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20127_DoctorWhoProm(2008) | doctor doctor concert showcasing incidental music british science fiction television series doctor classical music performed july royal albert hall london bbc annual series concerts doctor thirteenth concert season intended introduce young children doctor showcased work composed incidental music doctor return classical pieces played concert conducted performed presented actress played companion doctor doctor actors performers dressed doctor monsters appearances stage audience concert included video scenes doctor specially filmed mini episode doctor called music spheres presented screen orchestra included live interactive elements doctor broadcast live recorded subsequent television broadcast bbc january positively reviewed newspapers success led doctor seasons development purpose doctor production team presented concert titled doctor celebration wales millennium centre cardiff fundraiser children need success concert encouraged doctor producer head music meet director suggest doctor themed concert doctor replaced blue peter held doctor ongoing drive accessible inclusive critics accused wright wright defended programme pointing hosting concert families include pieces doctor producer decided create mini episode doctor shown concert actor played doctor unable participate live concert commitments production hamlet davies incorporated interactive elements script ensure live performance event watch later website youtube frankly know like albert hall day captured reward people buy tickets queue travel official price pre booked tickets adults children tickets sold people signed waiting list event prior concert tickets touted concerts tickets sold day event queue tickets doctor began morning people attended sold concert audience included families children older doctor fans times described concert concert season programme addition doctor music classical pieces included concert including piece united_kingdom début told doctor magazine concert planners considered theme time space tie doctor decided lead big sci tracks likes concert feel like film soundtrack day instead producers chose doctor love humanity theme selected pieces felt connected theme act act production concert conducted featuring solo performances foster arranged gold compositions performance played fourth series doctor presented programme guests respectively played second fourth series television programme played doctor companion doctor christmas special fourth series programme surprise guest appearance introduce theme having listed presenter lineup presented coverage concert concert rehearsed saturday july day performance children need concert cardiff dress rehearsal attempted day performance time run half staging included tardis prop centre stage bust wall bearing graffiti bad wolf placed police box bust monsters aliens appeared stage audience played artists portrayed television including commander role played episodes poison sky plot mini episode music spheres space time portal opened interior doctor tardis episode alien doctor musical composition fell portal actor appeared stage sheets music manuscript paper dropped orchestra stage prior piece operated voiced appeared stage appeared audience announcing new palace audience slaves played television episodes stolen earth journey end reprised role heavy makeup concert broadcast doctor broadcast live recording concert streamed downloaded week transmission concert recorded later television showing bbc interval concert broadcast let time warp minute commentary science fiction writer essay discussed moral contradictions doctor compared programme religious texts cultural highlights concert televised bbc bbc january available digital television red button television broadcast included concert prologue strange strange creatures doctor forever rose martha master mini episode music spheres audience reactions girl fireplace doctor theme song freedom doctor theme non doctor music included highlights broadcast television edition concert released bonus feature dvd doctor uncut video concert available period beginning january period beginning january available residents bbc doctor website reception writing times called event hottest ticket town week added child introduction orchestral noted moment shame composer won bafta daily telegraph called production staged called gold music evocative described scale miniature writing felt classical compositions attention gold work called scale doctor pieces singled performance describing haunting hoisted emotional level peak team saved earth accompanied soaring song freedom sole complaint concert gave insufficient attention work programme conclusion doctor theme felt like climax guardian praised idea concert imagine better way children interested classical music orchestra music doctor noted non doctor music received tolerance said played felt ride tends sound little played called gold work little derivative perfectly suited task complained gold orchestration doctor theme drowned original arrangement wrote strong choir performed praised technical execution complex programme review doctor series soundtrack mentioned objected doctor critics agreed excellent forum introducing younger listeners concert music covering event noted stated aim encourage audience concert hall music normally attending classical concerts attracted low ticket prices informal atmosphere concluded children audience love doctor come way spend hour listening music happily sit formal experimental piece modern classical music enthusiastically end concerned happy day work wrote programme notes concert called theatrical experience suggested small shame record music television programme invited perform said performance song original vocalist left lot desired reviewing highlights concert shown television dublin evening herald called concert silly idea irresistible charm noted power featured doctor music came audience themes powerful scenes television series added joy watch imagine magical night writing daily telegraph listed doctor successful elements season bbc director praised director creating wonderful exciting event clearly grabbed children imagination music correspondent independent included doctor highlight year end review classical music april journalist sunday_times said complaints need hosting doctor children year host | Doctor Who Prom (2008) | Media and drama | Television | Doctor Who series |
27156_NinthDoctor | ninth doctor ninth doctor incarnation doctor protagonist bbc science fiction television programme doctor portrayed series revival programme narrative doctor time travelling alien race known doctor critically injured body gains new physical appearance distinct new personality production team approach character portrayal highlighted intentionally different predecessors stating character eccentric fit 21st century audience doctor given primary companion designed independent courageous briefly travels self serving boy genius acts foil companions ultimately proves reformed con man 51st century doctor rose jack form close team separated series finale character difficult choices face sacrifice readers voted doctor popular doctor mainstream press science fiction reviewers generally credit character helping establish following hiatus character interactions particularly praised won awards single series including national television award best actor appearances television ninth doctor appears episode rose rescues year old attack department store works rose helps doctor defeat consciousness living plastic invites travel tardis trip takes witness destruction planet earth year billion revealed doctor species destroyed doctor kind following visit cardiff encounter author doctor claims big fan faced near death situation doctor tells rose glad met taking rose home doctor accidentally returns earth months left actions treated like internet predator rose mother rose boyfriend rose murder suspect helps doctor rose defeat firing missile base doctor offers place tardis refuses episode doctor encounters believed race extinct time war concluded mutual races event doctor responsible doctor surviving end episode attempts kill cold blood rose calls joins doctor rose companion end tries future knowledge satellite year time long game doctor tardis doctor angry rose takes event father death saves life causing pete dies restore timeline shows compassion encourages sit passes away encountering captain con artist time agent 51st century doctor realises caused deadly plague sweep human race turning humans gas mask zombies following resolution situation jack prepares sacrifice doctor saves invites board tardis doctor encounters survive downing street explosion present day cardiff doubts send home executed episode doctor notices rose kept coming words bad wolf episode bad wolf doctor rose jack find mercy based satellite true enemy revealed emperor having survived time war rebuilt race doctor sends rose 21st century protect attempting destroy army realises destroy planet earth unable proclaiming killer having absorbed energies time vortex rose able return doctor destroy save rose killed time vortex doctor removes harmful effects kissing damage cells causes tenth doctor takes place ninth doctor origins originally explored given anniversary special day doctor aftermath time war war doctor old age regeneration scene cut short likeness fully seen actor declined return episode showrunner wished honour decision appear stock footage alongside doctors literature essay flood barriers reprint collection eighth doctor comic strips doctor magazine strip editor reveals authorised comic strip depict eighth doctor regeneration ninth end story arc flood regeneration witnessed eighth doctor companion writes intent continue ninth doctor year story arc ninth doctor arc vetoed series producer creative team felt unable doctor presence decision depict regeneration comic strip reprint collection includes specially drawn panel showing ninth doctor looked comic strip immediately regeneration wearing eighth doctor costume tended ninth doctor appears doctor new series adventures novels tie series revamped novels clockwise man monsters inside published feature solely doctor rose monsters inside depicts doctor taking rose alien planet rose mentions visit series episode boom town aired june example television series referencing novels second batch ninth doctor novels comprising strain human dreams released september feature doctor rose later companion captain jack ninth doctor novels human reference bad wolf story arc series keeping series doctor acknowledge significant ninth doctor appeared anniversary shown adventures near end rose tell rose tardis travels time character featured comic strips short stories doctor annual ninth doctor short story christmas holidays doctor tardis inadvertently separated years time fault time machine doctor able bring past short story later basis series episode ninth doctor appeared comics doctor forgotten doctor prisoners time audio ninth doctor official original audio story appearance big finish destiny doctor night released september 50th anniversary doctor joined companions rose captain jack reads story provides voice development casting doctor played actors series began casting concept regeneration process title character takes new body identity having introduced allow production team change lead actors seven different actors played eighth doctor played appeared bbc fox produced television film lead series weeks bbc posted animated serial called scream official website originally developed official continuation series featured role doctor promoting online serial grant referred official ninth doctor bbc following september announcement series return television new actor title role canonical status called doctor left doubt casting ninth doctor announced march production team choice character actors linked role included stated announcement casting casting actor reputation signalled intention doctor 21st century retaining core traditional values surprising edgy eccentric executive producer russell davies remarked casting raises bar cited quality scripts reason joining cast stating interview bbc breakfast programme excited working davies press pack series states writer declare interest role enjoyed having chance work series aimed different demographic previous work noting aimed families kind acting children feel lucky able felt cast davies series risk actor known charm comedy anticipated potential backlash built actor stature difference interpretation character past doctors march bbc confirmed staying role second series claiming scared april admitted statement consulting actor forced speaking denied left fear stated didn enjoy environment culture cast crew work want based experience said wasn comfortable thought stay job going blind certain things thought wrong think important man successful left important thing left feel kind broke mould helped proud according interview bbc doctor website taken departure revealed planned stay years march source bbc indicated discussed plans doctor 50th anniversary special aired november davies successor executive producer consideration decided return series returned incarnation played role ultimately war doctor portrayed characterisation stated april believe doctor eccentric incarnations russell davies characterised character stripped version previous doctors ninth doctor eccentric character davies stated travels time space got hearts time lord eccentric getting contrast previous doctors ninth doctor speaks distinct northern accent remarking aspect characterisation states character scientist intellectual lot people think things speak received pronunciation course rubbish regards doctor costume consisting black leather jacket jeans actor states didn want costume performance wanted colour come acting thought doctor slight dark bring lighter executive producer observed ninth doctor gave chance intense felt character doctor lives solely present avoids thinking past pain concern future felt character ultimately provides life message stating doctor saying great alive interview stated doctor accepts individuals regardless colour creed expressed hope doctor encourage young children appreciate life drew differences doctor traditional children heroes actor described character brutal times stating creates like disney evening standard highlighted character brave wise brilliant rough ready earth loose story arc informed doctor characterisation series feelings destruction race occurred episode felt episode showed audience doctor way feels past russell davies remarked ninth doctor carries lot survival guilt universe wearing dark leather jacket saying don touch davies felt provided bit therapy starts rebuild episode parting ways doctor sacrifices ninth life save rose davies felt important doctor away mythological stage concepts time war provide conclusion focused relationship character rose played captain jack felt doctor decision save rose enabled sacrifices save letting burden destroyed companions doctor travelled companions generally serve remind moral duty casting ninth doctor primary female companion announced felt young actress pop star perfect unique dynamic companion doctor press series focused heavily fact rose independent courageous previous companions prior casting joked running screaming later opined rose vulnerable previous companions brave courageous intelligent citing fact saves doctor life remarked doctor challenges rose life turn sees huge potential great felt rose heroine teaches doctor huge emotional lessons felt relationship characters love sight mysterious fashion conventional love affair commentators series noted romantic tension characters book doctor described climactic kiss ninth doctor rose parting ways secretly wanted ultimately killed joins doctor rose episode character conceived pitch bbc intention adam join tardis team rose developed liking contrasting rose adam created everybody suited companion davies stated wanted rubbish companion dubbed adam companion couldn returning adam home doctor informs best got rose reviewing adam appearances companion blog described adam fulfilling role companion proves worth companions episodes thirteen rose doctor joined con man jack appearances conceived intention forming character arc jack transformed hero reflecting doctor jack rose felt subtle sexual chemistry characters play relationships means driven desire sfx magazine commented dynamic compared trio style gang face danger jack parts ninth doctor kiss felt respect significant moment annals series moment melancholy loss characters analysis reception spectator noted subsequent fourth doctor departure prior actors portrayed doctor tendency play role camp knowing felt ninth doctor transports golden era jon series edge darkness head abc programming commented picking series brought new dynamic energy role appeal long time viewers new fans cited high viewing figures debut episode million proof audiences ready welcome new era looking era forward herald comments casting risk reputation ratings restored notes era subsequently time character established notes big boots fill doctor believe greatest incarnation time lord interview stated awful lot live taking role having admired performances viewer like found similarities ninth doctor era doctor era single series modern day season seven retrospective character states casting proved revival light entertainment concern comments online sense ship steered different direction praises plot device time war allowing character mysterious providing blank slate compares ninth doctor doctor characters unknown remains aggressively weird new found human friends blair felt ninth doctor relationship doctor arch enemies successful incarnations giving particular praise enhanced furious reaction monsters blair ends retrospective noting foundations laid wouldn able onwards popular era wrote child doctor dances doctor doctor executive producer observed distinct lack science fiction fantasy drama felt series establish bit bit tough detective prove proper sensible drama series notes series changed landscape tried fit doctor fantasy shows ahead series premiere australian network abc predicted older viewers find easily best time lord stage whilst enthusiastic revival labelled biggest disappointment following premiere episode stating looked uncomfortable fantasy role guardian felt ninth doctor faults felt looking like extra fantastic opportunity felt brought warmth wit promise formidable presence kelly believed believable man destroyed dealing repercussions brought stayed second series seventh doctor actor praised alien doctor sure edge insanity good played fifth doctor criticised decision quit single series stating don think engage new doctor way able won popular actor award best actor voted readers sfx magazine named vote online best drama poll doctor magazine poll voted greatest doctor portrayed april ign listed doctor best doctor opining gave tough nails doctor damaged war guilt possessing spark fun adventure previous entertainment website stated introducing new generation icon new millennium daily telegraph named ninth best doctor noting actor attempts lighter style forced offset fuller disappointed time swiftly poll conducted united_states media news magazine entertainment_weekly resulted voted fourth popular doctor eleventh doctor | Ninth Doctor | Media and drama | Television | Doctor Who series |
5858_AttackofMark'sClone | attack mark clone attack mark clone sixth episode second season american animated television series ugly americans aired comedy central united_states august episode creates clone mark guarantee win bowling tournament plan clone frames murdering new assistant episode written series developer directed series creator episode features guest performances according nielsen_media_research attack mark clone watched season low viewers original airing episode received positive reviews critics deemed solid plot creates clone replace bowling tournament real mark terrible bowler clone blonde hair instead brown hides real mark closet following day hires new assistant named dirty work action thinks useless department sub basement cuts mark department budget impressed attitude day group therapy session mark students turns fight club train bowling tournament later finds diary apartment finds plans murder tournament real mark infuriated decides murder frames crime apartment weapon leaving scene gets hauled crew finds mark behavior strange decides investigate visits prison reveal truth kill real mark tells framed goes mark apartment discovers real mark tied closet appears shoots legs tries fire ends grown tired bowling decides leave city day real mark tries free prison find evidence prove innocence mark finds clone tropical island confesses killed clone death body scrapped parts gives new legs eyes bowling tournament mark wonders clone came says know production initially titled clone wars episode title later changed attack mark clone series developer wrote episode series creator directed served staff writers interview clark spoke episode proclaimed fun opportunity mark clone like calling mark said voice mark voiced clone individual clark elaborated funny like seeing mark kind play time like seeing like hilarious funny story executive producer said glove cigarette instead putting office attack mark clone eighth episode produced second season addition regular cast episode features appearances recurring guest voice actors guest starred episode reception episode originally aired comedy central united_states august episode viewed estimated viewers received rating adults ages according nielsen_media_research means seen year olds episode marked decrease ratings previous episode ring powers scored rating watched viewers total viewership attack mark clone season watched episode critical reception episode positive favored season episodes emphasized generating gag minute paper thin plot wrote ugly americans team roll season going episode week ring powers previous week writer positive episode rating writing attack mark clone takes pretty plotline evil duplicate translates twisting storytelling come know love harrison praised episode giving viewers insight character mark concluded solid note episode ugly americans ongoing jokes helped shore limited scope situation | Attack of Mark's Clone | Media and drama | Television | Ugly Americans |
10336_WetHotDemonicSummer | wet hot demonic summer wet hot demonic summer second season premiere american animated television series ugly americans fifteenth overall episode series originally aired comedy central united_states june episode retire job apprentice abandoned years prior infiltrate compound hold initiation ritual complicated strategy involves building summer camp head counselor episode written directed inspired write episode reading critic review series critic referred having spurred idea involving character having responsibility wet hot demonic summer parodies harry potter series particularly character design elements planned months advance coincide release premiered weeks episode aired wet hot demonic summer received generally positive reviews television critics commentators praised cultural references claimed showed similar quality series season according nielsen_media_research wet hot demonic summer watched million viewers original airing attracted viewers series pilot episode plot retire takes apprentice mount magic complete initiation ceremony wizard retire hatch apprentice egg train years abandoned apprentice contact ceremony later revealed wizard demons wizard enemies ready attack force field keeping needs sign retirement forms demons decide use lead mark come elect camp leader summer camp originally mining camp build nearby mark brings students camp devil brings demons act like camp visitors department police officer comes runs away live bears thinks camp infested mark students roommate zombie begin old silver trapped inside begins dig upset abandoned goes outside balcony spots swimming lake wearing bikini declares mark arrives lake sees balcony tells forgot sign retirement forms explains come secret entrance mark demons hear later mark meets entrance signs forms ready retire moments later initiation ceremony begins mount magic demons invade compound battle demons runs away camp sexy counselor sex mark arrives army bears soon arrives hole dug hole collapses floor demons bears consumed battle ends sun goes late continues work begins raise new egg production wet hot demonic summer written directed series creator said planned giving summer theme knew air summer clark elaborated decision incorporate summer themes episode stating went little ideas incorporate relevant pop culture shows means little challenge making jokes little fun genre broader spectrum explained difficult series stuff takes months complete episode aware fact harry potter premiere shortly episode set air like hyper good months advance notice said said included famous sources including lord rings wonderful wizard interview mtv clark elaborated wizard references obviously main prominent relevant pop culture harry potter spoof thrown episode explores background essentially dad interview magazine complex revealed inspired write episode reading critic review referred basically having able magic wants lazy advantage powers review spurred idea episode responsible dealing kid called episode mythology bizarre surreal said tried core themes relationship estranged son day episode original broadcast deleted scene wet hot demonic summer available official ugly americans website half minute clip shown settling living life bear reception episode originally aired comedy central united_states june following episode ghost machines according nielsen_media_research wet hot demonic summer watched million viewers compared million watched episode acquired rating viewers ages means year olds viewed episode dropped viewership compared series pilot episode attracted million viewers acquired rating wet demonic summer marked drop ratings compared season finale received rating wet hot demonic summer received generally positive reviews critics new_york_daily_news rated stars commented sense viewers equally possible watching jokes work went remark ugly americans packs lot minutes happily style makes easy watch references critic rated stars wrote includes visual cultural references fast miss jokes require multiple wagner meant positive feature writing example laughing hard happened miss fun line lastly wagner observed ugly americans gross bizarre makes sense world created deemed episode good sign second season good better season said way works episode subtle surprising convincing evidence method madness ugly americans knows play card got right instinct shows madness harrison praised battle scene demons calling best single sequences series far contrast standard times critic critical episode noting tries hard commented efforts 1980s summer camp fantasy comedies movies odd amusing pretty sums ugly americans | Wet Hot Demonic Summer | Media and drama | Television | Ugly Americans |
21814_CallieandHerSister | sister sister second episode second season american animated television series ugly americans sixteenth overall episode series originally aired comedy central united_states july episode half demon repeatedly refuses arranged marriage convince father boyfriend asks following therapy session held mark divorced parents produce second daughter replace bride mark later job raise develops evil plans wedding episode written directed series creator episode features guest performances recurring voice actors sister includes homage horror film minor allusions baby shining critical responses episode positive critics called solid memorable praised humor character development according nielsen_media_research episode watched viewers original airing united_states deemed steady compared season premiere wet hot demonic summer plot half demon demon father break boyfriend marry fulfill ancient magical blood pact gets paid family deliver bride murdered refuses marry prove relationship mark invites tell arranged marriage mark having troubles receives negative feedback teacher evaluation forms students department afford having individual sessions students decides hold zombie roommate apartment session mark kidnapped bribes break mark declines human mother shows argues gives mark idea invite therapy sessions following session mark leaves room short comes having sex eventually day announce given birth sister thanks took day born age year day place bride accident caused hospitalized mark task raise weeks eighteen years old started dating mark takes session finds arranged marriage marriage televised sex ritual realizes forcing marry like father forced tells want marry wants opposite wants tells marry ritual commence reveals mark plots kill instead join mark sex altar mark informs takes soul transform demonic figure following battle falls lower level hell later kicks mark apartment marry anymore production cultural references sister written second writing credit series following season finale episode directed series creator sister marked directing credit series previously served director adult swim animated series attorney law addition main cast sister features appearances recurring guest voice actors provided voices main cast member returned voice father sister hinted june interview clark expect series second season revealed episode main plot references parents episode birth sister supernatural creature ends aging year day homage mark end taking responsibilities dealing demonic child story mark taking care sister eventually matures version pays homage horror film homage includes elements horror film baby creepy demonic characteristics child drew comparisons film shining episode title comedy drama film hannah sisters review website mentioned mark tells clients leave favorable review site reception episode originally aired united_states comedy central july following episode law according nielsen_media_research sister watched viewers compared million watched episode acquired rating demographic numbers writer noted steady compared rating previous episode wet hot demonic summer episode marked slight downfall total viewership season premiere drew audience million sister met positive reviews television critics mtv writer referred solid character focused season premiere commented episode leads marked improvement humor simply flows scene scene praised series writers allow develop character stating don exactly great new insights character cool writers allowing develop little given non continuity driven focus particularly praised episode montage scene continuing notch animation style entertainment website rated episode wrote remember harrison noted writers appear explore characters backgrounds second season like background focus wet hot demonic summer harrison concluded review commenting sister sort episode early stages don ugly americans training wheels means better know people creatures fascinating animated world good stuff like | Callie and Her Sister | Media and drama | Television | Ugly Americans |
26839_RideMetoHell | ride hell ride hell episode second season american animated television series ugly americans seventeenth overall episode series originally aired comedy central united_states july episode outraged ending favorite television series mark helps attachment series deep seated memories expected leader hell father unwilling episode written directed series creator series season mainly referenced horror films ride hell pays homage 1970s cop shows clark memories 1970s opportunity parody cop shows chips according nielsen_media_research ride hell watched viewers original airing slight drop total viewership compared previous episodes episode received positive reviews plot favorite television series discharge ends seasons revealed entire series angel dream outraged determined change ending later tells girlfriend half demon seen father sixth birthday mark roommate zombie touched decides document mark journey find father hollywood director mark assigned investigate people enjoyed ending discharge documents video camera ride memory sequence revealed real cop 1970s worked undercover expert named jimmy discharged force memories cop mark figures angry ending series takes past car partner jimmy car memory sequence drives hollywood ready hand title leader hell daughter want job competition held choose overtake title tries lose challenge makes sure wins time studio discharge filmed forces act ending series reveals memory trying new leader hell accidentally killed disguised jimmy present time mark head new_york sabotage new ceremony ceremony unexpectedly chooses big snake swallow leader hell secretary spare getting job receive snake crashes car church shoots revealed old partner jimmy worked undercover hell years embarrassed begins memories mark believes best episode ends angel waking suggesting episode dream production ride hell written directed series creator screenwriter executive producer said episode explores little bit mark background particularly father left younger sort informs social worker unlike series season paid homage mainly horror films season referenced variety genres interview magazine complex clark ride hell example season little bit horror culture referred big episodes stated references contemporary shows endings monk lost episode memories cop 1970s clark saw opportunity fun 1970s cop shows chips said fun opportunity worlds pull horror fun opportunities season pull old 70s cop shows fun step try lots different styles looks excited writers throw thematically new opportunity try different ride hell fifth episode produced second season addition regular cast episode features appearances recurring guest voice actors reception episode originally aired united_states comedy central july according nielsen_media_research watched viewers acquired rating demographic episode slightly dropped terms total viewership previous episode sister watched viewers ride hell received positive review commented successfully character favorite character episode harrison wrote thrilled shine starring role episode bit light isolated funny incidents director speak solid happy demon politics harrison graded episode remarked cut predecessors season bit shy best episodes | Ride Me to Hell | Media and drama | Television | Ugly Americans |
5896_Survivalhorror | survival horror survival horror action adventure adventure video games inspired horror fiction focuses survival character game tries players horror graphics scary combat gameplay player feel control typical action games limited ammunition health speed vision player interaction game mechanics player challenged find items unlock path new areas solve puzzles proceed game games use strong horror themes like dark maze like environments unexpected attacks enemies term survival horror original japanese release resident evil influenced earlier games horror theme games similar gameplay applied earlier titles starting release resident evil genre began incorporate features action games traditional person person shooter games led game journalists question long standing survival horror franchises recent franchises abandoned genre moved different distinct genre referred action horror survival horror genre persisted form definition survival horror refers horror video games player character vulnerable armed puts emphasis puzzle solving violence games commonly challenge player manage inventory scarce resources ammunition major theme genre isolation typically games contain relatively non player characters result frequently tell story second hand usage journals texts audio logs action games feature lone protagonists versus enemies environment survival horror games distinct horror themed action games tend emphasize combat favor challenges hiding running enemies solving puzzles unusual survival horror games draw elements person shooters action adventure games role playing games survival horror different typical game genres defined strictly specific mechanics subject matter tone pacing design philosophy game design emphasized combat survival horror games horror games player unable fully prepare arm avatar player usually encounters factors combat primary option limited number weapons enemies weapons available ammunition games powerful weapons rocket launchers rare available players vulnerable action games hostility environment sets narrative odds weighed decisively avatar gameplay shifts away direct combat players learn evade enemies turn environment games try enhance experience vulnerability making game single player multiplayer giving player avatar typical action game hero survival horror genre known non combat challenges solving puzzles certain locations game world collecting managing inventory items areas game world limits player gains certain items occasionally levels designed alternative routes levels challenge players maze like environments test player navigational skills levels designed dark making use dim light conditions camera angles restrict visibility challenge player provide suspense games genre use enormous spatial environments enemy design survival horror storyline usually involves investigation confrontation horrific forces games transform common elements horror fiction gameplay challenges early releases utilized camera angles seen horror films allowed enemies areas concealed player view survival horror games use screen sound warning cues player impending danger feedback assists player creates feelings anxiety uncertainty games typically feature variety monsters unique behavior patterns enemies appear unexpectedly suddenly levels designed scripted sequences enemies drop ceiling crash windows survival horror games like action adventure games structured boss encounter player confront formidable opponent order advance area boss encounters draw elements antagonists seen classic horror stories defeating boss advance story game history origins 1980s origins survival horror game traced earlier horror fiction linked books include investigative narratives journeys depths comparisons boss encounters seen survival horror games themes survival traced film protagonist confrontation ultimate antagonist major influence genre japanese horror including classical theatre books japanese cinema survival horror genre largely draws western mainly american asian mainly japanese traditions western approach horror generally favouring action oriented horror japanese approach tends favour psychological horror games described survival horror sci survival horror game developed student contractor pet ported known later joined published exclusively japan inspired stealth game sci horror film alien gameplay involved player attempting escape spaceship avoiding sight invisible alien visible appearing player gameplay involved limited resources player needs collect certain items order escape ship certain required items available warehouse player unable escape eventually choice killed getting caught alien released person game weapon player fight enemy escape finding exit monster finds game states distance awareness player raising tension edge stated fear panic terror facing relentless foe going end considers original survival horror game stated survival horror phrase coined easily applied massive hit early example game gameplay typical future survival horror titles emphasizes puzzle solving action violence game uses monsters commonly featured horror fiction bats ghosts unique behaviors gameplay incorporates item collection inventory management areas inaccessible appropriate item found features seen later survival horror games reviewers classified game genre saw release early horror game based traditional japanese horror released handheld game solar powered game panels enable impressive scene changes early effects ambient light game received effect gaming experience early example horror game released year sega arcade game introduced classic horror movie monsters including likes monster helping lay foundations future survival horror games remake gameplay specifically designed horror theme featuring haunted house stages traps secrets enemies fast powerful intimidating forcing players learn house rely game cited horror themed games maze game magical zoo horror rpg released set post apocalyptic research facility gameplay featured shooter based combat permanent death half 1980s saw release horror themed games including sega despite imagery games gameplay action games time particular notable large terror despite arcade beat little emphasis survival war dead title developed published engine platforms considered true survival horror game gamepro designed game horror action rpg revolving female member rescuing survivors isolated monster infested town bringing safety church open environments like real time view battles like war dead departed dark creepy atmosphere expressed storytelling graphics music player character limited ammunition player character punch use knife ammunition game limited item inventory store items introduced day night cycle player sleep recover health record kept days player survived year saw release hybrid survival horror rpg traditional rpg elements turn based combat set mansion infested creatures player controls party characters different including scientist tools journalist takes pictures war dead abandoned rpg elements predecessor random encounters instead adopted action adventure elements retaining horror atmosphere predecessor game considered true survival horror having influence resident evil release nintendo_entertainment_system gameplay focused solving variety puzzles items stored limited inventory battling escaping creatures lead permanent death characters creating tension emphasis survival attempt creating scary frightening storyline game mainly told scattered diary entries left years events game developed game main inspiration later release borrowed elements game mansion setting opening door load screen death animations multiple endings depending characters survive dual character paths individual character skills limited item management story told diary entries emphasis atmosphere horrific imagery prevented release western world influence felt resident evil originally intended remake game consider true survival horror game travis ign claims rpg despite influence released year closely embodied genre conventions despite lack influence published developed unlike early games genre featured science fiction setting inspired film alien gameplay closely resembled later survival horror games ways considers achieve kind fully formed vision survival horror know today citing balance action adventure limited ammunition weak weaponry vulnerable main character feeling isolation storytelling journals graphic violence use triggered music characteristic elements later games survival horror genre despite likely direct influence later games genre similarities largely example parallel thinking released dark considered genre game featured lone protagonist monsters use traditional adventure game challenges puzzle solving finding hidden keys new areas dark utilized static camera views cinematic nature players ability fight monsters action games players option evade block monsters killed dealt problem solving abilities game mechanism notes books devices elements later survival horror games game credited making survival horror genre possible released fully survival horror game doctor player character environment rendered entirely allowing player switch view different perspectives person person overhead view departure survival horror games doctor lacks enemies main threat instead house game takes place player having survive house traps solve puzzles uses background music tension changes depending situation sound player character echoing footsteps change depending surface later resident evil game today considered formative step creation survival horror genre improving dark warp horror adventure game featured person perspective cgi motion video gameplay consisted entirely puzzle solving taboo content year survival horror game employed point click graphic adventure gameplay deadly known chases players game game introduced stealth game elements unique lack combat player able run away order survive features different possible endings term survival horror market release resident evil resident evil adopted features seen dark including cinematic fixed camera angles puzzle solving challenges control scheme staple genre future titles imitated challenge limited resources items game commercial success credited helping playstation dominant game console led series resident evil films games tried replicate successful formula seen subsequent survival horror game arguably taken stance relation golden age success resident evil responsible template basis wave successful survival horror games referred resident evil clones golden age survival horror started resident evil reached peak turn millennium followed general decline years later resident evil clones time survival horror titles stood playstation games proved hits success resident evil staying true graphic adventure gameplay original following resident evil formula survival horror title differentiated indie psychological horror adventure game created engine like later haunting ground player characters lack means defending game featured possible endings game released western markets game similar games inspired resident evil success korean game known white day labyrinth named school game reportedly scary developers release patches adding multiple difficulty options game slated localization cancelled building previous success korea interest remake developed released considered survival horror games use fully dimensional virtual environment second doctor note experimented real time person perspective pre rendered backgrounds like resident evil released successful sequel resident evil series creator intended tap classic notion horror ordinary strange setting game creepy mansion visit wanted use familiar urban settings transformed chaos viral outbreak game sold million copies proving popularity survival horror year saw release square parasite eve combined elements resident evil rpg gameplay final_fantasy followed action based sequel discarded use guns favour psychic powers difficult fight enemy time fully survival horror incorporating action elements beat shooter games released drew heavily resident evil environments contrast resident evil pre rendered graphics particular praised moving away movie horror elements psychological style seen art house japanese horror films game emphasis disturbing atmosphere horror game featured stealth elements making use fog dodge enemies turning avoid detection original considered games time strong narrative silent hill series influential genre according ign golden age survival horror came release released original crisis noted incorporating certain elements survival horror games followed action based sequel crisis unique entry genre player explores mansion takes photographs ghosts order defeat series gained reputation distinctive genre game series credited best written survival horror games incorporated shooter elements survival horror titles resident evil survivor light gun shooter person shooter elements resident evil dead aim light gun person shooter elements western developers began return survival horror formula thing called survival horror game distinct titles genre emphasis action challenge holding team title doom categorized survival horror considered genre player ability directly confront monsters weaponry usually considered person shooter survival horror elements regardless genre increased popularity led western developers incorporate horror elements action games follow japanese survival style overall traditional survival horror genre continued dominated japanese designers aesthetics graphic adventure game formula seen original embraced survival horror gameplay resident evil outbreak introduced new gameplay element genre online multiplayer cooperative gameplay sony employed director develop game released added unprecedented challenge genre making player making vital learn enemy patrol routes hide reviewers eventually criticized traditional japanese survival horror formula console market drifted western style action games players limited resources controls seen japanese titles resident evil code room present resident evil attempted genre emphasizing precision aiming gameplay elements wider action genre ambitions paid earning title game year awards rank ign readers picks games list led reviewers suggest resident evil series abandoned survival horror genre genre conventions established major survival horror series followed suit developing combat systems feature action silent hill homecoming version dark changes overall trend console games shift action gameplay changes gameplay led suggest genre deteriorated conventions action games suggests genre lost core gameplay improved combat interface shifting gameplay away hiding running direct combat argues represents shift western horror aesthetics emphasize action gore psychological experience japanese horror original genre persisted form release praised atmospheric tension fast action successfully combining japanese horror cinematic action brought survival horror science fiction setting critics argue titles represent continuing trend away pure survival horror general action release left dead helped cooperative multiplayer survival horror games person shooter core fatal frame series remained true roots genre transitioned use fixed cameras shoulder viewpoint transition shoulder viewpoint shattered memories wii effort considered reviewers return form series developmental decisions taken included decision openly break fourth wall psychologically player decision remove weapons game forcing player run enemy examples independent survival horror games series amnesia dark descent games cry fear slender pages praised creating horrific setting atmosphere violence gore cult game access games notable introducing open world gameplay comedy horror theme genre overall game developers continued release survival horror games genre continues grow independent video game developers creator resident evil franchise released new survival horror game evil stated goal bring survival horror roots directorial work disappointed recent survival horror games having action | Survival horror | Video games | Video games | Video game genres |
7989_Fightinggame | fighting game fighting game video game genre player controls screen character engages close combat opponent characters tend equal power fight matches consisting rounds place arena players master techniques blocking counter attacking sequences attacks known early 1990s fighting games allow player execute special attacks performing specific button combinations genre related distinct beat ups involve large numbers antagonists video game feature fist fighting arcade game popularized martial arts games arcades featured antagonists differing fighting styles way exploding fist popularized genre home systems introduced hidden special attacks highly successful refined popularized conventions genre fighting game subsequently genre competitive video gaming early mid-1990s especially arcades period spawned numerous popular fighting games addition including successful long running franchises like mortal marvel genre popularity games complicated arcades began lose audience increasingly powerful home consoles near end 1990s new franchises dead alive soul series achieved success new millennium genre remains popular retains smaller proportion enthusiasts increasing popularity genres fighting games games player fights different way definition fighting games type action game screen characters fight games typically feature special moves triggered rapid sequences carefully timed button presses movements games traditionally fighters view genre progressed dimensional dimensional graphics fighting game popularized standardized conventions genre similar games released prior explicitly classified fighting games fighting games typically involve hand hand combat feature melee weapons genre distinct beat ups action genre involving combat player character fight weaker enemies time 1980s publications terms fighting game beat terms martial arts simulation specific terms critics argued types game gradually evolved terms fighting games grouped games feature boxing wrestling boxing games belong sports game genre action game genre aim realistic model boxing techniques moves fighting games tend highly exaggerated models asian martial arts techniques boxing games mixed martial arts games wrestling games described distinct genres comparison fighting games belong sports game genre game design fighting games involve combat pairs fighters highly exaggerated martial arts moves typically revolve primarily combat sport variations feature weaponry games usually display screen fighters view fighting games play largely plane motion games usually characters moving left right jumping games king fighters allow players parallel planes movement recent games tend rendered dimensions allow stepping play like rendered dimensions aside moving restricted space fighting games limit player actions different offensive defensive maneuvers players learn attacks defenses effective trial error blocking basic technique allows player defend attacks games feature advanced blocking techniques example features termed causes attacker momentarily similar state termed defended mark wolves addition blows punches kicks players utilize throwing blocks predicting opponents moves counter attacking known common element gameplay fighting games emphasize difference height blows ranging low jumping attacks strategy important players attempt predict moves similar rock paper special attacks integral feature fighting games includes use special attacks called secret moves employ complex combinations button presses perform particular basic punching kicking attacks basic punches kicks common feature fighting games fundamental genre release street fighter fighting games display combo meter displays player progress combo effectiveness moves relate difficulty execution degree risk moves ability casual gamer require player strong memory excellent timing feature fighting games originally introduced japanese company game add humor games effect gameplay improving strength attacks character noted especially example matches rounds fighting game matches generally consist rounds typically best player wins rounds wins match fighting games widely feature life bars depleted characters sustain blows successful attack character health game continues fighter energy reaches zero main goal completely life bar opponent achieving knockout beginning midway mortal released mortal series introduced fatalities victor kills knocked opponent manner games allow character defeated forcing outside fighting arena awarding ring victor round decisions determined time present judges players based remaining declare winner fighting games include single player campaign tournament player defeat sequence computer controlled opponents winning tournament reveals special story ending games grant access hidden characters special features victory character selection fighting games players select variety characters unique fighting styles special moves strong convention genre release street fighter character choices led deeper game strategy replay value fighting games offer female characters image tends featured pin girls game magazines male characters fighting games tend extra broad shoulders huge muscles prominent jaws custom creation create fighter feature fighting games allows player appearance set character super fire pro wrestling premium game include feature later fighting games mortal armageddon dragon ball adopted concept multiplayer modes fighting games offer multiplayer mode players fight letting second player challenge moment single player match titles allow players compete simultaneously games featured modes involve teams characters players form tag teams fight matches combat character leave arena replaced team mate fighting games offered challenge fighting multiple opponents succession testing player endurance newer titles advantage online gaming services created slow data transmission disrupt split second timing involved fighting games impact fighting games reduced technology keeps players games quickly rolling recent accurate game state errors jumping current frame games technology include 3rd strike online edition history late 1970s 1980s fighting games find origin boxing games evolved battles characters fantastic abilities complex special maneuvers sega black white boxing game released considered video game feature fist fighting warrior title credited fighting games contrast later titles warrior based sword fighting bird eye view sega released boxing game debut title sega related developer credited establishing fighting game genre variety moves performed dual controls best matches format like later fighting games featured training bonus stages went influence released january expanded pitting player variety opponents unique appearance fighting style player perform sixteen different moves including attacks martial arts game way exploding fist released june achieved critical success subsequently afforded burgeoning genre popularity home systems numerous game developers tried imitate financial successes way exploding fist similar games took unsuccessful legal action computer game elite boxing introduced high low guard lateral meter built successful attacks enabled special powerful punch thrown later provided template street fighter found niche gaming world partially arcade game developers 1980s focused producing beat ups shoot ups game appeal use special moves discovered experimenting game controls created sense invited players practice game similar controller motions maneuvers earlier deemed difficult following street fighter lead use command based hidden moves began games rising fighting game genre introduced staples genre including blocking technique ability challenger jump initiate match player time game introduced pressure sensitive controls determine strength attack causing damaged arcade replaced soon button control scheme offering light medium hard punches kicks staple genre released chinese known puppet fighting game use sprites motion capture animation home game consoles largely ignored genre martial spirit releases popular games genres technical challenges limited popularity early fighting games programmers difficulty producing game recognize fast motions players difficulty executing special moves accuracy early 1990s release street fighter considered revolutionary moment fighting game genre team developed accurate button scanning routine genre far allowed players reliably execute multi button special moves previously required element luck game highly successful graphics took advantage arcade highly detailed characters stages previous games allowed players combat variety computer controlled fighters allowed players play popularity street fighter surprised gaming industry arcade owners bought machines demand responsible combo mechanic came skilled players learned combine attacks left time opponent recover timed correctly released months street fighter designed creator original envisioned spiritual successor placed emphasis storytelling timing special moves added plane system characters step foreground background sega experimented early attempt fighting game characters directions sega released game outside japan felt fighting games sega attempted introduced technology genre unsuccessful fighting games achieved greater commercial success including street fighter remained popular spawning special champion edition improved game balance allowed players use additional characters popularity street fighter led released home game consoles allowed define template fighting games fighting games soon dominant genre arcade game industry early 1990s american developers tried capitalize template established chicago midway games achieved unprecedented notoriety released mortal game featured digital characters drawn real actors numerous secrets fatality system finishing maneuvers player character kills opponent game earned reputation violence eventually adapted home game consoles home version mortal released september day promoted mortal monday advertising resulted line ups purchase game subsequent backlash politicians concerned game violence mortal franchise ultimately achieve iconic status similar street fighter sequels movies television series extensive merchandising numerous game developers tried imitate street fighter mortal financial success similar games took unsuccessful legal action arcade game data east largest objection court arcade game true competitive fighting game genre original years attempt genre arcade game burning rival began attract attention release platform year fighting game graphics viewpoint rotated action despite graphics players confined forth motion seen fighting games buttons easier learn mortal having buttons respectively time game released japan game system selling ratio title mortal western audiences review considered best mortal game retrospect playstation launch title credited taking genre true introduction maneuver ign described little changed fighter forever year released arcades players choose teams characters eliminate eventually released updates including super street fighter super street fighter turbo games featured characters new moves response people original game add new features criticism updates grew players demanded true sequel dominant franchises mortal series america fighter series japan street fighter alpha warriors dreams unable match popularity street fighter period fighting game dominant genre competitive video gaming enthusiasts popularly attending arcades order find human opponents late 1990s 1990s fighting game genre began decline popularity specific franchises falling difficulty electronic gaming monthly awarded excess fighting games trend award release introduced graphics series continued success street fighter street fighter alpha street fighter movie arcade game regarded failure street fighter movie images street fighter film home video game titled street fighter movie released playstation port separately produced game based premise later released featured improved visuals character depth unable match impact street fighter despite excitement japan arcades limited hardware capabilities led sega delay console release sega eventually released game console company forced console released fighting games platform including blade annual updates king fighters franchise mark wolves considered great games company announced close doors retrospect multiple developers attribute decline fighting genre increasing complexity complexity shut casual players market fighting games smaller specialized furthermore arcades gradually profitable 1990s increased technical power popularity home consoles popularity fighting game genre continued evolve strong fighting games emerged late 1990s released arcades playstation proved critical playstation early success sequels console important titles soul series weapon based fighting games achieved considerable critical success beginning soul edge known outside japan released dead alive japanese arcades playstation spawned long running franchise known fast paced control system innovative series included titles important success respective consoles including dead alive xbox published square introduced realistic fighting engine featured dimensional environments abandoning time limits health bars favour innovative body damage system sword strike certain body limb head video game enthusiasts took interest gaming feature characters multiple franchises particular game early example type fighting game arcade release marvel clash super heroes featuring comic book characters games nintendo released game super smash series allowed match ups versus mario early 2000s early decade saw rise major international fighting game tournaments super battle opera evolution championship series famous players fighting game released new millennium prolific developers fighting games combined intellectual property produce games released game type match millennium handheld end gamespot regarded game highly anticipated fighter called best fighting game released handheld console released millennium fight arcades followed sequels subsequent years matched critical success handheld version noted game genre successfully utilize internet competition included mortal successful crossover brawl released wii featuring characters nintendo franchises game runaway commercial success addition critical praise new millennium fighting games popular plentiful mid-1990s multiplayer competition shifting genres reappeared continued release games received critical acclaim releasing sequel fighting games featuring striking anime inspired graphics fighting game currently popular genre amateur developers japan title developed amateur developer french bread achieved cult success highly popular arcades following release version released playstation following year genre generally far popular arcades attendant fighting games remained reasonably popular japan time period remain today fighter lacked online mode achieved success home consoles arcades players practiced home went arcades compete face face opponents addition soul dead alive franchises continued release installments classic street fighter mortal games released playstation network xbox live arcade allowing internet play cases graphics late 2000s present street fighter incorporated online multiplayer modes released early critical acclaim having garnered praise release japanese arcades console versions game super street fighter sold million copies total successful revival sparked renaissance genre introducing new players genre increased audience allowing fighting game franchises achieve successful positively received selling million copies worldwide august successful titles followed include marvel fate worlds mortal despite critically acclaimed releasing little fanfare update fighter final showdown received attention renewed interest fighting games dead alive notable making extensive use environments titles following wake fighting game renaissance include tag tournament crossover titles playstation stars battle | Fighting game | Video games | Video games | Video game genres |
12426_GrandTheftAutoclone | clone clone open world action adventure video games characterized likeness series gameplay overall design types open world games games players find use variety vehicles weapons freely open world setting objective games complete sequence core missions involving driving shooting missions added improve replay value storylines games typically strong themes crime violence origins open world action adventure games popularized europe particularly united_kingdom 1980s 1990s release marked major commercial success open ended game design north_america featured crime theme popularity sequel led widespread propagation specific set gameplay conventions consistent includes games different developers world player control wide ranges vehicles weapons evolved greater levels environmental detail realistic behaviors calling game clone usually negative reviewers come names names games applied wider range games share key features series definition grand theft auto clone video game falls genre popularized title players given ability drive vehicle fire weapon explore open world games treated action adventure game person shooter noted frequently bearing strong violent criminal themes exceptions like american presents copied gameplay structure teen rating terminology calling game grand theft auto clone considered unfair insulting reviewers use term suggest clone mere imitation commonly occurs video game industry designed sole purpose success grand theft auto series term neutral description game range good bad reviewers grand theft auto clone describe games rest merits necessarily dismiss entire class games mere games type defined broader terminology open world games games games called open world games games credited genre decade later furthermore reviewers stated genre include game freely world genre specific excluding free titles incredible hulk ultimate destruction class games terminology inconsistent including game open level design times focusing specific genre created turn century clear classifications describe genre popularized reviewers created number alternate names genre reviewers focused criminal themes content genre terminology crime games crime based action games cnn called genre journalists emphasized gameplay describing genre free action adventure games driving shooting games driving action hybrids game design driving shooting clones offer players ability steal drive number vehicles games included kinds vehicles cars helicopters boats jet fixed wing aircraft military vehicles reviewers compared games based number vehicles offer greater choice resulting better reviews players use vehicles weapons driving enemies damaging vehicle explodes games allow vehicles perform stunts games genre incorporate elements driving simulation games games allow players vehicles players engage combat range weapons depending game setting assault weapons sniper rifles explosives rocket launchers close range melee weapons reviewers stated games genre partially person shooters players find weapons scattered game world buy weapons shops dead enemies virtually game world attacked player games excessive violent behavior provoke reaction police authorities player choose fight evade players track health ammunition order succeed combat games employed variety aiming mechanisms free look aiming lock button games criticized difficult controls comes shooting video game designers tried aiming shooting controls games open world missions clones allow players freely explore game world typically scale entire city games base level design real world cities london new_york_city los_angeles players usually able navigate vehicle foot games greater emphasis climbing swimming exploring world necessary complete objectives gain valuable items weapons vehicles different parts game world controlled different enemy factions attempt stop player variety ways recent games genre allow players acquire territory freedom navigating huge game world overwhelming confusing new players game designers come variety navigational aids solve problem mini map feature common grand theft auto far offer gps service games navigation tools criticized confusing player freedom explore limited complete certain objectives advance game plot players visit specific locations complete specific missions order win game racing stealing shooting driving specific multiple ways complete missions game environment designed facilitate experimentation creative ways kill enemies completing core mission unlock missions advance storyline player fails mission able resume game mission began addition games usually offer optional missions allow players gain rewards missions improve game replay value games known incorporating numerous game world circuit races ultimately allows player follow ignore game storyline fit history origin open world action adventure games existed years prior release similar game scottish developer mercenary described major ancestor featured open world player explore freely released free form open world game set action modern day city extended miles included ability fire civilians steal cars game american developed games feature elements hunter described game featuring person graphics making important precursor series game consisted large open world numerous possibilities complete different missions character travel foot steal different vehicles cars tanks boats helicopters hunter unique features day night lighting fuel modelling log book aerial observation units tank traps land mines computer controlled rocket batteries guns possible ride bicycle swim parachute jump helicopter began pursuing open world game design grand theft auto allowed players automobiles shoot weapons mission based structure unlike later games series earlier influences games moved design concepts world game developed eventually acquired games title featured open world missions quests ability drive variety vehicles called space despite fact entire game takes place settings earth credited making possible cited mario games nintendo major influences important influence came driver series created open city environments cited driving game allow player map took gameplay foundation games expanded world offered unprecedented variety missions title greater commercial success direct influence profound credited genre let release treated revolutionary event history video games like release doom nearly decade earlier gamepro called important game time claimed genre influenced conventional level design ign similarly praised influential games time subsequent games follow formula driving shooting free level called clones critics likened legend particular noted iii combined elements previous games fused new experience instance radio stations implemented earlier games sega run open ended missions based operating taxi cab environment basis sega crazy taxi ability kill non player characters dated action role playing games like way players run pedestrians chased police compared recent history developed vice city expanded open world concept letting players explore interior buildings game featured expanded soundtrack voice talent hollywood actors including set new standard genre making studio talent pre success game developers entered field year releases simpsons hit run applied concept cartoon world true crime streets reversed formula putting player role police officer driver series influenced began follow formula combining driving shooting reviewers began warning parents growing number games genre violent themes intended mature audiences ultimately rival developers unable match reception released san featured open world scale distinct cities game allowed players player character vehicles compete turf fighting rival gangs continued success series led successful spin offs including liberty city stories vice city stories handheld game console market analysis early found new games genre difficulty new person shooters racing games noted overall revenue genre declines periods new game developers producing fewer games space estimated half number seen city racing developed published continues wildly popular clone despite complete lack storyline arrival seventh generation video game consoles grand theft auto clones released beginning crackdown introduced online multiplayer genre feature requested fans crackdown attracted attention created developer original featured ability develop player character semi futuristic setting godfather game world entered market attempted apply grand theft auto formula popular movie franchises reviewers continued measure games standard set released april featured large detailed environment gameplay adopted gps navigation system seen game broke numerous sales records including record fastest selling game hours inception genre evolved include larger settings missions wider range vehicles games published red dead redemption open world western themed game day release september released free downloadable content pack titled purposely playing similarity abbreviated titles promote game confusion raised social networks | Grand Theft Auto clone | Video games | Video games | Video game genres |
13363_Stealthgame | stealth game stealth game type video game tasks player stealth avoid overcome antagonists games genre typically allow player remain hiding avoiding noise games allow player choose approach directly attacking antagonists rewarding player greater levels stealth genre employed espionage counter terrorism rogue themes protagonists identified special forces spies thieves assassins games combined stealth elements genres person shooters early games emphasizing stealth include metal gear metal gear genre popular mainstream success metal gear solid stealth assassins thief dark project game genre metal gear solid released months later transformed relatively obscure series highly acclaimed profitable franchise numerous sequels thief pioneered stealth games games followed stealth series later games genre allowed player choose combine stealth tactics direct confrontation definition unlike action games stealth games challenge player avoid enemies altogether core gameplay elements modern stealth game avoid combat minimize noise strike enemies shadows completing objectives detected enemy referred common approach stealth games avoiding detection way successfully complete game usually multiple ways achieve goal different pathways styles play players hide objects shadows strike run past enemy enemy facing way player attracts attention enemies usually hide wait enemies abandon search planning important trial error stealth games emphasis physical combat skill player spotted games offer choice killing merely knocking enemy optional supported game players attempt avoid combat moral reasons demonstration skill game design hiding dark gameplay element light shadow important parts level design usually player able disable certain light sources stealth games emphasize audio design players able hear subtle sound effects alert enemies actions noise vary player walks different surfaces wood metal players noise attract attention order game include stealth gameplay knowledge artificial intelligence restricted ignorant parts game world stealth games takes specific consideration enemies reactions effects player actions turning lights opposed merely reacting player directly enemies typically line sight player avoid hiding objects staying shadows moving enemy facing direction enemies typically detect player touches moves small fixed distance overall stealth games vary player actions perceive react recent games offering wider range enemy reactions movements predictable regular allowing player strategy overcome adversaries players given limited methods engaging opponents directly stealth games restricting player ineffective non lethal weapons adversaries far superior equipment numbers providing player limited health makes combat scenarios extremely dangerous stealth games overlap survival horror genre players forced hide evade supernatural occasionally mundane enemies attempt track player examples hybrid stealth horror games include amnesia dark descent video game series history early developments stealth game boy pet personal computer game developed year old student october released november inspired store near university game involves boy entering convenience store attempting stealing symbols avoiding line sight detection owner caught player led away police presented game developer inspiration similar stealth arcade game based manga anime released april developed sequel released november pet requiring installed character generator module improved tile map graphics realistic movement game featured speech synthesis support later ported july game ported sega released arcade game called player mission secret documents waiting helicopter avoiding enemy use boxes hiding spots held world record stealth game originally available employed stealth elements focus gameplay players charged traversing levels stealing secret plans escaping players acquire uniforms disguise walk guards released included additions predecessor dagger close range kills greater emphasis enemy uniform software technically updated remake originally going feature original stealth gameplay body hiding cut game faster paced game ironically way later action games specifically person shooters released combined flight stealth based ground mission ground mission protagonist attempts sneak enemy territory false avoid detection knock gas enemies goal mission photograph secret documents avoiding released nintendo_entertainment_system utilized stealth elements action adventure framework mainstream stealth game released consoles available north_america nes version released metal gear placed greater emphasis stealth games time player character beginning weapons requiring avoid confrontation weapons found having limited ammunition weapon enemies able snake distance line sight mechanic hear non weapons security cameras sensors placed locations security alarm sounds snake spotted causes enemies screen chase snake disguise enemy uniform cardboard box use fight enemies sequel metal gear released evolved stealth gameplay predecessor introduced gameplay elements present including dimensional element height allowing players crawl hiding spots air underneath player distract guards knocking surfaces use radar plan ahead enemies improved including degree field vision turning heads left right detection different noises able screen screen limited single screen earlier games phase security alarm reinforcements called chase remain time losing sight leave area game complex storyline improved graphics establishing genre stealth gameplay appeared games 1980s 1990s seen turning point gaming history release metal gear solid thief dark project themed game stealth assassins released months metal gear solid making stealth based game highly anticipated metal gear solid transformed successful franchise large mainstream success increased power playstation console previous platforms allowed greater terms story game environment metal credited stealth genre thief credited pioneer genre stealth game person perspective dubbed person sneak use darkness shadows mode thief noteworthy contributions genre heavy use audio cues determine player level stealth establish tense atmosphere releases games genre drifted action allowing option direct confrontations series installment released allowed play style rewarded player elaborate assassination antagonists game employ genre device lives forever espionage themed parody released allowed player combine choose stealth overt violence person action role playing game incorporated stealth elements gameplay usa today reviewer found easiest difficulty setting character onslaught human robotic terrorists learn value stealth acclaimed metal gear series continued metal gear solid sons liberty playstation evolved stealth gameplay featured array new abilities including hanging opening hiding storage enemies hold gunpoint items ammunition metal gear solid sons liberty genre best selling game million sales followed metal gear solid million sales later developments present success metal gear solid extent thief stealth elements increasingly incorporated wide range video games numerous action games stealth elements way saw installment licensed splinter cell series attempt realistic game vein player discovered guards raise general alarm cause difficulty spike result automatic mission failure splinter cell notable state art graphics including dynamic lighting shadows effects contributed atmosphere game affected areas player hide sequel splinter cell tomorrow added multiplayer component stealth genre genre developed progressed stealth gameplay combined genres shaded game released stealth combined survival horror genre stealth genre year employed movie theme allowed player kill antagonists varying levels violence dependent time spent visual executions genre following year metal gear acid combined stealth gameplay metal gear series turn based strategy tactical role playing game elements card battle elements games metal gear solid playstation introduced camouflage genre set jungle game emphasized natural environment survival aspects food capture healing close quarters combat following year updated version metal gear solid introduced online multiplayer element genre release chronicles escape butcher bay based chronicles series movies game follows character attempts escape prison action stealth gaming combined seamlessly allowing character hide sneak fight way past situations game critically acclaimed followed chronicles assault dark assassin creed employed social element stealth game player able hide crowds civilians taking care blend year open world person shooter incorporated stealth elements gameplay multiplayer person shooter team fortress year person role playing game fallout following year metal gear solid guns patriots playstation introduced element stealth gameplay incorporated battlefield fought armies assassin creed predecessor elements stealth allowing player blend group civilians specific ones assassin creed allowed player distract guards coins hiring thieves featured notoriety level player recognizable paid officials tore wanted posters year thieves batman incorporated stealth elements different segments games multiplayer modes aliens predator incorporated stealth elements game tried incorporate stealth elements influenced thief importance lighting shadows developers later abandoned system citing realism factor game instead relies system based stealth vision enemies obstacles special abilities determines character visible forbes called best stealth games mark mark puts twist stealth genre posed unique factors lack corners character hide visibility presented developers overcame adding fog prevents player seeing things character visually representing enemy line sight noise character including far noise travels completion game player access harder difficulty called new game plus decreases visibility adding fog player removes noise enemy line sight | Stealth game | Video games | Video games | Video game genres |
18720_Beat'emup | beat beat known video game genre featuring hand hand combat protagonist large number opponents games typically place urban settings feature crime fighting revenge based plots games employ historical sci fantasy themes traditional beat ups place scrolling dimensional levels later games feature open dimensional environments larger numbers enemies games noted simple gameplay source critical acclaim player cooperative gameplay multiple player characters genre influential beat master introducing urban settings underworld revenge themes employed extensively later games genre saw period high popularity release double dragon defined player cooperative mode central classic beat ups street fighter drew gamers fighting games games final fight golden axe classics emerge period genre popular emergence based mass market games beat ups adapted simple formula utilize large scale environments definition beat called type action game player character fight large number enemies unarmed combat melee weapons gameplay consists walking level section time defeating group enemies advancing section boss fight normally occurs end level arcade versions games difficult win causing players spend money try win beat ups related distinct fighting games based matches scrolling levels multiple enemies terminology loosely applied commentators prefer terms times fighting games scrolling beat ups influenced terms graphics style appeal fans genre occasionally game feature kinds gameplay game design beat games usually employ crime fighting revenge plots action taking place city streets historical fantasy themed games exist players walk end game world game level usually horizontally later beat ups based scrolling levels instead allowing player larger environments retain simple gameplay control systems level players acquire weapons use power ups player health players walk level stopped groups enemies defeated continue level ends enemies defeated level contains identical groups enemies making games notable repetition beat games players fight boss enemy stronger enemies end level beat ups allow player choose selection protagonists strengths weaknesses set moves attacks include rapid combinations basic attacks jumping attacks characters special attacks leads different strategies depending character player control system usually simple learn comprising little buttons buttons combined pull jumping attacks release double dragon beat ups allowed players play game central aspect appeal games beat ups likely feature cooperative play game genres history origin game feature fist fighting sega boxing game heavyweight viewed view perspective like later fighting games fighting game popularized martial arts themed games year hong_kong cinema inspired master known japan laid foundations scrolling beat ups simple gameplay multiple enemies combined multi player multi character combat traditional collecting platform puzzle gameplay later year combined fight sequences freedom movement master successfully experimented adding plot fighting action beat ups successfully ported home systems released japan martial arts themes earlier games introduced street genre western adaptation released year added underworld revenge plot proved popular gamers combat sport games set standard future beat games introduced ability horizontally vertically introduced use combo attacks contrast earlier games opponents double dragon punishment requiring succession punches hit temporarily enemy making unable defend successive punches golden age release double dragon golden age beat genre lasted nearly years game designed spiritual successor took genre new heights detailed set martial arts attacks outstanding player cooperative gameplay double dragon success resulted flood beat ups came late 1980s acclaimed titles distinguished final fight intended sequel titled street fighter company ultimately gave new title contrast simple combo attacks double dragon combo attacks final fight dynamic acclaimed best game genre spawned sequels later ported systems final fight cause famous bankruptcy acclaimed hack slash action cooperative mode influential selection multiple protagonists distinct fighting styles considered strongest beat titles fantasy elements distinguishing urban settings seen beat ups beat named europe featured role playing game elements player character upgraded money stolen defeated enemies streets rage series launched early 1990s borrowed heavily streets rage sega mega drive notable console games match acclaim arcade beat ups level design praised taking traditional beat settings novel ways success led ported arcades beat popular genre video games based television series movies teenage turtles surprise success encouraged beat games based characters golden age genre ended wake success street fighter drew gamers fighting games subsequent emerging popularity video games diminished popularity based games general mid-1990s genre suffered lack innovation bit era onward fighting force anticipated genre bit consoles use environment met lukewarm reception dynasty warriors series beginning dynasty warriors offered traditional beat action large displaying dozens characters screen time series date spans games including expansions players west view overly similar games creators claim large audience japan subtle differences titles critics saw dynasty warriors innovative technically impressive held mixed opinion later titles later games received praise simple enjoyable gameplay simultaneously derided overly simplistic repetitive best selling japanese series combined elaborate plots detailed interactive environments street action despite releases game reviewers started genre died virtually new beat ups released arcades joe shaded graphics innovative gameplay features protagonist special powers traditional scrolling formula featured cartoon graphics quirky humor acclaimed cooperative gameplay games warriors based movie released featured large scale environments interspersed activities chase sequences game featured traditional scrolling beat armies night bonus content acclaimed main game later released playstation portable releases god hand seen parodies violence popular culture earning games praise taking seriously early beat games classic beat ups released services virtual console critics reaffirmed appeal appeal deemed diminished time genre lacks presence late 1980s titles joe god hand kept genre alive recent years beat genre seen revival form popular hack slash games style devil cry onwards including onwards god war onwards heavenly sword traditional scrolling beat ups released recent years including world game popular series elements beat genre | Beat 'em up | Video games | Video games | Video game genres |
18900_First-personshooter | person shooter person shooter video game genre centered gun weapon based combat person perspective player experiences action eyes protagonist person shooter shares common traits shooter games turn fall heading action game genre inception advanced graphics challenged hardware development multiplayer gaming integral person shooter traced far maze war development began early playful titles like maze genre violent form credited creating genre proper basic subsequent titles based title genre wider mainstream acceptance popularity doom influential games genre years term doom clone designate genre doom influence half life sequel half life enhanced narrative puzzle elements counter strike released doom influential person shooters landmark person shooter home consoles halo series heightened console commercial critical appeal platform person shooter titles 21st century person shooter commercially viable video game genre market share genre gaming industry person shooters popular games competitive gaming competitions definition person shooters type dimensional shooter game featuring person point view player sees action eyes player character unlike person shooters player usually character controlling primary design element combat mainly involving firearms person shooter games categorized distinct light gun shooters similar genre person perspective use light gun contrast person shooters use conventional input devices movement important key difference person light gun shooters like feature rails movement person shooters like doom player freedom person shooter considered distinct genre type shooter game turn wider action game genre following release doom games style commonly termed doom clones time term largely replaced person shooter released year doom credited genre critics identified similar advanced games developed far occasional disagreements specific design elements constitute person shooter example considered person shooters considered role playing video games borrow genre extensively commentators extend definition include combat flight cockpit vehicle takes place hands weapons game design like shooter games person shooters involve avatar ranged weapons varying number enemies place environment games tend somewhat realistic shooter games accurate representations gravity lighting sound collisions person shooters played personal computers controlled combination keyboard mouse system claimed superior found console games frequently use analog sticks running looking aiming common display character hands weaponry main view head display showing health ammunition location details possible map surrounding area combat power ups person shooters focus action gameplay fast paced bloody place greater emphasis narrative problem solving logic puzzles addition shooting melee combat extensively games melee weapons especially powerful reward risk player maneuvering character close proximity enemy situations melee weapon effective necessary resort tactical shooters realistic require strategy succeed player commands squad characters controlled game human teammates person shooters typically players choice weapons large impact player play game game designs realistic models actual existing historical weapons incorporating rate fire magazine size ammunition accuracy person shooter games incorporate imaginative variations weapons including future prototypes alien technology scenario defined weaponry utilizing wide array projectiles industrial labor tools laser energy rocket grenade launchers variations applied animations grenades rocks spears unconventional modes destruction employed users hands flames electricity supernatural constructions designers allow characters carry varying weapons little reduction speed mobility pistol smaller device long rifle limiting player weapon time options trade upgrade swap games standards realism varies design elements protagonist generally healed armed means items aid kits simply walking games allow players accumulate experience points similar found role playing games unlock new weapons abilities level design person shooters structurally composed levels use technique continuous narrative game leaves person perspective feature large environments divided levels explored freely person shooters protagonists interact environment varying degrees basics doors problem solving puzzles based variety interactive objects games player damage environment varying degrees common device use barrels containing explosive material player shoot destroying nearby enemies games feature environments extensively allowing additional visual effects game world use science fiction historic particularly world war modern military themes antagonists aliens monsters terrorists soldiers types games feature multiple difficulty settings harder modes enemies tougher aggressive damage power ups limited easier modes player succeed reaction times difficult settings necessary levels trial error multiplayer person shooters feature multiplayer mode taking place specialized levels games designed specifically multiplayer gaming limited single player modes player competes game controlled characters termed massively multiplayer online person shooters allow thousands players compete persistent world large scale multiplayer games allow multiple squads leaders issuing commands commander controlling team overall strategy multiplayer games variety different styles match classic types team based variant players score points killing players characters capture flag teams attempt penetrate opposing base capture flag return base whilst preventing team game modes involve attempting capture enemy bases areas map attempting hold object long possible players variations involving limited lives players fight particularly potent power match types allowing players vary weapons health power ups found map victory criteria games allow players choose classes strengths weaknesses equipment roles team history origins 1970s late 1980s earliest documented person shooter video games maze war features foot gameplay evokes modern person shooter games development game began exact date completion unknown documented debut game rudimentary space flight featured person perspective distinct modern person shooters involving simple tile based movement player square square turn degree led detailed combat flight eventually tank developed later 1970s games available consumers tank video game released arcades version game released home computers successful mass market game featuring person viewpoint graphics presented graphics display early person shooters maze early person shooter released featured maze based gameplay character designs similar man displayed person perspective later ported systems including game boy super nes title featured network multiplayer interface relatively minor game despite connecting numerous machines multiplayer mode gained cult following called multi player shooter mainstream system major action game software pioneered ray casting technology enable faster gameplay 1980s vehicle months later introduced advance texture mapping november second game use texture mapping underworld abyss march action role playing game featured person viewpoint advanced graphics engine october developer learned texture mapping phone described texture mapping technique programmer remarked feel motivated example introduced display protagonist hand weapon case magical spells screen previously aspects player avatar visible experience developing underworld possible create series years later rise popularity created software released instant success fueled largely release credited person shooter genre built ray casting technology pioneered earlier games create revolutionary template shooter game design person shooters based today despite violent themes largely escaped controversy generated later doom banned germany use nazi super nes version replaced enemy attack dogs giant rats publisher followed success aliens gold game initially received sales rapidly declined wake success doom released week later doom released refined template adding improved textures variations height stairs player character climb effects lights patches total darkness creating believable environment simplistic levels doom allowed competitive matches multiple players termed game responsible word subsequent entry video gaming game popular multiplayer features began cause problems companies networks play game doom considered important person shooter highly influential subsequent shooter games video gaming general available video gaming system multiplayer gaming integral person shooter genre achieved successfully large scale doom combination violence dark humor imagery garnered acclaim critics attributes generated criticism religious groups commentators game murder controversy emerged perpetrators massacre fans game families victims later unsuccessfully attempted sue numerous video game companies software families claimed inspired massacre released modified version doom engine allowed vertical aiming inventory system store select items release year marathon subsequent sequels set standard person shooters platform marathon pioneered early new features dual dual function weapons versatile multiplayer modes king hill kill man ball cooperative play friendly strong emphasis storytelling addition action star wars dark forces released decided star wars appropriate material game style doom star wars added technical features doom lacked ability look released great based shooters winning acclaim humor based gameplay found game later series treatment women advances graphics exact released seal japanese sharp home computer obscure import title far western market concerned nonetheless fully person shooter innovative platform game mechanics free outdoor environments following year exact released successor playstation console placed emphasis platform elements descent released game player pilots spacecraft caves factory truly dimensional person shooter abandoned sprites ray casting favour degrees freedom shortly release software released anticipated like doom influential genre defining featuring fast paced gameplay instead sprites centered online gaming featured multiple match types found person shooter games today game following player clans concept existed previously lore mud players inspire popular parties game popularity use graphics helped expand growing market video card hardware additional support encouragement game modifications attracted players wanted game create based james_bond film rare released best selling game united_states landmark console person shooter highly acclaimed atmospheric single player levels designed multiplayer maps featured sniper rifle ability perform head shots incorporation stealth elements features position dependent hit reaction animations penalties killing aiming system allowing players aim precise spot screen kind rainbow started popular trend tactical person shooters featured team based realistic design themes based counter terrorism requiring missions planned execution single hit kill character medal honor released started long running person shooters set world war valve half life released based graphics technology initially met mild anticipation went unprecedented commercial success previous person shooters focused gameplay comparatively weak plots strong narrative game featured cut scenes remained person perspective times featured innovations non enemy characters featured somewhat earlier titles strife employ power ups traditional sense half life praised artificial intelligence selection weapons attention detail recognized greatest games time according gamespot sequel half life released influential arguably impressive game tribes released multiplayer online shooter allowing players single match featured team based gameplay variety specialized roles unusual jet pack feature game highly popular later imitated games battlefield series iii arena epic tournament released popular accessible online multiplayer modes featured limited single player gameplay released half life modification counter terrorism theme game later version went far popular multiplayer person shooter computer game modification players competing online time peak online wars return console game unveiled real time strategy game called halo following overhauled person shooter version displayed bought microsoft halo revamped released person shooter launch titles xbox console runaway critical commercial success considered premier console person shooter featured narrative storyline reminiscent earlier marathon series told largely game dialog cut scenes received acclaim characters protagonist master chief alien antagonists sequel halo brought popularity online gaming console market medium xbox live played game years released featured system similar found role playing games multiple narratives depending player completed missions won acclaim artistic style resident evil games survivor attempted combine light gun person shooter genres survival horror elements released highly praised console person shooter incorporated action adventure elements jumping puzzles built series scrolling platform adventures taking massive stride forward person games game emphasised adventure elements shooting credited journalist breaking genre free doom world war online released featured persistent massively multiplayer environment ign said realization environment probably years away battlefield world war shooter released featured large scale battles incorporating aircraft naval vessels land vehicles infantry combat allowed hundreds players compete persistent world promoted world massively multiplayer online person shooter doom released placed greater emphasis horror frightening player previous games series critically acclaimed best seller commentators felt lacked gameplay substance innovation putting emphasis impressive graphics film based doom featured sequence emulated viewpoint action person shooter critically derided deliberately violent acclaimed successfully combining person shooter gameplay japanese horror atmosphere later acclaimed commentators best game year innovation narrative design calling spiritual successor earlier system shock finally games far cry break new ground terms graphics large open ended level design duty modern warfare resistance fall man sequel resistance presented increasingly refined linear levels narratives fast pace duty games bearing resemblance rail shooters reported person shooter biggest fastest growing video game genres terms revenue publishers present researchers showed playing person shooter video games associated superior mental flexibility compared non players players games found require significantly shorter reaction time switching complex tasks possibly required develop responsive mindset rapidly react fast moving visual shift forth different sub duties use motion detecting game controllers particularly wii promised controls precise interface simple literally pointing aim dramatically person shooter technical difficulties functions aiming maneuvering prevented widespread use person shooters user interface combines motion sensitive head sliding foot increase precision level control avatar military person shooter games | First-person shooter | Video games | Video games | Video game genres |
20736_Roguelike | role playing video games characterized dungeon crawl generated game levels turn based gameplay tile based graphics permanent death player character based high fantasy narrative reflecting influence role playing games beneath apple manor game rogue considered forerunner namesake genre derivative games rogue based graphics games popularized college students computer programmers 1980s 1990s leading large number variants common gameplay elements titled better known variants include hack tales japanese series games inspired rogue fall concept games recently powerful home computers gaming systems new variations incorporating gameplay genres thematic elements graphical styles popular typically retaining notion procedural generation permanent death player character indie games like return infinite space binding faster light rogue legacy helped establish use elements genres titles labeled like rogue procedural death reflect variation titles mimic gameplay traditional games like key titles action role playing survival game genres respectively took inspiration gameplay design general gameplay concepts role playing games nearly player control character selecting class race gender adjusting attributes points skills start game character placed level dungeon basic equipment simple weapon armor food following role playing concept dungeon crawl player moves character dungeon collecting treasure include new weapons magical devices food game money having fight monsters dungeon combat performed simply attempting character space monster game damage character monster deal types attacks firing arrow performing offensive magic spell performed defeating monsters earns character experience points earning points character gain experience level improving hit points magic capability attributes monsters drop treasure looted hand character dies lose hit points feature concept represents end game player need restart game newly character nearly turn based game reacting player makes action character allows players evaluate difficult situation monsters pace determine best strategy player generally explore dungeon reveal contents similar fog war include factors related light sources torch provide illumination monsters nearby squares line sight limit monsters visible dungeons tend connected stairs lower dungeon levels generally difficult higher ones character difficulty progressing fast dungeon levels population monsters treasure generated randomly procedural generation game subsequent ultimate goal claiming item located deepest level dungeon defeat specific monster lives level typical include ranking player performance game completing objective based treasure money experience earned fast player completed game cases key features genre broadly encompasses gameplay popularized text based game rogue bore variations success games claiming available steam game catalog user run tracks hundreds development expansion numerous variations theme gameplay elements genre explicitly defined held berlin germany factors encompass known factors definition include games create random tile based levels monster encounters treasure procedural generation new game use based graphics include pre determined levels town level common family player buy sell equipment generated typically incorporate rooms connected corridors degree monster open areas natural features rivers occur considered berlin interpretation early levels bounds terminal screen enabled larger level size portion shown player moved traditionally implement character dies player begin new game game levels procedural generation save game feature provide suspension gameplay state stored session deleted resumption character death players backing stored game data save act usually considered cheating developers rogue introduced feature introducing save function finding players repeatedly loading saved games achieve best results combat system turn based instead real time gameplay usually step based player actions performed variable measure game time complete game processes monster movement interaction progressive effects poisoning starvation advance based passage time dictated actions requires player learn apply tactics progress dungeon generally complex interacting systems allow player complete certain goals multiple ways creating gameplay example locked door player attempt pick lock kick burn door tunnel depending current situation inventory common phrase associated team thinks developers anticipated possible combination actions player attempt try gameplay strategy games focused hack slash based gameplay goal kill lots monsters peaceful options exist identity magical items including enchanted items varies games newly discovered objects offer vague physical description games purposes capabilities left example heal wounds game poison player character items subject alteration acquiring specific traits curse direct player modification exploration discovery learn identity function items high value player use resource management survive items help sustain player food healing items limited supply player figure use order survive dungeon considers stamina decay feature related resource management player character constantly needs find food survive die hunger prevents player exploiting health regeneration simply passing turns long period time fighting weak monsters low level dungeons creators early like infinite space called aspect sort clock imposing type deadline limitation player explore creating tension game single player games multi user systems shared players allow traces player characters appear later game sessions form ghosts grave markings games player characters enemies dungeon multi player turn based derivatives exist playable online early early developed played text based user commonly based computer colleges universities transitioning personal computers games mix characters represent elements dungeon levels creatures items level games typically included text lines presenting player current status screen text based menu screens manage inventory statistics details player character nearly represented text based chosen developers rogue stand examples include monetary treasure dragon later games advantage color based text graphics increase variation creature types red red dragon shoot fire green indicate green dragon shoot acid players use keyboard enter command modern computer systems users developed alternate means displaying game graphical based graphical ends took advantage keyboard mouse controls computers offered advanced user windows point click traditional modified include support having multiple windows useful character based dungeon details character inventory monster battle status messages separate windows having access multiple windows allowed having complete complex commands likes procedural death computers video game consoles capable advanced graphics gameplay numerous games emerged loosely based classic design features games use concepts generated maps moving away tile based movement turn based gameplay gameplay genre action games term like rogue distinguish games possess features exactly meet berlin definition phrase procedural death labyrinth applied games retain notion random level generation lack high value factors normally associated games likes generally shorter games intended single gaming session contrast traditional designed multiple sessions gameplay associated short length likes feature achieving certain goals unlock features ability select new character start game addition new items monsters procedural generation game levels likes feature daily challenges random seed generate game levels fashion player encounters players attempt complete game levels highest score online likes allow player enter random seed directly able set levels share difficult set levels players gamer identified games consider edge cases likes inspired rogue stray bit genre manage scratch great include games series history early history creation games came programmers computer attempting create games nascent computer field early 1980s particularly influenced text adventure game simply titled adventure elements genre present dungeon written system like multi user games evidence early creators access games core games developed independently developers learning respective projects years genre took games initially developed computing environments limited memory including shared systems early home computers limitation prevented developers retaining dungeon levels memory game running leading procedural generation avoid memory storage issue written languages like basic efficient memory data management compared modern languages limiting scope game cover concurrent variants term derives game rogue known game core gameplay elements beneath apple manor written apple beneath apple manor recognized commercial game game inspired worth enjoyment included procedural generation modification random maze generator game role playing elements characters tile based movement turn based combat beneath apple manor rogue popular rogue rogue advantage distributed college students easy access packaged sold hand worth local stores mail early development pre dated rogue sword developed starting game based earlier title created commodore pet shared locally friends student kentucky game based campaign run prior years graduating attending started work required player navigate randomly generated dungeon levels acquire sword surface sword randomly generated levels advanced computers available school commodore enabled expand game highly limited memory pet seeing prospects selling computer software eventually got publication deal helped marketing game renaming sword giving access powerful commodore enabling use graphics sound game game considered success ported rogue release year sword superior graphics sound rogue rogue written students game inspired toy prior experience playing star trek game programming clones computer systems inspired interactive fiction adventure looking way experience adventure came library enabled better manipulate characters terminal screen prompting toy create graphical like adventure game created story game having player seek spelled backwards wizard envisioned created dungeon rogue originally executed computer limited memory forced use simple text based interface game toy eventually dropped school got job computing met arnold arnold helped code implement features game rogue proved popular college students computer researchers time including joked time rogue biggest waste cycles history popularity led game inclusion time source code toy arnold anticipated selling rogue commercially hesitant releasing toy meet create company port games home systems later bringing help following evolution popularity rogue led developers create versions game efforts originally limited lack access rogue source released developers resorted building games scratch similar rogue features wanted versions distributed source code original rogue source developers able create software games adding new monsters items gameplay features creating dozen variants process aided switching code languages better data including object oriented scripting languages cleaning code contributors better follow changes direct variants rogue variants rogue classified branches based key games hack developed spirit rogue based developed student inspired adventure rogue having access source rogue computer administrator restrictions began trying recreate rogue specifically flavored complex underground cave maze stories following fiction player goal descend depths defeat akin boss battle rogue levels persistent player left level tried return new level generated improvement rogue included persistent town highest level players buy sell equipment use data structures language allowed create diverse game got help student helped program deeper character generation system short close variation making game portable larger variety computers fixing bugs developed attending having played wanted expand game working code increased number levels monsters flavored game based massive fortress controlled fiction incorporated creatures described mythology kept difficult creature overcome mid game level final boss player defeat win game graduation sean march took development game public release outside university adding elements giving player sense rewards dangers level entered time released public efforts code fix bugs clean code implement suggestions code numerous shifts maintaining code obligations number potential user suggestions include highly leading number variants known variants exist half dozen active development significant fork short expanded altered theme chronicles amber create tales middle earth later swapped fiction setting new original tales remains development today hack based hack developed help students time participating school computer lab overseen harvey able acquire school instituted course curriculum allowed students wanted computers including playing games long completed assignments end semester woodland met courses close group friends competent programmers harvey invited group computer opportunity use systems introduced rogue inspiring create version class project created list features wanted improve rogue having level layout saved player moved level approached toy arnold local conference source code rogue refused forcing develop routines scratch resulting program hack stayed true original dungeons dragons influences derived hack slash game programming hack recreate rogue having access source code able include desired features involvement hack development concluded students left school provided source code hack conferences distributed digital tapes later discovered built systems like hack code passed hands variants created different hack eventually dropped favor analyst computer hardware manufacture took hack code took opportunity improve suggestions game improvements philosophy professor computer calling began major modifications hack code named new version collaboration game major hack introduction wider variety monsters borrowing including contemporary cultural elements tourist class flash camera inspired series high fantasy setting use pre defined levels procedural elements player encounter deeper dungeons game included branching pathways dungeon optional character based quests grant player extremely useful item complete game released code publicly carefully maintained contribute code base avoid excessive game remain relatively quiet suggested improvements release working relatively secrecy player base separate slash mystery short derived concepts presented originally developed student playing rogue hack came inspired game dismayed complexity elements found unnecessary distracting created scratch aim creating story driven game kept depth gameplay focused theme setting resulting game featured different dungeons generated connected map fictional realm player complete quests dungeons progress game major feature influence chaos forces player close areas affected chaos player character causing detrimental beneficial like gain maintain code implement updates patches avoid excessive variants early readily classified hack descendants developed borrowed concepts hack persistent fixed levels availability shop level general difficulty increasing dungeon level games size multiple play sessions complete aimed completed single session uses fixed time feature player turns complete goal ways jump time extend play limited stamina decay created need feed character failure find food result character death developed late 1980s credited introducing concept genre prior feature appearance remembered odd inventory approach player pick object considering held moving object bag equipment slot created featured skill based character progression system experience points improve specific skills weapon proficiency trap detection fork form basis games onward variation genre came japan primarily mystery dungeon series game series dungeon mystery dungeon based dragon quest series producer stated game directly inspired rogue looking easy play version title developers developed ways reduce difficulty progressively difficult dungeons randomly generated option selection difficulty level date games mystery dungeon series platforms spanning franchises including series based final_fantasy based titles mystery dungeon series popular staple japanese video game market games successful western markets published target players younger players likely experienced games like rogue found lack traditional role playing game save system odd japanese role playing games incorporate random dungeon generation design mimicking nature considered titles published western markets titles include shining soul baroque massively multiplayer online role playing game added randomly generated inspired procedural generation continued development western markets onward new classical variants continue developed western market genre advanced personal computers capable improved graphics capabilities games utilized features popular new graphical games drew influence concepts notably action role playing games like creator acknowledged games like rogue influenced design including nature randomly generated dungeons existing continue developed sequel successfully received crowd funding major release years set help expand game new adhere core rules created including completed short period time developed derived entries seven day examples include games advantage ease developing tile based common example highly popular dwarf fortress uses interface atop construction management simulation serve major inspiration traditional turn based role playing game featuring scripted story uses interface gameplay elements game considered forerunner survival game genre frequently uses procedural generation create worlds players survive developed influenced initial interface similar growth like onward genre saw resurgence western markets independent developers created new designated like indie developers began incorporate elements genres normally associated creating games form basis new earliest cited examples likes infinite space sequel return infinite space digital space exploration games included randomly generated planets encounters digital based work space exploration game like wanted provide shorter experience easier replay akin beer games like cave elements common released shortly formation considered major contribution growth indie developed likes developed wanted deep gameplay offered combine ease pick play result platform game incorporating notion player takes explorer character randomly generated underground caves intent create deep gameplay game randomly generated situations driving need player develop novel strategies fly developer stated totally revamped thinking single player design formula success influence developers creating new likes developer binding kenny developers rogue legacy credit approach showing nature traditional apply gaming genres likes developers faster light credited return infinite space influence games earned critical praise success led modern resurgence likes release newfound success likes considered larger trend play board computer games looking rich play experiences described developer popular titles offer games stated thrill risk inherent likes random generation helping player invested fate player character deadly inherent unknown environments gives investment great deal meaning additionally newer likes address apparent high difficulty traditional known newer players able find help user generated game guides possible wide internet accessibility fischer offers players taken independently developed likes tired superficial gameplay spectacle content design titles produced aaa developers publishers particularly smaller indie developers nature procedural generated world allows teams deliver hours worth game content having spend resources development time detailed worlds allows developers devote time building complex gameplay features interacting systems enjoyment like games binding stated incorporating elements game genres difficult overcoming complex tend means found increasingly beautiful deep design allows generate seemingly dynamic experience players time play game getting totally new adventure expansion classical modern like titles interest developing day challenge born developers informally challenging create core novel days submitted judging play public competition continued annually year growing entries | Roguelike | Video games | Video games | Video game genres |
24296_Shoot'emup | shoot shoot known shooter genre video games shoot player character engages lone assault spacecraft aircraft shooting large numbers enemies attacks consensus design elements compose shoot restrict definition games featuring spacecraft certain types character movement allow broader definition including characters foot variety perspectives shoot ups fast reactions player levels enemy attack patterns bullet hell games feature overwhelming numbers enemy projectiles genre origins traced earliest computer games developed eventually released amusement arcades early 1970s creator generally credited genre space invaders premiered japanese arcades shoot ups popular 1980s early 1990s mid-1990s shoot ups niche genre based design conventions established 1980s increasingly specialist enthusiasts particularly japan definition shoot known common japanese shooting games game protagonist large number enemies shooting fire controlling player rely primarily reaction times succeed critics differ exactly design elements constitute shoot restrict genre games featuring kind craft fixed scrolling movement widen scope include games featuring protagonists robots humans foot including games featuring rails screen run gun movement definition games featuring multiple antagonists short calling games featuring shooting combat games critics described game primary design element shooting shoot later shoot ups specific inward looking genre based design conventions established shooting games 1980s common elements shoot ups shooter game turn type action game games usually viewed view perspective players use ranged weapons action distance player avatar typically vehicle constant attack player goal shoot quickly possible moves threatens games player character withstand damage single hit result destruction main skills required shoot ups fast reactions enemy attack patterns games feature overwhelming numbers enemy projectiles player patterns survive games belong fastest paced video game genres large numbers enemy characters typically featured enemies behave certain way dependent type attack formations player learn predict basic gameplay tends straightforward games offset boss battles variety weapons shoot ups rarely realistic physics characters instantly change direction projectiles straight line constant speeds player character collect power ups afford character greater protection extra life upgraded weaponry different weapons suited different enemies games seldom track ammunition players tend fire weapons damage legitimate targets types shoot ups categorized design elements particularly viewpoint movement fixed shooters restrict protagonist single axis motion enemies attack single direction descending screen level contained single screen games called gallery shooters hybrid player freely movement constrained small area screen game meets fixed shooter definition rail shooters limit player moving screen game follows specific route games feature screen viewpoint action seen player character moves screen player retains control examples include captain light gun games rails shoot category category term applied scripted events person shooters duty tube shooters feature craft flying abstract tube technically tube shooters fixed shooters player constrained left right movement mapped shape tube scrolling shooters include vertical horizontal scrolling games vertically scrolling shooters vertically scrolling shoot vertical action viewed occasionally screen horizontally scrolling shooters horizontal shooter scrolling shooter action viewed horizontally scrolling shooters small number scrolling shooters sega feature point view shooters feature degree movement protagonist rotate direction shooters movement firing direction independent movement called twin stick shooters bullet hell literally barrage bullet curtain shoot entire screen completely filled enemy bullets type known curtain fire shooters shooters style game originated mid-1990s scrolling shooters cute ups feature brightly coloured graphics depicting surreal settings enemies newer particularly japanese cute ups employ overtly sexual characters cute ups tend unusual completely bizarre opponents player fight franchise example run gun run gun describes shoot protagonist fights foot ability jump run gun games use scrolling vertical scrolling viewpoints feature movement arena based shooters area based shooters place single screen history origins rise genre exact origins matter confusion video game journalist earliest computer games shoot later frequently cited original genre developed amusement developers remade times arcade game early mid-1970s game featured combat spacecraft seminal created japan shooter genre prolific space invaders pitted player multiple enemies descending screen constantly increasing rate speed game alien creatures inspired war worlds developers unable render movement aircraft turn aliens replaced human enemies moral concerns portrayal killing humans subsequent shoot ups time game set space available technology permitted black background game introduced idea giving player number lives space invaders massive commercial success causing coin shortage japan gaining mainstream popularity america interactive style gameplay enemies responding player controlled cannon movement video game concept achieving high score save player score aliens return fire protagonist making arcade game targets set template shoot genre influenced shooting games released golden age shooters according ign released use colour graphics antagonists considered strong evolutionary concepts space ship games year saw release debut shoot wars notable action game feature supply energy resembling life bar mechanic common majority modern action games featured vertically scrolling backgrounds enemies defender established scrolling shoot ups offering horizontally extended levels unlike later games genre player direction game use scrolling helped remove design limitations associated screen game feature introduced defender integrated gameplay essential manner scramble released scrolling shooter forced scrolling scrolling shooter offer multiple distinct levels released earliest tube shooters early attempt incorporate perspective shooter games ultimately went influence major rail shooters vertical scrolling shooters emerged time released frequently cited vertical scrolling shooter fact preceded games type considered influential convincingly portray realistic landscapes opposed purely science fiction settings allowed player rotate game spacecraft highly acclaimed influential subsequent multi directional shooters sega space rail shooter released broke new ground wide variety settings multiple levels gave players aim high scores saw release gave player greater control choice weaponry introducing element strategy game introduced need player levels order achieve measure success iconic protagonist defined scrolling shoot spawned series spanning sequels following year saw emergence sega forefront series game game received acclaim surreal graphics setting protagonist time considered sega mascot game borrowed defender device allowing player control direction flight earlier early cute type acclaimed scrolling shoot released employing slower paced scrolling usual difficult levels calling strategies beginning acclaimed enduring series emerge period shoot ups featuring characters foot spacecraft popular mid-1980s wake action movies blood origins type released line established upwards scrolling formula later popularized commando commando drew comparisons contemporary critics considered military themes protagonists similar shoot opposed action adventure game released shooter switched scrolling view outdoor areas fully person perspective inside buildings bosses fought arena style battle game featuring variety weapons equipment square early shooter played person perspective followed later year sequel following year glasses year sega thunder blade switched view person view introduced use force feedback created coin arcade game particularly acclaimed multi directional aiming player cooperative gameplay early 1990s popularity bit consoles scrolling shooter genre developers struggling games stand exception inventive heroes treasure bullet hell niche appeal new type shoot emerged early 1990s variously termed bullet hell shooters shooters barrage games required player dodge overwhelming numbers enemy projectiles called consistent reactions players bullet hell games arose need shoot developers compete emerging popularity games huge numbers missiles screen intended impress players provided template new breed cave formed employees including main creator company collapsed type proper shooter games marked point shoot genre began cater dedicated players games difficult bullet hell games inward looking aimed dedicated fans genre looking greater challenges shooter games featuring protagonists foot largely moved based genres popular long running series continued receive new sequels rail shooters rarely released new millennium achieving cult recognition treasure shoot introduced element narrative genre critical acclaim refined design released outside japan remains sought collectors item successor featured improved graphics acclaimed best games genre later released project series spans nineteen years games listed october prolific fan shooter series genre undergone resurgence release xbox playstation wii online services japan arcade shoot ups retain deep rooted niche popularity geometry wars released particular stood releases casual games available service seen share shoot ups like legend lost colony exceed series despite genre continued appeal enthusiastic niche players shoot developers increasingly financially power home consoles attendant genres | Shoot 'em up | Video games | Video games | Video game genres |
25973_Rhythmgame | rhythm game rhythm game rhythm action genre music themed action video game challenges player sense rhythm games genre typically focus dance simulated performance musical instruments require players press buttons sequence dictated screen causes game protagonist avatar dance play instrument correctly increases player score rhythm games include multiplayer modes players compete highest score cooperate simulated musical ensemble conventional control pads input devices rhythm games feature novel game controllers emulate musical instruments certain dance based games require player physically dance mat pressure sensitive pads acting input device title rapper deemed influential rhythm game basic template formed core subsequent games genre sparked market rhythm games japan company music division released series music based games years successful dance mat game title achieve large scale success outside japan numerous game publishers japanese games particularly led development series instrument shaped controllers mimic playing actual instruments spurred inclusion popular rock music series rhythm genre significantly expanded console video game market demographics games provided new source revenue artists music appeared soundtracks later release later allow players play songs real electric guitar rhythm games considered popular video game genres action games market saturated spin offs core titles led nearly drop revenue music game publishers years series announced taking hiatus future titles despite setbacks rhythm game market continues expand introducing number danced based games like dance incorporate use motion controllers camera based controls like existing games continue thrive new business models reliance downloadable content provide songs players introduction new generation console hardware spurred return titles late definition game design rhythm game rhythm action action game challenges player sense rhythm genre includes dance games music based games games genre challenge player press buttons precise times screen shows button player required press game awards points accuracy beat genre includes games measure rhythm pitch order test player singing ability games challenge player control volume measuring hard press button songs sight read players usually practice master difficult songs settings certain rhythm games offer challenge similar simon says player watch remember repeat complex sequences button presses rhythm action format games blending rhythm genres entirely comprising collections rhythm games screen displays avatar performs reaction player controller graphical responses usually background avatar important spectators player single player modes player avatar competes computer controlled opponent multiplayer modes allow player controlled compete head head popularity rhythm games created market input devices include controllers emulate musical instruments guitars drums dance mat use dancing games requires player step pressure sensitive pads rhythm games support conventional input devices control pads history origins popularity japan 1970s rhythm game genre roots electronic game simon invented created odyssey game originated response mechanic later rhythm video games players turns repeating increasingly complicated sequences button presses released allows players create music stepping nintendo power pad peripheral nes video game console title rapper credited true rhythm game music based games general requires players press buttons order appear screen basic mechanic formed core future rhythm games success rapper sparked popularity music game genre released themed rhythm game japanese arcades arcade cabinet features buttons similar musical keyboard rubber pad vinyl record surprise hit inspiring change honor game begin experimenting rhythm game concepts successes include features guitar shaped controller game similar multiple colorful buttons pressed franchise continues receive new arcade releases japan strongly marketed outside country allowed red capitalize formula western targeted general japanese arcade rhythm games exported abroad cost producing resulting increases retail prices title featured drum kit controller linked simulated jam sessions similarly concept later appropriated game dance dance revolution released rhythm game players dance pressure sensitive pads order dictated screen instructions game highly successful outside japan unlike games success europe released year groove features similar focus dancing employs conventional input method game contains competitive battles grants player freedom typical rhythm games creators released instrument shaped controllers instead players maneuver protagonist obstacle course pressing buttons correct times game levels generated background music players change audio cds praised unique style simple graphics proved difficult market game released north_america sega released arcades features shaped motion sensitive controllers game allows player gameplay provides spectacle allows players gaming combined traditional japanese drums contemporary pop music highly successful japanese arcades game later released consoles west drum master franchise continues receive new installments japan featured guitar playing protagonist years release game employed conventional guitar shaped controller creator later created rhythm game nintendo utilizes handheld features highly demanded import title led release altered version game west elite beat agents sequel japan popularity west formed computer music group mit beginning company developed music games inspired company released frequency puts player control multiple instrument tracks gamespot wrote game provides greater sense creative freedom earlier rhythm titles frequency critically acclaimed marketing difficult game abstract style removed player ability perform followed frequency similar company later released socially driven karaoke themed music games karaoke revolution respectively gamecube title developed released achieved widespread success nintendo brand peripheral based games small publisher released game inspired instead japanese pop comprises earlier title soundtrack features western rock music game rhythm genre flood dance dance revolution sequels guitar hero spawned sequels franchise overall earned billion installment ranking best selling game north_america followed rock band franchise earned billion titles support multiple instrument controllers cooperative multiplayer allowing players play band franchise followed suit band oriented developed guitar hero world tour guitar hero installments based specific bands published additional songs available purchase internet generated revenue artists work featured games receive royalties increased publicity turn generates sales music success franchises widened console video game market demographics popularity genre drove increased sales consoles reported music games second popular video game genre action united_states players female height music games represented video game market video game industry analysts considered critical year rhythm games believed allow gauge future success genre franchises expanded received entries handheld gaming devices mobile phones specialized titles targeted specific genres demographics pop music younger players released sales music games half year decline attributed fewer purchases instrument controllers assumed players bought controllers analysts expected united_states sales beatles rock band high close exceeding million units month release sales reached roughly half projections failure meet sales projections partly attributed impact recession video game industry ceo considered time expensive video games market analysts considered sign market contributing decline genre franchises retained basic gameplay giving consumers incentive buy additional titles ceo felt aggressive competition brands belief market support franchise contributed decline games result analysts lowered expectations future music games example projections quarter sales guitar hero spin reduced million units sales rhythm games totalled billion reached million analysts predicted market settle healthy million level duty series analyst concluded rhythm game market accounted industry sales decline fallout weakening rhythm game market affected game developers publishers distributors companies categories believed consumers set instrument controllers increase importance software downloadable content sales scaled guitar hero release schedule games reducing number company closed house developers including division paid million following success began seeking substantial investment weak sales sought negotiate new deals music publishers reduce costs rock band series licensed music ultimately company began seek buyer quarter rhythm game developers included new features products example power gig rise support guitar controllers strings contain modes teach players accurate despite new content sales music games guitar hero warriors rock hero sold copies respectively north_america week market sharp contrast sold nearly million units week october music games achieved net sales million fifth genre revenue period analysts believed market likely break million revenue end year end year sales million end rhythm market considered past prime developers shifted focus downloadable content potential integration motion control systems late sold investment backed group allowed continue developing citing rhythm games division february analysts suggested market peripheral based rhythm games remain years sales digital distribution models release new video game consoles era peripheral based music games considered end announced cease regular updates downloadable content april company shifts newer games future directions present introduction motion controllers xbox playstation playstation analysts stated rhythm market thanks band based games use platform controllers dance games dance michael_jackson game based new motion sensing technology industry believe sales peripheral based music games popularity pop music dance based games continue thrive dance games dance boosted rhythm genre sales selling game north_america november games helped genre increase sales november according expected post million profit sales downloadable content game according dance overcame poor critical reception duty modern warfare best seller status dance best selling non nintendo game wii dance series competed action franchises sales installment iphone rhythm series tap tap platform downloaded game tap tap franchise ultimately generated million downloads received record popular iphone game series course phenomenon indie games produced variations genre game jungle rumble uses mechanic players drum touch screen control game different rhythms correspond different control entities like environment game uses mechanic player controls main character soundtrack beat returned core rhythm games successfully funded produce remake ps2 title playstation release expected march company announced released later year plans game platform continued free paid updates downloadable content core social music enjoyment game announced slated late game ground keeping core mechanics button dual position controller recorded footage rock concert taken lead guitarist perspective increase health education rhythm games health purposes example research found dancing games dramatically increase energy expenditure traditional video games burn walking scientists suggested large time children spend playing video games watching television games involve physical activity combat studies found playing dance dance revolution provide terms sufficiently intense heart rate minimum levels max based successful preliminary studies west_virginia highest rates attendant diseases introduced dance dance revolution schools physical education classes according new_york_times schools states dance dance revolution groove plans increase number thousands effort country epidemic governor california noted proponent game use schools japan celebrities reported losing weight playing dance dance revolution drove sales game home console version found losing weight working game evidence games aid weight loss cautioned dance games starting point traditional sports effective dance games rehabilitation fall prevention programs elderly patients slower versions existing games researchers experimented prototypes games allowing wider realistic stepping tapping actions found commercial dance games guitar hero games alongside physical therapy help recovering stroke patients multiple limb coordination titles require drummer worked researchers determine games like address issues child adult stroke patients health mental workplace researchers controller help patients develop new prosthetic limbs patients researchers modified feedback glove work clone fire resulting music game visually impaired players played touch audio mit students collaborated government singapore professor create game allows blind sighted gamers play youth sleep study showed general players played song better hours later period included normal sleep introduced people rock music inspired learn play guitar study found million million children united_kingdom begun learning play real instruments playing music video games group believes video games incorporated music educational programs guitar teachers reported increase students cite inspiration start learning hand industry professionals inventor practice tool expressed game educational value evidence guitar hero aids rhythm general hand coordination creates false difficulty learning guitar lead students studies conducted survey found majority instrument based rhythm gamers intended real instrument future majority musicians inspired play instruments despite popularity guitar remains popular 1960s musicians critical impact music education white stripes stated disappointed learn video games likely venue younger audiences exposed new works believe people learn play real instruments video game counterparts similarly prince turned opportunities music guitar hero series stating felt important kids learn actually play guitar commentators pointed drum controllers including expanded kit games potentially useful learning creating music real drums | Rhythm game | Video games | Video games | Video game genres |
27951_Lightgunshooter | light gun shooter light gun shooter called light gun game simply gun game shooter video game genre primary design element aiming shooting gun shaped controller light gun shooters revolve protagonist shooting targets antagonists objects light gun shooters generally feature action horror themes employ humorous treatment conventions games typically feature rails movement gives player control aiming protagonist movements determined game games featuring device termed rail shooters term applied games genres rails movement feature particularly later games player greater control movement protagonist light gun shooters employ light gun controllers named function use light sensors mechanical games light guns existed 1930s operated differently video games 1970s mechanical games replaced electronic video games 1980s popular light gun shooters emerged genre popular 1990s subsequent release formula later improved time crisis genre popular new millennium hampered compatibility issues retains niche appeal fans old school gameplay definition light gun shooters light gun games gun games games protagonist shoots targets antagonists objects utilize gun shaped controller termed light gun player aims light gun games feature person perspective distinct person shooters utilize conventional input devices light gun games feature rails movement termed rail shooters term applied types shooters featuring similar movement light gun termed functions use light pulling trigger allows detect light screen targets design targets light gun shooters threatening antagonists criminals terrorists zombies objects bottles games played light gun use conventional input methods deemed inferior light gun shooters typically feature generic action horror themes later games employ humorous self styles light gun shooters primarily revolve shooting large numbers enemies attacking waves protagonist required defend taking cover shooting incoming thrown weapons axes grenades player compete clock games featuring boss battles games reward player accurate shooting extra points power ups secrets games pit player antagonists instead feature elaborate challenges constructed mainly objects testing player speed accuracy conventional games feature types challenges light gun shooters typically feature rails movement gives player control direction protagonist moves player control aiming shooting games allow protagonist cover push button games rails movement altogether allow player protagonist freely game environment feature static environment light gun shooters person perspective aiming games allow player switch person perspective order maneuver protagonist history mechanical gun games existed emergence electronic video games far 1920s light guns appeared 1930s games toy rifle mechanical rifle fired beams light targets wired sensors evolved subsequent decades culminating games company successful game released required player target cardboard ships 1970s mechanical arcade games gradually replaced electronic video games following release dealing powerful blow popularity mechanical games light guns electronic video games work opposite manner mechanical counterparts gun pulling trigger allows receive light screen targets computer light practical purposes mit early 1960s odyssey light gun production nintendo involved light guns popularly video games mid-1980s nintendo loved example sega released arcades broke new ground popularized use shooter games led renaissance popularity arcade gun games game inspired film coffee advertisement coffee grew larger gun sights player shoot approaching targets fast possible acclaimed time crisis released japanese arcades sony playstation console introduced innovations simulated foot pedal pressed caused protagonist cover game light gun controller acclaimed released point blank playstation previously available japanese arcades gun bullet based game featuring unique structure quirky humorous tone game critically acclaimed received sequels playstation console light guns suppressed time massacre attendant controversy video games gun crime late 1980s light gun controllers generally manufactured look like toys painting bright colours japan lacks gun crime found civilians legally guns realistic light guns widely available light gun shooters popular new millennium 1990s new games genre seen old school time crisis house dead franchises continued receive acclaimed installments arcade machine featuring large screens player chairs games attempted incorporate elements person shooter survival horror games use restricted character movement exploration varying degrees success paid homage 1990s arcade gameplay embracing somewhat style light guns compatible modern high definition leading developers experiment hybrid controllers particularly wii remote nintendo wii playstation peripheral time crisis playstation motion control system | Light gun shooter | Video games | Video games | Video game genres |
6493_GomerPyle,U.S.M.C. | american situation comedy originally aired cbs september series spin andy pilot episode aired season finale fourth season parent series ran seasons total episodes distributed paramount began releasing series dvd final season released november hit placing lower tenth nielsen ratings ended run second highest rated series united_states enjoyed continued popularity dvd releases series created produced filmed set california originally set north_carolina stars naive good gas station attendant town north_carolina plays high short fused plays friend played recurring role rival history writers andy credited creating character character based incompetent gas station attendant met named cool writer actor andy cast play performing nightclub horn discovered originally intended appear episode proved popular year given spin produced pilot episode filmed andy aired finale andy fourth season 1960s return mundane comedy viewers wishes television programming cultural fantasy rural oriented comedies gained popularity dominated nielsen ratings like comedies time deep avoided political commentary offered viewers distraction social changes 1960s despite military themed airing peak vietnam war discussed war instead focused innocent simplicity frustration later concern compounded popularity rural comedies 1960s popular played carter ascribed popularity concentration main characters plots built respective personalities program remained ratings run season cbs moved quit desired reach ladder left air hosted variety jim hour showcasing singing rich voice included comedy sketches featured stars told leave felt exciting noted character portrayed sketches turn similarly years finished broadcast run film metal jacket released nickname given private played boot camp drill instructor wrath gunnery sergeant played unable turn idiot perceived incompetence production produced creator producer partnership produced writers writers wrote episodes primary director seasons took role fifth season directors included charge casting directed cinematography theme song composed composed themes shows andy dick van girl filmed camp andy filmed preferred use multiple camera setup comedy programs single camera setup shooting conducted outdoors book goes explained armed forces offer levels cooperation filmmakers marines felt good branch image given total cooperation meaning allowed unlimited access military equipment actors credited episode actually appear episode played left season star good morning world returned fifth season promoted corporal graduating non commissioned officer training played corporal debut second season left fourth guest appearances series reprising respective roles andy denver roles andy appeared reprise original roles played episodes andy played farmer episode price tomatoes played antagonists andy played rival staff seasons carried character fellow cbs series cameo appearance episode list episodes list episodes premise premise similar inspired movie time based mac novel like shows character driven main characters accessible engaging supporting characters eccentric pilot episode gas station attendant joins marines immediately drill instructor sergeant carter referred pilot episode rest series mistakenly addressed sergeant originally situated camp wilson north_carolina setting moved fictional camp henderson california fish water piece like contemporary featured rural characters normal settings like comedies 1960s avoided political commentary especially concerning vietnam war focused instead ensued breaking rules sticking foot mouth themes explored honesty strong family values supposedly inherent small town life according author basic message far simpler corporate suburban lessons compromise role following said merely oldest basic sophisticated sort sweetness toughest modern types author noted represented uniquely american large powerful man physically simple honest nature child animal noted like stories characters nature taken advantage end happiness innocence book watching watching america media communications scholar said illustrated class differences supposedly diminished military training appeared military hierarchy characters played north_carolina good innocent private constantly drill instructor eventually love trust world lead platoon created stereotype rural american according time wears expression mouth like stepping field cow walking disaster area promoted private class run jim played given honorary promotion lance corporal corporal marines played gunnery sergeant kansas drill instructor later platoon sergeant constantly annoyed mistakes audience demand family oriented programming eventually revealed softer carter father figure best friend stated character created cloth actor played ear carter greatly changed season played girlfriend miss seasons appeared episodes role eddie appearances billed private played friend platoon mate left fourth season star short lived good morning world returned final season corporal platoon played corporal serves carter conscience sticks annoyed mistakes stuart debuted second season left fourth season replaced corporal final season played girlfriend debuts season singer nightclub leaves job urging return home north_carolina marry later episode season returns california reveals called wedding end episode reveals wants boyfriend dismay carter duke loses job nightclub finds job record shop ratings media wrote novel based series titled paperback published pyramid released recorded official soundtrack released columbia_records label dvd releases cbs dvd distributed paramount released seasons dvd region episodes restored digitally remastered clearance issues episodes feature cast members singing edited remove performances march cbs dvd released complete series dvd region region released seasons dvd australia | Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. | Media and drama | Television | Other television series, 1960s debuts |
9457_TheJudyGarlandShow | american musical variety television series aired cbs sunday nights television season despite stormy relationship cbs found success television specials featuring star years reluctant commit weekly series saw best chance pull severe financial difficulties production difficulties series beginning series different producers course episodes went number key personnel changes change producers came changes format started comedy variety switched purely concert format popular critics initial variety format star competed fourth popular program television consistently performed poorly ratings fans rallied attempt save cbs cancelled single season guide included series list shows cancelled soon cbs history cbs prior series previously headlined specials network inaugural episode ford star jubilee aired special scale color telecast cbs ratings triumph garnering nielsen rating success led signing year contract network single special aired live episode pact terminated relationship cbs husband manager dissolved agent unable come terms network format special filed million lawsuit cbs libel breach contract cbs filed settled cbs agreed drop claims negotiations began new round specials network specials new relationship aired february entitled special guest starring nominated emmy awards signed deal weekly series december final special titled guests presented march alternately promoted preview pilot upcoming regular series special nominated emmy production year contract series called weekly shows corporation paid episode guaranteed retain ownership tapes allowing sell series syndication said early weekly television series early 1960s financially situation thousand dollars debt having failed pay taxes commercial disappointment film star born meant share profits film eaten immediately successful run television secure financial future episodes episodes initially slated taped new_york_city network initially offered producer job time producing series interested declined relocate west_coast credits included shows approached similarly refused relocate veteran producer director heading sing approached produce direct program based east accepted unbeknownst lobbying west_coast producer job signed produce ultimately producer slot producer retained direct producer question settled set assembling crew series hired conduct orchestra designed earlier martin special signed art director engaged design costumes knew work hired costume guests brought musical arranger write special musical material appear guest program choreography duties taken engaged series regular addition musical performances week guest stars series initial format included recurring segments born trunk taken number star born tell stories business career sing related song tea feature surprise guest van perform comedy sketches guests close episode singing song maybe come obscure novelty song selected cbs objections network wanted bars rainbow included line president cousin running gag substitute different week initially planned east_coast shoot taped studio los_angeles network gone great expense prepare studio including estimated raise stage install separate revolving stage dressing room trailer decorated replica newly purchased home corridor led dressing room stage painted resemble yellow brick road wizard taping commenced june old friend frequent mgm star insistence guest network elected air series production order actually tenth episode broadcast episodes episodes august weeks taping completed shows fired producer president cbs production suspended weeks according book rainbow fired fired writing staff choreographer replacing executive producer shared vision series closer vision glamorous television needed series present conventional light veteran musical variety writers brought agreed serve producer thirteenth episode implemented changes designed sacred cow sacred including jokes issues weight reputation career highs lows introduced new recurring feature guest writing tailored material week guest perform near premiered september run producer episode chosen premiere second completed episode seventh produced episode overall reviews generally favorable supporting role heavily criticized let cast tenth produced episode left episode thirteen intended bill episodes episodes joined selection executive producer revamped format away insulting humor focusing singing comedy elements initial episodes guests briefly featured regular showing home movies hollywood stars dropped episodes ratings continued poor cbs announced cancellation january officially reported exited series explained letter released cbs supposedly advising wanted spend time caring children despite announced cancellation allowed finish season continued tape episodes broadcast final seven episodes taped cancellation notice sustaining comedy variety element simply presented concert solo entire episode musical guests final episodes following specifically fired replaced musician met recently new_york later file suit breach contract write tell book series rainbow dawn patrol air episode aired september featuring guest star seventh taped episodes continue shown sequence series run scored rating reviews largely positive variety wrote mind work week dedication zeal characterized premiere week associates fine san_francisco_chronicle characterized elegant exciting review glowing noting miss fine fine rest needs help negative reviews similar vein focusing particular format writing general cbs publicly responded critiques issuing statement talent chief decided appear sketches play character singing songs standards songs babies told think listening far insecure television exercise judgment knows good scenes network continued addition replacement key production staff constantly format summoned new_york receive bits information touching guests instructed stop van let immediately reviews came taping october numerous episodes featuring van completed taping continue air meaning changes format apparent viewers weeks accordingly reviews format opposed singing continued negative humor continued attract criticism viewers saturday reviewer wrote absurd notion reputation legendary figure imitation variety shows disaster hurts audience rating polls averaging rating half audience represented rating departure producer exit lauded contemporary reviewer idea came late focus changed emphasize performances singly guests format including concert solo episodes remain intact remainder series despite continuing positive critical comment performances ratings remained flat fans formed save committee organized early letter writing campaign behalf series efforts spare cancellation final concert episode broadcast march episode list | The Judy Garland Show | Media and drama | Television | Other television series, 1960s debuts |
14007_Joe90 | 1960s british science fiction television series follows adventures year old boy starts double life turned scientist father device capable expert knowledge experience transferring different human brain equipped skills foremost academic military minds joe recruited win special agent pursues objective world peace saving human life created filmed episode series followed captain scarlet broadcast september april network sixth final productions exclusively form termed final puppet series process combination extensive live action filming case captain scarlet natural proportions opposed design characters successful century previous efforts inception praised aspects level characterisation smaller puppet cast quality model sets special effects critics interpreted spy theme choice child character protagonist kids play bond concept children powers imagination points criticism range violence depicted number episodes absence female characters interpreted inevitable result series composition boy adventure earlier productions century launched number merchandising campaigns based included toy cars comic strips featuring continuing adventures syndicated united_states broadcast 1990s released dvd regions 2000s idea live action film adaptation considered 1960s development plot set near future commonly stated sources point year early 21st century official guide states year based visual evidence events unorthodox shepherd occur year old british adopted son professor mac computer expert simple father son pair live style cottage overlooking waited residing secret underground laboratory mac latest invention big rat record transfer machine capable recording knowledge experience leading experts fields transferring human brain heart design rat trap spherical rotating cage subject seated transfer brain patterns family friend agent win persuades mac services joe big rat organisation joe win operative difference unlimited possibilities offered big rat serving tool completing missions knowledge experience transferred provided joe wearing glasses containing hidden portable storage device brain able carry missions requiring proficiency disciplines flying fighter aircraft performing advanced piano boy suspected espionage joe innocence useful asset comes regarded win special agent reporting commander chief win joe equipped special externally appears school case secretly contains adapted joe assigned contemporary series publicity stated pilot episode joe win london based agent episode project reference big rat documented win file number joe designation explicitly stated originate series ends clip episode birthday selection joe missions presented flashbacks surprise party day character turns like series plot elements include tech rescue operations secret organisations criminal terrorist threats world security example advanced technology demonstrated professor jet air car multiple configuration air based vehicle built prior events series joke win abbreviated form world intelligence network similar wasp acronym appears fictional universe cold war significant time series debut soviet invasion czechoslovakia august ended world government established win successor organisation cia merged formation global network pilot sees joe russian jet fighter expose secrets construction west storyline ultimately revealed speculative fiction example espionage joe perform join win plot twist particular revelation russia west allies future praised academic spirit anderson taking end cold war given work anderson motivated perceived duty rising generation avoid cold war stereotypes stating tried hard cents creating world war despite existence global government intelligence organisation nations earth politically divided western eastern argues similar anderson series capitalized cold war cult secret agent skills defend home enemies unknown recurring antagonist win joe non aligned eastern alliance dominates asia appears episodes attack tiger mission villains international business holiday arctic adventure professional speak slavic accents arctic adventure attack tiger combine threat east hazards nuclear technology joe recover stray atomic ocean floor avoiding enemy submarines tasked destroying eastern nuclear device launched earth orbit contrast episode presents aspects technology big fish joe remove nuclear submarine territorial waters latin american police state production following captain scarlet joe purposely conceived developed different kind series placing narrative emphasis action advanced technology visual effects characterisation spy thriller genre science fiction creator explained characters thought good strongly believed carry action usual massive assistance futuristic hardware explaining inspiration series anderson remembered served assistant editor films wicked lady handling recording tape daily basis use tape anderson connection human brain electrical activities explaining read human brain controlled electrical thoughts stored started story potential process allow recording brain patterns transferring brain magnetic recording material stored transferred tape came naming lead character new series anderson recalled earlier productions surname ninety early proposal colonel selected new protagonist commissioned autumn pre production completed october final episodes captain scarlet filmed principal photography joe ran november mid august puppet stages century studios average shooting period episode weeks case previous series script pilot titled production documentation special agent written anderson wife custom new puppet series couple developed 1960s concept win devised joe special agent cia episodes written contributing scripts hired write joe writing book initially offered script contract filmed episodes big fish occupied post production second feature film development live action film unable producer role captain scarlet instead passed responsibility lane recalls role producer responsible looking scripts effects thing found support anderson long serving collaborator directed pilot served production controller rest series directors included contributed captain scarlet promoted earlier position assistant director replace outgoing christmas themed episode unorthodox shepherd featured location filming extent unprecedented puppet based anderson series production developed incorporation extensive footage live actors long shot intercut scale puppet sequences design superseded heads art department built interior design anderson remembered satisfaction cottage set interior beams lovely soft beautiful construction big rat model entrusted newly formed incorporated company electronics responsible appeared series based end occupied briefly reprised role head special effects construct professor jet air car design concept disappointment anderson commented car looked like piece hardware previously wary canning feared maybe thing bit narrow ideas similar writer filmed history future views jet air car update vehicle appeared anderson series agrees jet air car star vehicle visually comparison beautiful design predecessor featured accurately kind introduced captain scarlet final puppet series simultaneously drive enhanced realism major design aspects started preceding series continued joe main character captain scarlet joe exceptions captain scarlet captain blue new constructed notable exceptions professor sculpted joe sculpted joe puppet child new generation introduced captain scarlet team careful achieve realistic proportions body year old boy appearances previous series regular role new series variety alternative heads created including shane puppet recycled depict supporting characters captain scarlet darker skin colours portray characters range requirements use shooting necessitated main character avoid conflicts resources filming units previous series control manipulated opposed wires feature music opening ending theme incidental music composed responsible music anderson series episodes joe start cold open anderson series main title sequence sees joe sitting receiving transferred knowledge machine sequence accompanied gray opening theme dominated notes guitarist known performing lead guitar recording anderson biography joe theme described piece psychedelic pop art produced late closing credits superimposed images objects joe big rat win badge gun concepts images photographic final versions augmented artwork addition themes tracks pilot special agent gray composed incidental music additional episodes music joe episodes recorded january september starting titles pilot session london olympic sound studios ending final scores recorded gray residence surrey gray compositions occasionally required hiring guest talent piano music featured extensively episode international performed human hands seen close shots joe playing belonged gray son simon lone handed includes recurring harmonica played canadian musician joe soundtrack running pieces released awarding rating stars reviewer comments scores great writing adds gray work perfectly adequate inspired previous releases include rpm record title theme series featuring incidental music voice cast comparison captain scarlet joe features smaller cast voicing regular characters like captain scarlet series viewed english sounding abandoning stipulation dating production puppet cast american established format series principal character square fair skinned male mid-atlantic accent instead manner similar captain scarlet focuses strong american supporting characters year old missions spy win aid knowledge experience captured brilliant invention record transfer big rat realism joe voiced child actor jones actress usually case representation younger characters earlier series subject female casting recalled sounded odd sounded like real little boy suggested finding british kid making repeat lines fashion performance adequate sounded authentic professor joe adoptive father inventor time production davies known acting leading role 1960s adaptation novels distinguished actor contribute anderson series experiencing result earlier role fictional french detective voice acting provided davies opportunity career biography credit mac warm distinguished english tones perfect american voices characters long time friend mac deputy head win london offices joe calls uncle australian actor alexander provided voices second film replacement actor 1960s provided voice puppet character sullivan united_states commander chief win deputy head international organisation penchant jokes american actor resident united_kingdom voiced supporting characters captain scarlet contracted play characters british television harris long suffering unaware mac joe members intelligence organisation anderson voice featured series best known voicing character feature films reason choice unclear coincidence deliberate choice protagonist author novels supporting characters voiced alexander anderson earlier anderson contributors episode morgan credited closing titles files recalls felt honoured asked rejoin production following captain scarlet pink performing davies adding hated way called producers wouldn meet eye forever eyes morgan explains contracted single voice role joe needed voice called shopping called broadcasting united_kingdom starts regional broadcasts late september moving southern shortly series reached channel regions november finally christmas day episode air christmas themed unorthodox shepherd pilot special agent regions broadcast series alternative title series run times regions 1970s transmitted yorkshire region secured itv syndicated run united_states broadcast run syndication later purchased early morning network rights holder cleared programme broadcast condition joe logo title sequence replaced new static version distinguish logo american joe toy brand believed appeared similar broadcast transfers film edited timeslot constraints cold open arranged applicable titles opened episode closing credits permit presenter read viewer birthday cards separate run nickelodeon alterations 1960s material captain scarlet series commenced run sci channel original run regions end title sequence incorporated shot joe win glasses accompanied voice provided actor stating special glasses boy wearing expert short speech intended warn child viewers risk imitating joe exploits erroneously attributed joe region dvd box set special feature reception episode guide anderson series science fiction writer questions mac ethics experimenting joe development big rat subject joe secret agent remarks jokingly presumably child labour laws future attention drawn mac lines end pilot scene considers amusing professor don come crying hurt represents parental responsibility adoptive son observing series subscription wider themes cold war culture powers concludes fundamentally technology violent style introduced captain scarlet evident joe kills enemy grenade project professor drill head subject violence episode director comments unpleasant understood strange sinister hand producer praises series increased humour following dark tone captain scarlet sees family comparison forerunner series great little programme effective characterisation captain scarlet quality scripts musical score connection child protagonist theme espionage writing premise drives fantasy boys years old james_bond writer agrees points audience self identification describes series wish fantasy suggests character joe mirror image target child viewer comparisons later franchises child protagonists fact intelligence agencies films novels noted intimacy series predominantly male voice cast characters suggesting boy adventure episodes feature appearances female characters fact attributes increased demands century feature film productions suggests female absence leaves anderson productions inferior previous effort character primary role episodes grouping earlier subsequent concludes hardly tend loved anderson series ignored half potential audience return standard anderson aspect deterioration previous productions challenges asserted kids play bond theme writing somewhat kid glasses brain thrilling view contested anderson belief series main character increase self confidence young viewers wear glasses suddenly proud common series appearance epithet joe popular term children adults glasses reminiscent joe player repeats 1990s similarities drawn joe prime minister known wearing large writer plot element glasses writing joe simply pair scientific glasses making look like class secret agent cook reads concept child empowerment writing series creates technological youth remarking character joe brain start episode big rat young shown literally technology adds instant access brain patterns big rat joe interpreted development internet decade produced intellectual joe manifestation superior grants power change political world ways adult limitations imagination respect cook holds precursor 1970s television series tomorrow people concerned ideas human children idea cook says evident title longer year old boy instead status capacities multiplied transform agent joe appealing futuristic echo distant year ultimately proven successful previous series anderson anderson related book classics model work scripts praised conceded series failed passing interest anderson fans refers clearly child oriented series technically accomplished anderson stable lesser series spy theme led final series features unconventional secret agent vicar father intelligence organisation contracted bishop acronym operation priest adaptations compilation film episodes special agent attack tiger arctic adventure titled created supervision new_york offices intended boost american syndication sales number composite films productions released stations home video promotional banner super space theater material special agent edited remove framing sequences set bay cottage win headquarters london result joe fictitious mission steal russian prototype fighter appears real assignment year old win agent despite episodes compilation receiving certificate rated 1980s distribution rights productions belonged subsequent sales late 1990s finally merger forms division itv 1990s possibility live action film adaptation idea emerged 2000s magazine variety reported film version planning stages produced disney date film proposal remains developed anderson said negotiations regular meetings nice happens love 70s 80s 90s british pop culture nostalgia programmes broadcast bbc set trailers filmed series previews character joe depicted entering receive brain pattern 1990s household oasis representing comedian character portrayed film wayne world leaving rat trap joe assumed identity big rat subject acts speaks mannerisms edited versions trailers missing bbc included special feature material region release joe dvd box set merchandise authentic 1960s associated media included century toys range comprising friction drive battery operated versions professor jet air car futuristic saloon available joe win complete replica pistol win badge reading special agent given weekly comic ran issues narrated episodes strip form including strips based series champions land giants september merged established anderson tie previously titled century came known issues strips dropped comic new title discontinued favour original 1990s marked considerable interest old series 1960s 70s repeats subject strip series section sunday_times strips reprinted new publication launched tie bbc runs seven issues merged related comic occasion print media include short paperback novels raiders revenge published vhs dvd united_kingdom earliest home releases 1980s controlled channel later branded video released volume series packaged set included special agent attack tiger arctic adventure edited forms compilation film received video releases pal format 1980s 90s vhs releases prints quality poorer original film september dvd box set episodes sourced digital film prints released region component discs released individually intervals september january episodes marketed new volume vhs package north american set debuted july region version appeared october french language release agent english joe special agent hit canadian market dvd releases component episodes joe commercially available form time | Joe 90 | Media and drama | Television | Other television series, 1960s debuts |
18204_MadhouseonCastleStreet | british television play broadcast evening january sunday night play strand written directed production featured young american folk music singer bob_dylan soon major musical star play electronic video cameras recorded film tape known copy play standard practice time despite fact lead actor famous extensive searches bbc partial audio recordings songs sung survive plot play set english boarding house locks room leaving note stating decided retire world world changed sister try establish problem action punctuated songs performed bob_dylan production commissioned sunday night play strand running play written wrote films funeral berlin directed seen bob_dylan performing new_york_city december year contracted come london weeks star castle street spite complete lack acting training experience performer trip outside north_america originally supposed played leading role play rehearsals apparent lacked ability learn lines stating express song time keeping smoke keen include jones structured play create characters original hired perform actor hired play main acting role performed songs commenting action manner greek chorus new character bobby essentially playing conclusion play performed wind major public performances song play planned recorded session december overran technical operating manager told cast crew home willing complete filming london grip major possible arrange session january play completed transmitted january cast information reverend songs wind opening closing credits replacing song written cut love performed hang hang bird ballad swan heard singing wind spanish pairs early morning whilst singer staying house hang hang bird traditional folk songs altered words jones provided original lyrics ballad swan rewrote performance reception play described times strange free piece man said goodbye world simply shut room reviewer added strange unpredictable world jones aid excellent cast miss miss particularly good haunting songs bob_dylan brought life observer reports play got reviews according folk singer adding reviewer listener noted sat playing singing little usual method bbc television drama production time play produced multi camera electronic studio video cameras recorded film master released copy play known exist photographs scripts production survive amateur air reel reel audio tape recordings songs bbc launched search video recording play audio recordings songs air audio copy exist april bbc broadcast documentary making play arena strand featuring interviews jones collector broadcast songs play november broadcast documentary narrated visit london making play | Madhouse on Castle Street | Media and drama | Television | Other television series, 1960s debuts |
26077_TheSecretService | british children espionage television series filmed century broadcast television southern television created produced eighth century production feature manner similar earlier series puppet characters filming technique known direction wanted increase realism format incorporates footage live actors long distance shots following anderson work 1980s produced series follows adventures father character voiced resembling real life comedian parish priest rural english village fact secret agent bishop covert branch criminal terrorist threats abroad aided junior operative father answers london based superior bishop gather intelligence hostile situation matthew deploy capable people objects fraction normal size carry secret reconnaissance form confuse distract enemies required filming commenced location august production cancelled december financial responded poorly test screening pilot episode fearing successful distribution united_states impossible inclusion dialogue filming concluded january completion thirteenth episode critical reception remains mixed compared previous series range forgotten gem flop commentators questioned wisdom hiring voice actor suggesting potential comedy provided weak sustain interest writing supporting characters praised plot follows adventures father parish priest rural english village affecting appearance eccentric middle aged vicar secret agent bishop acronym operation priest secret division based answering superior bishop stationed agent assisting father missions adopts manner simple supporting characters include blake junior bishop operative father unaware involvement prior events series pioneering scientist professor invented device capable people objects original size death passed father deceased parting gift inside copy regular focus reduces height feet enable infiltrate situations ordinary sized person entry manner puppet life sized sets live actors faces excluded shots shrink enemy agents literally bringing size transported specially adapted fitted equipment stores required open inside hearing aid fact enables communicate wears corresponding unit father preferred means transport revamped issue ford model travel speeds excess miles hour enemies police authorities challenge father form confuse opposition cover matthew represents departure earlier television series account contemporary setting events episodes mercy deadly set february respectively earlier series set writers complete anderson argue setting ambiguous suggest near future observe negotiate country roads space age patrol skies conclude series fantastic isn set real world episodes production completion commenced transmission september decided produce espionage television series incorporate plot device rural english village base operations star secret agent local parish priest anderson selected voice lead character named encountering comedian completed dubbing work film 1940s 50s developed nonsense language distorted words phrases form sounded fact retained fragments meaning recalling radio television performances anderson thought self language suit character eccentric undercover operative produce humour demonstrated confusing effect enemies elaborated far concerned stanley came idea accommodate wasn story called speak question fit storyline strange nature language century writers brief episode plots leave space scripts actor draft dialogue scripted episode hole remarked lot leave gave line going work bizarre character felt way practically premise drew inspiration episode unorthodox shepherd features character aged deaf vicar covers money operation church grounds archer comment wider influence successor series stating continues espionage theme range adventures depict britain siege foreign agents intent stealing secrets following joe anderson originally intended use altogether higher prospective production costs filming new series completely live action decided compromise advantages options mix formats nature incorporated natural human proportions captain scarlet anderson stated progression techniques resulted human beings rendered series like live action shows actors recording live actors long shots solved problem previous productions entailed inducing realistic movement puppet characters century experimented filming special effects live settings film unorthodox shepherd incorporated similar filming techniques church doubled principal setting villain represented location footage size based puppet notes contrast mixing formats procedure adopted earlier series live action shots situations operation machines brief shot living hand inserted new created limited characters father sculptor based likeness based appearance mother bishop characters portrayed appeared earlier anderson series captain scarlet joe example puppet appearance captain scarlet episode cross captain scarlet starred blake refers puppet particular impressive artistic feats produced century puppet workshop describing accuracy likeness voice cast exception voice actors cast contributed earlier series featured voices father aged parish priest based rural england carries secret missions bishop operation priest realism costume wore live action location filming members public confuse real vicar production driving home shooting session costume found held driver stalled seeing clerical said sorry father trouble aged bishop agent paired serves accomplice assignment public life files retained fond memories time stating enjoyed voicing character character captain captain scarlet significant contributions characterisation rural accent assistant right character voice rest matthew followed aged remains ignorant secret double life bishop aged high ranking figure director bishop superior based agent blake cautious junior agent bishop speaking roles episodes question train halt cure supporting character voices provided regular cast exception addition final episodes day day speed filming filming commenced august summer pre production director headed location unit recalled complex series shoot incorporated design elements studio puppet filming studio special effects filming live action location filming reversal practice earlier productions location filming needed completed work start century studios turner elaborated felt somebody location stuff balls shot hand director fit puppet stuff suppose bit programme worked best complications emerged filming producer remembered experience series absolute nightmare scales imagine problems puppet puppet size puppet set having build live action size puppet supposed small man sized environment puppet set locations filming included manor house doubled residence tower building located oxford street london appeared british represented base bishop hospital visits brother gregory episode fact exterior located appeared plant pilot episode case bishop 1960s setting technicians special effects department received commissions scale models vehicles appeared futuristic left vintage ford model main project addition rendering vehicles settings common decade miniature producing optical effects character manufactured size miniature versions differing scales fitting larger car belt driven electric motors folding roof interior remote control mechanism evans remembered location filming involving conducted autumn proved low levels light occasion minutes new footage recorded session subject remote control steering stated remember standing shot having drive road view didn know stopped location unit member hand stop car large went control shooting locations included london left centre right music composer opening theme music contribution include vocal cues chant incorporating church organ percussion accompaniment imitating bach gray developed initial concept initially approached singers provide chant fee demanded placed considerable strain music budget seeking alternative gray hired mike singers provided vocals theme produced impression tones direction archer cite opening closing theme music recorded hour studio session october glorious piece choral opening ending credits sequences incorporate shots doubles parish church father opening sequence shot establishes backdrop fields series title slowly fills screen motion draws inspiration traditional images angels descending heaven titles gray recorded incidental music individual episodes additional hour sessions held olympic studios london november orchestra musicians played tracks feature pilot episode case bishop recording question ran december gray private studios musicians episodes original scores spies train halt remaining episodes tracked original scores previously recorded music anderson series particularly captain scarlet joe question having original score cues recorded case bishop spies final session wrapped soundtrack january series cancellation soundtrack received commercial releases available exclusively members official appreciation society cancellation ordered anderson cancel production test screening pilot episode case bishop december concept grounds audiences united_states confused grade capped production thirteen episodes completed production time screening anderson countered nonsense language inherently questioned grade reasoning cancellation responding chose supposed understand british thought americans don understand difference anderson conceded grade man argue said accept wouldn change mind grade decision knows running mind given ease element removed series probable simply didn like lot seeing lead format anderson grade coordinated transfer production staff century base commencement filming ufo live action series having wanted abandon puppet work live action anderson greeted cancellation optimism remarking live actors started think amazing speak mouths words walk pick things century studios closed january completion final episode speed special effects department expanded workshops disused rooms anticipation new projects ufo broadcast aired southern broadcasting regions original run appearing sunday regular time itv regions boys broadcast time slot repeats ran southern series transmitted remains new broadcasters purchased broadcast series australia saturday reception critical reception negative said favourite series produced directed episodes referred bit weird questioned effectiveness humour production manager verdict strange suppose mixture live action good idea discussing production series website judges premise strange suggests foremost bridge series subsequent efforts live action website point describing mix live action experimental format following live action series authors authorised biography register divergence earlier productions stemming american comprising fewer action sequences consider eccentric series fusion live actors natural conclusion filming technique writers particular praise characterisation ignorance involvement adds comedy example father speaks communications device disguised hearing aid thinks apparently vicar episodes question matthew articles food drink picnic basket train halt plot concerns runaway train received author filmed history future speed describing series finale wonderfully quirky glorious sees plot reminiscent earlier days praising voice acting elderly evaluation argues premise secret agent priest driving car appealed children older viewers disappointed series traditional espionage format writing magazine little obvious appeal traditionally young audience discussing opening theme music remarks younger run mile series sounded like notes opening credits broke tradition having thrilling promise come series look like life work elderly vicar blending live action simply doesn work requires audience terms acceptance case speed points character portrayed live action distance shots stunt actor dressed drag unintentionally hilarious moment illustrates beautifully live action didn work argues contrasting light levels shots alternate format illusion previous series able sustain absence live action cites external influences view work favour continuing popularity earlier productions far frequent repeat runs 1960s popular time come audience away suggests espionage theme attractive potential foreign buyers noting american spy series man cancelled episode aired following year considers making spy series genre biggest problem faced finding audience hand argued light release century live action film preceded ufo format outdated archer express similar concerns expectations new series writing anderson colleagues bit successful producing winning format science fiction author episode guide productions labels dismal describing combination live action completely pointless recruitment bizarre extreme ill considered opinion hardly funny people let children addressing grade concerns american audiences left mannerisms argues character equally viewers considers central premise writing single gimmick series marked death opinion series mistake heights anderson team slipped depths writers paper premise irresistible view blending live action uneasy prior death praised beat nature defending inclusion elements dialogue attempt add new dimension puppet field bit bizarre aren new ideas little odd subject cancellation commented series possibly little bit time contrary guardian challenges idea series arguing british audiences like understanding things episode review published writes plot recall service obvious hazards complete suggesting depiction military super weapon gone rogue episodes previous series warns dangers reliance technology vital plot development episode occurs according brien character matthew returns manual control words machinery subordinate creator stay brien critical limitations puppet cast arguing recurring absence female characters makes members male club regular character opposite sex contributes precisely plot exploring cultural influences historian describes british product reference bishop writes series honours 1960s vogue stories set secret organisations extravagant points cold war noting spy cure russian concluding century series cold war cult secret agent skills defend home enemies unknown labels overall flop media author wrote original novels based series destroyer pseudonym released series disc region dvd box set december digitally remastered picture sound quality special features include audio commentary producer pilot episode case bishop network dvd followed region release june bonus material includes audio commentaries creator transfers original script documents website awards feature rating half stars | The Secret Service | Media and drama | Television | Other television series, 1960s debuts |
6705_Buncefieldfire | fire fire major caused series explosions december oil storage terminal oil storage facility located near motorway england terminal fifth largest oil products storage depot united_kingdom capacity gallons fuel terminal owned largest explosion occurred utc near tank led explosions eventually overwhelmed large storage tanks emergency services announced major emergency fire fighting effort began cause explosion fuel air explosion unusually high strength latest evidence suggests caused deciduous trees accelerating flame degree pressure wave caused remaining air fuel detonate monitored event measured scale news reports described incident biggest kind peacetime europe certainly biggest explosion united_kingdom disaster flames extinguished afternoon december storage tank ignited evening fire fighters left burn attempting provided advice prevent incidents future primary need safety measures place prevent fuel escaping tanks stored added safety measures needed fuel escape mainly prevent forming stop poisoning environment incident explosion fire largest explosion occurred utc sunday december near container explosions followed eventually overwhelmed large storage tanks accounts cloud explosion unusually high strength known fuel air explosion layer explosions heard miles away reports belgium france netherlands monitored event measured scale reported people south london far west miles southern suburb numerous people felt initial explosion subsequent explosions occurred witnesses miles terminal observed flames hundreds feet high smoke cloud visible space far north lincolnshire miles away damage included broken windows buildings including church blown doors entire wall removed warehouse half mile site buildings neighbouring suffered blast damage window blown miles nearby office blocks hit badly window blown explosion ripped working day offices people deaths resulted reports indicated cars nearby streets caught fire roof house blown buildings vicinity evacuated police smoke possibility explosions danger structural damage making buildings unstable reported injuries people deemed seriously injured kept hospital breathing difficulties life threatening condition early media reports spoke fatalities persons missing members staff terminal accounted police fire services member parliament area said seven fuel tanks site december affected tanks risk exploding fire spread blaze emergency services announced major emergency huge fire fighting effort began peak times effort consisted fire engines support vehicles fire fighters firefighters called immediately incident began blaze morning december putting measures applying large quantity foam incident occurred close junction motorway led closure setting public exclusion area estimated incident largest single seat fire world fought fire brigade foam supplies sites drawn plans place start foam midnight december delayed minute concerns possible pollution local rivers underlying water sources high volume pumps extract litres imp gal water minute litres imp gal second reservoir miles fire high volume pumps deployed locations serve thirty thousand litres imp gal fire fighting foam minute directed fire hours pumping rate reduced half individual fires reported extinguished midday monday december reported tank fires extinguished tanks extinguished earlier ignited threatening cause explosion adjacent tank led motorway closed public exclusion area widened firefighters temporarily withdrawn risk posed threatened tank assessed operations resumed anticipated fires extinguished night damage occurred storage tanks early hours tuesday morning causing firefighters withdrawn operations resumed midday december fires extinguished largest tank burning bronze command operations ground visited local vicar industrial chaplain supporting fire crews firefighters confident remaining fires extinguished day tuesday december smoke considerably reduced grey indicating water combining smoke reported tank fires extinguished smaller fires persisted firefighters involved fighting fire supported brigades entire gold command operation involving agencies emergency services run headquarters garden city distance fire fire broke early morning december firefighters view leave risk petroleum exploding better allow fire contained burn deputy chief stated escaping petroleum likely cause original explosion fire smoke cloud black smoke cloud visible satellite photographs drifted high altitude feet reading seen small particles smoke contained low expected cause long term harm issued warnings smoke atmosphere come rainfall night december fire resulted people requiring medical aid mainly day fire symptoms incident members public majority visiting hospitals rescue services attended check ups symptoms emergency workers suffered respiratory complaints half sore days fire high thermal energy highly settled weather conditions allowed rise great height little cross mixing fire reduced intensity reported possible ground level smoke concentrations rise significantly december reported smoke cloud reached northern france expected arrive northern spain weekend investigate smoke cloud research aircraft operated jointly flights december flight edge followed south coast england carbon nitrogen concentrations found low particles major component cloud second flight went centre obtain data help emergency teams reactions response evacuations hundreds homes area evacuated people find alternative accommodation emergency services asked residents smoke affected areas close windows doors stay inside advised people houses smashed windows seek refuge friends family nearby possible people homes damaged blast placed hotels stayed nearby shopping centre total operator depot set people properties damaged explosion called local authorities provide accommodation help concerns public safety resulted schools libraries public buildings closing december police local authorities advised residents consult direct website date information seventy schools borough closed december limited number schools advice schools mile radius incident site closed concerns surrounding effect smoke children health schools reopened normal december transport disruption incident occurred close junction motorway motorway shut junctions miles shortly incident roads vicinity including short motorway road closed local petrol stations reported long people started panic buying spokesman gave assurances petrol shortage likely result incident oil terminal supplied airport fuel fire airport start fuel long haul flights australia far_east south_africa intermediate stop airport european airports refuel short haul operators asked fuel aircraft round trip flying aircraft allowed fuel normally board fuel shortages continued months explosion business disruption industrial area worst affected buildings headquarters building buildings badly damaged rendered completely demolition building began soon june completely removed site buildings closest blast surrounding north building west buildings south extensively damaged buildings designated demolition required major repairs result destruction equipment building websites hosted inaccessible including labour_party cambridge affected system dealing replaced days manual system number companies affected inability reach premises premises largely unaffected blast criticism expressed local citizens local originally depot constructed away buildings developmental pressures led houses commercial premises built near depot pollution valleys water announced detected persistent toxic fire fighting foam ground water bore hole close site stated water entered public water supply nearby pumping station closed fire precaution chemical known health risk government ban use announcement announced increasing safe level chemical drinking water accused government changing rules suit situation levels drinking water area rise future fuel burned soil impact surrounding land water table limited inquiry government inquiry held jointly started calls public inquiry declined board included lord newton authority fire safety medical expert environment agency staff board aim identify immediate causes explosion consider blame deficiencies prejudice legal proceedings initial progress report february causes explosion summed event immediate reaction emergency services second progress report published april looked environmental impact announcement sequence events caused explosion starting evening december tank north west main depot filled petrol located midnight terminal closed check contents tanks found normal normally monitor level fuel tank fills particular pipeline level gauge tank began indicate level reading despite filled cubic metres hour calculations tank begun overflow evidence suggesting high level switch detected tank shut supply failed operate switch failure triggered alarm appears failed minutes later estimated tonnes petrol tank roof ground inside wall semi enclosed compound surrounding tanks overflow results rapid formation rich fuel air footage showed flowing wall started flowing site near junction rate fuel pumped tank increased dramatically initially fuel pumped cubic metres hour increased cubic metres hour explosion occurred cloud initially metre deep metres spread boundaries site extent damage meant possible determine exact source possibilities include emergency generator depot fire pump system investigators believe caused driver fuel tanker speculated mobile phone felt unlikely explosion widespread effect air quality ground level legal action civil liability total claims filed residents businesses group hoping bring class action march high_court official senior master turner hearing permit class action october including insurance companies small businesses families properties damaged destroyed claiming billion damages court cases resulted explosion main trial determine liable damage commenced high_court october example loss suffered drop turnover explosions resulting losses company located offices industrial estate metres depot initial trial concluded justice issued summary judgment hearing total agreed cause main trial total claimed duty supervisor time responsible explosion refused admit civil criminal liability incident total argued liable damages reasonably cause destruction march high_court found total liable blast saying satisfied total control tank filling operations depot judgement left company facing damage claims million total appealed judgement appeal dismissed hearing march criminal liability site covered regulations jointly enforced competent authority formed carried investigation following fire april companies accused causing explosion faced criminal prosecution brought defendants total pleaded guilty offences remaining engineering ltd found guilty june found guilty failing protect employees found guilty failing prevent major accidents limit effects pleaded guilty causing pollution enter controlled waters underlying vicinity site contrary sentencing took place july total fined plus costs fined costs fined plus costs fined local called modest fines insulting terminal generally known complex fifth largest oil products storage depot capacity imperial gallons fuel oil storage capacity major hub oil pipeline network important fuel source british aviation industry providing aircraft fuel local airports including airports half complex dedicated storage aviation fuel remainder complex stores oil petrol diesel fuel petrol stations south east england terminal owned seat fire worst damaged section west total store variety neighbouring area causes final report written released february investigation found tank oil storage depot filled petrol tank level gauge employees monitor level manually independent high level switch shut level got certain tank manual gauge stuck independent shut switch meaning tank filled blind petrol filled clear indication level eventually tank filled completely petrol overflowed formed cloud near ground level ignited exploded fires explosion lasted days investigation found level gauge stuck random times tank service august concern maintenance contractors site management independent shut switch fitted critical allow check work secondary meant trap petrol retaining wall tank failed allowed petrol flow drains areas prevent release chemicals environment failed fuel foam entered supplies investigation found secondary designed poorly maintained wider management found investigation contributed explosion management safety checks site found properly followed site staff control flow rates timing inlet sources meaning information properly manage storage incoming fuel overall increased reducing wait times shifting emphasis process operations instead process safety aftermath soon incident stripped provide air quality data passed forms remembrance anniversary service held green sunday december spoke calling public inquiry assurances local hospital maintain accident emergency department community continue build good relationships formed blast reconstruction rebuild damaged parts site relevant approval needed section site good way explosion survived little damage exploring plans future use site indicated number priorities including reopening fuel considering section store aviation fuel distribution centre motor fuel reduced level late total submitted plans reconstruction oil depot | Buncefield fire | Engineering and technology | Computing and engineering | Engineering failures and disasters |
6795_Mr.MonkTakesManhattan | manhattan episode season american comedy drama detective television series monk 30th episode overall series follows private detective obsessive disorder multiple assistant episode monk travels new_york_city attempt discover wife killer solve case death ambassador written directed manhattan shot new_york episode aired united_states june watched million viewers episode garnered mixed reaction critics praising comedy obtained putting monk scenario fears criticizing monk exaggerated reactions setting plot detective adrian monk flies new_york_city find criminal preceding episode criminal whale told monk involved murder monk wife trip monk accompanied nurse police officers captain lieutenant stay hotel ambassador subsequently discovered shot death police captain asks monk help solving murder monk notices ambassador coat damp dry minutes murder ambassador movements day discovering stopped bar arriving hotel try location monk discover ambassador final words meant coat breaks cage office discover dying hospital days left live confronts cage says way allow access monk ambassador murder monk briefly separated group accidentally boarding wrong train reuniting partners notices interviewed screen recent murder wife noticing eating mint bar ambassador seen monk insists ambassador murderer despite lack supporting evidence support theory monk proposes stole wife jewelry stage robbery proceeded bar calling police asserts ambassador wearing essentially identical coats switched accidentally bar rain falls ambassador hotel room subsequently kills switches newly wet coat subsequently report confirms wife ambassador killed gun arrested having solved case monk allowed visit remembers hired man fingers right hand asks forgiveness monk bring turns saying turning moments later says woman killed turning prepares leave new_york having gotten step solving monk important case production manhattan written directed series creator executive producer credited script fifth time series sixth time worked monk episode monk second season entirely filmed produced los_angeles manhattan shot new_york_city march series plot killed years prior episode led monk develop obsessive disorder discharged beginning season executive producer creator said staff felt good idea explore death careful manner mentioned death monk desire find culprit concern burden series reception manhattan broadcast united_states est june according nielsen_media_research episode viewed estimated number million viewers watched program cable television week percent household rating household audience million qualified best episodes season said opportunity cheap laughs able balance monk power lower comedic praised writing saying begin look like choreography good welcome return described los_angeles_times asserted pleasures predictable characters fact clearly staged benefit chicago area praised scene monk dubbing great news deemed terrific example writers come simple situations throw monk turmoil allow identify monk manhattan crowds noise confusion perfect reviews positive writing new_york_daily_news stated idea putting monk new_york sound great paper advantage delightful study contrasts called criticizing premise able balance comedy drama outrageous review considered stunt episode humor forced saying doesn justice considerable chicago_tribune affirmed premise funny writers way play city condition continued saying wouldn bad went solve crimes friday case real stretch excited episode premise prior broadcast new_york_post critical smith said episode producers monk crossing fine line genius insanity transforming hero blown mental patient criticized monk scenes episode plot smith worker panned episode considering monk reactions caricature wrote thing obsessive detective lines murder map act like got pin brain smith called jokes predictable said aren monk fan devices strike altogether | Mr. Monk Takes Manhattan | Media and drama | Television | Monk |
7729_Mr.MonkGetsaNewShrink | new shrink new shrink seventh episode fifth season american comedy drama detective television series monk episode overall series follows private detective obsessive disorder multiple assistant episode monk psychiatrist blaming murder cleaning lady monk prove culprit patients written directed new shrink created following long time desire staff center episode vacuum bag pivotal mystery episode aired united_states august watched million viewers episode generally received critics praise major role led nominated outstanding lead actor comedy series plot arrives office finds arguing following session enter office find building cleaning lady dead patient files scattered captain lieutenant suspect patients responsible says threatened past blames predicting murder decides retire dismissed suspect confirmed monk returns office meet owns business based building carrying milk says utilizing night throws rock window house suspicion patients interview family learn suspects rebellious son monk believes killed thrown rock believe patients involved monk recognizes rock know saw tells monk found session remembers rock came monk goes office shows rock came courtyard access office find milk milk drug dealers use cut heroin monk trafficking drugs probably killed suddenly appears ties chairs loads truck inside truck monk sees broken turkish remembers vacuum bag cleaning office broke contained heroin saw broken realized vacuum bag filled heroin found drug vacuum bag killed spread patient files later threw rock house look like killer patients unbeknownst following truck calls police warehouse grabs gun shelf gestures shoot accomplice vacuum bag destroy evidence makes noise prepares shoot police arrive arrest shoots bullet chest taken away production new shrink written directed idea hiding crucial piece evidence vacuum bag writing table years time episode written writers problem realistic idea use idea actually killer hack victim place limbs self cleaning oven vacuum remains bag filled victim writers saw possibility ideas included hiding valuable bag having killer stalk monk trying recover time decided best method featuring vacuum bag cleaning lady evidence cleaning ladies murder victims previous episodes absolutely necessary wanted episode realistic plot writers believed having maid victim required main character work order personal involvement monk considered cleaning lady good eventually decided maid employee idea having work successful writers looking episode focus led complications writing process days thought monk work solve case realizing monk able clinical detachment eliminated idea instead appear scenes normally stays investigation scenes result monk break office typical thing simply peer sliding glass door opens office courtyard major challenge came production monk new psychiatrist ideas included woman strict nice driven crazy monk monk scream therapy eventual decision came writer suggested armed psychiatrist liked idea required recruit actual armed actor play screen actors guild actually actors waiting audition given reception new shrink broadcast united_states est august according nielsen_media_research episode viewed estimated number million viewers sixth watched program cable television week percent household rating household audience million episode received elected favorite episodes series dvd talk dubbed strong episode said great ign said hardy laugh high level episode highlighted armed mainly interactions monk responsible humor blog critic affirmed tour force comic performance features monk best qualities feud fellow patient mental health reaction new arm broad comedy disliked scene shoot way enjoyed getting attention similarly guide contributor appreciated fact doctor home life explored episode writing variety selected scene monk stages grief best scene episode scene highlighted los_angeles_times said episode felt bit old old writing newspaper stated weakest episode series submitted primetime emmy awards unlike reviewers considered grief scene forced nominated outstanding lead actor comedy series episode lost primetime emmy awards extras episode sir | Mr. Monk Gets a New Shrink | Media and drama | Television | Monk |
10253_Mr.MonkandtheCandidate | monk candidate monk candidate pilot episode american comedy drama detective television series monk introduces character adrian monk private detective obsessive disorder multiple assistant police officers episode monk investigates assassination attempt mayoral candidate envisioned monk went development hell difficulties find actor main role successfully casting series episode shot vancouver british_columbia monk candidate written directed episode aired united_states july watched million viewers episode generally received critics praise performance title character plot past investigator death wife led develop depression obsessive disorder multiple private detective monk investigates murder later shooting occurs campaign rally resulting bodyguard mayoral candidate getting killed incumbent mayor orders captain bring monk case monk supervisor reluctantly monk meets wife advisor walks site assassination attempt occurred discovers volunteer claire campaign goes campaign headquarters questions volunteer volunteer later dies suspicious circumstances enhancing monk suspicion link cases monk assistant suspects wife person ordered husband assassination theory supported fact worth million monk thinks including having affair assistants things monk mind watches news report assassination attempt monk place campaign rally recreate happened day explains assassin hired kill kill bodyguard instead discovered lloyd campaign funds approached bodyguard murdering bodyguard refused carry murder lloyd killed prove theory monk shows photograph lloyd looking direction shooter shots fired monk proves lloyd sight line gunshot echo masked direction shot impossible lloyd known shots coming knew production monk originally envisioned inspector type abc executive learning creator came idea detective obsessive disorder inspired bout self diagnosed obsessive disorder initially considered abc worried audience comedic roles previous work sitcom series revealed casting sessions depressing executive vice president stated looking right actor portray monk casting hell years search producers found actor play distributors abc find lead actor entered development hell situation remained abc executive joined usa recommended monk boss trying change usa reputation muscles network usa president decided charge monk cerebral series wanted cast bring humor passion monk life monk initially interested manager insistence fact pilot director accepted declared pilot strong collaboration character originally written african american great maternal thing crossed east_coast type according cast instead cast audition vancouver british_columbia main cop accepted work aware involvement originally auditioned role deputy mayor cast invited read agreed excited try role sidekick pilot originally developed film written filmed fall vancouver originally shot film changed super budget reasons usa acquired reception monk candidate broadcast united_states est july according nielsen_media_research episode viewed estimated number million viewers household rating rating highest rated program cable television night writing pointed debuted period networks offer competition writer said numbers impressive replaced monk assistant middle season elected favorite episode monk cobra ranking best episodes placed 17th writer new_york_daily_news said pilot establishes character monk establishes perfect tone delicate blend humor tender drama united feature syndicate critic praised direction added monk easy love shines funny fresh alternative summer called fresh funny entertainment_weekly fresh spring breeze middle summer washington_post variety praised breezy storytelling nicely explained brilliant mind sterling characterization review people critic declared probably accurate portrayal gentle keeps san francisco chronicle praised creatively humor sadness news declared pilot episode good theatrical film fact better features funny warm character driven loaded hilarious stated funny scene pilot criticizing writing direction said plot unveiled visually dull way especially present alter wrote monk far bad calling best thing review said major problem trying combine comedy drama detective fiction praised combine deliver appealing television detective john homicide life street gates new_york_times declared breakthrough sorts episode disappointing reason watch monk according gates praised series joke feet said story wise monk makes terribly different shows genre praised portrayal monk monk calling welcome addition eccentric | Mr. Monk and the Candidate | Media and drama | Television | Monk |
18041_Mr.MonkandtheAirplane | monk airplane monk airplane season finale american comedy drama detective television series monk 13th episode overall series follows private detective obsessive disorder multiple assistant episode monk fly faced murder case airplane episode written directed guest starred actors including episode aired united_states october watched million viewers monk airplane received critics earned primetime emmy award plot practical nurse leaves fly new_jersey visit aunt client detective forced fears able live san francisco international airport woman named stands toes kiss husband aboard plane annoying extension cord salesman named little monk fears monk quickly suspicious notices barbara longer needs stand toes kiss forgotten ordered vegetarian meal knows air travel despite frequent claims forgotten speak french old family friend bernard meets board digging convinces monk monk quickly fellow passenger informs monk suspicions bernard appears dead probably heart attack monk guarantee steals bernard cup lighter borrowed beach proceeds burn away wine reveal mysterious liquid flight attendant alerted monk use lighter board lighter glass dumping liquid sink monk calls lieutenant explains thinks happened mistress murdered barbara mistress disguised barbara pilot valid identification card virtually unlimited access hide body construction site airport construction workers poured concrete corpse destroying evidence monk flight lands monk stalls connecting flight paris saying captain paris flight drunk allows construction crew find body shows mistress led away production monk airplane written directed credited second time series stern previously worked monk woman thompson whale discussions series creator writer producers setting episode network required half scenes plane writing staff wanted completely set plane discussion repetition pete repeat joke ultimately usa executives crying laughing hard agreed include scene guest stars nbc wings explore joke casting monk comment wings saw good added guest star created trademark line doesn reach allowed stated way marshall appeared episode talking monk producer wife favorite real life wife stars episode flight attendant appears passenger enters plane ahead monk credit executive producer appears screen reception monk airplane broadcast united_states est october according nielsen_media_research episode viewed estimated number million viewers household rating listed monk airplane favorite episodes series positively received critics ranking best episodes placed 32nd stating title episode says new_york_daily_news declared lots people getting board monk referring guest stars episode guests said subtle silly pleasures episode critic reviewer praised marshall performance tour force guest shot new_york_post deemed true classic said manhattan shame news qualified perfection stressed writing team monk hand village_voice called like device monk fear flying explored point exhaustion 55th primetime emmy awards won primetime emmy award outstanding lead actor comedy series episode | Mr. Monk and the Airplane | Media and drama | Television | Monk |
19644_Mr.MonkandtheActor | monk actor monk actor episode fifth season american comedy drama detective television series monk 62nd episode overall series follows private detective obsessive disorder multiple assistant episode monk link different cases actor hired play film emotionally written directed monk actor guest starred staff envisioned episode imagining possibility monk famous detective episode aired united_states july watched million viewers critics gave positive reception praising specially performance led win emmy award outstanding guest actor comedy series plot man cheating wife woman named finds hidden camera fighting camera kills following day monk announces vacation murder wife later monk goes crime scene investigate informed captain lieutenant film produced method actor set play monk film observe monk tries impress day follows monk investigates case owner shot robbery monk intrigued entered wall stole small money discussing presence harm monk howard monk find crime weapon monk finds found hair gun argues thief stole watch replace person committed crimes later watch film shooting prediction right monk point unable complete sequence setting disorder leaves studio goes monk house know reasons job explores monk files murder monk afflicted monk goes house case sees torn paper prevent reading adjacent restaurant clients drawn wall crime night tried destroy evidence murder scene guard believing monk informs killer arrive car arrest arrived keeping hostage monk enters stops emotionally shaken says saved end talks trip production monk actor written directed concept episode emerged staff working fourth season episode monk astronaut wondered monk famous idea use set actors monk astronaut create episode film recorded case writers wanted create episode focusing film eventually monk actor original script exceeded minutes scene involving child gun toy cut murder weapon year old actor hired scene filmed friends met acted play moon miami starred film big night said main reason choice actor role said funny thing role monk offered big night declined affirmed requested appear monk long time episode rejected schedule reasons guest star episode set direct monk private eye volunteered role actor plays reception monk actor available video demand service june television premiere july est according usa press release episode viewed estimated number million viewers nielsen_media_research indicated viewership million rating usa today called shy compared season premiere figure million usa said watched scripted hour basic cable time slot episode received ign gave score deemed excellent digital fix elected sullivan 49th best television episode year critic called great episode compared episode similar premise wrote newsday toss fascinating terrific emotional partner critics praised performance interactions reviewer commented watching pretend monk pretending sophisticated delight right watching monk nervous ridiculous extremes delight especially appears monk nervous disorder catching contrast reviewers elected best moment episode reaction fact role played woman dates variety example monk fit comedy scenes dramatic ones writer commented watching play laughs shows monk writers opportunity let movie actor share monk insights learned detective help hurt monk highlighted line wanted play character wasn depressing dark england hamlet criticism episode said dependent monk subtle mannerisms absurd degree tries impress actor playing similarly said pushes far today critical excessive overall credibility praised dynamic criticized actor imitating life thing movies gag pretty dry primetime emmy awards won award outstanding guest actor comedy series role episode | Mr. Monk and the Actor | Media and drama | Television | Monk |
23989_Mr.MonkandtheThreePies | monk monk eleventh episode second season american comedy drama detective television series monk 24th episode overall series follows private detective obsessive disorder multiple assistant episode monk brother introduced series request monk investigate neighbor suspects murdering written directed episode guest starred accepted play invite episode aired united_states january watched million viewers monk generally received critics praise performance led win emmy award outstanding guest actor comedy series plot fair woman wins cherry pie kills steals car captain dismisses gone wrong remains suspicious later gets monk brother john leave house thirty years brothers spoken seven years adrian angry called wrote adrian wife died calls adrian suspects neighbor murdering wife crystal heard noticed van gone night asked said flown argentina truck broken adrian notices truck moved recently adrian visit van pretext taking bag flour borrowed van lies wife whereabouts day van wins cherry pie adrian remembers baked cherry away fair skeptical admits pie car police got airline records confirm boarded plane argentina night murder day adrian track van fair pie won adrian explains wife corpse woman arrived collect realized shell gun found believing landed convinces search pie found inside later dinner adrian calling died taken says reason felt guilty running medicine killed blames breaks crying adrian shocked tells fault later adrian van murder realizing shell bag flour house adrian race realizing danger tries flour sees ruse locks door causing van set house fire calls fire department adrian rushes inside resort drag lieutenant arrest found body van flew argentina actually girlfriend end episode reconciled brothers visit grave production monk written directed episode guest starred longtime friends according usa_today graduated previously worked film broadway production play waiting lived working east_coast project executive producers monk time personally contacted encouraged role family declared family likes year old son likes sent episode script acceptance thought liked sound character worked series days precisely remember added reveal monk backstory commented wanted use vehicle backstory monk explore monk comes family situation thought brother character good place start noted monk shows emotion usual family tie remarked fact angry brother good way adrian abrupt sympathetic healthy thing complete saint turn said episode tone oddly touching hard find right tone tony great job mixing comedy drama performance called episode pleasure responding question possible return love character come accept especially don complete emotional breakdown recurring character returned monk goes home monk 100th case reception monk broadcast united_states est january according nielsen_media_research episode viewed estimated number million viewers household rating elected episode favorites twice medicine monk garbage strike mentioned monk medicine monk favorite ones end series selected favorite episode choice dynamic new_york_post wrote finest episodes likely year reviewer called series best written episodes remarking excellent dvd talk appointed absolute favorite episode entire series saying stunning robinson added makes monk look like normal person saying story fun watch brothers solve murder mystery said comedy hint people writer declaring rare brothers portrayed convincingly particularly field light entertainment don afraid episode moments funny pure simple writing star alan_sepinwall compared murder conducts plot plot stated plot series strong suit declared fun right real reason watch nerves witness monk childhood home according sepinwall sydney morning herald called great addition dynamic appreciated possibility return later series 56th primetime emmy awards won award outstanding guest actor comedy series acting episode | Mr. Monk and the Three Pies | Media and drama | Television | Monk |
27469_Mr.MonkandtheManWhoShotSantaClaus | monk man shot santa monk man shot santa tenth episode sixth season american comedy drama detective television series monk episode overall series follows private detective obsessive disorder multiple assistant episode monk labeled media social accused killing man dressed prove innocence written directed filmed august monk man shot santa annual christmas special series episode aired united_states december watched million viewers critics gave mixed reception criticizing monk deceased wife mentioned details given plot fighting traffic adrian monk appointment psychiatrist monk says hates miss sessions daughter emmy clarke monk wife died december years ago come dead stop retired parole officer outfit showers toys street roof furious monk heads hear shots roof monk holding gun shot captain lieutenant arrest monk monk says owner gun shot self defense denies saying monk attacked city reporter monk man shot santa broadcast start harassed conversations soon kicks night employee killed day plans crew execute session monk remembers details shooting monk return roof shooting took place monk remembers bag explains contacted carry museum acting diversion dropping toys stop traffic robbery ruined shot day chosen duty museum time realized hours good carry second killed fill hearing car horns looks sees truck stopped intersection sees realize second progress monk races instructing police leave museum diamond monk runs chases monk pursues monk knocks unconscious arrested diamond recovered immediately goes television praising monk man saved christmas spend christmas eve apartment monk smile group photograph production monk man shot santa written directed airing ninth episode sixth season monk night september monk broadcast entered hiatus january cast staff returned august work second half sixth season called season series associate producer remarked difficult christmas feeling august los_angeles found difficulties company agree toys thrown nice staff idea close episode choir children singing monk theme jungle additionally feature wide shot entire cast crew involved seasons series network studio executives guest stars directors theme singer centerpiece howard son scheduling issues bring previously appeared season episode traffic returned notable guest appearance according ign monk man shot santa monk lawyer reception monk man shot santa broadcast united_states est december regular channel aired est day according nielsen_media_research episode viewed estimated million viewers making tenth watched program cable television week day watched cable television shows million viewers adults ages million viewers adults ages time shifted viewing increased episode audience total million critic included list best programs air episodes day comparing shot shot burns commented idea monk shooting hilarious arkansas democrat gazette called worth time syndicate deemed exceptional cinema blend said stuff expected christmas themed episode different episode terms story felt laughs definitely worth watching monk throw santa ign excited return christmas special disappointed miller character lack clues mystery surrounding death adrian monk wife despite mentions event episode chicago area stated episode good year christmas special dad mention murder element lost love early monks great vein writing newsday declared opportunity missed death comparing episode dad killed old guy said manages viewers feel holiday spirit tonight monk plot easy figure chicago_tribune criticized episode bit flat | Mr. Monk and the Man Who Shot Santa Claus | Media and drama | Television | Monk |
6933_Grace,Replaced | grace replaced grace replaced eighteenth episode season american television series written directed series producer episode originally aired national_broadcasting_company nbc united_states april actors guest starred grace replaced episode grace job forces work overtime leads feeling neglected result seeks company new neighbor shannon jack annoyed perform community service assaulting meter maid airing nbc moved program success tuesday lineup grace replaced episode debut thursday slot episode generally received positive reviews television critics according nielsen ratings system watched million viewers resulted episode attracting highest ratings season plot feels neglected best friend grace spends lot time work calls grace confirm lunch date grace busy creating interior designs later laundry meets new upstairs neighbor shannon immediately liking day visits grace work introduces leave grace friend assistant tells grace like way acted grace refuses accept karen implies meter maid jack ordered work hours community service picking garbage forced wear orange community service visits karen jack goes trash bag sees soon allen phone bill jack shows karen bill quickly results prank calling soon grace apartment play pyramid friends ellen baker rob grace comes home shocked pyramid record minutes seconds leaving grace horrified called office grace learns sick goes home attend surprised grace tells home leave results fighting fight broken tells work situation grace admits felt jealous believed replaced grace replace best friend result grace production grace replaced written directed series producer written episode 18th directed episode originally aired nbc united_states april airing episode confirmed actress guest star new neighbor grace apartment building episode shannon appearance later guest starring episodes girls interrupted odd lovers attraction gay time reception grace replaced brought million american viewers original broadcast united_states making seventh highest rated week april originally grace aired insufficient viewership nbc decided program success viewers tuned network changed time slot friends episode success attracted highest audience ratings season previous episode secrets lays watched million viewers believed decision good contributor buffalo news commenting time slot change suggested nbc felt better chance success current sitcom report star-ledger said decision airing good benefit behalf nbc program comedy episode received generally positive reception alan_sepinwall star-ledger complimentary grace replaced writing episode winner packed witty dialogue said episode best series far dallas morning news writer noted grace replaced energetic generally amusing episode bark regards jack karen said scenery bear called episode said pop culture jokes delivered speed performances supporting players positive episode reporting episode looked like past story lines past nbc programs chicago_tribune opined episode starts strong goes funny takes level selling internal logic shannon best series works groove pop culture visit way dynasty rolling eyes dismay critics praised shannon performance episode bark wrote talented shannon glossy episode someday soon sitcom bet reported shannon appearance good introduction viewers curious boston_globe enjoyed actress grace replaced writing appealing grace replacement | Grace, Replaced | Media and drama | Television | Will & Grace |
7150_AliveandSchticking | alive alive season premiere american television series eighth season written directed series producer episode broadcast live nbc united_states september performed twice actors evening east west coasts alec_baldwin guest starred alive received nomination performance episode grace having affair married man jack begins new career host new talk tries hide fact husband stan alive faked death troubles mob tries stop boss baldwin dating karen grace creators executive producers favor live episode time served president thought good way final season airing alive received positive reviews television critics enjoyed watching mistakes actors attempts hide laughter live broadcast episode acquired nielsen rating garnered series highest rating demographic february biggest overall viewer total february plot reveals grace karen husband stan alive learned boss alec_baldwin secret agent told stan living faked death troubles mob makes grace promise information breaks promise tells jack later visits apartment warns tell people stan karen arrive meeting karen fond karen asking date accepts tells date karen protecting stan mob grace jack discussing problems grace uses jack history married men legitimate reason affair married man jack tells forget moral role models friends honest jack confesses reason wearing eye patch got eye told friends refused stop singing performance debut new talk entire set accidentally set fire burnt later grace jack decide best let karen know truth stan breaks news karen believes tells karen stan dead giving reports karen admission karen fires leaves apartment explaining stan alive dead production alive written directed series producer july announced national_broadcasting_company nbc season premiere season performed live confirmed actor alec_baldwin appear episode baldwin appearance guest starred episodes season seven playing boss initial decision work plays karen love said let said got went episodes fun work grace creators executive producers favor live episode love idea live episode audience known day work best cast network television said noted live element allow writers changes script right airing episode time served president said challenging live platform launch good way final season discussion episode director episodes commented like classic golden era television audience sees directing live broadcast long business learning live telecast cast mixed emotions plays jack nervous episode hoped cue cards grace loudly revealed technical demands live television mean directing stage floor booth instead noted live television regards live broadcast said starts final season real special way intrigued idea ready happened keeps interesting gives new way revealed writing team notorious script laugh lines actual taping episodes hoped resist urge live episode sure writers interfere broadcasts gut feeling like minutes like know change line locked prior live episode cast shot second fourth episodes season shortly episode injured foot unable walk writers character karen cast ostensibly character recovering operation correct toe alive performed live twice viewers east west coasts different jokes broadcast broadcast east feed aired live second hours later west performances attacks audience member attendance commented bad keeping straight face dress rehearsal system aired revealed baldwin ball reception original american broadcast alive watched million households according nielsen ratings episode received rating share viewers demographic scored series highest rating february biggest overall viewer total february alive finished 21st weekly ratings week september october baldwin nominated primetime emmy award outstanding guest actor comedy series category episode alive received positive reviews fort worth star telegram contributor gave episode rating thought pleasant surprise indication life left added episode feels rapid fire dialogue situations double live edition stunt prove real people mere machines laugh characters jokes sal_cinquemani slant_magazine noted episode showed bit life left added flourish pressure given free jack karen slate magazine reported alive offered chance punch unusually broad sight gags wrote real reason watch episode mistakes actors continued moments like boss making recalled glory days trouble keeping straight face brought fond memories cracking carol sentinel writer commented episode reminded carol seat pants style added episode laugh sitcom network television dvd talk praised baldwin performance commented alive helped series creatively couple seasons fun actors momentarily break character carol certain situations usually involving jack karen makes impossible entertainment_weekly television critic gave alive stars associated_press lauded fun attention grabbing note hollywood reporter said live thing proved good idea alive received positive reviews wrote live episode proved buried dvd talk pointed underlying storyline little wrote live lighting weird sure hair funny break scripts commented baldwin absurd role proving enduring guest stars reported producers wasted baldwin talents supporting role past season clear carry network series concluded grace joke brain dead falls flat | Alive and Schticking | Media and drama | Television | Will & Grace |
7621_TheFinale(Will&Grace) | finale grace finale series finale episode eighth season originally aired national_broadcasting_company nbc united_states watched average eighteen million viewers making watched episode final seasons finale grace falling lasts years child respective partners eventually reconcile children ben meet college karen arch enemy makes offer jack ultimately leads jack fortune episode written series creators executive producers directed filming took place california april cast members took news ending emotional final scene filmed nbc heavily promoted finale main cast members appeared today bid farewell hour long series retrospective featuring interviews cast crew guest stars preceded hour long series finale airing finale received mixed reviews television critics plot heavily pregnant having bizarre dreams future gay friend roommate old couple raising child dream married actor aged explanation money relationship maid grace real life relationship complicated grace sure wants spend rest life living husband shows proposes aware pregnant child immediately accepts years later grace moves leo rome lives year new_york_city raise daughter reconciled raising son ben karen jack grow tired fact grace speaking lure place force meet apartment grace pleasant evening relationship tentative somewhat awkward realize lot changed time met relationship karen learns divorce stan money stan money loaned bankrupt learning business associate broken karen plots jack place jack confesses offered share entire fortune dies blown balcony high winds jack money years later meets ben college grace reunited circumstances children eventually marry jack karen living comfortably older karen like grace dream aged extensive plastic surgery jack perform duet song unforgettable ends grace watching children feeling good old times friends gather bar friendship flashes younger production creators executive producers served writers season season finale wrote script series finale finale stated wrote want happen people love think grace end end adults things matter life end having years series finale created asked opinion like character story come conclusion truth grace serve best way story end find love episode shot california stage filmed april effects grace dream scenes years future artists joined long time director set filming began cast crew tried remain cheerful live audience takes writers gathered room lines potentially larger laughs lot faces set got scene everybody mess started said plays karen portrays commented moment time stood kitchen colorful position standing stirring pulpit place delivered best jokes set broken day filming finished plays grace said like accident scene shock parts gone cast member allowed favorite set took door grace office wanted lean wall house piece modern art given couple pieces apartment leather box desk want find place chose simple portrait walls took small dog said taken cast members took news ending said proud history proud given platform people laugh added taken seriously collective achievement seriously actors satisfied episode thought viewers find satisfying daring ambitious far reaching think people surprised said added think fans satisfied ultimately episode beautifully ties loose ends characters way wonderful broadcast reception series finale heavily promoted nbc main cast members appeared today live kelly bid farewell nbc devoted hour block primetime schedule send hour long series retrospective featuring interviews cast crew guest stars preceded hour long series finale retrospective viewed estimated million viewers finale drew million viewers nielsen rating making watched episode final seasons airing episode received mixed reviews television critics squad thought finale theme grace connection presented director added satisfying friends finale crushing finale series finale moments came original concept friendship close group people moments laugh loud praised finale having characters wild entirety run commented affecting performances episode nicely grace friendship course entire setting finale different time periods criticized critics entertainment_weekly said endure confusing unnecessary sequences grace dream current reality years later kids day college kids impending wedding end instead sad bid relieved disbelief flash forward thrust sydney morning herald wrote time jumping device awkward large noble finale better standard wall america zap2it commented spent seasons lasting friendship grace supposed believe spent years talking lives went different directions way friendship sustained found love life enjoyed jack karen performance unforgettable rest finale | The Finale (Will & Grace) | Media and drama | Television | Will & Grace |
10387_MarryMeaLittle,MarryMeaLittleMore | marry little marry little marry little marry little double length episode american television series fifth season written directed series producer episode originally aired national_broadcasting_company nbc united_states november guest stars marry little marry little include episode focuses grace played accepting marriage proposal boyfriend leo despite known short time married tell friends news despite grace best friend idea grace leo decide host wedding reception grace learns unsettling details leo gives reason wonder mistake episode aired critics worried bringing leo storyline disrupt friendship grace creator believed characters forward lives way sought assure worrying critics individual added mix unlikely replace best friend grace nbc support creating triangle characters stating way producers find new spark series episode aired received generally mixed reviews television critics despite marry little marry little watched million households original airing according nielsen ratings episode garnered second largest audience adults aged nation magazine commented time prime time sitcom showed jewish protagonist grace marrying inside faith plot grace boyfriend leo walk notice tent van parked nearby bride groom ran past eager know happening grace stops van sees asks going tells grace today having massive televised weddings park ratings sweeps week asks grace leo like married leo says yes grace believes sarcastic later realizing leo explains grace originally met park married park leo proposes grace accepts despite known months arriving apartment grace leo reveal friends jack gotten married friends reactions news positive particular grace gay best friend uneasy idea leo grace assure wedding reception honor improves relationship grace leo reception grace learns things know leo including revealed mother eleanor unsettling details leo come light grace uneasy leaves reception leo follows run lobby tells today scrapped wedding segment judge performed ceremony licensed new_york marriage valid learning grace tells leo needs time think relationship leo returns reception announces marriage grace legitimate grace returns reception later reveals want marry leo jewish grace leo wedding place grace learns mother father able walk aisle grace karen suggests walk instead agrees calls declines away prior argument finally escorts aisle wedding reception grace leo jack karen walk enjoying grace leo marriage production marry little marry little written directed series producer episode producers celebrated milestone planning hour long episode followed clip featuring highlights past seasons interview creator discussing lead characters stated marriage problem dynamic characters love grace find jewish love interest relationship actually work grace changed mind time follow interview noted characters forward lives way unlikely grace possible husband displace gay best friend july reports surfaced possible wedding involving grace happen staff allowed reveal musician cast role leo received creators asking appear agreed learning wife favorite according plays grace specific vision grace husband start thought important grace meet nice jewish man happens got said according time prime time sitcom showed jewish protagonist grace marrying inside faith jewish said enjoyed fact asked sing throws character little bit stuff happens great acting thing discussing grace leo relationship commented unlike grace little far feels wonderful playing harry interview discussing characters relationship explained bringing leo making viable potent relationship grace happened think little think love markedly changes grace sexual energy great way shaken things greatest threat friendship grace date grace leo storyline written nbc worried characters forward mature wanted like friends received higher ratings romantic storyline commented episodes season season wanted create continuing story arcs wanted characters audience kind week week november negotiations play series regular originally signed episodes time served president commented creating triangle grace leo brilliant way series new spark confident received audience fans episode filmed days end october beginning november supposed days filming wedding scenes postponed got sick day november rooftop terrace scene filmed november scene shot new_york wedding ceremony filmed actors performed lines studio audience writing staff stood cameras taking notes script watching audience reaction jokes writers stopped cameras added new dialog according cast handled changes quickly scenes routinely redone times actors executed lines properly guest starred episode mothers grace leo respectively played grace mother episode season played mother previous episode needle portrayed episode designed grace wedding dress cost approximately costume designer provided boots worth episode grace jewelry supplied reception marry little marry little brought average million viewers original airing november second largest audience episode result csi crime scene investigation received smallest audience season episode received rating share viewers demographic making second largest audience demographic editor nominated category outstanding multi camera picture editing series 55th primetime emmy awards episode received mixed reception television critics buffalo news commented like episodes comedies little middle holds funny poignant moments including emotional rooftop scene grace defines friendship usa today said bored tears episode dvd talk thought fun episode sports illustrated complimentary came idea cast grace fired writer entertainment_weekly commented leo fits right world grace jack karen guide thrilled idea grace getting married writing called don think star alan_sepinwall commented infected sense despair writers try nasty liners happy healthy relationship cure ailing time emmy winner vice president director consulting firm wondered head grace got married real question critical development going married focus think grace leo marriage long believe married woman husband gay roommate live longer merely special guest status inevitable breakup come obvious sweeps timing ceremony | Marry Me a Little, Marry Me a Little More | Media and drama | Television | Will & Grace |
11217_FagelAttraction | attraction attraction episode fourth season american television series written directed series producer episode originally aired national_broadcasting_company nbc united_states april guest starred attraction episode files police report computer stolen meets police detective douglas takes special interest case undercover know detective jack therapy group grace neighbor shannon opens rival design business stealing grace ideas airing attraction received positive reviews television critics according nielsen ratings episode watched million households original broadcast douglas praised critics performance received nomination outstanding guest actor comedy series category plot following theft computer detective assures meeting attracted instead asking date fear rejection makes elaborate story theft gay theft ring grace showing designs potential client fond work like client reveals promised designer listen ideas grace horrified learns neighbor nemesis shannon designer undercover gay nightclub believes police business gay theft ring actually date planned jack friend sees dancing jack attend gay therapy group dislike leads jack tell knows apartment reveals gay admits having liking wrong tree identifies problem asking men making stories spend time leaves tells face fears suggests grace integrate presentations meeting grace agrees middle grace presentation begins repeating thing grace says leads prompts grace friend assistant pull apart tells violence answer neck rendering unconscious karen tells grace room gets rid body production attraction written directed series producer episode title reference film fatal attraction starred actor march announced guest star playing gay detective attracted role television acting role years role police drama streets san_francisco confirmed actress reprise role grace nemesis shannon fourth appearance negotiations douglas staff approached producers guest spot douglas sitcom executives sought work douglas image management team wanted stretch usual roles believed successful comedy like good way producers said douglas willing story line writers come executive producer creator said great playing person iconic status plays men idea making gay cop shy ask funny interview revealed douglas called producers ask guest appearance big fan opportunity guest star came grab douglas said official website performed live audience great old theater acting muscle experience television sitcom reception original american broadcast attraction watched million households according nielsen ratings received rating share viewers demographic seventh highest rated nbc network week attraction received positive reviews television critics airing reviewers praised douglas appearance plays grace commented hilarious easily douglas played character episode nominated primetime emmy award outstanding guest actor comedy series category episode lost march entertainment_weekly named douglas guest spot fourth memorable guest appearance called douglas appearance unforgettable performance new_york_post commented douglas commanding presence screen steals scene times reported enjoyed watching douglas fun wall role combining alternate lifestyle altered consciousness guide contributor review season said guest appearances actors douglas season sad wrote biggest laughs episode come douglas holds hands dances praised sequence calling episode received positive reviews chicago_tribune wrote episode good great proves stunt casting doesn necessarily work actor script lead performers douglas fine actor basically caricature gay man daily herald wrote idea douglas cast gay man isn lot episode television reviewer news thought role douglas oscar won earlier career reviewer concluded bad episode johnson complimentary shannon far funnier subplot saturday night live grace neighbor shannon funny fun watch isn mere stunt shannon shows guest actor shine paired right character wrote shannon performance displays sitcom cox wrote quality tightly bound surface barely contain bundle writers excellent use having try steal grace flair design cop clients noted grace storyline clear producers like sight women arms mock | Fagel Attraction | Media and drama | Television | Will & Grace |
14011_BackUp,Dancer | dancer dancer second episode seventh season american television series written directed series producer episode originally aired national_broadcasting_company nbc united_states september guest stars dancer include janet_jackson episode jack auditions backup dancer singer janet_jackson order job compete dance fellow named torn going boyfriend staying console grace following failed marriage dancer received generally mixed reviews television critics disliked jackson appearance according nielsen episode watched million households original broadcast received rating share viewers demographic plot beginning episode jack learns audition backup dancer singer janet_jackson audition set singer jack worked position let audition jackson decides like dancers instead originally planned jack guy longest compete dance determine fifth dancer dance jack friend visits support friend sees reveals jack lovers jack karen jack reconciliation affect way tell jack lose dance jack tells karen throw competition dance karen pleads jack lose jack ultimately believing won tells karen win deciding needs dancers jackson fires jack end karen apologizes jack getting fired grace failed marriage leo tries past let best friend tries help avail dinner boyfriend superior officer grace calls believing grace leaves attend shows grace apartment confront telling affecting relationship prompts grace asking choose choose grace long time friend cares episode concludes telling wants work things discuss sees grace wedding album resulting focused album relationship production dancer written directed series producer originally aired nbc united_states september confirmed singer janet_jackson guest star television series recorded lines live audience august jackson role television acting role nearly decades jackson prime time role nbc fame appeared television shows rent strokes good times addition jackson appearance came months super bowl halftime controversy told entertainment news program access hollywood big fan wait join cast stint interview believed plays jack decent dancer thought studied dance funny catch cracking rehearsals funny watch actors jackson tough time set constantly lines admitted easy hoped lines got frustrated mistakes haven like saturday night live read cue cards jackson said dancing easy playing announced actor guest star jack dance rival executive producer revealed subplot episode saying job janet_jackson backup dancer online chat session los_angeles_times revealed reason guest spot knowing writers friends april interview advocate said enjoyed guest spot reception according nielsen system dancer watched million households original american broadcast episode received rating share viewers demographic eighth highest rated nbc network week dancer finished 13th place weekly ratings week september airing episode received mixed reviews television critics preview episode chicago_sun-times said going book cast member guest sitcom favor try getting net settling janet_jackson news reported jackson appearance takes focus regular characters entertainment_weekly commented jackson guest spot time low entertainment_weekly complimentary jackson concluding business playing straight episode reported makes fabulous entrance departs dignity intact contributor wrote season premiere episode hurt season seven singer appeared laugh free guest appearance tonight dancer janet_jackson turn sitcom experience annual countdown best quotes included line like woman kept apart march entertainment_weekly named jackson guest spot number memorable guest appearance | Back Up, Dancer | Media and drama | Television | Will & Grace |
18109_Gypsies,TrampsandWeed | seventh episode season american television series written directed series producer episode originally aired national_broadcasting_company nbc united_states november guest stars include episode reluctantly decides use birthday gift certificate consult psychic future encounters absent minded psychic prediction leaves pop singer songwriter encounters biggest fan jack grace new employee design firm aspects episode focused jack carrying doll singer result doll appearance collaboration staff nbc unit lent producers prototype doll producer noted doll appearance kind forced product placement airing received positive reviews television critics episode watched approximately million viewers received rating viewers demographic according nielsen ratings second highest rating plot grace jack celebrating birthday restaurant present grace gives gift certificate psychic dinner rude particularly grace complains manager ultimately leads dismissal guilty result grace hires new office assistant displeasure karen assistant visits home begins reading leads tell sensing trip intended close getting china hear blond hair woman brown eyes loves reveals gay tells grace occurred leads grace steps kitchen saying broke grandmother china told learns parents send package containing photos deceased dog thick coat blond hair intention knowing future love life tells man end named jack tells grace return visit end named jack frightened idea friend jack gay end finally tells jack psychic said jack jack realize meant stay non romantic relationship promises grace clients instead clients sells grace discovers fires taking advantage jack carries doll singer begins friends doll mainly having seat doll restaurant restaurant jack encounters tells strange talks doll jack believes drag queen annoyed starts leave returns sing turn time convince believe leads finally jack realizing production written directed series producer october confirmed singer songwriter guest star filmed appearance october revealed endings improvised hope cause audience loved gon instead thing supposed sean completely different passed don know possessed announced actress appear later guest star years later result doll appearing episode collaboration grace staff nbc unit collaboration ranged lending producers prototype doll filming episode scheduling web site viewers interested buying doll register purchase following airing reported people logged website requesting mail updates doll creator kept prototype producer interview new_york_times said doll appearance kind forced product placement speculated explaining natural fit jack affection thread running kaiser continued saying nbc saw strength episode storyline understood doll integral episode kaiser said writer originally didn know planned market doll learned working script spokesman nbc commented doll role episode producers thinking lot humor come senior vice president director revealed launching doll meeting mentioned jack character love thought great try include doll plot line episode organic playing exists don think viewer think product placement strategic product relevant audience particularly gay men watch characters jack gay noted pay fee producers nbc doll appear episode television critic revealed nbc want television critics away detail jack time june interview actress plays karen regards appearance said wasn sure appearance flew like sort dropped crescent moon scene like met land drag didn experience person reception original american broadcast watched approximately million viewers episode received rating according nielsen ratings viewers demographic second highest rating episode finished fifth place weekly ratings week november airing episode received positive reviews chicago_tribune regard appearance said grand comic use showcasing talents sean series continues climb tier comedy said role small let core characters shine news said guest spot sort logical place appearance albeit odd sort way pierce continued report jack scene end washington_post said character jack better orlando sentinel called cameo amusing washington_post said laughs script pierce complimentary opining delicious turn psychic different character plays practice imagine contributor said interesting guest episode found season dvd set like episodes series episode shown syndicated version version originally aired version contained international releases | Gypsies, Tramps and Weed | Media and drama | Television | Will & Grace |
20662_DollsandDolls | dolls dolls dolls dolls episode fifth season american television series written directed series producer episode originally aired national_broadcasting_company nbc united_states april singer songwriter madonna guest starred dolls dolls episode prompted meet real people finds peculiar office worker named liz madonna roommate ankle develops habit taking drastic personality change prompts concerned jack intervene interfere dolls dolls received mixed reviews television critics according nielsen ratings system episode watched million households original broadcast received rating share viewers demographic plot following divorce decides like spend time real people seeing roommate needed decides roommate visits liz madonna peculiar office worker individual meeting liz karen intrigued decides roommate bar search men karen liz discover like man prompts fight result longer welcomed bar home liz longer wanting karen karen tries change liz mind avail liz tells karen write check landlord rent unbeknownst liz karen owns apartment building decides want liz tenant building ankle begins taking prescribed doctor relieve pain friends grace jack begin seeing changes personality including going work reacting apartment obsessed day notices bottle gone missing searching knowing grace jack taken bottle believe problem end admits problem promises friends stop taking production dolls dolls written directed series producer originally aired nbc united_states april super sized episode nbc employed sweeps stunt initiate comedy lineup instead usual minute episodes dolls dolls increased minutes announced president annual news tour january singer songwriter madonna appearing episode march madonna taped appearance taping dolls dolls madonna recalled time way set studio audience hard entrance wait long line madonna role episodic television series debut decision big fan interview entertainment news program access hollywood singer revealed manager gave tapes watch liked called good writing enjoyed actress character karen said scenes executive producer told guide sent madonna arrangements english roses invitation appearance informed television set idea tapes past guest stars sent noted agreed appearance long play kaiser admitted madonna nerves real professional set episode played character liz according entertainment_weekly nod long time publicist reported madonna appearance promote album believed guest spot good singer following appearance film film swept away box office disappointment manager insisted madonna guest spot attempt showcase acting abilities reception according nielsen ratings system dolls dolls watched million households original american broadcast episode received rating share viewers demographic episode finished number eighth spot tied april episode fox reality competition american idol finished 13th place weekly ratings week april following airing dolls dolls clip past guest stars aired garnering million viewers receiving rating share airing dolls dolls received mixed reviews television critics new_york_post enjoy madonna guest appearance observing proves attention including going dumb like madonna favors agreeing participate cheap desperate ratings stunt nonetheless said episode delivered lines role liz admirable entertainment_weekly writer ken_tucker noted singer appearance worst fascinating celebrity cameos witnessed tucker said madonna actress defeated madonna movie actress primarily paired pro like screen time recent movie swept away according madonna video guest appearance karen new best buddy reported madonna appearing clearly reprise singer guest episodes artificial wrote cameos sense ability laugh madonna exhibited said guilty pretty poor stunt casting included madonna primary example writing times publication noted new friends opining guest stars season madonna featured airing expected sparks madonna characters episode reviewer wrote madonna stretches play sense humour dolls dolls wrote despite madonna successful big screen happens cut right figure karen roommate writing sharp timing bunch self jokes asked series madonna future complimentary singer commenting pretty good dolls dolls dvd talk complimentary review season writing cast involved lot fun situations guest appearances elton_john madonna march entertainment_weekly named madonna guest spot number memorable guest appearance | Dolls and Dolls | Media and drama | Television | Will & Grace |
23092_Buy,BuyBaby | buy buy buy baby eighteenth episode american television series eighth season written directed series producer episode originally aired national_broadcasting_company nbc united_states march guest stars buy buy baby include britney_spears episode jack talk completely revamped right wing conservatives gay network new owners hire ultra conservative spears new host jack jack deciding stand new bosses desires baby seeing grace happy pregnancy karen decides wants baby offers pay carry airing buy buy baby press release nbc revealed episode include scene spears hosted christian cooking segment called segment met protest christian groups accused mocking jesus network canceled segment criticism buy buy baby received generally mixed reviews according nielsen ratings watched million households original broadcast plot jack learns gay television network employed bought large corporation talk host widen audience favor idea jack agrees meets host britney_spears episode jack stunned realize bought right wing conservatives changes including renamed thrilled idea jack told compromise amber admits jack lesbian merely pretending ultra conservative christian world asks job jack gets board informs guest actor network asked reveal gay tells jack let pushed stand jack takes advice compromise ultimately costs job grace pregnancy prompts baby pays cricket carry child grace idea karen having baby suspects reason having karen dismisses idea cricket begins second thoughts karen following karen strange behavior karen admission husband stanley raise child prompts cricket quit karen revealing grace reason wanted baby help marriage admits thought leaving husband production buy buy baby written directed series producer february confirmed singer britney_spears guest star rehearsed cast february recorded lines live audience february february spears appearance acting performance prime time television television appearance giving birth child september creators thought surprisingly good job march announced actor appear episode support issues coming gay addition actress appears cricket episode aired nbc united_states march according press release buy buy baby released nbc february episode air april thursday day good friday jesus press release nbc said episode include scene spears hosted christian cooking segment called segment met controversy christian groups called jesus according pressure nbc caused nbc cancel segment episode air date nbc stated segment erroneous information mistakenly included press release idea episode written nbc spokesperson stated reference storyline contain christian characterization value viewers regret offended responded claiming network lying claim segment episode statement website read attempt confuse public network issued intentionally misleading statement left impression lied supporters nbc said script written didn tell story board completed offensive material scheduled episode story board contains outline program reason detailed description episode issued nbc initial press release line actions taken online supporters like caused rewrite episode remove offensive segment reception original american broadcast buy buy baby watched approximately million households according nielsen ratings episode achieved key demographics adults eighth highest rated nbc network week airing episode received mixed reviews television critics said spears appearance sydney morning herald commented spears right wing host miss proves talk avoid furniture dimensional character feels like stunt low opinion thing saved episode message finding courage sea sounds chicago_tribune thought spears bombed episode disliked southern accent performance commented granted episode wasn written spears place karen sensitivity herald sun reviewer thought gave final season send deserved said problem spears performance impossible accept role headline self thought appearance fun watch positive spears performance commenting especially remember dismal crossroads trent pink said great spears television researcher author book complete cable shows commented spears role good way comedy type playing celebrity | Buy, Buy Baby | Media and drama | Television | Will & Grace |
24822_Pilot(Will&Grace) | pilot known love marriage episode season written directed originally aired national_broadcasting_company nbc united_states september episode receives unexpected marriage proposal boyfriend gay best friend tries support finally tells making big mistake risks losing friendship situation gets complicated grace assistant gay friend interfere based lives example openly gay based relationship grace real life relationship woman named pilot pitched nbc network positive project concern homosexual subject matter cause alarm sitcom ellen canceled ratings gay airing pilot episode received positive reviews television critics acquired nielsen rating equivalent approximately million viewing households plot episode begins gay lawyer talking phone best friend jewish interior designer lives following day hosts poker game apartment friends grace arrives informs argument long term boyfriend game insists grace spend night displeasure gay friend planning temporarily later office grace tells assistant argument karen tells grace explaining grace good catch staying night grace decides end relationship tries end things receives unexpected marriage proposal accepts proposal grace goes apartment asks blessing attempts supportive decision finally tells right grace informs need blessing going marry regardless shows following day apologize karen reveals grace gone city hall married grace shows office informs left altar takes grace drink find eventually production conception creators based lives openly gay based relationship grace real life relationship woman named originally went national_broadcasting_company nbc told create television series new young love story mad going air character sitcom pitched nbc executives original concept ensemble comedy featuring couples gay man living straight woman executive vice president nbc time excited couples wanted learn gay straight couple sent create pilot script characters nbc went sitcom director thought homosexual subject matter audience interested liked idea read script november decided wanted direct said knew boys captured genre group characters read filming pilot began march actors played grace positive series thought potential television said shooting finished night sitting couch looking said gon set sort hands didn want nbc positive project concern homosexual subject matter cause alarm sitcom ellen aired abc canceled year premiered ratings gay despite criticism abc received degeneres coming episode episode question easier air said added better shot succeeding ellen failed known homosexuality years exploring awkward territory time ellen process self discovery pain gay men fascinating average american commented concentrating sexuality device like line says man woman friends sex gets way want explore happens man woman sex doesn way cast characters said originally going named man staff wanted use names speak exactly essence characters changed true man thought accurate lives life honest way final candidates role rejected wasn gay instead went revealed taking role difficult liked concept gay issues gay having played gay characters times career problem thought character poster boy gay movement like degeneres spokesperson character explained read script hit immediately mean sexual orientation aside like great host relatively funny great friends good friend gay issue wasn big thing actor cast response relationship grace said gay men straight women fun anybody relationships straight guys like jealous fun audience regards character said grace doesn fall categories jewish women strong pretty proud jewish woman revealed originally brought read grace great job performance desperate decided cast role instead time starring abc drama prey meeting convinced wanted role revealed showed home bottle poured shots spoke hours pitched lightweight didn need little end evening said said let talk tomorrow called day inform loved asked mind mind following day called accepted role discussion character said lot confidence relaxed feel comfortable grace character enjoy long time later admitted director reason actor cast cast role jack nbc casting executive saw role indie gay romance film billy hollywood screen kiss sent script attending film festival utah enjoyed script read threw away want spend money plane ticket los_angeles audition weeks later los_angeles sent script decided try audition asked regrets accepting role said truly actor long run don know think things want don know admits love idea people assume gay straight interview entertainment_weekly admitted people believe jack hours day given role karen previously cast series regular ellen life times guest starred shows including worked informed agent want auditions time came feeling like look agent arguing point right thing hadn come initially auditioned role grace admitted want audition karen asked karen voice revealed voice thing said think feeling better pace funnier way didn know karen lot joy bad mood pretty happy think great thing play character karen think joy reception episode broadcast united_states nbc monday september timeslot original american broadcast pilot tied working place ratings week september nielsen rating equivalent approximately million viewing households fifteenth highest rated nbc week aired airing episode received positive reviews television critics said episode class jokes relatively sophisticated san_francisco_chronicle commented direction sharp usual writing average said pilot nicely staged veteran director coming couple producers assisted dream pilot episode hell week best verbal season new thought episode wonderful representation gay man life regardless relationship moment think important american audiences realize gay men simply sexual situations chicago_tribune positive believe hollywood engaging conspiracy sexual orientation americans find look like candy coated poison think hollywood isn moving fast offering sexual look like poison large audience middle audience ready embrace actors performances praised critics thought worked nicely called supporting cast asset praised supporting cast funny wrote play wonderfully lines forth years making relationship believable gay jack adds mix jack good highly likable reviewer usa_today said thought nice life serve love life adviser grace jack know won happen soon nbc called ellen gay stigma gone lengths avoid mentioning sexuality grace period long episode received positive reviews popmatters wrote pilot lays usual showing characters lives demonstrates immediately sitcom major stereotypical gay character stand comic figure reviewer los_angeles_times said right approach homosexuality attitude approaches appearing exist solely device moral authority repeatedly ridicule manner wearing homosexual friend jack labeled thought pilot jokes revolved solely gay stereotypes sexual reviewers skeptical future review said survive brutal time period opposite football grow reasonably entertaining little series man woman sexual interest don bet doomed relationships viewers want probably opt ally | Pilot (Will & Grace) | Media and drama | Television | Will & Grace |
28028_AChorusLie | chorus lie chorus lie sixteenth episode american television series fourth season written directed series producer episode originally aired nbc united_states february guest stars chorus lie include real life members episode jack begins rivalry fellow named owen competing final gay men chorus learning owen straight jack tries help tries pass lover lawyer discovers object pity single valentine day party episode received positive reviews television critics according nielsen ratings chorus lie watched million viewers original broadcast making watched episode history episode garnered emmy award nominations won cinematography multi camera series category plot following audition jack receives informed finalist final auditions chorus jack informed choral director solo sing owen originally intended solo barges sings jack sees owen competition thinks way rid learns owen posing gay man observing gaze woman jack strikes plan owen confess straight invites grace apartment jack plan fails help grace owen grace begins flirting owen ultimately leads making prompting jack barge picture owen tricks pulling film camera destroying proof chorus rehearsal jack owen begin results jack revealing owen straight owen admits despite revelation chorus director tells owen chorus accepts karen invitation date husband prison annual valentine day party karen passes rival word gets working karen weekend prompts women asking services dismay believes lawyer accepting legal clients karen finally reveals telling outraged revelation leaves party makes fun karen partner annual spotlight dance returns dances karen production chorus lie written directed series producer january confirmed actor guest star month announced nbc extend chorus lie additional minutes accommodate network plan compete cbs reality survivor time president said producers approached nbc idea way scripts came long producers asked nbc network handle extra minutes footage commented episode turned great real extra work great development producers know nbc open things like interview san_francisco_chronicle revealed asked appear friend actor plays jack grace enjoyed idea episode agreed appear commented easy character previously played gay character film talented following appearance told chicago_sun-times june like come guest star cultural references grace owen couch grace wearing pair seven jeans according scene prompted effect united_states people seeking jeans label chorus rehearsal jack owen singing chorus begin jack sings owen owen sings tone deaf jack reference song reception chorus lie brought million viewers drew highest viewers history according nielsen ratings episode received rating share viewers demographic episode rating share cbs crime drama series csi crime scene investigation category episode nominated emmy awards won emmy cinematography multi camera series nominated nominated outstanding directing comedy series episode received generally positive reception according american critics characterized best episode chicago_tribune named favorite episodes dvd talk wrote episode hilarious ken_tucker entertainment_weekly noted appearance straight guy posing homosexual competing jack spot gay men choir imaginative ways explores themes like humor doesn core gay characters news positive episode stating plays like bad camp realistic characters like inhabitants lame saturday night live sketch marginally real characters noted extent sex talk karen sexual encounter amazing critics praised performance episode television reviewer sacramento bee noted publicized good gig today commented incredibly charming funny guide review season said weren inspired guest stars straight guy way gay chorus gay detective dance floor photographer grace shoot season sad wales sunday called performance memorable guest appearances history commented held serial scene said episode flies jokes stereotypes sexual good sport ease sitcom films portrays said magnificent episode great experience cast cites chorus lie favorite episodes march entertainment_weekly named guest spot number memorable guest appearance | A Chorus Lie | Media and drama | Television | Will & Grace |
7056_ISO3166-2:SJ | entry standard published standard defines codes names principal subdivisions countries coded exist administrative region consists separate parts norway separate jurisdictions subdivision occurs norway entry currently codes allocation constitute outlying areas norway archipelago arctic midway mainland norway group islands ranges north latitude east treaty recognizes norwegian sovereignty established administration appointed governor volcanic island located border island county governor authority delegated station commander allocation codes occurs norway entry virtue collective code grouped allocated internet country code level domain policy prohibits registration domain forcing institutions connected use norway domain list codes currently subdivisions assigned codes given separate codes norway entry | ISO 3166-2:SJ | Geography and places | Geography | Geography miscellanea |
7781_VoicesofaDistantStar | voices distant star voices distant star japanese hepburn lit voices star japanese original video animation directed written produced japan february advanced screening followed dvd releases april october chronicles long distance relationship close friends soldier attempt communicate course war utilizing text messages years reach recipient licensed release north american united_kingdom licensed united_kingdom adapted drama pioneer novel written illustrated published imprint adapted manga illustrated serialized manga magazine afternoon april released manga shot february manga licensed north american release published august won animation award packaged work won award best media reviews series generally positive reviewers praising series art plot music criticism english dubbing plot named original japanese japanese english recruited fight war group aliens called named region mars encountered special agent pilots giant robotic called fighting squadron attached spacecraft carrier leaves earth search friend original japanese japanese english remains earth continue communicate space mail facilities mobile travels deeper space messages increasingly longer reach earth time correspondence eventually spans years narrative begins apparently city trying contact people mobile telephone wakes planet goes fictional fourth planet system sends mail shows date subject reach years later flashes imagery indicative memory mystical encounter shown room shown beginning animation presented corner pleading let tell loves ship alarm warns surrounding understand climactic battle earth receives message years later carriers equipped warp engines brought expeditionary force destroyed intact joins fight stops destruction winning battle lets damaged drift space manga years old sends message years old telling loves time joined launched rescue mission hears sending help rescue list people mission finds manga ends saying definitely meet production voices distant star written directed produced power mac software june drew picture voices girl holding mobile telephone cockpit said inspired stated production took seven months complete said inspiration frequent sending text wife working cited availability digital hardware software tools image production workplace friends view individual film production occur introduction playstation dvds girlfriend provided voice acting working dub second japanese dub later created dvd release professional voice actors friend worked video game company provided soundtrack song film created timing animation changed match music think theme story communication people cell phones story commonly japan communicate countries people don use cell phones communication heart important assume appealed people thing appealing created animation mass media reported man created anime looking forward people things way seeing emergence independent animators individuals small groups ending theme years far away hello composed lyrics written sung low media voices distant star directed written produced provided voices characters original video released advanced screening february produced dvd release voice actors released dvd april dvd book version story released october july announced licensed voices distant star north american release director directed dubbing film english voices provided released dvd june june recalled north american dvds failed include original japanese tracks released dvd united_kingdom november released collection dvd set containing voices distant star place promised early days september taken license film announced dvd blu ray twin pack releases voices distant star place promised early days film licensed released dvd october film licensed france italy visual russia taiwan streamed voices free hours beginning march celebrate director drama released pioneer june novel adapted illustrated novel published imprint july adapted manga illustrated serialized manga magazine afternoon april released manga shot february manga licensed north american release published manga august manga licensed italy visual germany portugal reception voices distant star film listed 100th dvd verdict dvd films list won packaged work award best media criticized dubbing film said foster critical details completely scenes emotions adds new dialogue original track silence interview foster said changes jokes accessible said animation breathtaking backgrounds equals character designs look paired animator beautifully realized worlds generic appearance fades scene said use lighting incredibly realistic conveys characters moods called characters dvd verdict commended music saying simple score animation meaning solitary piano notes sluggish pianist lacked enthusiasm needed pick fingers action kicks arrives sonic punch speakers rockets scream birds overhead engines quietly wake soundtrack supposed transport world said voice acting remarkable directing solid music competent real animation quality actually equals exceeds excellent television series like remarkable storyline plot written executed gets chance drawn gives equal time slick action sequences handled genuinely touching romance ign said film visually best pieces eye candy seen year ultimately voice track sequence pretty pictures don wrong absolutely beautiful left wanting commended obtaining original computer files create said transfer simply gorgeous colors lush deep saturated bleeding cross coloration non existent minor areas occur real flaw transfer sequences slight simply inherent materials dvds said character designs familiar cross cutting ign said compared film manga healthy additional storylines characters dialogue said artwork brings bit clarity scenes come anime said manga strong storytelling carries good emotional appeal original anime said adds ending character designs strong point slight improvement said art manga toned backgrounds drawn world faces shadow suggesting separation loss pop culture shock wrote manga absolutely beautiful art nicely detailed expressive panel including placement style dialogue narrative text story visually interesting easy follow said spends time exploring feelings appointment revealing characters said stating lot detail backgrounds designs dull warp scenes spectacular anime don impact | Voices of a Distant Star | Media and drama | Media and drama | Animation |
10378_Zaion:IWishYouWereHere | wish wish japanese hepburn episode japanese science fiction original video animation released story set near future virus threatens earth turning humans violent creatures enhanced soldiers fight losing war creatures ensure survival human race series directed written music series composed licensed english language release north_america united_kingdom australia plot story set years american discovers introduced virus molecular structure human body turns victims violent creatures effort claimed percent human population establish secret internal organization international branches creates unit soldiers bodies introduced soldiers wearing engage victims direct combat establish units remote units known multi purpose mob assist missions begin toll ranks soldier voiced japanese english angry learning cure working secret weapon project known unit employing japanese branch weapon unit girl named voiced japanese english able create projected destroy creatures outbreak victims virus fuse larger creature soldiers cure decides ability test projected destroys creature coming contact creatures released recovers injuries blood tests later indicate virus evolved attacking body cure orders arrest escapes takes hostage condition journey powers soldiers catch help escape soon found cure units unwilling hurt decides leave cure soldiers facility infected soldiers victims virus destroyed forced fight cure units sent kill time finds danger asks taken facility realizes feelings projects powers eliminate virus larger outbreak occurs city virus mimic abilities delays creatures advance creates projected uses power purge infected area virus causes collapse exhaustion runs fearing dead alive unfortunately seemingly defeated virus desperately rushes creatures fight end revealed lost ability left organization epilogue shows spending time happy free duties media episode published internet october instances new series introduced internet broadcast television episodes aired later day kids station television network network aired final episodes series november ending theme song series trance released maxi single november song later included compilation release music anime works series opening theme episode released monthly dvd japanese distributor episode released february final episode released licensed series english language released episodes pairs series set released february licensed distribution australia new_zealand released boxed set july reception critical reception wish mixed surface appear merely sci action wrote introduced apocalyptic themes similar found novel film days later according king real story occurs develop relationship begin think technology viral invasion planet focus potential love lonely people trapped labyrinth devoid exit series produced high audio visual qualities designed plausible technical details king praised fitting soundtrack composed incorporated sounds progressive rock contrary anime rated series stars accused attempting rip resort pointed seemingly oblivious general population world concerned invasion trying sort grand social statement succeeded instead making vast majority japan simply look stupid charged rated average criticized series dull bit science fiction admitted wouldn miserable design wasn poorly handled known incorporating experimental animation productions computer animation produced result rendered years ago ancient dos modeling program despite criticisms called soundtrack truck stop pleasure highway pain praised professional english language dub released noted character development consistent comes little blank sheet angst observed overall experimentation computer animation look highly fake place | Zaion: I Wish You Were Here | Media and drama | Media and drama | Animation |
18960_WaltDisneyAnimationStudios | headquartered burbank california american animation studio creates animated feature films short films television specials founded october division studio produced feature films originally founded cartoon studio incorporated studio exclusively dedicated producing short films expanded feature production named live action film studio corporate restructuring renamed animation division renamed subsidiary film division took current acquired disney year existence studio recognized premier american animation studio developed techniques concepts principles standard practices traditional animation studio pioneered art standard technique animated live action filmmaking studio catalog animated features disney notable assets stars animated shorts goofy recognizable figures popular culture today managed manage continues produce films traditional animation computer generated imagery cgi history cartoon studio kansas_city missouri natives founded disney brothers cartoon studio los_angeles got start producing series silent short films featuring live action child actress animated world alice comedies distributed later distributed second disney short subject series animated lucky rabbit starting relocating california disney brothers initially started working uncle garage avenue neighborhood los_angeles october formally launched studio small office rear real estate agency office february studio moved door office space avenue disney deposit new location avenue nearby neighborhood came known distinguish studio locations january studio moved took year worth attempted renew contract taken business marrying wanted force disney accept lower advance payment short disney refused universal owned rights disney set animation studio produce cartoons disney staff hired away disney contract working secret rest staff finished remaining contract disney head animator led small handful loyal producing cartoons starring new character named cartoons previewed limited engagements summer cartoon disney produced soundtrack collaborating musician businessman provided disney sound film process subsequently cartoon disney cartoon synchronized sound major success november debut west 57th theatre new_york_city series sound cartoons distributed quickly popular cartoon series united_states second disney series sound cartoons debuted silly seven disputes finances disney powers led disney studio december signing new distribution contract powers return signed away began producing cartoons studio columbia distributed disney shorts years disney studio entered new distribution deal year disney signed year exclusive deal utilize new strip color film process allowed fuller color reproduction previous color film result silly symphony flowers trees film commercially released flowers trees major success silly subsequently produced early 1930s realized success animated films depended telling emotionally gripping stories grab audience let realization led create separate story department storyboard artists dedicated story development developed characters interesting story silly symphony little pigs major box office pop culture success theme song afraid popular chart hit gathered key staff members announced plans feature animated film despite film industry dubbed production disney disney proceeded production seven animated feature english considerable training development went production seven studio greatly expanded established animators artists fields recent college graduates joining studio work film training classes supervised head animators taught art teacher nearby begun studio greatly expanded orientation training continuing education classes course teaching classes graham animators created techniques processes key principles traditional animation silly goddess spring served experimentation grounds new techniques animation realistic human figures special effects animation use camera invention split animation artwork layers planes allowing camera appear animated scene seven cost disney expensive sum million complete including story development unprecedented success released february assumed distribution disney product seven briefly highest grossing film time success gone wind years later grossing million initial release equivalent dollars production seven work continued series shorts switched time series added major supporting characters dog friends goofy appearing series cartoons eclipsed series popularity garnered seven academy_awards ended new features strike world war success allowed disney build new larger studio burbank remains headquartered day initial public offering april president chairman ceo studio launched production new animated features released february initially box office success box office returns film initial release unprecedented success studio expectations film million cost twice disney million late studio reports film final original box office varying million million critical success winning making film studio win oscar time experimental film produced accompanying orchestral arrangement conducted released november disney series limited seating engagements film cost million produce film earned million engagements high cost theater installing placed greater loss assumed distribution later severely edited versions years despite financial failure subject academy honorary awards february development innovative system create film soundtrack contributions film character animation productions subsequent features late 1970s supervised brain trust animators dubbed old men served directors later producers disney features head animators disney period included development feature animation department created system disney studio lesser animators feature animators assignments assigned work short subjects animators higher status worked features concern accepting credit artists work debates compensation led newer lower ranked animators seeking disney studio bitter union strike began resolved angered involvement july august year set union shop studio employees sent government good neighbor policy trip disney strike aftermath led exodus animation professionals studio level animators artists better known work outside disney studio disney went found studio disney key animation rival 1950s production midst animators strike premiered october proved financial success simple film cost produce half cost seven cost cost eventually grossed million original release august released perform box office million budget grossed million production length animated features temporarily suspended release given financial failures recent features world war cutting overseas cinema market studio loan studio working capital temporarily restricted shorts production production features alice wonderland lady hold war issues affecting studio time included drafting disney animators fight world war necessity studio focus producing wartime content particularly military training civilian propaganda films percent studio animation output military war disney produced live action animated military propaganda feature victory series latin culture themed shorts resulting good neighbor trip compiled features set template 1940s disney releases package films low films composed animated short subjects animated live action material films music fun fancy free studio produced features song south dear heart expansive live action stories included animated sequences sequences combining live action animated characters shorts production continued period goofy cartoons main output accompanied cartoons starring 1950s chip addition disney began previous features beginning releases led tradition disney films seven years lasted 1990s translated studio handling home video releases return features end shorts disney returned production length features length film based fairy tale cost nearly future studio depended success film release proved box office success profits film release allowing disney carry producing animated features 1950s following success production features alice wonderland lady resumed addition ambitious new project adaptation fairy tale sleeping beauty set classic score begun took rest decade complete alice wonderland released met lukewarm response box office sharp critical disappointment initial release released hand commercial success highest grossing film year lady released higher box office success disney feature studio seven earning estimated million north american box office lady significant disney animated feature produced process disney animated feature released disney distribution company mid-1950s attention primarily set new live action films television theme park production animated films left primarily hands old men trust head animators directors led delays production disney sleeping beauty finally released million disney expensive film date produced heavily stylized art style devised artist presented large format super track sound film large production costs box office resulted studio posting annual loss decade fiscal year leading massive studio end decade disney short subjects longer produced regular basis shorts divisions personnel leaving company begin reassigned work disney television programs disney shorts dominated 1930s reign award ended mgm tom jerry cartoons works flat art style stylized animation techniques lauded modern alternatives older disney style 1950s disney short stylized whistle boom won best short subject cartoons oscar goofy shorts ceased regular production continuing converting shorts division shut future shorts produced feature films division disney short golden age animation tough bird disney shorts produced sporadic basis point notable later shorts including starring reduced feature animation final years despite competition attention company grown live action film theme park departments production continued feature animation productions reduced level studio released animated feature popularized use process painting traditional animation animation drawings photo transferred traced paper drawings clear sheets final animation production resulting art style line revealed construction lines animators drawings disney films 1980s film success tenth highest grossing film million disney animation training program started studio development eventually led helping found university formed merger included disney developed animation program study degree offerings alma mater animators work disney animation studios 1970s present sword stone released sixth highest grossing film year north_america estimated million adaptation stories released followed years length compilation feature released died december months studio film jungle book completed released film success finishing fourth highest grossing movie year decline popularity entrance departure rock following disney passing continued producer director features studio began 1970s release film project approved studio founder died left hands alternated chairman ceo overlapping terms rest decade feature produced significantly reduced budget animation previous features minor box office critical successes released success exceeding achievements previous disney features receiving broad critical acclaim commercial returns academy_award nomination ended highest grossing film successful acclaimed disney animated film jungle book film reissued accompanied new disney christmas carol production signaled beginning changing guard process personnel disney animation studio veterans retired gradually replaced new talents new animators animation program trained got chances prove group animated sequences disney live action animated hybrid feature pete dragon animation directed september dissatisfied felt development art animation disney new guard animators quit start studio disney chief competitor animation field 1980s delayed half year group fox released years production film considered financial success studio development continued long adaptation chronicles series novels produced super intended expand appeal disney animated films older audiences showcase talents new generation disney animators new group artists included promising animators fired disney pushing studio explore computer animation production went creative head pioneering computer animation studio begin close association disney late 1980s similarly burton fired producing live action short shelved studio went high profile producer director live action stop motion animated features disney studios burton high profile projects disney include stop motion nightmare christmas live action adaptation alice wonderland stop motion feature remake takeover restructuring return prominence son law president ceo year expanded company film television production divisions creating banner future films feature animation department released series corporate takeover attempts son nephew resigned company board directors launched campaign called successfully convincing board fire miller brought disney new ceo president turn named chairman film division near completion regime took disney come represent later referred rock point disney animation studio expensive feature point million critical commercial failure film million box office gross led loss studio putting future animation division jeopardy 1950s 1980s significance animation disney line significantly reduced company expanded live action production television theme parks new ceo strongly considered feature animation studio future animation intervened offering head feature animation division turn fortunes established produce lower cost animation television named chairman feature animation appointed president animation run day day operations february disney executives moved animation division disney studio lot burbank variety warehouses trailers located miles east kilometers nearby california animation division feature animation new location begun left production critical commercial success executive confidence animation studio later year steven_spielberg released american tail box office highest grossing issue animated film point set changing culture studio increasing production new animated feature released year instead releases accelerated production schedule featured star cast including emphasis modern pop soundtrack opened theaters day universal animated film land time oliver time went successful animated feature date time disney started entering australia long standing animation industry purchasing australian studio start feature animation little production disney collaborated steven_spielberg master animator produce framed groundbreaking live action animation hybrid directed featured licensed animated characters animation studios disney set new animation studio williams supervision london create cartoon characters artists california studio traveling england work film significant critical commercial success won academy_awards technical achievements key mainstream interest american animation film studio produced shorts late 1980s early 1990s beginning successful releases impact animation industry second satellite studio florida opened employees offices located disney theme park florida visitors allowed tour studio observe animators work year studio released little achievement disney history largest critical commercial success decades directed directors little earned million north american box office record studio film built score broadway songwriters producer story consultant film won academy_awards best original song best original score little vigorously profound new interest animation musical film genres feature use developed disney grown commercial computer animation technology development company caps significant allowing future disney films seamlessly integrate computer generated imagery achieve higher production values digital ink paint techniques little series released decade period later designated term accompanied theaters prince disney animated feature sequel studio film fully colored computer caps system film duplicate success little disney animated feature beauty beast begun production london moved burbank disney decided london satellite office beauty musical comedy format similar retained write song score died production completed debuting work progress version new york film festival november wide release beauty directed unprecedented critical commercial success later seen studio best films film earned academy_award nominations including animated work winning best song best original score million box office gross set new records merchandising film including toys cross promotions soundtrack sales lucrative successes beauty established template future disney releases 1990s musical comedy format broadway styled songs action sequences cross promotional marketing merchandising carefully designed pull audiences ages types theatres addition new guard disney artists creating films included story artists directors lead animators finn released november continued upward trend disney animation success earning million worldwide box office best song best score featuring songs replaced passing starring voice established trend hiring celebrity actors actresses provide voices disney characters explored degree jungle book oliver company standard practice june disney released directed animal adventure set africa featured star voice cast included songs written pop star elton_john lion king earned million worldwide box office date record traditionally animated film earning millions merchandising promotions record sales soundtrack highest grossing films worldwide respective release years animation increasingly important lucrative disney business company began expand operations flagship california studio split units expanded ground broken new building adjacent main disney lot burbank dedicated florida satellite officially incorporated expanded disney television animation studios paris france suburb studio significant parts later disney films produced disney began producing lower cost direct video sequels successful animated films services television animation studios return sequel pilot television spin productions heavily involved adaptations beauty beast broadway musicals disney story team heavily involved development production fully computer animated feature produced produced disney directed disney animator unsuccessfully tried hire success shorts released opened critical acclaim commercial success leading signing film deal disney bore critically financially successful computer animated films toy story monsters inc addition successes lion king spurred significant increase number american produced animated features rest decade major film studios establishing new animation divisions formed produce films disney esque musical comedy format swan princess dance quest king respectively end declining returns concerns arose internally disney particularly studio chief taking credit success disney early 1990s releases disney president killed helicopter accident lobbied ceo vacant president position instead tensions disney resulted forced resign company october taking place went founders animation division disney key rival feature animation computer animated films traditionally animated films contrast early 1990s productions mid-1990s disney animated features presented trend diminishing returns released summer critical commercial disappointment compared predecessors earning million worldwide winning academy_awards music film notre dame partially produced paris studio performed better critically grossed million worldwide following summer hercules grossed million worldwide received positive reviews responsible beginning decline traditional animated films declining box office success concerning inside studio wage competition significantly increased studio overhead production costs increasing million total costs production marketing overhead million hercules years later disney depended popularity new features order develop merchandising theme park attractions direct video sequels television programming divisions production schedule scaled larger number creative executives hired closely supervise production popular animation staff film produced primarily florida studio earned million worldwide box office summer directed high production cost million earned million box office song score pop star resulted significant record sales october special effects studio previously purchased april replace merged computer graphics operation form division called secret lab secret lab produced feature film dinosaur featured cgi prehistoric creatures filmed live action backgrounds million production earned million worldwide studio expectations secret lab closed slump conversion computer animation corporate issues sequel film pet project released january produced pieces artists available productions animated feature produced released format standard theatrical release followed june film million worldwide box office total million production cost resulted losing million studio left post president president vice president animation years new president time competition studios driven animators time highs making traditionally animated features costly produce tasked cutting costs massive began cut salaries bring studio staff peaked people approximately employees december saw release emperor originally musical epic called kingdom sun revised mid production smaller comedy earned million worldwide released december reviewed performed better video atlantis attempt break disney formula moving action adventure received mixed reviews earned million worldwide production costs million notable successes computer animated films respectively disney lesser returns emperor atlantis led growing perception hand drawn animation outdated falling fashion march successful release computer animated feature ice age disney laid employees studio burbank unit beginning plans fully computer animated films handful employees offered positions computer animation morale low seen start studio year exile paris studio closed burbank studio remaining hand drawn productions treasure planet home range continued production treasure planet retelling space pet project writer directors received generally positive reviews release financially unsuccessful release resulting million fiscal year burbank studio departments closed end following completion home range long production feature originally known hand drawn feature animation production continued feature animation florida studio films produced lower costs comedy written directed studio hit summer release earning million worldwide million production budget 1990s disney features spun direct video sequels television series produced unit beginning return land sequel disney began releasing lower sequels earlier films originally intended video theaters process derided disney animation staff fans disney films appointed president disney musical theater arm president appointed replacement continued oversee disney direct video division television animation department transferred time management florida studio completed brother bear perform critically financially disney announced closing florida studio january progress feature peoples left unfinished studio closed months later unsuccessful april release disney led executive officially announced conversion fully cgi studio process begun years prior staff people began selling traditional animation equipment brother bear november release chairman resigned launching business partner second external campaign similar forced time force arguing points included handling studio relationship talks ceo renewal terms highly lucrative disney distribution deal broke january jobs particular disagreed insistence sequels development toy story count number films required studio new deal end disney announced launching division produce sequels films began shopping new distribution deal disney released fully computer animated feature film moderate success box office earning million worldwide received critically later year years campaign announced resign named president successor chairman ceo rebound disney acquisition renaming place new ceo disney resumed negotiations disney january disney announced acquire billion deal closing acquisition executives assumed control president chief creative officer respectively circle studio launched produce toy story shut employees returning returning control disney executives originally discussed closing redundant refused instead resolved try turn things studio set rebuilding morale staff number 1980s new guard generation star animators left studio including maintain separation disney despite common ownership management drew hard line studio solely responsible projects allowed borrow personnel lend tasks brought disney model filmmaker driven studio opposed executive driven studio abolished disney prior system requiring directors respond mandatory notes development executives ranking producers favor system roughly analogous peer review non mandatory notes come primarily fellow producers directors writers layers executives stripped away established routine personally meeting weekly filmmakers projects year production delivering feedback spot renamed disney animation studios positioned studio animation house produced traditional computer animated projects order costs hand drawn productions animation design layout house disney clean animation digital ink paint farmed vendors studio released meet second cgi film earning million worldwide year began operate separate unit control direct intervention studio film american dog resulted departure director went director film new directors bolt best critical reception disney animated feature moderate financial success princess frog directed studio hand drawn animated film years return musical comedy format 1990s songs film released positive reception nominated academy_awards including best song box office performance princess frog total million earned worldwide million production budget seen competition avatar addition princess aspect title blamed resulting future disney films production given neutral symbolic titles snow queen frozen disney animator compared film box office performance step theatrical run film black studio produced computer animated holiday special disney owned abc television network present continued resurgence princess frog studio released musical cgi adaptation tale songs active development directed released november significant critical commercial success nominated accolades film earned million worldwide box office revenue studio successful release date hand drawn feature new feature film based characters followed positive reviews performed box office remains date studio recent hand drawn feature directed released critical acclaim commercial success comedy adventure video game villain hero won numerous awards including received academy award nominations film earned million worldwide box office revenue addition studio won academy award short film years directed utilized new software developed house studio called merges hand drawn computer animation techniques character create unique hybrid according producer studio continuing develop technique future projects including animated feature studio laid hand drawn animators including leading speculation animation studio abandoning traditional animation idea studio dismissed year frozen cgi musical film inspired snow queen released widespread acclaim blockbuster hit directed songs broadway team disney animated film earn billion worldwide box office revenue currently highest grossing animated film time surpassing toy story frozen film win academy award best animated feature category started feature length motion picture studio win academy award win multiple academy_awards released theaters horse new cartoon combining black white hand drawn animation color cgi animation studio feature big hero cgi comedy adventure film inspired marvel big hero comics released november film studio developed new light rendering software called studio continued use subsequent films big hero received critical acclaim highest grossing animated film won academy award best animated feature film accompanied theaters animated short feast won academy award best animated short film march studio released cgi buddy comedy film set modern world inhabited anthropomorphic animals critical commercial success studio management currently managed president chief creative officer president continuing live manage regularly burbank week spend days usually initially appointed general manager executive vice president handle day day business operations behalf promoted title president november counterpart general manager morris continue report retains title president studios presidents studio include january january january december december disney executives exercised influence studio chairman chairman disney studios ceo president following passing headquarters burbank dedicated locations headquartered burbank california riverside drive disney studios original animation building housing corporate offices located lobby capped large version famous hat apprentice segment building informally called hat building reason shares site building located immediately west mid-1990s previously operated air way complex cluster old office buildings trailers industrial park site grand central airport miles east city today unit currently based archive known based analogy file today known located unlike burbank buildings located office buildings near disney grand central creative campus square foot home million items animation artwork going importance company requires visitors agree disclose exact location previously feature animation satellite studios located world saint france suburb paris florida near orlando disney theme parks paris studio shut florida studio shut florida building survives tour called magic disney animation november commenced month upgrade order fix called dungeon like interior example interior cramped easily accommodate town hall meetings employees attendance disney disclose renovation cost revealed center second floor stories want building beautiful worthy artistic talent addition revealed large hat building main entrance stated gorgeous goes hat great symbol like entering building magic hat renovation studio employees temporarily moved burbank closest available disney controlled studio space studios building industrial park old warehouse western approach building director studio relocation end empire strikes know going productions feature films produced animated features series animation techniques including traditional animation computer animation animation combined live action scenes studio film seven released december recent film released march short films 1920s produced series prominent short films including cartoons silly series shorts provided medium studio experiment new technologies use filmmaking process sound integration strip process camera process hand drawn cgi hybrid animation horse collaborations parks resorts occasionally collaborated create attractions disney theme parks resorts attractions tour starring tokyo great escape magic kingdom encounter live disney park paris seven train magic kingdom frozen video games collaborated input company unit games games series developed square_enix associated productions occasionally collaborated studios assist production animated live action features films reluctant dragon providing animated segments victory providing animated segments song south providing animated segments dear heart providing animated segments providing animated segments street television providing animated segments providing animated segments pete dragon providing animation providing development framed providing animation layout animation unit special effects nightmare christmas providing second traditional animation providing story development pre production providing development james giant peach providing second traditional animation saving banks providing animation short scene episode documentary films disney animation trip disney studios short reluctant dragon staged frank dream silly waking sleeping beauty | Walt Disney Animation Studios | Media and drama | Media and drama | Animation |
20557_Dance,Voldo,Dance | dance dance dance dance based music video produced video created fighting game features players controlling character existing game animation characters perform synchronized dance song hot musician result week time preparation training video conceived noticed character animations attacks triggered beat song reactions display groups demonstrated interest showcasing video complications arose copyright holders works involved creation video received cited examples based music videos spawned fan based dancing songs sources village_voice praised video choreography presentation books college professors cited notable example animation lectures subject nominated film festival awards served exhibit conception creation february listening music playing playing noticed didn play video games utilized repetitive motions controller attack decided mimic gameplay resulting describes impromptu dance sorts music playing background changed bitch noticed consistent time interval motions character movement follow beat music noticed followed rhythm entertaining results later september met friends subject turned happened february deciding demonstrate played characters dancing songs noticing audience enjoy nature animation decided develop concept october realizing lacked funds pursue projects wanted decided instead work video project song hot partner create video roommate wished credited anonymously initially wanted seeing work concept decided help stipulation project schedule fit drinking habit development choreography completed day following days devoted producing video hour intervals day music played television playstation audio cable fifth day realized music actually distracting recorded counting beat song audio track able complete project easily editing video released versions online utilizing song kiss prince attention drawn video shown video gaming conference australia interest shown mtv microsoft feature video respective media hit complications copyright holders agents wanted license song problem contacted musician worked project expressed interest producing music character produce song sounded similar original copyright producing final version video shortly stated license character means discussions ceased critical reception release dance dance received public appearing briefly popularity index fan followed suit concept characters dancing songs nominated film festival january april featured heavenly bodies exhibit film festival founder founder cited dance dance examples based music videos book user manual described difficult form characterize describing genre bending work having elements choreography book reader described ingenious fight dance choreography citing virtual identity character combined original soundtrack developing interactive narrative content assistant professor compared animation virtual rooted solely game animation example illustrate material entertaining motions video described descriptive comparing time motion studies village_voice described game performance describing impressive works showcased film festival book playing called humorous citing suspension game normal purpose players humor defining moments study video games art form lecturer cited example performance calling perfectly choreographed superb example gameplay performance professor stated enjoyed dance performance presentation light narrative forms adding enhanced attire | Dance, Voldo, Dance | Media and drama | Media and drama | Animation |
21859_NewCutieHoney | japanese hepburn known new super android honey films title new honey japanese anime series media franchise created inspired continued popularity original television series announced october anime production licensed distribution united_states released series dvd november unlike original developed original video animation type anime home video filmed episodes released sold united_kingdom france italy australia new_zealand set years original follows protagonist friends family fights criminals fictional honey female android device allows transform summon weapons powers shouting honey flash episodes contain complete story honey battles forces man feared criminals later episodes defeats enemies empowered returning nemesis series staff planned episodes ended dvd release included scripted ninth episode christmas story drama includes characters cameos based prior works inspired merchandise including scale model kits honey english language dub series features picked title role critical responses series focused production values voice work explored honey tear clothes naked body occur relation strong character traits compared contrasted anime based works plot set years events original television series fictional mayor light voiced original japanese english dub vows crime wave restore peace self proclaimed lord darkness named feared criminals seeks efforts episodes large freelance gang armored axe wielding joined allies young looking red haired girl rides naked robot slightly shorter objects people wears decorative robotic spider legs electronic scope use stealth technology objects sense disturbances trap people strong attack outdoor meeting mayor fellow citizens attackers asks mayor rule city unknown light secretary previously transform titular red haired sword wielding heroine summon powers shouting honey flash later confronts gang female inadvertently regains abilities lost memories defeating group light agrees fight crime city honey help moves home returning character honey series year old fitted sensors tools tries honey naked asks transform live young grandson crush honey wishes like mayor light parents attempted rob city bank episode mother self proclaimed expert thief summon increased strength son danger descendant original series father loves wife son like honey showers honey remembers defeated injected liquid capsule transform monster fights capsule users seeks source defeats female capsule distributor learns reveals honey true robot form kidnaps sends honey rest fly rescue fight defeat attack large structure ship way maiden reveals honey nemesis leader original series honey wounds body releases fallen evil souls countless villains honey killed evolving body fully adult woman honey tries seal body destroys entire family escapes ship jet pack honey emerges alive falling rock episodes set unspecified time battle grown older fond honey remain fight antagonists transform gain power direct influence mayor light rarely appears half series girl named appears fifth episode criminal wants use nuclear bomb ransom joins honey group sixth episode stays near calls boy annoyance presence reminds honey old friend died hands original versions vows protect initially confused explains reason seventh leader gangs goes honey rescue fellow imprisoned army hunters reveals fell love persistence earlier fight spider returns eighth episode honey friends capture use technologies defeat gold thief production background development anime incarnation broadcast october march alongside honey manga started publishing october wrote liner notes best anime series favorite early anime fan clubs nude transformation sequences brief nudity commonplace 1980s anime continued popularity honey inspired creation announced series press conference dated october series director lead singer group les perform series japanese theme song honey japanese voice actors attendance japanese series officially new super android honey spelled instead unlike original series original video animation home video formats vhs tape known higher quality anime series felt new honey especially high quality according episode thousand times usual number november series said honey tentatively set episodes considered later series cut short eighth episode released late november scenes episode partly drawn characters missing legs script planned ninth episode produced drama voiced series original voice actors english dub features hand picked perform voice honey post anime dvd forums voice actor writer worked houston based praised work honey examples impressive performances said series dub released years began voice work title admit brought watching anime started long road wow wonder happen moved houston themes cameos anime america convention talked contrast honey dark thought honey appeared dark futuristic city like batman movie batman dark dark background dark characters case super cheerful sunny stands dark background believed differed anime focus settings characters honey instead makes moves carries story relative weakness male characters series said honey like mother loves protect weak men existence reason live like fight protect honey pays homage creations series episodes include cameos shows mayor light picture characters titular character appears second scene downtown market cameos family scene honey bedroom shows bust framed picture father scenes family unnamed character turned plastic coated statues skin tight body costume uses design blue black red scheme original manga chest opening rounded edges resembles anime attire opening sequence episodes shows versions honey original seven forms series hurricane idol flash fancy techniques parody super robots later episodes feature appearances professor episode honey transforms title sequence episodes features nemesis briefly seen time antagonist episode media episodes releases minute episodes directed produced names japan stage followed episode number episode title fifth onward dark army story released series episode vhs tapes english subtitles subtitled versions released english episodes followed series honey flash episode honey series reissued times markets eventually shown television posted internet volume vhs versions released france italy french version called honey dubbed released known italian honey released released entire series dvd release included drama called lit cursed christmas based script ninth episode reissued series dvd collections november december single disc essential anime edition dvd bundle april series published dvds united_kingdom released september november followed dvd collection released australia february new_zealand march episodes broadcast month satellite television network january april episodes shown april added series demand online player service july assets company transferred licenses honey works home video distribution arm june year lit composer credited opening themes series honey performed les episodes honey translated arranged performed themes based original series theme honey english theme softer beat les cover prior episodes november dvd release ending themes les arranged performed circle game second episodes space performed legend good bye episodes soundtracks music released soundtracks music released compilation albums soundtrack new super android honey music collection vol released february includes les honey advertised version original circle game guitar work background music dialogue protagonists honey followed june includes version sung burning theme episode april theme june compilation collection dynamic production world true music version released june includes les version tracks compilation tracks merchandise characters inspired wide range products character honey particular prompted model kits figures art book character descriptions interviews detailed episodes released followed vol november year books contain information series based merchandise honey themed telephone cards posters shirts scale model kit honey pencil boards production materials carrying case series special called lit angel holiday released vhs laserdisc november includes minutes selected scenes episodes appearances december page book containing drawings production material video game released sets honey figures based forms takes series released common figures form queen form form broken armor takes battle eighth episode scale models standard form taken end episode foot base labeled scale kit lying sword hand released limited quantities scale honey kits depict diving suit sixth episode tennis outfit english language title sequence form created released late early scale kits based honey forms scale kits partially armored forms created left hand reception anime dvd gave positive reviews released impressed production values called bit fun especially looking fan service bit intelligence style offerings reviews honey website greatly diverged site rated series stars called tons fun light action comedy spirited silly tongue cheek praised character designs letter perfect original appealing character designs praised voice work review release rated stars said goes forth looking like ordinary modern metropolis resembling sort town built concluded characters largely annoying plot nudity absurd fighting rarely average thing ultimately pointless series later attempts developing honey person clear dvd verdict unimpressed honey popular glossy animation endowed chicks clothing isn thing little draw series reviewers noticed influence considered best anime based works preferred different series said recognized anime world influential artist known preferring extra nudity violence work influence definitely comes series anime gave earlier anime bad ratings called honey based anime common logic rate harshly actually enjoyed immensely calling ugly backdrops weird looking characters standard says greatly preferred honey offerings doesn rise higher fan service story ain cool news praised sense series saying bright american style superhero design nudity violence amusing nonsense negative review carter said based devil lady entertaining anime similar built woman fighting monsters premise reviewers contrasted portrayal main character honey powerful figure shows body nude transformation sequences author anime distinguished series pornographic anime thought series sends mixed messages honey great strength heroism sexual nature wrote presumably male viewer invited participate clothing nude body male female viewer alike allowed participation transformation process quickly added despite aspects characterization clearly film hero worthy admiration film violent scenes holds share sentiment said honey appeal fighter cares people important android past family life aren explored deeply busy getting situations fighting evil president wrote sexual nature honey including lesbian desire jewel princess honey enemies second episode looked implied honey manga called princess appearance hoping praised honey change form response ross said series seemingly incredibly female members household expect laughing blatant honey actually series writes extremely strong character distress needs help series guys said gives character tough girl charm absent original version said captured combination innocence honey confusing appropriate said fight sequences pretty provide fun moments watching honey battle demonic forms concluded honey main goal showcase lead heroine changes lets face half completely naked transformation sequences | New Cutie Honey | Media and drama | Media and drama | Animation |
22742_LastOrder:FinalFantasyVII | order final fantasy vii order final fantasy vii abbreviated order japanese anime original video animation produced released square_enix directed produced acted supervising director alternate rendition flashbacks found video game final_fantasy vii order released japan advent pieces limited special edition release film final fantasy vii bonus feature set release order associated vii series sequels original final_fantasy vii official compilation installment canon nonetheless included official vii includes games crisis final fantasy vii final fantasy vii film final fantasy vii collection short stories way smile order soundtrack released music crisis select songs later remixed created success promotional commercials crisis production lasting months plot order encompasses events occurred main events final_fantasy vii storyline revolves scenario focuses event follows cloud run cuts forth flashbacks linked narration leader reflections event originally meant focus order highlighted feelings position company moral values copies released japan sold months advance official release date order received negative fan response changes content presentation original final_fantasy vii game crew working avoided certain scenes order background order explores situations shown referenced final_fantasy vii compilation titles world final_fantasy vii referred planet dependent survival flow spirit energy called eventually rises power begins killing planet uses energy source manipulate strength abilities paramilitary organization soldier considered strongest member soldier sent investigate town accompanied soldier cloud spends time reading previously scientist conduct experiments log books comes learn past injected cells planet inhabited completely destroyed extraterrestrial crashed planet years previously began virus unearthed science team mistakenly identified caused believe humans betrayed ancestors plot narrated leader elite espionage assassination division known turks order switches incident escape unconscious friend event insane discovering origins sets fire village killing villagers proceeds resident attacks soon arrives knocks aside continues body preserved large glass tank filled liquid follows engage combat able returns body notice cloud approaching cloud immediately sword cracking glass tank returns cuts head carries head cloud engage battle fight cloud stomach hung core feat strength grabs sword moves blade solid ground aside battle jumps core head attempt reach promised land cloud survive ordeal taken experimentation event detailed order illustrates cloud escape mansion cloud succumbed poisoning caused surge memories flooding mind rendering unconscious non state escapes cloud mansion intention returning headquarters orders paramilitary turks find eliminate decides capture alive bluff overlooking cloud ride truck decide ignore orders wait turks takes aim cloud jumps cloud escape cast voices 1st class soldier faces brutally defeated experimented attempts escape friend cloud production crew order portray properly light hearted young noted felt alive order comparison appearance advent children voices fights seeing friends hurt destroyed nearly dead wounds cloud experimented state voices 1st class soldier past friend discovering origins goes insane believed attempts bring mother promised land voices leader turks narrates originally intended focus real highlight order changing feelings job places moral values voices resident childhood friend cloud fit rage tries kill blocks attack wounds voices martial arts instructor injured carries safety voices voices rude members turks command operate partners voices professor head science department takes cloud experimentation instantly dismissing discontent voices rod voices guns voices voices voices gun characters turks command originally appeared crisis roles include members military unit attempt cloud voice villagers production release order final fantasy vii produced scripted directed decision create order arose positive reaction popular promotional clip created game crisis chosen produce partly success clip president enthusiastic project main reason choosing company understood significance making final_fantasy vii animation considered large responsibility popular game final fantasy series character designer final fantasy vii series director acted supervising director right reject accept concept drawings order result large quantity images extent entire production jeopardy production lasted months production crew considered challenging creating making drawings screen order hand drawn crew faced difficulties creating uniform lines issue overall feel scene original drawings artists resulting scenes having different styles producer explained wanted sure final product high quality worked production company day night straight deadline agreed scenes showing important events feelings final_fantasy vii fragmented decided scenes subject order giving audience advent children film order released enjoyable understanding film opportunity portray properly handsome light hearted man memory order details growth feelings job events depicted attempts ideas justice heard later moral values order carry cruel mission commented kind scenes wanted people aware order originally released japan ultimate edition advent children movie advent pieces limited september included set advent children released february north_america release come english dub subtitled order included release final_fantasy vii advent children complete director cut advent children extra footage vii series sequels original final_fantasy vii game order vii considered outside work associated final fantasy vii series creation mentioned alongside official installments official compilation titles include film advent children games crisis mobile phone ps2 like order lost episode final fantasy vii mobile phone spin outside work associated compilation music order score composed arranged produced including ending theme entitled order music combined music crisis single soundtrack released japan december soundtrack later available north_america square_enix tracks disc contain score order tracks contain music crisis select tracks soundtrack contain music remixes music disc tribute album voices disc entitled order chosen coincide order music themed response cultural impact copies produced japan longer available having sold months advance release north american collector edition overall order garnered positive feedback western critics ign noted order true meat new extras advent children collector set traditionally animated chapter final fantasy fans centers story cloud adds dimension story final_fantasy vii dvd talk called order real reason check limited edition release advent children commented long time anime fan lover final_fantasy minute order producer stated received considerable negative feedback fans displeased changes event order scene redone production crew careful avoid making decisions | Last Order: Final Fantasy VII | Media and drama | Media and drama | Animation |
26445_FLCL | japanese hepburn pronounced english anime original video animation series written directed produced consisted follows year old boy living fictional japanese suburb interactions arrives quiet suburb drawn industrial town houses building episode series released japan april march manga novel created time aired america block times aired channel block october january series available itunes website new seasons totaling episodes announced march production production plot coming age story revolves year old working class boy living widowed father grandfather life city interrupted arrival runs yellow gives hits head blue vintage left handed electric bass guitar discovers blow head created portal giant robots produced company known emerge periodically later finds working house live maid later discovered investigator uses search odds industrial corporation watched commander special agent believes conquer galaxy ultimately drawn way battle medical production directed produced included said tried break rules anime making example choosing contemporary japanese band provide soundtrack style japanese commercial promotional video creating work short dense packed localization director script writer stated localization script hardest jokes included obscure pop culture references transferred english audiences example reference discontinued soft drink japan english release choice use discontinued american soft drink crystal director responded criticism stating important factor medical building featured shape large iron character describes goal destruction thought uses iron symbolic breakdown thought removing brain english localization japanese team explain concept direct translation script convey ideology release dvd compilations containing episode released japan addition dvd collection box containing dvd compilations released japan august dvd compilations released north_america dvd collection box containing dvd compilations english episodes released january gone print january announced acquired license series releasing dvd blu ray disc february shortly released australia new_zealand disc dvd set blu ray disc licensed united_kingdom series aired north_america programming block august august english adaptation series licensed released dvds soundtrack went print january announced releasing series dvd releasing time blu ray episodes japanese title actually alteration phrase episode title meant actual significance media novels volume novel series written screenwriter published novels released japan june october march respectively english language versions published released north_america march september march respectively manga volume manga created artist manga interprets series key elements intact tells events anime art style pacing defended unique manga saying drawn times style fits overall story atmosphere manga published serialized monthly volumes released october august respectively manga released format volumes labeled final individual box sets titled box volume volume released june edited version manga released box sets released january february respectively english language editions manga released september november respectively march announced release manga edition edition released includes remastered story pages remastered script bonus color pages soundtracks pieces theme music episodes opening themes closing theme japanese rock band battle themes advice little think opening themes life episode instant music episodes happy episode runners high episode carnival episode closing theme episode ride shooting star released original soundtracks encompassing songs soundtracks titled remaining music written music japanese rock group rest composer soundtrack titled contains tracks featured episodes soundtrack released october japan january second soundtrack titled king pirates contains tracks featured episodes soundtrack released july japan september volume features audio dramas cast playing parts dramas included album acts sequel sorts anime soundtrack titled compilation soundtracks featuring music japanese rock group released june june unlike previous soundtracks songs original vocal versions band reception received highly positive reviews critics called downright hilarious visually superb great music citing packaging episodes dvd weakness original release gave anime stars stating straightforward deep plot complex hell meaning succeed true objective fun watch gave stating allowed involved try wide variety styles techniques come experimental nearly worked favor end hours nearly break neck speed action comedy commentary modern life praised series stating kept pushing envelope possible japanese animation ign columnist reviewed anime shortly english premier article smith praised series unusual story telling extremely high quality animation soundtrack provided rewarding series score concluding logic mess given insanity creators attempting functioning hard explain exactly works times makes laugh times makes little eyed times makes want scream light things fire break windows baseball bats yes maybe buy kind success argue january 3rd february 7th online magazine composed weekly analysis review episode celebration legend upcoming season series heavily influenced animation style article gives extremely positive review series understanding inspired coming age story stating wild initially aspects major purpose documentation passage maturity august press release noted success ranked shows supported cable adults won place festival february nominated best cast won best comedy series best short series ranked 4th list best english licensed anime time november avatar director says staff ordered buy watch single episode sequel series american anime newspaper reported august production studio planning remake popular series announcing purchase rights production company led speculate potential remake possible continuation series ign web series discussed potential remake participants expressing reservations idea comparing shell sequel anime series announced march crew facebook page new episodes produced cooperation production upcoming episodes split individual seasons serve sequels popular series broadcast anime block crew includes neon genesis character designer original series director series premier late early official synopsis series published adult swim new season years passed shared adventure war entities known fraternity galaxy enter young girl believes amazing expect average life day new teacher named arrives school soon attacking town discovers secret save secret unlock return earth happened left human type robot production vice president announced annual anime expo original series character designer position upcoming sequel pass director supervising production additionally announced japanese indie rock band returning provide musical score anime | FLCL | Media and drama | Media and drama | Animation |
7817_Ed,EddnEddy(season2) | season second season canadian american animated comedy television series created originally aired november december consists episodes series revolves adolescent boys collectively known live suburban sac unofficially led constantly scheme money peers order purchase favorite plans usually fail leaving season success nielsen ratings prompting november premiere season received generally positive reviews second season proved improvement reception garnering acclaim earning received complete second season dvd released region dvd volume featured season episodes dvds published compilation dvds featured episodes season purchased itunes store written development concept follows lives adolescent boys share variations differ greatly personalities pursuit buying fitting kids intellectual double aid self appointed leader plans children sac money perpetual summer vacation problems children dislike indifference share common fear group teenage girls live nearby park flush trailer park series takes place fictional town new locations rarely introduced production cast cartoonist known edgy adult work butcher brothers children cartoon pitched conceived designing commercial nickelodeon agreed creative control series went production premiered season january according executive season remarkably ratings premiere rated series network prompting quickly order second season november premiere making seasons set run stated change characters second season noticeable development went directed season wrote episodes credited writer sir cast remained season cast double jimmy sarah kevin marie voice replaced reception reviews accolades second season generally acclaimed critics marked improvement reception season season won leo award best director animated production nominated leo award best musical score animation program series work episode review complete second season dvd dvd talk considered adolescent believing series sort frantic gross humor kids love insanity play adults easily concurred animation colorful intentionally bizarre bold lines forming characters backgrounds animation animated home media dvds featured number season episodes released region dvd volume titled released featuring season episodes total complete second season released april dvds purchased season available download itunes store selected episodes season featured compilation dvds episodes note episodes directed dvd release | Ed, Edd n Eddy (season 2) | Media and drama | Television | Ed, Edd n Eddy |
24126_Ed,EddnEddy(season1) | season season canadian american animated comedy television series created originally aired united_states originally set premiere november season ran january june consists episodes series revolves adolescent boys collectively known live suburban sac unofficially led constantly scheme money peers order purchase favorite plans usually fail leaving adult cartoonist working commercial design pitched series nickelodeon studios interested series demanded creative control refused ended commissioning agreeing let control debut series success nielsen ratings popular younger older viewers met generally positive reviews season earned award best television animation dvd released region region dvd volumes par featured season episodes dvds published entire season purchased itunes store season written cast cast double played parts jimmy respectively sarah voiced voiced cast kevin voiced played sisters marie lee voiced reception ratings originally set premiere november aired january 6th cartoon cartoon minor post production delays according executive season remarkably ratings following premiere rated series network prompting quickly order second season november premiere later fourth reviews accolades despite acclaimed second season reception season generally positive despite giving ventures dvd negative review ign praised saying bit played maximum comic effect interactions characters usually fun particularly praised season finale saying good example animators developed clever surreal environment kids probably relate simply wild allow regular childhood adventures turn comedic linked way kids act react strange situations calling gem entertaining nature criticized storylines repetitive said lacks genius considered second filler lamented main characters drawn products school acid trip caricature review published large number letters supportive sent magazine prompting second look different reviewers gave positive review calling fresh different approaches season earned award best television animation season slight impact popular culture journalist florida wrote column local newspaper search huge children saw run season number set home media released number dvd volumes titled released region region featuring season episodes total followed par march featured episode season fool complete season aspect ratio minute disc set released region october region july dvd english digital stereo dubbed french spanish subtitles english spanish french set includes special features interview creator cartoon draw commercial featuring season available download itunes store complete season dvds purchased episodes note episodes directed | Ed, Edd n Eddy (season 1) | Media and drama | Television | Ed, Edd n Eddy |
7862_SouthPark(season1) | south_park season season animated television series south_park ran episodes august february american network creators wrote season episodes credited writing episodes narrative revolves children unusual experiences titular mountain town south_park originated parker stone animated short jesus low budget film featured prototypes south_park main characters followed short film jesus santa popular widely shared internet led talks series representatives comedy central debuted initial run episodes success additional seven episodes quickly produced complete season released dvd november season ratings success nielsen ratings rose tenth episode episodes received award nominations including outstanding animated program programming hour award outstanding individual episode category episode big gay big gay boat ride season south_park won award best animated series nominated outstanding achievement animated primetime late night television program financial success comedy central helped network transform cable industry power overnight despite critics gave season mixed reviews rated offensive shouldn doesn push envelope knocks table critic thought coming pretty damn close perfect television series season episodes development idea south_park originated creators met film class students discussed filming minute short film involving boy befriended talking piece named short parker stone created christmas related animated short commonly known jesus crude low budget animation featured prototypes main characters south_park including stan kyle executive saw film commissioned parker stone create second short film send friends christmas video card titled spirit christmas known jesus santa short resembled style later series closely spirit christmas end winning award best animation bringing filmmakers attention industry representatives jesus santa video widely copied shared internet reported copies friends short subsequently regarded likely viral video shorts began generate interest possible television series parker stone conceived idea south_park like child characters planned featuring talking named main protagonist pitched idea rejected said according stone putting network parker stone adapted original idea revolving children south_park town dropping protagonist planning use character future minor supporting role later comedy central saw jesus santa short considered literally funniest thing seen requested parker stone develop network negotiations parker stone brought idea episode parker claiming asked thing know feel talking network executives receptive idea main reasons parker stone decided sign channel episode series gets anal probe debuted august debuted months later ninth episode christmas pilot episode received poor results test audiences parker later conceded language stone felt pressure live previous shorts tried push things maybe contrast allowed subsequent episodes natural focusing making fun topics considered taboo throwing bunch dirty words poor results test audience executives unsure wanted order additional episodes gets anal probe buzz began generate internet original shorts network commissioned parker stone write episode committing series seen script working film parker stone wrote script later episode weight gain duo sought executives idea series episode differ network liked script parker stone refused write script signing episodes executives agreed commit series comedy central originally ordered episodes proved successful requested additional seven parker stone produce quickly new episodes air october half months premiere holiday episodes christmas aired intervals weeks remaining aired later february gets anal probe episode animated completely traditional cut paper stop motion animation techniques subsequent episodes fully computer animated power animator maya eighth episode drawing animation responsibilities handled parker stone delegated team animators episode aside gets anal probe receive unsuitable children age rating instead customary unsuitable age parker stone credit fourth episode big gay big gay boat ride helping raise ratings early season felt official christmas special christmas brought south_park new level popularity parker said episode vaulted reception ratings south_park season ratings success comedy central gets anal probe earned nielsen rating translating viewers considered high cable program united_states time increased slightly episode volcano sixth episode death reached rating ratings continued rise rapidly christmas respectively corresponded increase million viewers million households season finale mom dirty received nielsen rating range gained viewers aired canada august south_park television series internet spirit christmas college students episodes season streamed online friends unable receive comedy central critics despite high ratings reviews television critics season mixed washington_post new_york_times articles mentioning usually terms class based taste arguments gets anal probe episode series received generally negative reviews airing founder president gave unfavorable review episode stating offensive shouldn doesn push envelope knocks table bruce entertainment_weekly thought poorly writing characters kids jokes fresh mouths help south_park kids personalities dimensional cut paste animation calling series gross orlando sentinel episode bad impression hard strange washington_post considered alleged humor premiere self conscious self jokes repeated use word literal sense general air weight gain aired writers mainstream media debating longevity overall quality south_park series earliest stages episode continued shock characters frequent use reviewers felt weight gain significant improvement gets anal probe felt went satirical direction media outlets described fifth episode season elephant makes love pig popular early episodes newsday said outrageous south_park episode christmas aired months later reviewers said mere title demonstrated originality south_park impact south_park cover rolling_stone february newsweek march discussed different new_york_times articles new_york_times mentions ability engage political topics far success obviously political shows considered faith family death politically correct incorrect different post ideological comic map altogether ign wrote dvd review rare television season perfect season south_park comes pretty damn close single episode disc set classic funny hell years scholar argued appeared reaction culture wars 1980s 1990s united_states issues sexuality simpsons family values extensively debated culture wars political particular driven belief relevant daily life explained south_park rude crude vulgar offensive potentially dangerous critics argued stan kyle kenny poor role models children supporters celebrated defense free speech impact comedy central fortune regarded launch south_park transformed funny network cable industry power overnight impact ended surprising everybody involved time cable network low distribution million subscribers comedy central marketed aggressively launch billing invented chip resulting buzz led network earning estimated million shirts sales episode aired south_park immediately popular shows cable television averaging consistently million viewers denver based largest cable operator time dropped comedy central south_park debuted denver newspapers radio stations heavily criticized operator carrying hit local filmmakers parker stone comedy central president time said public went nuts network received million new time affiliate decided success south_park independent sales department end sold million worth merchandise including shirts dolls years viewership largely south_park adding million new subscribers half allowed network sign international deals networks countries awards episodes season received nominations entertainment awards season fourth episode big gay big gay boat ride nominated outstanding animated program programming hour category lost simpsons episode trash episode nominated award outstanding individual episode category lost simpsons episode homer volcano season episode nominated episodic comedy category ended losing simpsons episode old man lisa series season south_park won award best animated program series nominated annie award outstanding achievement animated primetime late night television program category creators won nova award given promising producers television media release episodes gets anal probe volcano weight gain big gay big gay boat ride elephant makes love pig death released vhs set marking time south_park available video dvd releases came later year thirteen episodes released october compilation collections south_park volume volume volume episode season mom dirty released south_park volume december south_park complete season originally released disc region dvd box set november received rating season released june dvd releases featured bonus material introductions episode christmas short clip featuring jay_leno clip boys present awards produced commentaries episode requested pulled altogether found commentaries edited instead commentaries released set cds october south_park complete series released australia rating region christmas released november compilation dvd christmas time south_park distribution licenses episodes south_park season volcano elephant makes love pig purchased pittsburgh pennsylvania based company website site episodes available download day copy permanent copy experiments downloadable television videos making south_park shows legally internet march comedy central season episodes south_park episodes available legal streaming website later canada united_kingdom | South Park (season 1) | Media and drama | Television | South Park series |
12831_EricCartman | main characters animated television series south_park created voiced generally referred surname central characters south_park friends appeared originally named kenny form animated short jesus animated short jesus santa appeared television pilot episode south_park gets anal probe august elementary school student lives mother fictional town south_park colorado routinely extraordinary experiences small town portrayed aggressive arrogant character inception stone parker describe character little traits significantly augmented later seasons character begins exhibit extremely manipulative behavior depicted highly intelligent able execute morally plans business ideas success considered popular character south_park parker stone state favorite character identify south_park received praise criticism politically incorrect behavior prominent publications television channels included lists iconic television cartoon characters time role south_park attends garrison class episodes main characters grade fourth grade child raised single mother mom dirty claims claims father know woman gave birth season episode later reveals actually mother true biological father fictional player arranged killed season episode making half brothers putting identity question main child characters distinguished fat kid continuing subject insults ridicule characters run frequently portrayed antagonist villain actions set motion events serving main plot episode children classmates alienated racist anti semitic lazy self behavior occasionally influenced manipulative antics kyle jewish target anti semitic insults shared beginnings rivalry significantly pronounced series progressed routinely exposing kyle physical kyle intentionally endangered convincing hopes killed times kyle enthusiastic participant schemes seen actually nice kyle instances parker stone compared relationship shared 1970s sitcom family kyle tendency thinks safe loses actions promised accomplished motivation regard merely monetary gain obsession scoring victory kyle ultimately plays major subplot episode season obsession proven actually goals wishes achieve instance christian rock hard makes bet kyle platinum album kyle recruiting token creates christian rock band called faith writes christian songs merely taking love songs replacing words baby jesus sexual relations jesus odds band largely successful managing sell million copies potentially gain millions dollars christian rock bands truly platinum album true real life loses bet despite having amassed large fan base large steady income enraged unable win bet kyle anger accepting album large christian crowd goes anti christian drives away fans profits getting old final episode half south_park 15th season suggested kyle developing genuine friendship possibly void left stan apparent departure resentment stan usually reserved hatred stan kyle duo contempt stan individual usually limited annoyance stan sensitivity affection animals relationship stan shares despite cultures displays learning foreign languages episode future self starts speaks spanish latino workers learned language merely practical standpoint order better exploit labor pool knows german spoke phrases dressed adolf_hitler promoting jews oblivious audience speak german seen speaking broken german american accent season episode conversely episode major acts character town cats rare case subplot based frequently kenny poor kenny family welfare use awkward pause conversation opportunity remind kenny hates treatment relationship duo shares received significant focus recent seasons series reflects parker interest scenes ones enjoys writing episodes center greed rich quick schemes numerous attempts attain wealth generally fail extreme disdain serves 1960s influence contemporary society reflecting parker real life role taken stan kyle occasionally reflect lessons learned course episode speech begins know learned today character creation design precursor appeared spirit christmas short dubbed jesus created parker stone students short actually named kenny god killed kenny character representing killed evil character composed construction paper animated use stop motion commissioned years later friend create short video christmas card send friends parker stone created similarly animated spirit christmas short dubbed jesus santa short character appears series given character kenny appears character depicted today given moniker previous short appeared august south_park debuted episode gets anal probe keeping animation style composed simple shapes primary colors offered free range motion associated hand drawn characters character shown direction movements intentionally second episode weight gain season like characters animated computer software portrayed impression utilizes original technique usually depicted wearing winter attire consists red coat brown pants yellow gloves yellow cap tapered yellow parted brown hair seen hat characters distinctive overweight body wider hands noticeably larger head elliptical shape contrast circular heads children additional curved line lower face represents double chin originally voiced computer manipulation parker speaking normal vocal range recorded audio edited pitch altered voice sound like fourth parker says achieve effect voice simply uses technique voicing stan adding lot fat development partially named based high school classmate parker remains friend parker stone inspired family patriarch inspired till death original british version family parker stone big fans family state creating little year old fat kid easier portray bunker like character introduction political century television developing character parker noted remembers annoying fat kid annoying fat kid stone observed kids nice innocent flower loving little rainbow children don kind social complete little raging season episode tricked buying hair local eighth named successfully elaborate scheme publicly scott favorite band getting scott parents killed scott eating writers debated production episode incident step far parker felt act sufficiently culmination behavior set new bar portraying capable performing short murder fans reacted ranking greatest moment poll website later revealed season fourteen episode scott father football player father admits lied mother parker stone despite basis stan kyle insist favorite character identify personality traits foul friends means parker stone portray believe young boys talk according parker possess underlying sweetness child characters shown times completely functions toilet humor favorite television personalities canadian duo comedy routines revolve substantially jokes sensitive denial notion fat big threaten bring harm weight curse people killed drove psychiatrist wife suicide enduring long weight views mature fellow friends classmates grows company despite claiming mature break crying feels defeated leads loud arguments earlier seasons typically end saying screw guys going home leaving action philosophy professor describes directed happiness actual friendship classmates needing favor lack true father figure life drug use caused psychological life parent largely commands mom tasks resorts pleading tone method works resorts excessive usually parker noted primary cause behavior stating product environment thing mother sweet sweet giving wanted don know worse places country hope met parents desperately trying friends kids thing picked like people making evil kids parker discussing role shaping personality interview achieving demanding respect times declared dream getting million dollars shown initiative taking approach earning money starting control parental revenge operations boy band basketball team crack babies parody ncaa church anti limited mocking kyle season episode passion jew episode watching passion christ numerous times film director starts official gibson fan club praising gibson trying express cinema horror common jew interpretation film influences dress adolf hitler lead fan club members oblivious actual intentions failed effort engage systematic genocide jews similar season episode alert anonymously saves kyle life effort family return south_park san_francisco revealing animosity shared friends season directs evil god destroy 16th season episode revealed converted judaism dream season unsure retained trait simply plot point episode hearing classmates tell hold lowest regard possible possibly think worse act attempt feel better convinces thinks kid school season episode believes helped creating joke quickly nationwide sensation despite fact character writes joke assistance magazine noted past serve purposes little shown concerning romantic interests attitude females episode chef goes develops attraction apparent end episode describes temporary sexual tension agrees sorrow period physically unable control speech repeatedly hidden feelings expressed romantic interest classmate character seen commonly portrayed ignorant shown twice future self able speak fluent spanish german certain episodes shown think skilled fighter beat stan kyle different times thinks sort authority hallway monitor displays martial arts knowledge proves able beat characters clyde bradley cultural impact south_park fan favorite described famous character series headline online written version radio report npr declared america favorite little respect screw guys going home earlier seasons highly popular viewers eccentric hey included edition stone said fans recognize parker fans usually imitation parker case request voice ran night marathon episodes showcasing voters deemed greatest moments disc dvd collection entitled cult comedy central described classic episodes worst released poll conducted year old children united_kingdom voted favorite personality drew concern parent councils expecting character television aimed children list stone responded claiming results poll people vision kids like parker stone asserted actions dialogue appearances south_park meant viewed younger children note certified ratings indicate intention mature audiences jewish community praised depiction holding anti semitic attitude kyle means accurately portraying like young jew endure prejudice jews blamed south_park having found surrounded acceptable racism november facebook group titled national kick day going surfaced suggesting abuse thousands internet users signed member group reports feared increase bullying red headed students canada soon followed group administrator year old said group intended joke apologized offense caused group inspired season episode kids prejudice red hair pale skin group calls claims inherently evil souls characters commonly express lessons learned antagonistic actions commonly resulted characters giving opinions issues hate crime legislation civil liberties excessive religious devotion stem cell controversy use right die debate prejudice season episode cartoon wars planning exploit public fear terrorism seeks fox television series program permanently removed fox plans air episode despite inclusion cartoon likeness muhammad leads kyle short speech ethics censorship parker stone sentiments okay regards subject remain limits satire commentary commentary resulting response actions interpreted statements parker stone attempting viewing public opinions subject critical analysis media literary world book south_park philosophy know learned today includes essay johnson uses actions behavior examples discussing logical problem moral evil essay college professor cited season episode temporarily granted law enforcement powers discussion command theory law citizen obey law essays books south_park philosophy bigger longer south_park analyzed perspectives framework popular philosophical theological political social concepts parker stone alignment particular political affiliation deny having political agenda creating episode response focus elements satire south_park parker said main goal portray friends kids kids means accurately showcasing like elementary school america guide ranked number list greatest cartoon characters 24th guide greatest villains vh1 greatest pop culture icons 19th greatest characters television special declaring second character television burns simpsons described bundle pure evil wrapped fat big package takes feral delight ign ranked place list south park characters commenting obvious choice number obvious choice right website stated despite worst human beings history fiction character loved ign concluded calling biggest contribution world animated characters south_park saying media major role south_park bigger length film based series appeared film soundtrack singing musical numbers performed movie tribute sketch short features attempting return dead kenny shop run kyle aired bbc television special commemorating 30th anniversary featured documentary film telling version film titular joke stan kyle kenny short aired tour rock band rush commissioned short video introduction song dressed long wig look like singer sings personal version song lyrics prompting usual outrage kyle video seen band concert video main protagonist series promotional videos played big screen inside character rival teams aspects game short clips introducing starting lineup football team featured abc coverage match plants zombies time plant costume hat resembling parker gave answers conducted npr parker performs tracks chef aid south_park album christmas classics appears south_park related video games south_park controlled player person shooter mode attempts ward enemies town south_park south_park chef user option playing participating game based popular arcade games racing game user race users playing characters choosing place variety vehicles south_park let tower defense play selected playable character establish tower defense game antagonists south_park leader tribes south_park war later companion character style game cover poker face released rock band video game series based version heard episode whale released day original featuring lead vocals | Eric Cartman | Media and drama | Television | South Park series |
19037_StanMarsh | main character animated television series south_park voiced loosely based series creator stan central characters friends debuted television south_park aired august having appeared spirit christmas shorts created parker long time collaborator jesus jesus santa stan fourth grade student commonly extraordinary experiences typical conventional small town life fictional hometown south_park colorado stan generally depicted friendly helpful relaxed shares best friend kyle leadership role protagonist stan expressing distinct lack esteem adults influences adult south_park residents rarely use critical like south_park characters stan animated computer way emulate original method animation appears length feature film south_park bigger south_park related media merchandise parker stone portray stan having common tendencies dialogue intended reflect views adult oriented issues frequently cited numerous publications experts fields politics religion popular culture philosophy role stan lives south_park street parents secretary clinic stan family includes year old sister beats grandfather calls stan billy previously stan help commit suicide stan attends garrison fourth grade class episodes season episode 4th grade stan main child characters grade birthday listed october day creator facebook page season episode friends stan frequently embarrassed annoyed father antics frequent acts public stan relationship nephew uncle received moderate attention seasons main characters kyle defined jewish kid recognized greed kenny notable poor frequently dying opposed having prominent distinguishing trait stan portrayed words official website normal average american mixed kid stan modeled parker kyle modeled stone stan kyle best friends relationship intended reflect real life friendship parker stone common topic series disagreements reconcile long term damage friendship case friends classmates stan frequently odds behavior openly mocking weight stan shares close friendship kenny kenny stan best friends guy stan understand kenny voice perfectly typically god killed kenny following kenny trademark deaths allowing kyle follow stan character group steady girlfriend relationship recurring topic earlier seasons despite declaring couple season episode list dumped season seven episode relationship received relatively focus recent seasons running gag nervous stan approaches kiss speak episodes stan ethics beliefs moral contentious issues reflect lessons attained speech begins know learned today character creation design unnamed precursor stan appeared spirit christmas short dubbed jesus created parker stone students character composed construction paper animated use stop motion asked years later friend create short video christmas card send friends parker stone created similarly animated spirit christmas short dubbed jesus santa stan appeared stan appeared august south_park debuted episode gets anal probe tradition animation style stan composed simple shapes primary colors offered free range motion associated hand drawn characters character shown angle movements animated intentionally fashion second episode weight gain season stan like characters animated computer software portrayed impression utilizes original technique stan usually depicted winter attire consists brown jacket blue jeans red gloves red blue cap adorned decorative red rare instances stan seen cap shown black hair given season episode elephant makes love pig sharing surname marsh parker paternal step grandfather originally voicing stan computer manipulation parker speaks normal vocal range adding recorded audio edited pitch altered voice sound like fourth stan birthday october birthday stan year birth personality traits stan foul trait present friends means parker stone display claim young boys talk responding certain situations particularly earlier seasons stan pretty right stan cynical parker notes underlying sweetness character time magazine described stan friends cruel core innocence functions toilet humor favorite television personalities canadian duo comedy routines revolve substantially jokes stan avid animal lover highly uncle hunting known commit feeling compassion baby farm going far hide room protect slaughtered later forced quit severe illness developed fights animal rights member saving whale adult stan consistently trusted chef worker school stan generally holds rest adult population low regard tendency behave subjected media stories skeptical engage behavior doubts legitimacy medicine declares dangerous regards claiming psychic specifically declaring biggest universe turning years old stan diagnosed series treated medical disorder sees instead people animals hear noises music voices stan friendships main characters ended parents divorced moved home episode formed cliffhanger set widespread speculation series coming end premiere second half season resolved arc stan erroneously diagnosed discovers struggling repair life finally explains doesn want things normal parents life repaired end episode implies stan permanently bound whiskey continue everyday life cultural impact stan ranked ign place list south park characters commenting acts voice reason midst insane events ways mature father website concluded history stable thoughtful characters series perfect choice voice matt creative professional stan frequently offers perspective religion center controversial episodes series trapped closet season recognized founder denouncing church big fat global nineteen seasons stan addressed topics homosexuality hate crime legislation civil liberties illegal immigration voting alcoholism race relations commentary issues interpreted statements parker stone attempting viewing public opinions subject critical analysis media literary world book south_park philosophy know learned today includes essay philosophy professor compares stan actions reasoning philosophical teachings essay philosophy professor references stan decision vote candidate school mascot season episode describing political philosophy claimed party system essays books south_park philosophy bigger longer south_park analyzed stan perspectives framework popular philosophical theological political concepts | Stan Marsh | Media and drama | Television | South Park series |
23731_KyleBroflovski | spelled main character comedy central series south_park voiced loosely based creator kyle central characters friends debuted television south_park aired august having appeared spirit christmas shorts created stone long time collaborator jesus jesus santa kyle fourth grade student commonly extraordinary experiences typical conventional small town life fictional hometown south_park colorado kyle distinctive jewish children feels like outsider core group characters portrayal role dealt praise criticism jewish viewers kyle animated computer way emulate original method animation appears length feature film south_park bigger south_park related media merchandise parker stone portray kyle having common tendencies dialogue intended reflect views adult oriented issues frequently cited numerous publications experts fields politics religion popular culture philosophy role south_park kyle attends garrison class episodes kyle students grade following fourth grade lives south_park father lawyer mother housewife fits mold jewish mother stereotype referred polish jews mutually share strong devotion jewish religion expressing deep concern multiple times kyle faith judaism kyle younger brother named kyle learns adopted originally canada episode attempts teach kyle important morals mother outspoken manipulative nature usually kyle tends truly loves takes offense insult offer engages reckless act like football kyle shows concern brother initially reluctant embrace brother learning adopted genuine affection older brother persuaded kyle love return regard true family kyle modeled stone stan modeled parker kyle stan best friends relationship intended reflect real life friendship parker stone common topic series disagreements reconcile long term damage friendship official website defines kyle role friends smart provides sober thought plans ideas boys explains moral outlook drawing vast knowledge intelligence tends offer reasonable scientific explanations situations view supernatural nature opposition propaganda episodes focus kyle religion lone jew resulted significantly pronounced series progresses parker stone compared relationship shared 1970s sitcom family kyle makes cracks weight horrified disgusted cruelty greed rivalry point kyle obsessed beating stan kenny process tendency thinks safe losing actions promised accomplished claimed kenny friend order avoid having spend night poverty stricken household kyle professed friendship kenny shown genuine concern kenny health safety kyle normally reaction following stan popular god killed kenny kenny trademark deaths near end production run fifth season parker stone contemplated having episode kyle killed reasoning idea genuinely surprise fans allow opportunity provide major role breakout character popularity growing viewers creators parker stone initially chose kyle deemed similar stan terms personality instead character kenny chosen seemingly killed good episode kenny dies duo claimed grew tired tradition having kenny die episode regarded character prop kenny returned year long absence season finale red remained main character episodes kyle draws sense social purpose moral outrage reflects lessons learned course episode speech begins know learned today kyle acknowledged trend season episode states gives speech week attempt try better season seven episode butt repeatedly reminds friends continuously allow potentially events occur able situation giving speech gathered kyle mother reveals episode hair kyle goes away kyle gets kidney unexplained seemingly brought numerous occasions kyle ill sick classmates speculation poor immune system character creation design unnamed precursor kyle appeared spirit christmas short dubbed jesus created parker stone students character composed construction paper animated stop motion asked years later friend create short video christmas card send friends parker stone created similarly animated spirit christmas short dubbed jesus santa short appearance kyle styled series given developing character parker recalled jewish student entire hometown colorado described token jewish person stone jewish recalled experiences youth predominantly christian neighborhood parker decided incorporate aspects character kyle appeared august south_park debuted episode gets anal probe second episode weight gain season kyle like characters animated computer software presented impression utilizes original technique keeping animation style kyle composed simple shapes offered free range motion associated hand drawn characters character generally shown angle movements animated intentionally fashion kyle usually depicted wearing winter attire consists bright green bright orange jacket dark green pants lime green gloves rare instances shown cap bright red auburn hat influenced character portrayed film musical originally voiced kyle computer manipulation stone speaking normal vocal range adding recorded audio edited pitch altered voice sound like fourth personality traits like friends kyle foul means parker stone display claim young boys talk parker notes kyle cynical underlying sweetness character time described kyle friends cruel core innocence functions toilet humor favorite television personalities canadian duo comedy routines revolve substantially jokes kyle displays highest moral standard boys usually depicted intelligent describing kyle stone states character susceptible instances kyle child class initially fall victim ploy resulted fit resentment frustration jew kyle defends shows pride religion ancestry lonely regard particularly christmas time takes anticipating annual appearance anthropomorphic piece emerges sewer spread christmas cheer recurring plot element depiction kyle insecure jewish traditions beliefs god cruel allowing suffer life threatening enjoys million dollar inheritance kyle appalled read story job feared having grown catholic instances renounced affiliation judaism faith restored events occurring end episode watching passion christ kyle suddenly felt anti justified suggested angry members jews apologize death jesus kyle guilt encounters film director kyle cousin named kyle embodiment jewish stereotypes causing kyle question self jew kyle choreographed dancing eyes stereotype jews rhythm birthday day stone kyle conceived new_jersey cultural impact kyle depiction drawn praise criticism jewish community detractors character cite habit common jewish practices negative stereotypes comedic purposes supportive jewish viewers kyle accurately portray like young jew endure loneliness ethnic religious minority popular episodes passion jew season deals largely kyle religious anxiety episode independently released dvd religion themed episodes series seasons kyle addressed topics brotherhood excessive litigation hate crime legislation civil liberties profanity television hybrid vehicle ownership economy season episode cartoon wars kyle expresses opinions censorship parker stone sentiments topic telling television executive okay regard subject remain limits satire parker stone disappointment episode received attention criticism family guy kyle proclamation kyle opinions subject critical analysis media literary world book south_park philosophy know learned today includes essay philosophy professor references teachings describing kyle role essays books south_park philosophy bigger longer south_park analyzed kyle perspectives framework popular philosophical theological political concepts media kyle major role south_park bigger length film based series appeared film soundtrack singing musical numbers performed movie tribute sketch short features kyle owner shop attempts return dead kenny aired bbc television special commemorating 30th anniversary kyle featured documentary film listening tell version film titular joke short aired stone performs kyle tracks chef aid south_park album christmas classics kyle appears south_park related video games south_park kyle controlled player person shooter mode attempts ward enemies town south_park south_park chef user option playing kyle participating game based popular arcade games racing game user race kyle players selecting variety vehicles south_park let tower defense play kyle selected playable character establish tower defense game antagonists kyle role plays game south_park | Kyle Broflovski | Media and drama | Television | South Park series |
24763_SouthPark | south_park south_park american adult animated sitcom created television network revolves boys bizarre adventures titular colorado town like simpsons south_park uses large ensemble cast recurring characters intended mature audiences infamous crude language dark surreal humor wide range topics parker stone developed animated shorts created internet viral videos ultimately led production series south_park debuted august great success consistently earning highest ratings basic cable program subsequent ratings varied remains highest rated shows slated air pilot episode produced animation subsequent episodes created software technique parker stone perform voice acting episode typically written produced week preceding broadcast parker serving primary writer director total episodes course seasons season premiere september south_park received numerous accolades including primetime emmy awards award numerous publications lists greatest television shows popularity resulted feature length theatrical film south_park bigger longer uncut released june years premiere commercial critical success guide ranked south_park tenth greatest cartoon time premise setting characters follows exploits boys boys live fictional small town south_park located real life south_park basin rocky_mountains central colorado town home assortment frequent characters students families elementary school staff residents tend regard south_park bland quiet place live prominent settings include local elementary school bus stop neighborhoods surrounding snowy landscape actual colorado landmarks shops businesses town main street based appearance similar locations town colorado stan portrayed group official website describes average american 4th kyle lone jew group portrayal role dealt stan modeled parker kyle modeled stone stan kyle best friends friendship intended reflect real life friendship parker stone common topic series usually referred surname loud manipulative racist literal portrayed antagonist anti semitic attitude resulted progressing rivalry kyle deeper reason antagonistic relationship strong clash kyle strong morality complete lack kenny comes poor family wears hood tightly covers face speech seasons kenny die nearly episode returning little definitive explanation given written sixth season appearing season finale practice killing kenny seldom creators episodes boys grade season episode 4th grade entered fourth grade remained plots set motion events ranging fairly typical supernatural extraordinary frequently happen town boys act voice reason events cause panic behavior adult populace depicted prone boys frequently confused contradictory behavior parents adults perceive having distorted views morality society themes style episode opens tongue cheek characters events based real people entirely fictional celebrity voices poorly following program contains coarse language content viewed south_park weekly program assigned rating generally intended adult audiences boys child characters use strong profanity taboo words typical broadcast use language serves means parker stone display claim young boys talk south_park commonly makes use techniques numerous running gags violence sexual content pop cultural references satirical portrayal celebrities early episodes tended shock value oriented featured style humor social satire occasionally earlier prevalent series progressed retaining focus boys fondness humor attempt remind adult viewers like years old parker stone began developing characters giving larger roles certain storylines began writing plots based religion politics numerous topics provided opportunity spoof extreme sides contentious issues liberal conservative points view parker stone describe equal opportunity offenders main agenda funny people laugh stating particular topic group people spared expense subject satire parker stone insist kids kids like elementary school america stating introduction satirical element series result adding moral center rely simply crude shocking attempt maintain audience tendency cynical parker notes underlying sweetness aspect child characters time described boys cruel core innocence usually boys characters episode convey important lesson taken short monologue earlier seasons speech commonly begin variation phrase know learned today origins creation soon meeting film class parker stone created animated short entitled spirit christmas film created construction paper stop motion features prototypes main characters south_park including character resembling named kenny unnamed character resembling today kenny near identical unnamed characters resemble stan kyle fox network executive mutual friend commissioned parker stone create second short film video christmas card created second spirit christmas short resembled style later series closely differentiate shorts short referred jesus second short jesus santa sent copies video friends copied distributed including internet viral videos jesus santa popular parker stone began talks developing short television series fox refused pick series wanting air included character talking piece entered negotiations mtv parker preferred produced fearing mtv turn kids executive watched short commissioned developed series parker stone assembled small staff spent months creating pilot episode gets anal probe south_park danger canceled aired fared poorly test audiences particularly women shorts gaining popularity internet comedy central agreed order run episodes south_park debuted gets anal probe august production pilot episode produced animation episodes south_park created use software opposed pilot took months complete animated traditionally hand drawn companies south_korea process takes roughly months individual episodes south_park significantly time produce computers animation method production staff able generate episode weeks seasons staff people episodes typically completed week little days nearly entire production episode accomplished set offices originally complex los_angeles california california parker stone executive producers entire history served south_park executive producer season 20th century served executive producer seasons coordinating production efforts comedy central headquarters new_york_city scripts written season begins production episode begins thursday writing parker stone staff writers include written scripts films served host money wrote film thing tenure seasons television producer writer idol parker stone served guest writing consultant season seven episodes cancelled little bit country 12th 13th seasons saturday night live actor writer served creative consultant producer exchanging ideas parker write script entire team animators editors technicians sound engineers typically work hours ensuing week fourth season parker assumed directorial duties stone relinquished share directing focus handling coordination business aspects production wednesday completed episode sent headquarters satellite hours air time eastern time parker stone state week deadline creates creative process feel results funnier schedule allows south_park stay respond quickly specific current events animated shows earliest examples season episode references raid house affair event occurred days episode originally aired season episode best friends forever references case originally aired midst controversy hours died scene season seven finale christmas canada references discovery dictator spider hole subsequent capture happened mere days prior episode airing season episode night revolves barack_obama victory presidential election aired hours obama declared winner segments dialogue obama real victory speech october failed meet production deadline time power october production studio prevented episode season kids dawn finished time episode rescheduled air week later october july south_park renewed extending season episodes overall animation style animation inspired paper cut cartoons flying circus parker stone lifelong fans construction paper traditional stop motion animation techniques original animated shorts pilot episode subsequent episodes produced computer animation providing similar look originals requiring fraction time produce computer artists begin episode series drawn provided storyboard artists characters objects composed simple shapes primary colors child characters size shape distinguished clothing characters presented angle movements animated intentionally fashion purposely offered free range motion associated hand drawn characters occasionally non fictional characters depicted photographic actual head face lieu face reminiscent traditional style canadians portrayed minimalist fashion simple eyes halves heads simply characters speak began computers cardboard drawn imported characters linked render farm render shots hour beginning season animators began maya instead studio runs render farm produce shots hour maya high end programs mainly computer graphics producer animation director notes initially chosen features helped animators retain look making visual effects created motion newer graphics program created mac operating system visual quality improved recent seasons techniques intentionally preserve cheap animation look episodes feature sections live action footage incorporated styles animation portions season premiere good times weapons anime style season episode love partly season episode major homage animated film scenes accomplished voice cast parker stone voice male south_park characters voiced majority female characters suicide november succeeded leaving seventh season replaced april stewart marshall continues voice female characters originally listed credits alias protect reputation voice disney kid friendly characters stewart originally credited credited rock opera performance pseudonym blue girl voice actors members south_park production staff voiced minor characters episodes staff members voice recurring characters supervising producer voices student producer storyboard artist voices school black student writing consultant voices anthropomorphic named production supervisor voices slave gay lover garrison run voices characters provided small children production staff voicing child characters voice actors speak normal vocal range adding recorded audio edited pitch altered voice sound like fourth voiced character chef black soul singing worker adults boys consistently trusted agreed voice character parker stone ideal candidates included lived hosted radio new_york tenure south_park record dialogue digital audio tape respective episode director directions phone tape shipped production studio california left early character chef killed season premiere return chef guest stars celebrities depicted usually celebrities voices celebrities voiced include jay_leno bands comedy team voiced characters representing season episode hair duo collaborative effort years appears live action sequences narrator season episode guest starred speaking characters south_park earliest seasons high profile celebrities guest starring joke parker stone responded offering low profile non speaking roles accepted provided stan dog season episode big gay big gay boat ride provided cat season finale mom dirty voiced kid eating monster season episode city edge forever offered lend voice thanksgiving episode declined appear offered role turkey music parker says varying uses music importance south_park characters play sing songs order change influence group behavior educate frequently features scenes characters reactions performances certain popular musicians original score composer sound synthesis simulate small orchestra frequently alluded existing famous pieces music signature acoustic guitar cues establishing shots left los_angeles based provided original music seven seasons credited sole score composer contributions achieved production offices reads script creates score digital audio software audio file edited fit completed episode addition singing effort explain children chef sing things relevant plot songs original compositions written parker performed sexually suggestive style utilized music career band consists parker stone staff members perform music compositions character death listed chef band closing credits elton_john meat guest starred briefly performed season episode chef aid debuted single falling away guest stars season episode title sequence original theme song musical score performed band lyrics alternately sung band lead singer central characters kenny lines altered seasons original composition originally slower sped instrumental version original composition played closing credits song melody similar song opening theme song remixed times course series including remix performed theme music remixed song colonel album purple distribution episodes international internationally south_park broadcast india new_zealand countries europe latin_america channels divisions distribution deals independent networks broadcast series international markets australia broadcast comedy channel season edited uncut season uncut series broadcast canada english comedy network later south_park airs ireland scotland mtv previously channel_4 serbia syndication broadcast syndication rights south_park acquired respectively episodes edited content began running syndication september aired united_states rating 20th television replaced distributor early series currently aired syndication percent television markets canada generates estimated million year advertising revenue home media eighteen seasons south_park available entirety dvd themed dvd compilations released episode story arc reissued straight dvd length feature streaming march comedy central episode south_park available free length demand legal streaming official website march december new episodes added site day following debut version posted following day episode stayed remainder week taken added site weeks later week site served million streams episodes number grew million october legal issues prevent content accessible outside local set countries september website streaming episodes launched canada episodes available streaming website digital rights restrictions longer available july announced signed year deal purchasing exclusive online streaming rights south_park reported million dollars following announcement episode remained available free website player september following premiere eighteenth season select episodes featured free viewing time basis website new episodes available entire month starting day following original entire series available viewing plus april season episode super best friends season fourteen episodes depict muslim prophet muhammad removed site additionally episodes longer air available exclusively dvd episodes remain unavailable following purchase rendered episodes debut season finale series produced standard definition series switched produced high definition beginning thirteenth season seasons originally produced standard definition remastered completely rendered scene scene frame frame original resolution high definition additionally original aspect ratio converted rendering process took years resulted picture quality true opposed converted rendered episodes earlier seasons feature original audio tracks previously released public reception ratings south_park debuted huge ratings success seen largely responsible success channel putting network map episode gets anal probe earned nielsen rating viewers time considered high cable program instantly generated buzz television viewers mass viewing parties began assembling college campuses time eighth episode aired months debuted ratings viewership south_park successful history tenth episode aired following february viewership increased percent episode earned rating time times average rating earned cable aired prime time ratings peaked second episode season mom dirty aired april episode earned rating million viewers time set record highest rated non sports basic cable history spring highest rated shows basic cable south_park episodes success south_park prompted cable companies carry comedy central led fastest growing cable channels number households jumped million million june debuted earned second commercial year paying average seconds advertising time south_park second season paid season series ratings began decrease season premiere episode drew million viewers dramatic drop million previous season premiere stone parker attributed drop ratings media hype surrounded previous year adding season ratings reflected true fan base ratings dropped fourth season episodes averaging million viewers ratings eventually increased seasons consistently averaged million viewers episode viewership lower height popularity earliest seasons south_park remains highest rated series season premiere gained million viewers highest rated season premiere awards channel_4 voted south_park greatest cartoon time time magazine included list best shows time proclaiming america best source rapid fire satire past decade year rolling_stone declared funniest television debut years prior south_park named 12th greatest past years entertainment_weekly aol declared having characters history naming 16th best television comedy series time south_park voted number greatest animated series poll entertainment_weekly character ranked 10th guide list greatest cartoon characters vh1 greatest pop culture icons 19th greatest characters television special second list characters burns simpsons received award south_park stringent social commentary undeniably fearless self important american life ranked south_park number best written shows guide listed number greatest cartoons time south_park won award best animated series year awards given south_park nominated annie award outstanding achievement animated primetime late night television program nominated award outstanding individual episode big gay big gay boat ride south_park nominated emmy award outstanding animated program times won award outstanding animated program programming hour times episode best friends forever episode love episode episode raising bar trilogy episodes won emmy award outstanding animated program criticism controversy frequent depiction taboo subject matter general toilet humor accessibility younger viewers disregard conservative negative depiction liberal causes portrayal religion comic effect main sources generating controversy debate course run series popular students schools barred wearing south_park related shirts parent councils united_kingdom expressed concern year old children voted south_park character favorite personality poll parker stone assert meant viewed young children certified ratings indicate intention mature audiences founder action children television founder condemned claiming dangerous democracy activist groups protested parodies christianity portrayal jesus christ stone claims parents south_park portrayal kids behave upset vision kids like adding kids don kind social complete little raging controversy surrounding use profanity media attention surrounding network singular use word shit season premiere hits fan word shit said times censorship purposes appearing written form days following original airing sent despite uses racial season episode generated relatively little controversy black community praised episode context comedic way conveying races perceptions black people feel hearing word specific controversies included april day prank played viewers depiction season finale bloody mary angered catholics depiction stuck chest episode hell earth originally aired months killed fashion censorship depiction muhammad season episode cartoon wars wake muhammad cartoons controversy season episode trapped closet big fat global freely church information normally reveals members significant monetary contributions church episode parodies rumors involving sexual orientation allegedly demanded episode canceled later quit south_park objection episode season fourteen episodes controversy issues surrounding depiction islamic prophet muhammad website organization revolution muslim new_york based radical muslim organization posted entry included warning creators parker stone risk violent retribution depictions muhammad said probably wind like airing posting provided addresses new_york production company los_angeles author post prefers called said meant serve warning parker stone threat providing addresses meant people opportunity protest despite claims website entry warning media outlets observers interpreted threat support episode come form everybody draw day movement started facebook encourages people draw muhammad episode depicted cocaine prompted government sri_lanka ban series outright influence cultural commentary episodes interpreted statements parker stone attempting viewing public opinions subject critical analysis media literary world framework popular philosophical theological social political concepts south_park debuted college students written term papers doctoral analyzing offers course called south_park political soon kenny trademark deaths characters typically shout god killed kenny quickly popular running gag kenny recurring deaths recognized viewers modern television respect screw guys going home earlier seasons highly popular viewers eccentric hey included edition season episode chef aid attorney uses called defense legal strategy involves addressing plot holes related film return discussing trial hand closing argument deliberate attempt confuse thinking reasonable doubt term defense documented forensic scientists political commentators discussions similar methods legal cases public forums season episode revolves group suggests run corporation stealing people asked business model reply theirs step process phase collect phase profit unable explain occur final steps phase accompanied large question mark corporate flow chart profit steps process usually jokingly widely popular internet especially context politics economics commentators characterize conspicuous gap logic planning discovered gene causes adult fruit fly die days infected certain bacteria named gene honor kenny political conservatives condemned growing population people hold center right political beliefs including teenagers young adults embraced tendency mock liberal viewpoints liberal celebrities icons political commentator dubbed group south_park republicans south_park conservatives sullivan classified group extremely skeptical political socially liberal issues says phrase applied meant casual indication beliefs strong partisan label describes group generally characterized holding strong beliefs rejecting conservative social policy notes makes wicked fun conservatives forefront conservative revolt liberal media parker stone alignment particular political affiliation deny having political agenda creating episode claim higher ratio instances liberal stems simply preference fun liberals conservatives stone quoted saying hate conservatives fucking hate liberals stone parker explained drive given target comes target insistence telling people behave duo explains perceive liberals having remain free satire enforce political citizens parker stone uncomfortable idea south_park applied kind partisan classification parker said rejects south_park republican south_park conservative labels notion feeling tag implies strictly conservative liberal viewpoints canadian columnist observes die hard conservatives identified south_park republicans began turning away label ridiculed republicans season episode best friends forever film years series aired feature length film released film musical comedy directed parker wrote script stone film generally received critics earned combined million domestic foreign box office film controversy surrounding gained spot edition swearing animated film song blame canada film soundtrack earned song writers parker academy_award nomination original song parker stone said interview theatrically released sequel likely concludes series asked official south_park website sequel said south_park movie potent recovering blow unfortunately current moment plans second south_park movie know future bring things happened time called south_park bigger sixth greatest animated feature time relinquished paramount_pictures rights finance potential future south_park film negotiations finance science fiction film previous efforts create second south_park film complicated studios retaining certain rights property media merchandise shorts tribute sketch short features attempting return dead kenny shop run kyle aired bbc television special commemorating 30th anniversary south_park parodied short aired short entitled fun main characters featured documentary film listening tell version film titular joke short clips introducing starting lineup football team featured abc coverage matchup parker gave answers conducted npr rush intro stan kyle kenny preceding parker stone producer fans special south_park pre game videos featured kings home games club sent stanley cup visit winning finals parker stone created themed shorts featuring home games music chef aid south_park album compilation original songs characters performing cover songs tracks performed guest artists released christmas classics compilation songs performed characters episode christmas themed songs released soundtrack feature film song chocolate balls performed released single support chef aid south_park album number hit video games following early success series video games based series released person shooter simply titled south_park released nintendo playstation followed south_park chef party video game featuring mini games playstation nintendo racing game released playstation nintendo parker stone little development games apart providing voice acting publicly criticized acclaim quality south_park games produced south_park game development acclaim cancelled parker stone thought game wasn right system main kids parker stone prototype cartridge game making south_park video game published nintendo_power issue south_park game development playstation xbox gamecube cancelled unknown reasons prototype game found xbox development kit decision form small group called things work creating new south_park games involve studio creators heavily title south_park let tower defense play tower defense game developed released service xbox console xbox live arcade game south_park released spring south_park role playing video game written parker stone originally scheduled released march xbox playstation consoles game eventually released march positive reviews sequel announced titled south_park fractured merchandising merchandising related industry generates million dollars year selling specialty shirt united_states based south_park million shirt sales reached season south_park machine released companies fun produced south_park action figures dolls comedy central entered agreement sell million bags favorite premiere second half fifteenth season october | South Park | Media and drama | Television | South Park series |
27004_KennyMcCormick | spelled main character animated adult television series south_park friends speech result hood covering mouth provided creator debuted television south_park aired august having appeared spirit christmas shorts created stone long time collaborator jesus jesus santa kenny later fourth grade student commonly extraordinary experiences typical conventional small town life hometown south_park colorado lives impoverished family kenny animated computer look original method animation appears length feature film south_park bigger true appearance voice revealed south_park merchandise running gag prevalent seasons series kenny suffer death returning alive episode little definitive explanation given stan frequently use god killed kenny followed kyle media commentators published interpretations aspects running gag philosophical societal viewpoints began sixth season practice killing kenny seldom creators episodes set gag presenting number explanations kenny role south_park kenny attends garrison fourth grade class episodes kenny main child characters grade kenny comes poor household presided violent alcoholic unemployed irish scottish father mother job washing dishes olive garden kenny older brother named kevin younger sister shown family season episode best friends forever appearance 15th season episode poor kid revealed karen loves kenny friends stan kyle indicated maintains friendship solely pity kenny regularly teased living poverty particularly kenny superhero alter ego appeared season episode rival eponymous superhero alter ego end episode identity left intentionally ambiguous revealed kenny season episode rises character appearance story arc deaths prior season kenny died episode nature deaths portrayed absurd fashion usually followed stan kyle respectively god killed kenny shortly afterward rats commonly appear begin picking corpse following episode kenny alive usually explanation characters appear oblivious indifferent phenomenon occasionally acknowledge awareness hair kenny gets irritated offended stan kyle critical condition utterly ignoring kenny past commented kenny deaths episode sued unsafe rides insisting attorneys representing family kenny dies time near end production run fifth season parker stone contemplated having episode kenny killed permanently reasoning idea genuinely surprise fans allow opportunity provide major role breakout character popularity growing viewers creators episode kenny dies kenny dies developing terminal muscular parker stone claimed kenny returning subsequent episodes duo insisted grew tired tradition having kenny die episode stone stated thinking humorous ways kill character initially fun mundane series progressed determined difficult develop character prop parker stone finally decided kill kenny permanently kenny dies episode characters cared dying said doesn stay dead like okay let easy decision think lot people probably haven noticed couldn care sick character article season kenny remained dead stone parker entertained idea eventually bringing character according stone small minority fans significantly angered kenny absence threaten boycott cable channel south_park aired season stan kyle fill void left kenny allowing characters group paving way characters receive focus kenny returned year long absence season finale red remained main character given larger roles episodes character longer dies week killed occasionally episodes following return explanation given kenny deaths given joins baby exactly like kenny including characteristic orange shortly kenny dies god time happened quickly replies second explanation expanded season episodes rises friends kenny playing friends claims super power actually dies times episodes committing suicide bed time annoyed angry remember dying time know source power unbeknownst parents previously connected death cult kenny shoots second time scream happening minutes later shown gently placing newborn kenny bed gone stupid cult meeting husband return bed character creation design developing character creators observed groups childhood friends small middle class towns included poor kid decided portray kenny light unnamed precursor kenny appeared spirit christmas short dubbed jesus created parker stone students character composed construction paper animated use stop motion tasked years later friend create short video christmas card send friends parker stone created similarly animated spirit christmas short dubbed jesus santa short kenny given appears series kenny appeared august south_park debuted episode gets anal probe tradition animation style kenny composed simple shapes primary colors offered free range motion associated hand drawn characters character shown angle movements animated intentionally fashion second episode weight gain season kenny like characters animated computer software portrayed impression utilizes original technique effect kenny speech achieved stone hand provides kenny lines recorded audio edited pitch altered voice sound like fourth technique kenny frequently implies lines sexually explicit improvised stone appeared hood south_park bigger revealed golden hair cameo appearance moment film mike judge provided voice kenny line dialogue goodbye guys occasions episodes originally aired film release seen unlike bigger entire face seen television series partially obscured altered losing edge speaks instances case producer provides kenny voice episodes seasons kenny major speaking role character personality traits child characters foul kenny dialogue parker stone state depict kenny friends manner order display young boys talk kenny cynical parker notes nonetheless underlying sweetness aspect character time magazine described kenny friends cruel core innocence toilet humor functions favorite television personalities canadian duo comedy routines revolve substantially jokes kenny shown desire intercourse episode ring kenny gets girlfriend find reputation kenny portrayed eager things attempt impress earn money conversely alter ego seemingly mature minded exception instance rises takes delight irritating convinces parents better care children seen reaction questions cult uses disguise protect sister karen refers guardian angel revealed poor kid despite character flaws kenny usually depicted dying sake role playing kenny shown prefer playing female hero discovered episode black friday continued sequel episodes called song ass fire follow dragons episodes kenny cross dresses fantasy style princess wig dress similar video game character japanese speaking anime character point complains going real princess princess kenny responds translator stan angrily calling ball lesbian portrayal continues video game south_park notes playing chick kenny rolling right kenny sister refers kenny female talk house game kenny posts status updates referring refers female cultural impact kenny deaths known popular culture things viewers commonly associated south_park earlier seasons god killed kenny quickly popular kenny phrase appeared popular pieces south_park merchandise including shirts baseball caps inspired rap song kenny dead master featured chef aid south_park album running gag kenny deaths earlier seasons incorporated season episode best friends forever kenny state kept alive feeding tube media circus erupted tube removed allow kenny die episode received attention served provide commentary case originally airing day died episode earned south_park emmy award outstanding animated program kenny deaths subject critical analysis media literary world book south_park philosophy bigger longer penetrating essay philosophy professor entitled killing kenny daily dose death suggests fashion recurring gag serves help viewer comfortable death book south_park philosophy know learned today professor wrote essay concerning parallels kenny role different concepts discovered gene causes adult fruit fly die days infected certain bacteria named gene kenny honor character media kenny major role south_park bigger length film based series appeared film soundtrack singing albeit lines song mountain town film tribute sketch short features kenny dead friend returned shop run kyle aired bbc television special commemorating 30th anniversary kenny featured documentary film listening tell version film titular joke short aired kenny appears south_park related video games south_park kenny controlled player person shooter mode attempts ward enemies town south_park south_park chef user option playing kenny participating game based popular arcade games racing game user race kenny users playing characters choosing place variety vehicles south_park let tower defense play kenny selected playable character establish tower defense game antagonists south_park kenny selected companion course game | Kenny McCormick | Media and drama | Television | South Park series |
7889_RachelBradley | fictional character portrayed british comedy drama television series cold feet rachel introduced pilot episode begins relationship relationship highs lows series rachel reveals secret husband series abortion second supposedly prevents child future adam marry series surprised discover pregnant fourth begin raising child fifth series rachel life cut short killed car crash character originally devised fantasy girlfriend constructed amalgamation writer female friends series developed input rachel storylines provided producers rachel adam attempt series wife tried originally planned rachel adam adopt child fourth series real life pregnancy meant storyline rewritten character actress received mixed reviews critics series received best actress award portrayal rachel pilot nominated british comedy award television reviewers criticised character series began rachel diagnosis syndrome fourth series drew criticism consulted writing storyline series ended increase number people taking life insurance policies provider spokesperson company attributed rachel premature death creation backstory devised writer central characters pilot episode cold feet conceived fantasy girlfriend incorporating elements man perfect girlfriend actress incorporated elements female friend known age popularly known starring role bbc medical drama available halfway casting process pilot invited audition initially reluctant read role believed able good comic performance executive producer persuaded performed black comedy suited rachel producer described perfect rachel reading having chemistry auditioned role eventually cast time series initial concerns gone felt comfortable acting comic actors speaking found rachel difficult play playing nice girl hard play characters came somebody said mike writer come said fantasy girl found hard end felt thing hyper real natural character backstory presented cold feet man woman guide life compiled scripts rachel read french spent season working girl french alps met best friend returned england karen married rachel began career advertising industry character arc relationship adam beginning pilot episode rachel dumped boyfriend recently taken job hong_kong want burden rachel deciding shortly car supermarket car park row fault crash things giving phone number ostensibly case problem insurance writes number rear later rain time later rachel friend karen advises adam date date months later row rachel gets simon returned hong_kong adam wins wearing rose series begins months later rachel adam house horrified discover married years contacts husband briefly considering going dumping adam gets divorce misunderstanding karen rachel worries adam stopped finding sexually attractive agree sexual fantasies rachel shares adam sex shop window adam arranges keys shop rachel act fantasy arrested leads police series episode rachel reveals karen pregnant unsure father adam sex manchester adam turning proposal marriage believes father child leaving manchester train adam arrives station shortly train leaves love child regardless father rachel demonstrates mean train departs london abortion months later rachel returns manchester moves karen david spare room pete spots supermarket adam prepares thinks homecoming child instead rachel reveals pregnancy terminated unable cope knowing father adam abortion story devised avoid having couples series having children executive producers agreed having rachel suffer cop split terminate pregnancy worried effect character narrative audience think convinced realistic character rachel adam left arrives house middle night finds apparently middle new girlfriend amy resolves old job starts dating worker younger short agrees friends adam accompanying school reunion brief david younger brother getting adam learning treatment cancer trip away year rachel feels ready past incidents committed relationship rachel adam begin trying baby storyline devised wanted cold feet reflect relevant issues contemporary society featured heavily news felt incorporating series help raise awareness provide fodder characters story arcs rachel sperm injection treatment incorporated aspects real life treatment experienced wife eminent fertility scientist consulted extensively development plot spending thousand pounds treatment rachel doctor informs syndrome likely caused abortion despite unable children naturally rachel adam determined continue relationship adam proposes married civil ceremony series episode episode reunited estranged parents brian mary episode rachel spoken years father abuse mother mother staying refuses allow paul away instead asks david despite learning having extra marital affair reception inadvertently reveals parents sister daughter come lesbian son death funeral beginning series rachel upset adam begin application process adoption soon paired year old daughter drug adam bond meeting foster home adam rachel begin plans routine hospital appointment reveals rachel months pregnant social worker adoption application concerned effect new baby moves adam rachel adam rachel legal action adoption agency change minds foster mother jean persuades think effect reluctantly adam rachel walk away adoption instead plan baby original series story arc adam rachel radically different changed considerably learned pregnant time looking number ideas including alien abduction heavily pregnant rachel doctor advises safe fly australia pete wedding series episode day wedding ceremony rachel collapses outside hotel having gone labour months prematurely rushed hospital gives birth boy names beginning series set months birth rachel appears matthew refuses let adam hold lets sight adam abruptly leaves matthew naming ceremony feeling unable love child coming wife rachel reveals baby fell kitchen table left matter seconds said story rachel real experience trouble start problems birth obsessed baby adam work hard resolve differences big transition way protective baby amazing body instincts suddenly got real rachel observer television reviewer criticised plot unrealistic obsessive new mother spent hour son pre bottle rachel contention didn want dinner adam couldn bear leave month old matthew care best friend children far months baby duty hours day woman come ordinary guilt aside joy prospect bowl glass wine consumed matter course cold feet reflecting lives target audience revelation adam rachel willing leave matthew care leave ends returns work adam looks matthew period unemployment discover rented house sale rachel adam find perfect family home buy rachel drives auction car hit highway maintenance truck taken hospital emergency treatment dies later night church funeral service held ashes scattered location adam states matthew conceived character dies penultimate episode appears final episode rachel believed character punished divine retribution terrible sin terminating pregnancy told digital spy involved discussions creative staff incorporate rachel possible revival series reception performance pilot episode nominated comedy actress presented best actress award performance cold feet unsuitable job woman portrayal received mixed reviews television critics series began wrote lost edge playing instead making triumphant return british television tough talking woman cast character wrote rachel bland nice title irritating woman plot rachel analysed episode woman hour british pregnancy advisory service supplied information writing team research stages stated recorded case syndrome united_kingdom second world war stated consensus medical groups real direct link infection increase chances fertility problems interfered abortion senior lecturer film countered factual accuracy storyline depended producers wanted portray issue viewers opinion backed itv statement said stories cold feet chosen order people aware issues involved chosen dramatic potential relevance modern living woman hour presenter developed discussion article guardian mentioned impression given rachel suffered incorrectly performed operation travel eastern europe rachel managed conceive child critics retrospective rachel performance series ended new statesman wrote rachel near sex symbol comedy drama cold produced self absorbed tricky clue men death caused moment wheel powerful shocking tribute extent invested believed observer critic noted high profile role friends star cold feet series rachel eclipsed actors characters time final series spectator critic wrote wasn sorry poor old rachel deaths makes think poor baby boy goodness miss attributed portrayal character woman wrote episode featuring rachel death called killing character privilege recorded increase people taking life insurance policies spokesman attributed accident scenes portrayed dramatic realistic way following broadcast final episode information services received requests wedding packs time weddings week held character death continues ranked public polls opinions voted best drama moment bbc annual moments broadcast year poll conducted ranked scene rachel ashes bucket fifth best pub related television scenes death ranked number sky endings programme public poll promote rachel death ranked seventh emotional moment rachel wedding adam placed number channel programme opined woman heart broke married | Rachel Bradley | Media and drama | Television | Cold Feet |
12829_Pilot(ColdFeet) | pilot cold feet cold feet british television pilot directed stars adam rachel couple meet fall love relationship break gets cold feet appear supporting roles programme written bbc radio producer little experience tasked creating television production appeal middle class television audiences executive producer believed british television filming completed commissioning network itv shelved year eventually scheduled broadcast evening march network comedy strand sports coverage delayed hour ratings low critical reviews minimal positive critics enjoyed comedy drama format praised writing performances leads entered cold feet television festival awarded rose festival prize resulting itv quickly scheduling repeat broadcast end year won award itv british comedy awards incoming director channels ordered series ran successful years plot breaks long line spends evening pub friend pete arrives home late wife calculated night best time conceive child frustrated sees pete brought adam missed bus home boyfriend breaks dinner taking job hong_kong rachel angrily leaves restaurant friend asked husband david care son rachel crashes car adam supermarket car park brief argument adam suggests exchange phone numbers insurance purposes writes rear rain prompted pete adam spends day supermarket car park hope rachel cross paths meet dinner party held karen david karen suggests rachel advises adam date adam disappointed rachel want sex eventually suggests play happens theatre near house play dismal rachel decides time slept takes pregnancy test negative adam arrives recounts dates rachel pete telling loves rachel following discussion pete women commitment adam argues rachel angrily leaves flat seconds later simon returns telling rachel turned hong_kong job getting locked house karen david holding demanding embarrassed shown colleagues determined rachel adam goes simon flat wearing rose pete arrive find simon chasing naked adam street fight interrupted passing policeman lists multiple adam committed rachel steps forward takes blame happened declares love adam leave pete watch tells pregnancy test positive production development writer script hour long comedy entitled perfect match produced controller comedy pleased balance script struck comedy drama eager develop television series middle class thirty pitch ideas perfect match assistant producer view making pilot initial idea typical boy meets girl boy loses girl boy wins girl story told sides relationship accepted pitch began writing draft influenced american television series film stories funny dramatic aspect believing little television aimed people like discussed lives friends personal experiences create characters adam based met wife rachel based combination fantasy girlfriend writing draft realised telling story sides relationship mean repeating audience seen introduced fantasy scenes idea characters reporting events slightly different way happened adam rachel originally living proposed moving setting manchester production costs existing studios based city wanted series commissioned itv agreed believing accessible viewers requirement series number potential storylines adam rachel plot self contained told expand supporting characters roles storylines script went seven drafts filmed interviewed directors hiring father director initially rejected script believing characters reading met backstage father taping compared story producer director joined production team casting commissioning pilot producers cast comedian known work cast played minor character perfect match role describes pete impressed natural comedy asked write role play accepted role want known forever playing fat bob sidekick series sketches introduced mutual friend brought audition adam seeing wonderfully expressive face advertisement audition asked reading accent believing northern irish characters rarely appeared contemporary british drama political baggage found approach refreshing cast adam halfway casting process actress available bafta scotland award nominated seen coup hesitant audition believed comedy persuaded qualified citing comedic performance cast rachel basis chemistry audition assumed reading role rachel surprised auditioning actresses seen finger predictable approach raised surrey adopt manchester accent managed sort manchester accent audition assuming cast worked improving accent spending time talking local people appearing casting arrived audition expect win david smooth management consultant assuming lot cast seen apart sitcom pilots attracted disciplined comic energy read rachel asked read karen social class matched character good actors appearing howard andrew old lady neighbour makes cameo appearance actor insisted having line visited set perfect match felt like spare filming music filming scheduled day period sets location manchester following week rehearsals shot entirely film stock climax involving rose required nearly naked open set save small visible screen risk production shut residents street filming complained police production manager ensured covered filmed filming minute scene took hours song female species space programme instrumental version plays opening credits lyrical version heard act montage track chosen heard chart rest incidental music main end credits theme composed adam song originally scripted rights song expensive song substituted got skin reception following post production programme shelved placed easter weekend schedule network comedy programming strand broadcast scheduled start march went head head launch night britain terrestrial television channel second drama missing broadcast march itv coverage race restarted accident threw itv evening schedules disarray broadcast cold feet eventually began minutes later originally advertised overnight ratings reflected recorded viewing figures million wrote failure telling series critical success came writing times day aired called enjoyable comedy aimed anybody single married children catholic appeal heightened heading talented cast showed itv trying win awards golden rose sun echoed bond reaction expressing surprise fast funny convincing comedy appeared itv calling treat sharply observed terrific itv committee selected cold feet represent network comedy drama category television festival end april unable attend rose ceremony sick flu took place programme won humour category golden rose festival highest honour jury headed itv director channels half influential ordering series director programmes called win reflection brilliant production acting talents team itv network controller comedy called exactly kind comedy itv met itv executives outline series storylines established end success itv scheduled repeat cold feet time repeat brought million viewers making watched programme british television week seen original broadcast wrote lifted merely bow tight comic acting great script golden rose win particularly glorious achievement citing british programmes 1990s recognition came end year won best comedy drama itv award nominated nominated british comedy award television comedy actress lost dawn french won award programme retained interest reviewers years original broadcast writing said cast script characters endearing believable sale series package american cable network included pilot hired agency design series print media advertisements series run publications new_york_times based campaign shot adam led publications asking alternative refusing carry promotion outright home media home video publication came released vhs subtitle comedy life love short scenes feature filming second series included released double video set dvd series july available streaming media itv revamped website april available purchase itv itunes_store shop | Pilot (Cold Feet) | Media and drama | Television | Cold Feet |
17594_Series4,Episode8(ColdFeet) | series episode cold feet series episode final episode fourth series british comedy drama television series cold feet written directed broadcast itv network december plot follows directly previous episode adam rachel karen david travel sydney australia pete impromptu wedding adam pete truly love rich father rod suspects pete marrying access money pressure rod pete gets cold feet wedding couple soon reconcile marry rod blessing david discovers karen having affair colleague mark sean ends marriage rachel gives birth prematurely sydney hospital episode conceived executive producer attended television conference sydney decided main plot fourth series characters end australia pregnant fly australia scenes featuring rachel filmed manchester england location scouting casting sydney area july production australia ran days october locations included heritage home wedding scenes beach scene outside episode watched nearly million people original broadcast received mixed reaction newspaper critics believed trip sydney unnecessary cast crew selected episode pick day received mixed reviews australia new_zealand performance praised guest role episode represented series won award best drama series plot adam rachel karen david arrive sydney australia pete hastily arranged wedding father surprised learn daughter getting married man suspects money speaking rod adam tells pete thinks wedding going ahead wrong reasons pete angrily tells adam forget best man following morning rod tries bribe pete wedding pete declines later rod forbidding marry tells ought postpone wedding devastated decision tells house sorrow fiancé unsuccessfully tries restart relationship proposing rachel spending time hotel room account pregnancy receives visit lesbian sister tells rachel sleeping men order child adam learns suggests use banked sperm idea rachel disgusted thought husband having baby sister going ahead karen finally assures david animosity caused affair past sean man having affair england tell mark arrives apartment morning spends day david visit art gallery convinces david man day karen tells rachel leave david mark pete adam row adam goes collect pete clothes regret breakup pete leads adam convince rod wedding blessing follows david business meeting rod david arranged prelude family sydney david help changes rod mind pete rod later meets pete blessing reconcile day wedding david finally reveals plans family karen unaware mark apartment karen surprised david plans including finding house live mark irritated david attitude reveals affair enraged david mark fight karen angrily tells mark leave outside hotel rachel goes premature labour adam rushes hospital taken surgery wedding venue pete asks david adam place best man adam rings david volunteers wedding band pete karen pete exchange wedding vows pronounced husband wife wedding karen tries approach david walks away telling later pete karen join adam rachel hospital introduced baby david flies home tears production writing episode devised following lecture given writer executive producer conference november knew actress want renew contract play fourth series developed storyline husband pete meet fall love australian woman divorce storyline episode set australia wanted desperately good reason nice place storyline plotted cast makes appearance series episode originally planned fourth series depicted main characters permanently australia said characters relationship meets australian england comes notion follow reason wanting walk away life comes excuse bring final episode minute special looking lives point episode characters having characters permanently based australia opened possibility spin series set country direction fourth series finale changed significantly announced pregnant wanted episode ordinary episode cold feet happened set australia original script included stereotypical references australian culture cut avoid turning episode told sun herald wanted worries right mate asked local actors sure right recalled episode script difficult written collapse karen david marriage controversial issue writer producers characters divorced wanted avoid main relationships failing enjoying quality australian guest stars joked sun herald write spin series featuring eventually spin series created episode produced final episode cold feet believe continue writing series cast members eager roles production australia interest series renewed decided like write final run episodes filming episode directed directed previous episode visited sydney march scout locations followed producer production designer preliminary casting decisions scouted locations finalised arrangements july unusually production schedule drawn final script place caused complications campbell allocated time filming sydney manchester result scenes set sydney filmed manchester scene characters arrive sydney airport filmed hall campbell viewers sydney able tell difference nearing end pregnancy join rest cast abroad scenes filmed manchester scenes rachel adam hotel room shot hotel exterior scenes hotel filmed centre taxi takes rachel adam hospital car imported britain australia altered look like taxi bar provided filming location scenes final scene episode filmed set constructed studio said shot scene studio weren allowed film real aircraft sections plane interior stick bits place moved look looked window standing wing carpenter trying hold set production sydney commenced week beginning october lasted days main cast flown skeleton crew additional staff drawn working australian production arm flying complete british crew overseas expensive filming locations included scenes filmed facade house establishing scene apartment wedding scenes set grounds scene filmed location outside sydney opera house preparing scene distracted group british tourists karen leave david david affair series group remained quiet scene shot karen david apartment filmed building near point stunt team fight scene mark david convincingly mark david stunt experienced stunt fighting agreed better reaction face real instead hitting air initially conceded better surprised known found scene unusual playing david emotional state reception episode originally broadcast extended minute commercial timeslot december itv network united_kingdom ireland unofficial overnight ratings recorded average million viewers audience share episode final ratings accounting rose million share making watched week fourth series broadcast itv consecutive sunday monday nights monday ratings considerably lower episode marked peak monday night ratings episode received mixed reaction newspaper critics wrote episode fantastic display cold feet popular drama past years proved adequate replacement course fourth series wrote daily_mirror fact gang ended australia showed series lost way birmingham mail wrote excursion sydney giving cast treat years real necessity script critic wrote episode relatively disappointing series column fat critic accused episode managed squeeze harbour bridge shot point series jumped shark times columnist described draining went adam rachel poorly characterised suggested come characters episode selected pick day sun sunday_times writing journal british cinema television analysed development david character course series including fantasy scene episode david living karen australia scene david karen wedding rings old exhausted love traded new vibrant love single gesture karen pursues david storms ceremony shouting undoubtedly ready alternate pain partial forgiveness marriage david turns says karen smith compared scene wedding scene film best years lives itv submitted episode bafta represent series best drama series category series won award collected bafta ceremony april scene pete meets rod time voted best dramatic moment bbc annual moments broadcast episode broadcast australia june sydney morning herald wrote unlike seemingly compulsory adventures british presents superior storyline views oliver complimented performances direction age critical plot fairly locations glossy sights sydney thought looked bored roles new_zealand episode broadcast september reviewer critical clichés script particularly stereotypical characterisation described bit critical karen reaction david attempts repair relationship concluded writing god knows drag entire cast way australia lot manchester angst ridden selfish home video episode released complete 4th series dvd vhs set released united_kingdom november australia april released single disc dvd promotional venture | Series 4, Episode 8 (Cold Feet) | Media and drama | Television | Cold Feet |
24033_ColdFeet(series1) | cold feet series series british comedy drama television series cold feet broadcast itv network november december episodes written series creator produced directed follows award winning pilot episode broadcast storylines focus couples pete david played respectively storylines follow couples try stay faithful held issues infidelity pregnancy lives complicated jobs money troubles moving embellished scripts events personal life directors producers additional contributions intent fiction programme true life possible series filmed half studios exterior locations critical reaction episodes negative reviewers liking characters finding comedy drama format unusual series progressed critics opinions positive production values rated highly fantasy scenes received average million viewers watched series week following year won awards nominated rose episodes released vhs dvd internet media formats episodes production pilot episode intended executive producer controller comedy lead series commission itv network poor ratings night broadcast march stalled commission told writer creator producer forget itv limited portfolio comedy meant ratings failure pilot selected default represent network year pilot won silver rose humour rose itv commission series meantime received offers bbc channel_4 series august chaired panel judges itv director programming pledged network comedy output included new episodes cold feet announced august production began january episode small minute drama cast main cast members pilot returned series play couple fledgling relationship play pete married couple child born episode play david upper middle class couple considering having second child mixed feelings series commission poor reception pilot stop thinking contrast viewed failed pilot following resolution karen david storyline pilot david couple need hire cast bit actress bbc previously appeared film margaret produced cold feet audition required loud argument boyfriend telephone embellished bit comic english language won initially contracted episodes assumed employ new episodes appearances series eventually appeared series guest appearances second appearance form flashbacks james keen find resolution father cliffhanger reportedly repeatedly asking producers baby actors appearances pleased work kelly big fan sitcom kelly appeared writing storylines potential series drafted writer production pilot production series began producer worked create detailed plots episodes acting script editor work plots drawn life pete bringing new baby paralleled wife child born late scenes pete attend classes written memory wife given cup play conclusion fourth episode pete father dies way grandson suggested experience death father taught people rarely opportunity goodbye loved ones real life storylines based real life karen david marriage guidance scenes episode consulted relationship support charity relate actors directors input scripts original script marriage therapy scenes ended david shouting apparently fire offensive weapon convinced character david overtly leave exposed david fire remove barrel hear running footsteps approaching door suddenly open male colleagues burst open room second look scene looking lost karen looking shocked significantly david standing fire apparently threatening manner colleague danger men david knocking ground goes complains loudly pinned floor episode marriage guidance scene originally scripted believed scene left character exposed rewrote episodes planned split adam rachel series climax left living happily homes compelling reason second series opposed idea believing audience want happy ending characters allowed writer producer proceed idea episode director wanted adam leave finding rachel pregnancy followed proven love singing system train similar pilot conclusion thought idea spent easter weekend drafting end series genesis rachel pregnant possibly came filming second episode suggested return rachel marriage later series learned working soap opera seeds storyline early pay later brief encounter homage conceived close filming seen film rent video writing scene filming directors days film episodes approximately minutes screen time day asked father director helm episodes successful direction pilot declined order shoot film ireland production scheduled begin october overrun production calendar funding film fell took episodes cold feet offered second time directors sets constructed studios interior filming ran weeks march exterior filming location shooting city february climax episode rachel drives mini golf course pick pete filmed long lens film mini approaching making appear closer avoiding having drive green filming episode came close filmed birth scene encouraging actors wore prosthetic abdomen simulate appearance pregnancy episode wig applied birth scene uncredited baby played baby adam scene week old child born weeks premature giving appearance new born baby conclusion episode originally scripted feature pete adam playing crazy golf indoors like scene thirty minutes available end production directed talk scene basis attraction adam implied sixth episode developed second series scenes adam rachel having sex shop window episode inspired filmed shop unit near station unit dressed look like charity shop items bed added stunt sequence car comes shop window setting location switched stunt doubles car propelled ramp window explosive charges placed glass achieve effect trailed cameras window filming ran following day location near clubs filmed avoid giving away plot told filming bed advertisement exposure appearing friends selected rachel wears episode buying worth outlet london stunt scene filmed episode charity ball scene filmed days lodge concluded fight played king shots fire limited takes took long apply king table king stunt doubles fall legs weakened glasses table replaced sugar glass brief encounter fantasy filmed steam railway near scene opportunity mark television director scene filmed cole main crew establishing shots filmed second unit time constraints lighting focus fantasy station intended direct contrast harsh appeared real life scenes reception broadcast ratings itv trailed cold feet november trailer featured clips pilot episode including scene adam sings rose people complained commercial television scene inappropriate complaints upheld ruled trailer breach programming code humour piece apparent outset sheet billboard advertising campaign preceded broadcast featuring comedy life broadcast sponsored port series broadcast itv november december wanted series air timeslot wanted time pilot scheduled timeslot traditionally referred slot programmes watched viewers having concentrate compromised scheduled cold feet start bbc responded scheduling adaptation vanity_fair time episodes aired began main target audience episode averaged million viewers hour peaking million low point million episode ranked thirty fourth watched programme week sixth watched drama excluding soap operas second episode dropped seven places previous week million viewers recovered million following week managed place watched programmes fourth week held steady million viewers position best figures episode seen million making thirty second final episode series suffered schedule change dropping ninth million viewers weeks averaged audience share points itv sunday average critical reaction series welcomed british additional publicity generated appearances friends episodes impress critics independent called episode depressing programme seen commenting ending observed police main duty taxi fathers hospital barber concluded review positive comments rest series reminiscent criticised episode conclusion comparing norman wisdom comedy late review described acting especially awful suggested series developed marketing department critical reaction improved episode writing new statesman praised episode constructed commented positively acting compared production fantasy scenes ally evening standard following conclusion vanity_fair prior broadcast episode wrote style light narrative frequently men pub lust women meet wine bar fun men great settings stores classes sitting rooms interested domestic outlawed bbc subject soap operas rely murders armed figures set minor cult analysed series relation early middle aged viewers forgotten people comparing storylines real life issues experienced friends concluded world finding love world asking use love find late probably moral lightly look advertisement warning famously honourable estate gaze marriages friends vanity_fair deliberately wrote novel hero respond cold feet contrary characters episode mirror wrote wouldn want bump people wine bar found cared relationships sad sexual petty concluded calling series written produced performed times summarised episodes walking satire frequently falling wrote positively writing directing acting editing approved deliberately unhappy ending looking forward seeing rachel departure resolved second series attributed mixed critical reaction unusual timeslot series given awards won situation comedy category awards best entertainment award award best british comedy awards received nomination film editing entertainment episode nominated golden rose win publicist series believed european judges understand humour episode noting british delegates festival helpless laughter episode nominated non american series receive nomination category lost ally episode theme life home media episodes released single vhs tape october episodes scheduled release videos released november november cancelled tape release series came november released disc region dvd september release new packaging came march dvd released australia february united_states january pilot series available free streaming media itv revamped website july august additionally batch series itv archives available purchase itv itunes_store shop introduced april | Cold Feet (series 1) | Media and drama | Television | Cold Feet |
25913_ColdFeet(series5) | cold feet series fifth series british comedy drama television series cold feet broadcast itv network february march final series drama number episodes compared previous series running time increased minutes minutes episode necessitating minute timeslot plot series follows couples adam rachel getting bringing baby matthew born final episode previous series return pete honeymoon subsequent breakdown marriage divorce proceedings david producers originally intended end programme pressure run meant came series critics welcomed decision end series final episode gained highest viewing figure history programme million people watching rachel funeral numerous accolades endowed programme particularly final episode rated highly viewer polls including prestigious british comedy awards episodes production vowed write fifth series fourth ended persuaded write executive producer suggested kill character keen return series persuaded offering adam cancer return fatal consequences character recovered cancer scare second series despite unable adam death funny following meeting decided rachel died scheduled meeting discussed development scenes adam talks rachel spirit inspired truly deeply ghost wrote script episode secured role lee arrived audition wearing pair old boots greatly impressed producer order match scripted description character began heavy took lessons better understand lee profession scene sex scene despite leaving series persuaded return programme appearance final episode sure rest cast agreed return salaries increased episode increase pay fourth series joseph earned episodes directed episode episode late stages pregnancy permitted work short time fourth episode filmed travel rest cast artist stood beach scenes wearing prosthetic stomach originally series close standing filmed similar backdrop manchester edited location footage producers film location series high cost sydney episode rising salaries cast meant budget permit travel village famous location prisoner rachel car accident filmed location early hours october following completion filming sets dismantled moved sites displeased development david relationship told times long run producers opportunity character friendship stock drama friendship having said shallow wrote scene self disgusted david saying shallow composed extended score scenes depicting rachel death aftermath music software recreate decided wanted piece music emotional doesn reflect hospital broadcast episodes broadcast sunday night timeslot reception second episodes secured million taking audience share ratings grew series progressed episode scored million viewers finale drew million share final figures took million making eighth watched drama 15th watched terrestrial programme production series tabloid newspapers published stories funeral scenes filmed final decision air close broadcast sun reported original plot adam fatal cancer rachel death car accident suggested karen die alcohol related accident pete suffer heart attack sex die report published september time production episodes way critical reviews favourable decision end series welcomed times called formula series surprising audiences interest characters writing new statesman compared appearance rachel ghost inspiration mark told karen child married pete solely stay country suggesting viewers seen plots coming long time reviewing wrote finale lack called scenes unnecessary coda spectator simon believed portrayal rachel woman detrimental character causing sympathy matthew praised strengths flaws female characters recorded increase calls people wanting life insurance policies spokesman attributed surge people watching rachel death car accident series secured best comedy drama award british comedy awards voted popular comedy performer year viewer polls placed rachel car crash best drama moment bbc annual moments ceremony poll conducted cable provider year placed finale fourth best time adam speech rachel funeral came channel poll greatest broadcast february rachel car crash ranked number sky home media released cold feet complete 5th series region dvd march minute episodes quasi episodes varying lengths rated march episode rated episodes episodes series released new packaging march dvd final episode available joint promotional venture sun | Cold Feet (series 5) | Media and drama | Television | Cold Feet |
7906_HNoMSMjølner(1868) | fourth ships john class monitors built impressed use ironclads american civil war design based uss monitor designed supervision swedish born inventor coincidentally designer monitor built sweden delivered ran aground following year seriously damaged ship reconstructed given modern breech loading guns sold scrap design description ironclads designed meet need swedish norwegian navies small shallow draft armored ships capable defending coastal waters uss monitor larger virginia early interest sweden new type warship ideal coastal defense duties designer builder monitor born sweden american citizen offered share design response sent lieutenant united_states study monitor design construction arrived july toured rolling mills gun visited different ironclads construction returned sweden having completed drawings monitor type ship supervision ship measured meters long overall beam meters draft meters displaced metric tons long tons divided main compartments watertight bulkheads time flying bridge later superstructure added ship gun turret funnel initially crew numbered officers men increased modified additional weapons propulsion ships twin cylinder steam engines designed driving single bladed meter propeller engines powered fire tube boilers working pressure psi kpa cm2 engines produced total indicated horsepower gave monitors maximum speed knots mph calm waters ships carried tonnes long tons coal day steaming armament armed pair armstrong millimeter rifled muzzle loading guns gun constructed steel weighed long tons ship carried millimeter gun reconstruction gun turret fixed place modified serve barbette new breech loading millimeter guns received millimeter millimeter guns mounted superstructure addition millimeter hotchkiss barrel revolving guns mounted superstructure fired shell weighing muzzle velocity gave range yards rate fire rounds minute armor ships complete waterline armor belt wrought iron meters high millimeters thick armor consisted plates backed millimeters wood lower edge belt millimeters thick plates thick maximum thickness armored deck millimeters layers gun turret armor consisted layers iron totalling millimeters thickness monitors inside turret lined catch splinters base turret protected millimeter millimeters high turret roof millimeters thick conning tower positioned turret sides layers millimeters thick funnel protected layers armor total thickness millimeters half height service built monitor type ship laid norwegian parliament authorized construction sweden cost norwegian launched completed september year ship ran aground june pulled rocks ship ammunition iron ballast long tons coal removed repairs completed july cost court inquiry found ship commander pilot liable repairs parliament released obligation years later visited sweden occasion visiting sweden west coast ports early 1870s laid refit mobilized personal union sweden norway dissolved returned reserve afterward sold scrap | HNoMS Mjølner (1868) | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Norway |
8119_PlannedParenthood | nonprofit organization provides reproductive health services united_states world member association roots brooklyn new_york opened birth control clinic founded changed medical non medical operate health united_states partners organizations countries globally organization directly provides variety reproductive health services sexual education contributes research reproductive technology advocacy work aimed protecting expanding reproductive rights largest single provider reproductive health services including abortion united_states annual report reported seeing million patients million clinical visits performing total nearly million services including organization combined annual revenue billion including roughly million government funding history member variously experienced support controversy protests violent attacks history early history origins date october sister opened birth control clinic section new_york borough brooklyn distributed birth control birth control advice birth control information women arrested jailed violating provisions accused distributing materials clinic called trials brought national attention support cause defendants convicted charges appealed subsequent appeals courts convictions overturned judge issued final ruling modified law permit physician prescribed birth control women campaign led major changes laws governing birth control sex education united_states clinic organized american core national birth control organization 1960s operating centers served clients found title offensive families league began discussions new league known largely relying volunteer workforce federation provided family planning counseling hundreds communities country founding members launched conference bombay mumbai india following president serving tenure approved sale original birth control giving rise new attitudes women reproductive freedom presidency lobbied federal government support reproductive health culminating president richard_nixon signing title provide governmental subsidies low income women access family planning services founded semi autonomous division time center independent organization renamed african american president youngest president history served role term grew seventh largest charity country providing services million clients year activities spread states planned led activated organization political action committee launching far reaching electoral advocacy effort history serves political advocacy arm engages educational electoral activity including legislative advocacy voter education organizing promote mission launched nationwide campaign increase services prevent unwanted improve quality reproductive care ensure access safe legal initiative commencement global partnership program aim building vibrant activist constituency support family planning february daughter texas governor deputy chief staff democratic leader united_states house_of_representatives president organization richards voted time magazine influential people world began awarding annually honor words individuals distinction recognition excellence leadership reproductive health reproductive rights year awarded men later recipients included hillary_clinton services services provided vary location half united_states performing services provided include birth control long acting emergency breast cancer screening pregnancy testing pregnancy options counseling testing treatment sexually transmitted sex education lgbt services abortion reported seeing million patients million clinical visits roughly clients teenagers according organization provided million services million sexually transmitted infection services million cancer related services million pregnancy tests services abortion services services total million services known providing services minorities poor according approximately clients percent federal poverty level given patient receives services average percent provided total services provided clearly represent importance abortion year percent patients gets abortion expensive compared services facilities national offices united_states washington new_york international offices including hub office london england medical related including political action committees operate health centers states district_of_columbia owns million property including real estate addition spends little million year rented space largest facility million square foot square metre structure completed houston texas worldwide availability international outreach activities performed division consists member associations working countries associated caribbean americas organizations like germany pour planning offices located new_york washington miami guatemala kenya organization focus countries guatemala nicaragua costa_rica ecuador peru nigeria kenya donated million reproductive health family planning efforts nicaragua specific countries territories serviced reproductive planning outreach brazil colombia el_salvador french guatemala haiti honduras martinique mexico panama peru venezuela puerto_rico dominican_republic barbados ecuador guadeloupe cape_verde funding received federal funding president richard_nixon signed law population research act title law provides funding family planning services including family planning information law support republicans democrats nixon described title funding based premise american woman denied access family planning assistance economic condition fiscal year ending june total revenue billion non government health services revenue million government revenue million private contributions totaled million million came operating revenue according group revenue provision health services non medical services sex education public policy work management expenses fundraising international family planning programs account revenue spent receives money government grants contracts million law federal funding allocated rare cases opponents abortion argued money provision medical services allows funds allocated coalition national local pro life groups lobbied federal state governments stop funding result federal state legislators proposed legislation reduce funding levels states arkansas indiana kansas louisiana new_hampshire ohio utah enacted proposals cases courts overturned actions citing conflict federal state laws federal executive branch provided funding lieu states states completely partially august louisiana governor attempted end louisiana contract treat patients time epidemic sexually transmitted diseases louisiana patients sued state louisiana siding february failed president obama veto prohibited receiving federal funds year donors planned included contributions organization specifically marked avoid funding donors supported reproductive health include abortion services pro life groups advocated boycott donors corporate donors include political advocacy advocate legal political protection reproductive rights advocacy includes helping sponsor abortion rights women rights events federation opposes restrictions women reproductive health services including parental consent laws minors justify position cited case died following illegal abortion seek parental consent legal takes position laws requiring parental abortion performed minor unconstitutional privacy grounds organization opposes laws requiring stating purpose difficult obtain opposed initiatives require waiting periods late term including intact extraction illegal supports wide availability emergency plan opposes conscience clauses allow refuse drugs beliefs critical hospitals provide access emergency rape victims citing need medically accurate information sex education opposes education public schools instead provider comprehensive sex education includes discussion birth control advocacy activities executed registered charity files financial information jointly committee founded president purpose maintaining reproductive health rights supporting political candidates mindset election cycle committee gained prominence based effectiveness spending candidates shares leadership president testified congress september manage organization active separately incorporated chapters states maintains national headquarters new_york washington received grants obama administration help promote affordable care act political spending spends money politics elections federal political action committee variety related entities endorsed barack_obama presidential elections election cycle spent contributions candidates political parties overwhelmingly democrats independent expenditures regional chapters active american courts number cases party reached notable cases case case sets forth current constitutional abortion standard case planned governor pennsylvania ultimate ruling split wade narrowed upheld opinion written concurred main decision separately written opinions supreme_court struck consent requirements married women obtain found burden alternative strict scrutiny tests limitations rights protected constitution statutory requirements white justices voted original wade decision supreme_court rule case votes case consistent votes original decision abortion voted maintain wade entirety related cases include challenged missouri law encompassing parental consent consent clinic allowed abortion methods portions challenged law held constitutional kansas_city challenged missouri law encompassing parental consent clinic record keeping requirements challenged law held constitutional released wanted posters complete personal information doctors performed civil jury found materials true threats protected speech planned sued attorney general injunction enforcement ban act argued act unconstitutional violated fifth amendment overly vague violated women constitutional right access abortion include language exceptions health mother district court ninth circuit agreed decision overturned ruling supreme_court planned northern new england planned challenged new_hampshire parental law related access abortion day connor final decision retirement supreme_court sent case lower courts instructions seek remedy short wholesale statute new_hampshire ended statute legislative process court cases state attorneys general medical records patients treated gone court turning records citing medical privacy concerns motivation seeking records kansas attorney general republican released sealed patient records obtained public actions described state supreme_court compelled turn medical records albeit stringent court mandated privacy patients involved successor democrat notified clinic criminal charges filed year investigation objective thorough examination showed wrongdoing morrison stated believed attorney general office kansas district attorney found practices kansas_city area clinic accepted practices medical community dropped remaining criminal charges clinic faced criminal charges kansas prosecutors ultimately dismissed ruled required turn medical records investigation possible child abuse north south fined violating minnesota state parental consent law texas state court judge denied request temporary order state texas concluding state exclude qualified doctors receiving state funding doctors advocate abortion rights debate opposition 1920s theories popular intellectuals united_states example colleges offered courses campaign promote birth control teamed organizations argued positions scholars describe believing birth control voluntary based race advocated voluntary right choose pregnant women important element women rights efforts promote birth control found common cause proponents believing sought assist race elimination unfit critics planned refer connection supporters discredit organization birth control negative modern view responded effort directly acknowledging agreed contemporaries advocated voluntary people hereditary conditions limits immigration states finds views says compelled discuss topic anti family planning activists continue attack easier target abortion occupied central position abortion debate prominent targets united_states pro life movement decades members congress overwhelmingly republican attempted 1980s end federal funding organization nearly leading government issue consistently maintained federal money received fund abortion services pro life activists argued federal funding resources turn provide largest single provider pro choice advocates argued organization family planning services reduce need words characterized america largest abortion pro life activists dispute evidence greater access reduces abortion frequency undercover videos anti abortion activists periodically pro life advocates activists tried demonstrate follow applicable state federal laws groups called visited health centers posing victims statutory rape minors law need parental abortion racist donors seeking donations reduce african american population seeking prostitutes result videos workers disciplined fired review bush administration yielded evidence nation failing comply laws reporting child abuse child sexual abuse rape videos beginning released series undercover videos filmed centers said series showed employees actively assisting aiding prostitution ring advising patients sex selective said child born alive abortion chemical solution stop moving breathing criminal convictions resulted employees volunteers fired following procedure organization committed staff additionally center placed probation center medical progress videos anti abortion organization called released videos secretly recorded videos showed members posed representatives company order gain access meetings abortion providers members indicted texas grand jury charges governmental records july charges members thrown texas judge violence anti abortion activists abortion providers threatened death facilities provide attacked target number instances violence anti abortion activists including bombing arson attacks chemical weaponry entered clinic opened fire murdering shannon wounding fled clinic murdered wounded wisconsin planned clinic subject bombing unknown individual clinic washington heavily damaged arson shooting november shot killed civilians police officer hour gun battle colorado springs colorado clinic year old surrendered police taken custody arrest gave interview point said baby parts echoing language news media clinic following videos | Planned Parenthood | Social sciences and society | Politics and government | National non-governmental organizations |
8577_Udema | swedish pronunciation type warship built swedish archipelago fleet late 18th early 19th centuries developed warfare baltic coasts finland russian navy designed prolific naval architect use area shallow waters groups islands extend stockholm way innovative new design single line guns ship centerline dreadnought battleships early 20th century design proved impractical time built background early 18th century establishment russian naval power baltic challenged interests sweden major powers baltic swedish empire time included territory modern finland baltic states dominion held baltic sea routes established new capital naval base saint_petersburg great northern war sweden lost baltic state territories suffered russian raiding finland chain islands stretched way capital stockholm began building shallow draft vessels beginning smaller versions traditional mediterranean warships akin complemented gun disastrous war russia minor involvement prussia seven years war showed need expansion development specialized vessels traditional effective troop transports amphibious operations severely especially relation large crews man crew rowers typically armed pounder cannon pounders bow lacked adequate shelter rower soldiers great numbers succumbed illness war swedish military invested heavily archipelago fleet separate branch armed forces belonged army officially designated ways highly independent organization attracted social cultural elite enjoyed protection coup empowered absolute monarch new ships designed naval architect bolster hitting power new swedish maritime forces provide better naval defense improve fire support capabilities amphibious operations result new vessels combined powered superior comfortable living conditions sailing ships named finnish regions form referred archipelago frigates swedish english historical literature smaller described archipelago originally design built masts mainmast foremast originally rigged sails later provided square sail rig similar bark sails low hull small quarterdeck structure arrangement guns unique time main armament consisted single line pound guns centerline ship pounders bow facing forwards centerline guns carriages rotated degrees aimed ship similar main guns dreadnought battleships 20th century long draft later carried mast longer wider long wide draft built additional pounders centerline bow facing forwards housed superstructure gun ports rowing seats left arrangement proved successful reports problems lingering gunpowder smoke poor slow earning poor reputation built pounder centerline armament open elements heavy pounders bow pounder chase guns stern rowing benches room men bench centerline battery swing forwards allow guns pivot additional carried pairs rowers sat weather deck main armament ports placed rectangular improved leverage positioned centerline battery row fire action rely sails propulsion concept hybrid frigates propulsion capabilities new small built english tudor navy early century royal_navy successor later equipped equivalent sixth rates ports early baltic variations mediterranean introduced russian navy duties 18th century suggested possible inspirations new designs service built swedish navy russian ship builders copied swedish designs particularly time war believed historians type named simply secret vessel russian historians question conclusion number guns total suggest considerably larger larger archipelago frigates swedish served finnish archipelago squadrons war supporting amphibious operations raiding opposing russian archipelago fleet protecting left flank swedish army operations finnish mainland fought second battles battle largest naval battles fought disastrous defeat russians sweden greatest naval victories swedish vessels lost like specialized archipelago vessels proved limited advantages superior firepower sailing qualities poor compared slow unconventional artillery layout deemed weak radical second battle showed smaller far efficient operations entirely replaced archipelago frigates finnish war sweden finally lost finnish possessions influence suggests radical new design rotating gun mounts somewhat disappointment swedish service influenced countries russian floating batteries equipped similar mounts designs presented built great_britain mounts navy smaller craft proved risky vessels small displacement especially guns fired genuine breakthrough true centerline armament come advent armored late 19th century carried finnish form 20th century ships finnish navy ships built swedish archipelago fleet listed table basic information actually known | Udema | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Ship types |
17465_Battlecruiser | battlecruiser battlecruiser battle cruiser capital ship built half 20th century similar size cost carried similar armament battleships generally carried armour order obtain faster speeds battlecruisers designed united_kingdom decade century development armoured cruiser time dreadnought succeeded pre dreadnought battleship goal design ship similar armament chase ship lesser armament intended hunt slower older armoured cruisers destroy heavy gunfire avoiding combat powerful slower battleships battlecruisers built increasingly alongside better protected battleships battlecruisers served navies britain germany ottoman_empire australia japan world war notably battle islands raids skirmishes north_sea culminated pitched fleet battle british battlecruisers particular suffered heavy losses jutland light armour vulnerable large caliber shells end war capital ship design developed battleships faster battlecruisers heavily armoured distinction battlecruiser fast battleship limited capital ship construction onwards treated battleships battlecruisers new generation battlecruisers planned scrapped terms treaty 1930s royal_navy continued use battlecruiser classification world war era capital ships remained fleet japan battlecruisers remained service significantly reconstructed rated fledged battleships battlecruisers action world war survived end renewed interest large cruiser killer type warships begun construction battleships battlecruisers curtailed favor needed convoy escorts aircraft carriers cargo ships post cold war era soviet class large guided missile cruisers termed battlecruisers background battlecruiser developed royal_navy years 20th century evolution armoured cruiser armoured cruisers built 1870s attempt armour protection ships fulfilling typical cruiser roles patrol trade protection power projection results rarely satisfactory weight armour required meaningful protection usually meant ship slow battleship result navies preferred build protected cruisers armoured deck protecting engines simply armour 1890s technology began change balance steel armour meant possible cruiser armour protect quick firing guns enemy battleships cruisers alike france russia regarded likely allies event war started build large fast armoured cruisers taking advantage event war britain france russia cruisers threatened cause difficulties british_empire worldwide trade britain concluded needed twice cruisers potential enemy adequately protect empire sea lanes responded perceived threat laying large armoured cruisers completed laid seven classes type total ships building program turn prompted french russians increase construction imperial_german_navy began build large armoured cruisers use overseas stations laying cost cruiser arms race significant period royal_navy spent million new large cruisers spent million armoured cruisers new kind large expensive equivalent battleship increasing size power armoured cruiser led suggestions british naval circles cruisers displace battleships entirely battleship main advantage inch heavy guns heavier armour designed protect shells similar size years advantages little practical value torpedo range yards unlikely battleship engage torpedo range ranges yards increasingly unlikely heavy guns battleship score hits heavy guns relied primitive aiming techniques secondary batteries inch quick firing guns firing plentiful shells likely hit enemy naval expert wrote june outside yards big gun hundreds tons medieval castle effect weight inch guns castle effect equally inside days torpedo effect far certainty admiral john fisher sea lord senior officer royal_navy time thought development new fast armoured ship fond second class battleship renown faster lightly armoured battleship early confusion fisher writing saw battleship cruiser model future developments stop commissioning designs naval architect armoured cruiser heaviest possible armament use fleet design submitted ship long tons capable knots mph armed inch inch guns twin gun turrets protected inches armour belt inch turrets inches inch turrets inches conning tower inches decks mainstream british naval thinking clearly favour heavily armoured battleships fast ships fisher favoured proved effectiveness heavy guns intermediate ones need uniform main caliber ship fire control royal_navy begun consider shift away mixed calibre armament 1890s pre dreadnought big gun design preliminary designs circulated battleships inch inch guns armoured cruisers inch guns late long royal_navy decided use inch guns generation battleships superior performance long range fisher began argue big gun cruisers replace battleships altogether continuing improvement torpedo meant submarines destroyers able destroy battleships fisher view heralded end battleship compromised validity heavy armour protection armoured cruisers remain vital commerce protection use battle fleet country called war country called possessing battleships having fast armoured cruisers clouds fast torpedo craft damage battleships wish battleships armoured cruisers willingly exchange battleships fast armoured cruisers case wanting battleships evidence value fisher views controversial royal_navy given position position insist approach assembled committee designs consisting mixture civilian naval experts determine approach battleship armoured cruiser construction future stated purpose committee investigate report future requirements ships fisher associates key decisions terms reference committee battleship capable knots mph inch guns intermediate capable docking existing cruiser capable knots mph inch guns intermediate armament armoured like recent armoured cruiser capable existing docks battlecruisers plan royal_navy intended start new battleships armoured cruisers year late clear programme considerably smaller lower expected tax revenue need buy chilean battleships construction british yards purchased russians use japanese britain ally economies meant programme consisted battleship armoured cruisers battleship revolutionary battleship dreadnought cruisers ships invincible class fisher later claimed argued committee cancellation remaining battleship construction new class begun completed delayed allow designers learn problems dreadnought ships fulfilled design requirement closely displacement similar dreadnought feet longer accommodate additional boilers powerful turbines propel knots mph new ships maintain speed days pre dreadnought battleships generally hour armed inch guns compared dreadnought inches armour protecting hull gun turrets dreadnought armour comparison inches class marked increase speed displacement firepower compared recent armoured cruisers armour fill role armoured cruisers succeeded expected effectively specifically roles heavy reconnaissance power sweep away screen enemy cruisers close observe enemy superior speed retire close support battle fleet stationed ends battle line stop enemy cruisers battleships harass enemy battleships busy fighting battleships operate fast wing try enemy pursuit enemy fleet ran use speed pursue guns damage slow enemy ships commerce protection new ships hunt enemy cruisers commerce raiders confusion refer new battleship size armoured cruisers set immediately late work begun royal_navy memorandum refers large armoured ships meaning battleships large cruisers october admiralty began classify post dreadnought battleships armoured cruisers capital ships fisher term dreadnought refer new battleships battleships armoured cruisers time invincible class referred cruiser battleships dreadnought cruisers term battlecruiser fisher finally november laid cruisers invincible later types future described classified battle cruisers distinguish armoured cruisers earlier date questions new ships nomenclature came uncertainty actual role lack protection primarily act scouts battle fleet hunter killers enemy cruisers commerce raiders seven inches belt armour equipped adequate hand expected reinforce battle line dreadnoughts heavy guns thin skinned safe enemy heavy guns essentially extremely large heavily armed fast armoured cruisers viability armoured cruiser doubt cruiser worked fleet viable option taking role size armament naval authorities considered capital ships inception assumption inevitable matters naval authorities including lord fisher assessments armoured cruiser ability survive battle line enemy capital ships superior speed assumptions taking account tactical time term battlecruiser given idea battleships fixed people minds convinced instance stated vessels large expensive admiral certain line battle comparatively light protection disadvantage high speed value favor battlecruiser countered points capital ships vulnerable new weapons torpedo armour lost validity second greater speed battlecruiser control range engaged enemy battlecruisers dreadnought arms race launching outbreak world war battlecruiser played junior role developing dreadnought arms race adopted key weapon british imperial defence fisher presumably desired biggest factor lack acceptance marked change britain strategic circumstances conception commissioning ships prospective enemy britain shifted franco russian alliance armoured cruisers increasingly germany britain entered anglo russian france russia posed particular naval threat russian navy largely sunk captured russo japanese war french hurry adopt new dreadnought type design britain boasted relations significant new naval powers japan bolstered signed renewed usa changed strategic circumstances great success dreadnought ensured invincible new model capital ship battlecruiser construction played renewed naval arms race sparked dreadnought years service entirely fulfilled fisher vision able sink ship fast catch run ship capable sinking invincible circumstances able enemy pre dreadnought battleship naval circles concurred armoured cruiser current form come logical end development far ahead enemy armoured cruiser firepower speed proved difficult justify building bigger cruisers lead extended surprise dreadnought invincible produced having built secret prompted navies delay building programmes radically revise designs particularly true cruisers details invincible class kept secret longer meant german armoured cruiser armed guns match new battlecruisers royal_navy early superiority capital ships led rejection design essentially fused battlecruiser battleship concepts eventually fast battleship design combined armour armament dreadnought knot speed invincible additional cost justified given existing british lead new liberal government need economy slower cheaper relatively close copy dreadnought adopted instead concept eventually fulfilled queen elizabeth class later navies british battlecruisers class slightly improved built fundamentally specification partly political pressure limit costs partly secrecy surrounding german battlecruiser construction particularly heavy armour der class came widely seen mistake generation british battlecruisers markedly powerful sense national crisis rivalry germany cost cutting naval panic resulted approval total capital ships fisher pressed battlecruisers unable way settle battleships battlecruisers lion class lions carried inch guns standard caliber british super dreadnought battleships speed increased knots mph armour protection good german designs better previous british battlecruisers inch armour belt barbettes lions followed similar germany built battlecruisers superiority british ships longer assured german_navy share fisher view battlecruiser contrast british focus increasing speed firepower germany progressively improved armour staying power ships better british battlecruisers von der begun completed carried inch guns inch armour far better protected similar carried inch guns improved design designed finished modified speed increased knot knots mph armour maximum thickness inches equivalent class battleships years earlier germany battlecruiser completed world war step battlecruiser design came japan imperial_japanese_navy planning class ships determined japanese economy support relatively ships powerful likely competitors initially class planned learning british plans lion likelihood new battleships armed inch guns japanese decided radically revise plans better new plan drawn carrying inch guns capable knots mph marginally having edge lions speed firepower heavy guns better positioned superfiring fore aft turret amidships armour scheme marginally improved lions inches armour turrets inches barbettes ship class built britain constructed japan japanese classified powerful armoured cruisers classes carrying inch guns battlecruisers nonetheless armament weaker slower battlecruiser british battlecruiser tiger intended initially fourth ship lion class substantially redesigned retained inch guns predecessors positioned like better fields fire faster making knots mph sea trials carried heavier secondary armament tiger heavily armoured maximum thickness armour inches height main armour belt increased desired improvements ship approved designer sir wanted small bore water tube boilers geared turbines speed knots mph received support authorities engine makers refused request saw work begin german battlecruisers class german battlecruisers mount inch guns ships like tiger guns arranged superfiring turrets greater efficiency armour speed similar previous class russian_empire began construction ship class designed service baltic_sea ships designed carry inch guns armour inches thick speed knots mph heavy armour relatively slow speed ships similar german designs british ships construction halted world war scrapped end russian civil war world war construction combatants capital ship construction limited war germany finished class began work class development class inch guns broadly similar armour scheme designed knots mph britain returned office sea lord october enthusiasm big fast ships set designers producing design battlecruiser inch guns fisher expected german battlecruiser steam knots required new british design capable knots planned revenge class battleships approved laid new design fisher finally received approval project december renown class inch guns inch armour step forward tiger firepower speed returned level protection british battlecruisers time fisher resorted obtain fast lightly armoured ships use spare inch gun turrets left battleship construction ships essentially light battlecruisers fisher occasionally referred officially classified large light cruisers unusual designation required construction new capital ships placed hold limits light cruiser construction courageous sisters glorious furious bizarre main guns inches inches furious armour inches thickness scale light cruiser design generally regarded failure nicknamed fleet outrageous later conversion ships aircraft carriers successful fisher speculated new lightly built battlecruiser carry inch guns termed hms got concept stage held classes designed fisher plan land troops possibly russian german baltic coast specifically designed reduced draught important shallow baltic clear cut evidence ships designed baltic considered earlier ships draught operational conditions roberts argues focus baltic probably time ships designed inflated later disastrous final british battlecruiser design war admiral class born requirement improved version queen elizabeth battleship project began end fisher final departure admiralty initially envisaged battleship senior sea officers felt britain battleships new battlecruisers required combat german ships built british german progress class likely capabilities battlecruiser design inch guns inches armour capable knots decided experience battlecruisers battle jutland meant design radically revised transformed fast battleship armour inches thick capable knots mph ship class hood built according design counter possible completion class ship plans sisters little work revised later improve protection admiral class british ships capable taking german class german drastically slowed war launched completed germans worked briefly ships class modified versions inch guns work additional suspended march enable escorts merchant ships built deal new threat boats trade finally cancelled february battlecruisers action combat involving battlecruisers world war august force british light cruisers destroyers entered north_sea closest hamburg attack german destroyer patrols met opposition light cruisers vice admiral took squadron battlecruisers bight turned tide battle ultimately sinking german light cruisers killing commander german battlecruiser impact early war stationed mediterranean escorting light cruiser evaded british french ships outbreak war steamed constantinople istanbul british battlecruisers hot pursuit german ships handed instrumental bringing ottoman_empire war renamed fought engagements imperial_russian_navy black_sea british original battlecruiser concept proved successful december battle islands british battlecruisers invincible precisely job intended chased annihilated centered armoured cruisers light cruisers commanded admiral prior battle australian battlecruiser australia unsuccessfully searched german ships pacific barbette german flagship struck british inch shell shell penetrate barbette piece barbette armour allowed flame shell enter barbette charges hoisted upwards ignited turret magazine setting fire charges removed brass cartridge cases gun crew tried escape turret allowed flash spread turret killing crews turrets saved near certain destruction emergency flooding magazines effected near disaster way ammunition handling arranged common german british battleships battlecruisers lighter protection vulnerable turret barbette penetrated germans learned investigating damaged instituted measures ensure ammunition handling possible exposure flash apart handling battle inconclusive british flagship lion severely damaged lion lost speed causing fall rest unable effectively command ships remainder engagement british signalling error allowed german battlecruisers withdraw squadron mistakenly concentrated crippled armoured cruiser sinking great loss life british blamed failure win decisive victory poor gunnery attempted increase rate fire unprotected charges ammunition barbettes battle jutland british german battlecruisers employed fleet units british battlecruisers engaged german counterparts battlecruisers german battleships arrival battleships result disaster royal_navy battlecruiser squadrons invincible exploded loss handful crews exact reason ships magazines detonated known exposed charges stored turrets ammunition working chambers quest increase rate fire undoubtedly contributed loss flagship lion lost similar manner save heroic actions major better armoured german battlecruisers fared better poor performance british british shells tended explode break impact german armour german battlecruiser lost jutland killed instance despite receiving thirty hits german battlecruisers von der heavily damaged required extensive repairs battle barely making home focus british fire battle interwar period years immediately world war britain japan usa began design work new generation powerful battleships battlecruisers new burst nation navy desired politically controversial potentially economically nascent arms race prevented major naval powers agreed limits capital ship numbers german navy represented talks terms treaty versailles germany allowed modern capital ships 1920s 1930s britain japan retained battlecruisers modified rebuilt original designs line battlecruiser modern fast battleship blurred japanese formally redesignated battleships plans aftermath world war hood launched world war battlecruiser completed owing lessons jutland ship modified construction thickness belt armour increased average percent extended substantially given heavier deck armour protection magazines improved guard ammunition hoped capable resisting weapons classic measure balanced battleship hood largest ship royal_navy completed thanks great displacement theory combined firepower armour battleship speed battlecruiser causing refer fast battleship protection markedly british battleships built immediately world war nelson class navies japan united_states affected immediately war time develop new heavy inch guns latest designs battlecruiser designs light combat experience europe imperial_japanese_navy began class battlecruisers vessels unprecedented size power fast armoured hood whilst carrying main battery inch guns powerful armament proposed battlecruiser purposes fast battleships differences class battleships inch armour knots mph increase speed united_states_navy worked battlecruiser designs watched latest developments class great care responded lexington class completed planned exceptionally fast armed inch guns carried armour little better long ton increase protection following jutland final stage post war battlecruiser race came british response lexington types long ton battlecruisers royal_navy documents period described battleship speed knots mph battlecruiser regardless protective armour considered balanced fast battleship meant designs came fruition ships started broken converted aircraft carriers japan selected conversion damaged repair earthquake broken scrap hull proposed class battleships converted united_states_navy converted battlecruiser hulls aircraft carriers wake uss considered marginally scrapping hulls outright remaining ranger constitution united_states scrapped britain fisher large light cruisers converted carriers furious partially converted war glorious courageous similarly converted rebuilding programmes total battlecruisers survived hms tiger later victim london naval conference scrapped high speed valuable surface units spite weaknesses ships significantly updated world war renown modernized significantly 1920s 1930s partially modernized bridge modified aircraft hangar catapult new gunnery equipment added anti aircraft armament increased renown underwent thorough reconstruction deck armour increased new turbines boilers fitted aircraft hangar catapult added completely rearmed aside main guns elevation increased degrees bridge structure removed large bridge similar king george class battleships installed place conversions kind generally added weight vessel renown actually decreased substantially lighter power plant similar thorough planned hood cancelled advent world war unable build new ships imperial_japanese_navy chose improve existing battlecruisers class initially later disarmed terms washington treaty substantial elevation main guns increased degrees anti torpedo long tons horizontal armour added mast additional command positions built reduced ships speed knots mph second reconstruction focused speed selected fast escorts aircraft carrier task forces completely new main engines reduced number boilers increase hull length feet allowed reach knots reclassified fast battleships armour guns fell short compared surviving world war era battleships american british navies dire consequences pacific war easily crippled gunfire actions forcing shortly crippled medium caliber gunfire heavy light cruisers close range night engagement exceptions turkey royal_navy hood minor improvements ship interwar period primarily focused repairing wartime damage installation new fire control systems anti aircraft batteries hood constant service fleet withdrawn extended reconstruction received minor improvements course 1930s including modern fire control systems increased numbers anti aircraft guns march radar naval late 1930s navies began build capital ships period number large commerce raiders small fast battleships built referred battlecruisers germany russia designed new battlecruisers period laid ton class germans invaded construction suspended ships scrapped war germans planned battlecruisers class expansion kriegsmarine plan inch guns high speed excellent range thin armour intended commerce raiders ordered shortly world war work names assigned known contract names new class universally welcomed kriegsmarine light protection gained nickname armour nonsense certain circles navy world war royal_navy deployed battlecruisers april engaged action renown bad weather damaged renown inch shells passed director control tower exploding electrical communication cables went destroyed forward turrets main battery fire control shifted aft loss electrical power shell renown knocked aft turret british ship struck twice german shells failed inflict significant damage battlecruiser survive war early years war german ships measure success hunting merchant ships atlantic allied battlecruisers renown fast battleships employed operations hunt commerce raiding german ships got close targets stand fight occurred battleship heavy cruiser sortied north_atlantic attack british shipping intercepted hood battleship prince wales elderly british battlecruiser match modern german battleship minutes inch shells caused magazine explosion hood reminiscent men survived battlecruiser action pacific war sunk japanese torpedo bombers north singapore december whilst company prince wales lightly damaged single kilogram bomb near missed japanese attack speed agility enabled avoid attacks level bombers dodge torpedoes group torpedo bombers attacked multiple directions struck torpedoes quickly capsized loss officers crewmen officers enlisted men rescued escorting destroyers loss prince wales proved vulnerability capital ships aircraft air cover japanese class battlecruisers extensively carrier escorts wartime career high speed world war era armament weaker upgraded armour thin compared contemporary battleships november naval battle american cruisers destroyers point blank range ship badly damaged encounter towed sister ship spotted american aircraft following morning forced cast tow repeated aerial attacks captain ordered crew abandon ship damage scuttled early evening november night november second naval battle returned sound encountered american battleships washington failing detect washington engaged effect washington opened fire minutes later short range badly damaged knocking aft turrets rudder hitting ship waterline flooding proved capsized half hours later returning japan battle torpedoed sunk american submarine november moored japan naval base attacked american carrier aircraft july ship lightly damaged single bomb hit july hit dozen times july sank pier refloated war scrapped early large cruisers cruiser killers late renaissance popularity ships battleships cruisers size occurred eve world war described battlecruisers classified capital ships variously described super cruisers large cruisers cruisers dutch american japanese navies planned new classes specifically counter heavy cruisers counterparts built naval rivals battlecruisers dutch design designed protect colonies face japanese aggression officially assigned names ships designed german italian assistance broadly resembled german class main battery lightly armoured protected inch gunfire design completed work vessels commenced germans overran netherlands ship laid june year class late battlecruisers actually built united_states navy alaska class large cruisers completed alaska guam hawaii cancelled construction named philippines puerto_rico cancelled laid classified large cruisers instead battlecruisers status non capital ships evidenced named territories battleships contrast named states cruisers cities main armament inch guns triple turrets displacement long tons twice size baltimore class cruisers guns larger diameter lacked thick armoured belt intricate torpedo defence system true capital ships unlike battlecruisers considered balanced design according cruiser standards protection withstand fire caliber gun albeit narrow range band designed hunt japanese heavy cruisers time entered service japanese cruisers sunk american aircraft submarines like contemporary iowa class fast battleships speed ultimately useful carrier escorts bombardment ships surface combatants developed japanese started designing class similar alaska millimetre guns news led upgrade design creating design armed guns best armed new breed battlecruisers sufficient protection inch shells like dutch japanese got far completing design laid time designs ready japanese navy recognized little use vessels priority construction lie aircraft carriers like japanese ships battlecruisers referring instead super heavy cruisers cold war era designs spite fact navies abandoned battleship battlecruiser concepts world war fondness big gun armed warships caused soviet_union plan large cruiser class late 1940s soviet_union termed heavy cruisers fruits program project cruisers tonnes long tons standard load guns speed knots mph ships laid cancelled april death central armoured hull section ship launched target soviet class referenced battlecruiser classification arises long ton displacement roughly equal world war battleship twice displacement contemporary cruisers class lacks armour distinguishes battlecruisers ordinary cruisers classified heavy nuclear powered missile cruisers russia members class completed 1980s 1990s budget constraints operational plans announced return ships service ship refitted ships reportedly economical repair | Battlecruiser | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Ship types |
9612_Lassie(1954TVseries) | series american television series follows adventures female rough dog named companions human animal creation producer animal trainer televised september march fourth longest running primetime television series simpsons seasons cbs entering run syndication final seasons initially filmed black white transitioned color seasons follow adventures small farming community fictional year old mother grandfather human companions seven year old adoptive parents fourth season exploits farm end eleventh season finds new adventures wilderness alongside traveling year finally children home final syndicated seasons received critical favor debut won emmy awards years stars nominated merchandise produced run included books halloween costume clothing toys items lifelong sponsor offered ring distributed thousands fans multi episode edited feature film released august selected episodes released dvd production concept development fictional inspiration seven mgm feature films completion seventh film studio planned films character pal dog actor portrayed fictional lieu pay owed mgm pal owner trainer took rights trademark hit road pal perform venues needing material relatively new medium television producer sold concept television series boy dog theme men developed scenario struggling war widow young son father law set weather beaten modern day american farm pilots filmed calgary alberta canada telling story bond forged boy dog second filmed potential sponsors network buyers idea typical episode viewing pilots cbs fall schedule signed early sole sponsor remained entire run filming series began summer début sunday september est time slot home cbs seventeen years owner hit television series purchased rights television million guided seasons eleventh season approached decision completely boy dog theme dropped teamed succession workers focused conservation relevance time social change questioned began steady decline ratings new network prime time scheduling handed cbs canceled entered run syndication seasons new episode sunday march casting title character portrayed pilots pal mgm film male descendants played role son performed jeff years years retiring battle cancer recovered worked son rushed series brother baby training role prepared comfortable set overhead light crashed floor day natural seemingly confident performance frightened dog portrayal represents finest work played role spring fall baby son brother worked years appeared years seasons baby died years age live seventeen years followed role played years hey hey portrayed fictional syndicated seasons broadway star hired play farm widow playing father law child actor hired portray year old son professional time cast jeff friend recurring animal character seasons wanted leave producers decided find new boy ease miller family boys interviewed year old film veteran hired début fourth season opener runaway july died unexpectedly producers forced overhaul plot extensively reworked dropped quickly hired adoptive parents fourth season hired play paul uncle later dropped fourth season shooting progressed grew unhappy playing tired farm woman feuded set workers proved unpopular viewers ratings dropped filming completed season february severed ties producer dropped film veteran broadway stage star replaced fifth season played friend dog mike recurring character dropped star real regular neighbor wilson guest stars years included lone ranger years received decent ratings end season ratings fallen constant turnover cast viewers began warm reilly parents martin family accepted embraced public result ratings greatly improved spring received highest rating ranking declined renew contract producers decided demographics appeal older viewers end dropped boy dog theme plot featuring forest service ranger marine look alike cast year transitioned color filming spectacular scenic locations america exploited settings eventually alcoholism forced hired replace guest stars ranger years included years came end season settled ranch final syndicated seasons narration wife series associate producer narrated numerous episodes run series usually beginning ending multi episodes writers novelist wrote series scripts produced writers house american activities committee writers included credited hollywood went prison contempt united_states congress wife writing attended story conferences gave husband notes filming studio los_angeles california production moving saw location seasons episodes filmed grand canyon seasons offered alaska puerto_rico sites location shoots pages filmed day days week shows completed week shooting order possible barn segments filmed particular time crew moving film equal number kitchen scenes shots different episodes allowed bond dog dog studio spent weekends home playing animal bond translated film making boy dog scenes believable eventually dog developed divided looking direction trainer forced time boy dog spent typically dog trainers set waving meat dog look looking jon looking past jon piece beef recalled delivered line trainer wave piece meat head turn deliver line trainer attention deliver line sound editor cut said finally got heard trainers scene gone maybe hadn gotten dialogue right dog right print addition main involved episode shoot stand rehearsals stunt double fighter scenes involving battles animals theme music pieces theme music long broadcast history season secret silent hills theme series opening ending theme composed orchestral theme originally created radio courageous christian second season variation theme titled simply opening ending theme music director series listed composer theme changes original slight trained ear tell difference theme series orchestral rendition aria hearts swell opera exact time theme started uncertain conflicting records agreed series season change ownership famous theme songs appeared start fifth season song created performed nicknamed remained series theme rest martin years coming ranger years opening ending theme changed arrangement traditional folk tune orchestral returned series theme thirteenth season seven voyager episode remain series theme rest run television composer scored music nearly episode episodes sponsor sponsored entire nineteen year run instances product placement company asked products visible set episode episode campbell products seen background shots campbell required stars avoid appearing film theatrical production undermined american images company held contest grand prizes pups company executives hand delivered winner homes cents label frozen dinner viewers receive portrait friendship ring based company rings viewers company offered rich brown plastic picture viewers sent different labels campbell products labels represented million cans campbell products sold campbell paid company million year air commercials soup company profits rose seventy percent pre days campbell product introduced reportedly based mixture prepared printed advertisements product announced dogs come home dinner comes home year recipe earned million campbell year million help boost sales campbell paid write dog training manual called company premium offer plot themes plots boy dog seasons similar boy jeff got sort trouble help rushed save master life reunited family breathing relief boy received light lecture june described fairy tale people farm dog problems minutes time commercial episodes launched promoted halloween project children savings bond program spearheaded seasons saw christmas episodes conservation brought center stage scripts dealt race ethnicity jeff native americans asian americans aging americans presented positive light years featured martin family friend neighbor wilson seasons ranger years series able travel australia paul gotten job offer teach agriculture taken forest appeared episodes season began work color filming exploited ranger years friends sent exotic locations creating miniature viewers rangers featured era played stuart left series season program shifted gears somewhat anthology series traveling getting different adventures week similar format explanation given longer episodes final cbs season animals seasons series having moved run syndication taken played charge home orphaned boys ran college age son friend home final years series themes explored relationship boys dogs helping shape viewer understanding mid twentieth century american associated family values period parents groups monitoring television content found cliffhanger plots showing children danger intense young viewers objected actions believed encourage children parents consistently depicted caring responsible commitment family community rescuing perfect mother american ideology 1950s 1960s characters cast human leads miller family jeff widowed farm woman year old son father law jeff paternal grandfather farm boy jeff friend stage foster boy miller farm young farmer husband adoptive father jon wife adoptive mother june uncle wilson neighbor farmer nature lover neighbor owned dog named mike best friend forest forest forest traveling human leads son skip burton friend brother deaf child living near ranch dog actors pal pilot episodes baby hey hey media information broadcast history run televised september march seasons airing est order promote community related programming local moved primetime sundays est institution cbs executives felt received time slot traditional slot network family programs set canceled shows cbs canceled time period change target demographics entered run syndication board remained air years final episode airing march totaled episodes produced miller years sold syndication title jeff syndication martin family episodes aired title runs series aired nickelodeon current classic media currently owns rights entire television series trademark episodes air saturdays noon week children channel smile child nbc owned classic network airs miller martin farm era episodes daily action adventure western oriented classic movie network airs era episodes weekday airs overnight hours later series original series direct subsequent productions use character abc created animated saturday morning animated program called produced essentially sequel series new featuring run syndication seventh episode roots reprised role revealed adult revealed properly adopted consequently forced remain paul emigrated australia subsequently adopted family began going middle guest appearance episode amazing final television appearance prior death modified remake called airing new cable network filmed canada set vermont revolved boy named dog differences setting character circumstances exact remake original series feature film thanksgiving week color episode called journey filmed telecast february march episode follows swept away carnival hot air balloon eventually comes rest canadian wilderness face rescued star property appearance star performed stunts sponsor objected multi episodes believing viewers want tune week week find happened segment segments journey hit nielsen weeks aired segments later edited feature length film released august 20th century fox dvd releases reception ratings year year run cbs placed time slot sunday est ranked shows television highest ranking years nielsen ratings martin years placed martin year climb ran opposite abc nbc ran opposite disney disney anthology television series moved nbc managed climb advent seasons began steady decline ratings exception regularly pre cbs annual hour fall telecast wizard shown sunday film drew huge audience cbs nielsen ratings time slot remained high awards honors awards listed given time specifically related series time emmy award winner program award stars june television awarded promoting conservation series era shirt jeans displayed cultural impact character live characters receive star collections stars appeared covers parade life look guide merchandise produced run includes halloween costumes comic books items released legacy unauthorized information isbn conjunction association welcomed white_house january president signed law bill targeting soil water pollution called program sponsors honored senate dining room march presented plaque senators recognizing commitment environment called autobiography place fell abandoned shafts cliffs rivers lakes mad parodied episode goes character wins appearance smash hit starring heavily girl dinosaur like adventures | Lassie (1954 TV series) | Media and drama | Television | Other television series, 1950s debuts |
20287_FlashGordon(1954TVseries) | series science fiction television series based characters comic strip storyline comics series set flash year agents team travels galaxy ship sky flash battling cosmic villains order commander series filmed west german french american production series aired syndication aired east coast series proved popular american audiences critical response sparse positive garnered little modern critical attention little generally dismisses series critical thought devoted presentation cold war capitalist themes cast commander richards production universal_studios held production rights allowed lapse universal executives struck deal owners produce episodes series series produced writers included episodes directed composers provided original music shooting began abandoned beer hall serving principal shooting location cast crew lead actors director spoke english recall production difficulties caused matter galaxy explored spoke german accent use german actors speak english required use lot close ups stand camera correctly positioned actor look read line actor repeat line mimicking pronunciation emphasis series episode day episode shooting schedule citing salary disputes withdrew project completing episodes production moved direction final episodes preservation status physical copies episodes escape time october witch neptune march held fred collection library congress total fourteen episodes currently available public domain dvd releases websites internet archive episodes episodes critical response themes variety noted series technical standpoint demands script average viewer probably won notice differences quality home grown produce immediately popular united_states continued run syndication early 1960s modern critical reaction series light largely negative production values frequently derided series described bargain basement televised series suffered comparison earlier film television incarnation labeled vastly inferior lacking good concepts scripts lacking positive comment notes portrayal transformed typical distress trained scientist quick saved flash film theorist far series production values finds use stock footage numerous exterior sequences shot ruins bombed metropolis distinctly ravaged look writes international origins series interesting new cultural dimension air split cultural identity quotes german cultural historian writes particular scene episode cultural split scene uses stock footage june demonstration workers east german government soviet tanks opened fire confirming status soviet puppet state minds west germans american viewers baker speculates probably unaware iconic power west_germany images fleeing east illustrate panic neptune noting similarities ideals espoused space operas like american cold war values argues series designed values young viewers writes fellow space operas common theme peace universe achieved dangerous efforts dominance western powers echoes earlier critique soviet writer soviet film journal art cinema accused gordon space characters vanguard new greater american ravaged look series writes real world stage action space operas played | Flash Gordon (1954 TV series) | Media and drama | Television | Other television series, 1950s debuts |
13142_Daredevil(season2) | season second season american web television series based marvel comics character follows blind lawyer day fights crime night crossing paths deadly return old girlfriend set marvel cinematic universe sharing continuity films television series franchise season produced association serving series creator acting consultant stars introduced castle return season joining season ordered april successful release replacing season showrunner production season began july continued december season focusing nature heroism comparison showing affect life episodes season premiered paris march season episodes released march critics praised introduction castle performance particular season action storylines missed presence season half season series renewed season july episodes cast characters production development asked future series following season showrunner said bigger plan iron fist defenders fits second season fold questions answers november said probably seasons following january stated series eligible multiple seasons sure look addressing marvel fanbase broader fanbase determine additional seasons appropriate april marvel announced series renewed second season replacing acting executive producers served writers season worked closely series creator season introduces writers wanted introduce post credits scene season finale unable way begins episode credits current felt right decision think better organic way introduce world referred second season internally september explained involved season executive producer consulting asked season consists hour long episodes writing talked second season different saying writers spent season wondering place dark gritty content positive fan reaction got loud answer yes approached second season mindset wanted grounded wanted dark asked talking potential use flashbacks season said best layer flashback people room talking power world pick choose including specifically season introduced felt television best fit character writers able things small screen fit character better water movies stated season approach characters actions makes sense characters pushing boundary looking shock audience noted adult darker way freedom presence characters stated writers hoped stir pot people think inclusion lethal methods adding taking lethal justice hands america tricky shit away rich complicated reality got gun police going strong feelings added castle referred writer room similarly called season allowed writers think castle man oath dead family specific got issues outside hell kitchen things series moniker given castle media aggressive actions timing introducing new characters decided introduce immediately hold briefly explaining great characters play wanting throw wall important time introduce new characters properly audience particularly people weren familiar aim story focused revealed writers come amazing stuff season realize forgotten completely turn look affects matt filter added easily story story matt cameos vice versa built like matt story terms wanted wanted end season wanted learn frank story talked watch shows episode stretches watch exciting structure like think divide right middle act structure sit watch episodes absolutely feel structure like comics season explained imprisoned following season season picks crime rate having things returned normal better normal introduced makes question matt sic head said season matt decision hero season hero introducing writers able push pull contrasting seeing justice black white kind way living gray particular said clear self motivated agenda challenges agenda quest justice end goal trying achieve casting return season franklin nelson respectively june cast cast month later september joined cast blake tower returning season stick recurring roles respectively reprise jones roles samantha reyes design designed costumes characters season stated layers added series atmosphere season dark provide clarity viewer issue occurred season talked costumes characters noting look comics looks cool fight protect people wearing kick ass costumes point everybody promise said want feel organic grounded possible joined series costume designer season adapting costume season comics usually consists red cloth decided appealing faithful comics originally starting opposite eventual design fighting daytime attire said ideas tossed possibly bohemian free spirit traveled world money possibly eventually led final design needs simple elegant line cloth overwhelming costume consisted black pants piece body suit vest red cloth provide highlights hood covering face shade red season chosen clash red costume match darker tone series costume upgraded season calling fluid suit tactical way costume department streamlined suit simpler material boots filming production season began july working title ringside day episode schedule filming ended december joined series director photography season deciding slightly different direction season retaining yellowish street light color gave season distinct style filmed season resolution red dragon cameras tried use shot lighting lamps car light blankets flexible sheets led small fit tight locations light taped wall nice soft light adjusted daylight color highlighted car chase beginning guilty sin challenge noting chasing car jumps car travels roof block stunts filmed location ultimate arm crane mounted sequence break series usual handheld operations chase shot nights interior car filmed green screen stage rarity series actors better environment act season fight sequences choreography said fights character driven fights tell story cox added absolutely attempt sure punch kick thrown like line dialogue motive reason means cox stunt double explained series fight choreography evolved season having shown starting fought heart soul wasn polished fighter raw gritty second season sees character having learned previous mistakes style defined thought fight flair fighting styles said military background uses lot weapons hand hand style close quarter combat nature trained stick hand similar movement trained stick continued hand trained assassins stealth quick kills style shows elements season uses multiple different martial art styles including chinese wing boxing fight new_york finest fights gang members staircase described cox kind like homage season received hallway fight scene like scene crack noted descent hell test like season scene stunt team days prepare fight final sequence filmed day half unlike season scene shot set camera mounted ceiling track sequence filmed location required camera passed multiple people final shot season includes homage hallway scene seven minutes heaven hallway fight noted blown murdering strong contrast season fights stunt team filmed version stunt doubles actors cox shown sections day filming allowed adjustments necessary actors completed majority fights doubles major stunts visual effects shade returns season work visual effects series music september begun composing music season felt season new true trying season elements season acknowledge jokingly said like sudden went territory know definitely dark gritty definitely jumps couple levels approaching characters familiar comics previous adaptations took notions grain salt waited season interpretation characters worked closely series sound design team spotting episodes coordinate going hit maintain aspect new_york sound soundtrack album season released digitally july music composed noted marvel cinematic universe tie ins references larger said little easter eggs come way fun times writers opportunities reference rest universe felt like series narrative characters stated writers wanted hell kitchen focus issues air doesn work interested explained real life new_york_city larger life presence celebrities live walking street great turn corner argument guy want guys real new season features motorcycle gang introduced nevada chapter agents episode yes men company featured mentions death oscar law firm references season release second season released march streaming service territories available ultra preparing release created different images use cover art season site images randomly distributed select subscribers tracking best performing eventually use subscribers debuted countdown percentage users worldwide allowing long season debut marketing footage season shown new_york comic con october comic con experience december february season trailer released focusing second focusing released days later february forbes felt clearly going vibe similar length teaser december castle framed natural reaction appreciated appeared castle presented villain previous film character castle hero end trailer castle starts monologue ing feeling casts imposing grim shadow near silent angel death haunting mythological mood broken vanity_fair felt premise trailer facing right line big superhero trend spring comparing captain america civil war batman superman dawn justice feature fighting batman fighting superman respectively robinson wondered like films season separate bigger bad waiting wings unite trailer hiding march episodes season premiered paris premiere new_york_city march early march billboards erected toronto featuring character posters series twitter account encouraged users vote character favorite receiving blood added billboards reception critical response review aggregator website rotten_tomatoes reported approval rating average rating based reviews website critical consensus reads bolstered impressive action keeps season additions fill void left metacritic uses weighted average assigned score based critics indicating generally favorable reviews reviewing seven episodes variety said season begins uneven note comparing early moments works complete slow motion bullets blood stick featuring terrific action sequences introducing grim world seminal characters felt seven episodes season learned best season placing compelling imagery center taking time pick apart characters beneath shout saving city praised respectively enjoyed improved spotlight karen given reduction saying superhero series struggle draw supporting characters action particular blend set piece legal thriller feels original note series lacked presence brought season concluded season progression feels cleaner moving acts forth victories aim feels cohesive start place matt karen confident new roles wrestling consequence choice help helpless forbes said season excellent season places isn improved praised noted reduction thick blacks cinematography season criticized praised seven episodes season giving stars saying series finds overwhelmingly sincere effective traces humanity genre hard pressed feel overtly pre conceived political societal philosophical ideas said like feels like constantly evolving consistently searching challenges cabin felt use sound image suggest line dialogue continues set series apart half measured added season goes great lengths stakes moral ethical issues seen pitting methods intensely involving thrilling praising action sequences season streamlined focus character writing claiming films seductive intimacy heart writing awarded season missing menace feeling castle effective season long assault heroic identity gives supporting characters purpose ign reviewer reviewing episodes season individually gave season saying excelled action story giving complex layered season gone notable main villain instead given fantastic performances main cast newcomers independent slightly critical early episodes season saying ideological battle episodes highlights main problem pointing real bad guy times watch episode end beating start thinking matrix agreed presence ben filled season despite shepherd added season began pick fourth episode introduction episodes seven called far season best laying foundation exciting story ahead praising cox performances reviewing seven episodes hollywood reporter expressed similar sentiments shepherd feeling episodes missed brought season line threat presented fortunately realized action brutal maybe big picture emerge season second half portrayals characters felt challenge remain wholly invested don involve despite right edge fight scenes praised highlighting different styles vary ing dynamic entertainment_weekly award season calling straight disappointment calling early episodes face sluggish added drama long scenes exposition dull interrupted occasional staged fight sequence added hope improvement came introduction sixth episode template rest season ultimately felt stiff silly time disappointed season saying hard feel taken long particularly enjoyable ride wants fun extreme gore path business plan viewer committed story left searching dark vulture joined criticism calling seven episodes reviewed parade cliché recycling themes images rhetoric audiences seen countless times wouldn bad felt superhero content released year feels unnecessary praise performance saying sympathetic antagonist standout performance season near fun contrast season called marvel attempt depict sex kind realistic way called second season sexy accolades got champions positive portrayals military veterans hollywood deemed certified accurately portray ing veterans character insists legal representation veteran stereotypes order defend actions | Daredevil (season 2) | Media and drama | Television | Daredevil |
13423_Pancakemachine | machine machine electrically powered machine automatically produces cooked believed earliest known machine invented united_states types machines exist perform manners commercial home use fully automatic operation semi automatic companies mass produce machines constructed novelty machine commemoration day united_kingdom history man portland oregon invented electric machine operated process batter dropped revolving heated storage cylinder atop heated electricity batter dropped controlled controlled amounts compressed air pushed batter storage cylinder batter revolved hot flipped halfway cooking process shelf atop flipped completed ejected machine contact gate united_states automatic machine developed specially formulated batter mix manufactured branch machine produce minutes semi automatic machine performed cooking functions pouring batter engineers developed fabricated diameter gas burning machines annual day sponsored types uses types machines exist run batter heated inside box unit automatically drop batter machines developed cook sides simultaneously semi automatic machines exist require human interaction function pouring batter commercial machines industry restaurants serve reduce waste batter hotels machines guests allowed operate environments self service manner airport hotels machines versions machines constructed example machine constructed florida organization annual day machine utilized filled batter manually dropped revolving manually flipped cooking completed required people operation produce hour companies brands commercial home consumer machines mass produced companies contemporary times commercial products commercial machines typically commercial industries machine brand produce hour produced seconds machine machine designed use commercial establishments convenience stores company produces brand machines machine invented july approximately worldwide brand features allow users adjust size quantity level produced plates produced minutes time machine consumer products consumer versions machines home use simpler operation compared commercial machines typically involving basic feature adjust cooking temperature consumer machines typically sized small brands include swan come party roller single plate machine andrew james maker review consumer machines published daily_mail recommended machines uses example roller single plate machine recommended use large groups people maker recommended prefer simple design review recommended andrew james maker overall best value march machine received target donation request website produce custom designs performed use batter bottle moved machine arm atop machine utilizes custom software accomplish novelty machines commemoration day united_kingdom novelty machine built february involved complex series steps automatically produce scratch machine involves use laid egg rolls moves egg area automatically cracked mixed ingredients point mixture poured flipped cook flipped plate | Pancake machine | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Miscellaneous |
21664_Frenchfryvendingmachine | french machine french machine machine hot french known chips known french machine developed circa defunct precision australia companies developed manufactured french machines prototypes furthermore prototype machine developed netherlands brands manufacturers prototypes historical defunct australian company precision designed known french machine named company registered design australian government january machine cooked hot chips seconds operated coins salt included underneath cup chips served company inc developed french machine named locations college campuses factories september cooked oil seconds orders prepared oil changed machine feature automatically turned event malfunction fire built contemporary based china began development french machine delivers hot french seconds acquired belgium machine developed belgian field tested brussels belgium summer machine weighs pounds cook french beef fat cooking oil adapted machine operate beef fat development took year requires manual cleaning orders prepared later developments included installation ventilation system uses filters reduce machine new_york_post referred french machine machines august order french machine priced usd customers choose accompaniment add provided single serving machine small fork technology russian company french machine china israel technology united_states machine uses frozen french prepares seconds hot air cooking oil based slovakia markets french machine years development january perth australia released hot chips machine uses rice oil company stated plans produce market machines developed prototypes tested adelaide perth prototypes supply including named chicken salt chicken flavored salt september netherlands students presented fully automatic prototype machine frozen potato strips deep final product served process takes minutes start finish product served paper cup potato strips stored frozen state inside machine oil unit uses specially designed prevent potatoes crushed broken september single prototype available housed orders placed fork salt provided separately box gallery | French fry vending machine | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Miscellaneous |
13559_ChileanbattleshipCapitánPrat | chilean battleship unique ironclad battleship built late 1880s completed armed main battery guns single turrets battleship world equipped electrical system built dockyard france commissioned chilean fleet foreign navies tried purchase ship twice outbreak wars including american attempt japanese offer served fleet years disarmed accordance treaty signed argentina intended stop naval arms race countries ship returned service remained active duty fleet reduced coastal defense ship submarine tender disarmed training ship engineers remained navy inventory sold scrap design feet long perpendiculars beam displaced metric tons long tons short tons draft hull steel built wood copper equipped ram bow ship mounted masts fighting tops crew officers enlisted men powered pair horizontal expansion engines supplied steam cylindrical boilers boilers funnels centerline propulsion system rated indicated horsepower speed mph designed carry long tons short tons coal carry long tons short tons battleship navy utilize electricity power machinery ship armed main battery caliber guns single electrically powered turrets placed forward centerline mounted amidships fourth located aft superstructure centerline secondary battery consisted guns twin turrets mounted foremast mainmast close range defense torpedo boats provided battery pounder guns pounder guns pounder guns armed torpedo tubes deck mounted launchers bow stern broadside ship armor consisted steel armored belt thick amidships waterline waterline belt reduced forward aft belt waterline end ship belt extended waterline citadel thick protected ship machinery spaces amidships extended upper deck closed ends bulkheads thick outside citadel deck protected thick armor barbettes main battery guns thick thick protect gun crews conning tower thick sides service history august passed law authorizing construction new vessels fleet decided order new battleship foreign shipyard contract constructing new chilean battleship european shipyards sought british german french contract awarded shipyard france april cost ship agreed laid ship launched december commissioned chilean fleet arrived chile received favorable reviews contemporary naval critics seen prime example combining high speed good armament armor protection heralded powerful war ship possessed south american government sic vessel present commission united_states_navy construction ship helped begin naval arms race chile argentina addition ordered new protected cruisers pair torpedo boats argentina responded battleships race continued 1890s expensive chilean civil war race culminated orders armored cruisers class battleships purchased united_kingdom british concerned possibility war countries agreement resulted treaty ended expensive arms race stipulated countries arrive agreement balance fleets led argentine armored cruisers later rearmed march shortly outbreak spanish american war navy attempted purchase bolster fleet coming conflict spain negotiations fell ship remained chile prelude russo japanese war japanese government looked purchasing cruiser south american warships eventually purchased commissioned imperial_japanese_navy ship seen comparison newer armored cruisers fleet ship modernized included installation new boilers place old cylindrical boilers increasing ship speed mph height funnels increased march suffered magazine explosion anchored port cases bad aft main battery magazine exploded construction ship provided quick explosion defects cases allowed explosive escape easily saved ship destruction time years old maximum life span reduced coast defense ship ship designated submarine tender chile brien class submarines disarmed serve mechanical training school old battleship ultimately sold scrap | Chilean battleship Capitán Prat | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Chile |
14107_MichelleObama | robinson obama born january american lawyer writer married 44th current president united_states barack_obama african american lady united_states raised illinois obama graduate princeton_university spent early legal career working law firm met husband subsequently worked university_of_chicago vice president married couple daughters obama campaigned husband presidential bid delivering address democratic national convention speaking democratic national convention spoke democratic national convention philadelphia delivered speech support hillary_clinton lady fashion icon role model women advocate poverty awareness nutrition physical activity healthy eating family education early life ancestry born january illinois city water plant employee democratic captain secretary catalog store mother time entered high school robinson shields families trace roots pre civil war african americans father descended people south_carolina low country region paternal great great grandfather slave south_carolina state paternal family reside grandfather built house south_carolina wife née johnson returned low country retirement maternal ancestors great great great grandmother slave acre farm georgia son born slavery based dna evidence researchers said father likely year old son master talk relatives father moved birmingham alabama civil war children migrated cleveland ohio chicago grandparents ancestors reflecting complex history extended family said people talk era slavery growing distant ancestry includes irish european roots addition paternal cousin removed african american jewish son grandfather sister robinson grew story avenue chicago south shore community area parents rented small apartment second floor great aunt lived raised describes conventional home mother home father works dinner table elementary school street enjoyed playing games monopoly reading frequently saw extended family sides played piano learning great aunt piano teacher attended services nearby vacation cabin michigan month older brother second grade father suffered multiple profound emotional effect growing determined stay trouble good student father wanted sixth grade joined gifted class later renamed attended chicago high school established selective enrollment school classmate daughter round trip south home school located took hours recalled fearful perceive disregarded fuel going recalled experiencing gender discrimination growing saying example asking opinion given subject people commonly tended ask older brother thought honor roll years took advanced placement classes member served student council treasurer graduated class education early career inspired follow brother princeton_university graduated went basketball coach recalls teachers high school tried dissuade applying told setting sights high believed brother alumni status helped admission process resolved demonstrate acknowledges overwhelmed arriving year fact parents graduated college spent time college campus mother white roommate reportedly unsuccessfully tried daughter moved race recalls time princeton time aware ethnicity despite willingness classmates teachers want understand felt like visitor campus remember shocked says college students drove didn know parents drove princeton got involved known academic cultural group supported minority students running day care center included school challenged teaching french felt requirements graduation wrote thesis titled researched thesis sending african american graduates requesting specify comfortable race prior enrollment princeton felt student sent survey small number fewer responded findings support hope black alumni identity african american community attended elite university advantages graduates african american studies graduating cum bachelor_of_arts robinson went earn doctor degree time applied biographer bond wrote confidence grown time doubt mind earned place faculty mentor said answered question plagued princeton time arrived remain product parents identity acquired princeton believing concluded brilliant black harvard participated demonstrations advocating hiring professors members minorities worked assisting low income tenants housing cases lady degree immediate predecessors later education gave opportunities imagined july accepted invitation honorary member year old black alpha alpha active undergraduate chapter princeton attended family life obama father died complications illness march later hole heart loss memory father motivated day friend died cancer time obama later telling loss think contributions society influencing world law firm seen turning point met barack_obama african americans law firm said pointed different departments assigned mentor summer associate relationship started business lunch community organization meeting impressed meeting obama previously told mother focus solely career couple date spike lee movie right thing barack_obama opined attract scenario interest initially stability parent home adventurous married october daughters born known born election obama family continued live chicago south choosing remain moving washington husband campaign president commitment away overnight week campaign days week home end second day daughters requested fiancé meet prospective boss considering career husband closest advisors marital relationship flows combination evolving family life beginning political career led arguments balancing work family barack_obama wrote second book hope thoughts american dream tired stressed little time conversation romance despite family obligations careers continued attempt schedule date nights lived chicago daughters attended private school member school board fought maintain diversity school board members connected university_of_chicago tried reserve slots children university faculty resulted plan expand school attend washington considering georgetown day school stated interview ellen degeneres intend children received advice past ladies raising children white house mother moved white_house assist child care religion obama protestant christian raised methodist joined barack_obama married performed announced withdrawn membership christ stating relations trinity strained divisive statements sharply conflict views obama family attended different protestant churches moving including 49th african methodist general conference encouraged attendees advocate political awareness saying says church place talk issues tell place better place better ultimately political issues moral issues issues human dignity human potential future want kids career following law school associate chicago office law firm met future husband firm worked marketing intellectual property continues hold law license longer needs work voluntary inactive status held public sector positions chicago city government assistant mayor assistant commissioner planning development executive director chicago office non profit organization encouraging young people work social issues nonprofit groups government agencies worked nearly years set fundraising records organization stood years left obama served university_of_chicago developed began working executive director community affairs beginning vice president continued hold position primary campaign cut time order spend time daughters work husband election subsequently took leave absence job according couple income tax return salary husband salary united_states senate total income included earned member board directors investments royalties books obama reflected life prior working build public allies obama served board member inc major supplier cut ties immediately husband comments critical forum new_jersey served board directors early campaigns interview acknowledged strong possibility husband begin political career said wary process meaning lives open book private campaigned husband behalf early political career fund raising activity campaigned husband run united_states house_of_representatives boss university_of_chicago asked single thing campaigning enjoyed thought replied visiting living rooms given new ideas reportedly turned requests campaign attend obama husband run congressional seat defeat preferred husband tending financial needs family deemed practical way obama reservations husband presidential campaign fears possible negative effect daughters says negotiated agreement husband smoking exchange support decision run role husband presidential campaign said job senior adviser campaign discussed race education framework months husband declared presidential candidacy obama reduced professional responsibilities percent support presidential campaign early campaign limited involvement traveled political events days week rarely traveled overnight early february participation increased significantly attending thirty events days campaign appearances wrote speeches husband presidential campaign generally spoke notes campaign media labeled angry black woman web sites attempted image prompting respond public eye years developed thick skin way campaigning criticism stride end day know comes territory time democratic national convention august media outlets observed presence campaign trail grown softer start race focusing concerns audience throwing challenges giving interviews shows like view publications like appearing news programs change reflected fashion choices wearing informal clothes place previous designer pieces view appearance partly intended help public image widely covered press presidential campaign obama exposure national political scene field democratic candidates narrowed considered famous candidates early campaign told anecdotes obama family life press began emphasize toned new_york_times columnist wrote bit husband mere mortal comic routine rests god smart politics mock way turns glam mundane english senator obama debunk night democratic national convention introduced younger sister delivered speech sought portray family embodiment obama said husband believed work hard want life word bond going treat people dignity respect don know don agree emphasized loving country response criticism previous statements feeling proud country time original statement seen address largely received drew positive reviews poll found americans reached october broadcast asked obama american electorate past bradley effect stated husband achievement nomination fairly strong indicator night interviewed daily criticism husband campaign pulse referred fist bump shared night clinched democratic presidential nomination terrorist fist hill taken air cancelled lady united_states early months lady obama visited homeless shelters soup sent representatives schools advocated public service obama advocated husband policy priorities promoting bills support hosted white_house reception women rights advocates celebration enactment fair pay act pay equity law supported economic bill visits observers looked favorably legislative activities said involved politics according representatives intends visit united_states cabinet level agencies order acquainted washington june white_house announced replacing current chief staff longtime friend adviser senior adviser key aide served left chief staff president named fascinating person year initiatives lady include advocating behalf military families helping working women balance career family encouraging national service promoting arts arts education obama supporting military families personal mission increasingly bonding military families according aides stories sacrifice families tears april obama husband awarded award highest honor given homeless veteran advocates obama honored award accepting november article accusing obama feminist nightmare position education advocate women issues sharply criticized political spectrum quoted saying obama styles promotion healthy eating support military families essentially english lady manor circa 1830s prominent critic host asked supporters obama note lady people administration address promoting good eating habits leading public health crises obama joined campaign bring school girls kidnapped nigeria lady tweeted picture holding poster campaign course obama presidency particularly second term subject speculation run presidency similarly predecessor hillary_clinton potential candidacy supported april cnn poll run presidency opposed idea poll found obama support clinton winning democratic nomination higher potential candidates alternatively poll month found americans believed obama run presidency approving january town hall meeting president obama asked lady talked running responded things certain life death taxes running president tell march speaking austin texas obama denied run office citing desire impact people possible way let obama predecessors hillary_clinton supported organic movement instructing white_house buy organic food obama extended efforts healthy eating planting white_house organic garden white_house vegetable garden served lady installing bee white_house garden supplied organic produce honey family state official gatherings january obama undertook lead role administration wide initiative named let progress reversing 21st century trend childhood february lady announced let president barack_obama created task force review current programs create national plan change stated goal effort legacy want leave time person spent thing changed hope going area childhood book story white_house gardens america based experiences garden promotes healthy eating action healthy eating echoed facing expanding problem recruit republicans obama initiative october senator linked twitter account announcing website going january republican governor new_jersey presidential candidate condemned lady involvement healthy eating campaign trail iowa arguing government exercise views eating obama previously cited example adult struggled demographic sought diminish targeting children let working kids young don direct challenges older february senator indicated obama health policies end administration promising french return wife lady lgbt rights presidential election obama boasted gay democrat groups husband record lgbt rights support illinois gender violence act don ask don tell repeal civil unions hate crimes protection sexual orientation gender identity renewed effort fight hiv aids opponents constitutional amendments banning sex marriage federal california florida said supreme_court delivered justice lawrence texas case drew connection struggles gay rights civil rights stating marched died pursuit perfect union repeal don ask don tell september obama included openly gay service members national military families initiative came publicly favor sex marriage prior stated position sex marriage publicly senior white_house officials said senior adviser consistent advocates sex marriage barack_obama life went important issue millions americans comes values equality want pass girls basic values kids learn young age encourage apply areas lives country teach children equal law sex couples isn right simple said knows lived wants country opportunity matter look like love presidential election obama campaigned husband election beginning obama politically active election avoided discussions election bid time election cycle developed open public image viewing popular member obama administration poll numbers having dropped entering white_house obama senior campaign official dubbed popular political figure america positive assessment reasoned contributed active role election campaign noted challenge obama campaign popularity obama viewed figure having sharp deep loyalty americans seen having improved image time election husband initially ran presidency commented daily beast style changed course campaign sensitive economical obama expressed confidence husband debating skills prior debate election cycle performance later criticized appearing detached looking addressing leading consensus won debate speech obama found new_york_times poll conducted september favorably rating registered voters highest sustained april obama aimed husband relating stories attempting appeal female voters swing states commented guardian tactic wife republican presidential candidate polls october showed husbands tied female vote ratings remained higher despite obama higher poll numbers comparisons obama consistently media election regardless newsweek writing votes lady domestic travels obama delivered commencement speech graduating ceremony california address praised afterward students found san_francisco_chronicle wrote chemistry obama students august obama attended 50th anniversary ceremony march washington lincoln memorial positive attention brought obama attire black dress red flowers designed reacted releasing public statement honored lady choose wear designs celebration deeply significant historical moment march obama traveled alabama family commemorate anniversary montgomery marches obama publicly stated daughter exposed violence protesters marches alive president obama remarks joined original crossing bridge july obama coming los_angeles year special olympics world games october obama joined visiting military base virginia attempt prince raise awareness programs supporting harmed service members december obama traveled husband california meet families victims terrorist attack occurred weeks earlier foreign trips april obama met queen elizabeth_ii buckingham palace obama embracing attending event world leaders obama praised generated controversy protocol elizabeth april obama traveled mexico solo visit nation mexico obama spoke students encouraging responsibility referring children obama argued potential found unlikely places citing husband examples obama traveled africa second official trip june touring cape_town meeting obama involved community events foreign countries commented white_house staff trip africa advance foreign policy husband march obama visited china daughters mother met wife chinese president visited historic cultural sites university high schools deputy national security adviser said visit intent obama symbolize relationship united_states china leaders relationship peoples january obama traveled saudi_arabia alongside husband following death king received criticism covering head nation women forbidden publicly obama defended having submit saudi_arabia customs praised corners obama greeted acknowledged encounter june obama undertook trip london italian cities london spoke students international education adolescent girls met british prime minister joined daughters mother november spent week official visit middle_east continued advancing initiative international education women speaking world innovation summit education let girls learn initiative touring school jordan met female students trip obama intended visit jordan trip canceled weather conditions jordan obama intended visit school constructed assistance funds march obama accompanied husband children cuba trip seen administration having possibility positively relations country america later month couple daughters traveled argentina meeting argentine president elections obama campaigned democratic candidates elections making debut campaign trail milwaukee wisconsin time began campaigning obama approval rating percentage points higher husband obama indicated january consensus campaign speculation involvement came large approval rating reports invited speak events democrats toured seven states weeks october viewed essential white_house aides reported deeply involved political discussions engage republicans public disputes elections took place thirteen democratic candidates obama campaigned won los_angeles_times concluded obama popular husband election proved better particularly home state obama participant elections held time popularity superseded husband extent receive larger support campaigning reporting travel denver colorado wrote democrats want president obama campaign lady popular obama found favorable approval rating cnn poll husband coming video released july effort encourage voter turnout called voters hungry obama appeared fundraiser georgia september democratic senate candidate obama approach campaigning georgia discussing current events instead broadly stressed importance registering vote turning elections obama appearances came dislike away children washington politics opposition republicans husband agenda view democrats sufficiently supporters initiatives end childhood obama raised profile october touring states days obama called elections husband campaign public image style ascent husband prominent national politician obama popular culture essence listed world inspiring women july vanity_fair listed world best dressed people honorary guest legends ball young paying tribute legends helped way african american women september magazine listed harvard list prior year influential harvard alumni husband ranked fourth july repeat appearance vanity_fair international best dressed list appeared people list best dressed women praised magazine classic confident look time husband election sources anticipated high profile african american woman stable marriage obama positive role model influence view world african americans fashion choices fashion week obama influence field impact african american models participate thought obama public support grew early months lady accepted role model trip abroad april toured cancer ward wife british prime minister newsweek described trip abroad exhibition called star power described display questions raised american british media protocol met touch queen reception traditional royal palace sources denied breach occurred obama compared sense style discipline obama style described fashion populist wore clothes high end design companies expensive pieces target year study found patronage worth average million company fashion particular favoring dresses including term official portrait dress ball designed obama appeared cover photo spread march issue vogue lady vogue hillary_clinton previously appeared cover august woman appear cover person years lady announce winner oscar best picture went media criticized focusing lady fashion sense contributions said election like focus attention lady issues concern military working families blogger pbs host columnist argued obama feeding emphasis style substance stated obama style | Michelle Obama | Social sciences and society | Politics and government | Spouses of heads of state and heads of government |
17772_ImeldaMarcos | born july widow philippine dictator 10th president served lady dictatorship husband remains richest politicians philippines collection clothing artwork jewelry money offshore bank accounts pseudonym result called critics accuse born manila moved prior world war death mother returned manila pursue career singer beauty queen married president philippines declared martial law lady built developments metropolis manila spending time abroad state visits shopping assassination opposition leader caused mass protests eventually led family forced exile widow installed president death husband ferdinand returned philippines later elected times house_of_representatives infamous included owning thousand pairs shoes housed museum worked fashion designer model referred supporters early life trinidad born july manila philippines died uncle associate justice paternal ancestors land owning family mixed spanish ancestry siblings including mother died family moved claimed met landed end world war speaks english languages manila language roman catholic returned manila request cousin worked music store street singer attract customers entered miss manila beauty came second named muse manila result briefly dated early 1950s met future husband married congressman marriage resulted children born november born september born september adopted girl named lady served lady husband ferdinand elected november 10th president philippines role presidency controversial partly involved celebrities beatles band allegedly invitation state dinner presidential palace beams actress alleged relations ferdinand september ferdinand declared martial law rewrote constitution country lady half dictatorship stirred controversy assassination attempt occurred december tried stab knife shot police motive appeared role husband presidency human rights believed staged government orchestrated public events national funds bolster husband image secured miss universe manila required construction months organized festival showcasing philippine history initiated social programs green revolution intended address hunger encouraging people plant produce household gardens created national family planning program early 1970s took control distribution bread called actually came appointed member interim national congress representing appointed ambassador extraordinary allowing tour united_states soviet_union yugoslavia cuba travels friends richard_nixon traveled iraq secure oil libya peace treaty held position minister human settlements allowing construct lung center philippines palace purchased property manhattan 1980s including million wall street million declined buy felt power struggle instrumental exile opposition leader suffered heart attack imprisonment martial law philippines later lifted continued president husband began suffer effectively ruled place returned assassinated manila international airport arrival accusations beginning rise ferdinand created fact finding committee investigate ultimately finding guilty february snap elections held widow despite husband claiming won elections allegations vote rigging led mass protests later known february family fled hawaii left palace found left coats pairs shoes exact number shoes varies estimates pairs time reported final tally location shoes jewelry destroyed contents stolen october ferdinand associates including arabian businessman weapons believed involved husband regime indicted federal grand jury manhattan charges conspiracy fraud justice tobacco posted million bail lady couple defense team led criminal defense attorney actor testified trial grant immunity acknowledging received million loan associate july following month trial acquitted charges time ferdinand died exile hawaii september later years allowed return philippines november following year ran president presidential elections finishing 5th candidates elected representing district despite facing disqualification lawsuit supreme_court ruled favor sought presidency later withdrew support eventual winner finished 9th candidates november started business fashion label included designing jewelry march acquitted charges having illegally taken money country reasonable doubt ran second district elections replace son ran senate term held position ordered return government funds taken husband won election bid renew term elected final term wealth allegedly owned assets worth billion occasion spent forced plane turn mid air forgot buy cheese rome collection shoes lies partly partly shoe museum damaged ancestral home serves museum retains homes resides allegedly owns swiss bank accounts pseudonym claimed fortune came gold semi mythical treasure widely believed philippines japanese world war property include piece art collection included works said switzerland federal tribunal ruled december cash swiss banks returned philippine government philippine court convicted march judge manila philippines acquitted counts illegal transfers funds swiss bank accounts determining government failed prove case declared net worth million listed second richest filipino politician boxer politician october attempted sale paintings subject legal case new_york time aide sentenced years prison attempting sell valuable belonged country january collections jewelry collection collection hawaii collection paintings seized philippine government rare pink diamond worth million discovered jewelry collection february government philippines announced collections valued million auctioned end term june legacy influenced fashion philippines role arts fashion controversial second track album song subject documentary film british producer musician released concept album life called lies love later rock musical manila local performance artist performs walking tour performed foreign honors jordan 1st class march romania order august april order pro spain february | Imelda Marcos | Social sciences and society | Politics and government | Spouses of heads of state and heads of government |
18590_LauraBush | born november wife 43rd president united_states lady bush graduated bachelor degree education took job second grade teacher attaining master degree library science austin employed librarian bush avid proponent bush met future husband married later year couple twin daughters bush political involvement began marriage campaigned husband unsuccessful run united_states congress later successful texas gubernatorial campaign lady texas bush implemented initiatives focused health education literacy aided husband campaigning presidency number ways notably delivering address republican national convention gained national attention lady husband defeated democrat polled popular ladies bush involved national global concerns tenure continued advance trademark interests education literacy establishing semi annual national book festival encouraged education worldwide scale advanced women causes cure organizations represented united_states foreign trips tended focus hiv aids malaria awareness bush memoir spoken heart published early life career born november midland texas child born bush english french swiss ancestry father home builder later successful real estate developer mother worked father business early parents encouraged read leading love reading said learned important reading home mother little girl mother read stories loved books going library summer liked spend reading library enjoyed women books reading gives enjoyment life bush credited second grade teacher inspiring interest education night november ran stop sign struck car resulting death driver victim close friend classmate douglas accounts douglas boyfriend time passenger treated minor injuries according accident report released city midland response open records request charged incident bush spokesman said tragic accident deeply affected families painful involved including community large book spoken heart says accident caused lose faith years attended san junior high school midland graduated lee went attend dallas member graduated degree education graduating began career second grade school teacher taught years school houston attained master science degree austin soon employed librarian gardens branch following year moved austin took job librarian reflected employment experiences group children saying worked teacher librarian learned important reading school life marriage family met july mutual friends joe jan invited bush backyard home proposed end september married november year midland church baptized bought tan toned dress rack wedding couple mexico detailed choice marry best decision life child said gained brothers sisters wonderful laws accepted year marriage couple began campaigning congressional candidacy according asked marry said yes promise campaign speech soon relented gave speech courthouse steps texas narrowly winning primary lost general election bush attended inauguration father law vice president january running mate ronald_reagan won presidential election attributed father law vice presidency giving husband national exposure bushes tried conceive years pregnancy happen easily november gave birth twin daughters barbara jenna twins born weeks early emergency section developed life threatening pre twins graduated high school attended yale_university austin respectively date bush lady given birth twins credited wife decision stop drinking reflected thought husband drinking amid knowing desired way living approaching related father alcoholic pattern wished repeat family credited having effect private life according people magazine reporter steel influence think built ways person today bush traveled kuwait april accompanying father law mother law brothers law president bush invited return middle_east time presidency times year bush husband travel family estate bush compound better known walker point located maine compound bush family gatherings held nearly years lady texas bush lady texas husband elected governor texas served lady state january december asked interest politics responded doesn drive years hold single formal event worked women children causes including health education literacy implemented major initiatives time kids awareness campaign educate parents family literacy cooperation family literacy urged texas communities establish family literacy programs reach read reading program early childhood educational program raised money public libraries establishment texas book festival established lady family literacy initiative encouraged families read bush established rainbow rooms state effort provide emergency services neglected abused children promoted adopt program provide support position advocate disease breast cancer awareness husband announced campaign president united_states agreed dreamed run office bush campaign worked assure voters lady seek emulate lady hillary_clinton asked like past ladies insisted july delivered address delegates republican national convention national stage december husband resigned governor texas prepare inauguration president united_states january lady united_states lady bush involved issues concern children women nationally internationally major initiatives included education women health education children early administration bush known focus attention education included recruiting highly qualified teachers ensure young children taught focused early child development promote reading education partnered launch annual national book festival january bush testified asking higher teachers salaries better training head start programs credited creating national initiative called ready read ready learn promotes reading young age promote american patriotic heritage schools helped launch bush media executives worked provide grant school libraries gulf_coast devastated hurricanes katrina immediately following september attacks bush spoke america children need children safe homes schools need people love care bad people world good people following day composed open letters america families focusing elementary middle school students distributed state education officials took interest emotional effects attacks children particularly disturbing images repeatedly television year anniversary encouraged parents instead read children light saying don let children images especially september know probably television plane hitting building buildings falling later tenure honored united_nations body named honorary ambassador position announced host conference global literacy conference held september encouraged constant effort promote literacy highlighted successful literacy programs coordinated result trips abroad witnessed literacy benefited children poorer nations bush authored children book daughter jenna called read published april july visited home national historic site north_carolina met superintendent friends home president students boys girls club north_carolina october visited historic home museum praised works farmer boy happy golden years prairie felt association child estate visit said read books daughters gave writer treasures grant september attacks september bush hosted father mother law intended testimony congress education instead september attacks bush taken inside white house placed underground bunker later met husband returned washington florida weeks september terrorist attacks bush inaugurated music concert kennedy center organized families victims received applause returned compliment members audience added event tragic americans deepened appreciation life fragile gift need senator introduced bush event praised said knew deceased sibling late president proud bush believes september attacks ignited interest way afghanistan women treated allowed leave homes composed high number terrorist attacks afghanistan prior attacks women health rights signature issues relating health women established involved major campaigns bush involved awareness campaign organization established lung raise awareness heart disease women prevent condition serves honorary position ambassador program leading federal government effort women wake risk heart disease commented disease like women assumed heart disease man disease cancer fear heart disease kills women country forms cancer combined comes heart disease education prevention little red dress save lives undertaken signature personal element traveling country talking women hospital community events featuring experiences women live lived condition outreach credited saving life woman went hospital experiencing symptoms heart attack predecessor lady bush dedicated ladies red dress collection john kennedy center exhibit containing red suits worn ladies meant raise awareness highlighting america ladies participated fashion shows displaying red dresses worn celebrities bush mother diagnosed breast cancer age endured surgery currently signs cancer breast cancer activist mother behalf involvement susan cure applauded foundation efforts eliminating cancer said short years ago diagnosis breast cancer left little hope recovery thanks work women men beating breast cancer beating odds position gain international support foundation initiative experts united_states brazil costa_rica mexico november person president deliver weekly presidential radio address opportunity discuss plight women afghanistan leading invasion afghanistan saying brutal oppression women central goal terrorists husband originally address felt later recalled moment found voice instead voice found words summarized goals moral involvement afghanistan famous speeches administration speech people afghanistan march trips country lady campaigning bush campaigned republicans country year elections attending hosting giving speeches deemed bush administration working women rights issues women dirty work partly test bush campaign husband impending years sought election campaigning husband election cited campaign later disputed campaigned republicans country elections credited having raised million campaign republican_party succeeding keeping separate schedule allowed tend traditional duties lady bush participant elections beginning campaigning april poll numbers decreased approval rating superseded president bush approval rating praised americans cnn noted bush popularity writing lady treated like rock star campaign trail local republicans lining photographs crosses country help candidates bush relied strategy praising republican candidate achievements attending events alongside september bush appeared spoke republican national convention introduced husband popularity style approval ratings consistently ranked high january usa today cbs poll recorded approval rating percent disapproval percent places bush popular ladies white_house press secretary said popular welcome parts country president races trouble good reasoned bush hard dislike adopting partisan causes literacy breast cancer attract support americans coming mild ordinary woman church mother organize suburban statements criticism bestowed boring disagreed wallace asked american people beginning lose confidence president bush saying don think don believe polls travel country people response husband response lot difficult challenges right united_states decisions president surrounding difficult challenges hard hard decisions course people unhappy decisions think people know thinks right united_states especially war terror thinks people united_states protect polls high weren page january second inauguration ceremonies husband looked highly people magazine washington_post fashion sense inauguration wore winter white dress matching coat designed following inauguration inaugural bush wore pale lace gown crystals long silver blue mist gown designed according washington_post look glamorous foreign trips husband second term bush involved foreign matters traveled numerous countries representative united_states lady took goodwill trips africa purpose raise awareness hiv aids malaria bush stressed need education greater opportunities women taken trips countries promote gain support president bush emergency plan aids relief countries include haiti took trip burma spoke support pro democracy movement urged soldiers militias refrain violence later october ventured middle_east bush said region attempt improve america image highlighting concern women health specifically promoting breast cancer awareness work middle east partnership breast cancer awareness research defined trip successful saying stereotypes broken sides overall bush traveled countries years husband presidency touring second term views policy bush republican identified marriage asked abortion bush said believe wade overturned comment women right abortion country limit number try reduce number lot ways talking responsibility girls boys teaching having classes schools churches sunday school bush responded question interview concerning calling elected leaders sex marriage don think campaign tool obviously requires lot sensitivity talk issue lot sensitivity july south_africa bush suggested husband replace retiring supreme_court justice connor woman october private dinner white house wife president bush nominated replace connor later month faced intense criticism questioned charges nature legacy late october days year presidential election bush hosted hour session historians discussing like remembered leading meeting termed legacy lunch according historian time history lady directly reached historians talk accomplishments meeting said bush wanted change perception traditional lady stayed husband bush chief staff called characterization bush unfair conceding traditional noted bush broke tradition addressing issues customary april months bushes left office wrote piece titled lady america proud positively assessed bush role lady expressed bush successes rooted dignity brought office despite reserved style making good role model young women representing american finest gore concluded bush returned private life continue remembered lady america proud poll asked popular lady past years found bush ranked fourth place hillary_clinton mother law barbara direct successor subsequent activities february month husband left office moved new residence dallas november lady accompanied husband visit families veterans fort hood couple expressed wishes trip publicized revealed trip following morning bush released memoir spoken heart conjunction national tour interview larry king live bush asked sex marriage said views issue said believes legal future bush offered support issue saying couples committed love ought sort rights bush referred interview support wade think important abortion remain legal think important people medical reasons reasons february consent included pro gay advertisement statement bush spokesperson states bush approve inclusion advertisement associated group way aware advertisement night requested group remove july spoke estate praised works particular anniversary said prior speech visited houses anniversary november guest tonight years prior estate visit visited concord massachusetts met president listened chorus bush continued remain involved concerned state women afghanistan speaking editorials appearances women girls helped abandoned planned withdrawal troops afghanistan april bush attendance news conference said recently built presidential library museum monument husband instead representation white_house struggles america tenure mentioned having trouble clothes library admitting probably worn place month announced serve speaker august convention stressed importance child literacy continuing advocating issue associated tenure lady early august reported husband stable condition having heart calling terrific caught time stressed importance regular check ups doctors september appeared fundraiser organization april gave speech center texas spoke behalf company program girls month appearances schools colorado scheduled speak anniversary bombings arrive daughter husband journalist bush speaking arrangements issues relating husband presidency april bush reputed stance foreign aid calling view realistic asserting united_states save lives bush attended centennial anniversary road national park july august shared public photos newborn granddaughter later month lady accompanied husband appeared new_orleans order commemorate tenth anniversary hurricane katrina october featured speaker bush speaker austin february event designed promote financing awareness women fighting heart disease march bush attended funeral california promoted women novel lives afghanistan women published bush institute pertaining obama administration course obama presidency developed alliance immediate successor lady despite political differences called friend role model bush setting high bar tenure lady bush defended obama husband campaign president publicly coming defense received criticism remark proud country time adulthood campaign obama sent bush note election met bush white house november bush giving obama tour family soon home september bush openly praised president barack_obama lady reasoned president obama performing presidency despite having multiple initiatives taking place complimented lady transformation white_house comfortable home family following year september bush obama commemorated ninth anniversary september attacks leading ceremony national memorial park acted speakers met families victims flight plane crash remarks sang praises obama bush handling aftermath september attacks bush called lady serves country grace july bush obama appeared africa ladies summit husbands present leading white_house refer joint appearance proof support africa united_states regardless political party remarks bush obama stressed importance role models months later april bush spoke income inequality said income want sure working getting paid men got ladies right don paid tough job august bush obama appeared kennedy center shortly afterward bush told washington_post believed obama ready leave white house march bush obama named chairs find park campaign attempt increase national park support introduce park service centennial following year pair joint appearance george bush presidential library museum september bush appearing physically obama present video obama spoke admiration bush turn mentioned collaborations great example world women different political parties united_states agree issues involvement later months bush campaigned republican presidential nominee hosting fundraiser september appearing michigan following month campaign event michigan campaign said having bush fuel fire momentum seeing campaigned vice presidential nominee telling crowd detroit better answers economy foreign policy election lost president obama bush asked march interview positions social issues sex marriage abortion led half female voters voting president bush responded candidates frightened candidates time expressed liking republican_party having room difference opinion party room bush active presidential campaign brother law hosting endorsing politically involved leaving white_house seven years prior supporting brother law alongside rest family words candidate march affirmed support brother law calling husband huge supporters reported assisting campaign fundraising florida october commenting calling help popular member family according friend bush family reportedly surprised course election cycle february amid brother law campaign trailing south_carolina polls bush traveled husband ultimately dropped south_carolina following month bush declined answering vote republican primary nominee said going period time election cycle libraries bush created america libraries support education nation children providing funds update extend book print collections america school libraries year grants awards schools bush 21st century grant offered library services provides funding recruitment education library students continuing education profession development new programs bush bestowed grant schools austin texas women health august founded institute aims integrate research education community outreach approach women health begun efforts establish multi campus women health institute subsidiary center jenna women center opened midland texas august deliver expert medical care women families operating partnership named bush mother excellence research education community outreach awards honors tenure lady received number awards honors october humanity honored recognition efforts behalf education named fascinating person year honored years support america libraries april opposed honored support usa patriot act cancellation poetry forum concern poets express opposition war iraq guild opposition policies spending priorities husband administration october conferred president order single class order makes lady recipient state visit president philippines received award honor dedication help improve living conditions education children world march accepted chancellor medal behalf disaster relief workers world learning facilities named bush elementary school houston texas elementary school outside austin texas camp military base texas awarded christian freedom international freedom award bush bush admiral navy seal oversaw raid killed named distinguished alumnus austin october bush conferred honorary doctor letters degree recognition longtime advocacy behalf education health care human rights following address gave university campus november received prevent person vision award portrayed film bestseller novel american wife based life | Laura Bush | Social sciences and society | Politics and government | Spouses of heads of state and heads of government |
15364_JapanesesettlementintheFederatedStatesofMicronesia | japanese settlement japanese settlement constitutes modern day states dates end 19th century japanese traders explorers settled central eastern earlier contacts completely excluded islands occupied japan large scale japanese immigration took place 1920s 1930s japanese government encouraged immigration islands belonging offset demographic economic problems facing japan time earliest immigrants worked traders later settlers worked fishermen farmers labourers majority immigrants settled islands home japanese total japanese population reached japanese immigrants central eastern japanese settlers brought buddhism religions islands popular indigenous people japanese language replaced languages day day communications ethnic relations japanese settlers civil officers initially encouraged japanese relations japanese administration implemented policies favoured japanese populace cultural norms japanese surrender virtually japanese repatriated japan people mixed japanese descent allowed remain chose assumed leading roles political public business sectors world war constitute large minority began engage japan business cultural spheres 1970s established formal diplomatic ties years independent country history early contacts recorded contact japanese pacific believed reflected men arrived ancient town modern day province july described tall having dark brown skin wearing ornaments having coarse hair japanese served sake men attempted bows spears fight ensued japanese men left japanese contact suggested 19th century suggested japanese fishermen course stranded islands study alexander noted similarities cultural traditions vocabulary pre christian beliefs studies japanese 19th 20th centuries noted japanese vessels drifted pacific_ocean 17th 19th centuries japanese corvette command stopped entire tenth class japanese naval academy aboard ship noted japanese warship stop waters king accorded japanese crew warm welcome personally claimed japanese ancestry years later japanese cattle farmer islands visited visits stayed days islands chased spanish late spanish german colonial eras japanese businessmen formed aim developing japanese commercial interests bought sailing ship sailed june befriended irish american missionary set sail days set small store japanese strict conditions imposed spanish returned japan december funds ship later sold company established trading stations japanese businessmen arrived charge established store japanese notably began led semi nomadic lifestyles gaining protection spanish guards lived japanese resident agent japanese trading company came set shop japanese businessmen based repatriated year spain ceded sovereignty germany german spanish treaty japanese business agent remained respectively time german annexation serving resident agent german trading company time lived isolation german authorities allowed japanese trade trading company established trading post japanese settlers started come small numbers engage farming fishing activities german colonial administration granted japanese settlers equal rights european settlers german mandated territories considering citizens power official statistics japanese legally classified white japanese colonial era world war saw nations leap germany overseas possessions exception japanese warship sailed october greeted japanese settlers living nearby islands navy set regional headquarters stationed garrison region administrative capital established civilian government established march japanese living consisted traders government officials seventy japanese immigrated individuals settled neighbouring japanese businessmen settled late 1920s cater governmental business interests elementary schools set serve local japanese populace majority settlers came consisted canning factory set japanese settlers region came greater numbers fishermen organised farming civilian government persuaded families establish farming settlers faced problems adapting tropical climate bringing vegetable produce sale civilian government moved quickly improve transport network electrical supplies addition granted larger tracts land settlers result settlers went rice cultivation settlers followed suit reported farming settlement established japanese populace islands grew slower rate japanese tend prefer settling low lying areas like road electrical infrastructure built new towns founded expanded japanese settlers towns thousand japanese inhabitants contract labourers mainland japan okinawa korea hired build naval facilities contributed increasing immigrant population central eastern largest japanese populace japanese outnumbered natives thin margin populated japanese colonial era japanese policemen stationed island law order japanese korean labourers briefly stayed island carry mining operations establish cotton plantation repatriated plantation failed japanese men women encouraged especially large japanese populations number japanese highest fishermen 1930s single men sizable community mixed japanese 1930s children legitimate unions japanese military forces japanese came suspicion sympathies americans reportedly faced harassment result islands reverted military administration regional headquarters relocated food supplies ran scarce later months second world war japanese military began stealing food supplies farms japanese military avoided japanese japanese families especially political influence local community land confiscated japanese facilitate construction new military facilities recent years present japanese settlers central eastern repatriated japanese surrender civilians repatriated soldiers stayed prisoners war carry repair works islands infrastructure people mixed japanese descent stayed brought mothers chose return japan fathers american military government permitted thirty japanese korean settlers remain families allowed exceptional circumstances years war japanese settlers formed organisations promote public understanding memory japan colonial legacy organisations arranged trips settlers usually purpose maintaining ties japanese descendants japanese assumed leading positions public private sector particularly substantial percentage japanese ancestry began engage japan business cultural spheres 1970s established formal diplomatic ties years independent country turn japan key aid providers mixed japanese sought closer cultural business ties japan politicians japanese descent notably publicised visits ancestral personal friendship ties japanese leaders demographics census conducted japanese foreign affairs ministry showed japanese nationals residing majority businessmen census counted japanese nationals spanish counted japanese traders based american missionaries reported japanese involvement smuggling weapons liquor census counted total japanese nationals mainly businessmen living majority located german authorities chased businessmen leaving japanese islands japanese began settling islands german authorities allowed japanese traders establish enterprises early japanese settlers consisted single men official statistics showed gender japanese males female japanese men took wives raised mixed japanese families japanese arrivals remained modest 1920s following islands experienced quick increase number immigrants especially immigrants consisted largely single men 1920s majority fishermen influx japanese immigrants central eastern intense compared japanese settlement early 1930s constituted little percent total japanese populace urban areas japanese settlers outnumbered late 1930s japanese families migrated central eastern 1930s japanese males females islands japanese brought central eastern second world war japanese populace outnumbered native islands immediately japanese surrender majority japanese brought central eastern caroline islands consisted labourers military personnel soon outnumbered japanese civilians alike japanese population repatriated japan war people mixed japanese remained islands constituted substantial percentage islands population official census identified heritage director japan estimated population japanese ancestry official estimate puts number little religion japanese settlers generally followers buddhism central eastern religious activities widely publicised towns japanese populace civilian government fund construction public shrine town smaller japanese settlements community leaders direct construction small shrine communal purposes buddhist temples constructed japanese colonial era christian missionary activities particularly protestant commonly seen central eastern mandated islands missionaries sent received partial funding government christian missionary activities intended cater spiritual needs japanese settlers government officials missionaries missionary church services suppressed late 1930s continued presence japanese christians prompted civilian government permit private church services japanese surrender japanese settlers repatriated buddhist temples abandoned demolished people mixed japanese heritage adopted christianity favour buddhism language early japanese settlers taught children speak japanese like traders settlers wives learned speak languages japanese replaced languages day day communication administrative purposes japanese regular use japanese discouraged came united_nations people mixed japanese heritage switched english languages japan economic influence led cultural organisations promote learning japanese citizens offered foreign language schools notably college economy japanese trading companies established businesses 1890s acted resident agent helping facilitate trade early japanese businessmen traded alcoholic products explosives products like alcohol weapons illegally traded spanish administration futile attempts suppress activities japanese traders expelled germans purchased islands spain japanese traders returned set trading firm dealing production japanese annexed germany gained monopoly shipping routes mandated islands rate production reached thousand tons year 1920s export value million late 1920s fisherman established production factory japanese government provided incentives fishermen open new fishery production factories japanese employed fishery industry japanese settlers introduced commercial agriculture smaller extent japanese businessmen set firms oversee plantation cash crops including rice constituted main exports central eastern japanese surrender allied occupation authorities scrapped organisations pertaining overseas trade banking finance effectively led end japanese influence trade restrictions enforced japan decades war gradually removed japanese tourists began visit islands 1960s onwards private businesses allowed invest hotel construction fisheries japanese tourists million travel abroad year seen possible economic driver sites historical interests sunken japanese ships received highest concentration japanese visitors relations society racial segregation practiced early days civilian rule policies enforced restrict education work force health care benefits civil service inferior positions compared japanese counterparts local populace classified according ethnicity japanese social strata followed scholars argued accorded privileged position subjected abuse japanese authorities education sector children attended public schools japanese emphasised teaching skills self discipline basic command japanese japanese korean children attended primary schools lessons based mainstream japanese curriculum progressed elementary level usually family connections influential japanese figures generally accorded lower ranking jobs employed language administrative assistants jobs required labour japanese actively discouraged practice customs religions viewed primitive christian missionary activity encouraged civilian government interwar period order encourage adopt modern cultural practices japanese cultural practices actively encouraged learned speak japanese adopted japanese manners customs hand speak japanese engage manual labour occasionally motivated criticize japanese culture promoted japanese administrators japanese cultural influences strongest towns 1920s dressed western japanese style clothing states receptive japanese men women appeared states 1910s separate established japanese men women types mainly women japanese administration contend considerable resistance accept japanese political cultural influences anti japanese sentiment developed early days japanese rule japanese sergeant placed charge island administrative affairs threatened physical abuse dealing conflicts japanese custom practice dead addition administrators indifference nudity clashed christian moral values held similarly negative attitudes japanese developed result cultural japanese administrators particular introduction japanese administration work policemen island racial hatred chiefs japanese consequence japanese immigrants chose settle notable individuals vice president physician businessman president politician diplomat president olympic athlete | Japanese settlement in the Federated States of Micronesia | History | World history | Australian and Oceania history |
17566_HistoryoftheRoyalAustralianNavy | history history traces development ran australia british vessels royal_navy frequent trips new colonies formed separate squadron remained australia federation australian colonies operated colonial naval force formed march commonwealth naval force received royal patronage july time referred ran october new replacement fleet foundation fleet steamed sydney heads time seen action ocean world saw action world war pacific indian atlantic oceans wars ran fortunes shifted financial situation australia experienced great growth 1920s forced reduce fleet operations 1930s consequently entered world war ran smaller start world war course world war ran operated fighting support ships small civilian vessels service auxiliary patrol boats contrary claims ran fifth largest navy world point world war following world war ran saw action korea vietnam smaller conflicts today ran consists small modern force widely regarded powerful forces years following establishment british colony new_south_wales royal_navy ships command station visit australian waters 1820s ship sent annually new_south_wales occasionally new_zealand established british admiralty established independent command command commodore assigned commander chief australia station created british naval ships serving australia station assigned changes partially recognition fact large detached australian waters reflecting growing concern strategic situation western pacific general new_zealand particular commander upgraded rank establishment encompassed australia new_zealand eastern boundary including western edge indian_ocean south india southern edge defined circle boundaries modified largest reached equator greatest north south axis covered extreme east west dimension including new_zealand passed initially command officers australian squadron disbanded station nominal australian command reduced cover australia island north east renamed came australian command royal_navy sydney based depots structures gifted royal_navy continued support ran provided additional blue water defence capability pacific early years world war colonial navies federation self governing colonies australia operated navy exception western_australia naval force colonial navies supported ships royal_navy established victoria received naval vessel deployed assist new_zealand colonial government war victoria returned australia vessel taken minor actions loss crew member deployment victoria new_zealand marked occasion australian warship deployed overseas years leading federation victoria powerful colonial navies victoria small torpedo boats small torpedo boats corvette colonial navies expanded greatly usually consisted torpedo boats coastal defence rivers naval brigades man vessels forts january australia federation states march took defence forces states form australian new_zealand governments agreed imperial government help fund royal_navy admiralty committed maintain squadron constant strength commander upgraded rank vice admiral boundaries modified formation growing number people captain director demanded autonomous australian navy financed controlled australia prime minister attending london sought agreement end system develop australian navy admiralty rejected resented challenge suggested small fleet destroyers submarines sufficient impressed admiralty invited united_states great white fleet visit australia visit prompted public enthusiasm modern navy led order ton river class torpedo boat destroyers purchase angered british surge german naval construction led australian admiralty change position australian navy resulted naval defence act passed created australian navy australian warship destroyer launched scotland wednesday february sister ship launched scotland saturday april ships commissioned royal_navy september sailed australia arriving port december event marred death engineer lieutenant suffered heart attack miles outside port heads whilst onboard drowned passed australian squadron disbanded july king george granted title royal australian navy ran ships carry prefix majesty australian ship station reduced cover australia island north east excluding new_zealand surrounds called navy operate authority functioned march expressed concern japan growing naval power agreed british government consult australia negotiating renewal decided royal_navy continue support ran provide blue water defence capability pacific war ships ran transferred british admiralty control naval defence act power transfer conferred governor general ran royal_navy ships personnel direct control british admiralty ran remained responsible ships training responsibility reduced passed new nominal australian command royal_navy coming end sydney based depots structures gifted commanding officer admiral loan royal_navy saturday october australian fleet consisting battle cruiser australia cruisers melbourne sydney protected cruiser encounter torpedo boat destroyers entered sydney harbour time manpower fleet stood officers men years ships built fledgling navy royal_navy continued support ran provide blue water defence capability pacific early years world war boundaries include world war august prospect war australian government sent following message admiralty event war government prepared place vessels control british admiralty desired united_kingdom declared war germany day august australian government received reply requesting transfer immediately days later august governor general officially transferred control british admiralty retain control august outbreak war ran stood personnel consisted sixteen ships including battlecruiser australia light cruisers sydney melbourne destroyers submarines light cruiser brisbane destroyers construction small fleet auxiliary ships maintained consequence start war small formidable force australian ships saw action asian pacific theatre assisting attack german new_guinea germany northeastern new_guinea nearby island groups colony currently wireless radio base britain required wireless installations destroyed threatened merchant shipping region objectives force german stations august left sydney protection australia melbourne port force met queensland contingent aboard transport force sailed german new_guinea september leaving refused work sydney escorting destroyers met eastern tip new_guinea melbourne detached destroy wireless station september encounter bombarded ridge near half battalion advanced town major loss campaign disappearance submarine patrol september november german light cruiser attacked allied radio telegraph station direction island islands inhabitants island managed transmit distress signal received sydney miles away sydney arrived hours engaged sydney larger faster better armed eventually captain running ship aground refused strike colours surrender sydney fired stationary eventually struck colours battle ran participated february light cruiser joined east african campaign july engaged german cruiser sms german shore batteries pioneer remained took german including june pioneer returned australia decommissioned october naval operations australian submarine allied warship breach turkish defences dardanelles spent days area unsuccessfully attacked times unable find large enemy troop transports april damaged attack turkish torpedo boat scuttled crew wreck remained june ships assisted royal_navy blockade german high seas fleet february joined flagship 2nd australia involved battle jutland april battlecruiser damaged collision sister ship return service june ran ships present surrender german high seas fleet australia sydney melbourne australia leading port division grand_fleet sailed meet germans decorated australian naval unit world war ship land based unit composed landed bay responsible receiving storing distributing supplies including water british troops position working piers landings australian unit depart gallipoli train sent middle_east second amphibious landing battle returning australia disbanded series expansion war limited ran growing include thirty seven ships personnel ran losses modest losing submarines whilst casualties included fatalities australians officers men loan royal_navy result enemy action april spanish flu killed approximately million people worldwide far killed years war rigorous policy implemented australia reduced immediate impact flu nation death toll surpassed struck ships dispersed world speed flu spread coupled cramped mess decks poorly living spaces early 20th century warships created favourable environment disease swept australian cruisers assigned fleet suffered high casualties casualties ship mediterranean fleets severe atlantic recorded casualties november december casualties men died pneumonia ran lost total men disease loss prevented primarily ready availability professional medical treatment aid mission disease arrived cargo vessel sailed october whilst carrying sick passengers stopped fiji locations occurred days ships visits local authorities generally unprepared size outbreak allowing infection spread german territory worst affected small islands new_zealand administration carried efforts outbreak rejected offers assistance nearby new_zealand government officially apologised reaction outbreak november military governor requested assistance wellington request turned doctors needed new_zealand australia offered alternate source aid aware situation region sloop reported case november stationed fiji half complement eventually affected november began forming joint relief expedition available military medical personnel commanding officer ordered embark expedition sydney sail soon possible encounter departed sydney november minutes completing loading precaution members encounter crew ship suffered cases earlier year captain want repeat encounter arrived november took half available coal tonnes water spanish flu rampant captain implemented strict placed guards wharf ordered carried crew instead native labour encounter departed evening day arrived december hours medical landing party assigned stores ashore encounter departed capital arriving december medical staff supplies encounter sailed december coal arriving encounter received orders return sydney reached december immediately placed aid mission regarded australia overseas relief expedition set precedent future relief missions conducted ran wars following end world war believed immediate evaluation ran necessary australia based naval policy developed sir government sent invitation admiral arrived australia remained australia months returning england new_zealand canada submitted findings august titled report naval mission commonwealth report outlined policies designed strengthen british naval strength pacific_ocean report heavily stressed close relationship ran royal_navy achieved strict adherence procedures administration methods royal_navy report suggested constant officer exchange forces called creation large based singapore include capital ships aircraft carriers creation cost fleet divided great_britain australia new_zealand contributing respectively suggested makeup ran include aircraft carrier battlecruisers light cruisers flotilla leader destroyers destroyer depot ship submarines submarine depot ship small number additional auxiliary ships annual cost fleet estimated implementing closer tier royal_navy major recommendations carried end world war began worry threat japan posed australia japan extended empire kilometres south bringing right australia japan continued build naval force reached point royal_navy pacific ran government believed possibility japanese invasion highly likely report admiral believed threat japanese invasion australia remain long remained place perceived threat support australia australian government vocal supporter australia joined support alliance new_zealand heavily opposed canada believed alliance hindered british_empire relationship china united_states decision alliance agreed discussion shelved pending outcome results treaty allowed british retain naval supremacy pacific_ocean created sense security australia australians saw powers pact replacing sense security known year rule led defence australia following international trend reduction expenditure opening parliament june quoted saying view result attained washington treaty advisors believe guarantee peace pacific time come proposed reduce establishment navy army postpone expansion air force world war world war underwent severe reduction ships manpower result flagship scrapped main armaments sunk outside sydney heads year ran began year program obtaining new ships britain heavy cruisers australia canberra seaplane carrier purchase partly paid scrapping brisbane melbourne sydney destroyers great depression led reduction manpower reduced size available posts easily filled men unemployed offered pay greater jobs ran personnel strength fell personnel plus members strength reserves stood early 1930s lack funds forced transfer victoria ordered light cruisers ships perth sydney selling seaplane carrier fund time ran purchased destroyers destroyer classes ships known scrap iron flotilla increasing threat germany japan late 1930s ran position outbreak world war world war australia declared war nazi_germany hour united_kingdom declaration war september unlike arrangements british admiralty start world war world war ran ships remained australian command onset war ran relatively modest arguably combat ready services major units included county class heavy cruisers australia canberra carried inch guns entered service 1920s modern modified class light cruisers perth sydney mounted inch guns older town class cruiser adelaide swan swan commission class destroyers variety support craft following reserves permanent forces grew war men vessels ran served theatre operations tropical pacific russian convoys grew table illustrates growth ran outbreak war september june operations italy france germany ships ran request admiralty began deploy mediterranean_sea nazi germany september admiralty agreed deploy ran destroyer flotilla outside australia station ships known scrap iron flotilla arrived malta mid december deployed later joined italy declared war june australian warships allied destroyers modern light cruisers station mediterranean ran offered services australia admiralty accepted australia arrived mediterranean ran sent nearly entire combat fleet leaving australian open possible attack entry italy war lead far active role remaining ran vessels australian station june prolonged chase armed merchant cruiser forced italian merchant ship tons south west june admiral commander mediterranean_fleet ordered 7th included rendezvous egypt bound convoy near cruiser squadron sighted italian destroyers june immediately engaged hour sydney signalled sink sydney approached launched torpedoes failed hit targets sydney fired scoring direct hits sydney remained scene hours picking survivors june scuttled south crete depth charged british destroyers defender june italian submarine sunk west crete ships july ship fleet departed alexandria intending meet convoy east malta day submarine sighted italian fleet miles away allied fleet altered course intercept fleets sighted july battle known began vessels ran took battle ships sydney stuart vampire voyager sydney ran vessel engage enemy opened fire italian cruiser italian fleet began withdraw allied destroyer squadron ordered forward stuart leading destroyer force open fire opening direct hit range yards fleets retired italians withdrawing smoke italian aircraft continued attack allied ships sydney came heavy air attack believed sunk fleet arrived alexandria july july destroyer ordered support royal_navy destroyer squadron sweep north island crete july italian cruisers opened fire seven minutes later british destroyers retreated north east sydney miles away began close sydney sighted cruisers fired shots range metres minutes sydney successfully damaged italians withdrew south allied ships pursued hiding smoke screen sydney shifted fire disabled australian cruiser left pursue broke italian warship range sydney dangerously low ammunition damage sydney battle caused shell knocked hole forward funnel wounded sailor splinter damage september destroyed italian class submarine killing crew survivors subsequently rescued stuart nineteen picked vessels march allied fleet admiral ambushed italian naval force greece vessels ran took battle ships perth stuart vampire victory allowed evacuation thousands allied troops crete torpedoed sunk november whilst escorting transports allied garrison survivors men including officers lost lives australians experienced success december attacked sank german submarine portugal west_africa september ordered sail join invasion french controlled french west_africa september australia cruiser sighted cruisers heading south french cruiser developed engine trouble australia escorted returned fleet days later september australia came heavy fire shore batteries drove destroyers port australia engaged sunk destroyer sixteen minutes days french allied forces exchanged fire australia struck twice lost australia rest fleet retired september battle known battle scrap iron flotilla scrap iron flotilla australian destroyer group operated mediterranean pacific world war bestowed group nazi propaganda minister described fleet australia flotilla consisted vessels scott class destroyer acted flotilla leader class destroyers vampire voyager ships built fight world war slow poorly armed compared newer ships destroyers entirety ran destroyer force departed australia november destined singapore carried anti submarine exercises royal_navy submarine hms november flotilla left singapore mediterranean_sea following request admiralty assistance australian destroyer flotilla took multiple actions mediterranean including allied evacuation following battle greece april flotilla came fame mission resupply besieged city resupply routes alexandria known bomb alley subject constant axis air attacks flotilla time poor condition managed supply runs carrying ammunition stores taking wounded soldiers vampire flotilla leave mediterranean leave sailed october destroyers lost war sunk mediterranean june vampire sunk japanese aircraft indian ocean raid voyager ran aground campaign abandoned red_sea serving mediterranean_sea ships ran served red_sea august italian forces invaded fighting withdrawal small british garrison evacuated assisting destruction port facilities aid delaying action sent pounder gun ashore operated volunteers crew seamen captured italians later liberated ran joined red_sea force july september october engaged drove italian destroyers attempting raid convoy vessels ran served red_sea war larger ran ships deployed australian waters response threat japan loss november australian light cruiser german auxiliary cruiser engaged indian_ocean western_australia ships sank sydney lost hands majority crew rescued prisoners war location remained mystery subject controversy march ships found north_africa ran units continued serve mediterranean campaign taking invasion north_africa november assisted sinking italian submarine days later took destruction ship convoy destroyer sicily early australian designed built class transferred egypt indian_ocean preparation allied invasion sicily ship allied force arrived mediterranean formed 21st 22nd ships survived campaign damage casualties sustained action experienced near miss german bomber captain damage sustained response read damage war japan imperial_japanese_navy attacks allies december ran larger ships home waters protect australian mainland japanese attack smaller ships remained mediterranean onwards considerable axis naval activity australian waters german commerce raiders submarines later imperial_japanese_navy initially ran ships served british australian component american british dutch australian command naval forces wound following fall succeeded command united_states seventh fleet formed brisbane march service ran ships pacific generally served seventh fleet february ran played critical role australian dutch voyager loss campaign december attacked thirteen japanese aircraft attempting land dutch soldiers sank loss crew dutch personnel engagement ordinary operated anti aircraft gun wounded japanese planes went ship gun shooting attacking aircraft february joint naval force met japanese invasion force class cruiser american heavy cruiser uss houston fought survived battle java sea march perth houston attempted found path blocked main japanese invasion fleet western java allied ships engaged cruisers destroyers ferocious night action known perth houston torpedoed sunk casualties aboard perth included crew civilians killed survived sinking taken prisoner japanese later died captivity loss perth soon sinking sister sydney major psychological effect australian people japanese losses included troop transport sunk friendly fire whilst transports damaged beached ships ran allied force ships australia task force ships came intense air attack force guarding approaches defence australian shipping late early june group imperial_japanese_navy submarines series attacks sydney nearby port newcastle night june submarines launched class submarines allied shipping sydney harbour torpedo intended cruiser uss chicago exploded depot ship killing june submarines shelled sydney newcastle little effect response ran instituted convoys ships tons speeds knots mph required sail convoy travelling cities east coast attack sydney newcastle marked start sustained japanese submarine campaign australia japanese submarines sank ships australian waters ships sailing convoy ships sunk australian waters japanese ended campaign july ships sunk sailing escorted convoys australian naval authorities gradually dismantled coastal convoy system december march end war raaf ran escorted convoys australian coastline scale japanese naval offensive directed australia small compared naval campaigns war attacks comprehensive widespread series offensive operations conducted enemy australia ran sank single sized japanese submarine australian waters january convoy escorts successfully reduced threat shipping australian waters making harder japanese submarines carry attacks whilst escorting convoys australia new_guinea attacked sank japanese type submarine port august killing men aboard loss canberra loss battle island august largest single ship loss ran experienced world war early hours morning august canberra severely damaged surprise attack powerful japanese naval force canberra hit shells minutes crew killed including captain following order abandon ship canberra sunk day torpedo destroyer prevent captured loss canberra following losses sydney perth attracted unprecedented international attention sympathy ran president wished commemorate loss canberra requested heavy cruiser construction named canberra launched april approved transfer ran replacement ship commissioned april october ran warships ships australia took battle largest naval battles history lead october australia allied ship hit aircraft near gunners australia fired reportedly hit unidentified japanese aircraft plane flew away ships turning flying australia striking ship superstructure bridge burning fuel debris large area falling sea kilogram bomb carried plane failed explode ship effectively destroyed crew members died result attack including commanding officer captain wounded australian force commander australia remained duty october hit forced retire new repairs remained united_states seventh battle october action ships contributed sinking japanese battleship firing thirty gun battleship inch guns period minutes returned combat battle gulf january battle australia repeatedly attacked january suffering significant damage forced retire ships british fleets class class built commissioned ran service ships norman ships predominantly ran personnel commanded british officers remained property british government following japanese raid ceylon march april transferred base kenya fleet undertook local patrols escorted convoys occasionally ships operations mediterranean operation vigorous convoy malta june damaged air raid slowly sank february ships conjunction indian sloop sank japanese submarine later torpedoed ship calcutta bound convoy late norman transferred ships new operations took late following end hostilities ran acquired class destroyers quadrant end war end world war ran combat strength numbered ships additional auxiliary craft service reaching peak june ranks personnel years war ran lost cruisers destroyers corvette auxiliary enemy action casualties included personnel ships sunk personnel killed aboard ships posts measures losses heavy small service representing half pre war strength ships fifth men ran destroyed cruiser armed merchant destroyers torpedo boats light craft seven submarines destroyed captured tons axis merchant shipping shot aircraft difficult ran played role numerous successes surrender occupation japan ran vessels present signing japanese surrender tokyo bay september ships following surrender ceremony majority ran vessels left japanese waters duties surrender agreement japan agreed allied occupation august australian government agreed provide cruisers destroyers service total ran ships served ships performed variety tasks mainly employed patrol preventing korean nationals illegally entering japan ran played role japan assisting imperial_japanese_navy ships instance took sinking seven submarines operation indian new_zealand contingents began withdraw operation predominantly australian operation naval base turned australia known commonwealth north_korea invaded south_korea june ran ship station australian government immediately offered united_nations service eventually ran ships area transferred command clearing mines australian new waters focus ran years war began december conducted class smaller craft base work dangerous sunk loss men killed wounded struck september ran completed task august sweeping mines cold war following world war ran reduced surface fleet continued expand ways acquiring class aircraft carriers construction build fleet air arm 1960s ran began away british designed ships major british design type frigate formed basis river class frigates decided ran commission destroyer armed guided missiles obvious british design county class ran reservations gas turbine propulsion missile system ability adapt design australian needs instead australian government chose united_states built steam turbine powered destroyer armed missile basis perth class major warship design chosen ran mid late 1960s ran operational capabilities capable carrier battle group support major operations having service aircraft carrier large area defence destroyers perth class modern river class frigates class submarines retreat british forces west suez_canal 1960s ran began defensive role operation united_states allied treaty ran saw service world post war conflicts including korea vietnam korea june called member nations aid south_korea june prime minister announced frigate stationed japan destroyer hong_kong placed command korea july day president committed american ground forces korea australian operation korea took place escorted american ammunition ship japan destroyer deployed july provided gunfire support landing october december assisted mass evacuation troops refugees aircraft carrier sydney deployed korea september january carrier owned commonwealth dominion wartime service time sorties flown sydney aircraft lost pilots killed course korean war ships ran participated naval blockade north_korea malaya emergency declared june prompted rise communist malaya later malaysia australia member deployed raaf squadrons region created concentration commonwealth military forces primarily british new_zealand australian malaya protection nation communist threats australia commitment included destroyers frigates station time plus annual visit aircraft carrier additional ships needed training war main occurrence ships deployed ran personnel gaining experience working larger naval organisation ships ran arrive area tribal class destroyers june ships ran operated strategic reserve melbourne quadrant vampire voyager indonesia response indonesian invasion australia increased presence region outbreak hostilities ran frigates duty area tension mounted australia increased presence sending sydney vampire area 16th squadron comprising ton class deployed december fired automatic weapons vessel whilst operating singapore patrol vessel arrested following small arms engagement resulted deaths indonesian crew members february involved engagement detected vessel suspicious vessel closed illuminated revealed armed men uniform surrendered immediately challenge march second vessel 16th squadron action fired indonesian shore battery patrolling high explosive rounds fired ship landing yards vessel hawk withdrew area speed following morning hawk intercepted board promptly arrested indonesian forces crossed border june called carry disrupting withdrawal carried border area july runs fired total rounds enemy august agreement indonesia malaysia brought end conflict collision night february worst peacetime disaster ran history occurred destroyer cut bow aircraft carrier killing men board voyager melbourne conducting air group exercises voyager acting plane guard destroyer series manoeuvres reverse course ships voyager ended starboard melbourne ordered resume position carrier port instead turning away melbourne voyager unexpectedly turned carrier alter course late melbourne bow hit destroyer bridge cut half bow sinking quickly search survivors went night aboard officers sailors civilian dockyard worker killed including captain following collision prime minister ordered investigate event commissioner concluded collision primarily fault voyager bridge crew maintaining effective placed blame melbourne captain resigned shortly officers failing alert voyager effective measures avoid collision handing seen poor combination public pressure claims stevens drinking problem second announced time commissions held incident found stevens likely medically unfit command commission conclusions incorrect melbourne officers fault commissions caused great hierarchy ran accustomed tight scrutiny led eventual isolation civilian world vietnam war ships stationed continuous operational service vietnam total ships served vietnam waters war period navy performed wide variety operational tasks sea ashore air ran primary contribution consisted destroyers personnel attached united_states_army helicopter company squadron raaf logistical support force consisting transport escort ships ran personnel served ashore medical teams performed staff duties australian embassy 1st ran deploy operationally goodwill visits followed year later similar visits ran destroyer operationally deployed vietnam served tours vietnam march september operations fired rounds shore targets came fire times including occasion united_states phantom awarded united_states navy unit recognition service vietnam sister ship perth received united_states navy unit unit clearance diving team awarded unit non unit receive awards years service vietnam destroyers steamed miles fired rounds aircraft carrier converted duties early 1960s began voyage vietnam transporting sydney southern vietnam sydney known ferry vietnam carrying troops tons cargo vehicles aircraft carrier rammed sank destroyer night june escorting carrier multinational ordered plane guard station evans crosses carrier bows cut killing united_states personnel joint ran established found melbourne captain officers evans fault despite cleared ran court martial resigned receiving similar treatment collision believed warship sink friendly vessels peacetime april prime minister announced australian forces vietnam reduced led withdrawal clearance divers june final ran destroyer brisbane returned sydney october government withdrew australian forces stopped military aid returned sydney march followed day years ran involved war officers sailors killed wounded suffered injuries cyclone tracy morning december tropical cyclone tracy struck city darwin killing people causing billion damage response cyclone ran embarked operation navy help darwin largest peacetime disaster relief operation history involving ships aircraft personnel tracy struck darwin ran total personnel based city attack class patrol boat small number men limited capability ran render immediate assistance citizens darwin patrol boats damaged way advance able weather cyclone minor damage attack forced aground arrow sank killing personnel land based naval installations heavily damaged cyclone destroyed large sections patrol boat base married quarters oil fuel supply installation naval communications station damaged initial ran relief limited search rescue area hindered lack reliable communications severity disaster realised naval task force established render aid people darwin operation navy help darwin general recall issued personnel volunteers shore bases ships unable sail replace return ships time ran assets arrived darwin december aircraft carrying blood equipment red_cross workers followed shortly carrying ships began departing darwin december departed brisbane sailed melbourne rear admiral wells aboard brisbane stuart left sydney day supply left sydney sailed brisbane ship left brisbane january vessels arrived darwin december surveyed approaches darwin ensuring safety brisbane landed working parties established communications entire ship task force arrived darwin january bringing personnel ran personnel primarily assigned clear suburbs aircraft helicopters supplies inspected ships harbour damage cleared vessels task force began depart darwin early january ships brisbane depart january command relief operation turned 7th military district pacific patrol boat program following introduction united nations convention law sea exclusive economic zone coastal nations increased nmi sudden expansion responsibility dramatically increased area ocean requiring surveillance monitoring nations increasing strain existing maritime patrol resources highlighting need countries maritime patrol force obtain especially area australian request nations sent defence representatives south west pacific region assess surveillance maritime patrol requirements governments number pacific nations expressed concern need suitable naval patrol force meet new surveillance requirements australian government responded creating provide suitable patrol vessels training infrastructure island nations region created minor war ran organisation tender vessels released august awarded september vessels delivered early vessel officially handed course project number participating countries increased end construction phase project total boats delivered countries compared original order boats countries total project cost vessels associated support million ran operated pacific class patrol boat project given ran number advantages pacific region introduction self reliant patrol forces region eased strain australia maritime patrol force cooperation australia pacific neighbours allowed greater allocation ran patrol boats protecting australia maritime resources patrolling conducting border protection operations recently undergone mid life refit potentially operating region main role decades following end australia involvement vietnam war supporting australian diplomatic initiatives line goal ran exercised navies australia allies provided support civil authorities australia ran main military concern 1970s activities indian_ocean concerns lead increased operation united_states_navy development ran main base western_australia late 1970s ran replaced ships modern planned purchase british aircraft carrier hms invincible replace melbourne britain offer carrier withdrawn war result melbourne decommissioned replacement fleet air arm retired fixed wing aircraft june defence white paper called ran self reliant ocean navy major fleet bases new_south_wales western_australia plan called expansion garden island accommodate expanded ran combat surface submarine fleets plan originally called major combat units submarines split fleet bases providing similar capabilities sides continent proposed bay naval base reality fleet base east built sydney home half surface fleet entire submarine fleet rationale policy included possibility savings fuel maintenance result indian_ocean deployments beginning journey western_australia new_south_wales report classed indian_ocean area arise new facilities increase australia worth united_states particularly maintenance submarines expansion bay allow intensified east coast visits nuclear warship visits run opposition sydney melbourne seen attempt strengthen australia relationship united_states damaged new_zealand stance nuclear weapons ports line policy ran structured self reliant activities late 1980s focused operating australia local region ocean policy remains place today supported current opposition success policy especially evident base thriving location global local context gives advantage fleet base east suggested class ships relocated create easier training environment sailors lead significant cost savings post cold war gulf wars australia contribution gulf war centred initially formed multi national fleet addition medical teams deployed aboard hospital ship naval clearance diving team took mining kuwait port facilities end war period september september ran deployed total ships area ships adelaide brisbane darwin success sydney operated theatre january involved clearing operations kuwait march april end gulf war periodically deployed ship gulf red_sea assist maintaining sanctions iraq outbreak second gulf war australian naval force continued enforce sanctions iraq operations conducted boarding parties ran warships outbreak war ran focus shifted supporting coalition land forces clearing approaches iraqi ports provided gunfire support fighting peninsula took clearing approaches boarding operations continued war march boarding parties seized iraqi ship carrying naval mines end war ran continuously maintained frigate protect iraq oil infrastructure participate counter smuggling operations australian sailors deployed iraq january october join multi national training team working ran assumed command coalition forces occasions combined task force combined task force fire fire broke onboard western_australia coast fire caused flexible fuel line number replace rigid cylinder number starboard engine sprayed diesel fuel hot indicator ignited spray fire resulting deaths crew following fire ran began major investigation known found ran contractor critically examine course action key personnel ran contractor trained qualified inquiry found properly designed unfit intended purpose fined failing provide safe workplace seven sailors apparently severely fire sued august decided accept liability reached settlement seven sailors stand receive compensation totalling million australian led united_nations mission known ran deployed total ships mission ships adelaide darwin success sydney newcastle melbourne ran played vital role transporting troops providing protection transports vital success ran returned operation united_nations authorised australian led military deployment quell unrest return stability east crisis deployed including ships approximately june success ran deployed adelaide class frigate fleet air arm contributed helicopter squadron ran helicopters squadron ran force committed apparently largest amphibious task force navy history solomon islands july arrived marking beginning australia contribution deployment strong multinational force followed years unrest soon joined ships following initial deployment vessels generally kept station area time ran deployment ended australian warships taken ship leave sailed home october operation time units ran deployed unique navy primary role support facilitate work time ran supported police led mission fiji november response military threats overthrow australian government began operation deploying military resources support australian citizens fiji event coup état contribution ran deployment vessels ships newcastle success international waters south fiji vessels deployed fiji evacuate estimated australian citizens present fiji need arose vessels detachment helicopters evacuation team deployed november australian_army helicopter operating carrying army personnel board crashed whilst attempting land ship deck killing person injuring leaving missing later confirmed dead arrived task morning december equipped supplied united_states_navy set locating downed detected beacon pass crash site exact location subsequent passes helicopter sitting metres water coup took place december completely violence evacuation australians deemed unnecessary vessels task force began arriving australia december docking newcastle success returning sydney returned australia late december ran decided attempt recover downed identified united_states navy supervisor salvage preferred organisation recovered remains march helicopter march assistance specialist equipment provided team soldier body repatriated march escorted members arrived australia aircraft wreckage end march wreckage evidence crash battle honours prior battle honour system ran linked royal_navy admiralty responsible approving assigning battle honours advice names uniquely australian battle honour time vietnam smaller date units thereof deployments vietnam war ships ran inherited honours british ships addition australian predecessors ran chief naval staff admiral approved decision australian warships carry battle honours earned previous australian vessels creation awarding battle honours came completely ran control complete overhaul ran battle honours system march celebrate navy anniversary creation new honours created operations 1990s 2000s approved honour prior kuwait gulf war service service history previous vessels updated include recognition previous actions women ran women forbidden serving ran demands world war placed personnel resources led change policy april sent letter entry women ran commodore charge sydney letter led formation separate women services existed incorporated permanent force today female members ran wide variety roles open women serve submarines command ships shore expected play increasingly important role future ran current navy today medium sized modern navy world terms strongest navies today combat fleet ran class frigates adelaide class frigates fourteen patrol boats class collins class submarines ran comprises amphibious supply force transport australian_army resupply combat arm navy ran divided seven force element groups naval aviation submarine force warfare clearance diving formed manage operations separate sections ran efficient way modern ran began form late 1970s announced purchase perry class frigates built america announced additional vessels built australia australian built vessels class australia patrol boat replaced fourteen class patrol boats collins class newest class australian submarines built australia constructed replace class submarines australian fleet vessel laid commissioned vessels class service based western australia class current main fleet unit class vessels lead vessel class commissioned final vessel commissioned august australian vessels constructed class jointly constructed new_zealand australia final victoria amphibious supply arm ran class landing platform heavy landing ship class landing craft survey vessels class motor launches fleet dual stores vessel success ran class maintains bases australia ran fleet base west fleet base east primary bases major fleet unit ran majority patrol boat amphibious forces located fleet air arm squadrons based future ran major white paper produced set program defence spending significant improvements ran fleet capabilities significant current project sea destroyers replace adelaide class ships fitted combat system based spanish design class planned service date units named sydney august passed approval acquisition canberra class landing helicopter dock ships displace tonnes carry troops potentially able operate fixed wing aircraft project expected cost billion completed new ships named canberra adelaide | History of the Royal Australian Navy | History | World history | Australian and Oceania history |
19397_IllawarraSteamNavigationCompany | shipping company serviced south coast new_south_wales australia early 1950s formed amalgamation serviced parts south coast respective vessels merging new company held near monopoly regard shipping south coast fleet visited significant port sydney border victoria company transported passengers range produce including livestock known pig whistle line said ships wait hour pig minute passenger years fleet including ton ton vessels purpose built company needs constructed shipyards australia abroad company eventual demise came result number factors including increased competition road rail cost replacing ships world war waterfront disputes rising costs consequence years operation company placed voluntary stock exchange history prior formation number companies individuals ran south coast new_south_wales jane traveled australia power united_kingdom steamship arriving sydney jane ran service regular service provided establishment known long months established company merged newly formed company initially employed steam vessels built new_south_wales company serviced south coast continued expand services later abandoned company launched handle run competition soon emerged included screw driven steamship began operations sydney failed achieve commercial success sold victorian interests competition emerged direct result lack service provided ports south residents towns led form new steamship companies new companies respectively ran point steamship companies handling south coast proved competition respective interests agreement reached leaving south coast undertaken transport facilities district october act companies new amalgamated company possessed fleet vessels region list added sixth soon included register number ships continued grow running weekly services south coast ports sydney carrying wool cedar coal variety raw materials company expanded known run main cargo whistle ships prior departing port company play leading role development coastal new_south_wales ships stop port sydney victorian border company able link regular steam communication sydney tasmania new_zealand company enjoyed near monopoly south coast trade years negotiating taking potential competitors competition rail road transport play significant role eventual demise company cargo company took passengers article published bulletin titled strange sunset describes steamer journey sydney likelihood traveling company unfortunately company vessels ran ashore heading south wreck passenger shipping south coast finished company focused entirely cargo company incorporated south coast steam navigation company company continued operate successfully second world war significant problems emerged company remained good financial standing particular road transport able offer door door service company attempt provide similar railways provided increased competition entering exclusive contracts hotels taking goods contracts away shipping line combined waterfront disputes rising costs post war costs ship replacement company trouble time paid investors company entered voluntary led ports early 1850s independent operations major ports south coast new_south_wales included sydney amalgamation companies list included stops later minor gold rushes district resulted inclusion ports include extent operations coast seen schedule making journey days clyde rate visited weeks additional journey week saw services weekly run changes maintaining services times effort residents example wooden built order retain services company informed farmers ships better facilities provided seven years replaced stone pier built government natural reef similarly town created erection small built local farmers gain access coastal shipping previously stopped away ships fleet difficult unlike steamship companies day company advertising arrival departure notices carried names vessels instead simply listed ships vessels mentioned known company amalgamated vessels handle south coast trade ton steamer entered service company purpose built glasgow took days arrive australia served sold converted hulk prior sale lengthened original feet feet increased tons hand lighter tons locally built sydney sold company original vessels constructed net weight tons like remain new company sold company operating fleet ships service joined ton iron steamship hunter steamer net weight tons built glasgow scotland built australia sydney ton wooden steamer time company ended ran attempt save lives passengers crew captain fought ship afloat finally ran aground sandy beach approximately miles boat lost passengers crew saved significant change company fleet came purchase tons feet length handled passengers cargo company proved popular laid eventually scrapped soon joined ton vessel built carrying passengers cargo including livestock dairy produce remained service like laid major vessel period ton steamer built lost wrecked october company south coast steam navigation company vessels included new ton screw steamer arrived purpose built vessel constructed company glasgow handle sydney route remained company converted hulk finally scuttled tons transported passengers cargo launched capsized loss passengers ships joined fleet early 1900s acquired time company finest vessel ton screw steamer provided accommodation passengers saloon second class possessing cargo space capable knots unfortunately ran aground prior onset world war new ships purchased war effort lost war company purchased vessels boats world war survived hostilities returned company decommissioned | Illawarra Steam Navigation Company | History | World history | Australian and Oceania history |
27229_MilitaryhistoryofAustraliaduringWorldWarI | military history australia world war australia outbreak world war greeted considerable enthusiasm britain declared war germany august nation pledged support alongside states british_empire immediately began preparations send forces overseas participate conflict campaign australians involved hastily raised force known australian naval military expeditionary force dispatched australia seize german possessions pacific september time expeditionary force initially consisting men known raised service overseas departed australia november delays presence german naval vessels indian_ocean arrived egypt initially defend suez_canal early decided carry amphibious landing gallipoli peninsula goal opening second securing passage dardanelles australians new grouped australian went ashore april months alongside british french allies fought costly ultimately unsuccessful campaign turks force evacuated peninsula december returned egypt expanded early decided infantry divisions sent france took major battles fought western light horse units remained middle_east end war carrying operations turks egypt palestine small numbers australians served theatres war main focus australian military effort ground war air naval forces committed squadrons served middle_east western elements carried operations atlantic north_sea adriatic black_sea pacific indian oceans end war australians far nation involvement cost australian lives left unable work result injuries impact war felt areas financially costly effect social political landscape considerable threatened cause divides nation social fabric conscription possibly contentious issue ultimately despite having conscription home service australia combatants use fighting australians nation involvement world war gallipoli campaign seen symbol emergence international actor notions australian character exist today origins war day commemorated national holiday outbreak war following britain declaration war germany august australia members british_empire automatically involved prime minister stating august empire war australia given predominantly british heritage australians time considerable support corners country large numbers young australian men reported recruiting centres country enlist following months prime minister came power september reiterated cook statement saying worst happen australia rally help defend man days plans australian expeditionary force completed staff officer major white white proposed force men australians new proposal approved prime minister cook increased offer british men serve destination desired august london acceptance force asked sent soon possible recruiting offices opened august end volunteers accepted strict physical fitness guidelines place german new_guinea germany north eastern new_guinea nearby island groups outbreak war germans colony wireless radio base supporting threatened merchant shipping region consequence britain required wireless installations destroyed shortly outbreak war following request british government august australian naval military expeditionary force began forming objectives force german stations comprised battalion infantry men enlisted sydney naval sailors organised companies serve infantry men queensland militia battalion volunteered overseas service sent garrison thursday island forces placed command colonel officer militia time commander 6th brigade secretary task force sailed sydney august port waited escorts arrive port holmes decided queensland militia soldiers concerns action escorted cruiser sydney battlecruiser australia task force reached september found port free german forces sydney destroyer landed small parties naval settlements german gubernatorial capital south east parties reinforced sailors later infantry transport small man force naval subsequently landed bay continued inland capture radio station believed operation miles south australians resisted mixed force german native police forced fight way radio station nightfall radio station reached found abandoned mast dropped instruments machinery intact australians killed wounded defenders lost german non commissioned officer killed german wounded later alleged heavy losses troops result australians captured fighting result engagement able australian fatality war army fatality medical officer captain died day nightfall september landed infantry battalion following afternoon governor surrendered territory ceremony carried signal british occupation german administration withdrawn inland dawn september subsequently bombarded ridge near town half battalion advanced town supported field gun firepower sufficient start negotiations ending siege following surrender remaining garrison germans native police german territory surrendered september successful operation arguably managed australians effectively delayed half trained native force regardless australians prevailed unexpected ability fight close terrain german positions opponents losses light context later operations sufficiently heavy given relatively modest gain losses compounded unexplained disappearance australian submarine patrol september men aboard following capture german possessions region provided occupation forces duration war january holmes handed command brigadier general sir secretary holmes returned australia enlisted men replaced known specially enlisted service tropics established administrative structures remained period military occupation required international law follow german forms government territory gradually acquired appearance british colony start war australia military forces focused militia regular forces existed serving artillery engineers assigned task coastal defence provisions defence act sending overseas outbreak war realised totally separate volunteer force need raised force known began forming shortly outbreak war brain child bridges white formation consisted infantry division 1st colonel 2nd colonel australian politician minister defence 3rd colonel british regular officer australian_army war 1st commanded colonel australian regular divisional artillery commanded colonel early stages men selected toughest criterion army world war believed roughly cent men applied rejected medical grounds order enlist men aged years age believed men old young managed enlist foot inches tall centimetres chest measurement inches centimetres strict requirements lifted later war need replacements grew casualties initial volunteers high original soldiers survive end war initial response good september decision raise 2nd 3rd light horse brigades commanded colonel prominent melbourne civil engineer businessman continued grow war eventually numbering infantry divisions mounted divisions mixture units sixth infantry division partially formed united kingdom february casualties battle caused disbandment partially formed unit allow divisions brought strength gallipoli background 1st division departed australia albany western australia november convoy transports escorted british australian japanese warships initially bound british controlled egypt ceylon convoy delayed times fears interception german warships area fears later proved valid german cruiser sighted convoy steered avoid threat australian cruiser engaged heavier guns engagement lasted minutes sydney emerged victorious threat convoy able continue voyage arrival egypt november 1st division moved near cairo defend suez_canal turkey declared war october time australians commenced period training prepare combat western expected sent england deployment european theatre waited australian new_zealand forces egypt time formed australian command lieutenant general consisting australian 1st division composite new_zealand shortages equipment england meant decided egypt european winter time undertake training order prepare eventual use trenches france despite training australians new received time considered rudimentary nature despite popular opinion time little prepare come background moves commit australians new later november winston_churchill capacity lord admiralty forward plans naval attack dardanelles plan attack invasion gallipoli peninsula eventually approved british cabinet january decided australian new_zealand troops operation outnumbered british indian french contingents fact overlooked today australians new objective invasion open open black_sea entrance mediterranean dardanelles allow shipping russia year round failure naval attacks decided ground forces necessary eliminate turkish mobile artillery allow clear waters larger vessels british secretary state war field marshal lord appointed general sir command carry mission consisted orient russian troops participate capture occupation constantinople landing invasion plan 29th division land tip peninsula advance forts land north coast advance peninsula prevent retreat reinforcement assault force australian 1st division began ashore shortly dawn april intended landing zone broad centred mile north possibly navigational error unexpected current landing went boats concentrated mile half north intended shallow cove north hell spit south cove officially known confronted confusing spurs descended heights range sea landing lightly opposed scattered turkish units commanding 19th division threat posed landings rushed reinforcements area race high ground contest heights decided second ridge line turks fought called baby position changed hands number times day turks having advantage higher ground battleship hill took final possession advance checked turks counter attacked trying force invaders shore failed gained trench perimeter quickly developed bloody stalemate ensued august hamilton decided concentrate resources sector withdrew colonel moved sea subsequent second battle brigades suffered casualties including ill advised daylight advance open ground occupied dark loss turkish particularly active shot fatally wounded body returned australia buried hill overlooking canberra australian government sent major general australia replace turkish counter attack turkish launched assault perimeter naval reconnaissance aircraft troops alert position reinforced return 2nd arrival 1st egypt line attack met immediate disaster turkish attackers swept away rifle machine gun fire defenders exposed parts perimeter turks managed enter trenches encountered lance corporal drove action australian win victoria_cross war august offensive repeated failure allies capture progress led hamilton pursue imaginative new plan campaign night august fresh landing infantry divisions miles north strong assault range breaking defended sector north perimeter offensive preceded evening august assaults diversion futile battle gains heavy casualties sides attack turkish trenches lone pine infantry brigades australian 1st division rare victory cost men australians inflicted casualties turks effective attack vital position effective attack carried australians war drawing turkish reserves main assault aimed peaks hill successful force striking nearer peak comprised came metres peak dawn august able seize summit following morning delay fatal consequences supporting attack morning august 3rd coincide new attacking rear turkish defences new held days relief provided battalions wiltshire massive turkish counter attack led person swept battalions heights landing bay lightly opposed british commander lieutenant general sir early objectives little beach seized turks able win race high ground hills rendering case static trench warfare landing reinforced arrival british 53rd 54th divisions divisions plus unfortunate 29th division shifted push final british attempt offensive came august attacks hill hill control hills united fronts battle achieved success fighting ceased august battle heights battle peninsula effectively evacuation months bloody fighting decided evacuate entire force gallipoli peninsula troop numbers progressively reduced december performed fool turks prevent discovering allies departing troops maintain utter silence hour curious turks venture inspect trenches open fire numbers trenches rifles rigged fire water pan attached trigger ironically best planned operation campaign evacuation completed dawn december single casualty ultimately gallipoli campaign disastrous failure achieve objectives given justification inexperience high commanders high number casualties participating troops result combat widespread disease resulted poor lines breakdown casualty clearance resupply logistics systems estimated course campaign australian casualties killed allied casualties killed wounded included new british french war bad conditions high casualties troops resulted reasonably prevalent view australia incompetence british officers commanding australian troops disregard casualties resulted poorly planned ill conceived attacks claims valid little doubt entire campaign poorly conducted result military lessons learnt applied later campaigns despite australians new gallipoli campaign come important milestone emergence nations independent actors world stage development sense national identity today date initial landings april public holiday known day australia new_zealand year thousands people gather memorials nations turkey honour bravery sacrifice original subsequently lost lives war egypt palestine reorganisation egypt gallipoli campaign australian troops returned egypt underwent major expansion involved raising infantry divisions 3rd 4th 5th establishment march infantry began france cavalry units stayed area fought turkish troops arab tribes threatening british control egypt mounted troops particularly important defence egypt australian troops saw action major battles campaign seeing combat apart horsemen mounted troops included 1st organised mounted infantry brigade battalions 1st 3rd composed australians 2nd british 4th half australian half new_zealand participated fighting egypt palestine brigade disbanded july australian new_zealand components traded horses 5th fighting arabs response growing threat pro turkish islamic arab sect known composite british force command officer major general sent late november force included composite regiment australian light horse horse transport 1st division series sharp battles arabs ensued december january british casualties comparatively light killed wounded including australians arab losses higher hundreds killed fighting number australian light horse units returning gallipoli sent south guard edge 1st armoured car section involved guarding sent palestine 1st light car patrol end took place near egyptian town miles east suez_canal august goal turkish german army control destroy suez_canal denying use allies aiding 52nd saw action german turkish force making contact advancing german turkish force july harassed alternately australian 1st 2nd light horse brigades night august day battle commenced brigades involved fighting midday august turkish german force pushed australian brigades point 52nd trenches able attack turkish right flank arrived deployment protecting suez_canal extend australians line left flank turkish german advance stopped fire brought bear combined british infantry australian british new_zealand mounted forces deep sand midday summer heat extremely tough conditions british infantry unable effectively retreating german turkish force following days unable stop retreating force withdrawing eventually base base abandoned day attacked august ending threat suez_canal remainder war battle cost allies casualties killed died wounds wounded half australians following victory pushed german german turkish forces defensive retreated august egyptian turkish frontier day attacked turkish rearguard action fought german turkish force retired september hills october strongly defended position attacked allied force based suez_canal positions subsequently abandoned november aerial bombing raid largest air attack organised east carried beginning december railway reached development lines communications garrisons support services possible plan advance december night march miles commanded entered abandoned german turkish force retreated mounted force won fierce engagement strong constructed defences manned determined defenders situated british right flank egyptian outpost miles south south east desert mediterranean coast turkish forces defensive position main obstacles standing way advance palestine agreement commanding arrived earlier day set attack turkish forces leaving midnight december position december enemy fires miles away 1st reserve sent north north east cut possibility retreat followed telegraph line straight 1st advanced mounted attack fierce fire forced advance bed midday brigades despite support machine guns artillery engaged aerial reconnaissance australian british aircraft scouted turkish positions greatly assisted attack turkish positions obscured effect dust clouds fighting began going tough hearing turkish defenders possession water area decided attack message reached commander 1st australians preparing assault main message deliberately attacked commenced 1st light horse progress capturing prisoners turkish defenders began surrender entire turkish garrison surrendered having suffered heavy casualties town captured victory cost australians dead wounded battle half weeks later evening january mounted units desert column commanded rode strong turkish garrison based attacking force comprised australian 1st command battalions long night march attacked strongly entrenched position fierce day long battle resulted mounted troops fighting capturing town nightfall loss killed wounded turkish garrison suffered heavily killed taken prisoner fighting early formed 3rd 4th light horse brigades british mounted brigades division saw service battle occurred southern march noon mounted brigades attacked north east turkish position ring closing tightly decision dismayed soldiers british commanders decided attack retreat delivering victory turks second attempt capture april time turkish defences formidable task confronting british difficult battle known second battle played minor role battle suffering casualties suffered second battle disastrous defeat allied forces june renamed august placed command included australian mounted divisions australian command corps achieve rank lieutenant general failure second battle assault launched october november units took battle battle complete success allies line completely overrun turkish soldiers captured surrendered critical moment battle capture town day australian light horsemen australian brigadier general charged miles turkish trenches overran captured wells capture australians lost men killed wounded horses lost turkish men killed captured artillery pieces number machine guns pieces equipment fighting advance november strong turkish southern maritime plain close mediterranean coast held heavy fighting time able withdraw good order rearguard garrisons able retire cover darkness night november november surviving units 7th 8th turkish armies delayed advance commanded 52nd lowland division 75th division units come end lines communication units 54th east division resting rear transferred transport 53rd welsh division corps cavalry deployed line near north 60th london resting 10th irish division resting infantry divisions involved series engagements days leading battle day began november brigade 52nd lowland division brigades commanded successfully pushed establish turkish right flank brigades command major general ran turkish rearguard left flank village mounted troops occupied village november unable advance intense turkish artillery fire continued day november preparations battle following day ordered attack 52nd lowland division extend position right flank reinforced additional brigades ordered advance encountered determined substantial turkish counterattack counterattack forced mounted division territory gained day fighting morning battle ridge occupied following days villages area found abandoned later morning november new_zealand mounted ran determined entrenched turkish rearguard near attacked fierce close quarter fighting continued afternoon severely threatened eventually prevailed went occupy days later fought november 52nd lowland division centre right flank infantry left flank battle divided stages pause artillery brought forward following successful charge ridge crucial fortified villages captured elements 52nd lowland division victory resulted subsequent occupation vital railway station lines communication jerusalem jerusalem australian mounted troops took late operations included battles fought november december fought maritime plain subsidiary battle december series battles involved british_empire fighting 8th army north mediterranean coast failure widespread determined turkish fought november december 7th evacuated jerusalem troops mounted troops enter jerusalem december end december british empire forces battle succeeded pushing turkish armies north strong british defensive line established remained place mid september line stretched north mediterranean coast west north east jerusalem extended middle february jordan valley captured eastern end line secured operations march april australian new_zealand mounted troops british infantry took raids east jordan river salt village palestine kilometres west raids unsuccessful encouraged turkish commanders believe main british effort launched jordan launched coastal plain operations commence necessary capture country east jerusalem attack turkish 26th 53rd infantry divisions 60th london february road jerusalem captured day evening captured february occupied divisions final offensive final offensive september divisions australian mounted troops 1st light car patrol squadron took september decisive british victory turkish soldiers taken prisoner attacked cutting north north west exits damascus september september head column turkish german troops annihilated australian light horsemen attempted withdraw west australian troops enter damascus fell october following advance kilometres captured october turkish government signed armistice october surrendered outright days later following armistice went camp tripoli having borne entire campaign suffered heavily malaria australia role palestine campaign later acknowledged field marshal commander chief allied forces middle_east having considerable total australian battle casualties campaign including dead western transfer europe march infantry units transferred egypt europe service western initially organised alongside arrive france followed 4th 5th left egypt later june arrive having formed australia march moving england training july sent france december half years constant line punctuated number major battles australians earned formidable reputation november australian divisions grouped form 1st division arrived reunited mechanical transport september army decided supply mechanical transport 1st division formed company new_south_wales victoria mechanical transport units australian_army nearly vehicles purchased units departed melbourne egypt december unfortunately vehicles long tons prohibited cairo bridges hold weight possessed vehicles weighing long tons arranged continue england arrived february lived tents hauled gravel roads sent france july australians serve western australian formed england august australian medical practitioners unit australians women allowed serve doctors australian nurses accepted unit left france august october based 2nd joined june july australian absorbed british_army group australians arrived france june 1st formed command lieutenant colonel australian_army director artillery service western half men unit permanent gunners garrison artillery brigade departed melbourne england july landed france february 54th equipped inch 55th siege battery inch majority france base organisation transferred united_kingdom training units moved establishing depots arrived moved camps area men returning hospitals sent returned units established wool depots men moving united_kingdom france established june swapped canadians depots reducing travelling time headquarters established road london colonel anderson businessman appointed commandant anderson negotiated new method payment services provided british_army capita payment battle april took positions quiet sector south known nursery australians spared participating disastrous day weeks beginning allied offensive divisions committed battle having recently arrived england australia positioned left flank action july suffering casualties single day entered line july taking assault initially succeeded carrying german positions relatively small losses germans recovered directed intense artillery barrage town resulted heavy losses time relieved 2nd division july suffered casualties days taking line 2nd division thrown hastily planned attack resulted casualties germans spotted australians forming subjected weight artillery machine guns attack launched august met success resulted heavy casualties division relieved day following attack australians called attack august divisions committed effort force breach german lines north task initial advance fell august suffered casualties resisting final german counter attack ensuing battle lose times number australians suffered hands german artillery finding frontage kilometres germans able concentrate weight defence attacks course weeks australians fought way shell countryside farm forced shortly concentration german artillery divisions fared slightly better attacks end engagement australian casualties totalled men battle dragged brought withdrawn line organise reform having suffered casualties course days involved badly having losses suffered october finally returned line joined 1st 2nd near march flying columns 2nd pursued german capturing town april consisting 4th 12th brigades assaulted battle battle disaster casualties taken prisoner germans april 1st 2nd divisions struck german counterattack dawn near town force battalions germans attempted advantage weakness developed allied line following british offensive australians initially forced abandon town germans process artillery batteries lost successful counterattack launched australian battalions resulting town recaptured guns reclaimed later brigades 2nd division 5th 6th took second battle succeeded taking sections eventually managed hold gains relieved committed relieve 1st remaining line battle ended mid battle resulted victory allies effort cost casualties ultimately ended plans expand sixth division june british corps consisting australian 4th division attached launched operation flanders region southern belgium near objective eliminate developed line south ridge providing germans good observation fields fire threaten major offensive british planned launch later year attack commenced pounds explosives placed underneath ridge separate tunnels completely destroying german trenches following explosions allied advance virtually unopposed germans stunned resistance went australians way major general suffered heavy casualties shelled gas shells moving line departure division managed position start attack strong german launched day supported concentrated artillery fire advance able continue mess concrete germans erected continued objectives taken australian casualties amounted nearly men july mortally wounded german surveying battlefield premier new south wales battle september november took number actions belgium allies launched campaign order capture belgium collectively actions come known battle australians commonly known names places individual actions took place road wood committed weeks start battle september having marched night 1st took position trenches main ridge attack came september road australians experienced success making considerable gains enemy loss casualties september 4th 5th divisions attacked captured later october successful attack main ridge australian divisions involved fought clashed head german counterattack launched time australians risen carry assault result rout australians german line broke following attacks german ridge captured attacks successful allied commanders began believe breakthrough possible attacks october october despite heavy rain turned ground muddy attacks ultimately doomed failure heavy casualties attacks mud battle decided time australians withdrawn line completed november course weeks involved fighting suffered casualties german spring offensive march having capitulation russia german_army launched spring offensive allies divisions miles allies began fall tremendous weight offensive march australian 3rd rushed south holding line german offensive lasted varying intensity months time divisions france involved fighting attempted stem tide german advance achieved large territorial gains stage looked like ultimately secure remarkable victory germans pushed miles paris late time australians involved number actions actions july notable action relatively minor terms scale previous operations mounted western notable set piece operation planned carried newly appointed commander lieutenant general model successfully carry combined arms attack aircraft artillery armour effective combination infantry attack space minutes planned minute operation achieved objectives allied line taking town australians advanced line kilometres kilometres process taken roughly german prisoners machine guns trench mortars anti tank weapons australians suffered casualties days offensive effort germans win war came grinding halt mid july followed brief period time australians undertook series small unit actions aimed capturing parts german line limited support actions known essentially cross trench raids patrolling success relied heavily leadership initiative junior commanders ability soldiers employ principles fire long allies soon ready launch offensive known days offensive ultimately bring end war offensive began august allied divisions including australian struck combined arms techniques developed earlier allies achieved territorial gains start war australian sector 4th initially spearheaded advance 2nd advanced kilometres secure secondary objectives attack successful later described black day german_army following allied offensive continued months right end war second battle fought actions taking final engagement war october australian casualties battles high coupled drying reinforcements australia rejection proposal introduce conscription granting home leave men serving meant end war severely stretched limit consequently height offensive decided battalions 36th 47th 52nd order reinforce units engagement contribution war line training armistice declared november total australian casualties western numbered including died men wounded approximately taken prisoners war theatres war ended australian soldiers france england egypt palestine syria small numbers serving theatres australian troops 1st provided communications british forces participated number battles including march september year following russian revolution collapsed leaving open special force known commander formed hand picked british officers organise remaining russian forces civilians ready fight turkish forces australian officers served party captain instrumental protecting thousands refugees australian nurses staffed british hospitals india formation formed march soon deployed german new_guinea aircraft crew dispatched colonies surrendered plane operational flights occur half flight called assist protecting british oil interests iraq corps later saw action egypt palestine western remainder war organised operational squadrons france middle_east training squadrons england remained half flight half flight known australian half flight unit active service february received request air assistance assistance fighting turks forming provide ground staff half flight unit known half flight captain appointed commander contingent sailed bombay april left arriving end flying unreliable aircraft half flight suffered high attrition rate losing killed captured strength pilots arrival reinforcements allowed formation squadron squadron november original pilots remained squadron mainly involved unarmed reconnaissance later small pounds bombs added aircraft october australian aircraft bombed arab tribe known hostile unsuccessful attempt bring surrender siege australian pilot captain dropped supplies garrison surrendered ground crewmen located city captured seven later dying captivity flew remaining egypt december squadron effectively marking end half flight service operations middle_east late began forming complete squadrons british request squadron dispatched egypt officers ranks equipped british aircraft including squadron operated palestine syria years supporting ground forces major battles palestine campaign turks missions included aerial reconnaissance bombing enemy positions communications artillery spotting involved air air battles german aircraft theatre australians encountered anti aircraft fire squadron equipped aircraft types replaced notably time lieutenant awarded victoria_cross rescuing australian pilot shot ground fire forced land close turkish positions march squadron took actions september witnessed destruction bulk british fighting western additional squadrons began forming australia service western squadrons arriving france august december squadron equipped subsequently involved battle november conducting patrol duties ground bombing enemy troops positions casualties high squadrons aircraft shot pilots lost squadron equipped supporting final phase flanders conducting mainly artillery spotting duties squadron equipped arrive france assigned army lens notably march squadron engaged aerial combat aircraft commanded red baron shooting german aircraft loss lens sector relatively quiet march germans launched major offensive squadron heavily engaged low level bombing support australian squadrons played limited role allied advance august squadron engaged reconnaissance contact patrols help identify locations forward troops undertook extensive aerial photography aid locating german artillery positions period nos squadrons area involved patrols raids railways vicinity germans retreat september squadrons felt considerable pressure keeping regardless squadron took spectacular action weeks war october australian encountered german action largest air battles war australians gained upper hand shot loss damage time western squadrons mainly fighter role squadron primarily reconnaissance squadron successful fighter squadron france accounting enemy aircraft squadron credited destruction total casualties western included killed wounded taken prisoner following end war november squadron australian unit assigned arriving germany december based cologne squadrons subsequently handed equipment raf february returned australia disbanded legacy despite australian military aviation infancy identity separate national force considered important mention unusual thousands new_zealand canada flew unified successor force april royal_air_force war gaining benefits command administrative experience came independent air service end war squadrons seen active service officers ranks served men served british flying services casualties included dead wounded captured subsequently disbanded war replaced royal_australian_air_force operations outbreak war consisted battlecruiser light cruisers sydney melbourne brisbane construction destroyers submarines destroyers construction squadron command rear admiral sir british admiral deck australia departed england naval operation war support australian naval military expeditionary force occupation german new_guinea naval portion force included australia melbourne sydney encounter submarine loss occurred disappeared september taking officers men major ran victory war occurred cruiser sank german light cruiser islands indian_ocean november australians killed engagement wounded ships ran helped provide naval cover ambitious landings gallipoli submarine broke blockade dardanelles harass turkish shipping later sunk crew captured light cruisers melbourne sydney deployed atlantic worked alongside royal_navy north american engaged surveillance operations large number german ships taken refuge neutral american ports war broken continued september cruisers moved north_sea joined australia assisting royal_navy blockade german high seas fleet time ran continued carry operations pacific indian oceans german ships taken refuge ports presence ships close australia sea lanes connected nation united_kingdom middle_east cause concern navy middle cruiser sloop sent conduct patrol operations later year october force destroyers yacht cruiser encounter sent search german munitions base reported area found patrol served german efforts carry subversive activities number british possessions british government requested assistance australian government dealing increasing threat posed german boats destroyers swan sent response request undertook anti submarine operations adriatic working italy barrage decorated ran unit war train reserve unit commanded lieutenant commander supported british gallipoli campaign constructing piers bay served egypt palestine taking amphibious assault battle disbanded number members later went serve ran war ran lost men killed including officers sailors officers sailors loan royal_navy home home service main focus australia military world war overseas europe middle_east necessity maintain troops australia home service carry number essential tasks engaged duties necessity fell soldiers militia small number regular soldiers early stages number militia infantry battalions called carry guard duties infrastructure considered important war effort munitions factories communications facilities ammunition transportation centres men kennedy regiment sent thursday island garrison island response possible threat german forces pacific additionally militia troops establish guard camps garrison artillery engineer units militia assist regular units manning coastal defences end naval situation pacific eased large extent sinking decided longer need maintain guards important facilities instead decided concentrate home defence network maintaining coastal defences guarding ships port larger precautions required commitment considerable resources requiring men provide security requirement militia undertake duties eased special corps raised men rejected service corps garrison military police served added later militia garrison artillery engineers required war man coastal defences despite fact decided small garrisons required active service militia ordered maintain readiness case required called importance placed role large extent barred joining overseas service february large scale effort militia enlist artillery units raised prevented called man coastal defences threat posed german commerce believed pacific lasted april garrisons reduced ban men serving militia artillery engineer units overseas service lifted april militia artillery time month news german commerce raiders wolf entered australian waters previous year june number troops actively employed home service regulars time navy took task providing guards ships harbour communications facilities allowing militia troops released training decided increase period camp training militia days conscription world war australian forces deployed overseas volunteers home considerable debate issue conscription conscription contentious issue federation initially raised decided volunteer force provisions defence act sending overseas war progressed casualties deployed forces began reach rates flow reinforcements recruits began drop issue conscription rose australia public opinion matter divided australians opposed issue moral grounds feeling situation desperate require drastic measure felt necessary order achieve final victory hughes labor government decided hold matter october matter decided narrow margin cent cent vote prevailing despite result issue split pro conscription prime minister ultimately left party joined members opposition supported conscription form new party known manpower shortages western began acute second held december time defeated greater margin votes effectively end plans expand france ultimately led severe manpower shortages france experienced result plans expand force 6th division shelved manpower distributed divisions divisions amalgamated banner effectively allowing struggling maintain numbers act depot formation corps divisions providing combat power war continued manpower shortages continued wounded men pressed service cases combat refusal 1st battalions september ordered breakup strength battalions reinforce battalion source pride identification men regiment british_army cases order defied men eligible draw rations unit longer officially existed lived stealing food sharing units rescinded order eventually heads australians called senior officers enforced change marching companies night different battalions change ultimately proved unnecessary war ended shortly censorship special measures global nature war meant functions previously individual australian state governments placed control commonwealth government additionally war meant government required power enact certain laws constitution normally able order enable occur war precautions act introduced october providing commonwealth government wide ranging powers period months duration war main provisions act focused allowing commonwealth enact legislation required smooth prosecution war main areas legislation enacted war precautions act prevention trade hostile nations creation loans raise money war effort introduction national taxation scheme fixing prices certain goods people considered danger war effort compulsory purchase strategic goods censorship media outbreak war people born germany austria-hungary living australia large scale german migration late 19th century number people german origin maintained affinity ancestral roots australians believed men german origin enlisted concerns members german austrian communities camps set suspected acts sent total believed people interned provisions war precautions act australians australian born following end war deported considerable public backlash way provisions war precautions act applied particularly relation certain sections community trade unions sections community reasons sympathetic british cause wider community following suppression prominent trade union members charges sabotage australia war effort danger breaking war continued operation war precautions act led considerable social political unrest late number violent incidents broke notable called red flag riots brisbane economy outset war australia economy small dependent largely agriculture resources industries export earnings manufactured products imported overseas immediately uncertainty continuation foreign trade led rise unemployment estimated couple days britain having declared war men new_south_wales concerns continued availability foreign markets australian produce initial concerns short lived beginning british government provided assurances large war risk insurance shipping order allow trade commonwealth continue shortly wartime direction trade began british asked australian government place certain restrictions overseas trade order secure resources vital war effort limit ability central powers obtaining goods commonwealth nations neutral parties extent restrictions served reduce ability australian producers find buyers products initially cases british stepped buy goods australian concerns significant reduction standard living understanding proved particularly beneficial wool wheat industries british government undertook buy australian products shortage shipping meant chance receive australian commerce expanded war cost war considerable australian government borrow considerably overseas fund war effort terms value australian exports rose cent number australians employed manufacturing industry increased cent reduced ability traditional sources continue supplying australia manufactured products necessity stimulated development australian manufacturing industry terms goods produced estimated inability traditional suppliers deliver manufactured goods trade shipping shortages new articles produced australian factories result war insignificant number transformation australian economy result world war means significant occurred world war expansion steel industry occurred time laid foundation future despite increase domestic manufacturing industry significant items priority military consumption production necessarily civilian considerable raw materials components required manufacturing lack shipping available united_kingdom limitations placed flow goods britain increased requirements result domestic prices went cost exports deliberately kept lower market value effort prevent pressures worldwide result cost living average australians increased considerably increase trade union movement inevitable war years considerable increase membership unions despite considerable rises costs basic items government sought maintain wages largely average weekly wage war increased cent inflation result considerable discontent workers extent industrial action followed disputes economic factors result violent opposition issue conscription trade opposed result estimated industrial disputes resulting working days lost lost wages overall war significantly negative impact australia economy real aggregate gross domestic product declined cent period personnel resulted cent decline civilian employment population growth continued war years half rate capita declined sharply falling cent war following end hostilities europe australian government decided contributing australian forces occupation forces sent germany post war settlement begin early lieutenant general sir appointed director general oversaw process britain lieutenant general took charge efforts middle_east employing system returned men units employment categories decided system saw men away longest period time returned size forces deployed overseas roughly personnel france britain egypt logistical requirements bringing home process lengthy important occupy troops waited order achieve prepare men return civilian employment education scheme set troops britain offered educational courses civilian work placement opportunities programs successful hoped thousand soldiers took advantage australians decided delay departure instead joined british_army went serve russian civil war officially australian government refused contribute forces campaign swan served black_sea conflict egypt early number australian light horse units quell nationalist uprising waiting passage australia despite shortages shipping process returning soldiers australia completed faster expected september men left britain waiting main transports conveying australian troops left england december arriving australia early year later april officially disbanded process end return australia effort shifted placing returned soldiers employment education taking care badly injured work order meet needs commonwealth established tasked managing placement returned soldiers employment training education housing eventually included task managing provision war managing hospitals homes total cost provisions considerable june estimated cost approximately total spent defence war order advocate thousands returned servicemen women services organisations sprang prominent probably established representatives state based organisations existence following war organisation grew political influence numbers grew active process advocating financial veterans securing concessions soldiers returning civilian employment estimated members fell dramatically legacy war affected australia ways arguably greatly european nations directly involved economically war number significant impacts great depression later prove far significant australian industry greatly transformed following world war political landscape transformed resulted issue conscription smaller extent role women society evolved women entered workforce cent increase employment women mainly areas women traditionally employed equally women employed nurses great involvement women military war legacy manner led emergence albeit independence australian foreign affairs previously australian foreign interests largely handled britain australia sent delegation began role regional affairs pacific peace conference prime minister hughes pushed aggressively australian mandate german new_guinea stance conflicted liberal inspired fourteen points forward american president regardless following war little real change imperial relations dominion affairs result war arguably lead significant change australia perception role world profound change occur following japanese crisis ultimately saw australia pursue foreign policy independent britain alliance united_states greatest effect war psychological heavy losses deeply affected directly war memorials built country people sought remember killed despite size australia contribution fighting australians actual experience realising having witnessed impact war hand instrumental editing writing official history australia involvement war advocated need national memorial main architects establishing australian war memorial canberra experience war notions australian character national identity endure day australians performance soldiers particularly failed gallipoli campaign served highlight nation emergence member international community bringing fore belief australians natural ability soldiers attitudes australians war greatly affected widespread large scale destruction loss life occurred desire occur regards led general defence military matters war arguably led nation lack major conflict evident australian strategic behaviour day statistics world war australians served military serving overseas australians lost lives wounded percentage forces committed casualty rate cent highest casualty rates british empire forces financial cost war australian government | Military history of Australia during World War I | History | World history | Australian and Oceania history |
16434_ICGVÞór | type offshore patrol vessel designed rolls built replace aging construction ship approved government march construction ship began naval shipyard chile october construction delayed year chilean earthquake damage structure ship detrimental expected repairs delivered personnel september chile arrived october main tasks patrol fishery inspection search rescue support ship named norse god origins origins ship date march proposal drafted minister justice entity purchase new vessel order replace aging aircraft decided matter high priority placed proposal needs analysis pertaining acquisition multi purpose vessel aircraft initiated september main demands vessel designed rescue work patrolling pollution prevention search rescue helicopters flight meeting civil defence requirements country addition equipped response prevention terrorist threats suitable operations involving police customs authorities types rescue salvage work pull vessel account greatly increased volume passenger cargo shipping iceland economic zone coastal waters construction bids construction ship open application submission processing bids submitted bids received countries winning bid second bid chile largest corporation contract construction new vessel signed december minister finance director rear admiral director construction commenced october ship launched april ceremony unnamed vessel received official god design design concurrent fact vessels designed rolls vessel powered rolls marine bergen diesel engines ship propellers rolls marine propellers propellers rotated parallel water flow order reduce drag ship metres feet long overall metres feet wide height metres feet maximum speed vessel knots kilometres hour miles hour capacity pull tonnes long tons short tons cargo deck covers square metres square feet vessel outfitted life saving equipment designed aid rescue missions including mob boats viking life specially designed equipment vessel outfitted includes oil gun oil incident magnitude earthquake struck chile forming immense left wake chilean coastline feared damaged repair disaster shipyard known incurred massive damage despite odds ship sustained minimal damage placed dry dock minor repairs vessel delivered albeit year late delivery fully repaired following earthquake ensuing delivered authorities personnel shipyard september ship embarked voyage harbour slated arrive late october year making stops cities halifax ship finally arrived october vessel maintains complement number personnel board ship june rammed damaged gallery | ICGV Þór | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Iceland |
17615_WilliamRobinson(gardener) | july irish practical journalist ideas wild spurred movement led english cottage garden parallel search honest simplicity vernacular style crafts movement robinson credited early mixed border hardy perennial plants champion wild garden high victorian pattern garden planted schemes robinson new approach gained popularity magazines books particularly wild garden illustrated english flower garden robinson advocated natural formal looking hardy shrubs reacted high victorian patterned tropical materials grown standard roses italian gardens common time modern practices introduced robinson include alpine plants rock gardens dense expose bare soil use hardy native plants large natural looking life career robinson began garden work early age garden boy county went estate irish county sir charge large number age according account result bitter quarrel cold winter night let fires killing valuable plants accounts consider story gross greenhouse incident robinson left dublin influence head botanical garden family friend helped find work botanical gardens regent park london given responsibility hardy plants british time gardens designed planted vast numbers greenhouse flowers mass robinson wrote easy away false art work native british plants allow away countryside began idea taught boy school gardens beauty native flowers trees writing age fellow society sponsorship seven distinguished months later left write chronicle times represented leading firm paris exhibition began writing publications beginning parks gardens gardens launched journal simply named garden years included contributions holmes influential books wild garden reputation allowed start magazine garden english flower garden revised edition edition included contributions lifelong friend later edited garden couple years contributed articles publications included met accord design principles maintained close friendship professional association years helped garden wood provided plants garden wrote robinson english represented innate system chose work live better known treasures lying neglected time overthrow system mainly owing clear knowledge world hardy plant beauty placed easy reach care acquire virtually dead robinson published god acre beautiful applied aesthetic urban campaign included trying win unwilling public advantages burial freely shared stories happened certain crowded instrumental founding designed gardens replaced traditional victorian mourning graveyard open lawn woodland gardens writing career financial success robinson able purchase near sussex acres km2 rich pasture woodland diary planting care published years work round old find practical robinson ideas natural style eventually grow nearly acres km2 estate managed woodland giving robinson opportunity plant edges cleared spaces woods robinson established japanese lily grass shrubs closer house flower beds planted red allowed spread naturally paving robinson planted thousands annually including planted lakes years added hundreds trees american friends features included oval shaped walled kitchen garden heather garden water garden largest collections water europe robinson invited known painters portray landscape including english landscape botanical painter moon parsons illustrated robinson works robinson death left left derelict years leased refurbished gardens replacing flower beds lawn today serves hotel restaurant long term impact magazines books robinson challenged traditions introduced new ideas commonplace today linked introducing border referred older mixed border included mixture shrubs hardy half hardy plants advocated dense left bare soil spaces taller plants filled commonly called ground cover plants rose garden filled roses following visit alps robinson wrote gardens time showed use alpine plants designed rock garden significant influence introduction idea wild appeared wild garden developed english flower garden idea introducing large native hardy perennial plants meadow taken granted today revolutionary robinson time edition happily plant including half hardy natives parts world robinson wild garden limited locally native species robinson garden planted large scale wild garden idea realised small yards garden designed appear merge surrounding woodland meadow robinson ideas continue influence landscape architects today home cottage gardens large estate public gardens wild garden robinson set forth fresh principles expanded idea garden introduced themes techniques taken granted today notably robinson audience owners intensely suburban plots country cottages seeking nostalgic atmosphere robinson concerned immediate surroundings english country house robinson wild garden brought edges garden blended larger landscape garden picture meadow water edge woodland edges openings hardy plants robinson endorsed natives means chapters devoted hardy plants temperate climate zones appropriate schemes preferred small delicate ones peninsula included rampant north_america long familiar english gardens robinson wild approach refer letting gardens return natural state taught specific method aesthetic nature plants habit growth cultural preferences dictated free design human intervention kept sense robinson book brought attention plants eclipsed decline 1820s use tender color patterned schemes mid century book popularity largely robinson promise wild easy beautiful use hardy expensive offer variety frequent mass planting greenhouse followed nature considered source true design english flower garden english flower garden robinson laid principles art robinson source inspiration simple cottage garden long neglected fashionable english flower garden rejected artificial formal specifically carpet comparing modern garden wall paper carpet straight lines form gardens seen robinson carry dead lines builder garden admired nature diversity promoted smaller roses plants woodland plants winter flowers robinson compared art wrote chapter follow true artist respect things delight natural form beauty flower tree free barren geometry gardens true pictures artist work preserve pictures beauty landscape tree flower far natural beauty living things english flower garden covered garden design approach individual stereotypical best kind garden grows situation grows cool bank second covered individual plants hardy half hardy showing artistic natural use plant articles included garden chapters contributed leading day including contributed chapter colour flower garden book published definitive edition published robinson lifetime book found increasing popularity editions life years english flower garden considered bible | William Robinson (gardener) | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Horticulture and forestry |
24463_Cottagegarden | cottage garden cottage garden distinct style uses informal design traditional materials dense mixture ornamental edible plants english origin depends grace charm formal structure functional gardens connected working class cottages centuries stylized occurred 1870s england reaction structured maintained estate gardens formal designs mass greenhouse earliest cottage gardens practical today emphasis vegetables herbs fruit trees livestock flowers fill spaces gradually dominant traditional cottage garden usually enclosed rose gateway flowers common early cottage gardens included traditional flowers flowers household use herbs richly old fashioned roses year simple flowers like time cottage garden sections added large estate gardens modern cottage gardens include countless regional personal variations embrace plant materials ornamental grasses native plants seen rural gardens traditional roses lush foliage continue cottage garden modern disease resistant varieties retain traditional attributes informal climbing plants traditional modern hybrids common self freely spreading favoured traditional gardens history origins cottage gardens emerged times appear originated local source herbs fruits theory arose death laborers land available small cottages personal gardens according late 19th century legend origin gardens originally created workers lived cottages villages provide food herbs flowers planted decoration analysed historical origins cottage garden garden style rigorous historical analysis ornamental garden concluded origins gardens 19th century classes discovery simple hardy plants writings helped design estate great farm workers provided cottages architectural quality set small garden acre grow food pigs chickens authentic gardens included livestock frequently pig peasant medieval times interested meat flowers herbs grown medicinal use cooking beauty times prosperity room grow flowers early cottage garden flowers typically practical use spread floor pleasant scent keeping attractive cooking sweet william grown entirely beauty development informal design began noticed developed british class early proponent formal gardens calling article gardens simplicity nature writers 18th century encouraged formal natural gardens included lord evolution cottage gardens followed issues edited emphasis flowers fancy varieties originally cultivated highly competitive blue collar hobby helped formal gardens books magazine articles robinson wild garden published contained edition essay garden british wild flowers eliminated later editions english flower garden illustrated cottage gardens somerset kent surrey remarked lesson little gardens pretty good effects simple materials 1890s lifelong friend applied cottage garden principles structured designs large country houses colour print today robinson arts broader movement art architecture crafts late 19th century advocated return informal planting style derived romantic tradition actual english cottage garden arts began movement natural country garden style garden designs robinson associated arts crafts style houses influenced leaders arts robinson quoted morris views condemning carpet morris mystical view nature drew floral designs style morris built kent influenced new ideas architecture old fashioned garden suddenly fashion british artistic middle class cottage garden began america early 20th century term cottage garden applied large sophisticated garden described cottage garden scale colour harmonies carefully contrived controlled famous red borders taken similar models cottage garden garden rooms castle idea cottage garden place plants grow flowering shrubs roses plants subjects coming chosen cottage garden ideal spread artists water influence garden survives cottage garden france development early 20th century garden prominent example garden varied rich colors water gardens modern times term cottage garden describe number informal garden styles design plants different traditional english cottage garden origins examples include regional variations grass prairie scheme american midwest california cottage gardens design classic cottage garden built cottage cottage style gardens created houses estates intimate garden rooms cottage garden design based principles informal look seemingly casual mixture flowers herbs vegetables packed small area spite appearances cottage gardens design help grace charm space limitations small rectangular plots practical functioning paths fences plants layout materials chosen impression country feel modern cottage gardens frequently use local flowers materials traditional cottage garden share tradition look use square inch rich variety flowers herbs vegetables cottage garden designed appear contrived instead artistic curves grand geometry designed borders right house replaced grass flowers beds wide needed instead discipline large scale color schemes simplicity color combinations neighbouring plants overall appearance vegetable garden taken flowers method planting closely packed plants supposed reduce required planted stone pathways turf paths cottage garden features requiring timed maintenance materials paths fences use traditional antique looking materials wooden fences gates paths covered locally bricks stone natural materials casual formal look feel cottage garden ornaments furniture use natural looking materials traditional finishes chosen impression old fashioned country garden plants overview late 19th century cottage gardens mainly grew vegetables household consumption typically half garden potatoes half mix vegetables wrote extensively cottage gardens book wrote seldom observe thing cottage garden potatoes beans french beans instances seldom issue noted ireland highlands scotland potatoes thing grown cottage garden modern cottage garden plants typically flowers chosen old fashioned informal appeal modern day use old fashioned plants varieties authentic traditional cottage garden plants addition modern varieties flowers fit cottage garden look example modern roses developed chosen cottage gardens old fashioned look multi form shaped flowers combined modern virtues repeat disease resistance modern cottage gardens use native plants adapted local climate trying force traditional english plants grow incompatible environment old favorites thrive cottage gardens world roses cottage gardens associated roses roses climbing roses old garden roses lush foliage contrast modern hybrid tea roses old cottage garden roses include cultivated forms form dense shrubs high wide pale pink purple flowers single form double form include ancient rose flowers preserved solely old cottage garden rose rose grown europe use cultivated forms grow higher gently help informal look garden taller generally roses white bloom partial shade rose fat rose famous dutch masters 17th century paintings roses grow tall wide habit aided training arch pillar roses produced descendants cottage garden favorites including varieties moss rose roses attractive growth flower flower unlike modern hybrids older roses bloom previous year wood aren severely year don bloom continuously share branches later flowering use rose branches support rose cottage garden segregated roses bare earth underneath blended flowers introduction china roses derived late 18th century hybrids introduced repeat nature china roses maintained informal old rose shape flower included rose rose added rose repertoire cottage garden recently hybrid english roses introduced climbing plants old roses grew long tied walls older varieties called climbing plants traditional cottage garden included european traveller modern cottage garden includes hybrids old appeal sparse foliage allows grow roses trees fences species modern cottage garden including popular cottage gardens include japanese plants traditional cottage garden served fences perimeter livestock privacy practical uses leaves tea flowers making wine fast growing addition creating provided food wine flowers fried batter wood uses including toys fishing poles holly plant useful quickly spread self seeded convenient fast growing time ornamental plants popular cottage garden including laurel flowers herbs popular flowers traditional cottage garden included flowers grown enthusiasts grown practical purpose example grown today entirely bright orange flowers primarily valued eating adding color butter cheese adding kinds healing preparations like old cottage garden herbs freely self making easier grow share popular cottage garden included stocks largest group traditional cottage garden flowers long cottage garden history include sweet williams solomon seal evening lily valley varieties roses today herbs typically thought plants traditional cottage garden considered plant household uses herbs medicine cleaning products herbs spread floor rushes cover herbs traditional cottage garden herbs included sage sweet fruits fruit traditional cottage garden included apple pear perry modern cottage garden includes varieties ornamental fruit trees non traditional trees like | Cottage garden | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Horticulture and forestry |
20209_BenjaminLeeWhorf | april july american fire prevention engineer widely known advocate idea linguistic differences grammar usage speakers different languages experience world differently principle frequently called hypothesis mentor called principle linguistic saw idea having implications similar principle physical life chemical engineer profession young man took interest interest drew study quickly went study indigenous languages professional scholars impressed work received grant study language mexico return home presented influential papers language conferences led begin studying yale_university maintaining day job time yale worked description language historical languages publishing influential papers professional journals chosen substitute medical leave taught problems american indian addition known work linguistic wrote grammar sketch studies proposed maya writing published attempt reconstruction death cancer manuscripts friends worked spread influence ideas relation language culture works published posthumously decades death 1960s views fell favor subject harsh criticisms scholars considered language structure primarily reflect cultural differences critics argued ideas poorly formulated based badly analyzed misunderstood data late 20th century interest ideas experienced resurgence new generation scholars began reading works arguing previous critiques engaged actual ideas attributed ideas expressed field linguistic studies remains active focus research linguistic continues generate debate controversy proponents proponents comparison work development concepts law historical met broad acceptance biography early life son born april massachusetts artist intellectual designer working commercial artist later benjamin younger brothers john richard went notable artists john internationally renowned painter illustrator richard actor films later emmy nominated television director shows benjamin intellectual young age conducted chemical experiments father photographic equipment avid reader interested middle american read conquest mexico times age began diary recorded thoughts dreams career fire prevention graduated degree chemical engineering academic performance average quality married mother children time began work fire prevention engineer inspector particularly good job highly commended employers job required travel production facilities new_england inspected describes arriving chemical plant denied access director allow production procedure trade secret having told plant produced wrote chemical formula piece paper saying director think surprised director asked knew secret procedure simply answered couldn way helped attract new customers favored thorough recommendations famous job argue language use affects behavior described workplace gasoline drums stored room ones said drums dangerous workers handled carefully point smoked room drums room ones argued speaking filled drums extension workers oblivious risk posed smoking near drums early interest religion language spiritual man lifetime religion followed subject debate young man produced manuscript titled discarded evolution causing scholars describe devout impressed supportive life main religious interest organization based buddhist hindu teachings promotes view world unity brotherhood distinction race creed sex color scholars argued conflict spiritual scientific driving force intellectual development particularly attraction ideas linguistic unpublished manuscripts spirituality suggest influenced ideas founder wrote cosmic evolution belief regards source evolution human races continuously higher forms said groups people come contact people capable excited ideas new ideas interested originally analyzed biblical texts seeking uncover hidden layers meaning inspired work began analysis early manuscripts hebrew maya described exhibiting considerable degree sought uncover meanings letters early studies studied biblical mainly library library extensive collection materials native american folklore originally collected library friends young boy later went study psychology edited published selection essays language thought reality collection interest antiquity began studying language later beginning studied collections maya texts quickly materials began scholarly dialog maya archaeologist harvard_university presented paper presented translation document held harvard began study comparative language family recently demonstrated linguistic family addition studied languages close correspondence field studies mexico promise shown work advised apply grant support research considered money travel mexico manuscripts library suggested spend time mexico documenting modern application proposed establish nature language leaving presented paper stem series maya conference argued languages syllables carry symbolic content awarded grant traveled mexico_city professor contact speakers serve outcome trip mexico sketch published death article series found monument noted similarities form meaning maya day signs yale return mexico entirely linguistic theory field middle american met leading day professional conferences came yale university_of_chicago position professor sent copy paper tones replied stating means published prepared publication took course yale american indian enrolled program graduate studies nominally working phd actually attempted obtain degree satisfying participating intellectual community yale joined circle students included took central role students respected profound influence thinking earliest writings espoused views relation thought language stemming tradition acquired regarded language historical embodiment ethnic world view influenced current logical early particularly richards meaning meaning adopted view natural language potentially mind perceive describe world view proper perception accomplished formal stay yale acquired current thought partly partly readings influenced science distanced approaches language meaning saw lacking insight polish philosopher general espoused chase admired work frequently sought reluctant considered chase utterly incompetent training background handle subject ironically chase later write foreword collection writings work descriptive encouraged continue work historical descriptive published articles topic period close friend took special interest language started working speaker village living manhattan new_york credited source information language took short field trip village second reservation arizona appointed honorary research fellow yale invited serve committee later yale awarded lecturer replacing ill gave graduate level lectures problems american indian assistance elaborated report progress linguistic research department yale report includes influential contributions linguistic theory concept covert categories lee argued report linguistic theories exist condensed form mainly report exerted influence discipline descriptive final years late health declined operation cancer fell period deeply influenced death early writings years laid research program linguistic memorial article relation thought behavior language particular taken definitive statement issue frequently quoted piece year published articles mit technology review titled science exact science language logic invited contribute article journal published madras india wrote language mind reality final pieces offered critique western science suggested non european languages referred physical phenomena ways directly reflected aspects reality european languages science ought pay attention effects linguistic efforts describe physical world particularly criticized european languages promoting mistaken world view advances sciences suggested languages dedicated attention processes dynamics stable argued paying attention physical phenomena described study valuable contributions science pointing ways certain assumptions reality implicit structure language language guides attention speakers certain phenomena world risk leaving phenomena risk overlooked posthumous reception legacy death friend appointed curator unpublished manuscripts published years death friends decade following particularly ideas linguistic coined term hypothesis conference published article titled hypothesis contributed idea proposed hypothesis basis program research published studies indigenous languages cultures found cultural patterns linguistic ones term technically went widely known label ideas according work recognized superb professional quality anti work began fall favor decade death subjected severe criticism scholars language culture psychology criticized reliance evidence hypothesis scientifically test ideas limited examination relation structure perception advocate straight language thought instead wrote language culture grown mutually shaped argued aim hypothesis test simple outset failed test ideas focusing color terminology easily differences perception vocabulary brown published study color terms slightly support weak effect color terms color perception began line studies investigated principle linguistic testing hypothesis declined 1960s 1980s began psychology formal terms studies period refuted hypothesis demonstrating linguistic diversity surface masks underlying universal principles studies highly critical language analyses examples lack academic degree 1980s mentions continued led widespread view ideas proven wrong treated severely scholarship decades described prime boys introductory texts late 1980s advent sought reputation scholarship began question earlier critiques justified 1960s philosophers aware hypothesis philosophers published scathing critiques strong viewpoints black characterized ideas demonstrating according black viewpoint concept linguistic meant translation languages different conceptual schemes impossible recent assessments lee consider black interpretation based inaccurate characterization viewpoint absurd given time spent trying translate different conceptual schemes view critiques based lack familiarity writings according recent scholars accurate description viewpoint thought translation possible careful attention subtle differences conceptual schemes criticized failing sufficiently clear language influences thought failing provide real evidence support assumptions arguments took form examples speculative functioned attempts exotic traits connected considered equally exotic worlds thought defenders admitted writing style convoluted attributed awareness language use reluctance use terminology pre existing argues indigenous languages exaggerated according tendency data judged historical context wrote time racism predominant qualities languages comparable complexity europe argues considered pioneer pioneer human today followers schools thought continue oppose idea linguistic seeing ridiculous example argues book language instinct thought exists prior language independently view espoused philosophers language interpretation language human thought humans think natural language language communication think language natural language following calls attacks calls radical position declaring examine arguments sense scholars bent criticized views arguing resurgence linguistic studies experienced resurgence 1990s series favorable experimental results brought favor especially cultural psychology linguistic study directing positive attention position women fire dangerous things argued right track focus differences categories source differences psychologist published books topic analyzing intellectual hypothesis arguing previous studies failed appreciate thinking unable research agenda actually test claims proposed new research design hypothesis linguistic tested avoid earlier studies claimed tended categories studying second book study relation categories language mexico writings published capable lee argued previous hypothesis largely ignored actual writings consequently asked questions unlike asked year volume linguistic edited gathered range researchers working linguistic bring renewed attention issue theories updated subsequent review new direction linguistic cemented development considerable research linguistic carried especially scholarship edited volumes linguistic studies scholars turn scholars frequently dismiss dull boring positive findings influence linguistic categories thought behavior subtle spectacular suggesting excitement linguistic promised spectacular findings able provide views compared philosophers late considered language important bearing thought reasoning compared views social considers development children social use language shared interest psychology read works seen similarities work ideas literary theorist read approach meaning similarly ideas interpreted radical critique science work linguistic best known main proponent called principle linguistic known hypothesis named stated principle form hypothesis idea linguistic categories influence perception shared scholars articles gave specific examples saw categories specific languages related conceptual patterns pointed research program taken subsequent scholars called studies degree influence language thought read statements lend interpretation supported linguistic example quoted passage writes nature lines laid native language categories types world phenomena find observer face contrary world presented impressions organized minds means largely linguistic systems minds cut nature organize concepts largely parties agreement organize way agreement holds speech community codified patterns language agreement course implicit terms absolutely talk organization classification data agreement introduced new principle holds observers led physical evidence picture universe linguistic backgrounds similar way statements nature terms language taken suggest meant language completely determined scope possible neo argue writing terms speak world terms think noted communicate thoughts experiences members speech community speakers use linguistic categories shared language requires experiences shape language speak process called thinking speaking interpretation supported subsequent statement individual free describe nature absolute constrained certain modes interpretation thinks free similarly statement observers led different pictures universe understood argument different making translation different conceptual linguistic systems impossible argue work main points systems aware differences conceptual schemes linguistic analysis time study time widely discussed criticized example linguistic analysis argues relation people time speak temporal relations grammar language elaborate argument existence linguistic based saw fundamental difference understanding time conceptual category argued language contrast english languages treat flow time sequence distinct instances like days years single process difference language lacks refer units time proposed view time fundamental aspects culture furthermore explained certain patterns behavior memorial essay wrote language seen contain words forms construction expressions refer directly time past present future challenged analyses temporal expressions concepts numerous examples language refers time argues language system consists future non future single difference tense system european languages system combines past present form single category critique widely cited final piece evidence ideas concept linguistic scholars defended analysis arguing claim lacked words categories describe concept time altogether different english speakers described categories tense noting time divided past present future common european languages single tense refers present past refers events happened happen future described large array stems called describes aspects referring units time english european languages contributions linguistic theory distinction overt covert categories widely influential british wrote notion conception grammar models reality eventually turn major contributions twentieth century furthermore introduced concept word describes variants single placed cornerstone consolidating early theory term popularized paper english went standard usage american tradition considered example linguistic principle describes different sounds treated reflections single language makes different sound appear similar native speakers language point unable distinguish special training wrote extremely unlike determining observer picture linguistic pattern makes like like makes unlike unlike central inquiries approach later described published essays articles interested ways speakers come aware language use able describe analyze language language saw ability arrive progressively accurate descriptions world partly ability construct describe language affects experience ability different conceptual schemes endeavors taken development study awareness published radical influential subsequently field linguistic studies languages conducted important work languages demonstrated valid language family working established familiarity language group met time yale published articles notes language published comparative review survey work served cement foundations comparative studies native american language studied language studied colonial documents later subject field work experience based studies argued language category invented mexico working native speakers studied grammar sketch dialect published lifetime published posthumously influential basic description modern scholars description dialect condensed places difficult understand unique terminology concepts work generally considered technically advanced produced analysis related history stop length languages work prepared publication considered valuable description endangered kind include detailed analysis phenomena achievements determine reason language found languages family existence previous caused reconstruct based evidence paper published journal argued resulted languages having undergone sound change original position sound law known law considered valid detailed understanding precise conditions took place developed friend published paper elaborated language family proposed originally family comprising languages languages maya series published unpublished studies 1930s argued writing extent work maya script gained support harvard main authority culture strongly rejected ideas saying writing lacked component impossible based linguistic analysis argued exactly reluctance apply linguistic analysis maya languages held sought cues values elements specific signs realized system logo approach understanding maya script known central claim script writing 1950s | Benjamin Lee Whorf | Language and literature | Language and literature | Linguists and philologists |
20349_TheLegendofKorra | legend legend american animated television series aired nickelodeon television network created sequel avatar aired animated style strongly influenced anime series set fictional universe people manipulate bend elements water earth fire air person avatar bend elements responsible maintaining balance world series follows previous series faces political spiritual unrest world main characters voiced supporting voice actors include people involved creation avatar including designer writer composers returned work legend animation south_korea japan legend ran episodes separated seasons books continued comics series legend critical success drawing favorable comparisons hbo series game work praised reviewers production values addressing issues social unrest terrorism going established boundaries youth entertainment respect issues race gender sexual identity series overview legend initially conceived episode miniseries nickelodeon declined creators pitch avatar follow animated movie based comics promise search rift choosing instead expand episodes series expanded july episodes episodes grouped separate seasons books composed fourteen episodes chapters season telling stand story beginning episode season new episodes distributed internet broadcast legend concluded fourth season setting legend set fictional world avatar years events series world separated nations northern southern distinguishing element series bending ability people manipulate classical element associated nation water earth fire air bending carried spiritual physical exercises portrayed similar chinese martial arts person avatar bend elements world nations avatar maintains peace balance world legend focuses seventeen year old girl successor season set capital state emerged colonies end residents metropolis described manhattan happened asia series creators united passion pro bending spectator sport teams composed throw ring bending techniques second season set southern polar region fourth seasons place lesser degree synopsis season book air sees learn son enters pro bending league befriends brothers leading engineering corporation ambitious politician fight anti uprising led masked strips abilities friends aided police chief brother ending coup spiritual meeting predecessor allows realize powers restore bending abilities victims second season book spirits begins months later dark spirits seas turns spirit uncle chief opens polar spirit world direction power force starting civil war opposed brother father seeking allies experiences life avatar fused soul spirit opponent aided twin children alignment planets dark avatar fights figure link previous broken help daughter defeats leaves spirit open allowing new spirits humans season book change begins weeks later people world discovering powers result friends recruit establish extinct newly criminal escapes prison allies attempts kidnap avatar fails thanks help previously estranged sister team members secret society kill earth queen throwing kingdom chaos try force surrender taking hostage including daughter final confrontation comrades killed captured led weeks later weakened wheelchair bound watches master service world final season book balance set years later slowly recovers injuries incurred fight traveling world haunted fear head security reunites fractured loyal refuses release power unpopular heir throne head new city sets sights claims nation help remnants poison losing duel allows help overcome fears regain power attacks giant carrying spirit powered takes efforts friends including inventor assistant stop weapon blows open new portal spirit world destroying city defeat series ends prospect democracy leaving spirit world cast characters series year old rebellious protagonist avatar transformation warrior spiritual according principal theme series character inspired pretty tough sister female fighters notably series focuses friends called team avatar bending brothers non older brother described dark brooding character named voice actor original series younger brother described humorous having lady arm non leading characters daughter wealthy industrialist main characters master grown children police chief sterling animal friends voice number animals including original series inspired famous standing japanese red family include wife children rose calm avid reader described fun crazy fast born episode book romantic interests companions foreground avatar feature mainly seasons book interested dates end season broken entered relationship ends end book suffers abusive relationship fourth season dates closer friends series final scene indicates romantic connection wrote scene evolution friends couple book air features main adversaries masked leader power remove person bending powers ambitious charismatic politician resorts increasingly methods lieutenant voiced father character self founder inspired japanese identified sons mob boss brown joined cast voice president supported general voiced original series member described hero type guy named uncle original series book spirits features families including elder siblings father mother mother main character avatar series recurring appearances season book introduces corrupt businessman inventor voicing assistant uncle aided twin children spirit disorder season explains avatar polar opposite april stewart making appearances books previous series set months events season book spirits sees police officer charge leading new pro bending team little success antagonists introduced book change comprise new grey previously voiced dark spirit explosive supporting characters include earth queen retired fire lord half sister captain guards new introduced season including young thief daughter origins love interests respectively voices merchant later named husband architect final season book balance features antagonist head army bent uniting cast joined vain heir throne estranged son fiancé second command voices aged returning character avatar young adult version voiced books april stewart cast daughter fire lord minor role production development legend created produced referred fans reference shipping naming conventions burbank california illustrate length production process months episode overlap phases wrote july team developing episode book episodes book finished production series announced annual comic con san_diego july originally release october tentatively titled avatar legend time intended episode mini series set fictional universe original seventy years later title changed legend march legend premiere eventually delayed april animation work south korean animation studio according animation director nickelodeon initially reluctant approve series suspended production unlike american animated series protagonist girl conventional wisdom according girls watch shows boys boys won watch shows girls creators eventually persuaded channel executives change mind related test screenings boys said girl matter said awesome creators wrote episodes season filler episodes allow story series expanded original episode schedule writers brought creators focus design work worked animation design original series involved creating legend composed soundtrack original series track team returned score legend second season book spirits premiered september concluded november consists fourteen episodes animation work south korean animation studio japanese animation studio expected solely work book executive director decided instead animation process rigorous eventually called fill void book according later contacted asked book feared book failed korean animators failures consequently accepted offer worked alongside season book change aired episodes june soon episodes leaked online takes place weeks events book spirits episodes thirteen streamed online broadcast television program book balance final season produced parallel previous seasons crew point worked approximately episodes time post production season production season pre production season production steps color correction continued date series finale december season started online distribution months season finale october nickelodeon cut season budget required episode decided include clip previously produced animation episode instead dismissing creative staff helped companion studio called working book concerning development discussed final scene intended friends romantic couple explained idea weight assuming able approval portraying relationship production finale decided test assumption approached network found supportive certain limit decided change final scene holding hands facing pose referencing marriage scene minutes prior style legend produced mainly traditional animation frames drawn paper south_korea animators studio digital processing episode comprises drawings series makes occasional use computer generated imagery complex scenes objects noticeably animations pro bending arena suits later seasons legend produced united_states work japanese animation anime strict sense magazine argued series strongly influenced anime easily classified protagonists heroine group talented supporting friends near villain wants world themes family friendship romance fear death quality voice acting visual style similar leading anime series brotherhood notable difference series absence lengthy opening ending sequences set pop songs save broadcast time legend openings endings seconds series visual characteristic anime occasionally use exaggerated facial expressions highlight emotions comic effect avatar series adds asian aesthetic presenting text appears fictional world traditional chinese characters translating example wanted posters seen season names protagonists written music legend set music previously wrote music avatar legend sole composer lead sound designer collaborate artist showrunner series concept score blend traditional chinese music early jazz basis composed score combining elements traditional chinese music western orchestration performed mainly string chinese solo instruments including flute drums soundtrack legend original music book published july music avatar played concert festival spain september series soundtrack nominated best soundtrack awards release broadcast united_states season book air aired united_states nickelodeon saturday april june broadcast countries local nickelodeon channels beginning august second season book spirits began airing nickelodeon united_states september friday evenings season ended november season book change began airing nickelodeon united_states june friday evenings episodes time broadcast announced week advance episodes new season leaked internet seven episodes aired low ratings nickelodeon removed episodes broadcast schedule remainder episodes distributed online amazon nickelodeon site compared legend friday night genre series loyal fan following built previous works creators taken air network fails advertise properly broadcast episodes logical manner series creator said series online distribution reflected sea change industry fit nickelodeon programming series extremely online season finale having nickelodeon biggest online event fourth season book balance began distribution united_states october itunes beginning november episode fourth season broadcast worldwide legend broadcast subtitled dubbed channels outside germany second seasons received german language broadcast fourth seasons broadcast pay channel france season broadcast project complete french dub launched home media episodes series released digital download services dvd blu ray formats dvd releases contain extra features audio commentary creators cast crew episodes blu ray releases contain commentary additional episodes following table indicates release dates dvd blu ray versions series reception ratings series premiere averaged million viewers ranking basic cable number kids animated program week total viewers legend ranks network watched animated series premiere years book air drew average million viewers episode highest audience total animated series united_states book spirits premiered million viewers suggested explanations reduced number broadcast viewers long period seasons change time slot friday evening instead saturday morning increased availability digital download services generally reduced ratings nickelodeon channel book change aired short notice june spanish language versions episodes leaked internet season premiered million viewers declining ratings season nickelodeon stopped airing series television shifted distribution online outlets proven successful critical response legend received widespread critical acclaim production values quality writing challenging themes conventions youth entertainment review aggregator rotten_tomatoes season rating positive reviews based reviews average rating style production values new_york_daily_news wrote visually striking series little tricks true fans notice prevents civilians enjoying writing vulture highlighted second season loose handheld style cinematography challenging animated series weird wonderful wildly imagined spirits fought parade mirror ign described season easily consistent season date delivering complex themes excellent storylines production values characterized truly magnificent season television delivering loads character development world building socio political commentary heart racing action presented beautifully smooth animation voice acting writing themes season finale wired hailed legend cartoon able address adults spiritual concerns presenting alternately hilarious ride packed fantasy conflicts sci weaponry self aware comedy atlantic characterized series highest quality fantasy time combining nuanced social commentary avatar warmth self wit variety felt series represents bit ambitious storytelling older kids adults geek gene commented favorably second season television best programs handled necessary quantity exposition introduction theme conflict covering season salon described toughest complex female characters despite cartoon considered surreal lovely sequel avatar critiques power gender extinction spirit wrapped lyrical expansive recommended series looking beautifully shot written fantasy television end game recent season noting series carefully balanced human relationships political intrigue reviewers noted issues unusually animated series children channel run legend according forbes telling mature stories animated legend created new genre world animated television drama proposed cause season reflected recent appearance occupy movement responded series written began agreed similarly depicted large group people felt powerless relatively small group people power wrote legend magic illustrate growing pains world seeing rise technology capitalism taking halting steps self governance portraying conflict entirely flawless praised examining issues class urban setting guest post column argued struggle reflected ideas luck praising series moral issues inequality writing noted series respected younger viewers explicitly showing giving emotional weight death major characters including brutal sudden deaths children television case season portraying opponents stereotypical villains human beings motivations corrupted excess zeal series trusted viewers able resolve understanding view methods wrote showing suffer depression end season fourth recovery series helped mental health issues theme generally children television oppressive viewers gender race sexual identity book vanity_fair described subversive television event year noting season series pushed boundaries nominally children television breaking racial sexual political ground featured brave strong brown skinned female lead character diverse female characters ages focused challenging issues weapons mass destruction infused eastern spirituality based balance highlighted examples written women predominantly color series noted series consistently delivered female figures considered foremost women relate friends family rivals romance politics according robinson series final scene gaze eyes shot composition avatar final moments kiss changed face going work children television depicting sex relationships assessment shared reviewers usa today ign hand felt relationship intended particularly subversive writers trusted younger viewers familiar sex relationships mature understand wrote portraying bisexual series avoided error assuming sexual orientation series strict divide gay straight accolades season legend received numerous accolades received nominations annie awards nominated category animated television production episodes nominated category series nominated outstanding children program award image awards celebrates accomplishments people color ign editors readers awarded series ign people choice award best animated series award nominated best series best hero series took second place little pony friendship magic readers poll best animated series season received nominations winning category outstanding casting animated series special second season received fewer awards total nominations nominated winning category outstanding achievement production design nominated ign awards nominated best animated series winning ign people choice award second year row fourth seasons combined entry nominated ign awards winning time row best animated series second time people choice award best episode people choice award best series time fourth seasons nominated best animated broadcast production children audience winning outstanding achievement like predecessor series legend broad active including social media fan conventions fans young adults according children younger teenagers according writing forbes series vocal fan base legend including popular series game january series ended media reported fan petition produce series avatar universe garnering signatures influence noted live action series warrior nbc ordered pilot early premise identical legend damaged heroine works undercover physical spiritual guidance mysterious martial arts master bring international crime lord contemporary magical media comics legend continued comics series written drawn published planned volumes continue story immediately end fourth season focus relationship series announcement july mention date publication art hardcover art books detailing season creative process published similar art book published avatar july nickelodeon published free interactive book legend enhanced experience itunes contained material concept art character biographies march organized legend fan art exhibition los_angeles support series creators later published documentary video art exhibition supported nickelodeon pay tribute legend avatar held march gallery nucleus california novels book air adapted novels aimed readers ages published revolution isbn adapting episodes published january isbn adapting episodes seven published july video games published video games based series october titled legend person beat game xbox xbox playstation playstation despite developer platinum games reputation action games game received mixed reviews second game legend new era begins turn based strategy game developed nintendo 3ds nickelodeon makes based games based legend available website merchandise inch merchandise announced san diego comic con spin offs web series premiere book spirits nickelodeon released online animated short videos titled cover lives street events season written writers book spirits designed possible film august variety reported sister company nickelodeon starting development animated movies budgets million according variety possible candidate films legend series creator later wrote blog movie development july said far busy working multiple seasons series parallel consider developing film adaptation time | The Legend of Korra | Media and drama | Television | Avatarverse |
21285_Avatar:TheLastAirbender | avatar avatar regions american animated television series aired seasons referred books episode title card nickelodeon avatar set like world people able manipulate classical elements use variants chinese martial arts known bending combines styles anime american cartoons relies imagery east asian southeast asian south asian societies series considered anime work discussed series follows adventures protagonist year old friends bring peace unity world ending fire lord war nations pilot episode aired february series concluded widely praised hour episode july sources including dvd itunes_store xbox live marketplace playstation store run avatar universally acclaimed audiences critics alike praises went art direction humor cultural references characters themes commercially successful garnering million viewers best rated showing receiving high ratings lineup outside year old demographic series nominated won awards annie awards genesis awards primetime emmy award award season success prompted nickelodeon order second seasons media series spawned critically panned financially successful live action film titled directed scaled action figures trading card game video games stuffed animals distributed sets art book released sequel series legend aired overview avatar takes place world home humans hybrid animals adjacent parallel spirit world human civilization divided nations water tribes nation distinct society people known ability manipulate control element nation physical motions martial arts creators based bending style existing chinese martial art leading clear visual physical differences techniques hung northern addition types bending minor bending including limited earth lightning generation fire given time person world capable bending elements avatar serves international avatar dies avatar spirit nations avatar cycle order avatar incarnation born male female required master bending art seasonal order starting native land element additionally avatar enter trance known avatar state normally defense mechanism placed mental discipline control current avatar briefly gains knowledge abilities past avatar killed cycle end avatar incarnations avatar maintains relative equality nations serving humans spirits origin avatar cycle revealed sequel series legend result young man named combining soul spirit opponent sequel series revealed bending originally bestowed immense giant creatures renounced roles mankind creation avatar backstory backstory series told largely flashback sequences extends backward years time period bulk series takes place prelude events revealed slowly fragmented non linear manner century opening events series fire lord ruler planned world war expand nation territory influence prevented carrying plans death avatar named learned avatar status years old frightened new responsibilities separation mentor fled home flying forced ocean storm entering suspended animation years knowing nature avatar cycle carried genocide passing increased firepower later renamed result spent remaining days searching eponymous year war continued succeeded fire lord son turn passed title youngest son primary antagonist series season book water fourteen year old southern tribe older brother find revive learns war occurring absence siblings join reach northern water tribe learn master return attracts attention prince exiled son pursues pursued militant intends win favor rob redemption route meets established eponymous previous avatar childhood friend attempts learn master gains traveling companion winged names discovers genocide people visiting winter meets predecessor northern water tribe learn advanced master falls love tribal chief daughter lays siege seizing mortal forms ocean moon spirits source causing lunar eclipse kills moon spirit render powerless uses combines ocean spirit drive enemy fleet princess sacrifices life revive moon spirit hears resistance sends daughter capture season book earth leaving continues master group searches teacher search brings year old blind wants independence upper class family pursued lead new lives later refugees capital sing library guarded spirit group learn imminent solar eclipse allow stop arrives journey inform complicated kidnapped city find sing manipulated leader secret police group finds captured escapes attempts consciously access avatar state join coup état having tried ignore past obsession avatar appears rescue tries enter avatar state nearly kills rule group escapes thanks imprisoned goes hiding season book fire recovers long coma find friends allies disguised soldiers ship preparing invasion despite receiving credit avatar apparent death regrets role invasion meets great success friends unable find forced retreat allies captured time having learned father intention destroy time leaves palace teach approaches reluctant kill goes consult predecessors spirits unsuccessfully search find newly escaped joined members secret society called order white lotus master master taught order white lotus hinder prevent new fire lord arrives confronts finds losing battle mistakenly establishes connection enabled strips powers instead killing soon crowned new fire lord armistice series ends meeting protagonists sing tea shop dragon kiss beneath sunset camera sunset displaying words end chinese counterparts characters voiced year old fun loving protagonist series fighting fiercely protective friends current incarnation planet avatar spirit required act people according arrow like forehead arms mark master youngest history earned mentor greatest lived according voiced fourteen year old brother accompany quest defeat fire lord eventually master surviving able manipulate control human bodies bending water known ability twice series usually kind hearted generous deeply hurt hostile angered betrayal voiced year old non warrior younger sister accompanies quest defeat fire lord describes meat loving sarcastic source comic relief love interest leader end season falls love following transformation moon spirit returns unlike companions bending ability skill lies largely mechanics sword chief weapons metallic blunt metal battle club later black created metals voiced year old blind female instructor blind sees feeling vibrations ground feet ability enables feel heart allowing tell lying later shown developing method detecting metal strictly taught basics tutor learned original form original crush voiced sixteen year old exiled prince original antagonist season second season protagonist season determined strong rarely shows compassion season season struggles deal anger self pity complex relationships choice good evil takes identity blue spirit season season season defects master end series crowned ruler voiced flying serves protagonists mode transport world remains suspended animation years shares strong bond possesses ability fly use tail create powerful gusts air according flying voiced intelligent curious winged discovered picks fights winged smaller creatures food understand speech tales sing written means peach japanese grabbed peach hand written voiced general known dragon west prince paternal uncle mentor heir fire nation throne throne surface cheerful kind optimistic eccentric old man remains powerful warrior devoted parent grand master order white lotus secret society men nations unlike use anger source strength relying instead secrets learned dragons voiced princess younger sister primary antagonists series older appearance confirmed official website intended making years younger brother living capable casting lightning master manipulation great leader fear control subjects friends alike loyalty solely father meticulous calculating end season loses altogether result fragile mental state broken betrayal friends loss father elevation position power defeated duel voiced leader young exclusively female sect established exceptionally skilled fighter staunch ally protagonists imprisoned warriors defeated ultimately released remained protagonists fought disable air force love interest immediately following end war voiced best friend lacks bending swift skilled throwing knives assists role ultimately decides abandon girlfriend voiced fights alongside protagonists notable appearance innocence youth ability disable enemies temporarily limbs having abandoned joins earlier fire lord voiced ruler father younger brother supreme antagonist series depicted cruel leader described worst father history fathers son reportedly thought light punishment favors sees sees beliefs embodied final battle phoenix king ruler world watch defeated removes ability production avatar created produced burbank california animation work animation studios south_korea according program conceived spring took old sketch middle aged man imagined character child drew character sky showed sketch time studying documentary explorers trapped described early development concept creators successfully pitched idea nickelodeon vice president executive producer weeks later series revealed public teaser reel comic con aired february united_states episodes series shown hour premiere event second episode season ran march december final season beginning september featured episodes usual final episodes packaged hour movie avatar notable borrowing extensively east asian art mythology create universe series character designs heavily influenced chinese art history buddhism traditional chinese styles represent nearly writing series instance appropriate style ranging seal script archaic clerical script employed cultural consultant series cultural influences choreographed martial art bending moves affected asian cinema interview revealed mike interested epic legends lore properties like lord rings knew wanted different approach type genre love japanese anime hong_kong action cinema eastern led initial inspiration avatar music sound series formed track team experimented use wide range different instruments compose background music term avatar comes sanskrit means descent roots tri pass hindu scriptures avatar signifies mortal incarnation god usually chinese characters apparent title card mean divine medium descended mortal world according plot revealed avatar choosing toys thousands childhood toys previous buddhism similar test magic mystery writes number objects books tea cups etc placed child pick belonged late showing recognizes things theirs previous life successor expected signs continuity previous avatar born week death avatar draws classical elements bending arts water earth fire air variation ancient incorporate elements examples include classical hindu buddhist greek traditions opening element accompanied chinese characters ancient chinese seal script character left representing element shown modern chinese character right describing feature element character pinyin stands water shown pinyin means good character pinyin stands earth shown pinyin means strong powerful character pinyin stands fire shown pinyin means intense fierce finally character pinyin stands air shown pinyin means peace peaceful harmony addition use classical elements series fighting styles associated element derived different styles chinese martial arts film makers employed consultant fighting style chosen represent element projected series focuses alignment body structure breath series chosen firmly rooted powerful strikes present solid nature earth uses strong arm leg movements represent uses dynamic circular movements quick directional changes exception styles seen practicing style reception ratings series debuted rated best animated television series demographic new episodes averaged million viewers people regard major animated series gained somewhat cult following hour special showing secret fire nation aired september consisting pass drill gathered audience million viewers according nielsen_media_research special best performing cable television airing week avatar syndicated countries worldwide nickelodeon rated programs series ranked nickelodeon germany indonesia malaysia netherlands belgium colombia series finale final battle received highest ratings series premiere averaged million viewers viewers nickelodeon received mid july week july ranked viewed program demographic final battle appeared itunes list best selling television episodes week final battle popularity affected online media rise phoenix king online game based generated game plays days ign listed complete series 35th list animated shows awards nominations media art released art book titled avatar art animated series june contains pages original art creation avatar animated series comics comic book short stories published june released collection new comics single volume avatar publishes graphic novel series continues story years war avatar promise published volumes fate colonies eventually legend second set comic books avatar search focuses fate mother set avatar rift shifts focus process creating relationship family promotion merchandising avatar success led promotional advertising party companies avatar themed roller coasters kings island appeared nickelodeon published special issues dedicated entirely members avatar staff cast appeared san diego comic con international convention appeared pacific media expo october avatar line shirts toys trading card game manga video games fisher price produced action figure toy line generated controversy exclusion female characters came release information stating taken account increased role program included figure assortment release figure ultimately went unreleased entire line canceled produced nickelodeon executives released optimistic plans upcoming marketing strategies regards avatar nickelodeon president openly stated belief franchise video games video game trilogy avatar created avatar video game released october avatar burning earth released october avatar released october games loosely based seasons respectively players select characters complete quests gain experience advance storyline games met mixed positive reviews ratings improved game games extremely commercially example avatar selling nickelodeon game reached sony greatest hits status avatar legends arena massively multiplayer online role playing game microsoft windows launched september nickelodeon user able create character choose nation interact globe holiday season game closed film season basis live action film written directed intended movie trilogy films based television seasons film reception overwhelmingly negative critics series fans alike earning rating rotten_tomatoes 31st golden awards including film originally shared title television series changed simply producers feared confused film avatar film stars sequel legend legend sequel series avatar announced comic con san_diego july written produced creators producers original series initially titled avatar legend legend takes place seventy years end avatar season episodes aired april june second season episodes aired september november season episodes aired june august fourth final season episodes aired october december series protagonist year old girl avatar death character partly inspired original series creators popular fans avoid repetition adventures original series creators wanted root place concept drawing city released announcement series shows city design inspired shanghai hong_kong manhattan vancouver vibe season learn youngest son contend anti revolution taking place city second season provides origins avatar cycle | Avatar: The Last Airbender | Media and drama | Television | Avatarverse |
21743_Al-Risalahal-Dhahabiah | arabic arabic pronunciation golden treatise medical health attributed eighth wrote accordance demand time revered precious islamic literature science medicine entitled golden treatise ordered written gold ink chain said reach ibn described highly treatise includes scientific branches medical science primitive according treatise health determined blood yellow black suitable proportion maintains health liver plays important role producing maintaining required proportions body describes body kingdom king heart blood vessels limbs brain laborers author treatise authored seventh descendant islamic prophet muhammad eighth given ibn ibn far born house seventh islam eleventh december summoned reluctantly accepted role successor forced having given poisoned accompanying persia died buried iran background palace center philosophical scientific scientific held mentioned man body included greatest scholars leaders physician physician ibn indian philosopher participants medical participants involved lengthy discussion body makeup types foods kept silent asked demonstrate knowledge physiology nutrition replied knowledge personally tested came know accuracy experience passage time addition told ancestors body afford ignorant leaving shall equal portion know soon departed wrote asking fulfill promise write treatise body health authored golden treatise request contents includes scientific branches medical science primitive begins follows know tries servant disease medicine order cure kind disease kind medicine conduct writes treatise health accordance balance yellow blood black individual sick proportion nutrition traditional medicine cure liver plays important role producing maintaining required proportions body describes body kingdom king heart blood vessels limbs brain workers continues house king heart body land hands legs eyes lips ears stomach chamberlain chest hands bring things near away work king reveals legs king vehicle carry likes eyes lead king disappears names main organs human body heart nerves brain hands legs ear eye discusses characteristics functions detail human body containing systems cells said think small body greatest world folded treatise discusses kind foods suitable according season time day age individual says eat cold foods summer hot foods winter moderate foods seasons according strength appetite start food body feed according material ability activity time food hours meals days parts body disease months seasons year reception sent pleased receive showed great interest ordering treatise written gold ink came known gold treatise praised said reviewed learned cousin loved logical physician deals body conduct bathing balance nutrition found organized best carefully studied reviewed contemplated till wisdom manifested benefits obvious found place heart learned heart understood mind found precious item post great treasure useful item ordered written gold precious deposited wisdom copied descendants youths nation bodies healthy balanced life possible overcoming disease life wisdom achieved wisdom paradise won worthy object value esteem reliable physician counselor refer substance knowledge came house derive knowledge knowledge successors manners scholars cure hearts sick people ignorance god pleased young old showed elite closest train known wisdom knowledge medicine authors books counted people knowledge described wisdom lauded thought highly elevated esteem appreciated order fair author submitting believing wisdom included commentaries treatise commentaries written follows ibn available private library late iraq son | Al-Risalah al-Dhahabiah | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Medicine books |
22641_ARAAlmiranteBrown(1880) | central battery ironclad built 1880s london displaced long tons speed knots mph ship protected belt inch steel faced armor carried main battery breech loading guns major warships world use steel armor remained largest vessel argentine fleet nearly decades peaceful career fleet 1880s 1890s 1920s reduced coastal defense ship remained service early 1930s stricken naval register november sold scrapping design general characteristics machinery feet long perpendiculars beam draft displaced long tons combat load hull steel built wood hull included double ram bow fitted pole masts ship crew officers men propulsion system consisted compound steam engines drove pair propellers steam engines provided coal fired cylindrical water tube boilers boilers split separate watertight boiler rooms steam engines individual engine rooms engines rated indicated horsepower produced speed knots mph capacity store metric tons long tons short tons coal boilers addition steam engines fitted sailing rig auxiliary cruising sail plan area square feet armament armor equipped main battery inch guns mounted individually casemates central battery bow stern breech loading guns new development rendered significantly powerful vessel completed years earlier carried guns single mounts upper deck mounted forward located aft inch stern close range defense small craft provided pair pounder guns pair pounder guns ship protected compound armor steel face manufactured german firm use steel armor new development naval technology permitted significant weight savings main armored belt thick amidships reduced bow stern main belt armor thick amidships end ship central battery protected armor plate lower armor upper atop central battery armored deck thick deck fore aft battery thick conning tower thick sides service history argentina inquiries britain buy new ocean going capital ship navy point consisted coastal forces centered small class coastal defense ships large ironclad ordered brothers shipyard london launched october cost argentine government june conducted speed trials achieved designed speed knots power delivery argentina largest vessel argentine fleet remained class armored cruisers acquired late 1890s present ceremonies opening south basin harbor buenos_aires january july ship thought lost storm claimed torpedo boat protected cruiser believed sunk storm survived following year heavy units took putting naval revolution went dry dock shipyard toulon modernization main battery guns replaced caliber quick firing guns replaced guns central battery mounted pairs place bow stern guns addition old inch guns replaced new quick firing models crew reduced officers men 1920s reduced coastal defense training ship having long rendered obsolete dreadnought battleships december crewmen rowed ashore defeat group based ship remained service early 1930s november stricken naval register subsequently discarded | ARA Almirante Brown (1880) | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Argentina |
23331_IvanJones(Emmerdale) | fictional character british soap opera played appeared series august originally introduced participate storyline character meant feature episodes serial producers impressed regular character character required actor adopt accent characterised good charming described having love interests stated slept way village later announced character bisexual starts sexual relationship relationship proved explosive combination wanting remain secret praised storyline spoke hopes remove social stigma attached sexuality accidentally revealed knows paul later subject revenge campaign turns advances paul sister lies having affair relationship paul april announced decision leave serial concentrate projects actor said grown attached enjoyed filmed final scenes june left august character caused controversy viewers complained television watch dog paul intimacy company later cleared wrongdoing said christian groups wrote condemning hell sexuality letters young lesbian gay people claimed gave courage guardian praised storyline involving affair lies sunday mirror opined clearly gay camp row tents casting hired play episode stint introduced storyline character getting old told laws sunday mercury serial producers intend character develop enjoyed work kept later extended contract found taking role gave new respect soap opera actors hard work actor regional accent accent role members public confused heard speak person character development characterisation writer finnish broadcaster described good dark charming revealed bisexual admits attraction told writer gay love interests slept way village actor started role straight married said months started informed character bisexual openly gay said risk playing bisexual character added worried previously married woman enjoys flirting females moment jenna bond liking novels confesses attraction tells brother paul interested kisses cheek told laws known years prior joining serial living said embarrassing romance developed characters friendship actor think great given storyline told reporter people think grandmother storyline said interested receive reaction viewers subject hasn covered actor later said found interesting felt tackled later spoke belief stigma attached bisexual hopes storyline break barriers issue starts pursue paul start sleeping secretive attitude relationship soon paul told writer inside soap character serial lot love opposite cracking girls village paul relate secretive nature issue paul offer paul cent physically emotionally matter like paul attempts come terms situation tries dump time struggle hidden added wants quiet real paul dynamic relationship proves explosive combination later decide ready gay relationship paul weighs risks getting hurt told paul like makes happy paul group men steps rescue told digital spy tells men problem boyfriend time actually shocked considered boyfriend paul invites dinner father ready come actor said needs time feels comfortable situation wife jordan caught man resulted reaction knew said causes reluctance come scared opening new community people worried villagers reaction explained dynamic characters paul finds extremely difficult secretive relationship wants different things relationship paul drag act local pub mentions secret relationship argument toilets paul accidentally left microphone pub said feels upset betrayed deep knows bisexual isn sure relationship going work paul conform paul ideas relationships lies paul relationship tested attempts seduce despite fact relationship brother impressed advances told trying seduce long shot ready huge crush added storyline hilarious madness having sex brother entertaining idea sees wants stop sets seduce argument boyfriend told calls comfort drunk good friends gets shower wearing confronted dressed sexiest underwear tells stop loves paul simon mother walks assumes having affair correct tells believe likes paul learns situation said realises lie tells father slept actress added pleased fact got confronts public asks tell truth turns turn later argues paul tells slept times said thinks going leave lies ruin relationship paul believes lies serial later played chance paul interviewed said paul visits left house realise don left opined paul doomed start needed commit thinks reunite paul sets pair explained got tells pub obvious paul love need reconcile situation embarrassing furious intervention soul searching paul asks paul rejects advances said paul normally likes big love affair time gives marching orders left decides time away village stated character goes terrible silent moment concluded audience clearly paul kicking saying feel departure april revealed quit role film final scenes june told reporter fact originally employed guest role staying year half great added pleased depart series high note enjoyed experience spokesperson added character rivalry employer new business addition planned romantic liaison big shock viewers villagers alike departed series august left work costa_rica alongside fellow character simon later told columnist rule future return room character found leaving way wanted pursue projects storylines arrives village working king sons separated wife starts new job role takes interest liking literature gives copy novel lets buy drink concerned warns away age difference reveals attracted reveals likes paul kissing cheek paul soon start sexual relationship want know relationship paul finds difficult paul grows tired secretive arranges meal attend paul drunk moves simon goes collect things left jordan house paul goes takes van returns finds van graffiti reading paul surrounded men threatens group cricket bat tells paul boyfriend shocked finally admitted insists remain quiet returning village thinks paul seeing attempts find tells laurel likes paul drag queen act makes having secret boyfriend drops hints gets angry pair argue toilets unaware pub hear paul switch microphone accuses paul purpose eventually deals feels simon moving decides seduce advances tells laurel slept tries truth convinces lying paul refuses speak makes father throw home tells laurel lied thing laurel tells inside pub lied refuses accept thinks paul lets pub know annoyed realises right asks paul chance turns leaves village returns simon annoyed leaving pay rent reveals job manager matthew new business job soon ends simon leave new life costa_rica reception scene paul shared kiss sparked controversy viewers people complained media watch dog deeming scenes explicit company later cleared wrongdoing spokesperson said paul behaviour explicit previously exhibited characters soap given portrayal relationship consider scenes acceptable said paul probably pre watershed gay scene shown mainstream told gay reporter storyline huge effect viewers revealed received lot letters christian groups telling hell kissing male pre watershed television received young gay lesbian teenagers thanked making easier come relate added majority positive feedback felt happy know portrayal helped people face sexuality paul intimacy evening standard said watch mocked plan relationship secret village reported viewers impressed bisexual shared kiss paul labelled daily_mirror sunday mercury laws branded relationship paul surprising storyline sunday mirror opined paul reluctant bisexual lover camp row tents added useless realising liked men daily_mirror said paul tried hard closet hanging tightly going splinters writer opined paul confronted dramatic moment gripping start said enjoying serial outing added wanted men paul fucking nightmare wrong guardian said hot bisexual felt storyline paul played cheap laughter evening standard questioned returned village break writer concluded probably bisexual friendly village yorkshire learning leaving series daily_mail said bisexual village staying power | Ivan Jones (Emmerdale) | Media and drama | Television | Emmerdale |
24076_AmyWyatt | fictional character british soap opera played debuted screen episode airing october inception amy central main storylines played serial rebellious teenager said enjoys playing character amy unstable upbringing children homes foster care impacted persona troubled character protects creating hard exterior amy biggest fear embarrassment lead normal family life foster parents storylines developed grown close pair rebelled stages play expressed delight positive impact amy screen family style wears heavy stories character include blackmail night stands heavy drinking programme series producer devised storyline help viewers relate amy began amy discovers pregnant serial villain narrative progresses amy fear losing new found family increases amy received mixed reviews critics daily_mail said scenes resembled horror movie colleague opined amy wears entertainment website digital_spy favoured storylines nominated awards portrayal amy announced departure october departed november character development series producer mentioned amy arrival june said characters faced fascinating future arrival fresh faced stranger takes shine pair amy debuted screen october found stranded outside village later moves attempts rebuild life amy happy character personality amy grew foster care shows persona hard people understand acts vulnerability factor said likes amy hoped learn sensible felt important amy remained youthful disliked portrayals teenagers growing quickly found easy portray character younger base aspects amy story teenage experience times scared puts hard exterior amy distinct style described choice clothing said viewers getting amy nice reminded good lying concluded amy bad adjusting family life starts acting rebellious starts drinking throwing men forcing foster parents second thoughts told inside soap amy goes rails convinced goes wrong life afraid getting hurt things explained parental approach compared contrasting son grew said factor meant tolerant amy bad behaviour brought children approach amy light hearted amy continues alcohol feel gone far question ability cope served ultimatum amy endure changes remain new family claimed main change tongue mouth cool boys screen thrilled amy inclusion said acting skill place comparison david initially hostile amy inclusion family storyline attitude results amy developing feelings said david soft spot amy time began little sister david girlfriend accuses amy stealing shop david proves innocence exposing thief added david given wrong signals acted naive story arc explained amy signs sort affection growing amy kisses david felt surprise amy lies best friend claiming slept runs away home revealed amy genuinely liked david thought feeling mutual wouldn think amy biggest fears embarrassed david tracks amy return truth david said amy hurt david deception trusted despite problems good relationship tries convince amy return home lead life wanted deep cares strict role played branded moment amy meeting match straight forward amy returns home finds telling truth hard amy village life arrives amy spokesperson revealed amy affair father ruined family got mess start problems amy steals pay point story sick amy bad behaviour refuses help pregnancy amy role serial increased publicised pregnancy storyline plot begins amy sex said amy takes lead goes explained amy attention ego thinks young book like got learns sixteen feels incredibly stupid embarrassed shows guilt orders distance said amy attitude uses situation david jealous august amy discovers pregnant left state shock storyline received busiest filming schedules started filming told couldn come worse time amy final chance angry amy scared said wants low key rid attempts force baby amy agrees isn bright thinks easier option sees scan amy ahead abortion upbringing amy left terrified frame mind victoria tells violent past storyline developed held potential ruin positive changes character achieved said amy close good place think amy happy person wants tell shares closest bond remain silent prevents having normal parent child relationship truth ruin chance said portrayal turns amy dark place young like amy preoccupied fear case finds said makes amy dangerous amy victoria fall described rock series producer said storyline change lives lot people amy times said narrative truly heart breaking dangerous think going change perceptions amy going start understand amy awful lot departure october announced leaving actress said amazing experience added completely changed life given confidence coming having learnt feel ready play characters playing fun imagined storylines amy car breaks outside village stops help amy claims pregnant andy knows lying takes local garage car serviced amy checks meets claims nurse tells victoria actually sixteen run away foster care victoria tries sneak amy paying catches offers pay debt working police arrive inform amy stole foster parents car leaves social worker victoria stays touch amy runs away victoria hides basement finds lets stay forces leave amy visits tells foster parents separated moving care home amy locks bathroom workers care home telephone claiming arrives arranges amy stay later amy starts working develops feelings david pays attention amy sleeps tries david jealous concern behaviour steals worth stock accuses amy david defends admits amy kisses david cheek thank support concern makes advances runs away david rejects comes home david tells victoria slept later amy admits lied amy new home barn conversion happiness short lived man past tracks threatens tell new family friends past demands money quiet realizing wrong tells past makes promise quiet pays threatened reveals amy affair father caused family break makes leave amy discovers pregnant tells demands termination victoria suggests amy tell clinic learns pregnancy advanced termination baby december tells condition insists secret scared reaction finds amy later gives birth baby boy church graveyard thinking dead amy leaving telephone box goes david house tells happened learns baby found alive taken hospital knowing amy needs medical attention waits fall asleep calls ambulance hospital apologizes keeping pregnancy secret initially decides baby named kyle christmas day amy bathing kyle remembers mother dropping bath giving social services amy runs away leaving kyle victoria helps decide kyle adoption upset amy decision supporting making drift apart tries win amy family trip portugal goes bank account amy upset begins dating attempts apart realizes happy makes supports relationship amy discovers kyle adoptive parents died victoria attend funeral kyle wake adoptive grandmother kyle drops toy amy tries tell hear amy keeps day amy returns tells lives amy plans return toy changes mind minute leaves needing kyle persuades andy let baby jack kyle makes friends telling studying asking needs help kyle accepts allows amy look kyle occasionally thrilled finds victoria convinced good idea tells amy kyle birth mother disgusted refuses let amy kyle eventually convinced change mind sadly amy kyle picnic kyle accidentally blames amy seeing kyle time refuses change mind calls police amy visits repeatedly warn stay away desperate son amy andy dating custody kyle social worker tells awarded custody unlikely feeling adoption mistake amy decides kyle run knowing amy feels losing child tries talk decides help instead kyle kidnap drives docks ireland drive phones repeatedly don answer eventually answers amy reveals plans throwing phone away checks history computer finds amy heading andy head docks end persuades amy return kyle warning complications life run kyle affected says goodbye kyle gives tries convince stay amy fearing sent prison refuses leaves devastating later gets amy learns living ireland aunt september david informs amy death funeral date amy believes big risk return village passes regards family reception nominated category best soap newcomer later nominated category best newcomer later nominated best newcomer national television awards daily_mirror said amy scenes resembled start teen horror movie inside soap described amy stating survive need attitude isn lacking department daily_mail criticised amy wears accused stephen said couldn wears eye lucky find foot amy unsure baby stephen decision change seen fuel faced coal miners stephen opined obvious david heading trouble said sympathy walked amy rampant teen entertainment website digital_spy chosen certain plots featuring amy picture day recommendation feature include amy accused david revealing pregnancy | Amy Wyatt | Media and drama | Television | Emmerdale |
23978_TransportintheSovietUnion | transport soviet_union transport ussr important nation economy economic late 1920s 1930s led development infrastructure massive scale rapid pace soviet_union collapse wide variety modes transport land water air government policies investments transport low late 1970s early 1980s soviet calling construction roads alleviate strain railways improve state budget civil aviation industry represented largest world plagued ussr collapse road network remained dirt roads common outside major cities time attendance roads ill equipped handle growing problem death successors tried success solve problems time automobile industry growing faster rate construction new roads mid-1970s percent soviet population owned car despite improvements aspects transport sector problems outdated infrastructure lack investment corruption bad decision making central authorities demand transport infrastructure services rising soviet authorities proved unable meet growing demand people soviet road network chain reaction led growing demand public transport nation merchant fleet largest world civil aviation according air code ussr responsible air transport enterprises established soviet civil air transport largest total destinations vehicles post war existence ussr monopoly air transport ranged civil transport cargo transporting political prisoners soviet_union covered sixth entire earth early 1920s government decided invest aviation industry concluded expanding soviet_union travel efficient faster help build develop farmland enormously spread nation time travel required taking trains case road travel cars buses trucks northern eastern territories soviet_union completely inaccessible year vast land lacked roads railroads huge distances nearest population centers practically weather travel construction nearly impossible absence surface transportation facilities meant little equipment available use road construction making process consequently soviet government eager save money transportation sector concluded building series airports scattered isolated parts country far economically efficient build thousands miles roads railroads automobile train travel air travel best means transportation people cargo fleet necessary number aircraft manufacturing facilities grew thirty nation annual output increased mere number existing fleets soviet government founded national airline air service soviet_union renaming formation march main purposes operate maintain air transportation system provide different types services aerial surveying forest fire fighting agricultural promote educational recreational athletic activities public literally translates air fleet originally consisted existing air transportation fleets soviet_union 1920s creating soviet government like industries young soviet_union time expanding fleets like red air fleet general public aviation industry represent modernization represented means achieve modernization future glory second year plan devised development expansion aviation industry soon making air transport primary means transportation soviet_union strategy involved creating network cities towns deliver people politicians military officials prisoners travelers importantly mail freight recognized strong civil aviation sector supply necessary equipment materials prisoners increasing efficiency production output soviet aviation engineers long months time regular visitors prominent aircraft developers boeing engineers play key role origins soviet aircraft manufacturer soviet_union existence air travel served deliver freight 1930s freight percent services fact time air travel soviet_union existed means travel way government develop remote areas nation needs resource acquisition public rarely flew flights expensive maybe half workers monthly salary service poor single state owned governed airline operated competitors expanded according soviet central government central planning beginning world war entirety soviet civil aviation industry primarily domestic freight carrier fact surpassed volume despite strong commenced international route operating moscow prague world war soviet government wanted continue expansion starting increasing services moscow capitals soviet growing soviet air transportation network began shrink railroad importance soviet nations years passed soviet regime recognized aviation industry increasing value officials transportation planning attempted establish regular air service nearly city union soviet engineers helped pioneer introduction jets jet age served roughly cities time thirty largest soviet cities connected cities population including nearly percent populations percent cities people joining cities infrastructure industry heavily jet age introduction new faster reliable ways air travel greatly changed soviet aviation jets shortened travel times allowed nonstop service cities reach nonstop flights jet age longest nonstop service moscow roughly miles introduction jets mail delivered moscow nearly miles east day soviet_union jet world service moscow route miles soviet built soviet government established system unlike west soviet_union cities direct link moscow united_states small cities today connected larger cities airports use larger airports connect passengers flight destination soviet_union essentially revolved moscow networking technique proved effective early 1980s experienced massive growth aviation market carried million passengers millions pounds cargo travel restrictions million passengers international travelers airline remained entirely domestic carrier getting freight people far remote cities built era prisoners remained charge non delivery transportation services ice patrol escorting ships frozen seas oil exploration power line surveillance transportation heavy lifting support construction projects nearly single non military airplane permitted fly soviet_union registered airframe suffered worst safety reputation worldwide industry recording incidents creation blamed engineers poorer reliability compared western counterparts boeing mid late 1980s domestic flights noted consistently experiences western soviet passengers airport passengers complained long waits poor indifferent service ticket offices poorly designed set waiting areas airport coupled inadequate food toilet facilities board passengers complained forced sit hot airplane air conditioning indifferent cabin crews time introduced reforms permitting free speech shown considerable growth air transportation accounted percent total passenger transportation turnover soviet_union air travel accounted continues growing today soviet_union broke new free market economy foreign permitted land russia split sectors including today airline bears company soon found way russian spotlight commenced operations russian aircraft operator receive boeing operated russian built rest fleet consists boeing types russian aviation originally operating soviet built currently fly boeing types followed suit beginning began taking deliveries uses boeing fleet primarily western routes encourage western passenger travel joined global airline alliance joined different global alliance soviet aviation industry shifted adapt modern western air travel inventive soviet style air transportation helped build russia industries widespread global influence today airports soviet_union airports paved surface 1980s airports having capacity problems example airport cope average passengers day airport built handle problem lack moscow main airport airport ussr fully pipeline network soviet_union height pipeline network kilometres crude oil kilometres natural gas soviet authorities began focusing national pipeline system 1970s soviet experienced fast growth 1970s late 1970s pipeline network largest world average moving distance oil natural gas increased sectors soviet economy bad maintenance led deterioration late 1980s maintenance half needed storage facilities inadequate handle growing soviet oil supply failures network 1980s common feature system oil pipeline oil fields increasing time high reached percent failure rate year better known northern lights line petroleum deposit brest polish border line running near hungarian borders export pipeline gas field world countries including austria italy west_germany france belgium netherlands millimeter export pipeline kilometers long crossed mountains rivers including don stations yearly capacity billion cubic meters natural gas rail network soviet_union non industrial railway network kilometres kilometres electrified quality rail transport continued deteriorate russian civil war soviet leadership claimed railways sustainable continued increase advocated rail transport felt increased investment established rail tracks solve ongoing congestion crisis majority agreed increasing investments clear consensus investments believed railways meantime advocated railways coupled based actual cost reduce traffic demand provide funds investment leadership unable reach conclusion rail system continued deteriorate resolution decided increased investments coupled introduction newer trains solve crisis resolution carried system continued deteriorate ordered solve railway crisis areas traveled areas second priority investing heavy traffic lines efficient areas rail network left problem facing rail transport massive efforts pushed authorities proved heavy burden railways admitted 18th party congress soviet government continued efforts better prepare future war germany reality soviet rail transport great patriotic war developed world surpassing world counterparts soviet railway system growing size rate year growth rail transport world countries decreasing steady growth rail transport explained country need extract natural resources located close siberia problems railways reported soviet press soviet_union controlling electrified railway systems time country later lifespan trains usually carried coal oil construction material stone cement sand timber oil oil products key reasons building railway infrastructure siberia place efficiency railways improved time 1980s performance superior united_states 1980s soviet railways world soviet citizens private transport difficult drive long distances poor conditions roads explanation soviet policy model created regime regime little interest rail transport form transport instead focused country investments rapid regime interested establishing new railway lines decided conserve later expand existing railways left deputy premier soviet_union noted speech soviet_union railway sector main negative sector economy industrial output declined demand transportation led decline freight transport return rail transit soviet rapid transit system seen quickest way urban transport eventually point acquired greater significance authorities resources automobile industry rapid transit sector save substantial volume country diesel petrol rapid transit system usually cheaper operate energy consuming soviet authorities managed construct rapid nationwide construction soviet_union collapsed stations construction country rapid transit system world road network soviet_union road network kilometres kilometres paved kilometres dirt roads road transport played minor role soviet economy compared domestic rail transport world road transport according historian road traffic goods passengers combined percent volume rail transport late existence soviet authorities emphasis road construction maintenance vital role road transport usually played regional economies ussr road transport vital importance agriculture mining construction industry played significant role urban economy road network problems meeting people demand problem soviet leadership publicly acknowledged resolution laid plan improvement planning organisation efficiency local road transport enterprises freight transport motor vehicles commonly called motor transport soviet authorities nature nation road network considerable significance certain areas economy 1980s million laborers employed transport sector million employed motor transport inter city freight transport remained soviet percent motor borne freight average developments blamed cost administrative road transport far rail transport average distance moved motor transport kilometres average railway transport ton ton water freight increase investment motor freight transport increase inter city transport volume road freight transport increased significantly motor transport cheaper flexible short distances defined rail transport soviet argued transferring million tons railways road transport save million road transport times expensive railway transport long distances starting points destinations deteriorating quality roads bad attendance ongoing growth road transport harder soviet authorities focus resources attendance maintenance projects transport freight road increased percent past thirty years growth hardcore surfaced roads grown percent growth motor vehicles increased percent 1980s hardcore surfaced roads increased percent soviet early mid-1980s said soviet_union percent world industrial output percent world quality roads eleventh year plan spanned rules called construction additional hardcore surfaced roads far adequate solving shortage planners needed build twice roads meet consumer demand obstacle year plans ussr later life rarely fulfilled economic roads paved shortage dirt roads created percent households owned car productions cars increased dramatically late 1970s ussr produced million vehicles government passed years later produced million vehicles bus transport small proportion population ussr owned cars widespread lack mode private transport soviet citizens travelled public transport relative shortage cars good quality roads soviet people travelled twice bus train rapid transit people world soviet bus transport history soviet_union controlled regional republican branches rail transit systems environmental consumed little fuel soviet planners concentrated efforts constructing electricity driven fuel consuming transport mid-1980s government initiated programme compressed gas energy buses percent buses gas energy percent diesel soviet bus enterprises ran deficit time history mid late 1980s water transport soviet_union kilometres coastline ships merchant marine marine industry control ussr merchant marine russian_empire concentrated investment constructing new facilities merchant marine policy continued ussr percent merchant ships foreign built merchant marine overlooked regime ussr traded neighbouring countries soviet trade later expanded neighbouring countries asia died successor started increase trade non communist countries continents policy merchant marine increased million early 1950s million reached million tons percent world total million tons moved soviet merchant marine million export import merchant marine outdated slower world attracted consistent volume cargo reason technological merchant marine world induced soviet shipping led soviet_union isolated international shipping industry skip important innovations shipping containers rule soviet_union largest buyer new ships world size navy soviet government advocated traditional freedoms sea soviet_union operated large merchant fleet ships types world second largest number ships seventh largest carrying capacity ports soviet_union major ports inland ports ports total ports considered major world standards 1980s majority soviet ports world high number surplus workers redundant ussr introduce new advanced technology northeast territories ussr ports closed cold climate | Transport in the Soviet Union | Engineering and technology | Transport | Transport by region |
27069_Fieldhockeypitch | field hockey pitch hockey pitch playing surface game field hockey historically game played natural turf grass predominantly played artificial turf transition artificial pitches came 1970s mandatory major competitions lines markings goal specifications outlined rules hockey line markings pitch form area define example ball line field play ball line penalty circle penalty circle foul committed metre yard line occurred metre area ball completely cross boundary line play ball wholly cross goal line goal scored original rules england standard dimensions hockey pitch originally expressed imperial units rules expressed explicitly metric dimensions use imperial terms remains common countries field play hockey pitch rectangular shape longer perimeter edges called line opposing shorter edges referred toe line portion goal posts known goal line line measure line measure minimum run different surface final metre line markings white millimetres wide corner pitch corner flag square attached post height historically pitch dimensions imperial replaced metric recorded rules represented london clubs time minutes stated pitches yards long yards wide rules specified yards long yards wide allowed width pitch yards decision reversed current width yards written rules artificial surfaces field play coloured green blue signal blue permitted run portion pitch alternative colour goal goals consist upright posts placed centre joined horizontal inner edges posts metres apart lower edge metres ground white rectangular shape width millimetres depth millimetres height millimetres extends width goal height extend goal deep ground level deep level boards posts net stop ball hockey goals feet tall posts placed yards apart reduced yards apart rules rule introduced penalty corners hit goal cross goal line higher inches saw introduction goals mandatory circle goal scored ball passes completely goal line ball played defensive offensive player penalty circle additionally circle marks area play ball body area infringement defender results penalty corner terminology circle widely area actually formed metre straight line parallel goal line connected metre quadrant arcs rules stated goals shall allowed ball hit distance yards nearest visible striking circle radius yards codified radius circle increased yards men hockey women hockey free hit circle taken circle broken circle penalty circle denotes location mandatory penalty spot centrally positioned directly goal penalty stroke spot diameter centre outside goal line penalty strokes introduced deliberately stopping certain goal originally taken yards goal stroke awarded deliberate foul circle spot moved yards goal following year markings half way line parallel line divides pitch start period play resumption play following goal starts players half defending line rule half pitch divided line referred metre line yard line positioned line historically resume play ball passed line marked flags pitch deliberate defensive offenses area resulted penalty corner players defensive team involved penalty corner stood line moved half way line years later line rule rule abolished detailed rules free hits metre region pitch metre line attacking team resume play gone line replaced long corners additional markings long perpendicular line denote distances goal post relevant penalty corner mark attacking team takes penalty corner closest position defender stand marks yards earlier versions rules similar mark line long corners formally taken mark line indicating level penalty circle long markings goal posts situated artificial playing surface historically game developed natural grass turf artificial pitches mandatory major competitions summer olympics montreal time players seen played synthetic pitches play natural turf national competitions international matches played artificial surface elite level competitions olympic games world cup require water based playing surface water conservation efforts seen long term sustainable option alternative elite surfaces require water researched main types artificial hockey surface water based artificial densely packed requires irrigation avoid pitch wear dressed sand dressed artificial densely packed sand supports pile depth filled sand filled artificial longer densely packed sand supports pile depth water based pitches shorter turf reduce friction increase speed game played pitches require game maintenance costs significant sand dressed pitches cost sand filled pitches hockey absence sand close playing surface multi purpose surface suitable sports including association football tennis required hockey predominant sport different specifications artificial turf including shock absorption surface rebound friction strength outlined recently longer pile generation pitches popular especially football usually meet test criteria inconsistent slow criticism magazine reported hockey tournament played artificial pitch trial event montreal prior olympics said surface enormous benefits sports_illustrated said slow game gave way nonstop true hop action stated decision artificial surfaces mandatory greatly favoured affluent western countries afford new pitches switch artificial surface indian men hockey team dominant winning seven olympic gold medals indian hockey player stated despite size india afford fields captain indian men hockey team said hockey players india play sic time age find hard adapt pakistan hockey team performed following change surface despite country worse economically having fewer artificial pitches describing change surface said india like starting nations field hockey | Field hockey pitch | Sports and recreation | Hockey | Field hockey |
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