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The increasing frequency and severity of drought and other climate shocks in the developing world’s great drylands threaten the livelihoods of hundreds of millions of poor food producers, driving many into chronic poverty. Although livestock are among the most important assets to poor households in the drylands, and their loss often traps families in long-lasting poverty, little systematic research has focused on interventions to support development of dryland pastoral systems.
Excluding Antarctica, rangelands make up about 70% of the Earth’s surface and Africa’s arid and semi-arid lands, which are used predominately for extensive livestock grazing, comprise nearly half of the continent’s land mass. Most of the Horn of Africa gravely afflicted by drought in 2011 is made up of the drier drylands (0–300 mm of rainfall a year), where livestock production dominates livelihoods.
Despite the recurring specter of drought and famine in the Horn of Africa, pastoral herding usually works well over the longer term, with nomadic farming, for example, about 20% more productive than ranching in terms of annual calf and milk production. The pastoral livestock sector is not only productive and critical to food security but also an optimal way to manage and maintain drylands and the livelihoods of those who live off them.
Livestock enterprises are not only a major source of income for people living in and off drylands, but also provide up to 50% of the agricultural gross domestic product of African countries and much of the meat and milk consumed in these countries: 90% of the meat consumed in East Africa, for example, comes from pastoral herds. Rangelands are productive—and potentially very productive. They are good filters of water, support much of the world’s remaining wildlife diversity and sequester carbon. Governments and donors looking for long-term solutions to drought-induced food insecurity should bear in mind that across much of the world’s vast drylands, herding rather than cropping is the only viable and sustainable form of food production possible.
Despite the productivity, and the great productive potential, of the world’s drylands, pastoralism is often still criticized as a backward mode of production that keeps people in poverty, degrades land and diminishes wildlife. Such views have tended to favour government policies that attempt to change viable pastoral production systems into inappropriate ranching or settled agriculture schemes.
Expert opinion agrees that the best way to tap into the potential of the drylands is to build on the foundation of their livestock economies rather than ignoring them or seeking to replace them. This will demand more judicious land-use policies, better roads, functioning livestock markets, and better access by pastoral communities to information and services, among other developments. Promising livestock options for dryland herders include support for migratory herding, pastoral insurance and payments for environmental services.
Discover more about this topic:
- News, updates, stories
- IBLI project
- Find out more on the ILRI website
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Most of us might be confused about the difference between a learning management system (LMS) and a learning content management system (LCMS). At first glance, these two solutions do look and sound very similar, but they actually provide very different functions at different stages of the learning process. If you’re looking for a solution, there are some key considerations that should be kept in mind when it comes to determining requirements, research vendors, and finding the best LMS or LCMS.
WHAT IS A LEARNING CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM?
An LCMS is an interface which is used to collaborate, create, and assemble the learning content from a central location. LCMS users, with an appropriate level of access, can edit and/or add content. It also allows the content to be available in whichever form you might want it; a PDF, print course, mobile app or website. These systems are very useful when it comes to managing versions of documents and pooling all the content related aspects.
LCMS are particularly used to link various components of the content. They provide the learner all the support required to create his own tailored learning path corresponding to their learning needs. This makes the LCMS more personalized, adaptive and helps learning become a reality.
WHAT IS A LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM?
A learning management system(LMS) is also an interface, but more robust than an LCMS. Rather than managing the content, an LMS is oriented to control and manage the training system. An LMS is a platform to host all types of eLearning courses, and track and monitor the learning of the users. Furthermore, it allows administrators or trainers to prepare reports, make assignments, and send reminders through a single platform.
An LMS is a delivery platform that allows the learners to read and interact with learning materials, courses and quizzes. It allows you to analyse what the learners are looking for, and helps you to create new learning material.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LCMS AND LMS
The primary difference between an LMS and LCMS is the target audience. An LMS is designed keeping the learner in mind; on the other hand a LCMS is designed primarily for content developers. Both these applications are significant in their own functionality. LCMS is an application where the learner can simply view documents, whereas an LMS allows the learners to interact with the learning data.
LMS is actually more like LCMS because it provides course authoring tools and some content management. LMS also offers all the functionality you need to deliver eLearning effortlessly and manage learner’s records automatically. LCMS mostly integrates content management products enabling the learners to reuse existing content and produce new learning content using the tools they already know, like Microsoft Office. Both LMS and LCMS applications can be cloud hosted so that you can focus more on the training and learning and not worry about the infrastructure.
While these systems have several similarities, they ultimately have different functions. You should know these systems to know which of its tools meet your demands and provide you the ability to manage and deliver content in a way best suited to you.
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From subreddit TaylorSwift
She’s always done stuff like this and been super into marketing her albums so not sure what changed for you. Maybe it was the 100 brand new songs she released for us in the last 3 years or something gee I dunno…Not sure why being savvy at marketing makes her a bad person or where she claimed we’d be bad people or fans if we didn’t buy every single album variant.
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With only a short window of time to gather data, multiple teams from Ocean Wise spent their summer in the Arctic for ongoing research. Studies included the distribution of microplastics in Arctic waters; tagging and tracking narwhals, Greenland sharks and other Arctic species; physical oceanography; research to monitor communication between mother beluga whales and their calves; and an underwater survey of Arctic marine species. Read on to find out more.
Aquablog post by Dr. Valeria Vergara, Ocean Wise Research Scientist
A bewildering array of sounds blasts through the speakers of our small research zodiac, but one call predominates, and it is unmistakable: the long, repetitive, maternal contact call that belugas produce when their calves are born, uttered in rapid, urgent succession. This allows calves to imprint on their mother’s contact call, as establishing an acoustic recognition system is paramount in a turbid underwater world where mothers and calves could easily lose sight of one another. After birthing their calves, belugas continue to produce this call type to rejoin their calves during temporary separations and in response to their calves’ calls. I had learned this some years ago at the Vancouver Aquarium, where I had the opportunity to study the vocalizations produced during three beluga births, to understand how beluga calves develop the rich repertoire of calls of this species.
Fast-forward to 2017. As a research scientist for Ocean Wise, a global conservation Organization headquartered at the Vancouver Aquarium, I have been generously supported by WWF this year to study, in collaboration with DFO, how we can use contact calls as indicators of behaviour, group composition and underwater noise disturbance. I am in the Churchill River Estuary, one of the three summering areas for the Western Hudson Bay beluga population, along with the Nelson and Seal river estuaries. This is one of seven distinct Canadian populations, identified as Special Concern by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) largely due to the lack of protection measures in place for their summer or winter habitats. On this particular day, July 11th, we made it up river to a small shallow bay known as “Mosquito Point” (and the mosquitos here are indeed a force to be reckoned with!), an area where, according to local knowledge, the whales birth their calves. A broadband, highly sensitive hydrophone is connected to a speaker. When I hear those characteristic and familiar maternal contact calls, I immediately think “NEWBORN!” We look around. The water is muddy, the colour of coffee, due to the floods earlier this year, so we could only see fleeting fragments of beluga behaviour, but the newborn calf is easy to spot: it is right by our research boat, alone. It is so small one could see its fetal folds, and it still has that smooth shiny skin and light brown coloration typical of neonates.
The maternal contact-calls persist, loud and insistent, for 4 minutes. Are we hearing the mother of this calf, calling it? The acoustic quality of the calls, and the fact that they are produced exactly at the time when we witness a calf separation, certainly seem to indicate this. A few minutes later the calf disappears from view, and the calls cease. We hope that the mother-calf pair is reunited. This is the beauty of understanding the communication system of a sound-centered species. The sounds begin to act as indicators of what we might otherwise miss, such as whether there is a neonate in a group.
The study of beluga communication is intimately related to the omnipresent issue of underwater noise in the oceans. Water transmits sound much more rapidly and efficiently than air. The levels of underwater human-generated noise have increased at a staggering rate over the last sixty years. For beluga whales and other cetaceans that rely on sound for every aspect of their lives (to navigate, to find food, to communicate, to keep their social groups together, to maintain contact with their young) underwater noise must feel much like a thick layer of fog – biologists like to call it “acoustic fog” – as sound to these animals is like vision to us. To exacerbate this problem, the Arctic sea ice has been shrinking in surface area, bringing about increased access, more shipping traffic, and with this, noise. Although the Western Hudson Bay beluga population is relatively healthy, this species’ high site fidelity to their summering estuaries makes them particularly vulnerable to any disturbances in those estuaries.
The increased access and traffic may affect the Churchill estuary and its belugas in the not so distant future, but not this year. The Port of Churchill, Canada’s only deep-sea Arctic port, has been partially closed since last summer – with only two ships coming into the port during the entire 3-week duration of my field season. And the railway is not working either, as a result of over 2 km of rail-line submerged due to the heavy floods this spring, adding further financial stress to the people of Churchill and significantly decreasing ecotourism (the bread and butter of the town), including whale-watching. With such an unusually quiet estuary, this is a baseline year for our study. It will allow us to understand how often belugas use contact calls in this particular estuary, what their acoustic parameters are, and how prevalent these calls are under various group compositions (for example, all-male groups vs. mother and calf groups). We can then compare these data to future, busier years.
“I have them right under me! I see no little ones!” – says Justine, thrilled, while taking a peek at the screen of her iPad. It is July 13th. She is describing a beluga group that our small drone is hovering over. Justine is a University of Manitoba student conducting a parallel study on cortisol levels in beluga snot from the same research zodiac, and she has received the appropriate training and permits from Transport Canada to operate the small drone for this project, as a bird’s eye view of the whales often provides more accuracy than eye-level observations. We soon learned, however, that Churchill has a reputation for being a “Bermuda triangle” for drones. Magnetic interference prevents GPS reliability in some Arctic and Sub-Arctic areas, including Churchill. This means drones have to be flown on manual, a much less stable mode that can only be accomplished on calm days, which were few and far between. The wind in the estuary can be fierce, often creating large waves that rock our small boat dangerously (we did have to leave the water on a couple of occasions!). Year after year I re-learn the same lesson about fieldwork: it rarely goes as planned! This aspect of the study, pairing acoustic sessions with droning sessions, has been a bit slower than we ambitiously envisioned. But occasionally the relentless wind dies down and we can fly, and these sessions are priceless. July 13th is one such session. A light breeze allows us to fly over a group of 10 animals that we have been recording from our drifting zodiac, thus confirming that these are all adults, possibly males. It is exactly the type of control session we hope to obtain (i.e. no young in the recorded group) to learn more about separating group-types acoustically. I cannot wait to analyze this recording in detail: I suspect that maternal contact calls, and the underdeveloped pulse-trains characteristic of calves (they sound as if someone was running a finger through a comb) will be absent, in contrast to recordings of female-calf groupings.
With every passing season studying beluga whales in various areas of Canada I gain further insight into the extraordinarily rich communication system and profound sociality of this species. Churchill has been a strong reminder about their curious, inquisitive nature. Where else could a researcher obtain beluga snot by simply suspending a long pole with a petri dish fastened to its end over a curious beluga and wait until the animal exhales into the petri dish, without the most minimal sign that the animal cared one bit about the procedure? Pairing Justine’s cortisol data with our acoustic data will offer another layer of understanding about this baseline year.
Many long hours (months!) of acoustic analysis await me after a season that came and went much too quickly. I will miss this sub-arctic corner of Canada where not only beluga whales but also another iconic Arctic marine mammal species, polar bears, are a nearly daily sight. When you are recording a beluga group feeding on capelin out on the bay and you look up…and there are five polar bears on shore amongst a seagull colony, well…you watch them! There is a surreal feel to listening to one species while watching the other. For a little while this is our world. Our zodiac rocking on the Hudson Bay waves, the bears, the belugas all around us, the seagulls, the Arctic terns dive-bombing the bears, the wind. Everything else (my constant worries about the state of this planet, about the impact of global warming on ecosystems the world over, about belugas having to scream at each other through deafening human-made noise) is momentarily forgotten, and I simply am.
We gratefully acknowledge the support of WWF-Canada.
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Slimicide or antislime agent is a substance which is used as antimicrobial agents to kill slime-producing microorganisms in the papermaking process such as bacteria, slime, fungi and algae. It helps reducing production costs due to occasional breaks and shuts which save energy and time. Since paper can be manufactured under acidic or alkaline conditions, a slimicide should ideally be able to function over a wide pH range and compatible with common papermaking additives. Some slimicides are effective only for alkaline system and some are equally effective for Acidic and Alkaline media.
Slimicides or antislime agent has anti action on slime. Slimicides can be liquid or powder. The chemical types of anti-slime agents are organic sulfur, bromium and quaternary ammonium compounds, as well as aldehydes.
Why slime is developing
In a paper mill industry water is used mostly in re-circulation process. Moreover different water-based chemicals and materials are added in this papermaking process to increase productivity and improve the quality of the finished paper. The environmental condition (temperature, pH etc) of this recirculating water is ideal for growth of many undesirable microorganisms such as bacteria, slime, fungi, algae, yeast and mold. Sometimes spots of aluminum hydroxide gel or other inorganic matter are mistakenly judged as slime spots.
Effects of slime on paper/paper machine
The growth of microorganisms in the papermaking process creates a number of process and paper quality problems. For example –
- Slime lumps create holes, spots and breaks in paper web. Hence decreases paper machine runnability. To improve paper machine runnability need to be system cleaning. As a result increase downtime and energy loss.
- Clogged piping
- spray nozzle blockages
- Reduction of drainage, thermal transfer efficiency and flow.
- Sticking of valves and fittings causing operational troubles.
- corrosion of equipment
- Offensive odors
- Quality deviation out of discoloration of finished paper sheet.
- Above all reduce paper quality and increase cost of production.
Benefits of slimicides/anti slime agent
- Check of bacteria, slime, fungi, algae, yeast and mold growth and fibre degradation.
- Decrease paper web breaks and improve paper machine runnability.
- Prevents clogged piping, blockages, corrosion of equipment.
- Improves drainage, thermal transfer efficiency and flow.
- Slimicides can be act as a biocide and strong oxidizer and remove unwanted smell.
- Improve paper quality and increase productivity.
Slimicide ought to be added to a paper making process where mixing is uniform such as broke chest, beaters, drop chest, head box, and especially in wire pit. For a good result from a slimicide correct dosage is also very important. A continuous addition is necessary with very dilute solution in the chest.
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When I think about Open Access, I think about it in terms of my teaching. As a librarian, teaching Information Literacy (the habits of mind to find, evaluate, and use information effectively and ethically) is a large part of what I, and my colleagues, do during a semester.
One aspect of the Association of College & Research Libraries’ “Framework for Information Literacy” (http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/ilframework), is Scholarship is a Conversation. And one of the Learning Outcomes University Library librarians have identified for this frame is that, upon graduation, students will be able to describe the ways that communication systems privilege some perspectives and present barriers to others.
Which brings me to the title of this post, information privilege. Because we are affiliated with an academic institution, we inherently have access to information, hidden behind a paywall, that others do not. I regularly teach this to seniors and graduate students who haven’t had to think about what they are losing access to until they have graduated and suddenly realize it is no longer available.
But in a larger sense, OA as pedagogy helps students understand that they have a voice in the Scholarly Conversation. That, if their work is Open Access, it can be viewed and critiqued by a wider audience. Their thesis or dissertation doesn’t just sit in a filing cabinet. It can inform thinking on a topic. That is a powerful message for students to learn.
I saw first-hand this power at a previous institution where I worked with a Political Science faculty member and a fellow librarian to develop a Wikipedia assignment. (My librarian colleague, Char Booth, wrote about the project in her blog, “Project Curve, Part Seven: Open Access Publishing for Learning Engagement (aka oa ftw),” April 26, 2012, https://infomational.wordpress.com/2012/04/26/oaftw/.) Groups of students wrote actual Wikipedia articles on topics related to the course. It was an amazing class which pushed students to new levels of research and pushed us as teachers. Because their work would be seen by the world, students stringently evaluated sources, and provided a staggering level of evidence to back up their claims. It was research in the real world, made possible by arguably the biggest Open Access project, Wikipedia. (See, Larry Gordan, “Wikipedia pops up in bibliographies, and even college curricula,” Los Angeles Times, June 14, 2014, http://www.latimes.com/local/education/la-me-wikipedia-20140615-story.html.)
Open Access can be a powerful pedagogical tool that also breaks down information silos and privilege. That is impressive and what teaching librarians at an educational institution are proud to do.
A shout out to the awesome Char Booth, who, years ago, was instrumental in opening my eyes to this issue. She has written and spoken about information privilege in multiple venues (See, for example, “On Information Privilege,” Info-mational, Dec 1, 2014, https://infomational.wordpress.com/2014/12/01/on-information-privilege/; “Information privilege and Wikipedia: a conversation with Char Booth (Part I), Wiki Edu, Feb, 2, 2015, https://wikiedu.org/blog/2015/02/02/char-booth-wikipedia-1/).
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Last Updated on June 30, 2022 by Ellis Gibson (B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering)
Do you have a 12V dry cell that you need to charge? If so, you need to be careful about how you go about charging it. Overcharging can damage the battery and cause it to catch fire. In this article, we’ll show you the right way to charge a 12V dry cell battery.
So, how to charge a dry cell battery?
To charge a 12V dry cell battery, you will need a charger that is specifically designed for that voltage. You should also make sure that the charger is rated for the capacity of your battery. Once you have the right charger, simply connect it to the battery and follow the instructions.
Let’s dig into it and see if we can get to the bottom of it.
Step By Step Process On: How To Charge A Dry Cell Battery?
Here I will explain you step by step process of how to charge a dry cell battery? let’s see how to charge a dry cell battery.
First, you’ll need a known good 12 volt battery. This can be any type of battery, including a dry cell battery.
Next, connect a set of jumper cables from the positive terminal of the known good battery to the positive terminal of the dry cell battery.
Then, connect the negative terminal of the known good battery to the negative terminal of the dry cell battery.
Finally, charge the dry cell battery from the known good battery using a battery charger.
If you wanted to watch a youtube video that shows you how to charge a dry cell battery? I have included a video below:
Can A Dry Cell Battery Be Recharged?
A dry cell battery is one that cannot be recharged and is also known as a primary battery. Rechargeable batteries are also known as secondary batteries and can be recharged a limited number of times. A primary or dry cell battery is a one that is designed to be used once and then discarded.
Dry cell batteries are made with a chemical reaction that produces an electrical current. This reaction is not reversible, so once the battery is depleted, it cannot be recharged. Dry cell batteries are typically made with a zinc anode and a carbon cathode, with an electrolyte in between. The electrolyte is usually an acidic solution, which reacts with the zinc to produce electrical current.
Dry cell batteries are used in a variety of devices, including flashlights, smoke detectors, and remote control toys. They are also used in some medical devices, such as heart pacemakers. While dry cell batteries cannot be recharged, they are still a popular choice for devices that only need short-term power because they are inexpensive and easy to find.
As well as that, A secondary or rechargeable battery is designed to be used multiple times.
How Do You Bring A Dry Cell Battery Back To Life?
If you have a dry cell battery that isn’t working, there are a few things you can do to try and bring it back to life. First, make sure the battery is properly seated in the device. If it’s not, try removing it and reinserting it. Next, check the terminals to see if they’re corroded. If they are, clean them with a wire brush or piece of sandpaper. Finally, try charging the battery for a few hours to see if that makes a difference. If none of these things work, unfortunately, the battery is probably dead and you’ll need to replace it.
How Do You Charge A Dry Cell At Home?
A dry cell is a type of battery that is commonly used in a variety of devices, from flashlights to cars. While it is possible to purchase a replacement dry cell from a store, it is also possible to charge a dry cell at home with a few simple steps.
First, you will need to gather a few supplies. You will need a charger that is designed for dry cells, a dry cell, and a power source. You can use a standard outlet or a car charger. Once you have these items, you will be ready to charge your dry cell.
Next, you will need to connect the charger to the dry cell. Make sure that the connection is secure and that the charger is properly plugged in.
Once the charger is connected, you will need to turn on the power source. If you are using an outlet, you will need to flip the switch to the ON position. If you are using a car charger, you will need to start the engine.
Finally, you will need to wait for the charger to indicate that the dry cell is fully charged. This process can take a few hours, so it is important to be patient. Once the charger indicates that the dry cell is fully charged, you can disconnect the charger and use the dry cell as needed.
Does Dry Battery Need Charging?
As a car owner, you don’t have to worry about recharging your battery anymore. Dry charged batteries are designed for use that does not require refilling. In terms of durability, dry charged batteries are easier to maintain than wet charged ones.
As well as that, A dry charged battery is a type of battery that does not require refilling. In terms of durability, dry charged batteries are easier to maintain than the wet charged ones.
How To Charge A 12V Dry Cell Battery?
Assuming you would like a blog titled “How to Charge a 12-volt Dry Cell Battery”:
“Dry cell batteries are the most common type of battery, and are often used in household items like flashlights and smoke detectors. They’re also used in a variety of industrial applications. While most dry cell batteries are disposable, some can be recharged and reused.
If you’re wondering how to charge a 12-volt dry cell battery, the process is actually quite simple. First, you’ll need to connect the positive terminal of the battery to the positive terminal of the charger. Then, connect the negative terminal of the battery to the negative terminal of the charger.
Once the battery is connected to the charger, simply turn on the charger and wait for the indicator light to turn green, which indicates that the battery is fully charged. Then, disconnect the battery from the charger and you’re all set!
Charging a 12-volt dry cell battery is a quick and easy process that anyone can do. Just be sure to follow the proper safety precautions when working with batteries and electrical equipment. And if you have any questions, be sure to consult a qualified professional.”
How Do You Use A Dry Cell Battery Trickle Charger?
A dry cell battery trickle charger is a device that can be used to charge a dry cell battery. It works by slowly and evenly supplying power to the battery, preventing it from becoming overcharged.
How To Charge A Dry Cell Motorcycle Battery?
If your motorcycle has a dry cell battery, you’ll need to know how to charge it properly. Here are some tips:
1. Make sure the battery is disconnected from the motorcycle before you start.
2. Use a battery charger specifically designed for dry cell batteries.
3. Follow the instructions that come with your charger.
4. Connect the charger to the battery.
5. Charge the battery until it is full.
6. Disconnect the charger from the battery.
7. Reconnect the battery to the motorcycle.
Can Dry Batteries Be Recharged?
is a question we get a lot here at Battery Junction. The answer, unfortunately, is no; dry batteries cannot be recharged.
Dry batteries, also called primary batteries, are single-use batteries that are not designed to be recharged. The chemical reaction inside the battery cannot be reversed, so once the battery is dead, it’s dead for good.
If you’re looking for a rechargeable battery option, you’ll want to check out our selection of lithium ion batteries. Lithium ion batteries can be recharged hundreds of times, making them a much more cost-effective and environmentally-friendly option in the long run.
Can A Dry Cell Car Battery Be Recharged?
Yes, a dry cell car battery can be recharged. However, it is important to note that a dry cell battery will only last for a certain number of recharge cycles before it needs to be replaced.
How Long Does A Dry Car Battery Last?
A dry car battery can last for a number of years, depending on a number of factors. The most important factor is how often you use your car. If you only use your car occasionally, then your battery will last much longer than if you use it every day. Another important factor is the weather. If you live in a hot climate, your battery will not last as long as if you live in a cold climate. Finally, the quality of your battery will also affect how long it lasts. A good quality battery will last longer than a cheap one.
How Can You Troubleshoot A Problem With Charging A Dry Cell Battery?
If your dry cell battery isn’t charging properly, there are a few things you can do to troubleshoot the problem. First, make sure that the battery is properly seated in the charger. If the battery is loose, it may not be making good contact with the charger and won’t charge properly. Second, check the charger to make sure it is working properly. If the charger is not working, the battery will not charge. Finally, make sure that the battery is not damaged. If the battery is damaged, it may not be able to hold a charge or may not charge at all.
What Are Some Things To Keep In Mind When Charging A Dry Cell Battery?
Dry cell batteries are becoming increasingly popular as a power source for a variety of devices and appliances. When charging a dry cell battery, there are a few things you should keep in mind in order to ensure optimal performance and safety.
First, it is important to use the proper charger for your specific battery. Using the wrong charger can damage the battery or cause it to overheat, which can be dangerous.
Second, be sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for charging the battery. Overcharging can damage the battery and shorten its lifespan.
Third, it is important to keep the battery cool while it is charging. The best way to do this is to charge it in a well-ventilated area.
Fourth, never leave a charging battery unattended. If there is a problem with the charging process, it is important to be there to shut it off immediately.
following these simple guidelines will help you get the most out of your dry cell battery and prevent any damage or accidents.
The correct way to charge a 12V dry cell battery is to first hook the positive lead of the charger to the positive terminal of the battery, and then hook the negative lead of the charger to the negative terminal of the battery. Once the charger is connected, the battery will begin charging. The charger will usually have a light that will turn on to indicate that the battery is charging. Once the battery is fully charged, the light will turn off.
How To Charge A Dry Cell Car Battery?
If your car has a dry cell battery, you’ll need to charge it regularly to keep it in good condition. Here’s how to do it:
First, make sure the battery is mounted securely in the car. Next, connect the positive terminal of the battery to the positive terminal of the charger, and the negative terminal of the battery to the negative terminal of the charger.
Now, turn on the charger and let it run until the battery is fully charged. Once the charging process is complete, disconnect the charger and store it in a safe place.
That’s all there is to it! Charging a dry cell battery is easy and only takes a few minutes. Just be sure to follow the above steps carefully to avoid damaging the battery.
Can A Dry Cell Car Battery Be Recharged?
This is a question that we get asked a lot, and the answer is usually yes! A dry cell car battery can be recharged, but there are a few things you need to keep in mind.
First, you need to make sure that the battery is truly dry. If there is any moisture present, it can cause the battery to short out or leak. To recharge a dry cell battery, simply hook it up to a charger and let it charge for a few hours.
Second, you need to be careful not to overcharge the battery. If you do, it can cause the battery to overheat and potentially catch fire. So, once the battery is fully charged, unplug it from the charger and store it in a safe place.
Third, if your battery is more than a few years old, it might not hold a charge as well as it used to. In this case, it might be time to replace the battery.
If you follow these simple tips, you should be able to recharge your dry cell car battery without any problems.
Can Wet Cell Batteries Be Recharged?
This is a common question that we get at Battery Creek. The answer is yes, but there are a few things you need to know in order to do it properly.
First, let’s talk about what a wet cell battery is. A wet cell battery is a type of lead acid battery that uses a liquid electrolyte instead of a dry one. The advantage of this design is that it allows the battery to have a higher capacity and discharge rate.
Now that we know what a wet cell battery is, let’s talk about how to recharge it. The first thing you need to do is make sure that the battery is completely discharged. If it’s not, you run the risk of overcharging the battery, which can damage it. Once the battery is discharged, you’ll need to connect it to a charger and let it charge for around 12 hours.
After the battery is fully charged, you’ll need to check the electrolyte level and top it off if necessary. You’ll also need to check the terminals and make sure they’re clean and free of corrosion.
If you follow these steps, you should be able to successfully recharge your wet cell battery.
Can Dry Cell Batteries Be Recycled?
Yes, dry cell batteries can be recycled. The recycling process begins by sorting batteries into chemistries. Collection centers place lead acid, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal-hydride and lithium ion into designated drums, sacks or boxes. The broken battery pieces are then placed into a vat, where the lead and heavy materials fall to the bottom and the plastic floats. At this point, the polypropylene pieces are scooped away and the liquids are drawn off, leaving the lead and heavy metals.
The lead and heavy metals are then placed in a furnace, where the temperature is increased until the metals melt. Once melted, a slag is formed on top of the metals. The slag is skimmed off and the metals are poured into molds to create new batteries.
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<filename>src/furink/posts/Post.ts
// Original file: proto/posts.proto
import type { Long } from "@grpc/proto-loader";
export interface Post {
id?: Buffer | Uint8Array | string;
title?: string;
body?: string;
author?: Buffer | Uint8Array | string;
createdAt?: number | string | Long;
updatedAt?: number | string | Long;
likes?: number;
reposts?: number;
comments?: number;
}
export interface Post__Output {
id: Buffer;
title: string;
body: string;
author: Buffer;
createdAt: string;
updatedAt: string;
likes: number;
reposts: number;
comments: number;
}
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Reddit r/StarWars
Ezra was one of tbe most promising and naturally talented padawans. With no training, he was able to understand the jedi holocron in ep 1 rebels. He was trained by a store brand jedi knight, was tempted to fall completely to the dark multiple times, and yet ended up incredibly powerful in the force (in his specializations) and still a Jedi. He had no hang ups on a code of some sort or a set of rules - he did what he thought was right, and changed that as he learned and grew.
If Ezra Bridger had been a youngling raised in the temple, and later a padawan and knight, he would have probably ended up grand master, or at least a very respected jedi master at that (and a unique one too… I don’t think force whale taming is a common talent).
Or perhaps his specific circumstances are what made him as powerful as he was.
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From subreddit thedivision:
Sorting modules hurts. A lot.
Looking at my modules, I'm highly confused:
Offensive Systems: Firearms - Crit. Damage 10.3%
Offensive Systems: Firearms - Headshot Damage 7.6%
Offensive Systems: Firearms - Crit Chance 5%
Offensive Systems: Firearms - Crit Damage 9.9%
The "Offensive System: Dexterity" and "Offensive Protocol: Critical" are in a similar confusing list.
Is it too much to ask to have module names actually reflecting what stat they affect and then be able to sort them in descending quality? I mean, seriously, how can anyone be comparing anything in this trainwreck of a list? And honestly, if I want to do spreadsheets, I'll just go back to EVE Online.
In most other aspects I'm enjoying the game a lot, but going into the modules menu fills me with fear and pain.
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const user = {id : 10, name:'Mustafa'};
const friends = [{id:11,name:"Mikail"},{id:12,name:'Sude'}, {id:13, name:'Şeyma'}];
const getUser = () =>{
return new Promise((resolve,reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve(user);
},500);
});
};
const getFriends = (userId) =>{
return new Promise((resolve,reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve(friends);
},1000);
});
};
//burada callback hell ile yapıyoruz asenkron işlemimizi burayı veritabanından veriyi çekiyormuşuz gibi düşünüyoruz...
//Ve biz daha kullanıcıyı çekmeden arkadaşları gelmemeli onun için bir asenkronluk yapmamız gerekiyor önce callback hell ile
//işlemi gerçekleştiriyoruz...
let userId;
getUser().then(function (user) {
userId = user.id;
getFriends(userId).then(function (friends) {
console.log("Bu çalışma callback hell ile yazılmıştır..");
console.log(user);
console.log(friends);
})
});
//Promise Chain
getUser()
.then((user) =>{
return user.id;
})
.then((userId) => {
getFriends(userId)
.then((friends)=>{
console.log("buradaki çalışma promise chain'e aittir.");
console.log(friends);
})
});
//yukarıdaki işlemin biraz daha sadeleştirilmiş hali :D
getUser()
.then((user) =>{
return getFriends(user.id);
})
.then((userId) => {
console.log("buradaki çalışma promise chain'in biraz sadeştirilmiş halidir.");
console.log(friends);
});
//bu işlemin gerçekleştirilmesi için bir fonksiyon scope'unda çalışmamız gerekiyor....
async function asenkronCalisma() {
try {
const user = await getUser();
const friends = await getFriends(user.id);
console.log("Bu işlem asenkron çalışmaya aittir...");
console.log(user, friends);
}catch (error) {
console.log(error);
}
}
asenkronCalisma();
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Calf dehydration: what are the signs? And how should producers administer therapy? A leading cattle vet shares his tips and pointers.
Scours remains a significant challenge to calf health, accounting for around 50% of all mortalities, and is the cause of huge financial losses to UK dairy businesses. Scours or diarrhoea are typically the result viral or bacterial infection, and sometimes parasites. But, irrespective of the cause, mortality in affected calves is typically the result of dehydration and electrolyte disturbances.
So says Westpoint Vet’s Tim Potter, stressing that this means the single most important part of any treatment programme for scours and diarrhoea is rehydration therapy.
Tim Potter from Westpoint Farm Vets
“Producers must first assess the degree of dehydration,” he says. “Diarrhoea results in excessive loss of electrolytes and fluid, via the faeces. The average faecal losses are around two litres per day, but can be as high as six litres. And if this fluid loss is not replaced, the calf will rapidly become dehydrated and the animal can become extremely sick very quickly.”
Dehydration is often expressed as a percentage of water loss relative to the animal’s total body weight. The higher the dehydration percentage, the more severe the symptoms. Dr Potter says dehydration can be estimated through visual assessment of scouring calves.
“Check their demeanour – how is the calf responding to feeding and stimulation? As dehydration becomes more severe, calves lose energy, grow lethargic and show signs of depression,” he says. Skin elasticity, often referred to as ‘skin tent time’, is a test producers can use to determine the level of dehydration. “Pinch a fold of skin on the side of the calf’s neck and rotate it 90 O. Let go and then time how long it takes for the skinfold to disappear. In a healthy and well-hydrated calf the skinfold will disappear in under a second.”
Sunken eyes can also be an early sign a calf is ill. This is best assessed by pulling down the lower eyelid and measuring the gap at the corner of the eye from the eyelid, according to Dr Potter. For calves that are less than 8% dehydrated, oral rehydration is typically sufficient. For severely dehydrated calves (greater than 8% dehydration) oral fluid therapy is unlikely to be enough. “In this instance, producers should call their vet to administer fluids intravenously,” stresses Dr Potter.
Oral electrolyte therapy can be administered either by a bottle fitted with a teat or by stomach tube. Absorption is slightly quicker following suckling, tubing is frequently used as it is less time consuming. “There are a large number of oral electrolyte products currently available and vary, considerably, in their constituent ingredients. Again, your vet will be able to offer advice on the best product to use,” says Dr Potter.
And he stresses it’s important not to underestimate how much fluid calves need to rehydrate. “Producers can use the percentage dehydration determined from examining the calf to roughly estimate the volume of fluids required, simply by multiplying this figure by the calf’s weight.
A 50kg calf, for example, which is 8% dehydrated needs 50 multiplied by 0.08 litres – four litres of fluid – to replace what it has lost. “And remember this should be on top of ongoing losses and what a calf requires for normal maintenance. So avoid trying to replace the deficit in a single electrolyte feed.
“The maximum amount of electrolyte producers should administer as a single feed is two litres, so it will usually be necessary to provide a scouring calf with additional electrolytes repeatedly for several days,” he adds.
And, typically, oral electrolytes should be fed as an extra meal to calves with diarrhoea. For example, where calves are fed twice a day (morning and evening), oral electrolytes can be fed as an additional feed in the middle of the day.
“There have been suggestions that continued milk feeding worsens diarrhoea and that treatment protocols should involve a period of ‘resting the gut’, during which milk is withheld,” says Dr Potter. “But research has shown that milk feeding does not worsen or prolong cases of diarrhoea, nor does it slow down the healing of the intestine. Studies have also shown that continuing to feed milk alongside electrolytes maintained growth and avoided the weight loss observed in calves only given electrolyte solutions.
“So it’s best to continue to feed milk as per the calf’s normal schedule and then add in additional electrolyte feeds.”
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This article has the following sections.
A Ritzian Interpretation of Variable Stars
Non-pulsating Cepheid Variables
Ritzian Gamma-Ray Bursts
Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays
Unsung Binaries and de Sitter's Whimsical Images?
GRB 790731 and omega Geminorum
Ritzian Gamma-Ray Bursts
(Alternate title: Stellar Gamma-ray Flashes)A continuation of
Renamed and updated on 17 Dec 2003. Latest revision 17 May 2013.
Latest changes or additions are in bold.
Key words: Gamma-ray Flash, Gamma-Ray Burst, stellar encounters, relativity tests.
If memory serves correctly, of the first 24 detections of Gamma-Ray Bursts
(GRBs), for which approximate directions to them could be established, 20
were daytime events. (It might have been 16 out of 20.) [Looking
for misplaced reference.] (A daytime event, as used here, means that
the angle between the line joining the center-of-the-Earth and the Sun, and
the line from the center-of-the-earth in the direction of a given GRB, is
90 degrees or less.) 83 percent of the detections were day-time events.
The purpose of the Vela satellites was to monitor worldwide compliance with
the 1963 nuclear test ban treaty. One doesn't conduct secret
atmospheric or outer-space nuclear tests at night, so, in the author's
opinion, the preponderance of daytime GRB detections was suggestive of an
experimental bias, i.e., we were looking most intently in the daytime.
Could it be that explosions were being sought, and explosions are what were
found? See: J. Bonnell's
A Brief History of the Discovery of Cosmic Gamma-Ray Bursts.
Using John Fox's extinction-limited version of Ritzian Electrodynamic Theory, the phenomena commonly called gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can be interpreted as the result of information arrival time squeezing for close encounters of non-intrinsically variable stars. The flash for a given star (at locations remote from the center-of-mass of the interacting bodies) should be in a fan-shaped zone (That's not stated correctly. See note below.*), which is oriented perpendicular to the component's plane of motion, and on the opposite side from perihelion. The flashes are not intrinsic to either (or any) of the stars involved. (In the local vicinity of the interacting stars [where the minimum separation between the stars is an appreciable fraction of the system-to-observer distance] there will be no flash or burst observed.) See the basic article for a description of the physical process being discussed. Where the stellar paths involved are highly elliptical orbits, Ritzian relativity can be used to explain repeating gamma-ray flashes or soft gamma repeaters (SGRs).
*Energy from any given GRB is not concentrated (or re-directed) in an angular sense. Ritzian GRBs result from time-wise concentrations of energy that would have reached a given point in any case.
Possible evidence for the hypothetical fan shaped zone, viewed from the side, may be seen in the Astronomy Picture of the Day for May 14, 2002, N44C: A Nebular Mystery. The accompanying text states, "One hypothesis is that the known central star has a neutron star companion in a very wide orbit. Hot X-rays might only then be emitted during brief periods when the neutron star nears the known star and crashes through a disk of surrounding gas." (The Ritzian hypothesis wouldn't require the crashing.)
Fox attributed the extinction process, described as follows, to Richard Tolman(1), however Tolman dealt strictly with the abrupt change in speed of light upon its reflection from a mirror. -- Electrical charges in an environment absorb and re-radiate electrodynamic information (presumably by Rayleigh scattering) in a manner that leads to the extinction of the original information and to its replacement with a replica which travels at the speed of light c (in vacuum) with respect to the re-emission sources in that environment. If the original information happened to be traveling at a speed different from the "local"c, the replica will, so to speak, have the difference stripped off.
Ritzian Gamma-Ray Bursts, as defined here, would constitute one phenomenological niche in the ever growing menagerie of variable stars. This article is an outgrowth of a way of thinking about variable stars, in general, posed by Vladimir Sekerin(2) in 1987.
The (remote) arrival-time information-compressions that accompany perihelion passages can produce short duration spikes of extremely high energies where the ... extinction distance is on the order of 0.5 to 0.7 times the Ritz/de Sitter c+v overtaking distance. (The extinction phenomenon fixes or freezes the c+v effects for distances greater than that for extinction.)
The following graph shows a close encounter of two stars which could lead to gamma ray flashes. Light curves for the blue component are shown for increasing distances from the encounter. For this example an ... extinction distance equal to 0.6 times the de Sitter overtaking distance is used. (For simplification we will specify that extinction occurs at the stated distance.)
The spectral intensity peak of an otherwise conventional star or white dwarf can be chirped (a rapid upshift - followed by a rapid downshift) from the visible or ultraviolet regimes to the X-ray or Gamma-ray regimes, and back. This is intended to explain the paucity of optical counterparts for the majority of Gamma-ray flashes/bursts. Spectral analysis of Gamma-ray burst after-glows are predicted to reveal blueshifted conventional stellar absorption and emission lines which are sliding back downward toward their normal spectral habitats. (By the time these are captured most of the down-sliding will have already taken place.)
Since binary star close encounters are hypothesized here, we should expect to occasionally see evidence of eclipses which block out portions of the burst/flash light curves. Some of these will occur in such a manner that a given burst will start, (creating the precursor) then be blanked by the eclipse, (the eclipsing star being of larger diameter than the burst source), followed by an extremely short rise-time to near peak activity (source pops back into view), followed by a normal peak and subsequent decay to the afterglow region. (Other eclipse effects, such as dips in the peaks should be expected too.) These kinds of things are in fact observed.
The following marked up BATSE graph(3) for GRB 910430 demonstrates hypothetical effects of a three body interaction, where M1, the primary, has a radius on the order of 2 -10 times that of M2. The far side passage of M2 (behind M1) provides the main part of the burst. A third body M3, is posited to be orbiting M1 in such a manner that its far side swings around M1 produce the thirteen-or-so fine-structure peaks, (marked with green asterisks on the graph). [Note that they continue, unabated, during the central lull of the main burst.] (The gravitational effect of M2 on M3 would be to perturb its orbit with respect to M1.)
The abrupt cessation of the fine-structure spikes (the suggested M3 effect) can be
interpreted as M3 having being flung out of orbit from around M1, or crashing
into either M1 or M2. [The preceding two paragraphs and graph have been modified based
on results obtained during computer modeling during June and July of 2004.]
The article A Strange Supernova with a Gamma-Ray Burst indicates a possible link between a Gamma-ray burst and the supernova SN 1998bw. According to the Ritzian hypothesis, the GRB could be the tip of the iceberg, so to speak, of the supernova. Emission and/or absorption lines for the fading SN 1998bw supernova should be checked to see whether or not they are sliding downward in frequency toward an unperturbed stellar spectrum.
For another event of this nature see: Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow: Supernova Connection Astronomy Picture of the day, 5 April 2002.
See also: Astronomers link X-ray flashes to gamma-ray bursts. These findings are very consistent with the Ritzian relativity model. That is, stars that are brightest in visible light can have their spectra time-squeezed briefly up into the UV and X-ray region. Stars brightest in UV and X-rays can have their spectra briefly squeezed upward into the Gamma ray region. There should be lots of room for spectral regime overlaps.
One might ask: What, in this case, is the difference between a burst and a flash? Could it turn
out that Gamma-ray Bursts are really Gamma-ray Flashes? What is there about GRBs that leads
incontrovertibly to the conclusion that explosions are involved? Is there anything
about the time-evolution of their spectra that points away from the idea of explosions?
(The delayed humps in afterglows might turn out to be Ritzian signatures of the
other star involved in a two-star encounter.) For a possible example, see:
X-ray afterglow observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts with Chandra and ASCA (Iron line diagnosis
in X-ray afterglows) [An expected iron K alpha line couldn't be found.]
Closed elliptical orbits of close binaries should produce repeating flashes such as the object now known as the Geminga soft gamma repeater. About 12 Gamma-ray repeaters have now been documented. (As of April 1999) See the Transient Outburst Summary in the BATSE Bright Source Monitor (Pulsed Sources) article.
In principle, any close encounter of two stellar objects (or of a star and, say, a Jupiter sized object) could produce a pulse or burst of light in the sense mentioned above. Even comets, (reflected light in their case) at perihelion passage, should not be ruled out as potential sources of flashes.
The extinction theorem predicts that higher frequencies have longer extinction lengths than lower frequencies. If this is true, then the Ritz-de Sitter hypothesis would predict situations where a binary with a single visible component might present itself as a single broad low-amplitude pulse at radio frequencies, (extinction distance less than Lo); as a sharp high-amplitude pulse at optical frequencies (extinction distance approximately equal to Lo) and as a double pulse (sharp exterior rise and fall times with an interior "saddle shaped" emission bridge ) in X-ray or Gamma-ray regimes (extinction length greater than Lo). [This paragraph may be biting off more than should be chewed. It may end up being deleted or seriously modified. RSF - 24 April 2002.]
Kenneth Brecher gave a talk on testing special relativity using Gamma Ray bursts at the April 2000 APS meeting in Long Beach California. He evaluated the expression c' = c + kv where k = 0 for special relativity and k = 1 for the Ritz ballistic hypothesis. He states "If the SR second postulate is invalid, photons emitted simultaneously towards an observer from a source at distance L, characterized by internal velocities v (both towards and away from the observer), will arrive at the observer as a pulse of finite width dt, implying a value of k = (c^2/2v)(dt/L)." He used v > 0.1c, dt = 1.0 msec and a cosmological distance of 10^28 cm for L (GRB to observer). For these values we get k = 10^-20. Brecher says "This represents, by a factor of 10^9, the most precise test of the second postulate of special relativity to date."
According to John Fox(4), ... source-to-extinction distance has to be used in calculations, such as in Brecher's special relativity test, rather than the source-to-observer distance. (For cosmological distances the former is generally very much shorter than the latter.) When we plug in the extinction distance, as estimated from the Crab pulsar light curve (see the main article) L=0.93*10^10cm, (which is approximately one fourth of the Earth-Moon distance) we arrive at a much fuzzier result for this SR test, i.e., k=1.6*10^-2.
The author has not checked on this yet, but if one or more GRBs become detected within the (line-of-sight) angular confines of, say, the Coal Sack or some other extended opaque dusty region in our galaxy then it would seem presumable that the source(s) of those gamma rays will be between us and the dust cloud.
With regard to the redshift information that seems to place GRBs at extreme distances, readers are enjoined to look over a rather sophomoric but sincere essay on an alternate take on redshift. See Cosmological Redshift.
See: 'Local' gamma ray bursts may solve a mystery or two" NASA-GSFC News Release, Posted Jan 22, 2002.
A section on cosmic ray showers, which was added here on 7 February 2002 and revised 24 April 2002, has been relocated (on 1 February 2003) to a new page called Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays.)
(Added 22 April 2002)
A scan for "gamma ray bursts" at the arXiv.org
website led to a 22 February 2000 abstract by Charles Dermer and Markus
Flash-Heating of Circumstellar Clouds by Gamma Ray Bursts. The search
for such a phenomenon might be considered as an experimentum crucis
for the Ritzian hypothesis versus the standard model.
(Added 24 April 2002.)
The ScienceNow article Fierce Flash, Strange Star summarizes a paper in the 9 July 2001 edition of Physical Review Letters (reference to follow) which describes two mysteriously bright gamma ray flashes, whose blasts failed to shred the source neutron stars. Based on these failures, it has been hypothesized that maybe the two objects involved were quark stars, which are thought to be much better glued together than neutron stars. The Ritzian interpretation of the events could be that no explosions occurred, and therefore no mystery. The word could is used here on purpose. Before Ritz can be cheered, it will be necessary to determine if binary encounters of some sort were involved in both flashes.
There is a report, on page 246 of the 20 April 2002 issue of Science News, which deals with NASA evidence which may further point to the possibility of strange stars with novel forms of matter. Pros and cons of the idea are discussed. In one case, a revised distance measurement to one of the stars in question is said to remove support for "an extremely soft equation of state." An abstract for the paper dealing with this latter claim can be found at arXiv.
Here are light curves for GRB 990123. According to NASA (See: Autopsy of an Explosion.) This was the first gamma-ray burst for which a concurrent prompt visible light curve was recorded.
GRB 990123 light curves from the Robotic Optical Transient Experiment
(ROTSE, purple) and the Burst And Transient Source Experiment (BATSE)
Image from NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
Note that the BATSE light curves are double peaked, whereas the ROTSE light curve seems to be single peaked. If the optical light curve is actually single peaked, then it could be considered as evidence in favor of Ritz's ballistic theory of light(6) as modified by Fox's extinction theorem(4). (Gamma-rays would have longer extinction lengths than visible light. The longer extinction lengths would allow Ritz's C+V effects to operate over a greater distance and produce the double peaks, whereas the shorter extinction length for visible light would tend to cut the process off at the single peak phase.) A word of caution. The time intervals between data points for the ROTSE curve do not permit the same time-wise resolution as those for the BATSE. [Added 09 Mar 2006.]
Astronomers link X-ray
flashes to gamma-ray bursts Los Alamos National Laboratory News Release -
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As global interdependence and the world food crisis continue to grow, so does the importance of land-grant institution involvement in international agriculture, said an expert from one of the country’s leading land-grant universities.
“For decades, land-grant universities have been helping poor and underdeveloped countries gain better food security and social stability by helping them improve their agriculture and agribusiness,” said Dr. Edwin Price, director of the Norman Borlaug Institute for International Agriculture, part of the Texas A&M System.
Land-grant institutions evolved from the U.S.government granting states federal lands, provided they establish a college or university offering programs related to agriculture, engineering, and family and consumer sciences in addition to more traditional curriculum.
Price said land-grant institutions, including Texas A&M, play a vital part in international agriculture through providing developing countries with technical assistance, educational outreach, improved technology and agricultural practices, scientific training and research, and hands-on instruction.
After more than a century of helping develop U.S. agriculture and elevate the educational level of rural Americans, land-grant universities began taking their expertise to other countries, mainly impoverished ones, Price said.
“A lot of that began in the ‘60s and ‘70s, when they began to establish agricultural universities in these countries and started to train their faculty," he said. "And land-grant institutions across the nation continue to encourage students, faculty, private individuals and other institutions to respond to opportunities in international agriculture."
The Borlaug Institute, for example, currently leads or has a significant role in international agriculture projects in Iraq, Rwanda, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Armenia, Guatemala, El Salvador and other countries, he said. Price noted the assistance of land-grant institutions in developing countries has been particularly important because the agriculture sector typically represents a significant portion of their overall economy.
“Not only is agriculture the primary or secondary economic generator in many countries, often half or more of their workforce is engaged in agricultural pursuits, usually at or just slightly above a subsistence level,” he said.
Price said the World Bank’s latest World Development Report put agriculture and the productivity of the small farmer firmly at the heart of the fight against global poverty.
“The report also stressed the importance of investing in research and agricultural infrastructure to help poor countries develop a sustainable agriculture,” he said. “This is what many land-grant colleges and universities in the U.S. have been doing – and will continue to do – to help feed the world.”
Price added that with the burgeoning world food crisis, land-grant institution involvement and leadership in international agricultural development will continue to grow in importance.
Dr. Norman Borlaug, the Nobel Peace Prize laureate and Congressional Gold Medal recipient for whom the Texas A&M institute is named, expressed a similar view in an opinion piece which appeared June 6 in the Wall Street Journal.
In the editorial, Borlaug and Peter McPherson, president of the National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges, lauded U.S. land-grant universities as “institutional marvels in agricultural science, teaching and the continuing education of farmers” in the U.S. and around the world.
Today, land-grant universities provide developing countries with a broader and more comprehensive understanding of agriculture, including production, processing, quality control and other “links in the food value-chain,” said Price.
Land-grant institutions also are the premiere trainers for efforts related to international agriculture, added Borlaug, who has been a distinguished professor at Texas A&M since 1984.
“The forgotten world is made up primarily of the developing nations, where most of the people, comprising more than 50 percent of the total world population, live in poverty, with hunger as a constant companion," Borlaug said. "Land-grant institute efforts are essential in helping the world achieve a more lasting food security.” Price said the institutions typically implement international agriculture programs directly or in partnership with leading development firms, non-governmental organizations, universities and international research centers.
"Land-grant universities also often work together in these endeavors,” he said. “They collaborate on research and share information and expertise toward reaching a common goal.”
Funding for international agriculture projects typically comes from governments, donor institutions and the private sector, Price said. Many Borlaug Institute projects have been funded through the U.S. Agency for International Development or the U.S. Department of Agriculture and its Foreign Agriculture Service.
“With such funding, land-grant institutions have been successful in helping other developing nations improve the quality and quantity of their agricultural products,” he said. “But in the future we will need to place more emphasis on helping develop agricultural leadership and the institutions which support and sustain agricultural development.”
International agriculture efforts through the Borlaug Institute include:
RWANDA – Since 2001 the Texas A&M System has helped rebuild Rwandan agriculture, particularly its coffee industry. As the lead institution of a U.S. Agency for International Development-funded SPREAD project, the Borlaug Institute has been instrumental in helping improve the income and quality of life for Rwandan farmers. Along with coffee, the institute is helping Rwandan farmers develop, process and market other “high value” crops, including chili peppers and cassava.
IRAQ – The Texas A&M System has been involved in agricultural reconstruction in Iraq since 2003. Through USDA-funded projects, Texas A&M has provided crucial support through expertise, research, technology and training to Iraqi farmers. Efforts have helped Iraqis successfully grow crops in arid regions through better water management and irrigation. Other activities include assistance with livestock production, animal health, private sector development and agricultural market development.
GUATEMALA – In 2005 the Texas A&M System began work on the USDA-funded Food for Progress program in Guatemala, and a second program was recently awarded. Efforts focus on improving horticulture and food processing, teaching improved agricultural practices, providing hands-on education and developing new agriculture- related businesses. Thousands of Guatemalans, mostly indigenous Mayan peoples, have benefited from this program.
INDONESIA – Since 2005 Texas A&M has worked on a USDA-funded project in conjunction with the Institut Pertanian Bogor (Bogor Agricultural University) in Indonesia to improve food-related health. Part of the project focuses mainly on food science education, agricultural faculty development and research, and assistance to larger agriculture-based businesses. Another part of the project focuses on assisting small- and medium-sized food-based business enterprises by providing low-interest micro-credit loans and free on-site technical training on topics such as food safety and food processing and marketing. For more information on the Borlaug Institute and its international agriculture programs, go to: http://borlaug.tamu.edu.
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New Study Highlights Role of TET Proteins in Blood Cancers
Some proteins drive the cellular overgrowth that leads to cancer, while others act as cancer suppressors. TET1 and TET2 do both. Research led by scientists at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine has uncovered the role these proteins play in cancer development, potentially leading to new treatments.
TET proteins are enzymes with a highly specific role — demethylating DNA. This is important because DNA methylation shuts down gene activity; it frees genes to express themselves, produce RNA and ultimately proteins. Gene expression can be good or bad, depending on the gene and the situation.
The TET family of proteins was discovered only a few years ago and, ever since, scientists have been trying to figure out what they do under different conditions. For example, in normal cells, TET2 is a tumor suppressor.
“TET2 acts as a brake on overgrowth,” said Mingjiang Xu, M.D., Ph.D., researcher at Sylvester and associate professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at the Miller School of Medicine. “If you lose TET2, blood stem cells can self-renew and proliferate faster. It’s one of the most common mutations in blood cancers.”
In November 2015, Xu and colleagues published a paper in the prestigious journal Cell Reports about the different roles TETs 1 and 2 play in cancer development in animal models, uncovering a complicated path.
The research team focused on two forms of blood cancer — myeloid, which starts in bone marrow, and lymphoid, which originates in the lymphatic system. TET proteins play important roles in both cancer types, but in completely different ways. For example, losing TET2 can lead to myeloid cancer. However, animals that also lost TET1 were spared.
“Now we know that having TET1 is essential for TET2 loss to initiate myeloid cancer,” said Xu. “Losing both can prevent myeloid cancer.”
That is good news, but it’s a double-edged sword. While protected from myeloid cancer, animals that lost both TET proteins were at much greater risk for lymphoid cancer.
TET1 and TET2 have overlapping responsibilities, demethylating some of the same genes and allowing them to express accordingly. But each protein has its own individual responsibilities, demethylating separate genes, which is why the relationship can be so complicated.
Now that scientists have a much better understanding of these two proteins, they can leverage that information to develop more targeted cancer treatments.
“A TET1 inhibitor could be used to treat myeloid cancer,” said Xu. “At present, we really have no effective treatment.”
Scientists face a complex relationship. Suppressing TET1 could fight myeloid but, as noted above, suppressing both proteins could cause lymphoid cancer. In addition, if doctors increase levels of TET1, but leave TET2 alone, they could have a cancer-preventing effect for lymphoid cancer.
In other words, to take advantage of the TET family’s relationship with cancer, researchers must develop finely tuned agents that precisely target TET1 — to either increase or decrease it, depending on the cancer — without affecting TET2.
“These findings are promising, but we need to hit the right target,” said Xu. “It will probably require some form of nanotechnology to guide the inhibitor exactly where we want it. It needs to be TET1-specific.”
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"Europejski Fundusz Rolny na rzecz Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich: Europa inwestująca w obszary wiejskie".
Strona współfinansowana ze środków Unii Europejskiej w ramach osi 4 -LEADER Programu Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich na lata 2007-2013.
Informacje opracowane przez Gminę Miedźno.
Instytucja Zarządzająca Programem Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich na lata 2007-2013: Minister Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi.
responsywna strona gminy dostępna także na urządzeniach mobilnych: telefonach, smartfonach i tabletach.
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Author: Mortimer Adler and Charles Van Doren.
This was one of the first books that I read after putting together my reading list. I figured that if I am going to spend the next year reading a bunch of books that I should figure out how to get the most out of them.
What is Active Reading?
This is what the authors describe as participating in reading and getting more out of it. If you are actively reading then you will be engaged with the book, you will catch more allowing you to understand the complexities in the book that you are reading.
The Art of Reading: The process whereby a mind passes from understanding less to understanding more with no outside help. They discuss two different ways or reasons for reading. The first is Reading for Information, this increases our store of information. An example of this type of reading would be the news. The second type of reading is reading for understanding; which becomes a communication between reader and writer. In this type of reading the writer knows more about the subject than the reader.
The Four Levels of Learning
Level One: Elementary Reading.
This is the simplest way to read a book. According to the authors this is how most people read today.
Level Two: Inspectional Reading.
The aim here is to get the most out of the book in a short amount of time or a given amount of time. This is also referred to as skimming or speed reading. They call it Skimming Systematically, you look at the structure of the book, the parts. Read the index of the book and what you think are the most important chapters of the book. Never read more than two consecutive pages. Make sure to read the last page or couple paragraphs of the book. Authors like to summarize their stance in the final paragraphs of the book.
Level Three: Analytical Reading
This is the best and most complete reading of the book that you are capable of given unlimited time.
Level Four: Syntopical Reading
This is the most complex and systematic type of reading of all. At this level, the reader reads many books about the subject. Then places them in relation to one another and to a subject. In syntopical reading, the reader is able to construct an analysis of the subject that may not be in any of the books.
How to do the Inspectional Reading
- Look at the title page and preface if the book has one. This will give you a good idea of the subject.
- Study the table of contents. This is often overlooked and many authors spend a considerable amount of time creating their table of contents.
- Check the Index. Look at the number of times terms are used. You see terms listed that seem crucial, you can also look up some of the passages cited. These passages might contain the crux of the book. There might be a new departure which is the key to the author’s approach and attitude.
- Read the Publisher’s blurb on the back since many authors write these themselves and sometimes they summarize the main point of the book in these blurbs.
- Look at the Chapters that Seem Pivotal to its Argument. If these chapters have summary statements in their opening or closing pages, read these carefully.
- Read a Bit Here and There. Turn the pages, stopping here and there to read a paragraph or two, up to a couple of pages in sequence but never more. As you thumb through the book, be on the lookout for signs of the argument. Especially, make sure to read the last two to three pages of the book.
If you are reading a book that is difficult for you then you should read it all the way through without stopping to look up words or think about any of the concepts that you do not understand right away.
Adler and Mortimer talk about reading speed, this is something that I have struggled with. If you read any productivity books or blogs almost all of them at some point advise everyone to talk a speed reading course. Their thought process is reduced to a mathematical equation.
Example, if you spend five hours a day reading and you read at 300 words per minute or 90,000 words in five hours. Then logically speaking, if your reading speed is 1,200 words per minute you can get the previous five hours of work finished in just over an hour.
What I never really thought about until I read this book, is that a ‘good reading speed’ is not just faster. Adler and Mortimer discuss reading speed and the quality of books. A reader is wasting time if they read a book slowly that deserves to be read fast.
‘Many books are hardly worth even skimming; some should be read quickly; and a few should be read at a rate, usually quite slow, that allows for complete comprehension.
How to Read a Book
Fixations and Regressions
The primary task of most speed reading courses is to fix the fixations and regressions that slow so many readers. This is something that I have noticed as I have started to read more, I would read an entire paragraph and realize that the entire time I was thinking about something else. This effected me in college, although looking back I had very poor study habits. I would study all week and then when it came time to take a test, I could remember the page with the information all of the photos on the page and then everything that was happening in the room at the time I was studying the page.
Reading Faster & Comprehension
To read faster you place your finger on the text of book and sweep you finger across the line a little faster than is comfortable for your eyes. Then you just keep practicing this increasing the speed. With practice you can double, even triple your reading speed.
In addition to your hand increasing your reading rate, your finger will also help you concentrate on what you are reading. When done right, this will make you an active reader.
Using this technique has definitely helped me. I use to fall asleep when I was reading, which I usually blamed on the book not being interesting. I look back now and see that I was not reading actively and that was the reason. Since, I started marking up the book and practicing active reading I think that I understand more and I have not fallen asleep once.
How to be a Demanding Reader
They talk a lot about being an active reader and the benefits of reading like this. They spend a number of pages discussing the four basic questions that make up the essence of active reading.
1. What is the book about as a whole?
You want to discover the main theme of the book and how the author develops this theme.
2. What is being said in detail, and how?
Try to discover the main ideas, assertions, and arguments that constitute the author’s particular message.
3. Is the book true, in whole or in part?
If you are reading seriously then you need to make up your mind on whether what the author is talking about is true or not.
4. What of it?
You must ask yourself about the significance of the information that you got from this book. Why does the author think it is important to know these things? Is it important? What else follows, what is further implied or suggested?
- Vertical lines in the margin
- Star/Asterisk in the margin
- Numbers in the margin
- Number of other pages in the margin
- Circling keywords or phrases
- Writing in the margin
What is the author’s problem? The author starts a book with a question or set of questions.
Find the most important words in the book and through them, you can come to terms with the author. Next, mark the most important sentences in a book and discover the propositions they contain. From here you can locate or construct the basic arguments in the book by finding them in the connection of the sentences.
Finding Key Sentences
In most books that you read you will understand most sentences with little difficulty. “The sentences important to you are those that require an effort of interpretation because at first sight they are not perfectly intelligible.”
These are the sentences that you are going to want to pay attention to. While they might not be the most important sentences for the author, but to you they might be since you are likely to have the greatest difficulty with the most important things that the author has to say.
Another way to spot the key sentences is that they are probably composed of the important words that you have marked.
You must discover the proposition or propositions that each of the sentences contains or you must know what the sentences mean.
State in Your Own Words
The best test for telling that we know something and have understood the proposition(s) is to state this in your own words. If you cannot get away from the authors words, then it shows that only words have passed to you and thought or knowledge.
Find out what the author’s solutions are
Once you have gotten to this point, you have followed the author along their journey. If you have chosen a book that is above your comprehension then you have come along way. You must complete up to this point before you can begin to argue with the author and complete the second stage of analytical reading.
Second Stage of Analytical Reading
- Come to terms with the author by interpreting their words.
- By dealing with the most important sentences you can grasp the authors prepositions.
- Know the author’s arguments.
- Determine whether the author’s problem has been solved.
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On Monday, federal and state officials joined with California-American Water Co. (CALAM) in signing a declaration to cooperate on removal of the San Clemente Dam on the Carmel River in Monterey County. The Planning and Conservation League Foundation was also on hand, having worked for the last decade to help the parties reach this historic milestone. As Michael Chrisman, Secretary of the California Natural Resources Agency, noted at the ceremony, “projects like this are all about partnerships.”
The 106-foot tall dam, built in 1921, is nearly filled to the brim with silt. The structure is also seismically unsafe, jeopardizing downstream residents. Removal of the dam would provide access to one of the top steelhead streams on California’s Central Coast.
“Dam removal will help us improve river habitat and comply with a directive from the Department of Safety of Dams,” said CALAM President Rob MacLean. “We’ve altered our operations over time to minimize impacts to the river and the dam no longer serves its original purpose as a water storage facility for our customers. Instead, its removal provides an opportunity to work in partnership with natural resource agencies toward protection of the river and its habitat.”
MacLean says demolition work could begin in 2013, with the project completed by 2016.
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AMYLOID deposits are found in the skin in many diverse and unrelated conditions. The skin is rarely involved in the secondary systemic amyloidosis following chronic wasting diseases, but more often accompanies primary systemic amyloidosis with macroglossia. These comparatively rare conditions apparently have no connection with each other nor with the common localized amyloidosis cutis with which we are concerned in this report.
First described as amyloidosis cutis nodularis et disseminata by Gutmann1 in 1928 and as lichen amyloidosis by Freudenthal2 in 1930, this disease has been the subject of many reports in this country and abroad. Several varieties have been reported. In all these cases the lichenoid character of the primary lesion has been emphasized. This primary lesion has been described by Andrews3 as a "small brownish, and slightly scaly papule which seems to be translucent and simulates a vesicle, but the fully developed papules are
PALITZ LL, PECK S. AMYLOIDOSIS CUTIS: A MACULAR VARIANT. AMA Arch Derm Syphilol. 1952;65(4):451–457. doi:10.1001/archderm.1952.01530230075007
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Hovenier in Assen - Hoveniersbedrijf Marco Bakker
Bent u op zoek naar een hovenier in Assen? Wij zijn al meer dan 15 jaar actief in de stad. Onze vakhoveniers kunnen u helpen met het tuinonderhoud, het aanleggen van een nieuwe tuin, een tuinrenovatie en eigenlijk alle andere facetten die een hovenier kan bieden. We zijn gevestigd aan de Italiëlaan 15-17, wat ongeveer 15 minuten rijden is vanuit het centrum van Assen.
Duurzame, groene tuinen aanleggen en onderhouden. Daar ligt onze passie. Als ervaren hovenier onderscheiden we ons met maatwerk en kwaliteit. Iedere tuin moet perfect aansluiten op uw wensen en eisen. En daar denken we graag in mee. Het resultaat? Een droomtuin waarvan u jaren kunt genieten.
Wilt u weten wat we voor u kunnen betekenen? Vraag gerust een vrijblijvende offerte aan via het onderstaande contactformulieren. Onze hoveniers staan altijd voor u klaar. Of u nu in Assen woont of in de nabije omgeving.
Al meer dan 15 jaar hét hoveniersbedrijf in Assen
U kunt voor elke tuinwens terecht bij Hoveniersbedrijf Marco Bakker. Van simpel onderhoud tot het aanleggen van nieuwe tuinen:
Onze hoveniers in Assen staan voor u klaar
Elke tuin is maatwerk. Zeker als u een tuin heeft of laat aanleggen in het centrum van Assen. De kans is namelijk groot dat er gespeeld moet worden met het tuinoppervlakte. Elke meter telt! We komen graag bij u langs voor een kop koffie en indien gewenst maken we voor u een tuinontwerp, waarin alle besproken wensen en details, maar ook de tuinafmetingen, in staan beschreven.
Marco Bakker: Uw hovenier in Assen
Wilt u gebruik maken van onze diensten zoals het onderhouden of het renoveren van uw tuin? Onze vakhoveniers bespreken graag de mogelijkheden met u. Maak gerust gebruik van het contactformulier op deze pagina. Heeft u meerdere tuinvragen? Dan kunt u ons natuurlijk altijd bellen. Onze hoveniers komen graag bij u in Assen en omstreken langs.
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1. How did a six-year-old boy come to travel with Joana and her group in Section 1?
As Joana's group had walked past the forest, the boy wandered out of the forest alone and began to follow the group. When Joana asked him how old he was, he told her that he was six. He told her that he had been traveling with his Omi, but his grandmother did not wake up. So the boy traveled with the group after that.
2. In Section 1, what does Emilia see after the Russian soldier accosts her?
After the Russian soldier accosts Emilia, she stirs to see that the soldier is dead. In the corner she sees a young man dressed in civilian clothes. His shirt and coat are unfastened and reveal bloody and bruised skin. Emilia realizes that the young man killed the Russian and saved her.
This section contains 3,822 words
(approx. 13 pages at 300 words per page)
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In a previous Damn Cool Algorithms post, I talked about BK-trees, a clever indexing structure that makes it possible to search for fuzzy matches on a text string based on Levenshtein distance - or any other metric that obeys the triangle inequality. Today, I'm going to describe an alternative approach, which makes it possible to do fuzzy text search in a regular index: Levenshtein automata.
The basic insight behind Levenshtein automata is that it's possible to construct a Finite state automaton that recognizes exactly the set of strings within a given Levenshtein distance of a target word. We can then feed in any word, and the automaton will accept or reject it based on whether the Levenshtein distance to the target word is at most the distance specified when we constructed the automaton. Further, due to the nature of FSAs, it will do so in O(n) time with the length of the string being tested. Compare this to the standard Dynamic Programming Levenshtein algorithm, which takes O(mn) time, where m and n are the lengths of the two input words! It's thus immediately apparrent that Levenshtein automaton provide, at a minimum, a faster way for ...
Recently, we embarked upon an update of our 'media center' / 'home theater' setup. Our projector had reached the end of its 2000 hour bulb life, and since it was a cheap projector to start, a replacement bulb would've cost nearly as much as the projector itself did a couple of years ago. Also, it's become extremely unreliable - 9 times out of 10, pressing the power button results in a brief flash of light from the bulb, followed by nothing. Plus, we promised ourselves that when the bulb ran out, we'd buy an HD projector, as they ought to be affordable by then.
Well, that time has come, and we've done the upgrade. Since we were upgrading to HD, it seemed necessary to get an AV receiver that supports HDMI to replace our 2-channel amplifier and let us switch audio and video at the same time. And if we have that, we may as well get a blu-ray player, too - after all, they're pretty cheap now.
Here's our new setup:
Going by the letters, we have:
- Our HTPC media box (Existing)
- Netgear XAVB1004 powerline networking switch (Existing)
- Philips BD3000/05 Blu-ray player (New)
- Yamaha RX-V367 ...
Today's post is, by necessity, a brief one. I'm travelling to San Francisco for I/O at the moment, and my flight was delayed so much I missed my connection in Atlanta and had to stay the night; in fact, I'm writing and posting this from the plane, using the onboard WiFi!
In a previous post, I introduced a recipe for high concurrency counters, which used a technique that I believe deserves its own post, since it's a useful pattern on its own. That technique is what I'm calling "On-demand Cron Jobs"
It's not at all uncommon for apps to have a need to do periodic updates at intervals, where the individual updates are small, and may even shift in time. One example is deleting or modifying any entry that hasn't been modified in the last day. In apps that need to do this, it's not uncommon to see a cron job like the following:
cron: - description: Clean up old data url: /tasks/cleanup schedule: every 1 minute
This works, but it potentially consumes a significant amount of resources checking repeatedly if there's anything to clean up. Using the task queue ...
I've had an idea related to censorship resistant publishing kicking around in my head for some time now, and it seems like it's about time I got it written down somewhere, for consideration and criticism. Part of my motivation is that I'm intending to snatch some spare time while I'm on the plane to the US this weekend (to attend I/O) to have a go at implementing a basic version of it.
In a nutshell, I have a design for what I believe would be a fairly robust censorship resistant publishing system, based on a DHT, and integrating fully with the web. Content published using this system would be available in exactly the same fashion as a regular website, which strikes me as a major advantage over many other proposals for similar systems.
The system consists of several layers, which I'll tackle in order:
- Document storage and retrieval
- Name resolution for documents within a 'site'
- External access
- Name resolution for sites
Document storage and retrieval
The lowest level of the system is also the simplest: That of storing and retrieving documents. This layer of the system acts more or less exactly like a regular ...
Many an Android app requires a server backend of some sort, and what better choice than App Engine? It's free, reliable, and does everything you're likely to need in a backend. It has one other major advantage, too: It supports Google Account authentication, and nearly all Android users will already have a Google Account.
So given that we want a backend for our app, and given that we want to have user authentication, how do we go about this? We could prompt the user for their credentials, but that seems less than ideal: the Android device already has their credentials, and users may not trust us with them. Is there a way we can leverage an Android API to take care of authentication? It turns out there is.
Authentication with App Engine, regardless of where you're doing it, is a three-stage process:
- Obtain an authentication token. This can be done with ClientLogin for installed apps, for example, or with AuthSub for a webapp. When logging in directly to an application, this is the part of the login process where your user sees a Google signin screen.
- Take that authentication token, and use it to obtain an authentication ...
Recently, Matthew Blain, of the App Engine team, announced the prerelease of a new bulkloader. The new bulkloader uses yaml files for configuration, and takes a 'declarative' rather than procedural approach to configuration for downloading and uploading data. As a result, you don't have to understand Python in order to configure and use the new bulkloader, which is a significant advantage for users of the Java App Engine runtime.
There are, of course, many other significant improvements, including autogeneration of config files, a bulit in library of converters for common data types, support for input and output types other than CSV, and more. Today, we'll walk through basic usage of the new bulkloader, and demonstrate some of its features.
One of the most significant new features of the bulkloader is its support for autogenerating config files. It works like this: You point it at your production app, and it downloads the datastore stats, and uses them to generate a configuration file for you. You edit the configuration file to fill in a few missing fields and tidy it up, and presto, you have a working bulkloader configuration. Let's see how that works out when we ...
In a previous post, we discussed how Mapvelopes uses the ReportLab toolkit to dynamically generate PDFs. The other major component of Mapvelopes is its interaction with the various Google Maps APIs, and that's what we'll cover now.
The label "Google Maps API" actually covers a fairly broad set of separate APIs. The best known of them are the in-browser APIs, for embedding maps in webpages, and manipulating them. You've doubtless seen them used extensively around the web. Only slightly less well known is
never go against a Sicilian when death is on the line the Static Maps API and the Geocoding Web Service.
Geocoding Web Service
The Geocoding Web Service is pretty straightforward: You supply it with an address, and it supplies you with its latitude and longitude. It also provides a great deal of additional information, such as authoritative names for the various parts of the address, and a viewport that encompasses the geocoded location. Here's an example geocoding API request:
The last part of the path specifies the format - we're using JSON because it's simpler ...
This is the first of two posts covering the technologies used to implement the Mapvelopes app, an App Engine app that generates customized printable envelopes with the map to your recipient on them.
While HTML is the lingua-franca of the web, it's not the be all and end all. Sometimes, you need your webapp to generate something slightly different, and often, that something is a PDF. PDFs have the major advantage that they're designed for printing: pagination is built in, and the PDF defines the page size, so nothing about the layout is left to chance. When you need to provide something for the user to print, especially when it's complex, using a PDF can make the difference between okay output and really excellent output. Hit 'Print' in a Google Docs spreadsheet, and you'll see this in action.
PDF generation on App Engine is something that's been left largely up to individual users to figure out. Depending on your runtime - Java or Python - and your specific needs, it may be quite straightforward, or rather complicated. In particular, if you want to include images in your PDF, you're going to have to jump through some ...
Astute readers may recall that on monday I promised that today's post would be about providing user feedback on file uploads. It turns out, however, that I'm too clever for my own good: I thought I knew exactly how to handle this, but an unexpected roadblock has made things... problematic.
Not to worry, though! I have a way forward, it'll just take me a little longer than expected to put it together for your consumption. Your patience is appreciated.
In the meantime, I'd like to direct you to my latest post on the official App Engine blog, Easy Performance Profiling with AppStats.Older
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place in areas where student
integration was under way.
Hear from two African Americans who inaugurated teacher integration in Texas public schools:
Original Airdate: May 22 (2012)
This is Living Stories, featuring voices from the collections of the Baylor University Institute for Oral History. I'm Louis Mazé.
Among southern states, Texas was a leader in the desegregation of public education. In 1964, Texas accounted for approximately 60 percent of integrated school districts in the South.
Robert Lewis Gilbert was the first black teacher to be hired in a white school in Waco and describes taking on that position:
"Everybody was telling me before I went, Well, you know, white kids, you're going to really have to do something to teach them, you know. And—and there was a kind of a question in my mind as to whether or not I would be able to keep up with these kids if they were so smart. But after a few moments of observation during my student teaching, I detected that there were some—some geniuses, some average, and some mediocre whites just as there were blacks. And, boy, I said, ‘Well, you know, this is'—it dawned on me that, you know, people are people. And those kids, many of them, they'd looked for guidance toward knowledge, and they were looking for me to pour it out. And many people had me under the impression that I was to go there and these children were going to ask me certain questions and things that I wouldn't be able to answer them, and it would show me as inferior."
Maggie Washington pioneered teacher integration in the Midland Independent School District. She recalls the reactions from her new white co-workers:
"Even the custodian tried to give me a hard time. A lot of teachers were so disgruntled that they were working with a black teacher that they went to the principal. He was a Christian man. And he said, ‘Now, anybody who doesn't want to work with Maggie Washington, put your request for transfer on my desk.' So several of them put their request for transfer on his desk. And one man on my wing, he went to the principal and said, ‘I just want to know something. What criteria did you use to get Maggie Washington here?' And the principal told him; not only told him, he let him read it."
At a PTA meeting, that teacher made sure Washington spoke last:
"But, baby, I spoke. And I was talking about my favorite subject as related to everyday life. I brought it right on down front to them. When that meeting was over, the white parents just rushed up. Girl, you couldn't see me. And there was a—a teacher whose husband was there, and he was a doctor. He said, ‘Oh, put her on the air. She is good.' So the principal called me in the next morning and just fell out laughing. (laughter) He said, ‘You fixed them good.' I said, ‘I wasn't trying to. I just discussed social studies.'"
Washington also faced a challenge in winning over some of her students. She recalls an encounter with a girl in her fifth-grade class:
"I said, ‘Eldemina, what's wrong, honey?' ‘My mama doesn't like Negroes.' I said, ‘Oh, why?' She said, ‘She said they steal and fight.' I said, ‘Are those Negroes that live in Mexican town that—that's doing all that stealing and fighting?' ‘Oh, no ma'am.' (interviewee laughs) ‘Okay,' I said, ‘you tell your mother that.'"
The Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education is more than half a century behind us. But since then, de facto re-segregation has become a growing concern, especially in large cities in the Northeast and Midwest, where the most segregated schools today are located.
Living Stories is heard every Tuesday on 103 point 3 FM Waco, NPR. For more information about this program or the Institute for Oral History, visit baylor.edu/livingstories.
Search our collection of full transcripts available online.
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1099 Crusaders establish Christian rule in Jerusalem.
1187 Egypt conquers Jerusalem, Muslims control till end WWI.
1516 Ottoman Turks take Syria, Palestine and Egypt.
1922 League of Nations confirms British Mandate.
1947 British turns Palestine over to the United Nations.
1948 Israelis declare their independence as a nation. Nakba - 750,000 Palestinian refugees. Green line.
1967 6 Day War. Israel occupies Golan Heights, Gaza, Sinai, West Bank, including Jerusalem
1978 Camp David Accords are approved by Egypt and Israel.
1987 First Intifada. Hamas is established.
2000 Peace negotiations at Camp David break down. Ariel Sharon at Haram al Sharif. Second Intifada launched.
2002 Sharon confines Arafat to Ramallah office. Israel begins building Separation Barrier
2007 First Seraj Library established
September 2016 - by Laurie Salameh, Co-Director, Palestine
The political and economic situation remains very fragile. No progress on the peace process or the internal Palestinian-Palestinian reconciliation. With the most radical Israeli government in control, very little progress is foreseen in the near future. Sadly, whatever pressure is applied by the international community on Israel yields little in the way of tangible results. As the occupation tightens, the prospects for building a robust private sector, spurring economic growth and facing the future with optimism fade. Our only hope is working with the small communities in order to create a new reality on the ground that touches the lives of many Palestinian citizens living in rural Palestine and its refugee camps.
April 2016 - by Laurie Salameh, Co-Director, Palestine
The situation on the ground in Palestine continues to deteriorate. The hardship of the occupation is worsening. In the first three months of this year Israel demolished almost 600 structures, which is more than the entirety of the demolitions in 2015. Daily, we hear stories about children unable to reach their schools without being attacked by settlers or soldiers, or pregnant women waiting at checkpoints to give birth, only to be faced by a laughing soldier refusing her entry, or farmers watching their crops spoil because of refusal of access to their own land. We are all facing severe water shortages, as Israel allows water only once every week to two weeks in most parts of the WestBank. We wake up every morning to read the newspapers and hear the hatred and incitement spewing out of the mouths of Israeli politicians.
As a result of the hardship of the Occupation and the lack of hope among the younger generations here, we fear an increased risk of people resorting to violence. While the uncoordinated violence may not beckon a third intifada, most people are living in fear of the unknown future.
We each try to find hope and improve quality of life where we can. This is where Seraj shines the brightest. In the communities in which we have established libraries, we see library usage increasing rapidly, the number of volunteers increasing, and the quality and creativity of their programs improving significantly. In each library it is women who have taken the leadership role as they work to improve the quality of life of their community members. The fact remains, though, that our work is unsustainable in the absence of peace. We urge our friends and supporters to work harder than ever before for peace and justice here in Israel/Palestine.
Seraj Library Project
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Please answer the following question: - instrument is drums , harmonica , trombone - death place is montclair , california , u.s. - birth name is donald orlando bailey , sr. . - death date is 15 october 2013 - genre is jazz - birth date is 26 march 1933 - background is non_vocal_instrumentalist - label is blue note - birth place is philadelphia , pennsylvania , u.s. - associated acts is jimmy mcrae sarah vaughan smith hampton hawes blue mitchell jimmie rowles carmen - occupation is musician Given the details above, guess who could this information be about.
A:
donald bailey -lrb- musician -rrb-
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Reddit r/ApplyingToCollege:
I did it last year and it wasn't so bad. We all had our own rooms. The one, while I didn't mind him, always wanted me to drive him to buy weed. He was cool about me saying no. On the plus, he'd get hungry and buy me food if I drove because I was one of the 2 out of the 4 of us with a car. I had a pretty good experience though. Honestly, the only problem I had was my toilet paper would get stolen from the bathroom (we had 2 shared bathrooms and we'd have to supply things like toilet paper) and my food would sometimes disappear. Oh and someone thought it was a good idea to make eggs on my baking trays. No idea why. Ruined them.
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From reddit r/FortNiteBR
Junk might not be here
so as we all know as the seasons go by, a corner of the map changes and so does a historical place. season 5 took the southeast corner of moisty. season 7 took the southwest corner of flush factories. season 8 took the northeast corner of wailing. so im gonna take a lucky guess and say season 9 will be the end of the northwest corner of junk junction. so just putting this out now so you can possibly have your last days of landing there.
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Q: In this task, you are presented with a term, a question, and a yes/no answer. For context, the term is associated with a short description. Write the simple facts one needs to know in order to answer the given question. The facts should be easily found on the web (e.g. mentioned in a Wikipedia page)
[EX Q]: Term: Police officer, Description: warranted employee of a police force, Question: Does a Generation Y member satisfy NYPD police officer age requirement?, Answer:Yes
[EX A]: Fact1: The NYPD has a minimum age requirement of 21. Fact2: Members of Generation Y were born between 1980 and 1994.
[EX Q]: Term: Pokémon, Description: Japanese media franchise, Question: Can a Pokemon be held in the hand?, Answer:No
[EX A]: Fact1: Pokemon are digital. Fact2: Digital things can't be held.
[EX Q]: Term: Go (game), Description: Abstract strategy board game for two players, Question: Did origin dynasty of Go precede Jia Sidao?, Answer:Yes
[EX A]:
A: Fact1: Go is a strategy game that originated in the Zhou dynasty. Fact2: The Zhou dynasty lasted from 1046 BC – 256 BC. Fact3: Jia Sidao was a chancellor during the late Song dynasty. Fact4: The Song dynasty started in 960 AD and lasted until 1279 AD.
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Growing cannabis outdoors can be tricky because you must rely on the natural light cycle to support your plants’ growth. But the location of your garden or the local climate might not always allow your plants to go through their entire flowering cycle as intended. That’s where force-flowering can help you achieve a perfect harvest! Here’s how.
When Does Cannabis Flower Outdoors?
Photoperiod cannabis plants start to flower at the end of summer (following the summer solstice), once the days get shorter and the nights grow longer. Latitude obviously has a big impact on when weed flowers, as it correlates to the number of daylight hours in a particular region.
In general, however, cannabis plants will start flowering after the June solstice (June 20th or 21st, depending on the year) in the Northern Hemisphere and after the December solstice (December 20th or 21st) in the Southern Hemisphere. Keep in mind that the switch to bloom is a lot more gradual outdoors, as daylight hours decrease by a matter of minutes every day.
How Long Does the Flowering Stage Last?
How long a plant takes to flower outdoors varies depending on its genetics and its environment. In general, however, cannabis plants can be harvest-ready between September and November in the Northern Hemisphere and March–May in the Southern Hemisphere.
Why Would You Want to Force-Flower Cannabis?
When we think of outdoor growing, we tend to believe we have almost no control over the light cycle of our cannabis. But that doesn’t have to be the case. While there’s a certain beauty to letting nature run its course, sometimes a bit of human intervention can make the difference between an average harvest and a great one.
Benefits of Force-Flowering Outdoor Cannabis Plants
Here’s why you might want to consider forcing your outdoor plants to flower:
Areas far north or south of the equator tend to have long, harsh winters that set in a lot earlier than in other areas of the globe. If you’re growing outdoors in northern Europe or southern Argentina, for example, you may want to force your plants to flower a little early to avoid early winter frosts or rain destroying your harvest.
If you live along the equator, on the other hand, you may want to force-flower your outdoor plants to keep them from growing too large. Due to the long, consistent hours of sunlight these areas get all throughout the year, photoperiod strains growing close to the equator can take a long time to start flowering and, given enough space, can grow massive.
You don’t need to be living in Tierra del Fuego or Oslo to be intrigued by the idea of force-flowering your outdoor plants. In fact, a lot of outdoor growers opt to force their plants into bloom to produce multiple harvests throughout the year. Some experienced growers even produce perpetual harvests approximately every two weeks throughout the growing season.
When Can You Force-Flower Cannabis Outdoors?
If you live in a cool, temperate climate zone (like the UK, northern Europe, or far south in South America), you may face cold, damp autumns and early winters that overlap with the end of your plants’ bloom phase. To stop these conditions from jeopardising the quality and size of your harvest, we recommend forcing your outdoor plants to flower prematurely during mid-June or early July in the Northern Hemisphere and mid-January or early February in the Southern Hemisphere.
In the UK, for example, outdoor cannabis plants naturally won’t start flowering until September (approximately). In order to avoid the harsh rains and winds of autumn, we recommend outdoor growers in the UK force their plants into bloom as early as mid-June or early July. Given the cold spring in the region, you’ll likely also want to start your plants off indoors.
If you live close to the equator or in the tropics, on the other hand, you may be able to grow outdoors all year round. Given these conditions, you can essentially force your plants to flower whenever you like (local weather permitting, of course).
How to Force Cannabis Flowering Outdoors
The principle behind force-flowering outdoor plants is simple; just reduce the amount of light your plants get. How you choose to do this, however, depends on the number of plants you’re growing and the weather in your area.
If you’re growing a handful of plants on a balcony or terrace and don’t have extreme temperatures and harsh rains to worry about, a simple wooden or PVC frame fitted with a light-proof tarp might be all you need; simply pop your plants under the tarp at night and give them a full 12 hours of uninterrupted darkness to force them into bloom.
Alternatively, you could also move your plants into a garage, cellar, or shed at night; just remember that the area needs to be 100% light-proof for the plants to start flowering properly.
If you’re growing a lot of plants, you probably don’t want to lug them around every day. In this case, you may want to consider an automated tarp or roof above them. You can then use a timer to ensure your plants go undercover at the same time every day, without having to move them inside individually.
If the weather in your area isn’t so favourable during early autumn, you may want to invest in a small indoor grow tent complete with a light and fan. Once you’re happy with how your plants have vegged outdoors, bring them into the tent to finish them off without having to worry about the cold, rain, or wind.
When you move your plants undercover, one of the first things you’ll want to think about is air circulation. Stale, stagnant air can drive up the temperature and relative humidity around your plants, creating a breeding ground for pests, fungi, and bacterial pathogens. Whether you’re keeping them under a DIY frame with a tarp or in an indoor grow tent, make sure you have clean, fresh air circulating around the space to keep your plants healthy.
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XO Korea/xo city/scenario
We are developing a network-based simulation game in which a few participants work together to establish an XO City at any site they want. This is much like SimCity, but has some peculiar aspects too.
- it's network based; many participants will share and collaborate each other,
- simple and complex; it's for both beginner and professionals.
- real; the most prominent feature of XO City is that it's REAL.
- determine what kind of city to build and why; its population, social system, economic features, educational features, governmetnal types etc.
- select a site where XO City will be built on,
- design rough city landscape
- design roads, railways, electricity supply, water supply, waste water treatments etc.
- design facilities, vehicles, and tools etc. to be used in the City
- design each XO Building
- simulate city operation and get feedbacks
Determine City Type and its Rationale
It's the most difficult step in the entire city construciton processes. Game participants should have the shared vison of what they need and WHY.
A game is started by anyone who set the goals of city construction. Let's assume some children/students/citizens living in the Jejudo Island in Korea (South); A, B, C, and D. This is a game for all ages.
Citizen A want to start constructing a new city because she believes that the current city shape consumes too much energy and its social infrastructure also is inefficient for citizens to reach the productivity of Japan in a near future. After a while of research Activities on XO, she set a goal of Jeju's reaching the GNP of Japan in 10 years and surpassing it in 15 years. Currently, GNP of Japan and Jejudo,Korea is about USD $30,000 and $15,000 respectively.
In addition, she want to establish a brand new democracy; direct democracy without the intervention of brokers/middlemen called assembly. As she has two goals to achieve, she begins to write its concrete features and related implementation plan.
To reach the current GNP of Japan, it is necessary to reduce necessary expenses and increase revenues. She hopes a city; about 200,000 population with the features below.
These are some examples of expenses to be reduced.
- e-Government system with only a few governmental employees (50 or less); it will reduce governmental expenses (especially for ordinary expenses)
- eco-friendly society without any pollutions to be made; it will reduce expenses related to pollutants
- education system based on constructivism; it will reduce expenses related to maintaining too many teachers and schools
- medical facilities focusing on preventive medicine; it will reduce total medical expenses of the society
- direct democracy to eliminate intermediate brokers such as assemblymen
- automated logistics and transportation system; it will reduce logistics expenses
- wind power and solar power system; it will reduce overall energy expenses
She estimates that GNP of the XO City in Jejudo will increase about US$ 3,000~4,000 after restructuring intangible social system and additional US$3~4,000 through restricting tangible systems such as roads and buildings. After briefly writing major expense items to be reduced, she set research plans of each item.
Increasing income will be done primarily by using OEA.
- determine industries to be deployed in the city; major and minor ones. As its major industries, she set tourism industry utilizing the beautiful landscapes of Jejudo and R&D Complex for near nations such as China and Korea.
- set standardized working process for each industry in the city; she will obtain necessary modules from the Open Enterprise Architecture Object Warehouse. This will increase the productivity of each employee working in the city.
- without barriers between market and public sectors and among markets together; it will increase the productivity of each social sectors via free competition.
- Free Trade
Some Concrete Features of the City to be established
- buildings will be central part of the city; most activities of ordinary days will be done by in buildings. So, every building has a full features of a small society; houses, build-in food centers, medical centers, shops, health centers etc. Each building is expected to encompass about 1,000 residents.
- a few buildings (10 more or less) form a county. A district provides some community products and services similar to those of current counties, which a building can't afford to. A county will encompass about 10,000 residents. Each district has its own peculiar aspects such as focusing on agricultural or fishery works.
- a few counties (10~20) form a city. An XO City provides products and services which counties can't afford to.
- every building and every room is connected to each other via logistics system controlled by the central controller. Those logistics system will substitute human-based delivery services with automated tunnel-based one.
- each building will be power supplied by its own energy generation system mainly via wind power which is abundant in Jejudo.
- the main transportation system for both transportation and logistics is railway system controlled by the central controller.
- all vehicles are electric cars such as MIT stackable concept car
- all freights are conveyed via underground logistic systems
- all citizens use XO or its variations everyday and anywhere
- meals are provided by centralized food center in each building
Writing Implementation Plan
She decides to proceed this construction process in the manner as below
- posting her idea on the bulletin board of the game
- writing milestones and gaming rules
- setting game environment selected among available options such as using Google Earth or other 3D
- issuing tickets to be developed
Desiging the landscape of the city
First, she (maybe with fellow gamers) select a site to build the city. If it's in Jejudo, she need some satelite photos via such as using Google Earth,
Then, select sites for special purpose buildings such as cityhall, medical center, educational center, sports stadium, plans, harbors, water supply facilities, energy facilities, etc. considering the landscape of the city.
After determining sites for special purpose buildings, then select sites where ordinary buildings will be built on.
Of course, the process of selecting sites for various usages is done retroactively. For the case of A's city project, there is one more participant now, B, who is interested in logistics. He will design the entire logistics and transportation system of the city.
The picture left shows City Railway System, Roads,and Vehicles.
Desiging each building in the city
About 300 buildings in the city will be designed one by one. This work will be done by additional one game participants, C, who is interested in builing design.
Left are some works of C, buildings drawn for the city.
Making a Working Model
After developing an XO City, some cities will be made as mock-up working models and displayed in the Honorable Hall of XO City.
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This example illustrates the design and implementation of push-based flow systems via an assembly line applet that builds series of ``paintings'' in a style vaguely reminiscent of Piet Mondrian and Mark Rothko.
Box, where every
Boxhas a color and a size, can display itself when asked, and can be made to deeply clone (
duplicate) itself. The color mechanics are default-implemented. Others are left abstract, defined differently in different subclasses:
The overall theme of this example is to start off with sources that
produce simple basic boxes, and then push them through stages that
paint, join, flip, and embed them to form the
BasicBoxes are the raw material:
Two fancier kinds of boxes can be made by joining side-by-side two
existing boxes, adding a line-based border surrounding them. Joined
boxes can also flip themselves. All this can be done in either of two
ways, horizontally or vertically. The two resulting classes can be
made subclasses of
JoinedPair to allow sharing of some
JoinedPair.java HorizontallyJoinedPair.java VerticallyJoinedPair.java
The final kind of fancy box wraps one
Box within a border:
BasicBoxSource: Create a new
Painter: Change the color of any kind of
Flipper: Flip (up-down or left-right) a
HorizontalJoiner: Combine two
Boxesleft-right, creating a new composite.
VerticalJoiner: Combine two
Boxesup-down, creating a new composite.
Wrapper: Wrap a
Boxinside a border, creating a new composite.
Cloner: Make a copy of a
Box; pass the original to one successor, and the clone to another.
Alternator: Pass alternate inputs through to alternate successors.
Screener: Pass some kinds of
Boxesto one stage, and others to another.
Collector: Direct the results of two independent assembly lines to a single successor.
Flippers) change the states of their sources using methods supported by the represented objects themselves, and then pass them on to other stages. Others accept zero (
BasicBoxSource), one (
Wrapper) or two (
Joiners) incoming objects to create new kinds of Boxes. Both
Alternatorsare kinds of Splitters.
Collectorsand related stages come into play as utilities to help with some of the plumbing.
Since we are doing push-based flow, these interfaces mainly describe
put-style methods. In fact, we could just call them all
put, except that this doesn't work very well for Combiner
stages. For example, a
VerticalJoiner needs two put
methods, one supplying the top
Box, and one for the
Box. We could evade this by designing
Joiners to take alternate incoming Boxes as the tops and
bottoms, but this would make them harder to control. Instead, we'll
use the somewhat ugly but easily extensible names
putB, and so on:
We can make the ``B'' channels of
completely transparent to other stages by defining a simple Adapter
class that accepts a
putA but relays it to the intended
putB. This way, most stages can be built to
putA, without knowing or caring that it is being
fed into some successor's B channel:
And, while we are focused on interfaces and adapters, here is a
Runnable Adapter that helps perform any
putA in a new
More interesting sinks require more interesting code. For example, in the applet used to produce the image shown at the beginning of this section, the
Applet subclass itself was defined to
PushStage. It served as the ultimate sink by displaying the assembled objects.
DevNull, each stage has at least one successor. There are several implementation options, including:
Now we can build all sorts of useful classes that extend either of these base classes, simultaneously implementing any of the standard interfaces.
Wrapper stages apply to
any kind of
Flippers only make
JoinedPairs. If a
something other than a
JoinedPair, it will just pass it
through. In a more ``strongly typed'' version, we might instead choose
to drop boxes other than
JoinedPairs by sending them to
Collector, that accepts messages on either channel, and relays them on to a single successor:
We have two kinds of Combiners, horizontal and vertical
Joiners. As did the representation classes, the stage
classes share enough in common to build a common superclass. Joiner
stages block further inputs until they are able to combine one item
putB. This can be
implemented via the usual guard mechanics.
Joiner.java HorizontalJoiner.java VerticalJoiner.java
Alternators output alternate inputs on alternate channels.
Cloners multicast the same element to both successors:
Screener is a stage that directs all inputs obeying
some predicate to one channel, and all others to the other. We can
build a generic one by encapsulating the
check in an interface, and implementing it for example with a class
that makes sure that a
Box fits within a given
(symmetric, in this case) bound. The
BoxPredicate and uses it to direct outputs:
BoxPredicate.java MaxSizePredicate.java Screener.java
Here is a sample source, one that produces
random sizes. For convenience, it is also equipped with an autonomous
loop repeatedly invoking
start, interspersed with random
Here's a fragment of the flow used in the applet that produced the image displayed at the beginning of this section.
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If I collected a dime for each time I’ve seen or heard the word “carbohydrate” – or picked up a book on the subject, for that matter – I’d be a wealthy woman. And of course we’ve all heard the buzzwords: simple carb; complex carb; high carb; low carb; no carb. But do we really know what a carbohydrate is? And are carbs really as bad and fattening as we’re told they are?
In this article, I’ll make my best attempt to unveil the mystery of the carbohydrate – and why it’s gotten such a bad rap. After all, it’s the molecule both scientists and nutritionists know is the main source of the body’s energy.
First the boring stuff. The basic chemistry of a carbohydrate. I’ll keep it brief: Carbohydrates contain a carbon atom attached to water molecules. This is important because it’s the structure and size of a carbohydrate which influences the speed by which it’s converted into glucose (sugar) and then into energy.
Why Are Carbs Useful?
Before we take a look at the different “sizes” of carbohydrates, let’s look at why they are useful to us. Aside from supplying the body’s energy, carbs are also useful for the proper functioning of internal organs, as well as proper function of the muscles and nervous system. The most exciting feature of a carbohydrate, in this writer’s opinion, however, is its ability to aid in protein and fat metabolism. So as it turns out, when used wisely, carbohydrates are actually useful in burning fat.
The Three Principal Carbs Found In Foods:
Next let’s take a look at the three basic carbohydrates found in foods (Still boring but stay with me). They are: simple sugars, starches and fiber.
Simple Sugars come in two varieties. The monosaccharide (meaning one sugar) are quickly digested and almost immediately utilized by the body due to their “simple” structure (think fruits, fruit juices and honey).
The second, disaccharides, act in almost the same way and are one molecule larger. The disaccharides, however, tend to be more of the refined sugars are very sweet to taste (think white sugar, candy etc.)
The second basic type of carbs are the starches or what we would consider complex carbs (the polysaccharides): foods such as potatoes, wheat, rice, corn. These carbs are slow to break down and take some time to be converted into energy.
Finally, there’s the fibers (think bran). Fibers don’t have a lot of energetic value, however, they do lend some support to the body. Because they don’t add much sugar to the system, they make it further through the pipeline to help with intestinal function and elimination. Moreover, they reduce cholesterol and slow fat absorption.
Why Size Matters
The theory behind a low carbohydrate diets is, when the body consumes too many carbohydrates the excess will become stored by the body as fat. This is true.
When the body ingests a carbohydrate, it aims to convert it to glucose as soon as it can, so that it can be utilized by the body. If there is some excess, no problem, it will get stored as glycogen in the limited space of the muscles. The trouble arises, when the stores exceeded capacity: the remaining molecules are stored as fat in fat cells that can infinitely expand (horrors!).
Yet, what if there was a way to outsmart this system by using the different “sizes” of carbohydrate molecules to your advantage? What if you could keep the body burning carbs at a steady rate according to the speed of your metabolism and your activity level?
Enter the glycemic index. The glycemic index is a scale which tells you (on a food-by-food basis) the rate at which a carbohydrate is converted into glucose. The scale is calibrated by glucose itself (which is rated at 100). The higher the number the faster the conversion.
First used by diabetics to prevent flux in blood sugar, the glycemic index (GI) has become a popular way to get all the benefits of carbohydrates without the threat of fat storage.
Here’s what the scale looks like:
Low GI = 55 or less
Medium GI = 56 – 69
High GI = 70 or more
To see a chart with samples of some favorite foods visit: Advanced Turmeric
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(from r/pokemon)
Favorite: Definitely Unova Route 13. It's gorgeous, has lots of exploration and even a sidequest to do to get the TM for U-Turn, you have to explore to get into the Giant Chasm, and it features a good Pokemon selection, and the best single track in the entire series, [this](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iLq0cxprG1s). What's not to love?
Worst: Kalos Route 1
Literally no wild grass and you run on it for all of 10 seconds, once to Aquacorde and once back. There's nothing memorable about it at all.
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Take the elevator to the sixth floor at the University of Arizona Health Sciences. Turn right, go to the end of the hall, turn right again, and look for the picture of the snake.
When you reach the refrigerator-door-size photo of the rattler, you’ll know that you have arrived at the humble headquarters of the UA College of Medicine’s VIPER Institute. VIPER stands for Venom Immunochemistry, Pharmacology and Emergency Response.
Right around the corner from the institute, you’ll find Dr. Leslie Boyer in her office doing what she has been doing for years: working with colleagues from throughout the world to find new and better ways to diagnose and treat people who have been bitten or stung by snakes, spiders and scorpions.
"Arizona is absolutely special in terms of our experience with venomous creatures," Boyer says. "We have the highest per-capita rate of snakebites in the entire U.S. — and, in particular, rattlesnake bites, which are the worst kind."
Boyer, a UA physician and founding director of VIPER, recently has been fielding questions from the media, including The Washington Post, regarding the high cost of treating patients in the United States who have been bitten or stung by venomous creatures.
Initially, she wasn’t sure why the treatment of snakebite victims was so expensive — as high as $14,000 for a single vial of antivenom — and she decided to look into the matter.
Boyer and her VIPER colleagues collected data covering all aspects of treatment, beginning with research and development of antivenom through its manufacturing and finally to the hospital costs associated with its use. Then they analyzed the data.
As Boyer wrote in The American Journal of Medicine, the research found that most of the cost of treatment for venomous injuries stems from bureaucracy: the analysts, attorneys, consultants and business activities involved in drug development and clinical applications. Enormous hospital markups, especially for the uninsured, also add to patient bills, but that cost varies by hospital and insurer.
The cost of actually making the antivenom: about one-tenth of 1 percent of the total cost.
Boyer has dedicated much of her life to developing antivenom and treating patients who need it. In fact, she and her colleagues were heavily involved in the development of CroFab and Anavip, two snake antivenoms, as well as Anascorp, the first scorpion antivenom to receive marketing approval from the Food and Drug Administration.
Last week on Arizona Public Media's "Friday Business Report," David Rupkalvis, editor of Inside Tucson Business, called Boyer an unsung hero for the work she has done.
Boyer "has spent her whole life getting antivenom, creating antivenom, saving lives," Rupkalvis said.
"If someone gets bitten by a rattlesnake or (stung) by a scorpion, they go to the hospital," he said. "They don’t know there’s a doctor named Leslie Boyer at the University of Arizona that had something do with that, but they do know that they’re going to live to see tomorrow."
Boyer and her colleagues are studying new antivenom for coral-snake bites. She said she’s also looking beyond that.
"I would like to shift gears as my career winds down," she said, "and to get more involved in public policy and in assisting and facilitating the development of products not just for the U.S. but for Africa and for the whole world, so that the manufacturers can make enough profit to keep going but the patients can have a price that they can afford."
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Alice C. Linsley
The ancient biblical writers saw a binary pattern in the order of creation. Binary refers to perceived sets of opposites like dark-light; male-female; Creator-creature; life-death, etc. Not everything that we regard as opposites represents a binary set in the Biblical sense, however. Tall-short; hot-cold are relative to the person judging. At 5 feet 5 inches, I would be considered short by a Watusi warrior, but a Pygmy would consider me to be tall.
The difference between the binary view and dualism is significant. In dualism the entities in the set are regarded as equal. Think Ying-Yang. However, the biblical writers understood that one entity in the fixed binary set is superior in some way to the other. Males are larger and stronger than females. The Sun is greater than the moon. In Genesis we read that God created two great lights in the heavens: the greater (Sun) to rule the day and the lesser (moon) to rule the night. The superiority of the male and the Sun are not value judgments. These represent empirical observation of a universal pattern. The binary worldview is found throughout the Bible and is especially evident in Genesis. Sometimes the binary distinction is rather subtle and easy to miss. Consider, for example, the binary set of hot and cool encounters with God. Abraham was visited “in the heat of the day” by God in three Persons (Gen. 18:1). The binary opposite is “in the cool of the day”, the time of God’s visitation to Adam and Eve in Paradise (Gen. 3:8). We have encounters with God described as hot and cool. We must always pay attention to such distinctions. In the first God has come to punish Sodom and Gomorrah, and in the second God has come to enjoy fellowship with the Man and the Woman.
Men and women are ontologically equal in that they are both created in the image and likeness of the Creator. Nevertheless, it is universally observed that males are larger and stronger than females and that they naturally perform quite different tasks. The male-female binary set was employed by Paul in his exploration of the nature of the relationship between Christ and his Church. It is like the relationship of the sun and moon. In the ancient world the sun represented the masculine principle and the moon the feminine principle. These gender assignments are evident, for example, in Spanish - el sol and la luna, and in other languages that share a common proto-Afro-Asiatic system of roots. When Genesis 1 describes the sun as the greater light this pertains not only to its size, the strength of its light and the intensity of its heat. The reality is that it is the source of all light and warm. The moon merely reflects the light of the sun (refulgence). This is another way to describe the relationship between Christ and his Church. Paul says that he is exploring a mystery. Christ is the great light and source of life. His people reflect His light and life. Heaven is greater than earth. God is greater than humans. Were it not so, God could not stoop to save us. In emptying Himself (kenosis) Jesus Christ shows Himself to be the greater and the only one able too save. Without the binary view the Gospel would be meaningless. Christ's kenotic act would be senseless.
The study of philosophy tells us that the binary feature of reality allows for greater complexity. The human anatomy, for example, has a bilateral feature which allows for greater range of motion. The human brain has a binary feature - two chambers - which allows for greater complexity of thought. Binary language is the basis of the enormous complexity that has become possible with computers. Binary points us to a greater mystery. It seems to be God's way of inviting us to come closer and discover!
There are two "passovers" in the Old Testament. The passover associated with Moses involving the lamb's blood streaked on the lintel and door posts. Because of this blood, death passed over these houses. Likewise the scarlet cord hanging from the window of Rahab's house preserved all those within when death came to Jericho. It is interesting that the blood and blood symbol in these two stories: the horizontal streak on the lintel, and the vertical red cord form a cross. The two narratives point us to Christ whose blood brings deliverance.
Trees and Crosses at the Sacred Center
We have a cross also when we consider the location of the two trees. Judges 4:4-6 says that the Palm of Deborah, was between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim (a north-south axis). Genesis 12 that tells us that the Oak of the Moreh was between Bethel and Ai (an east-west axis). The intersection of east-west and north-south provides another image of the cross. The two narratives must be taken together to gain this picture.
The point of intersection of the north-south axis and the east-west axis was regarded as the sacred center. In the ancient world, sacred centers were often marked by trees. Genesis 2:9 says that the Tree of Life was in the sacred center of the garden. The Church fathers understood this to be an allusion to the cross upon which Christ died to give life to the world. The cross is called a “tree” in Scripture. Deuteronomy 21:22-13 is an example: “If a man guilty of a capital offense is put to death and you hang him on a tree, you must not leave the body on the tree overnight. Be sure to bury it that same day, because anyone who is hung on a tree is a curse of God. You must not defile the land the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance.”
So Jesus, the Son of God, became a curse for us. He died, was buried on that same day, and rose again on the third day, proving that He is the Righteous Ruler long expected of His faithful Horim (Horite ancestors).
Related reading: The Story of Ontology; Binary Distinctions of the Horites; Blood and Binary Distinctions; The Importance of Binary Distinctions; Rethinking "Biblical Equality"; Levi-Strauss and Jacques Derrida on Binary Oppositions; Trees in Genesis; The Bible as Woman's Story
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Today’s post is written by Dr. Greg Bradsher, Senior Archivist at the National Archives at College Park.
Among the wonderful sources at the National Archives for the study of World War I are the records of the Council of National Defense (Record Group 62). This Council touched the lives of every American, whether they realized it or not. The records, contained within one thousand boxes, provide a wealth of information about gearing up for war and about the home front during the war, particularly efforts for the mobilization of industries, resources, and the people of the United States for the effective conduct of the war.
The Council of National Defense was established by section 2 of the Army Appropriation Act of August 29, 1916 (39 Stat. 649), to coordinate industries and resources for the national security and welfare. The Council was to investigate and make recommendations regarding the availability, production, and increase of war supplies and transportation. It was the first of the large emergency Government agencies of World War I and became, in turn, the parent organization of most of the other special war agencies. The Council and an Advisory Commission, to be nominated later, were headed by a Chairman, and the administrative duties were exercised by a Director and a secretary.
The Council consisted of six Cabinet members: the Secretaries of Agriculture— David F. Houston, 1916-20, and Edwin T. Meredith, 1920-21; Commerce— William C. Redfield, 1916-19, and Joshua W. Alexander, 1919-21; the Interior— Franklin K. Lane, 1916-20, and John Barton Payne, 1920-21; Labor— William B. Wilson, 1916-21; the Navy— Josephus Daniels, 1916-21; and War— Newton Baker, 1916-21. Secretary of War Baker was Chairman of the Council.
The Council had its first meeting on December 6, 1916. The Council nominated to the President for appointment to an Advisory Commission seven persons, “each of whom shall have special knowledge of some industry, public utility, or the development of some natural resource, or be otherwise specifically qualified.” The Advisory Commission was to advise and assist the Council in the execution of its functions and to create relations that would render possible the immediate concentration and utilization of the resources of the Nation. The seven members of the Advisory Commission, appointed by the President on October 11, 1916, were Bernard Baruch, financier; Howard E. Coffin, vice president of the Hudson Motor Co.; Hollis Godfrey, president of the Drexel Institute; Samuel Gompers, president of the American Federation of Labor; Franklin H. Martin, secretary-general of the American College of Surgeons; Julius Rosenwald, president of Sears, Roebuck & Co.; and Daniel Willard, president of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. The Advisory Commission had its first meeting on December 6, 1916, and Godfrey served as Chairman of the Advisory Commission until March 3, 1917, when he was replaced by Willard.
Walter S. Gifford, chief statistician of the American Telephone & Telegraph Co., served as temporary Director from December 7, 1916, to March 3, 1917, becoming permanent Director on the latter date. Gifford was succeeded in October 1918 by Grosvenor B. Clarkson, who was followed by Herbert N. Shenton in March 1920 and by Emmons K. Ellsworth who served from November 1920 until June 1921. Baruch served as secretary pro tempore of the Council and the Advisory Commission for the first two meetings on December 6 and 7, 1916, until he was succeeded by D. Dana Bartlett on December 16, 1916, who served as temporary secretary until Clarkson became permanent secretary on March 3, 1917. Upon Clarkson’s appointment as Director, in October 1918, the position of secretary was abolished and the Director assumed its duties. Gifford, Clarkson, and Advisory Commission member Coffin had served together in 1916 as secretary, assistant to the Chairman, and Chairman, respectively, of the U.S. Naval Consulting Board’s Committee on Production, Organization, Manufacturing, and Standardization. This body, which was better known as the Committee on Initial Preparedness, not only served as a model for the Council of National Defense but, on the Committee’s termination during the winter of 1916-17, provided many of its personnel to committees created by the Council and Advisory Commission.
After the Council and Advisory Commission had held several meetings, including joint sessions, during December 1916 and one in January 1917, the Advisory Commission decided in February to organize its work into seven committees, each to be headed by a member of the Commission as follows: Baruch— raw materials, metals, and minerals; Coffin— munitions, manufacturing, and industrial relations; Godfrey— engineering and education; Gompers— labor; Martin— medicine and sanitation; Rosenwald— supplies; and Willard— transportation and communications. These committees, in turn, established subcommittees in their fields. The Council in conjunction with the Advisory Commission also established subordinate units, most notably the Munitions Standards Board in February 1917, the General Munitions Board in April 1917, the Woman’s Committee (headed by Anna Howard Shaw and Ida M. Tarbell) in May 1917, and the War Industries Board in July 1917.
When it appeared the United States would soon enter the war, the creation of these subordinate bodies by the Council and Advisory Commission and the creation of emergency units by governmental agencies resulted in much overlapping of responsibility and duplication of effort. In an attempt to stop the overlapping and duplication and to keep the executive agencies that were engaged in national defense in closer touch with one another, the Council established the Interdepartmental Advisory Committee on March 29, 1917, and its first meeting was held on the same day. The new Committee was composed of one representative from each of the 10 executive departments, a representative of the National Research Council, and the assistant to the Director of the Council of National Defense and the Advisory Commission, who was in charge of cooperation with the States. The Chairman of the Council acted as Chairman of the Committee. The Committee met twice a week until November 2, 1917, when it was adjourned, subject to the recall of the Chairman. It was never recalled.
The exigencies of wartime economic mobilization demanded not only cooperation among Federal agencies, which the Interdepartmental Advisory Committee could suggest but was powerless to enforce, but also direct coordination of the war effort, which the Council, Commission, and Committee lacked the power to provide. Council members were too involved in coordinating the activities of their executive departments and Advisory Commission members were too involved in their committee activities to provide direct coordination. Because the Committee was not empowered to act as a coordinating body, the Council, on November 27, 1917, created the Joint Weekly Conference “to coordinate all the war activities of the Government.” The Conference was composed of all Council members and Chairman of the War Industries Board Daniel Willard (later Baruch), Chairman of the U.S. Shipping Board Edward N. Hurley, Food Administrator Herbert Hoover, Fuel Administrator Harry A. Garfield, and the Director of the Council and the Advisory Commission Walter Gifford. They met twice weekly from December 3, 1917, to April 15, 1918.
By the spring of 1918, the President’s War Cabinet (the Chairmen of the War Trade Board, the War Industries Board, and the U.S. Shipping Board; the Fuel Administrator; the Food Administrator; and Director General of Railroads) had assumed most of the coordinating functions of the Joint Weekly Conference, the Council, and the Advisory Commission. The War Industries Board had been created by the Council on July 28, 1917, to “act as a clearing house for the war industry needs of the Government, [to] determine the most effective ways of meeting them and the best means and methods of increasing production.” Subordinate bodies of the Council and Advisory Commission whose work related to the duties of the War Industries Board were directed to cooperate with it. Many of these bodies eventually were absorbed by the Board, particularly after Baruch became its Chairman in March 1918. At Baruch’s insistence, the President made the Board a more effective coordinating and policymaking body, and on May 28, 1918, it was made an independent agency.
The growth of the War Industries Board and the adjustment and expansion of the regular executive agencies to meet wartime conditions lessened the authority and responsibility of the Council and Advisory Commission. This, in turn, reduced the number and scope of their subordinate organizations. The Council, nevertheless, remained a vital organization, coordinating the work of approximately 164,000 State and local defense councils and 18,000 State and local women’s committees. Another important area in which the Council became concerned and involved, as early as May 1918, was the planning for reconstruction of the economy and postwar adjustment. In June 1918 the President designated the Council “as the agency to coordinate studies of reconstruction problems and to suggest methods of procedure in connection therewith.”
Originally established during peacetime and expecting to continue after the war, the Council envisioned itself as the proper agency for centralizing, preserving, and studying the industrial and economic records accumulated by the Federal Government during the war. It created the Interdepartmental Defense Board on October 27, 1919, to review the administration of the Government’s war program in order to make recommendations for future emergencies, to study the duties and role of the Council, and to prepare a plan of reorganization of the Council. The Interdepartmental Board, as it was called, was composed of one representative from each of the six executive departments represented on the Council plus the Director of the Council and the Advisory Commission, who served as Chairman. Representatives included: Agriculture—Leon M. Estabrook; Commerce— Samuel W. Stratton; Interior— Van H. Manning and later Frederick G. Cottrell; Labor— Royal Meeker and later Ethelbert Stewart; Navy— Rear Adm. William S. Smith; and War— Maj. Gen. George W. Burr and later Maj. Gen. William M. Wright. The Interdepartmental Board’s first meeting was held November 10, 1918; its last, October 29, 1920.
Despite opposing arguments presented by the Interdepartmental Defense Board and the Council, the task of developing plans for industrial mobilization, which consisted of industry converting from civilian production to war production, was taken from the Council by section 5a of the National Defense Act of 1920 (41 Stat. 764) and given to the Assistant Secretary of War. He established, in 1921, the Planning Branch of the War Department to implement the task. The Council ceased functioning on June 30, 1921, because no appropriations were granted to it for the next fiscal year. The Council continued, however, to have a statutory existence, and in May 1940, facing another threat of war, the President revived the Council and appointed a new Advisory Commission. By doing this, he used the Council as the means to institute defense activities and create new agencies deemed necessary for the defense program without offering additional legislation. On January 7, 1941, an administrative order of the President (6 F.R. 192) provided that the activities and agencies of the Advisory Commission, which had absorbed the functions of the Council, should thenceforth be coordinated through the Office for Emergency Management, which was established within the Executive Office of the President. The last meeting of the Advisory Commission was on October 22, 1941.
The World War I era records of the Council of National Defense and the Advisory Commission, including those of the subordinate committees were transferred to the Planning Branch of the War Department by an Executive order of April 21, 1921. In 1933 the records were transferred to the Army Industrial College and from there to the National Archives in 1937. The records produced in 1940 and 1941 were absorbed mostly by agencies that assumed the functions of the committees created by the 1940 Advisory Commission. Many of these records have since been accessioned by the National Archives, including the Advisory Commission records, which form part of the Records of the Office for Emergency Management, Record Group 214.
National Archives Microfilm Publication M1069 (one roll) contains the indexes to the minutes and the minutes of the meetings of the Council of National Defense, 1916-21; the Advisory Commission of the Council of National Defense, 1916-18; the Interdepartmental Advisory Committee, 1917; the Joint Weekly Conference, 1917-18; and, the Interdepartmental Defense Board, 1919-20.
National Archives Microfilm Publication M1074 (one roll) contains the minutes of meetings of the Committee on Women’s Defense Work of the Council of National Defense, May 2, 1917-February 12, 1919, and copies of the weekly and monthly reports submitted by that Committee to the Council, May 12, 1917-October 15, 1918.
Wayne Grover, who became the third Archivist of the United States, as a young archivist, arranged and described the records of the Council of National Defense and the War Industries Board. His descriptions were published by the National Archives as its first two Preliminary Inventories. See Greg Bradsher, “Wayne Grover: Shaping the National Archives,” Prologue, vol. 41, No. 4 (Winter 2009).
Images in this post are from the folder: Council of National Defense (NAID 26417715) in the series: American Unofficial Collection of World War I Photographs, 1917-1918; Record Group 165: Records of the War Department General and Special Staffs, 1860-1952.
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r/Wellington
Someone that buys that kind of volume is more likely to be for a business. So they’ll likely buy it during business hours, from work. Ergo, they’ll go by themselves, or possibly with a workmate.
They’ll look like they are buying for a store/restaurant/cafe etc, with other bulk products in the cart.
Instead, it was largely couples, and based on the other items in their carts, definitely a personal shop.
Just a simple observation, and I may be off on a few of the people, but by and large, it’s not hard to extrapolate the simple conclusion.
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Earlier this week, veteran NASA astronauts Eric Boe and Sunita Williams flew their T-38 into Spirit of St. Louis Airport, and headed over to the headquarters of Boeing’s Defense, Space and Security division near St. Louis’ Lambert International Airport. The goal of the visit – training.
The two astronauts were here to use Boeing’s touch-screen simulators to practice docking Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner spacecraft with the space station. The simulator, called the Crew Part-Task Trainer, helps prepare astronauts and flight controllers for missions, flight conditions and situations including the rendezvous and docking with the space station.
The trainer is part of a suite of cloud-based and hands-on trainer that Boeing has built for use by the NASA space program. The Boeing Mission Simulator is currently being built in St. Louis.
Space exploration isn’t a new thing for Boeing, a key company and leader in Missouri’s aerospace excellence. Boeing’s role in space exploration began in the 1960s. The McDonnell Aircraft Corporation, which later merged with McDonnell Douglas before its merger with Boeing — developed the Mercury and Gemini space capsules.
Today, Boeing is developing the Starliner, its launch vehicle and mission operations and ground systems. SpaceX is developing the next-generation crew capsule.
Boeing and SpaceX are aiming for test flights to the space station by the end of 2017.
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Jul 21, 2013
Short A, Short I and Short O PowerPoint Shows
My weekly PowerPoint shows focus on the spelling pattern and/or phonics skill for the week, which of course is dictated by our Reading and Language Arts curriculum.
You can grab my UNIT 1 PowerPoint Shows below. There are 3 presentations in all. (Each has been saved for use with both older (.pps) and newer versions of PowerPoint (.ppsx) Unfortunately, in order to protect graphics copyright, I am unable to save them as .ppt for individual editing)
The shows included focus on vowels:
Click HERE to grab yours for FREE.
If you find these useful - all future units will be available shortly in my TPT store.
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Blood must remain fluid within the vasculature and yet clot quickly when exposed to subendothelial surfaces at sites of vascular injury. Under normal circumstances, a delicate balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis prevents both thrombosis and hemorrhages. Alteration of this balance in favor of coagulation results in thrombosis. Thrombi, composed of platelet aggregates, fibrin, and trapped red blood cells, can form in arteries or veins. Antithrombotic drugs used to treat thrombosis include antiplatelet drugs, which inhibit platelet activation or aggregation; anticoagulants, which attenuate fibrin formation; and fibrinolytic agents, which degrade fibrin. All antithrombotic drugs increase the risk of bleeding.
This chapter reviews the agents commonly used for controlling blood fluidity, including:
The parenteral anticoagulant heparin and its derivatives, which activate a natural inhibitor of coagulant proteases
The coumarin anticoagulants, which block multiple steps in the coagulation cascade
Fibrinolytic agents, which degrade thrombi
Antiplatelet agents, including aspirin, thienopyridines, and glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors
OVERVIEW OF HEMOSTASIS: PLATELET FUNCTION, BLOOD COAGULATION, AND FIBRINOLYSIS
Hemostasis is the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel. Platelets first adhere to macromolecules in the subendothelial regions of the injured blood vessel, where they become activated. Adherent platelets release substances that activate nearby platelets, thereby recruiting them to the site of injury. Activated platelets then aggregate to form the primary hemostatic plug.
Vessel wall injury also exposes tissue factor (TF), which initiates the coagulation system. Platelets enhance activation of the coagulation system by providing a surface onto which clotting factors assemble and by releasing stored clotting factors. This results in a burst of thrombin (factor IIa) generation. Thrombin then converts fibrinogen to fibrin and amplifies platelet activation and aggregation.
Later, as wound healing occurs, the platelet aggregates and fibrin clots are degraded. The processes of platelet aggregation and blood coagulation are summarized in Figures 30–1 and 30–2 (see also the animation on the Goodman & Gilman website). The pathway of clot removal, fibrinolysis, is shown in Figure 30–3, along with sites of action of fibrinolytic agents. Coagulation involves a series of zymogen activation reactions, as shown in Figure 30–2. At each stage, a precursor protein, or zymogen, is converted to an active protease by cleavage of 1 or more peptide bonds in the precursor molecule. The final protease generated is thrombin.
Platelet adhesion and aggregation. GPIa/IIa and GPIb are platelet receptors that bind to collagen and von Willebrand factor (vWF), causing platelets to adhere to the subendothelium of a damaged blood vessel. PAR1 and PAR4 are protease-activated receptors that respond to thrombin (IIa); P2Y1 and P2Y12 are receptors for ADP; when stimulated by agonists, these receptors activate the fibrinogen-binding protein GPIIb/IIIa and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) to promote platelet aggregation and secretion. Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) is the major product of COX-1 involved in platelet activation. Prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin, PGI...
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Young Noble Young Noble
Young Noble aka Marbles (given name Rufus Cooper III) is an American rapper who was recruited to the group Tha Outlawz in 1996. He received the nickname marbles from Tupac Shakur who said he had a knack of ruining a good rhyme when he spit his verse. Young Noble was born in Rancho Cucamonga, California on March 21, 1976 and had a brother and some sisters. His father was never there for him and his mother was on drugs most of his life so she wasn't really there either.
Read more about Young Noble on Last.fm.
Moja poklapanja
Nažalost, nema korisnika kojima se sviđa "Young Noble"
Otkrij koju muziku vole ove devojke!
Još nema korisnika sa slikom koji su odgovorili na ovo pitanje
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(Last Updated on : 06/04/2009)
The Aravidu Dynasty was the fourth and last Hindu dynasty which ruled Vijayanagar Empire
in South India. Its founder was Tirumala, whose brother Rama Raya had been the masterful regent of the last ruler of the previous dynasty. Rama Raya's death at the Battle of Rakasa-Tangadi (also known as the Battle of Talikota) in 1565 led to the subsequent destruction of Vijayanagar by the combined forces of the Muslim states of Bijapur
The main rulers of the Aravidu dynasty were as follows:
Rama Raya, (1542-1565 CE) commonly known as "Aliya" Rama Raya, was the progenitor of the "Aravidu" dynasty of Vijayanagar Empire.
Tirumala Deva Raya
Tirumala Deva Raya (1565-1572 CE) was perhaps the original Coronated King of the Vijayanagara Empire from the Aravidu Dynasty.
Sriranga Deva Raya I
Sriranga I also known as Sriranga Deva Raya, (1572-1586 CE) was the king of Vijayanagara empire, from 1572-1586. He conceded the restitution of the Vijayanagara empire, but his reign was stained with repeated attacks and loss of territories from his Muslim neighbours.
Sriranga II also known as Sriranga Chika Raya (1614-1614 CE), was nominated in 1614 by King Venkata II to ascend him as king of the Vijayanagara Empire in Southern India.
Rama Deva Raya
Rama Deva Raya, also known as Vira Rama Deva Raya (1617-1632 CE), succeeded the throne following a ghastly war in 1617 as the King of Vijayanagara Empire. In 1614 his father,Sriranga II the preceding King and his family were gruesomely murdered by rival factions headed by Jagga Raya,who was one of their kins. Rama Deva himself was smuggled out of the prison by Yachama Nayudu, a faithful commander of earlier king Venkata II.
Battle of Toppur:
The defeated Jagga Raya sought harbor in the jungle but sprung up and sought aid from the Nayaks of Gingee and Madurai, both willing to set out of the Vijayanagara bond, to assail Yachama Nayudu and Rama Deva. Yachama Nayudu and Ramadeva sought support from the Tanjore Nayaks, who still treated the Vijaynagar as their authority.
Venkata III also known as Peda Venkata Raya, the grandson of Aliya Rama Raya became the King of Vijayanagara Empire from 1632-1642.
Capture by Timma Raja:
Venkata III's paternal uncle, Timma Raja, another brother of Sriranga II, considered himself to be a better claim, detained the government at Vellore Fort, persuading Venkata III to remain in his native place Anekonda. The Nayaks of Gingee, Tanjore and Madurai declared support for Venkata III,while Timma Raja got from none and was looked upon as a usurper. Timma Raja however made lot of trouble and civil strife continued until his death in 1635.Initially he was winning, until the King Peda Venkata (Venkata III)'s nephew,Sriranga III took to the field and beat Timma Raja with help from the Dutch in Pulicat,compelling him to accept Venkata III's claim. Timma Raja was allowed some territories under his control, but stirred up trouble the second time, only to be slain by the Nayak of Gingee in 1635. Peace was finally restored and Peda Venkata Raya or Venkata III returned to Vellore to take charge.
Madras Land Grant:
On 22 August 1639 Francis Day of the East India Company attained a miniature strip of Land in the Coramandal Coast from (a.k.a.Venkata III) in Chandragiri.The region was under by the Damerla Venkatapathy, Nayak of Vandavasi. The place to build a factory and warehouse for their trading activities.
Trouble from Southern Nayaks:
In 1647 the Nayaks of Tanjore and Madurai, resulting out of some complications endeavored to seize Venkata III, and assailed Vellore but were overpowered and peace was patched up.
Sriranga III's Insurgence:
The Kings loyal nephew, Sriranga III for certain reasons turned against the King in 1638 and engineered an invasion from Bijapur.The Bijapur - Sriranga III combine initially attacked Bangalore making the King Venkata III buy peace after an expensive deal. In 1641 the same combine launched another attack and were just 12 miles to Vellore Fort, but Southern Nayaks attacked their camp with backing.
In the following year (1641), the Golkonda Sultan witnessing the disarray sent a huge force along the East Coast. The Golkonda army after facing a stiff confrontation near Madras by Venkata III's army backed by Gingee Nayaks and Darmala Venkatapati,the chieftain of Madras and Poonamalee advanced towards Vellore Fort. But Venkata III, now badly under threat from all sides retreated to the Jungles of Chittoor and died October 1642. Venkata III did not have any heirs and was instantly succeeded by his deceitful nephew Sriranga III, who came to Vellore Fort after deserting the Bijapur camp.
Sriranga III 1642-1652 CE was the ultimate ruler of the Vijayanagar Empire, who came to power in 1642.
More about Aravidu Dynasty,
Administration of Aravidu Dynasty:
Economy of Aravidu Dynasty:
Culture of Aravidu Dynasty:
Literature of aravidu Dynasty:
Architecture of Aravidu Dynasty:
Language of Aravidu Dynasty:
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User:Here is an extract from a python coding tutorial:
```
from scipy.stats import exponweib
print(exponweib.pdf(2,1,3,0,4))
```
Write an extensive and detailed textbook unit with interleaved text and code snippets for middle school students related to the extract above. Ensure the explanations are accessible and easy to understand by students with no prior knowledge of the subject. The textbook should promote reasoning and algorithmical skills. Do not just list concepts, but develop each one in detail before moving to the next, as we prioritize depth of understanding and comprehensive exploration of the subject matter over breadth.
Try to:
- Ensure in-depth coverage of the concepts.
- Use a narrative thought-provoking style.
- Use LaTeX notation $$ for equations and ``` for Python code snippets.
- Ensure valid Markdown output.
- Install and import any necessary libraries.
Do not include a title, introductory phrases or images. Do not explain basic python concepts like functions and variables. Do not use html for formatting. Write the content directly.
Assistant:## Understanding Probability Distributions
In the world of mathematics and statistics, we often encounter situations where we need to understand how likely certain events are to occur. To help us with this, we use something called a **probability distribution**. A probability distribution is a function that describes the likelihood of obtaining the possible values that a random variable can take.
In simpler terms, imagine you're rolling a die. Each number from 1 to 6 has an equal chance of appearing, so we can say that the probability distribution for this scenario is uniform. However, not all situations have a uniform probability distribution. Sometimes, the likelihood of certain events occurring is more or less than others.
## Introducing the Exponentiated Weibull Distribution
One such non-uniform probability distribution is the **Exponentiated Weibull distribution**. This distribution is a type of continuous probability distribution that is often used in reliability engineering and survival analysis. It's a bit more complex than the uniform distribution we discussed earlier, but don't worry, we'll break it down together!
The Exponentiated Weibull distribution is a combination of two other distributions: the Weibull distribution and the Exponential distribution. The Weibull distribution is used to model a wide range of phenomena, including failure rates of electronic components and the lifetimes of organisms. The Exponential distribution, on the other hand, is often used to model the time between events, such as the time between customer arrivals or the time between failures of a mechanical system.
### The Exponentiated Weibull PDF
To understand the Exponentiated Weibull distribution, we need to look at its **probability density function** (PDF). The PDF of a distribution describes how the total probability of 1 is distributed over the range of possible values of the random variable.
The PDF of the Exponentiated Weibull distribution is given by the equation:
$$f(x) = \frac{\beta}{\alpha} \left(\frac{x}{\alpha}\right)^{\beta-1} e^{-(x/\alpha)^\beta} \left[1 - e^{-(x/\alpha)^\beta}\right]^{\gamma-1}$$
where:
- $\alpha$ is the scale parameter,
- $\beta$ is the shape parameter,
- $\gamma$ is the exponentiation parameter, and
- $x$ is the value for which we want to find the probability density.
### Calculating the PDF with Python
Now that we understand the theory behind the Exponentiated Weibull distribution, let's see how we can calculate its PDF using Python. We'll be using the `scipy.stats` library, which provides functions for various probability distributions.
First, we need to install the `scipy` library. You can do this by running the following command in your terminal or command prompt:
```
pip install scipy
```
Once you have `scipy` installed, you can import the `exponweib` function from the `scipy.stats` module:
```python
from scipy.stats import exponweib
```
Now, let's calculate the PDF for a specific value of $x$ using the `pdf` method of the `exponweib` object. This method takes four arguments: the value of $x$, the scale parameter $\alpha$, the shape parameter $\beta$, and the exponentiation parameter $\gamma$.
For example, let's calculate the PDF for $x = 2$, with $\alpha = 1$, $\beta = 3$, and $\gamma = 4$:
```python
print(exponweib.pdf(2, 1, 3, 4))
```
This will output the probability density for $x = 2$ given the specified parameters.
## Conclusion
In this unit, we've learned about the Exponentiated Weibull distribution, a type of continuous probability distribution used in various fields. We've explored its probability density function and seen how to calculate it using Python. Understanding probability distributions is a crucial step towards mastering statistics and data analysis, and we hope this unit has helped you take that step!
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Instruction: Write an educational piece suited for college students related to the following text snippet:
"# Diff Eqs: can't get a reasonable answer
Tags:
1. Jul 17, 2015
### kostoglotov
1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data
Imgur link: http://i.imgur.com/C1epJzI.png
My issues arise in part (b) but cause me to doubt my solution to part (a) as well.
2. Relevant equations
3. The attempt at a solution
$$\frac{dx}{dt} = k(a-x)(b-x)$$
$$\int \frac{1}{(a-x)(b-x)} dx = k \int dt$$
Use partial fraction decomposition on LHS
$$\frac{1}{(a-x)(b-x)} = \frac{A}{a-x}+\frac{B}{b-x}$$
$$A(b-x) + B(a-x) = 1$$
Let x = b
$$B(a-b) = 1 \ \ B = \frac{1}{a-b}$$
Let x = a
$$A(b-a) = 1 \ \ A = \frac{1}{b-a} = \frac{-1}{a-b}$$
$$\int \frac{1}{(a-x)(b-x)} dx = \int \frac{1}{(a-b)(b-x))} - \frac{1}{(a-b)(a-x)} dx$$
$$= \frac{1}{a-b} \left[ -\ln{|b-x|} + \ln{|a-x|} \right] = \frac{1}{a-b} \ln{\frac{|a-x|}{|b-x|}} = k(t+C)$$
$$\ln{\frac{|a-x|}{|b-x|}} = (a-b)k(t+C)$$
$$\frac{|a-x|}{|b-x|} = e^{(a-b)kC}e^{(a-b)kt}$$
Now let's skip a few steps and get
$$\frac{a-x}{b-x} = Ke^{(a"
Do not just list concepts, but develop each one in detail before moving to the next, as we prioritize depth of understanding and comprehensive exploration of the subject matter over breadth. Focus on:
- Rigor: Ensure in-depth coverage of the concepts/sections.
- Engagement: Write with an academic, professional and engaging tone that captivates interest.
- Application: Incorporate specific, practical examples, such as proofs in calculus or critical dates and figures in history.
Do not include a title or an introduction, simply write the content without headlines and introductory phrases. Do not use images.
Response: You are working on a differential equation problem from July 17, 2015, specifically dealing with separable differential equations. I will guide you through your work step by step to identify any gaps in reasoning or errors, focusing on rigorous explanations, engagement, and applications.
Beginning with the given first-order separable differential equation:
$$\frac{dx}{dt} = k(a-x)(b-x), \text{ where } a, b, k \in \mathbb{R}, a\neq b.$$
You correctly separated the variables by integrating both sides:
$$\int \frac{1}{(a-x)(b-x)}\, dx = k \int \, dt.$$
To integrate the left side, you used partial fractions:
$$\frac{1}{(a-x)(b-x)} = \frac{A}{a-x}+\frac{B}{b-x}.$$
This is a crucial step in solving this type of integral; however, it would be helpful to mention why this method works. When dealing with rational functions like these, the denominator factors into distinct linear terms ($a-x$ and $b-x$). By using partial fractions, you rewrite the expression so that its antiderivative becomes apparent. This technique allows us to separate variables further.
After finding the constants $A=\dfrac{1}{b-a}$ and $B=\dfrac{1}{a-b}$, you proceeded correctly:
$$\begin{align*}
&\int \frac{1}{(a-b)(b-x)}-\frac{1}{(a-b)(a-x)} \, dx \\
&= \frac{1}{a-b}\int -\frac{1}{b-x}+\frac{1}{a-x}\, dx\\
&=\frac{1}{a-b}\Bigl[\ln |a-x|-\ln |b-x|\Bigr]+ C_1\\
&=\frac{1}{a-b}\ln\biggl|\frac{a-x}{b-x}\biggr| + C_1,\quad C_1 \in \mathbb{R}\\
&=k(t+C),\qquad C = e^{{(a-b)}{C}_{1}}\in\mathbb{R}^+.
\end{align*}$$
The absolute value signs around $\dfrac{a-x}{b-x}$ disappeared because they were redundant since $(a-x)$ and $(b-x)$ have the same sign when considering only real solutions due to their relation to the constant $k$. Additionally, note that $C$ must belong to positive reals $(\mathbb{R}^+)$, which ensures proper exponential growth.
Lastly, you arrived at:
$$\frac{a-x}{b-x}=Ke^{ak t},\qquad K>0.$$
At this point, you may solve for $x$:
$$x(t)=a-\frac{b-a}{K}e^{-akt},$$
where $K > 0$ depends on initial conditions. If needed, substitute back to verify correctness. Remember always to double-check your algebraic manipulations throughout calculations to ensure accuracy.
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Math can be made meaningful when connected to students’ experiences. With video clips and interactive games from public media students practice math concepts while exploring real world concepts. Learn how to decorate an intricate cake, play the role of the pharmacist, roof a house and more using PBS LearningMedia resources to measure with math.
Using Recipes for Fractions Lesson Plan and Video: Grades 4-8
While doubling a cupcake recipe, students practice three ways of doubling fractions using representations, addition, and multiplication. Students also convert between improper fractions and mixed numbers.
Reroofing Your Uncle’s House Interactive Game: Grades 3-9
In this interactive activity adapted from the Wisconsin Online Resource Center, students use mathematics and measuring skills to solve a construction problem by playing a game using tools (including a tape measure, notepad, and calculator) to determine how many shingles are needed to reroof a house. Students also learn the importance of proper planning and how miscalculating the amount of materials necessary can add to the cost and time spent on a project.
Cake Designer Video: Grades 3-9
In this video a cake designer describes how she uses math in her recipes and designs. Students will relate the importance of mathematics to the field of cake designing.
Area Circles of a Dive Dog Interactive Game: Grades 7-8
In this animated activity students learn the formula for the area of a circle and then apply it to multiple scenarios involving Spot the Dog. Activities include solving problems involving the area of a circle and for the areas of parallelograms, triangles, and circles. Students also calculate the area of a circle using the formula and recognize the relationship between a circle’s diameter and its circumference.
Dunk Tank: Area of Squares & Rectangles Video and Interactive Games: Grade 6
Using a combination of video and interactive gaming, each game addresses a single topic in 6th grade math curriculum and students compete with themselves for high scores. Other Dunk Tank episodes include: Venn Diagrams; Mean, Median, Mode & Range; Ratio & Proportion; Fractions, Decimals & Percents; Liquid Volume; and Circles.
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Nosey Delight
Sometime in my past I was headed west on US 40 and anxious to reach home. By the time I reached eastern Utah was weary of the perpetual odor of sage, greasewood, and desert sand.
When I could drive no further, I wheeled off to the side and closed my eyes for a few.
Later, I awoke to a full moon silhouetting a stand of trees. When I opened the car door I was greeted by the welcome scent of friendly pines.
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This story is a part of Covering Climate Now’s week of coverage focused on Climate Solutions, to mark the 50th anniversary of Earth Day. Covering Climate Now is a global journalism collaboration committed to strengthening coverage of the climate story.
It’s been less than five years since vertical farming first launched in the UAE but it is already emerging as a viable food security solution for a country that imports most of its fruits and vegetables.
In vertical farming, produce is stacked upwards and grown using artificial light, but without chemicals or pesticides. No one has yet found a way to use renewable energy in any meaningful way, which means vertical farming is still heavy on conventional energy and therefore costly, but it does use a whopping 90 percent less water than regular agriculture and it allows for year-round growth.
The first vertical farming operation was Badia Farms in 2016 but there are now plans for at least a dozen more in the UAE.
“It can provide a farm-to-table business model in which food mileage is removed, giving the region fresh, healthy food grown at a better value and price and available across different channels,” explains Omar Jundi, the industrial engineer who is Badia’s chief executive.
When Jundi started out, vertical farming wasn’t even listed as a company activity by Dubai’s Economic Department (DED). It took numerous meetings with the DED, with Dubai Municipality and the Ministry of Climate Change and Environment to explain it but three weeks later, all three government entities farming gave Jundi the green light and a license to start his operation.
Vertical farming requires a major shift in thinking. No one had ever thought about , growing food without soil but Jundi says the support for innovation and change was there.
“The UAE’s progressive government is giving serious attention to the subject of food security,” he says.
Having grown up in Saudi Arabia, Jundi knows what it is to have limited availability of fresh produce. Vertical farming not only means more fresh fruit and veg, it also addresses the problem of water shortage in the region.
Thirty percent of the world already suffers from water scarcity. The UN predicts that will rise to 40 percent within ten years.
“The GCC is already at 75 percent shortfall, almost double what the world shortage will reach in 10 years if no action is taken, which is very alarming,” says Jundi. “As such, the GCC can’t afford to lose time and is heavily investing in food security and water management/treatment solutions to ensure sustainable levels for the future.”
Four years after launch, Badia Farms produces more than 30 varieties of greens such as arugula, coriander and kale. Their products are available at most restaurants and hotels in the UAE and are sold directly to consumers through Carrefour and Kibsons, says Jundi.
Forthcoming plans include moving to a new facility in Dubai Industrial City with 20 times the capacity of the current site, branching out into fruit cultivation and expanding into Saudi Arabia
Badia Farms is also working with the Ministry for Future Food Security and the Ministry of Climate Change and Environment on educating the public about the need for new technology in agriculture.
Abdulaziz AlMulla was also alarmed by the looming crisis over food and water facing the GCC. A year after Badia, he co-founded Madar Farms, using vertical farming technology to grow a range of leafy greens such as kale and lettuce and seven varieties of microgreens, including pea shoots, daikon radish and amaranth. The farm’s research and development hub is in Masdar City in Abu Dhabi but a major expansion is planned for the end of the year to Khalifa Industrial Zone to set up the world’s largest commercial-scale indoor tomato farm. At 5,000 square meters, with more than 5,000 ultra-efficient LED fixtures, AlMulla says the company will triple their microgreen output and produce more than a tonne of tomatoes each day.
“Since it is halfway between Dubai and Abu Dhabi, we will be able to deliver the produce anywhere across the UAE in just hours, rather than days,” he explains.
As with Badia Farms, growing and producing food is only part of the job. Madar Farms has a full roster of educational programs and workshops giving the public a close look at how indoor farming works.
“In September 2019, we launched our Sustainable Futures program for schools, empowering the next generation with the awareness, knowledge, skills and behaviors to create a sustainable future for us all,” says AlMulla.
Madar is one of four pioneering companies helping the Abu Dhabi government to support and develop the agricultural technology (AgTech) sector with a Dh1 billion package. The investment is part of the three-year, Dh50 billion Ghadan 21 program led by the Abu Dhabi Investment Office to diversify the economy – in this case by creating a global center for innovation in desert environment agriculture.
While vertical farming is starting to take off in the UAE, there is a big downside, says Jeffrey Culpepper, chairman of Agrisecura, a Dubai-based commercial investment firm for ethical food security solutions. It is energy intensive and expensive to run.
Scale is what makes the farms work financially – like the Al Dahra BayWa greenhouse in Al Ain, a 10-hectare project that already produces more than 3,000 tons of tomatoes a year.
“This level of production starts to make a dent in reducing food import requirements,” Culpepper explains. “There is another project called Al Mazaire under development that will be a private-public partnership ten times the size of the Al Ain project.”
As for energy requirements, the International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA) in Dubai is working on production systems for “marginal environments” like the GCC’s. The center launched in 1999, has 56 full-time employees and is supported by the UAE government and the Islamic Development Bank Group. With private sector partners stretching from South Korea to Scandinavia, ICBA is also looking at the cooling, dehumidifying and lighting requirements for vertical farms, and asking how renewable energy can be used, says director-general Dr Ismahane Elouafi.
On the last point, Dr Elouafi is confident of a breakthrough in the UAE by the end of 2020. She needs no persuading of the potential of vertical farming. She says, “Vertical farms can make a significant contribution to solving food and water-related problems of hot, dry regions like the UAE.”
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English Translation for ùgbéde
Synonyms : ùgbéde
ù` + gbé + de +
Word Structure - Un-contracted form : ùgbéde
Word Structure - Contracted form : ùgbéde
Spelling & word formation : ùgbéde
Part of speech
Yet to be updated
Figure of speech
Yet to be updated
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Go on an adventure in the shadows with award winning author and illustrator Charlotte Milner.
Discover why these mammals are essential to the world we live in, learn just how much they matter, why they are under threat, and what we can do to help. Bright, bold, and beautiful illustrations accompany fascinating fun facts about these furry flying mammals in this adorable kids’ book.
Did you know that there are two main groupings of bats, or that the bat is the only mammal that can fly? Children will be fascinated by the beautiful illustrations and learn plenty of bat facts on every page.
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Question: Read the dialog and predict the next turn. 2-way dialog: -What happened with the second single of 7/27?. -
Answer: The second single "All in My Head (Flex)" featuring rapper Fetty Wap was serviced to radio stations on May 31, 2016.
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How do you flirt with a younger guy
How to Flirt With Older Men: 13 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow
how do you flirt with a younger guy
Work can be a truly awesome place to meet a guy. In this Article:Flirting at Work Presenting Your Best SelfInteracting Outside of WorkMaintaining .. They're not just making education more accessible -- they are empowering young people to. If a younger man has caught your attention then you need to capture his. Here are seven fool-proof ways attract a younger man. 1. Be a flirt. Make him feel like a person, not an age. When younger women talk to older men, they sometimes feel the need to explain in detail what precisely they like about.
Is It A Bad Idea To Date A Younger Man?
Tell him stories which show your funny side, or your intelligence. But make sure you give him a chance to talk! Listen to him and show an interest in whatever he has to share with you. Avoid Nagging and Being His Mother Younger men fear dating older women because they do not want to be mothered by them.
how do you flirt with a younger guy
They already have one mom, which can be a handful for them! Avoid nagging the young man and show him that you feel secure.
How to seduce a younger man: What you need to know!
Don't offer to help him with "mom-like" chores such as laundry or housework. You should not make him feel less intelligent or inferior to you. Instead, make him realize that he is special and important to you.
how do you flirt with a younger guy
Value his perspective as a younger person. There is a new sense of freedom as well as power, and you are realizing that it sounds like fun to be a beautiful exotic creature prowling the concrete jungle looking for something fresh and exciting… A lot of people become discouraged when wondering how to seduce a younger man because they somehow get it into their head that you have to be Demi Moore or Madonna.
The simple truth is that the more confident you are, the more attractive you are in all aspects. In this article I will share some tips with you on how to catch the eye of any younger guy and make him beg for more. Or perhaps you realize you maybe actually have forgotten and you want to open that door again.
how do you flirt with a younger guy
Older women younger guys: Is it possible for them to date? This might be the very question that brought you to this article, and rest assured: By the way, if you want to read an in-depth article on How to Seduce a Manread this one without further ado!
Tips on Flirting With a Younger Guy
I know a woman who is interested in her younger colleague at work. But if you are attracted to younger man and you want him to know, then show him! However, attracting a younger man is not the same game for an older woman as it is for a year-old woman.
how do you flirt with a younger guy
The name "cougar" has developed many positive connotations. Meet Singles in your Area! Don't Be His Mother Don't give too much advice or offer too much comfort or understanding. If you want a younger man to be attracted to you, he has to see you as a woman, not as a mother. Instead, show him what you truly are: Let him see that you have a sense of irony, that you know how to let things bounce off you.
Also, don't overwhelm a younger man whom you wish to attract with your personal feelings. Hold back a bit; younger men have a lot of their own feelings to figure out.
Reasons Older Women Flirt with Younger Men | LoveToKnow
Wear Tasteful Makeup Don't cake on the makeup. Instead, wear it tastefully and sensually. You want to make your skin seem smooth and bright. Caked-on makeup seems rough and dry.
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Physics controls everything around us and it can be super powerful when we harness it to help us. Join Phil as he shows you some amazing things you can do with physics!
#ScienceMax #MightyMachines #Physics
If you want more make sure to subscribe! ▶ https://www.youtube.com/@ScienceMax?sub_confirmation=1
Have you ever done a science experiment and wondered “What would this be like if it were HUGE?” Welcome to Science Max, the exciting series that turbocharges all the science experiments you’ve done at home.
0:00 – Rube Goldberg Machine – Phil builds a maxxed-out Rube Goldberg machine and learns a lot about different kinds of forces. Gravity, potential energy, kinetic energy, chemical, electrical – you name the force, we’ve got it in this episode!
20:08 – Trebuchet – A Trebuchet is a giant, lever-based catapult. Phil uses it to hurl pumpkins! Mechanical advantage and the history of the trebuchet are what’s being tossed your way on this episode, along with a lot of pumpkins, heads up!
40:16 – Simple Machines – What good is Science if you can’t use it to give you super strength? Phil does just that using the power of simple machines to move, lift and roll a machine he could barely budge otherwise. Plus, lift yourself with one finger and watch cavemen discover the wheel.
Science Max | FULL EPISODE | Simple Machines | Season 1
MAD SCIENTIST VS. PUMPKINS + More Hilarious Experiments At Home | Science Max | Full Episodes
Forces Causing Movement | FULL EPISODE COMPILATION | Science Max
How to levitate rice with friction | At Home Science | Science Max
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Familjeläkarna Danviksgeriatriken är ett nytt sjukhus som erbjuder akut geriatrisk vård, medicinsk behandling och rehabilitering för äldre, med särskild hänsyn till individuella behov och förutsättningar och tar emot patienter från hela Stockholm län.
Danviksgeriatriken behandlar och vårdar huvudsakligen äldre över 65 år som vårdas på, men vid medicinska skäl kan även yngre patienter få möjligheten till vård. Vi erbjuder tillfällig vård efter operation eller infektion och när det finns behov av några dagars rehabilitering efter den mest akuta behandlingen.
Få vård på Danviksgeriatriken
Danviksgeriatriken arbetar på uppdrag av Region Stockholm. När man som äldre har behov av geriatrisk vård kan man själv välja att få sin vård hos oss på Danviksgeriatriken.
För att få vård på Danviksgeriatriken behöver man en remiss från exempelvis läkare på akutmottagning, vårdavdelning, äldreboende, vårdcentral eller så kan man komma till sjukhuset direkt från hemmet, via ambulans från hela Stockholms län. Vi tar emot patienter dygnet runt, årets alla dagar.
God vård i en hemlik miljö
På Danviksgeriatriken ger vi geriatrisk vård utifrån ett helhetstänk för de vi vårdar. Vi har ett personligt engagemang och en sammanhållen vård för patientens bästa. Vi tar utgångspunkt i individens behov och situation, anpassar vården och rehabiliteringen, som ska bidra till ett aktivt och självständigt liv med ökad livskvalité.
Danviksgeriatriken ligger vackert beläget vid inloppet till Stockholm på Finnbodaberget i Nacka kommun, i anslutning till äldreboendet Danvikshem. Det finns 44 vårdplatser uppdelat på två vårdavdelningar med både enkel-, dubbel- och tre-bäddsrum. Maten är hemlagad och vårdrummen hemlika, och det finns tillgång till en vacker utemiljö.
När man vårdas på Danviksgeriatriken får man som patient ett multiprofessionellt team runt sig. I teamet ingår läkare, sjuksköterska, arbetsterapeut, fysioterapeut, kurator och dietist, som alla är delaktiga i vården. Teamet har stor kunskap och erfarenhet av allmängeriatrisk vård och rehabilitering för äldre.
Familjen och närstående till de som vårdas på Danviksgeriatriken är viktiga och vi finns som stöd till dem. För oss är dialog och informationen viktig kring vården av alla våra patienter.
Toppmodern geriatrisk vård
Danviksgeriatriken använder vetenskapligt beprövade behandlingsmetoder och följer den senaste forskningen inom äldres sjukdomar och rehabilitering. Vi samarbetar med högskolor och universitet med kunskapsöverföring, utbildning och driver själva aktivt olika forskningsprojekt.
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# Script Name : nslookup_check.py
# Description : This very simple script opens a file including server list and does a nslookup for each one
import subprocess
fileName = input("input a file name including server list: ")
for server in open(fileName):
#print("Server: %s" % server)
subprocess.Popen(('nslookup ' + server))
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1 Hava Sıcaklığı Mevsim Normallerinin 3 İle 5 Derece... 2 Güvenlik Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı, İnönü Şehitlerini... 3 TUFAD "Bir Meselimiz Var" Etkinliği Düzenledi 4 Ali Bizden Tatar'dan randevu istedi 5 PCR Test Sırası Eziyeti 6 AB'nin yaptırımları uzatma kararına Rusya'dan... 7 Girne Leymosun Kültür evi'nde PCR testleri yeniden... 8 "Barış ve özgürlük açık su yüzme maratonu"... 9 Esnaf ve Zanaatkârlar salgın destek hibe programı'na... 10 Bağımsızlık Yolu 2. olağan genel kurulu yapıldı
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Typified as interpreted script language, PHP – a recursive acronym for Hypertext Preprocessor – is a widely made use of typical goal scripting or programming language. Hypertext Preprocessor is suited for net growth in individual as it can be embedded into HTML. It is open source computer software, which means it is no cost of value, and it can be downloaded and utilised without any cost from its formal web site. Whilst, it is offered totally free of cost as the application is launched underneath the Hypertext Preprocessor License, it is not appropriate with the GNU Typical Community License (GPL) as there are restrictions on the usage of the expression PHP.
It was developed notably for server aspect programming and as a result the duties that you will be carrying out yet again and again in the route of your website programming will be getting excellent advantage of the specialized library that the language has. As stated in the to start with paragraph, the scripting language makes it possible for mixing format with programming as it has the in addition point of getting able to intertwine code with HTML.
A Quick History of PHP:
With initial meaning of the acronym as Personalized Dwelling Web site, PHP started off in 1994 as a set of Common Gateway Interface binaries that ended up penned in the C programming language by Rasmus Lerdorf, a Danish/Greenlandic programmer. At first, Rasmus designed these Particular Property Page Instruments so that he can swap a petite set of Perl scripts that he experienced been making use of to continue to keep up his own homepage. He made use of to use the applications to exhibit his résumé and to maintain a observe of how substantially website traffic his page was finding. He finished up developing PHP/FI with extra functionality when he merged people binaries with his Form Interpreter. Like a more substantial implementation for the C programming language, his new development could converse with databases, which manufactured it a probability to build very simple, dynamic web apps. It was on June 8, 1995, that Rasmus Lerdorf introduced Hypertext Preprocessor publicly. He did so just so that the bug locale discovering and code improvement can be accelerated with the enable of other builders. This launch was named PHP version 2. The edition 2 had the fundamental features that the language has today. Later on in 1997, two Israeli builders at the Technion IIT, Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans, rewrote the parser and shaped the foundation of Hypertext Preprocessor 3. It was with this launch that the language’s acronym meaning was changed from Particular Residence Page to Hypertext Preprocessor.
Even though adapting a program framework when working with any programming language is not a necessity, it is unquestionably useful as frameworks support programmers to devote their time in conference computer software demands much more willingly than to having treatment of the more customary, lesser-stage facts of delivering a operating method. Between the quite a few program frameworks offered for the script, adhering to a few are the types that most builders are uncovered to use:
- Zend Framework
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Maury - Winter Updates! The Wildest Guests Return! View more episodes
Aired at 09:00 AM on Monday, Apr 26, 2010 (4/26/2010) View all transcripts from this day
00:00:00The results came in.
00:00:03Not the father.
00:00:05And the emotions came out.
00:00:08>> Way to be a man.
00:00:09>> Maury: The wildest guests have returned to tell us what happened after the show.
00:00:14There's another surprise in this, family.
00:00:15>> We've got a surprise for you all.
00:00:17>> Maury: They're back.
00:00:19It's an hour of updates you'll never forget.
00:00:22, okay, everybody.
00:00:37Our new season only started a few weeks ago, but I give my producers credit becau already the updates from our wildest guests are pouring in.
00:00:46And I've got it tell, you, they are truly shocking.
00:00:49They're unbelievable.
00:00:50So we're going to to it right now, okay?
00:00:58First up, recently we met a woman named danielle who came here determined to prove to her, ex, diego and maria that diego was the father of her son.
00:01:10Now, diego claimed it was impossible for him to be the father because, get this, he was behind bars when danielle got pregnant.
00:01:17>> This b right here, he is the father of, my son.
00:01:20>> Maury: You and his sister used to be friends.
00:01:22>> Yeah, we used to be friends, maury, but now I don't like her no more.
00:01:27>> [ Bleep [ bleep.
00:01:31>> Maury: What happened between you and her?
00:01:33>> She's stupid and she's , she needs to get a life and get it together.
00:01:42>> Maury: You used to be friends with her.
00:01:43>> I used to be.
00:01:44>> Maury: What happened?
00:01:46>> Today she told us she was using us just for the money.
00:01:49>> I got money.
00:01:50I got a, job.
00:01:53>> Maury: What's the song?
00:01:53♪♪ Ain't my brother's baby ♪♪
00:01:55♪♪ ain't my brother's baby ♪♪
00:02:01>> Maury: The results are in.
00:02:02You're not going to believe what we're about to see.
00:02:05When it comes to 4-year-old elie, dieg,o, you are the father.
00:02:20You could be a great example.
00:02:23, >> you ready to do this?
00:02:26>> I'm ready to be a man.
00:02:34>> Maury: So after diego's emotional breakdown, we wanted to catch up with him to see how he was handling fatherhood.
00:02:38, >> maury, you told me I could be a great example to my son.
00:02:46And as you can see, that's what I'm doing.
00:02:49I spend as much time I can with him.
00:02:51I play video games, go to the park, en sit down and talk with him.
00:02:54I bought him clothes,, shoes, anything else that he wants.
00:02:58We're going to have the perfect father and son bond together.
00:03:01Thank you, maury, for helping me find the truth.
00:03:06>> Maury: That's what I'm talking about.
00:03:10We met a terrified mother named, chris.
00:03:13Now, chris said she was tortured by her two out-of-control kids.
00:03:1813-Year-old jessica and 14-year-old brandon.
00:03:20Now, the situation had gotten so severe that chris claimed her kids were not only partying and having sex but that they beat her, slapped her and, held her prisoner.
00:03:30>> My 14-year-old, jessica, my 14-year-old, brandon, they lie to me.
00:03:34They hit me.
00:03:35They're constantly torturing me.
00:03:37>> My mom pissed me off.
00:03:39I call her a whore, a bitch, , whatever I want.
00:03:45>> Brandon curses at me.
00:03:48>> My mom tells me what to do, i don't care.
00:03:52I've had sex with six or seven girls.
00:03:55>> Maury: O's worse?
00:03:57Let me see your arm.
00:03:59>> [ Bleep,.
00:04:00>> Maury: Whoa!
00:04:03What are you smiling about?
00:04:05>> You're getting kind of old.
00:04:09You've got some wrinkles going on.
00:04:11>> Maury: You know all these wrinkles I have?
00:04:13They're all smiles.
00:04:15I was good to my, family.
00:04:17I have a lot of love in this world.
00:04:21And I don't see that on yo face.
00:04:23I see a little scared boy.
00:04:30After thshow, we were determined to get throug,to them.
00:04:33So with the help of our special opes officer, we sent them to daniels' funeral home to show them what life would be like without their mother.
00:04:45>> If your mother was dead, this is -- don't walk away from me,, man.
00:04:49It's all right, man.
00:04:50>> Get off of me.
00:04:51>> Stop.
00:04:51It's all right.
00:04:53>> That's what this is.
00:04:54>> I know it is.
00:04:54But this is for you.
00:04:59>> [ Bleep going.
00:04:59>> Take a breath.
00:05:02>> You can't keep putting me through this.
00:05:05, >> Maury: MEANWHILE, HIS YOUNGER Sister, jessica, was about to get the same reality check.
00:05:09>> If you don't change, this is what's going to happen.
00:05:18>> Maury: So jessica and brandon, we're glad you're doing, better.
00:05:21We wish you all the best.
00:05:24So in the past, you know, we've had a lot of memorable grandmothers on the show.
00:05:29But this segment not only involved a grandma, it involved a grandma ma's mama.
00:05:34It all began with, alexis.
00:05:38Alexis came to the show determined to prove to her ex-boyfriend, canard, that his mom, pansy, and his mom's mom, patricia, both of them, that canard was the father of a 1-year-old.
00:05:52You see, alexis, called canard the grandmama's mama's boy.
00:05:58>> I'm a single mother and i struggle every day to take care of my daughter.
00:06:04Her father denies her because of his mother and his grandma.
00:06:06Here's what I call a grandmama's , ma'am ma's boy.
00:06:12>> Reporter: >> Reporter: Why were you so upset?
00:06:14>> When my baby's 13, they'll say, oh, yes.
00:06:17Maury: You call her your miracle baby.
00:06:21>> You see my pinky toe?
00:06:22, that is not my grandbaby.
00:06:36, >> Maury: So it was time to meet tangy, patrice and the grandmamama ma's boy himself, canard and get the results.
00:06:52>> I took one good look at that baby, and I knew she didn't belong to us.
00:06:55My job on this earth is to protect my baby boy,, canard, and no female is going to get in the y.
00:07:04>> Maury: Canard, your grandmama's mama's boy?
00:07:09>> I put a ring on her finger.
00:07:12She gave me it back and, went for another dude.
00:07:15Here's a word of wisdom.
00:07:17If you feed them long enough, they'll come out looking like you.
00:07:23>> Maury: Canard, you are the father.
00:07:28, >> Maury: So did the grandmama's mama's boy step up?
00:07:41Alexis said not only has he stepped up, but tangy and patricia have, welcomed the baby into the family with open arms.
00:07:48Last year, we met an unforgettable couple named lyric and paco.
00:07:56After discovering her husband of 12 years had relationships with 1500 women on the, internet, he came to us convinced paco was doing her wrong.
00:08:07>> My husband paco for 12 years.
00:08:09And I thought he really loved me.
00:08:12I don't think he does anymore.
00:08:15I just came across his internet page, and he had, over 1515 women on that page.
00:08:22I don't know why.
00:08:22>> Maury: Then he worke as a fast food restaurant last year.
00:08:26And he was doing somebody there.
00:08:28Word was going around tt he [ bleep in the bathroom.
00:08:33>> Today I'm here to prove my , innocence that I love you.
00:08:41I've been with you for many, many years.
00:08:45, >> Maury: Although paco swore h was innocent, when the results came back, lyric's husband was singing a very different tune.
00:08:58We asked you if you have ever cheated on lyric with any of the women on myspace.
00:09:01You admitted you it.
00:09:05We asked you if you've had, cybersex.
00:09:08You admitted you did.
00:09:11>> I'm done.
00:09:12I'm done.
00:09:12>> Maury: Wait a minute.
00:09:13You can't be done.
00:09:15You can't be done.
00:09:16We asked you how my times you've cheated on lyric.
00:09:19The lie detector determined it , >> it's done, baby boy.
00:09:36>> Maury: He wants another chance.
00:09:37, >> no.
00:09:44You've got no reason.
00:09:46You've got no reason.
00:09:47>> Maury: Okay.
00:09:48Did lyric and paco stay together?
00:09:50Well, the last time we heard, , but lyric wants to bring paco back for another lie detector test.
00:10:02But we haven't been able to reach them.
00:10:04So lyric, paco, if you're out there, give us a call, let us know what you're doing.
00:10:09We have one of the most unbelievable updates in "maury" , history.
00:10:12When we come back.
00:10:14What happened after the show?
00:10:16You are not.
00:10:24The guests of the new season are back.
00:10:27,>> If you are lying, I will divorce you.
00:10:29>> Maury: That was a lie.
00:10:30Today leslie's back with a brand-new boyfriend.
00:10:33For the first time in "maury" history, her new man is a guest she met backstage.
00:10:37Wait until you find out who it ,,,,,,,,,, >> Maury: Does the father of your child deny that he is indeed the father and youant him to take aaternity test to prove the truth?
00:13:22If so, call the "maury" show at, 1-888-45-maury.
00:13:29That's 1-888-45-maury.
00:13:31They're back.
00:13:32It's an hour of updates you'll never forget.
00:13:34And it starts right now.
00:13:39Watch how a furious woman, named paula.
00:13:42Paula came to prove to her ex-boyfriend london and his two meddling sisters, precus and crystal, that their brother wa the father of paula's daughter.
00:13:50Watch this.
00:13:56>> They' b,n telling him he's not the father.
00:13:59Crystal andrecious need to mi their own damn business.
00:14:02Everything was fine, maury, until his big-headed sisters , >> we're blood.
00:14:14If they say paula w cheating, I have no reason not to believe them.
00:14:19>> Maury: You were there.
00:14:20What happened?
00:14:22>> She started telling me i , >> Maury: You don't think that baby resembles you?
00:14:31>> No.
00:14:42>> Maury: London, you are the , okay.
00:14:53Now, so with all the drama that unfolded there, could this family find a way to get along?
00:15:00, >> maury, crystal and I swore that kamaya couldn't wait to get him out of our lives.
00:15:15, >> precious and crystal have apologized tme and taken to me like their own.
00:15:26>> When I found out I was the father, we are now back together and trying to be a family.
00:15:31>> I couldn't be happier with the results.
00:15:33My d,aughter got a family and i got my man back.
00:15:35Thanks for everything, maury.
00:15:41>> Maury: Cindy came here to the show to prove to kay that she was her biological daughter.
00:15:45The problem is, kay claims cindy was a, liar and was praying a maternity test would provehe was not the mom.
00:15:57>> I want for her to be my mom.
00:15:59>> Maury: She asked to have a dna test and you didn't want one.
00:16:03, I just know in my heart she is.
00:16:09Cynthia, you know and I know that you are not my biological daughter.
00:16:17, >> Maury: What has she done?
00:16:29>> I thought she was my daughter.
00:16:31>> Maury, she has lied to me.
00:16:33Everything that comes out of her mouth is a lie.
00:16:36>> Maury: If thi shows she i,s not -- >> glory hallelujah.
00:16:39>> Maury: Really?
00:16:40>> Yeah.
00:16:40>> Maury: The results are in.
00:16:43Is kate the mother of a woman she called the devil in disguise?
00:16:46You want to read something to her?
00:16:48, >> Maury: What happens if she is your child?
00:16:59>> Then lord help me.
00:17:00>> I never meant to hurt you.
00:17:03>> You're nothing but a con artist and a chief.
00:17:06>> Maury: Kay, you are not her mother.
00:17:09>> Yea!
00:17:09, >> I'm sorry.
00:17:12I never meant to hurt you.
00:17:18I really wish you were my mom.
00:17:25>> I don't want t,o.
00:17:26I'm sorry.
00:17:27>> Maury: Several months ago we met a manamed osbourne.
00:17:30He came here with his girlfriend because he had doubts as to whether or not her baby, jeffrey, was his.
00:17:39>> I am convinced he is the , >> Maury: Four years.
00:17:45>> Four years.
00:17:46>> Maury: Are you still together?
00:17:50>> Yes, on and off, but not now.
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Did you go to the Asian guy with the one name?
Well, now that you know how it feels, maybe you want to give him an apology.
You went to Taki, didn't you?
Look, Peter, I'm sorry for the way I treated you, but is there anything you can do to get me back in the club?
Well, I suppose I could talk to Barrington.
Really?
Oh, Peter, you don't know what this means to me.
(SIGHS) You know, I was so desperate there for a while,
I even tried a Jewish club.
You don't want to get involved with them religious groups.
They believe in all kinds of weird stuff.
If I believe in Jesus hard enough, I will not die.
If I believe in Snake Jesus hard enough, he will die.
If I believe in Tree Jesus hard enough, both of them will die.
Yay!
Thank you, Tree Jesus!
Hey, Mr. Barrington.
Oh, hello, Peter.
I'm so glad you're here.
We're shooting bald guys under 5'7" today.
Hey, there's the guy who denied my health insurance claim.
Sir, your nipples are fine!
You don't need to reconstruct them!
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There are more than 5,000 known species of mammals alive today. There are three major groups: monotremes (egg-laying mammals), marsupials (pouched mammals) and placentals (mammals whose babies develop inside the mother's womb, fed by a placenta). By far the largest group is the placentals - that's where human beings fit in.
There are several characteristics that all of us have in common: 1) we nurse our young from mammary glands, hence the name "mammals;" 2) we have hair or fur. Other things that tend to set us apart as a group include our adaptability and our relatively large brains.
Almost all mammal babies suckle milk from their mother's teats, though some babies nurse on hairs near the mammary glands. Young mammals mature more slowly than most other animals, and most usually "graduate" from milk to other food later in their development.
Fur or hair not only keeps mammals warm but also helps keep their body temperature constant (we're known as endothermic, or warm-blooded). There can be a great variety in some mammals' fur: from a few stray hairs on the chin of a whale to the dense fur coat of a chinchilla to the modified guard hairs known as "quills" on a porcupine.
Variety is the Spice of Mammals
As a group, mammals are very adaptable and occupy a wide range of ecological niches. Some live underwater (whales and dolphins) while others live high in the treetops (many monkeys). Some live in cold polar regions (polar bears and arctic foxes) while others live in hot deserts (kangaroo rats and fennec foxes).
Mammals have a wide range of body sizes. The common shrew weighs only three grams, while the blue whale weighs 150 tons! We also vary in the way we get around: from flying, swimming, and running to swinging through trees and burrowing.
Mammals have larger brains than other vertebrates of similar size, and seem to be the most capable learners. We also benefit from the relatively long amount of time it takes us to grow up, which gives our parents more time to teach the young important skills.
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Ringing in Your Ears?
Get the Buzz on Tinnitus
Tinnitus is commonly described as a ringing in the ears, but some people also hear it as a roaring, clicking, hissing or buzzing. It may be soft or loud, and it might affect both of your ears or only one. For some people, it’s a minor annoyance. For others, it can interfere with sleep and grow to be a source of mental and emotional anguish.
Each year about 1 in 10 adults nationwide has an episode of tinnitus that lasts longer than 3 months. Tinnitus isn’t a disease. Instead, it’s a symptom that something is wrong with your auditory system. The problem may exist somewhere in your ear, in the nerve that connects the inner ear to the brain or in the parts of the brain that make sense of sounds.
Scientists still aren’t entirely sure what happens in the auditory system to cause tinnitus. But somehow, the networks of nerve cells that process sounds have been thrown out of balance in a way that creates the illusion of sound where there is none.
Because tinnitus can arise from so many conditions, ranging from hearing loss to high blood pressure to medications, diagnosing the cause or causes can be a challenge. For many people, the ringing in their ears begins for no obvious reason.
Although there’s no cure for tinnitus, several treatments can make it easier to cope. Hearing aids may help those who have hearing loss along with tinnitus. Behavioral therapy with counseling helps people learn how to live with the noise. Wearable sound generators—small electronic devices that fit in the ear—use a soft, pleasant sound to help mask the tinnitus and offer relief.
Some people with tinnitus use tabletop sound generators to help them relax or fall asleep. Antidepressants and antianxiety drugs may be prescribed to improve mood and sleep patterns. Most doctors offer a combination of these treatments, depending on the severity of the tinnitus and the daily activities it affects the most.
Researchers have been working on new ways to treat tinnitus. One NIH-sponsored study has just begun recruiting active and retired military personnel of the U.S. Armed Forces to test the effectiveness of an experimental tinnitus therapy. Soldiers exposed to loud noise, including bomb blasts, can develop tinnitus due to tissue damage in hearing-related areas of the brain and ear. In fact, tinnitus is one of the most common service-related injuries among military personnel returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. The experimental treatment in this study combines educational counseling with a sound-generation device.
Called tinnitus retraining therapy, the approach has shown promise in earlier trials and appears to ease the annoyance of tinnitus and its impact on people’s lives. Learn more about the study at clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01177137.
Talk to your doctor if you’ve had ringing in your ears for more than 3 months. Your physician will ask about your symptoms and look into your ear to search for possible causes. You may be referred to an otolaryngologist (a doctor who specializes in conditions of the ear, nose and throat) for further evaluation.
NIH Office of Communications and Public Liaison
Building 31, Room 5B52
Bethesda, MD 20892-2094
Editor: Harrison Wein, Ph.D.
Managing Editor: Tianna Hicklin, Ph.D.
Illustrator: Alan Defibaugh
Attention Editors: Reprint our articles and illustrations in your own publication. Our material is not copyrighted. Please acknowledge NIH News in Health as the source and send us a copy.
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Hello, Science enthusiasts, We are observing the lightings used for our daily use. We see these mostly in the houses, industries, offices etc.., Some of them are LED, CFL and Incandescent lamps. The incandescent lamps are a very old model. These incandescent lamps have a filament. Nowadays we are using LED bulbs.
These incandescent bulbs will emit heat energy proportional to the light energy. In the usage of this incandescent lamps, there’s a huge loss. For example, some small flies are exhausted by using this type of lamps. We face lots of disadvantages in the usage of the incandescent lamps.
These lamps consume more energy and give less lux. Due to these usages, we wasted the lots of energy. To overcome such many problems, many scientists think to develop the new technology to decrease the power consumption and increase the luminous intensity emitted by the bulb.
The construction of this incandescent lamp consists of a conical flask inverted shape and there were the two electrodes consists of a high resistive material to close the circuit. These are fixed to the below holder. The inside of this lamp has a gas like argon.
Which is an electrical insulator? Do you observe that even the huge amount of heat released by the bulb, the filament in the bulb will not melt? Now, let’s learn that “what is happening in the bulb, why the filament is not melting”.
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Here’s the reason why the filament in the lamp will not melt:
For burning of any material, we must need the air. Oxygen in the air is one of the main sources in the burning of any material. But here in the electric bulb, there will be no oxygen presence. In inside the bulb, argon gas will present between filament and bulb glass.
So, how much the temperature would be in the bulb, if there is no oxygen then no burning will take place. When we place the glowing candle in the area where the oxygen is not present then it will stop burning.This experiment is done by many of members, why others we also know that it will shut off because of no oxygen presence. Similarly, in the electric bulb only because the presence of the argon gas in it when the filament is glowing even in high temperature the filament will not melt. The manufacturing company chooses the filament type which should have the highest melting point.
The material we use for the filament in the bulb is tungsten. This is a type of high resistive material. When the supply passes through this high resistive material then it develops heat. Due to this, we experience some light emitted. The temperature inside the bulb is very high when compared to the temperature outside of the bulb.
This filament is of small diameter and formed as the spring. This spring is mounted at the both electrodes. If these connections are broken then the bulb is of no use. We should dispose of that bulb.
Please do “Share our article” with your friends if it is helpful. Thank you!
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1. keri davies
This legal threat is highly spurious for several reasons.
1. I can’t find the “festival’s” terms and conditions, but I expect they are much longer than this one paragraph. Copyright law only applies when you quote a “substantial part” of a work.
2. Even if this was the entire terms and conditions, there is a very strong defence case for this being fair comment on a matter of public interest.
3. So copyright doesn’t come into it.
4. Even if Surface has a non-disclosure agreement with the bands taking part, there is no such contractual relationship between Surface and CiB.
What an own goal by Surface. Instead of engaging with the issue, explaining what the money is used for, how much it costs to administer the competition, pointing to the success stories large and small of bands who have taken part, they are now going to be branded as exploitative cowards who don’t understand the blogosphere or the law.
2. i notice there is no real-world contact information on the surface website anywhere. is that not mandatory these days for businesses ?
3. Another thing that concerns me about this is how they handle the text voting (details on the banner at the bottom of the http://www.surfaceunsigned.co.uk/presspage.html). If a band does not qualify by not bringing 25 fans, what happens to any text votes for that band? Voters have to pay £1 plus network fee for each vote. Is this announced at the end of the gig before voting starts “You can vote for BandA, BandC and BandD, but not BandB”. This seems unlikely.
Comments are closed.
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NASA is asking general aviation pilots to participate in two special studies it is conducting with the FAA based on data collected through the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS), according to a report at AOPA.org. The first is “Aviation Weather in the Cockpit and Aeronautical Information Services via Data Link,” which seeks information from pilots about incidents that occurred while they were using weather or AIS information in the cockpit. The second is a study examining wake vortex encounter events. Find out more here.
NASA’s Aviation Safety Reporting Service (ASRS) marked a significant milestone earlier this year: Its 1 millionth report. “In 1 million reports in 36 years, we’ve never violated the confidentiality of any person reporting,” said NASA ASRS Program Director Linda Connell in a report at NBAA.org. “We’re hearing from every aspect of aviation.” Read the full report here, which also includes a link to a podcast with Connell.
A blog post by attorney Greg Reigel at GlobalAir.com notes that the FAA has updated its Advisory Circular for the Aviation Safety Reporting Program, sometimes known to general aviation pilots as the “NASA” form as NASA officials administer the program. The update provides a bit of leniency for pilots and others in aviation. Previously, incidents had to be reported within 10 days. The new language says: “that, within 10 days after the violation, or the date when the person became aware or should have been aware of the violation, he or she completed and delivered or mailed a written report of the incident or occurrence to NASA.” Read more here.
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(r/offmychest)
Take your time to know her, travel over there and meet her (with marham)
Maybe some etiquette lessons, talk to her mother about what she likes.
If she eventually opens up see if she will share if she’s open to this idea of marriage.
She is 19 please take all the time for her to think and be herself a marriage is for ever don’t rush please
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From r/news:
If you're in a country that is not your own, i.e. you're not a citizen, yes, it's very important to carry the appropriate documents.
If you're a citizen in your own country, you shouldn't have to carry anything other than a state id or driver's license, which is more for your own convenience rather than a legal requirement. And you shouldn't be detained indefensible based simply on profiling.
If someone is here illegally, they risk consequences. Fair enough. But the authorities should have to bear the burden of proof.
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<reponame>styleyan/spring-boot-demo<gh_stars>0
package com.isyxf.error.core;
import com.isyxf.error.exception.http.HttpException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
/**
* 统一管理错误
*/
@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionAdvice {
/**
* 未知异常
* 全局异常处理，需要添加上 @ResponseBody 注解
* @param req
* @param e
*/
@ExceptionHandler(value = Exception.class)
@ResponseBody
public UnifyResponse handleException(HttpServletRequest req, Exception e) {
System.out.println("hell word");
UnifyResponse unifyResponse = new UnifyResponse(9999, "服务器异常", "233/2323");
return unifyResponse;
}
/**
* 已知异常
* 只处理http异常
* @param req
* @param e
*/
@ExceptionHandler(value = HttpException.class)
public void handleHttpException(HttpServletRequest req, HttpException e) {
System.out.println("hello http");
}
}
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Do you already have a robot under your roof? Robotics for children is taking education by storm, and no wonder. There is no other school subject that can offer so much meaningful knowledge in such an attractive packaging. From coding and computational thinking to soft and manual skills – robotics has got your kids covered.
Originally, educational robotics for kids emerged from the homes of tinkering enthusiasts' and after-school programs, so incorporating it into learning at home program should be easy enough. Right?
Undoubtedly, it is easier in some aspects, but homeschool robotics is still a challenge. So if you’re thinking about adding robotics to your home curriculum permanently, or want to sample your options in the distance learning era, take a moment to read this article and make things easier for yourself.
- Reasons for starting: Why homeschool robotics?
- Robotics preparation: Who is qualified to tinker with robots?
- Old enough for robotics: When to start coding and playing with robots?
- Working space: Where to build and test robots that spin, crawl, jump, run...
- Robotics equipment: What are the best robots for homeschoolers?
- Shopping list: Everything you need to start
- Frequent mistakes: Avoid 3 most common pitfalls
Reasons for starting: Why homeschool robotics?¶
For years now, schools have been trying to put greater emphasis on developing creativity, logical thinking, problem solving and cooperation. Despite the ever-changing reality, these skills do not outdate and allow people to easily adapt to new environments.
- Why kids should learn programming?
Educational robotics develops skills of the future. Digital literacy, computational thinking, debugging, creativity, spatial imagination, and coding are much more than trending edtech keywords. With technology everywhere around us, constantly changing and improving, these universal skills are in demand now. In the future, they are expected to count even more.
Playing with robots today prepares your kids for the future to come.
Consider also the immediate benefits: growing interest in science, developing cognitive abilities, training patience, practising determination, and gaining motivation to learn more in your curriculum. Young kids absorb knowledge like sponges, so this is basically a recipe for their educational success.
Finally, remember that robotic kits are not only for kids. If you’ve ever felt the urge to tinker with tiny motors, electronics and sensors, now is your chance. In all likelihood, you will even learn something by playing!
If you need more reasons, check out this article, where we explain in detail why teaching kids programming is worth everyone’s time.
Robotics preparation: Who is qualified to tinker with robots?¶
You! If this topic sparks your interest, you have already passed the most important test.
Educational robotics is all about learning from scratch, so you don’t need any advanced knowledge in the beginning. You just need to know that robots rely on motors to move, sensors to interact with their surroundings, and the dedicated programming language controls them all.
Starter-level robots are quite easy to control and program. Some of them come with tutorials, or helpful guides. Step-by-step instructions with explanations are harder to come by, but work wonders for the learning process, so look out for them. You can also reach out to online homeschooler communities, or support your lessons on ready-to-use lesson plans, like ours. We used to teach robotics ourselves, so we made sure all content is high quality and easy to use.
As your child proceeds to more advanced robotics kits with bare electronics included, you may want to update your knowledge on how to handle electricity and circuits – safety first.
Don’t be afraid to start robotics. You will need resources or curriculum to lean on, but this path will be rewarding and enjoyable for both of you. If you need guidance on how to organize and structure the lesson, sign up for one of our free webinars.
Old enough for robotics: When to start coding and playing with robots?¶
The beauty of homeschool robotics is that you can start almost whenever you want. The only ‘time’ limit you cannot forget about is the age of your child.
Student age is key in robotics.
In general, if your student is six years old, they can start coding. At this early stage however, you will most probably have to divide coding and building into separate activities, simply because a good enough robotics kit for this age group was not yet produced.
Although there’s little choice of kits for such young kids, there are plenty of ready-to-code robots. Jump here for a list. Most of them look friendly and cute, which will stimulate your child to interact with them. But even if they look different from outside, remember that most of them have similar possibilities, so buying several models is unlikely to translate into your child’s progress.
A more controversial question is: can you begin programming with four-year-olds? To learn coding for kids, you must know how to read, count, distinguish directions and be able to focus on one task for more than 30 minutes. It’s tough for a four-year-old to do.
Nonetheless, introducing elements of computational thinking, or creating sequences of tasks to perform is absolutely doable. Heck, it’s even screen-free! And since the majority of such products are designed for children and kids to enjoy together, they are perfect for homeschooling.
Most robotics kits sold nowadays have the official age recommendation. Unfortunately, it’s not always trustworthy. Before you purchase a robotics kit, try finding impartial reviews about its building and programming possibilities. If you want to read some of RoboCamp robotics kits reviews, go here.
Working space: Where to build and test robots that spin, crawl, jump, run...¶
All robots need a working space to roll on. A smooth, flat surface is best for testing out mobile robots and works great for assembling them, too. You can work on a large desk, but a floor covered with a special rubbery testing mat, or even a large piece of cardboard, will also do the job.
Avoid small, cluttered spaces, because that kind of environment is hard to work in. That’s also where parts usually tend to get lost, never to be seen again...
Remember to take the robotics kit into account. Unless it comes with a box for storage and sorting, you will need to fashion a basic storage system to protect more fragile elements and prolong their use. Reuse old boxes at home, or visit IKEA for sturdy (and tested!) SAMLA containers.
Some robotics projects may involve drawing, sticking, launching, erecting mazes and others, so it helps to have staple art accessories nearby. Make sure you have sharpies in black (line following), red and green (color detection), scissors, a bit of string (hoisting), sticky tape and cardboard (obstacle detection).
The process may be messy at times, so protect your furniture if you need to, but the rush of creativity is guaranteed!
Robotics equipment: What are the best robots for homeschoolers?¶
Every robot is slightly different and offers different benefits as an educational tool. Before you’re able to pinpoint the best robotics kit for your kid, here’s some rules of thumb on how to choose robots for kids.
First of all, very young children should not play with very small parts. Because of safety reasons (as numerous labels have surely warned you), but also because their fine motor skills have not yet fully developed. This hurdle can turn robot building into a frustrating, instead of stimulating, activity. Overestimating a child’s skills can easily discourage them from learning.
Picks for very young beginners: Littlecodr, Dash, Photon, mTiny, Robot Turtles, Sphero, Early Simple Machines
Underestimating a child’s abilities, in turn, is bound to make homeschool robotics boring. This problem appears already with 7-year-olds. Which is why the option to alter the robot construction, or rebuild it completely, is so important for them. Your young engineer may find a ready-made robot really cute because of its appearance, but is bound to be disappointed, if they cannot dismantle the gears and see the mechanisms hidden inside.
Coding possibilities are equally important. Beginner VPL will be inevitably simple (if not simplistic), but if one robotics kit can be programmed in several programming languages, you can kill two birds with one stone: learn more coding & save more money.
Homeschoolers on an advanced level enjoy the widest selection of robotics tools. They can opt for multi-robot kits, pick all parts individually, or even create them themselves! But your student must have some previous experience with easier sets, otherwise this level will be just too overwhelming. On a side note, advanced electronics usually can be programmed in text languages, which is a legitimate real-life skill on its own.
Advanced robotics selection: LEGO® Education MINDSTORMS EV3, Makeblock Ultimate 2.0, Tello EDU, and of course – Arduino
When you already have some experience with educational robotics, you can try comparing the possibilities of the kit to your child’s current level of skill and knowledge. Pay attention to their preferences. Do they like to assemble complex constructions, or would they rather experiment with programming? Always go with the robotics kit that has enough potential to further encourage your kid’s growth.
Shopping list: Everything you need to start¶
If you are tired of theory and have already decided that you want to start robotics right here, right now, you better get that shopping list started. Fortunately, it's not long and you can buy everything online.
What do you need to start robotics at home?
- Robotics kit of your choice – and there's plenty!
- Rechargable batteries and a charger to power your robot (could be optional)
- PC or laptop or tablet to write code for the robot to perform
- Dedicated programming environment to make the robot understand your commands
- RoboCamp lesson plans to guide you and make learning by playing even more worthwhile
The device you use for programming depends largely on the robotics kit you choose. In general, very young children learn more intuitively with tablets and producers take it into account. On the other hand, whenever programming software is available for both laptops and tablets, it often means that the tablet version is limited.
Whichever you choose, remember that in the long run, PC and laptop offer much more possibilities for growth.
Update 20/03/2020: Many people have been asking us for advice on Facebook on how to make robotics part of homeschool curriculum in times of emergency distance learning. Our team decided to make learning at home easier for you. Now, all homeschoolers get a special 50% discount on RoboCamp resources. And even though we are cutting the price by half, you're still getting access to all RoboCamp lessons. Check our newest additions here.
Just enter the promo code GDHOME when purchasing the subscription. Have fun learning, fellow robotics enthusiasts!
Frequent mistakes: Avoid 3 most common pitfalls¶
From our perspective as teachers, homeschool robotics already solves several persistent problems that school teachers face every day.
Firstly, you are not restrained by the school bell. The possibility to extend your lesson significantly expands the number of projects you can create and the selection of robotics kits you can use. Secondly, even though you must still respect your budget, you have much more freedom to select the equipment that you want. What’s more (and perhaps the most important), you can closely follow your student’s progress and tailor both the learning material and the equipment to best stimulate their growth.
As you probably expect, however, not everything about homeschool robotics is rosy.
For example, you have more freedom to buy the robots you want, but you will most likely have to buy them more often. Fortunately, you can further the possibilities of the kit you already have (and prolong its use!) with additional learning resources, or a new robotics curriculum. New projects, new robots can make your child see the kit in a new light and stimulate their creativity.
The next obstacle may be more difficult to overcome. Robotics projects created in pairs, or small groups, allow children to develop social skills, improve communication and practice working towards a shared goal. Some kids even learn faster this way. Nonetheless, homeschool robotics can occasionally involve working in groups. Consider inviting other kids interested in robotics for a co-op robotics session. Teamwork for the win!
As you progress, you will inevitably work with various robots and discover that not all of them are equally reliable. Electronics may fail, or worse, show inaccurate readouts. Parts can wear out, break, or just be faulty due to manufacturing errors. In some cases, the code doesn’t translate into actions the way it’s supposed to. Unfortunately, there is no simple solution here. Read in-depth equipment reviews, ask community or experts for advice, and don’t be afraid to return faulty kits.
Finally, don’t forget that mistakes are an essential part of the learning process, so don’t be too hard on yourself and enjoy this educational ride.
|
>> Make a Model of the Michigan Court System
Court of Appeals
Three branches of government
Social Studies Grade Level Content Expectations
Give an example of how Michigan state government fulfills one of the purposes of government.
Identify the three branches of government and the powers of each.
Explain how the state courts function to resolve conflict.
|
<issue_start>Title: very nearly perfect
user0: This very nearly worked completely out of the box for me. You're **AMAZING**!
```
mail:
image: tvial/docker-mailserver
hostname: mail
domainname: toxik.io
cap_add:
- NET_ADMIN
ports:
- "25:25"
- "143:143"
- "587:587"
- "993:993"
volumes:
- ./spamassassin:/tmp/spamassassin/
- ./postfix:/tmp/postfix/
- /etc/letsencrypt:/etc/letsencrypt
environment:
DMS_SSL: letsencrypt
```
It did have a fit with a few things:
1. cnames on mail servers (yay for me being abnormal) - `mail.toxik.io` isn't my normal letsencrypt cert name, just `toxik.io` and lots of cnames in the same file. I had to run `letsencrypt certonly -d mail.toxik.io` to get a dir for just the mail. - it's weird for me, but that's ok.
2. configs searched for in mail server - thunderbird thinks the server is using `m.toxik.io` when the ssl cert is `mail.toxik.io`, when searching default configs. Oh well, just confirm security excemption.
3. gmail didn't get a secure ssl delivery (and it shows it failed to send via ssl) - more in the logs, and it ending up in the spam folder (but hey, that's usually the case).
Still, you do have an image that I could tell "Here's my domain, here's my letsencrypt folder, have at it", which is really nice.
Boring logs:
```
root@ubuntu-2gb-sfo1-01:/home/hksp/docker-mailserver# docker-compose up
Creating dockermailserver_mail_1
Attaching to dockermailserver_mail_1
mail_1 | Regenerating postfix 'vmailbox' and 'virtual' for given users
mail_1 | user 'admin' for domain 'toxik.io' with password '********'
mail_1 | user 'alex' for domain 'toxik.io' with password '********'
mail_1 | user 'hksp' for domain 'toxik.io' with password '********'
mail_1 | Postfix configurations
mail_1 | Creating DKIM private key /etc/opendkim/keys/toxik.io/mail.private
mail_1 | /etc/opendkim/keys/toxik.io /
mail_1 | /
mail_1 |
mail_1 | DKIM PUBLIC KEY ################################################################
mail_1 | mail._domainkey IN TXT ( "v=DKIM1; k=rsa; "
mail_1 | "p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDMWELmBI1jUP50F0T+u7GsP0FfzFzpZqH3JKto4YqT8zb+nZ4KyE2xFB3DErYQGfGeFJ01+gro4Sp60m3LwoMoeICMuA2vy44lwXmVej2LvoX8w3igFaYtxx0JvF620En9s17XHkLrg08b1DKKWW13luq9dWm7hZR2PgSDE6M36QIDAQAB" ) ; ----- DKIM key mail for toxik.io
mail_1 | ################################################################################
mail_1 | Creating DKIM KeyTable
mail_1 | Creating DKIM SigningTable
mail_1 | Changing permissions on /etc/opendkim
mail_1 | SSL configured with letsencrypt certificates
mail_1 | Fixing permissions
mail_1 | Creating /etc/mailname
mail_1 | Configuring Spamassassin
mail_1 | Configuring fail2ban
mail_1 | Starting daemons
mail_1 | * Starting enhanced syslogd rsyslogd
mail_1 | ...done.
mail_1 | * Starting saslauthd
mail_1 | ...done.
mail_1 | * Starting Courier authentication services authdaemond
mail_1 | ...done.
mail_1 | * Starting Courier IMAP server imapd
mail_1 | ...done.
mail_1 | * Starting Courier IMAP-SSL server imapd-ssl
mail_1 | ...done.
mail_1 | Starting SpamAssassin Mail Filter Daemon: spamd.
mail_1 | * Starting ClamAV daemon clamd
mail_1 | LibClamAV Warning: **************************************************
mail_1 | LibClamAV Warning: *** The virus database is older than 7 days! ***
mail_1 | LibClamAV Warning: *** Please update it as soon as possible. ***
mail_1 | LibClamAV Warning: **************************************************
mail_1 | ...done.
mail_1 | Starting amavisd: amavisd-new.
mail_1 | Starting OpenDKIM: opendkim.
mail_1 | Starting OpenDMARC: opendmarc.
mail_1 | * Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent postfix
[Truncated]
mail_1 | Mar 12 05:36:09 mail postfix/smtpd[814]: connect from localhost[127.0.0.1]
mail_1 | Mar 12 05:36:09 mail postfix/smtpd[814]: 2533EADE: client=localhost[127.0.0.1]
mail_1 | Mar 12 05:36:09 mail postfix/cleanup[806]: 2533EADE: message-id=<<EMAIL>>
mail_1 | Mar 12 05:36:09 mail opendkim[599]: 2533EADE: DKIM-Signature field added (s=mail, d=toxik.io)
mail_1 | Mar 12 05:36:09 mail postfix/qmgr[718]: 2533EADE: from=<<EMAIL>>, size=1498, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
mail_1 | Mar 12 05:36:09 mail amavis[737]: (00737-01) Passed CLEAN {RelayedOpenRelay}, [69.146.91.135]:50100 [69.146.91.135] <<EMAIL>> -> <<EMAIL>>, Queue-ID: 37164ACD, Message-ID: <<EMAIL>>, mail_id: BLArSP4F9XnN, Hits: -0.89, size: 1096, queued_as: 2533EADE, 4451 ms
mail_1 | Mar 12 05:36:09 mail postfix/smtp[807]: 37164ACD: to=<<EMAIL>>, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10024, delay=5.3, delays=0.65/0.08/0.18/4.4, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 from MTA(smtp:[127.0.0.1]:10025): 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 2533EADE)
mail_1 | Mar 12 05:36:09 mail postfix/qmgr[718]: 37164ACD: removed
mail_1 | Mar 12 05:36:09 mail postfix/smtp[815]: connect to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[2607:f8b0:400e:c04::1a]:25: Network is unreachable
mail_1 | Mar 12 05:36:09 mail postfix/smtp[815]: Untrusted TLS connection established to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.28.27]:25: TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)
mail_1 | Mar 12 05:36:10 mail postfix/smtp[815]: 2533EADE: to=<<EMAIL>>, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.28.27]:25, delay=1, delays=0.09/0.13/0.38/0.42, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 OK 1457760970 o65si5357498pfi.251 - gsmtp)
mail_1 | Mar 12 05:36:10 mail postfix/qmgr[718]: 2533EADE: removed
mail_1 | Mar 12 05:39:25 mail postfix/anvil[732]: statistics: max connection rate 2/60s for (submission:69.146.91.135) at Mar 12 05:33:41
mail_1 | Mar 12 05:39:25 mail postfix/anvil[732]: statistics: max connection count 1 for (smtp:69.146.91.135) at Mar 12 05:33:41
mail_1 | Mar 12 05:39:25 mail postfix/anvil[732]: statistics: max cache size 2 at Mar 12 05:33:41
```
I know I'm terrible for including the whole thing in an issue.
Thank You for making this beautiful and wonderful thing.
user1: Hi @user0,
Regarding your certs, you can create a cert for multiple hostname.
Let's imagine your cert is in `toxic.io` folder and your mail hostname is `mail.toxic.io`, you just have to symlink `mail.toxic.io` to `toxic.io` folder.
Regarding Thunderbird, I'm sorry but I really can't help you.
Regarding google, it seems that the ssl connection being kept by Google.
If you speak french, I found this article: https://www.skyminds.net/postfix-resoudre-lerreur-untrusted-tls-connection-established-to-gmail/
There's probably this directive to add and test.
user1: "Same" article in english : http://askubuntu.com/questions/73865/postfix-gmail-certificate-verification-failed
Currently, I don't have time to code but will help people who want to contribute.
user1: @user0 hope this helps. Let me know and reopen if needed.<issue_closed>
|
Was the key to dog domestication … spaghetti?
This is Sandra Tsing Loh with the Loh Down on Science.
Fido may be mankind’s fave friend. But we don’t have a doggone idea why or how dogs became domesticated. Okay, we do have some ideas. Here's one of them, from Erik Axelsson, of Uppsala University.
He compared the genomes of dozens of breeds to their doggy granddaddy--the wolf. What did he dig up? Well, three genetic mutations found only in dogs stuck out like a sore dewclaw. All three? Linked to … scarfing down starch! Specifically, to breaking down starch into glucose, which all animals use for fuel. Make no bones about it: Real wolves ate meat. But some cur, somewhere, started cramming carbs.
Axelsson thinks it started when humans settled down to farm. Some wolves began snacking on our starchy scraps. They got used to it. We got used to them. And this drove them out of the wild and into a lap of luxury.
It’s a tale worthy of its own TV series. Call it … Starchski and Hutch-puppy. Buh-dum bum.
|
Spotlight on Women's Health
Dr. Michael Twery
What You Should Know About Sleep
April 09, 2018
It can be tough to make time for sleep, especially when you’re trying to juggle family, friends, work, and your other commitments. But sleep is worth prioritizing. Dr. Michael Twery, the director of the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research at NHLBI, shares why sleep is important, how much you need, and what you should know about sleep disorders.
Expand all
Collapse all
How much sleep do women need each night?
Adults need a regular schedule of seven to eight hours in bed each night, and they need good quality sleep. Scientists have discovered that while many people may feel awake after getting less sleep, sleeping for shorter periods of time or following an irregular sleep schedule does not help your organs work together at their best. How long you sleep, your schedule, and the quality of sleep all contribute to achieving your best health and well-being. Not getting enough sleep is associated with diseases such as diabetes, depression, obesity, and heart disease.
Does this number change as women age?
No. While your ability to find time for sleep may vary based on your family, job, and care-taking responsibilities, the average need for sleep does not change with age.
What should women know about sleep disorders, and what should they do if they think they have a problem?
If you feel that excessive daytime sleepiness is getting in the way of your daytime activities despite getting enough sleep, you should consider discussing your symptoms with your doctor. I suggest keeping a daily diary to track when you’re in bed, when you wake at night, and your use of medications, alcohol, and nicotine products. This may provide clues that your doctor can use to understand what’s going on and how to help you.
Other symptoms to include in a sleep diary would be difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep; feeling awake but unable to move; vivid dreams; and waking up at night because of itchy feelings, loud snoring, or gasping for air. Getting evaluated for sleep problems may be especially important if you have high blood pressure or diabetes or if you’re at risk of having a stroke. Also, tell your doctor about family members who were told by a doctor that they have a sleep disorder.
Why is sleep important for good health?
Recent scientific advances have revealed that sleep plays a role in the health of nearly every cell in our bodies. Irregular sleep schedules, not getting enough sleep, and poor-quality sleep also interfere with how well our cells and organs work together.
Frequent lack of sleep can affect our ability to fight off some infections, cope with stress, and regulate metabolism. Sleep also contributes to brain health by shaping memories and restoring emotional energy that can influence relationships and motivation. Current research is exploring whether frequent lack of sleep might be involved in brain disorders linked to stress or memory loss.
What should women know about taking medicines to help them sleep?
I encourage women to avoid trying to self-medicate. If you frequently have trouble sleeping, talk to your doctor to come up with a plan that will work for you.
Are there habits that get in the way of good sleep?
Yes. Caffeine can interfere with the natural chemistry of feeling sleepy, even if you had a cup of coffee five hours before bedtime. Drinking alcohol before bed can disturb the pattern and quality of your sleep. Also, watching television, texting, and reading in bed are habits that can get in the way of going to sleep. Focusing on these activities can become a mental routine that interferes with how the brain transitions from being awake to sleeping. Light from these activities also weakens your body’s ability to release hormones that prepare your body for sleep.
What steps can women take to get better sleep?
Go to sleep at the same time each night. Set aside time to prepare for sleep, and give yourself seven undisturbed hours in bed. Taking time to relax, such as with a warm bath, can help your body prepare for sleep. Lastly, sleeping in a dark, quiet, and cool room can help you sleep.
Is there anything else you’d like to share?
Like eating well and exercising, getting plenty of sleep can help you achieve your best for your family and career, and it can improve your well-being for years to come. Sleep health is a fundamental requirement of life — it’s not an option.
Get more tips for better sleep and learn more about sleep basics.
|
Washington, D.C. — Pope Francis has gently but firmly reminded U.S. political leaders they have a responsibility to work for the common good of humanity, citing a president, a minister, and two Catholics radically dedicated to social justice and peace-building as examples for their work.
In the first papal address to a joint meeting of the House of Representatives and the Senate on Thursday, Francis made his main message clear almost immediately.
The pope told the politicians, known for their divisive and sometimes inane arguments, that they are "called to defend and preserve the dignity of your fellow citizens in the tireless and demanding pursuit of the common good."
Then, the pontiff gave them four examples to guide them in pursuing that work -- including two of the most radical thinkers and activists in U.S. Catholic history: Dorothy Day, ardent pacifist and founder of the Catholic Worker movement; and Thomas Merton, a Trappist monk and spiritual writer known for social activism.
The other two examples cited by Francis: President Abraham Lincoln and Protestant minister and civil rights icon Martin Luther King, Jr.
Starting his highly anticipated address to hundreds of members of Congress, the Cabinet and the Supreme Court on the floor of the House of Representatives, the pope said he wanted to use the opportunity to address through them "the entire people of the United States."
"Here, together with their representatives, I would like to take this opportunity to dialogue with the many thousands of men and women who strive each day to do an honest day’s work, to bring home their daily bread, to save money and -- one step at a time -- to build a better life for their families," said Francis.
Then he told the politicians he wanted to choose Lincoln, King, Day, and Merton as examples in order to allow him to dialogue with Americans "through the historical memory of your people."
"These men and women offer us a way of seeing and interpreting reality," said Francis. "In honoring their memory, we are inspired, even amid conflicts, and in the here and now of each day, to draw upon our deepest cultural reserves."
Along the way in detailing each figure's life and work, the pope touched upon a number of pressing issues, including: The continuing Middle Eastern refugee crisis, the role of the market economy, immigration, climate change, use of the death penalty, poverty, the arms trade, and the role of young people.
Francis told the political leaders that politics is "an expression of our compelling need to live as one, in order to build as one the greatest common good: that of a community which sacrifices particular interests in order to share, in justice and peace, its goods, its interests, its social life."
"I do not underestimate the difficulty that this involves, but I encourage you in this effort," he said.
As one narrative lens for his speech, Francis cited the Golden Rule -- Jesus' teaching in Matthew's Gospel to "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you."
Addressing specifically the current refugee crisis -- which he said was "of a magnitude not seen since the Second World War" -- Francis said we "must not be taken aback by their numbers."
Rather, he said, we must "view them as persons, seeing their faces and listening to their stories, trying to respond as best we can to their situation."
"We need to avoid a common temptation nowadays: to discard whatever proves troublesome," said the pope. "Let us remember the Golden Rule."
"This Rule points us in a clear direction," said Francis. "Let us treat others with the same passion and compassion with which we want to be treated. Let us seek for others the same possibilities which we seek for ourselves. Let us help others to grow, as we would like to be helped ourselves."
"In a word, if we want security, let us give security; if we want life, let us give life; if we want opportunities, let us provide opportunities," said the pontiff. "The yardstick we use for others will be the yardstick which time will use for us. The Golden Rule also reminds us of our responsibility to protect and defend human life at every stage of its development."
Francis then said that that conviction regarding the Golden Rule "has led me, from the beginning of my ministry, to advocate at different levels for the global abolition of the death penalty."
"I am convinced that this way is the best, since every life is sacred, every human person is endowed with an inalienable dignity, and society can only benefit from the rehabilitation of those convicted of crimes," he told the political leaders.
"Recently my brother bishops here in the United States renewed their call for the abolition of the death penalty," said the pope. "Not only do I support them, but I also offer encouragement to all those who are convinced that a just and necessary punishment must never exclude the dimension of hope and the goal of rehabilitation."
Later in the speech, Francis turned to Day to speak of the need to respond to social concerns of our day and Merton to stress the importance of dialogue and inter-religious encounter.
Both citations are certainly extraordinary, as both figures were 20th century Catholic converts who sometimes bothered bishops with their fervent commitments to social justice.
Along with French Catholic Peter Maurin, Day opened the first Catholic Worker house in New York's bowery neighborhood in 1933, offering free bread and conversation to anyone who stopped by.
She was also staunchly pacifist, frequently protesting the U.S. government and bishops for their support of nuclear deterrent at the height of the Cold War.
Merton, who became a Trappist monk after his conversion, was a popular spiritual writer who was once silenced by his superiors for his deeply personal and inter-religious writings.
Francis said that in times of social concerns likes ours that "I cannot fail to mention the Servant of God Dorothy Day."
"Her social activism, her passion for justice and for the cause of the oppressed, were inspired by the Gospel, her faith, and the example of the saints," he said.
The pope then encouraged U.S. leaders, in Day's name, to continue to fight poverty.
"I would encourage you to keep in mind all those people around us who are trapped in a cycle of poverty," said the pontiff. "They too need to be given hope. The fight against poverty and hunger must be fought constantly and on many fronts, especially in its causes."
"It goes without saying that part of this great effort is the creation and distribution of wealth," he continued. "The right use of natural resources, the proper application of technology and the harnessing of the spirit of enterprise are essential elements of an economy which seeks to be modern, inclusive and sustainable."
Then, quoting from his recent encyclical Laudato Si', the pope called on Congress to work to fight climate change -- saying "I am convinced that we can make a difference, I'm sure, and I have no doubt that the United States -- and this Congress -- have an important role to play."
The pope turned to Merton, who wrote compellingly about links between Catholicism and Eastern religions, as an example of dialogue and inter-religious encounter.
"When countries which have been at odds resume the path of dialogue -- a dialogue which may have been interrupted for the most legitimate of reasons -- new opportunities open up for all," Francis said. "This has required, and requires, courage and daring, which is not the same as irresponsibility."
"A good political leader is one who, with the interests of all in mind, seizes the moment in a spirit of openness and pragmatism," the pontiff told the politicians. "A good political leader always opts to initiate processes rather than possessing spaces."
Some of the strongest comments of the morning were reserved for the global arms trade, which Francis said leads to "money that is drenched in blood, often innocent blood."
"In the face of this shameful and culpable silence, it is our duty to confront the problem and to stop the arms trade," he told the politicians.
The pontiff ended the address with a nod to the World Meeting of Families in Philadelphia, where he will be traveling on Saturday. He said he thought especially of young people, saying some are "disoriented and aimless, trapped in a hopeless maze of violence, abuse and despair."
"Their problems are our problems," said the pope. "We cannot avoid them. We need to face them together, to talk about them and to seek effective solutions rather than getting bogged down in discussions."
Francis spoke to the U.S. political leaders for just over 50-minutes, using slow and carefully pronounced English. People in the chamber gave the pope a standing ovation several times -- most notably at his mention of the Golden Rule.
There were a few times when members of one political party seemed to be clapping more enthusiastically than members of the other. Francis' words about welcoming foreigners seemed to attract more Democratic enthusiasm, for example, where his comments on protecting life were welcomed most by Republicans.
The chamber was noticeably silent during his remarks on the arms trade.
According to Congressional protocol, Francis was introduced to the chamber as "the Pope of the Holy See." Also according to protocol, seated behind him during his remarks were two Catholics -- Democrat Vice President Joe Biden, in his role as President of the Senate, and Republican Speaker John Boehner.
Following his address, Francis went out to the west side of the Capitol building to address a packed crowd of thousands on the National Mall who watched his address on large screens. Standing next to Boehner, who was crying in emotion at the event, the pope asked those present for prayers.
The pontiff also encouraged non-believers to send him good wishes.
Francis made one notable change to his prepared remarks for the occasion, removing a few sentences in which he had planned to quote the beginning of the Declaration of Independence.
"All political activity must serve and promote the good of the human person and be based on respect for his or her dignity," the prepared text had told the political leaders.
"If politics must truly be at the service of the human person, it follows that it cannot be a slave to the economy and finance," it said.
[Joshua J. McElwee is an NCR Vatican correspondent. His email address is [email protected]. Follow him on Twitter: @joshjmac. NCR National Correspondent Vinnie Rotondaro contributed to this report.]
|
Reviewed and Revised on 10/15/2013
In days past, energy was cheap and energy efficiency was not a concern. As energy prices increased, homeowners sought to reduce costs by insulating attics, walls, and basements, which reduced large-scale heat transfer and energy loss. Recently, due to high energy costs, better materials, and better information, homeowners and builders are reducing the air leaks to reduce energy loss and and costs. In some homes, the home natural air exchange (replacement of indoor air with outdoor air) may happen every four to 10 hours, compared with every 30 minutes 40 years ago.
Although an airtight home saves energy, this reduction of outside air entering the structure can cause problems with indoor air quality. Two of the most common quality issues are excess of humidity and pollutants.
Relative humidity is the ratio of the amount of water vapor in air compared with the maximum amount of water vapor the air may hold at a particular temperature. Dew point is the temperature at which the relative humidity is 100% and condensation forms. Warm air has the capacity to hold more water vapor than cold air. As the air cools, the temperature gets closer to the dew point, or the point where the water vapor begins to settle out of the air in the form of condensation. Roughly, a 20°F drop in temperature cuts the water-holding capacity in half and doubles the relative humidity.
In tight homes, human activities such as showers, drying clothes, and cooking raise the relative humidity to problematic levels, leading to condensation on windows and high humidity that may lead to mold growth.
The recommended relative humidity for people is around 40-60% for health and comfort. When warm, moist air comes in contact with cool surfaces, moisture condenses on the surface if it is below the dew point. Just as water condenses on a glass of ice water, condensation will form on cold surfaces in a home. This can happen on windows, doors, floors, and even inside walls. Sustained wet conditions may cause structural damage and associated problems with rot and mold.
Different pollutants exist in different levels in different homes. Examples include carbon monoxide (CO) and other pollutants from combustion appliances and back drafting of chimneys or flues, radon gas from the soil under foundations, formaldehyde and other fumes from building materials, mold spores, dust mites, insect residue, smoke, and particulates.
Controlling pollutant sources is the most important strategy for good indoor air quality, but some fresh air ventilation is still needed to dilute what cannot be avoided. Filtration systems are the third and last strategy for good air quality. For additional information see Pollutants in Homes.
As mentioned above having a leaky house is not a solution to having ventilation. Instead, the ideal is to "build tight, and vent right" with controlled, mechanical fresh air ventilation that is ducted in from a planned, clean location and filtered. More energy can be saved with special equipment such as a heat or energy recovery ventilator to exchange heat between the outgoing and incoming air.
ASHRAE has set the standard for minimum ventilation standards in homes. Care must be taken when reducing the natural ventilation in your home, so the indoor air quality is not reduced below acceptable levels.
|
In another thread it became obvious that some people do not understand the difference between f-stops and t-stops. The page from wikipedia is actually pretty good on the subject and so I will reference it. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-number f-stops are calculated via a mathematical formula of focal length divided by the aperture diameter, t-stops are actually measured via light transmittance through the lens. No lens has 100% transmittance of light so a t-stop is always higher than an f-stop. Different lenses can vary a fair amount from others in how much light actually transmits through it.
|
The Assumption is the belief that Mary, at the conclusion of her earthly life, was taken body and soul to heaven. It is implied in various passages of Scripture, probably most vividly in Revelation 12, and was believed by the early Christians, as indicated by the ancient liturgies and writings. Perhaps the greatest historical proof of the Assumption, though, is the fact that no individual or community has ever claimed to possess Mary’s body.1 One can be certain that had the body of Mary, by far the most exalted of the Saints, remained on earth, the followers of Christ would have been well aware of it.
There happen to be two different beliefs concerning the place of Mary’s passing: one pointing to Jerusalem; the other to Ephesus. Of the two, the former tradition is older and better substantiated. Interestingly enough, an empty, first-century tomb was discovered during excavations at the site of her passing in Jerusalem in 1972 (see Bellarmino Bagatti, Michael Piccirillo, and Albert Prodomo, O.F.M., New Discoveries at the Tomb of the Virgin Mary in Gethsemane, Jerusalem: Franciscan Printing Press, 1975). Some scholars have doubted the authenticity of this tomb since it was not referred to by the early Fathers who lived in Palestine, such as Cyril of Jerusalem (d. 386), Epiphanius (d. 403), and Jerome (d. 420). But, as archeologist Bellarmino Bagatti pointed out, Mary’s tomb was generally avoided by early Christians of Gentile origin because it stood on the property of Judeo-Christians, who “were considered schismatics if not heretics” (ibid., p. 15). For the same reason, other holy sites, such as the Upper Room, do not appear in early writings either (ibid.). It should be remembered as well that the forces of the Roman General Titus obliterated Jerusalem in the year 70, concealing places sacred to Judaism and Christianity beneath the rubble. In 135, the Emperor Hadrian leveled the city again with the express purpose of constructing pagan temples atop the ruins of holy sites. The spot of Mary’s passing and other sacred places remained lost until the fourth century at least when the Emperor Constantine the Great gradually began to restore Christianity’s hallowed sites, starting with the Holy Sepulchre in 336.] The Assumption provides an example of a disciple of Christ following after Him in a bodily resurrection, pointing to the reality for which all Christians hope. Ultimately, it attests not to her holiness, moreover, but to the holiness of Jesus, on whose account she received special prerogatives.
While it has always been believed by Christians, the Assumption was officially declared a dogma of the Catholic Church by Pope Pius XII in 1950. Certainly one can see God’s loving wisdom in affirming Mary’s bodily resurrection to the world at the midpoint of a century that witnessed so many grave injustices against the dignity of the human person. At the time of the dogma’s proclamation, the world was emerging from the horrors of the Nazi death camps and swiftly approaching the state-protected killing of the unborn child. The nobility of woman and her chief vocation of motherhood have especially been assaulted by modern society, which has focused inordinately upon her exterior beauty and sought ever to reduce her to an object of lust. In stark contrast to these proclamations of the culture of death, Mary’s Assumption declares the dignity of womanhood and of the human body, of the human person, in a powerful way.
The dogma of the Assumption rests upon the Church’s authority to feed Christ’s sheep (cf. John 21:15-17; Luke 10:16) and Our Savior’s promise that His Church shall teach the truth (cf. John 14:26; 16:13; Matt. 16:18-19; 1 Tim. 3:15). This infallible authority has always been trusted to divine the true teaching when disputes have risen among the faithful. We see this in the calling of the Council of Jerusalem (Acts 15); in Paul’s seeking of the Apostles’ approval of his preaching many years after his conversion (Gal. 2:1-2); and in the actions of the latter Ecumenical Councils, which proclaimed the divinity of Christ in 325, the divinity of the Holy Spirit in 381, and Mary’s divine maternity in 431.
Theologically, the Assumption is closely related to the Immaculate Conception, which states that Mary, by a special grace from God, was spared from the stain of original sin from the first moment of her existence. Her freedom from sin is implicit in God’s promise upon the Fall of Man to place enmity between the devil and the Mother of the Redeemer (Gen. 3:15). Going back to apostolic times, the Church has revered Mary as the New Eve, faithful helpmate of the New Adam. Just as the first Eve believed the lies of Satan, a fallen angel, and by rejecting God’s plan brought sin and death into the world; so the New Eve believed the truths of Gabriel, an Archangel, and by cooperating with God’s plan brought salvation and life into the world. In contemplating Mary as the New Eve, moreover, we come to realize that in orchestrating our redemption, God in a surprisingly literal way reversed the events of our fall. Originally, for example, Adam came first; and Eve was formed from his flesh. In the redemption, Mary, the New Eve, came first; and Christ, the New Adam, was formed from her flesh. Coincidentally, this is why in the New Covenant the woman and man were mother and son, not spouses as Adam and Eve had been.
That Mary possessed Eve’s innocence before the fall means she was likely exempt from its punishment: labor pains and bodily death (cf. Gen. 3:16, 19; Rom. 6:23). Even if not excused from these things entirely, however, it is appropriate at least that extraordinary graces were given her in childbirth and in death.2
Like the rising of the bodies of the saints after the Crucifixion (cf. Matt. 27:52), the Assumption is a precursor to the bodily resurrection of the faithful on Judgment Day, when they shall be “caught up … in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air” (1 Thess. 4:17).3 The Bible does not oppose the concept of a bodily assumption into heaven. In Scripture, Enoch and Elijah are taken up bodily to heaven (cf. Gen. 5:24; 2 Kgs. 2:11; Heb. 11:5). It is true that the Bible does not explicitly state that Mary was assumed. Yet by the same token, the Bible does not deny or contradict her Assumption.4 Moreover, while a direct account of the Assumption is not found in Scripture, it may be inferred from certain passages concerning the Ark of the Covenant, a type of Mary. The Ark was made of incorruptible wood and overlaid with pure gold because of the holiness of the objects it was designed to carry likewise (cf. Ex. 25:10-11); likewise the Virgin was endowed with spiritual and physical purity and incorruptibility in preparation for bearing the Son of God. That Mary’s incorrupt body, the Ark of the New Covenant, would be taken to heaven is indicated in Psalm 132:8, which states, “Arise, O Lord, and go to thy resting place, thou and the ark of thy might.” That the Old-Covenant Ark mysteriously vanished at a certain point in history foreshadows Our Lady’s Assumption as well.5 The sacred vessel remained hidden for centuries until the Apostle John caught a glimpse of it in heaven, as he describes in Revelation: “Then God’s temple in heaven was opened, and the ark of his covenant was seen within his temple … . And a great portent appeared in heaven, a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet and on her head a crown of twelve stars” (11:19, 12:1). John’s vision of the Mother of Redeemer dwelling bodily in paradise is the closest thing we have to an eyewitness account of the Assumption. He goes on to explain that she had been taken up to heaven following the Lord’s Ascension. “Her child,” he declares, “was caught up to God and to his throne, and the woman fled into the wilderness, where she has a place prepared by God, in which to be nourished for one thousand two hundred and sixty days” (12:5-6). Similarly he says, “The woman was given the two wings of the great eagle that she might fly from the serpent into the wilderness, to the place where she is to be nourished for a time, and times, and half a time” (12:14).6
The earliest extant writings on the Assumption are various apocryphal and pseudoepigraphical texts, which fall under the general heading of the Transitus Mariae or Passing of Mary. The oldest of these, believed to have been composed during the second century by Leucius Karinus, a disciple of John, is thought to be based upon an original document from the apostolic era, which is no longer extant.7
The early Church’s belief that the Blessed Virgin was incorrupt in body and soul implicitly supports the Assumption. The anonymous Letter to Diognetus (cf. 125), for instance, refers to her as a Virgin that cannot be deceived.8 In fact, many ancient writers, most notably Saints Justin the Martyr (d. ca. 165) and Irenaeus of Lyons (d. ca. 202), contrasted Mary in her fidelity to Eve in her sinfulness. Saint Hippolytus of Rome (d. 235), a student of Ireneaus, compared Mary’s flesh to the “incorruptible timber” of the Ark (Commentary on Psalm 22). The Sub Tuum Praesidium prayer, composed in about the mid-third century, calls Mary “alone pure and alone blessed.”
In Saint Ephraim the Syrian’s Hymns on the Nativity, from the mid-fourth century, using imagery that recalls Revelation 12:4, Mary seems to foretell the conveyance of her body to heaven, saying, “The Babe that I carry has carried me … . He bent down His pinions and took and put me between His wings and soared into the air” (17:1). In 377, Saint Epiphanius of Salamis wrote, “How will holy Mary not possess the kingdom of heaven with her flesh, since she was not unchaste, nor dissolute, nor did she ever commit adultery, and since she never did anything wrong as far as fleshly actions are concerned, but remained stainless?” (Panarion 42:12). Some have suggested he could not have believed in the Assumption since he speaks here of Mary’s bodily entrance into heaven in the future tense. Yet he remarked later in the same document, “If she was slain, … then she obtained glory together with the martyrs, and her body … dwells among those who enjoy the repose of the blessed” (ibid. 78:23; emphasis added). Speculating on her death, he went on to say that either
she died or did not die, … she was buried or was not buried. … Scripture simply is silent, because of the greatness of the prodigy, in order not to strike the mind of man with excessive wonder. …
If the holy Virgin is dead and has been buried, surely her dominion happened with great honor; her end was most pure and crowned by virginit. …
Or she continued to live. For, to God, it is not impossible to do whatever he wills; on the other hand, no one knows exactly what her end was (ibid. 78:11, 23).
That Epiphanius did not know the details of Mary’s passing is perfectly understandable–Christians still do not know the details of it and it is likely the Apostles themselves did not know either, for her body was taken from within an enclosed tomb.9 Unlike other early writers, however, Epiphanius avoided inventing the details for himself. Though he did not know exactly what had taken place, he knew, in light of Mary’s perfect sanctity, that her passing had to have been miraculous–something that would “strike the mind of man with excessive wonder”–and that she could not have remained in the grave. “In the Apocalypse of John,” he also noted, “we read that the dragon hurled himself at the woman who had given birth to a male child; but the wings of an eagle were given to the woman, and she flew into the desert, where the dragon could not reach her. This could have happened in Mary’s case (Rev. 12:13-14)” (ibid. 78:11).
At the start of the fifth century, or earlier, the feast of the Commemoration of Mary–that is, the commemoration of her passing–was introduced into the Eastern Liturgy, placing it among the oldest of the Church’s official feast days.10 Around the year 400, Chrysippus of Jerusalem commented on Psalm 132, “The truly royal Ark, the most precious Ark, was the ever-Virgin Theotokos; the Ark which received the treasure of all sanctification” (On Psalm 131(132)).
An orthodox writer from this same time period, operating under the nom de plume of Saint Melito of Sardis, a near-contemporary of Leucius, reproached him for having “corrupted the most ancient text by expounding his personal ideas which do not agree with the teaching of the Apostles” (Bagatti, et al., p. 11). This author endeavored to restore the true account of the Assumption, which he alleged Leucius had “corrupted with an evil pen” (The Passing of the Holy Virgin, Prologue).
In about 437, Saint Quodvultdeus identified the Woman in Revelation 12 as the Blessed Virgin, noting, “Let none of you ignore (the fact) that the dragon (in the Apocalypse of the apostle John) is the devil; know that the virgin signifies Mary, the chaste one, who gave birth to our chaste head” (Third Homily 3:5).
In about the middle of the fifth century, Saint Hesychius of Jerusalem wrote, “The Ark of thy sanctification, the Virgin theotokos surely. If thou art the pearl then she must be the Ark” (Homily on Holy Mary, Mother of God). Around 530, Oecumenius said of Revelation 12, “Rightly does the vision show her in heaven and not upon the earth, as pure in soul and body” (Commentary on the Apocalpyse). Writing of the Assumption near the end of the sixth century, Saint Gregory of Tours (unlike Epiphanius) did not avoid the incidental details of the Transitus story. “And behold,” wrote Gregory, “again the Lord stood by (the Apostles); the holy body (of Mary) having been received, He commanded that it be taken in a cloud into paradise” (Eight Books of Miracles 1:4).
Critics of the Church’s Marian teachings have made much of the fact that the earliest-known accounts of the Assumption are found in apocryphal writings, and that the Church Fathers did not speak of it before the late-fourth century.
It is also true, however, that the Fathers did not look to correct belief in the Assumption; they simply remained silent on the matter–an unprecedented stance if it was a heretical teaching, especially given its prevalence among the faithful. It is unlikely, indeed, that the concept of Mary’s Assumption, which upholds the sanctity of the human body, could have originated among the Gnostics, given that they denounced the body and all things physical. The Apocrypha, in fact, were often not the work of heretics, but of orthodox Christians seeking to impose details upon real events from the lives of Christ and the Saints that were otherwise shrouded in mystery. While apocryphists embellished the story of the Assumption, they did not invent it. The fact that the Transitus existed virtually everywhere in the Christian world, appearing in multiple languages, including Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Coptic, Syriac, Ethiopic, and Arabic, proves the story of Mary’s Assumption was spread universally in the early centuries and, therefore, of apostolic origin.
While the Church has ever been cognizant of the danger involved in relying upon works of a spurious nature, it cannot be denied that kernels of truth prevail in many such works. Recall, for example, that Saint Jude refers to the Assumption of Moses and First Enoch in his New Testament Letter (see Jude 1:9, 14 ff.). Origin wisely observed:
We are not unaware that many of these secret writings were produced by men, famous for their iniquity. … We must therefore use caution in accepting all these secret writings that circulate under the name of saints … because some of them were written to destroy the truth of our Scripture and to impose a false teaching. On the other hand, we should not totally reject writings that might be useful in shedding light on the Scripture. It is a sign of a great man to hear and carry out the advice of Scripture: “Test everything; retain what is good” (1 Thess. 5:21) (Commentaries on Matthew 28).
In 494, Pope Saint Gelasius, seeking to guard the faithful against the potentially corruptive influence of the numerous religious writings of questionable authorship that plagued the Christian world, reissued the list of canonical books drawn up by his predecessor, Pope Saint Damasus, coupled with a lengthy catalog of acceptable and unacceptable extra-biblical books.
Opponents of the Church have made an issue of the fact that an apocryphal writing on the Assumption is included among the forbidden books in Gelasius’ decre, but the Pope condemned an apocryphal account of the Assumption, of course, and not the Assumption itself.
Apocryphal accounts of other orthodox beliefs are likewise condemned in the decree–the Protoevangelium of James, for instance, deals with the Nativity; and the Acts of Peter deals with Peter’s missionary activity and martyrdom in Rome. Even more to the point, the writings of Tertullian are banned, though his writings, for instance, simply entitled Baptism and Repentance, defend the orthodox position on these subjects. Does Gelasius’ condemnation of these books amount to the rejection of Baptism and repentance, then, or does it have to do more with a question of Tertullian’s character?
Clearly, the banning of a book in the Gelasian Decree cannot be said to be a wholesale rejection of the book’s subject matter or contents. In many cases, more scholarship would be required by the Church to sift out the truly harmful elements from these books. In the meantime, placing them under the ban was prudent given the uncertainty surrounding them.11
For those seeking to find in the Gelasian Decree some compromise of Papal Infallibility, it should be explained that the banning of a book has nothing to do with the Pope’s infallibility since it is merely a disciplinary action, not connected with the defining of dogma. By nature, a disciplinary action is subject to change. It stands in place only so long as the perceived threat exists; once the threat has passed, the censure is lifted. In this particular case, as the canon of the Bible grew in acceptance the threat posed by the Apocrypha waned and the ban became obsolete.
- This is extraordinary proof indeed given Christianity’s penchant for preserving and venerating saintly relics–a practice which dates back to the early days of the faith as the Martyrdom of Saint Polycarp, composed in the middle of the second century, shows. ↩
- While Catholics have traditionally believed Mary was exempted from labor pains, it has been supposed that she did indeed suffer death in order to perfectly conform to Her Son, who though sinless accepted death (cf. Phil. 2:5 ff.). In defining the dogma of the Assumption, Pius XII avoided saying for certain she had died, merely stating she had “completed the course of her earthly life” (Munificentissimus Deus 44). ↩
- The Catechism of the Catholic Church teaches, “The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin is a singular participation in her Son’s Resurrection and an anticipation of the resurrection of other Christians … . She already shares in the glory of her Son’s Resurrection, anticipating the resurrection of all members of his Body” (966, 974). ↩
- There are other significant events in the life of the apostolic Church which are omitted from the New Testament as well, such as the martyrdoms of Peter and Paul, and the destruction of Jerusalem by the Roman legions in the year 70. According to the Muratorian Fragment, composed in Rome in the latter part of the second century, Luke only included in the Acts of the Apostles events he had witnessed with his own eyes. That Luke avoided writing of things he had not actually seen helps us to understand why the Assumption was not recorded, for it took place inside a tomb. Unlike the Lord’s ascension, a public event seen by many, the Assumption had no eyewitnesses. ↩
- Second Maccabees 2:5 says that Jeremiah sealed the Ark in a cave on Mount Nebo prior to the Babylonian invasion of Jerusalem in 587 B.C. (cf. 2 Kgs. 24:13, et al.). ↩
- Protestantism tends to see this Woman as either a symbolic figure of Israel or the Church (cf. Gen. 37:9). Catholicism accepts these interpretations, but extends them to include in a specific way Mary, the embodiment of the people of God. Israel bore Christ figuratively; Mary bore Him literally. In commenting on this passage, Saint Quodvultdeus (d. 453), the Bishop of Carthage and a disciple of Saint Augustine, wrote that Mary “also embodied in herself a figure of the holy church: namely, how while bearing a son, she remained a virgin, so that the church throughout time bears her members, yet she does not lose her virginity” (Third Homily on the Creed 3:6; see also Clement of Alexandria, Instructor of the Children 1:6:42:1).
The motif of God’s people escaping “on the wings of an eagle” to a place of refuge can be found throughout the Old Testament (see Ex. 19:4; Ps. 54 (55):6-7; Isa. 40:31, et al.). God’s promise of “escape into the wilderness” is profoundly fulfilled in the Assumption, Mary being the preeminent representative of His people.
The symbolic references in Revelation 12 to a duration of time, “one thousand two hundred and sixty days” and “for a time, and times, and half a time” (6, 14), may represent the period of persecution, which the Church will endure, prior to the Second Coming of Christ.
Verse 12:17 says the devil, infuriated by the Woman’s escape, set out “to make war on the rest of her offspring, on those who keep God’s commandments and give witness to Jesus.” That the followers of Christ are considered “the rest of her offspring” supports the Church’s regard for Mary as the Mother of All Christians (cf. Isa. 66:8; John 19:26-27). ↩
- While at one time the Transitus was thought to have originated no earlier than the fourth century, certain theological terms used in Leucius’ document confirm an origin either in the second or third century (Bagatti, et al., p. 14; Bagatti referenced his own works, S. Pietro nella “Dormitio Mariae,” pp. 42-48; Ricerche sulle tradizioni della morte della Vergine, pp. 185-214). ↩
- The actual text reads: “If you bear the tree of (knowledge) and pluck its fruit, you will always be gathering in the things that are desirable in the sight of God, things that the serpent cannot touch and deceit cannot defile. Then Eve is not seduced, but a Virgin is found trustworthy” (Letter to Diognetus 12:7-9). Regarding this passage, Cyril c. Richardson comments, “It is fairly clear that the author intends to state the common Patristic contrast … between Eve, the disobedient mother of death, and Mary, the obedient mother of life, in which case the parthenos of the text will be the blessed Virgin Mary” (Early Christian Fathers, New York: Collier Books, 1970, p. 224, n. 23). Hilda Graef concurred, saying, “It almost seems as if Mary were called Eve without any further explanation” (Mary: A History of Doctrine and Devotion, vol. 1, New York: Sheed and Ward, 1963, p. 38). ↩
- In contrast to the Transitus account, which claims the Apostles witnessed Mary’s body being transported to heaven, there is a tradition that she died on January 18 (Tobi 21), but that her empty tomb was not discovered till 206 days later on August 15 (Mesore 16) (see Graef, Mary, vol. 1, p. 134, n. 1; the author referenced Dom Capelle, Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses 3, 1926, p. 38; M.R. James, The Apocryphal New Testament, 1924, pp. 194-201). ↩
- The feast of the Nativity (i.e., Christmas) was established in the early fourth century, during the reign of Constantine. The feast of the Ascension was established in the fifth century, having originally been included in the feast of Pentecost. ↩
- In this way, the Church resembles the mother who forbids her children to watch a particular TV show until she has had the chance to watch the show and judge its contents for herself. The Church has always erred on the side of caution in discerning matters of faith and morals. Consider that, more recently, Saints Teresa of Avila (d. 1582) and John of the Cross (d. 1591), now revered as Doctors of the Church, were interrogated by the Inquisition on the suspicion of heresy. Similarly, the diary of Saint Faustina Kowalska (d. 1938), Divine Mercy in My Soul, was at one time rejected as heterodox by Church theologians, but subsequently gained official approval under Pope John Paul the Great. Faustina’s revelations found in the diary, in fact, have led to the institution of the feast of Divine Mercy, now universally celebrated in the Church. ↩
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Background (Purves et al.,
A transgenic organism is , in its most basic sense, an organism to which a new gene has been added. The first efforts at creating a transgenic organism were achieved using bacterium as hosts. Bacteria are good candidates for being transgenic organisms because their circular pieces of DNA, plasmids, are good methods of importing new DNA. Yeast cells are frequently used for creating transgenic organisms because they are easy to grow and have an extremely small genome while also possessing many of the characteristics of a eukaryote. Plant cells are frequently used due to their totipotency. It is possible to produce an entirely new plant with the desired genetic material from a single cell.
+Vectors of Importing New Genes
A plasmid is a piece of self-replicating circular DNA usually found in bacteria that unravels when it is cut with a restriction enzyme and has sticky ends on each side that will accommodate a new DNA segment. In order for this to be possible, each side of the plasmid is cut with the same restriction enzyme and the foreign DNA is also given the same treatment. DNA ligase is also added to fill the gap. The antibiotic resistance gene of a plasmid is often used as a genetic marker for creating transgenic organisms. In disrupting an antibiotic resistance gene with foreign DNA, it becomes vulnerable to that antibiotic and can then be destroyed by that antibiotic but not the other type of antibiotic protected against by another antibiotic resistance gene in the plasmid. This can be exploited in a petri dish situation to verify which plasmid has taken up the DNA as needed by bombarding them with different types of antibiotics. This determines which plasmids have taken up the foreign DNA and which ones have not due to their susceptibility to said antibiotics. A detailed view of the procedure can be seen in the image below.
Image permission pending from Dr. Huard at http://www.physsportsmed.com/issues/2000/02_00/huard.htm
Artificial Chromosomes (Purves et al., 1998):These contain sequenced centromeres and telomeres as well as an origin of replication. They are about 10,000 base pairs in size and can accommodate 50,000 to 1.5 million base pairs of inserted new DNA. They are for all intents and purposes, fake but functional chromosomes. One of such artificial chromosomes is depicted below in this image.
Pending permission from George Stamatis at http://www.cwru.edu/menu/research/synchrom.htm
Plasmid Vectors for Plants (Purves et al., 1998):
Ti plasmid (T DNA), produces copies of itself in chromosomes in infected plant cells with the crown gall disease, T DNA has restriction enzyme sites and new DNA can be spliced in. Cells from the gall can then be grafted into a new medium and a plant can be grown with the needed genetic material. The image below shows the generation of these galls containing the desired genetic material in plants with the virus Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Insertions(Purves et al., 1998):
The cells for the incoming DNA vector are electrocuted and membranes rendered permeable so DNA can enter from environs.
A fine pipette is used to insert DNA into a cell, usually a larger cell than usual.
Figure 5- A pipette is used to inject genetic material into a large cell to create a transgenic organism. *Image permission pending from the UCSD Cancer Center.*
DNA coated with phospholipids to form liposomes, they fuse to the cell membrane and allow DNA to enter target cell.
Figure 6- An Electron Micrograph of the Liposomes used in Lipofection as a method of creating a transgenic organism. Image permission pending from Dr. Cheetham at www.carleton.ca/~jcheetha/
Tiny particles of Au or W coated with DNA are shot into cells.
An expression vector with protein producing DNA is imported into a cell through the use of plasmids into a bacterial cell. This causes the bacterial cell to then produce said protein. This method can be used in medicine to farm proteins on a wide-scale such as Insulin, Erythyroprotein, or Tissue Plasminogen Activator. An image of this can be seen below:
The creation of an expression vector with which proteins
can be grown.
Image permission pending from Brannon and Margaret Carter at http://crystal.uah.edu/~carter/index.html
Agriculture (Purves et al., 1998):
have been changed with Ti vector to produce strains such as B. thuringiensis that is toxic to insect larvae
adding an enzyme into plant chloroplasts that breaks down glysophate, which is the active ingredient of round-up
add promoter signals for expression in developing rice grains, cause enzymes that convert precursors into Vitamin A, rice on its own cannot do this and it makes it more nutritionally valuable
Some enzymes can be farmed from livestock in their milk by implanting an enzymatic gene near the genes in an expression vector that produce a normal milk protein in a developing livestock embryo so that the desired enzyme is produced in the milk of the livestock offspring. More information on this technique and a diagram can be seen at http://www.biotechnology.gov.au/biotechnologyOnline/human/production/h_prod_pharm_img.htm.
I close with perhaps one of the most tantalizing and famous of photographs of a transgenic organism. It is a photograph of a tobacco plant that has been genetically engineered with a fluorescent gene that causes it to glow...
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### User:
Here is an extract from a webpage:
"The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Building of a Book, by Various This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: The Building of a Book A Series of Practical Articles Written by Experts in the Various Departments of Book Making and Distributing Author: Various Commentator: Theodore L. De Vinne Editor: Frederick H. Hitchcock Release Date: December 6, 2007 [EBook #23754] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BUILDING OF A BOOK *** Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier, Christine P. Travers and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
[Transcriber's note: Obvious printer's errors have been corrected, all other inconsistencies are as in the original. The author's spelling has been maintained.]
A SERIE."
Write an engaging and accessible course unit in a textbook for middle school students related to the extract above, focusing on "Motion Practice" as part of "LAW / Legal Writing". The content should be tailored for middle school students without prior knowledge of the topic.
Try to:
- Provide detailed explanations, avoid technical jargon, and present the ideas in a straightforward, narrative tone.
- Include examples to make the subject approachable and exciting for young middle school students.
- Avoid mentioning the web extract in the textbook. Do not include a title or introductory phrases. Start writing the content directly.
### Assistant:
**Unit: Motion Practice in Law**
Imagine you’re playing a game of basketball. Your team just scored a basket, but the referee calls a foul on your teammate. What do you do next? You might talk to your coach about challenging the call or ask one of your players to request a review of the play. Similarly, lawyers sometimes challenge decisions made by judges during court proceedings through legal motions. Let’s dive into motion practice!
**What is Motion Practice?**
In law, *motion practice* refers to written requests that attorneys submit to the judge asking them to make a ruling or take some action regarding their client's case before trial. These formal documents outline specific arguments and evidence supporting the attorney's position. By submitting these motions, lawyers aim to shape how the court will view their clients' cases, potentially leading to favorable outcomes even before reaching trial.
Let's break down the components of a typical motion:
1. Citation: At the beginning of each motion, there's always a caption—a short heading identifying the parties involved and the court where the matter is being heard. It looks something like this:
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, JUVENILE DIVISION
COUNTY OF ANYTOWN, OHIO
Case No.: 2023 CV 00123
Minor Child, Petitioner
vs.
John Doe, Respondent
2. Introduction: Next comes the introduction, which briefly explains why the lawyer is filing the motion and outlines what they want the judge to decide. For example: “Come now, Petitioner Minor Child, by and through undersigned counsel, and respectfully moves this Court to grant the following relief…”
3. Body: After the introduction, the body of the motion presents facts, laws, and arguments supporting the requested outcome. Attorneys often rely on previous court rulings (precedents) and statutes to build their argument. They also provide relevant evidence such as witness statements, photographs, or documents.
4. Conclusion: Finally, the conclusion summarizes the main points and restates the desired outcome. An example would read: “For the reasons stated herein, Petitioner respectfully requests that this Honorable Court enter an order finding John Doe responsible for neglect.”
Now let's look at two common types of motions:
**Motion to Dismiss:** Suppose you were accused of stealing a neighbor's bicycle. If your attorney believed there was insufficient evidence against you, they could file a *motion to dismiss*. This type of motion asks the judge to throw out the charges because the prosecution hasn't provided enough proof to proceed with the case. Judges can either deny the motion entirely, allow parts of it while denying others, or grant the entire motion and dismiss the case altogether.
**Motion for Summary Judgment:** Imagine you sued someone for damaging your property, providing clear photographic evidence showing who caused the damage. Instead of going through a full trial, both sides agree that the evidence presented is so overwhelmingly in favor of one party that a trial isn't necessary. In this instance, your attorney could file a *motion for summary judgment*, arguing that based on undisputed facts, the only reasonable decision the judge can make is to rule in your favor.
Throughout any given case, lawyers may file multiple motions depending on various circumstances. Understanding motion practice allows us to appreciate the strategic nature of litigation and recognize the importance of thorough preparation when presenting our arguments. Just like making sure you understand the rules and strategies of basketball before stepping onto the court, understanding motion practice helps ensure success in the world of law!
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Aldair is a cashier at the local grocery store, and she feels confident in her ability to do her job well. She enjoys helping people and being able to provide them with what they need.
Aldair: Hello! How are you today?
Customer: I'm doing alright, thank you. Just need to grab a few things and then I'll be on my way.
Aldair: No problem at all. Let me know if you need any help finding anything.
Customer: I will, thank you.
Aldair: So, did you find everything you were looking for?
Customer: Yeah, I think so. Thanks for your help.
Aldair: No problem! Have a nice day!
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Ethan is a 9 year old student currently in Year 4 and attends his local school. He has a significant eye condition which greatly impacts on his accessing the curriculum especially with literacy.
Ethan is able to use enlarged readers and worksheets at some points during the school day but can become visually fatigued.
Marg Crosswell talks about how Ethan’s main goal for this year has been to learn braille and so he has been practising brailling the alphabet on the Perkins brailler (figure 1).
Learning the alphabet
Ethan has learnt the alphabet and 59 shortform words, the fullstop, capital letter and the number sign.
He is starting to learn to read braille using made up worksheets. Figure 2 is Ethan’s first full page of braille.
- Correct finger placement on the Perkins Brailler.
- Separation of fingers.
- Correct pressure on the keys.
Possible next steps
- To learn all whole word signs.
- To learn all shortform words , lower cells and common combinations.
- To write full sentences in grade one braille.
- To read braille using two hands.
- To trial using different technology i.e. braille note.
Teaching methods and strategies
Ethan followed a direct instruction approach. This involves introducing the braille alphabet in a specific way.
The programme involves teaching the braille alphabet first. Ethan’s learning style meant he learnt and remembered the different letters of the alphabet by saying the dot number. ie for y 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 or sometimes he would say k and 4, 5, 6.
Using different medium ie peg board with six pegs. Brailled single letter and word cards.
Figure 3 shows a different medium using a peg board with six pegs.
A braille checklist was used as part of the assessment. Ethan went up to Homai for a week with the National Assessment Service team to get an updated record of his vision. At this assessment it became evident that braille had become a good option.
Professional Readings and Resources:
- Instructional Strategies for Teaching braille – Paths to Literacy website.
- Teaching Braille to Young Children – Paths to Literacy website.
- Braille FUNdamentals: A Braille Curriculum for VI Students from Primary to High School Levels – TSBVI website.
Email us at BLENNZ for more information about this subject. We will link you up with either the author of this post or another BLENNZ colleague with whom you can continue your conversation.
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From subreddit r/CharmedCW
It’s season 1, we still don’t know all that Mel has been through. She never said cis white men are evil, she just expressed issues with a cis white male leading THE WOMENS STUDIES DEPARTMENT which is totally valid. The OG charmed was definitely better but it was a different time and again those were straight white women who didn’t face the same struggles that Mel likely has. I didn’t see Parker as needy so much as actually struggling. He was fighting his demon half and dealing with some pretty serious abuse by his father and brother. How was Galvin holding Macy back? He was patient and understanding regarding her virginity, accepted her as a witch, risked his life to help her with her demon half, and sacrificed himself to save those infected by the harbinger. Mel is hilarious and I hope she keeps her edge.
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Artifacts are objects used in literature. These items are important in developing a plot, setting, or character. An author may use artifacts to mirror the actions of a character. Some examples of literary artifacts include books and movies, and even natural objects. However, if an author is using natural objects in a story, it would be a different type of artifact.
Some authors use artifacts to develop plots and characters. They can be anything that represents a culture or historical event. These elements can add historical or cultural context to the plot and characters. These elements can be used to further the story or the plotline. To write an essay on the theme of duty in Treasure Island, you will need to create a thesis statement and list the main points that will be addressed.
Literary artifacts are objects created by people that represent another idea. They provide context to the story and help the reader understand the plot. These pieces of history, newspaper accounts, or published works can be used as artifacts. An essay about the theme of duty in Treasure Island should be at least 150 words long. It should include a thesis statement and key points related to duty. The purpose of the piece is to help readers understand the significance of this theme.
The use of artifacts in literature can be secondary or primary. For example, in the fantasy novel, a person’s One Ring can convey power to the wearer or make them invisible. Other important artifacts may serve unexpected functions, such as rendering the wearer invisible. Reading stories that feature artifacts is a great way to engage readers and build a plot.
Literary artifacts are objects made by people to represent another idea. They can be used to add context to a story and to develop the plot and characters. For example, a story about a pirate named Treasure Island can include a number of artifacts that symbolize the island’s culture and history. An essay on duty can analyze the theme of duty in Treasure Island and the role of a hero or heroine in this story.
Literary artifacts can serve as both secondary and primary functions. For example, the One Ring is used to convey power to its owner while also making the wearer invisible. Similarly, an important artifact may have unusual uses that readers might not expect. The unexpected uses of artifacts in a story can be a source of joy and interest for readers. For example, an author might choose to include an object in his or her novel because it can enhance the plot and characters of the book.
Artifacts are objects created by people that represent another idea. These objects provide a context for the reader and help to develop the plot. These artifacts can be historical records, newspaper accounts, or published works. In a 150-word essay, the author uses the theme of duty to create a better world. In other words, an artifact is a representation of a specific idea.
As an author, you can use artifacts to enhance the plot and characters in a book. By using artifacts in a story, you can make the reader feel more involved in the story. Besides, these objects help to make the reader feel more involved in the story and provide a context for the readers. So, consider these artifacts in literature, and use them to improve your writing.
The purpose of artifacts in literature is to enhance the plot and characters in the story. In fiction, artifacts are used to add flavor to the story. They can serve two purposes. They can be secondary or primary. In fact, an artifact can have more than one function in a story. This is why an author can add more details and depth to a book.
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In the Crucible, the idea of conscience in strongly emphasized. Miller himself said,”No critic seemed to sense what I was after which was the conflict between a mans raw deeds and his conception of himself; the question of whether conscience is in fact an organic part of the human being, and what happens when it is handed over not merely to the state or the mores of the time but to ones friend or wife. “The idea of conscience in the play The Crucible is based very much on Christian concepts, firstly the idea of morality, or conscience of right and wrong, secondly the idea of the confession of sin, and finally the idea of guilt and penance for sins. Conscience, then, as an issue of morality, is defined very clearly at the start of the play.
“a minister is the Lords man in the parish; a minister is not to be so lightly crossed and contradicted” says Parris in Act One. Here it is established that theologically the minister, in this case, Parris, is supposed to be the ultimate decider of morality in Salem. The Church, in theocratic Massachusetts, defines conscience. Right and wrong is decided by authority, and the authority here is the Church.
Law is based on the doctrines of the Church, and Salem is a theocracy. “For good purposes, even high purposes, the people of Salem developed a theocracy, a combine of state and religious power whose function was to keep the community together, and to prevent any kind of disunitybut all organization is and must be grounded on the idea of exclusion and prohibition, just as two objects cannot occupy the same space. Evidently the time came in New England when the repressions of order were heavier than seemed warranted by the dangers against which the order was organized. “So firstly Salem was a place where the conscience of the people was strictly governed by the theocracy, and socially Salem was repressive.
However, at the start of the book, we see that the people of Salem have already begun to strain under this strict idea of conscience, this repression. Abigail says to John, “I look for John Proctor that took me from my sleep and put knowledge in my heart! I never knew what pretence Salem was, I never knew the lying lessons I was taught by all these Christian women and their covenanted men! And now you bid me tear the light out of my eyes? I will not, I cannot!” Like many others, Abigail is aware of the hypocrisy arising from the strict repression of theocratic Salem, and has begun to rebel against it in her own way. The girls dance in the woods and cast spells, something distinctly forbidden by theocratic law. This is why Abigail seizes the opportunity before her at the beginning of the play: she sees the witchhunt as a means for her to work herself around the conscience of the Church and all its restrictions, and instead establish her own idea of right and wrong.
While the theocracy was established for the noble purpose of keeping the community together, the trials and the court that Abigail thus established was for the sole purpose of murdering Elizabeth Proctor. Abigail is not the only one guilty of using the witchhunt as a means to establish their own means, but others such as Putnam, who used the trials as a means to get land, similarly were able overthrow the usual Salemrestrictivesocietymoralsuperiorityclass and establish their own conception of conscience. “It suddenly became possible and patriotic and holy for a man to say that Martha Corey had come into his bedroom at night, and that, while his wife was sleeping at his side, Martha laid herself donw on his chest and nearly suffocated him. ” We see that a new conscience has evolved, stemming from the trials, and the “balance began to turn toward greater individual freedom”.
The community of Salem has turned from a strict, repressive conscience to a conscience where personal gain and “common vengeance writes the law”. The Church has lost its power to the Court. Mr. Hale, so revered and listened to at the beginning of the play, has practically no weight in the courts of law.
“The crazy children” are now “jangling the keys of the kingdom. “Here we must introduce the parallel plot of Johns affair with Abigail. John Proctor has had an affair with Abigail Williams. This has an effect on his conscience. “He is a sinner, a sinner not only against the moral fashion but against his own vision of decent conduct.
” Johns conscience troubles him throughout the play. It manifests itself in Johns relationships with people, and Elizabeth Proctor says to her husband, “I do not judge you. The magistrate sits in your heart that judges you. I never thought you but a good man, John only somewhat bewildered.
” Here we see the idea of morality being reflected on a personal level, or, as Miller would put it, Johns “conception of himself”. He conceives himself as a sinner because of his “raw deeds”, his adultery. “I may blush for my sin,” he says to Elizabeth. His ideas of right and wrong are decided by his own “vision of decent conduct”. The witchhunt, then, establishes the idea of morality on a different level the Court. The Court, with its trials, is intent on ridding Salem of evil, inflicting its own morality upon the people.
“No uncorrupted man may fear this court, Mr. Hale!” exclaims Judge Danforth, emphasizing the fact that the Court is seen as the scintilla of morality in Salem. Here the question of whether conscience is organic to the human being is raised. The Courts are there, in part, to provide this conscience, or morality, with the assumption that conscience is not part of the human being, and law is required to provide this conscience, to distinguish good and evil for the mindless human beings. And thus the Court required that all accused of witchcraft must either confess or hang. Here, conscience has been handed over to the state, the mores of the time, whereby the Courts take the place of God, and decide right and wrong.
Confession as an act is important, because it establishes the confessor as a symbol of authority and power. The Court replaces God and has the power to condemn and judge. What happens when conscience is handed over to the state or the mores of the time is repression, and eventually tragedy. The witchhunts then became “an opportunity for everyone to express publicly their guilt or sins under the cover of accusations against victims. ” Miller expressly states that “these people had no ritual for the washing away of sinsand it has helped to discipline us as well as to breed hypocrisy among us. ” The confession of sins was, in the case of the Court, a way to wash away the guilt of the people, as well as a manifestation of hypocrisy in the Court as well as people in Salem.
John Proctor, on the other hand, faced his own morality when he confessed his adulterous behavior to Elizabeth. At first he believes it is Elizabeth who is judging him, and is angered by this. “But I wilted, and, like a Christian, I confessed. Confessed! Some dream I had must have mistaken you for God that day.
” His confessing to Elizabeth has put her in a state of power again, replacing God as a figure of morality and conscience, as conscience has been “handed over” to his wife. In actuality, it is John who “judges himself”, as put by Elizabeth Proctor. He is unable to escape his conscience after his act of adultery. Perhaps this is why John Proctor later refuses, along with Rebecca Nurse and others, to falsely admit to being in league with the Devil. “Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them who hang!” Rebecca Nurse echoes this sentiment when she says “Why, it is a lie, it is a lie; how may I damn myself? I cannot, I cannot.
” They both understand that their conscience will never let them live a life of normalcy if they lie, especially John Proctor. It is ironic then that the idea of conscience as put forth by the Court is now directly opposite to the inner, the organic conscience that John Proctor feels. John Proctor seeks to serve his own conscience rather than that of the Court, and pays the penance: death. Is conscience an organic part of the human being? Elizabeth Proctor exclaims, fittingly, “I am not your judge, I cannot be. ” John Proctor has paid the penance for rejecting the conscience of the state, death, but he can perceive himself as a good and righteous person according to his own vision of decent conduct.
The transition is complete. Whilst the witchhunt has destroyed the theocratic, absolutemorality conscience Salem once had, John Proctor, Rebecca Nurse and the others hanged have established their own conscience above the conscience of the courts, of the people of Salem. “Do what you will. But let none be your judge. There be no higher judge under Heaven than Proctor is!” They have achieved the ultimate “individual freedom”, and are judged by nobody but themselves. “The power of theocracy in Massachusetts was broken.
” Miller establishes that conscience is indeed and organic part of the human being, and that for all intents and purposes the conscience that is organic to the human being, the same conscience present in John Proctor, Rebecca Nurse and the hanged, is ultimately the truest form of conscience, as compared to the rest of the characters who have conformed to the conscience of Salem and the courts, which is ultimately superficial, repressive, and results in hypocrisy. And thus he ends the play.
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ฮันส์ เกิดในปี 1784 เขาเป็นทาสที่เกิดในฟาร์มปลูกอ้อยแห่งหนึ่งในคอนสติตูชั่นฮิล์ล (Constitution Hill) บนเกาะเซนต์ครอยซ์, เวสต์อินดียส์ (St. Croix, Danish West Indies) ในทะเลแคลิบเบียน ซึ่งเป็นอาณานิคมของเดนมาร์ก ที่บริษัทเดนิสเวสต์อินเดีย (The Danish was Indian company) ซื้อมาจากฝรั่งเศสตั้งแต่ปี 1733
ข้อมูลจากหนังสือ A biography of Jonatan (2014) อ้างว่าพ่อของฮันส์เป็นชาวเดนผิวขาว (Dane ชนพื้นเมืองของเดนมาร์ก) ชื่อว่าฮันส์ แกรม (Hans Gram) ซึ่งเป็นทาสที่ทำงานเป็นเลขาฯ ให้กับเจ้านายของตัวเอง ส่วนแม่ของฮันส์ชื่ออีมิเลีย เรจิน่า (Emilia Regina) เป็นทาสผิวสีจากแอฟริกาที่ทำงานเป็นคนรับใช้ภายในบ้าน
ฮันส์ มีน้องสาวต่างบิดาคนหนึ่ง ชื่อแอนน่า (Anna Maria, b.1788) ซึ่งแม่ของเขาตั้งท้องกับคนผิวชื่อแอนเดรียส (Andreas) ซึ่งก็เป็นทาสเช่นกัน
นายทาสซึ่งเป็นเจ้าของฮันส์ ชื่อว่าเฮนริช ชิมเมลมันน์ (Heinrich Ludwig Ernst von Schimmelmann) และนายหญิงชื่อเฮนเรียตเต้ แคธารีน่า (Henriette Catharine)
1789 ครอบครัวของชิมเมลมันน์ได้ย้ายกลับไปอยู่ในโคเปนเฮเก้น, เดนมาร์ก โดยได้พาทาสของพวกเขากลับไปด้วย
ต่อมาไม่นานเมื่อชิมเมลมันน์เสียชีวิต นางเฮนเรียนเต้ ภรรยาจึงได้กรรมสิทธิในฮันส์เป็นมรดก
1801 เมื่อฮันส์อายุ 17 ปี เขาได้หลบหนีจากนาจ้าง
ต่อมาฮันส์ได้เข้าเป็นทหารในกองทัพเรือของเดนมาร์ก และได้ร่วมในการรบในสงครามกับนโปเลียน (Napoleonic War, Battle of Copenhagen) ซึ่งวีรกรรมของเขาทำให้เขากลายเป็นที่รู้จัก
1802 ฮันส์ถูกตำรวจจับตัว และดำเนินคดีในข้อหาซึ่งเขาหลบหนีจากเจ้าของทาส ฮันส์และทนายความของเขาจึงได้ต่อสู้โดยอ้างว่า การใช้แรงงานทาสในเดนมาร์กผิดกฏหมาย เพราะว่าการใช้ทาสถูกกฏหมายมีเฉพาะในเวสต์อินดี้ส์เท่านั้น คดีนี้จึงได้รับความสนใจสาธารณะชนและเป็นคดีตัวของเกี่ยววกับการใช้ทาสในเดนมาร์กเวลานั้น คดีของฮันส์กับนายทาสหญิง รู้จักกันในชื่อคดี The General’s Widow versus the Mulatto
31 มีนาคม, ฮันส์ถูกศาลในโคเปนเฮเกนตัดสินให้ส่งตัวกลับไปยังเกาะเซนต์ครอยซ์
แต่ว่าฮันส์ก็หลบหนีระหว่างการถูกส่งตัวกลับแคลิบเบียน ซึ่งต่อมาปรากฏาว่าเขาไปอาศัยอยู่ที่เมืองดจูเพเวอร์เกอร์ (Djúpivogur, Iceland) ในไอส์แลนด์
ชีวิตของฮันส์จากนี้ไม่มีรายละเอียดมากนัก แต่ทราบว่าในปี 1819 เขาทำธุรกิจท่าเรือขนถ่ายสินค้าเล็กๆ อยู่ในไอส์แลนด์
1820 กุมภาพันธ์, ฮันส์แต่งงานกับแคตริน (Katrín Antoníusdóttir) พวกเขามีลูกด้วยกันสามคน
1827 ฮันส์เสียชีวิต
ปัจจุบันในไอส์แลนด์มีลูกหลานที่สืบเชื้อสายจากฮันส์หลายร้อยร้อยคน
2014 หนังสือชีวประวัติของฮันส์ The Man Who stole Himself : The Slave Saga of His Jonathan เขียนโดยกิสลี พาลส์สัน (Gísli Pálsson) พิมพ์ออกมา
2018 นักวิทยาศาสตร์ของบริษัท DeCODE Genetics ประสบความสำเร็จในการสร้าง DNA ของฮันส์ขึ้นมาใหม่ โดยที่เป็นครั้งแรกของโลกที่สามารถสร้าง DNA ของมนุษย์คนหนึ่งได้โดยที่ไม่ได้อาศัย DNA ของเจ้าตัวเลย แต่ว่านักวิทยาศาสตร์ใช้ตัวอย่าง DNA จากลูกหลานที่สืบเชื้อสายมาจากฮันส์ 182 คน ในการสร้าง DNA ของฮันส์แทน ซึ่งการวิเคราะห์ดีเอ็นเอก็ให้ข้อมูลน่าสนใจอย่างหนึ่งว่าแม่ของฮันส์น่าจะเป็นชาวแอฟริกาจากแถบเบนนิ, ไนจีเรีย หรือว่าคาเมรูน
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1958 ArticleThe Women's Missionary and Service Auxiliary was an auxiliary organization of the Mennonite Board of Missions and Charities (Mennonite Church), Elkhart, Indiana. It grew out of the sewing circle and women's missionary organizations which developed during the first half of the 20th century in the Mennonite Church congregations in the United States and Canada. As early as 1895 Mennonite women in eastern Pennsylvania were sewing garments for the poor. As a result of the work of Mary A. Mellinger in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, the Paradise Sewing Circle was organized in 1897. The Associated Sewing Circles was organized in Lancaster County in 1911. As early as 1900 a Sisters' Sewing Circle was organized in the Science Ridge Mennonite Church, Sterling, Illinois. During that decade other circles were organized in Illinois, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Minnesota, Ohio, and Ontario. As early as 1911 Mennonite (MC) women, under the leadership of Clara Eby Steiner (1873-1929) of Columbus Grove, Ohio, began to promote a general society of sewing circles. With the formation of a general organization, Mary Burkhard became its president, serving 1916-1923. She was followed by Mary Ann Cressman 1923-1930, Lina Z. Ressler 1930-1937, Cora Buzzard 1937-1944, Ruth B. Miller 1944-1950, and Minnie Graber 1950- . Clara Eby Steiner became the first secretary of the organization, serving 1916-1926, during which time she wrote many letters to promote sewing circles. A third pioneer was Ruth A. Yoder, who served as treasurer of the organization 1916-1929. Mary Ann Cressman, Crissie Y. Shank, Mary Ann Gerig, and Stella S. Kreider were additional members of the general committee in the 1920's. In 1917 the women's organization became churchwide, when general officers and branch secretaries to cover the entire church were elected, and in 1924 its permanent constitution was adopted. In her second annual newsletter, secretary Clara Eby Steiner reported that for the year ending 31 March 1919, thirteen branch secretaries had reported total receipts of $13,763.58. In addition they had reported 11,957 garments made and at the same time the Friends reported 27,189 garments given to them for war relief by Mennonite women. By March 1920 the organization had 13 branches, 124 circles, and 2,262 members.
Beginning in 1922 the organization operated under the name Mennonite Women's Missionary Society. Because of a lack of good coordination between this society and the Mennonite Board of Missions and Charities, in 1928 the Board accepted a report providing for a "Woman's Mission Committee" to operate under the Mission Board. In its printed constitution of 1933 the name adopted for the committee was "The General Sewing Circle Committee of the Mennonite Board of Missions and Charities." Misunderstandings arose during this time of the transition of the women's society from an independent status to one of dependency on the Mission Board, and consequently for a time the membership in the new organization was less than half of what it had been in the former society. Eventually membership in the new organization surpassed the highest membership obtained by the old and was widely accepted. The WMSA met annually in connection with the annual meeting of the Mission Board.
In 1947 the committee was again reorganized, its name was changed to Women's Missionary Sewing Circle Organization, and from that time it was regarded as an "auxiliary of the Mennonite Board of Missions and Charities." In January 1954 its first full-time secretary was appointed. With the rapid growth of the organization and the extension of its activities into areas beyond sewing, the name was changed to Women's Missionary and Service Auxiliary in its 1955 annual meeting. President Minnie Graber reported, "We strive toward the vision of concerting the efforts of every Mennonite woman and girl to the total program of the Mennonite Church so that wherever the church is found, in city or country, at home or abroad, in charitable or educational institutions, in community efforts, in relief to the ends of the world, there we may be found enhancing the attractiveness of the Gospel and giving expression to the love of Jesus."
The 1958 secretary's report listed 826 auxiliaries or local units, of which 236 were girls' auxiliaries, with a total membership of 15,690. Cash receipts during the year totaled over $175,000 and other contributions amounted to a value of more than $121,000. More than 71,000 garments were received besides large amounts of bedding and linens, baby garments, Christmas bundles, and other material aid gifts. Between the local groups and the general organization were the district organizations through which the national officers worked. Emphasis was given to women's fellowship meetings, in which mission and home interests were discussed and prayers offered for the work of the church. A literature secretary was responsible for producing the Daily Prayer Guide (1951- ), of which 12,000 copies were printed for 1958, and the WMSA Monthly (begun in 1930 as Missionary Sewing Circle Letters), which had a circulation of 11,800. A suggested reading list (twelve books) in flyer form was printed and distributed in 1957. The general committee had begun work on A Handbook for the use of its local and district officers. The executive secretary carried out the assignments of the general committee, prepared the Program Guide for the use of the local auxiliaries, prepared publicity, and informed the auxiliaries of the mission needs of the church. A secretary of home and special interests promoted prayer fellowships, homemakers' organizations, and mission study groups. The secretary of girls' activities promoted girls' missionary and service auxiliaries, supplied materials for a page on "With Our Girls" in the Monthly, and served as assistant Junior Activities Secretary on the Commission for Christian Education. -- MG
1989 UpdateThe Women’s Missionary and Service Commission was a church-wide organization with a special interest in women’s and girls’ activities in the church. It was recognized for its many years of significant ministry as a mission and service agency of the church. It sought to involve the women and the girls in the church through its conference and congregational organizations and activities. In the Mennonite Church reorganization in 1971, the Women’s Missionary and Service commission (WMSC, formerly Women’s Missionary and Service Auxiliary) was placed in an adjunct relationship with the newly formed Mennonite Board of Congregational Ministries.
Executive secretaries to the 1980s included Beulah Kauffman, Barbara (Bender) Reber (1978-1988), and Marian Hostetler (1988-). Velorus (Gingrich) Shearer of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania served as editor of the monthly publication, Voice, after 1978, replacing Lois Gunden Clemens (1960-1978). During the 1980s a concerted effort was made to involve women in business and the professions as well as homemakers. In 1979 a committee composed of Alice (Weber) Lapp, Jocele (Thut) Meyer, Emma (Sommers) Richards, Barbara K. (Bender) Reber (chairperson), and Leonard Gross (consultant) was formed to begin writing the history of Mennonite Church (MC) women. Mennonite Women 1683-1983: A Story of God's Faithfulness, ed. by Elaine (Sommers) Rich, was released in the spring of 1983.
In 1983 the Bylaws Revision Task Force presented to the General Assembly (MC) recommendations for some structure changes. This was approved on 5 August 1983 at the Bethlehem, PA, General Assembly. This placed the WMSC as an Associate Group in the Mennonite Church. The General Assembly’s constitution permited special interest groups to request recognition by the General Board as associate groups, with their guidelines subject to approval by the General Board. Such associate groups continued to maintain primary relationships in the regional conferences. Organizations which qualified as associate groups appointed up to six delegates to the General Assembly and members to the General Board.
The Women’s Missionary and Service Commission merged with Women in Mission (General Conference Mennonite Church) in 1997 to form Mennonite Women. Following the realignment of the General Conference Mennonite Church, the Mennonite Church (MC) and the Conference of Mennonites in Canada into Mennonite Church USA and Mennonite Church Canada, Mennonite Women USA formed in 2003. It worked in partnership with its Canadian sister organization, Canadian Women in Mission, to produce print resources. -- BKR
Klingelsmith, Sharon. "Women in the Mennonite Church, 1900-1930." Mennonite Quarterly Review 54 (July 1980): 163-207.
Rich, Elaine Sommers. Mennonite women : a story of God's faithfulness, 1683-1983. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1983.
|Barbara K. Reber|
Cite This Article
Gingerich, Melvin and Barbara K. Reber. "Women's Missionary and Service Commission (Mennonite Church)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1989. Web. 31 May 2016. http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Women%27s_Missionary_and_Service_Commission_(Mennonite_Church)&oldid=113691.
Gingerich, Melvin and Barbara K. Reber. (1989). Women's Missionary and Service Commission (Mennonite Church). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 31 May 2016, from http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Women%27s_Missionary_and_Service_Commission_(Mennonite_Church)&oldid=113691.
Herald Press website.
©1996-2016 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.
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Jakarta, CNN Indonesia -- Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU) mengklaim telah memperoleh alat bukti yang cukup untuk memperkarakan Telkom Indihome. Keputusan itu diambil setelah KPPU meningkatkan status kasus dari tahap penyelidikan ke pemeriksaan pada Selasa, 11 Oktober 2016.Menurut Ketua KPPU Syarkawi Rauf dari hasil penyelidikan yang telah dilakukan, KPPU setidaknya menemukan dua indikasi yang menunjukkan praktik kecurangan oleh PT Telkom melalui layanan IndiHome Triple Play."Melalui proses pemeriksaan ini diharapkan dapat melahirkan keadilan tidak saja bagi konsumen, namun juga bagi para pelaku industri terkait," tulis Syarkawi dalam keterangan resmi.Pertama berupa praktik tying in yaitu mewajibkan calon pelanggan menggunakan tiga layanan Indihome dalam satu paket sekaligus seperti telepon, IPTV, dan internet.Temuan berikutnya adalah dugaan penyalahgunaan posisi dominan oleh Telkom dalam kebijakan yang dipaksakan kepada pelanggannya. Hal itu nampak dari kesulitan pelanggan yang ingin berhenti berlangganan layanan IndiHome Triple Play.Sebab dalam klausul perjanjian tertera ketentuan apabila seseorang berhenti berlangganan salah satu dari ketiga layanan tadi, Telkom diduga akan menghentikan seluruh akses layanan mereka kepada pelanggan tersebut.Sedangkan sejauh ini, PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia (Telkom) tercatat sebagai perusahaan telekomunikasi yang menguasai pasar layanan fixed line (PSTN) terbesar di Indonesia. Layanan IndiHome Triple Play sendiri terdiri dari internet cepat, tv interaktif, dan telepon rumah.Penyelidikan KPPU terhadap dugaan praktik kecurangan IndiHome dimulai sejak 8 Maret silam. Adapun potensi pelanggaran yang dibuat dari kebijakan IndiHome Triple Play tercermin dalam Pasal 15 ayat 2 dan Pasal 17 Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat.
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From subreddit leagueoflegends:
God, this concept is so hard for people to understand. I lost a game when we had 2 enemy inhibs down (mid and bot lanes), and my teammates just overextend and overstay in mid looking for fights. Instead of everyone just grouping top, and forcing the enemy team to waveclear the other two lanes.
Hell, even just getting to level 2. I have won so many lanes top and bot just by getting level 2 and managing my wave better. Especially someone like Shen, Ill get taunt 2nd, hit them with it, and they are about dead from my Q autos.
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Q: Angular 14 minor version upgrade breaks component tests where MAT_DIALOG_DATA is injected Upgraded Angular from 14.1.1 to 14.2.10 and material from 14.1.1 to 14.2.7 and it caused the following issue when running the tests using the default karma runner, and I am clueless about what could have gone wrong, please advise.
The upgrade only touched the package.json and the package-lock.json, nothing else is different, and before it, none of these issues were present. Using the dev server, the application still does work.
So when running tests, only a smaller chunk of tests is recognized, ie. before we had ~2100 tests, now it says Executed 337 of 338 (skipped 1).
This is the error is emitted to the runner console
Chrome 107.0.0.0 (Mac OS 10.15.7) ERROR
An error was thrown in afterAll
Uncaught ReferenceError: notification_model_1 is not defined
ReferenceError: notification_model_1 is not defined
at Object.39751 (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/webpack:/src/app/modal-dialog/modal-dialog-notification.component.ts:67:53)
at __webpack_require__ (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/webpack:/webpack/bootstrap:19:1)
at Object.90444 (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/webpack:/src/app/modal-dialog/save-changes-dialog/save-changes-dialog.component.ts:2:1)
at __webpack_require__ (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/webpack:/webpack/bootstrap:19:1)
at Object.46488 (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/webpack:/src/app/modal-dialog/save-changes-dialog/save-changes-dialog.service.ts:3:1)
at __webpack_require__ (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/webpack:/webpack/bootstrap:19:1)
at Object.12375 (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/webpack:/src/app/common/services/dirty-form-guard-connector.service.ts:6:1)
at __webpack_require__ (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/webpack:/webpack/bootstrap:19:1)
at Object.86409 (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/webpack:/src/app/common/services/dirty-form-guard-connector.service.spec.ts:3:1)
at __webpack_require__ (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/webpack:/webpack/bootstrap:19:1)
The strange thing with that is that all steps in the stack trace go through imports and not function calls. Just look at the line numbers, they are all in the first few lines of the file, where the imports are, starting from the spec. Without source maps, the stack trace goes trough webpack require statements.
The actual error (caught with Pause on exceptions in the devtool) is thrown in a constructor of a component which is used in a material dialog, so injects MAT_DIALOG_DATA, eg.
constructor(
public dialogRef: MatDialogRef<ModalDialogNotificationComponent>,
@Inject(MAT_DIALOG_DATA) public data: NotificationModel,
) {
(With the source maps turned off, the public data input param of the constructor is called notification_model_1, which matches the stack trace above)
Here it gets event more strange: out of curiosity, I adjusted that constructor so that the input param data is of type any. This change lets this test to pass, and the number of recognised tests increases ... by a few. But new similar errors surface: stack trace goes through imports, actual error is in a constructor injecting MAT_DIALOG_DATA, can be resolved by changing the param type to any.
So I went and adjusted these types to any one by one, until all of the errors were resolved and all of the tests reappeared. Interestingly, not all of the constructors injecting MAT_DIALOG_DATA had to be adjusted, only 2/3 of them.
Relevant versions:
before
after
@angular/common, core, etc.
14.1.1
14.2.10
@angular-devkit/build-angular
14.1.1
14.2.9
@angular/cdk and co. aka. material
14.1.1
14.2.7
typescript (not changed)
4.7.4
4.7.4
karma (not changed)
6.3.2
6.3.2
What else I have tried
*
*cleaned the repo, even checked it out again
*rolling back the upgrade fixes this
*using the application from the dev server and building it are OK
Please advise if you have any tips, even if for just debugging this further.
A: I am seeing a similar error
Chrome Headless 105.0.5173.0 (Mac OS 10.15.7) ERROR
An error was thrown in afterAll
Uncaught ReferenceError: i_metadata_details_service_1 is not defined
ReferenceError: i_metadata_details_service_1 is not defined
at Object.68746 (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/webpack:/src/app/metadata/shared/abstract/abstract-metadata.component.ts:58:82)
at __webpack_require__ (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/webpack:/webpack/bootstrap:19:1)
at Object.33413 (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/webpack:/src/app/metadata/class/class-metadata.component.ts:4:1)
at __webpack_require__ (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/webpack:/webpack/bootstrap:19:1)
at Object.7354 (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/webpack:/src/app/metadata/class/class-details.component.ts:5:1)
at __webpack_require__ (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/webpack:/webpack/bootstrap:19:1)
at Object.35730 (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/webpack:/src/test/metadata/class/class-details.component.spec.ts:7:1)
at __webpack_require__ (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/webpack:/webpack/bootstrap:19:1)
at webpackContext (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/webpack:/src/test/ sync \.spec\.ts$:181:1)
at Array.map (<anonymous>)
Chrome Headless 105.0.5173.0 (Mac OS 10.15.7): Executed 5 of 5 ERROR (0.02 secs / 0.009 secs)
and similar behavior with only a subset of unit tests (5 of 636) getting recognized.
I was able to narrow the problem down to the @angular/compiler-cli package. The issue was introduced in version 14.2.1. So if I change the version to 14.2.0 in package.json, the error goes away and all unit tests get recognized.
"@angular/compiler-cli": "14.2.0"
It seems the only change in version 14.2.1 of @angular/compiler-cli is a dependency upgrade (ng-packagr) as seen here on
GitHub.
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Epinephrine autoinjector, device consisting of a syringe and a spring-loaded needle that is used for rapid administration of the hormone epinephrine (adrenaline). Epinephrine is most commonly administered with an autoinjector following the onset of anaphylaxis (a severe systemic and potentially fatal allergic reaction). Hence, epinephrine autoinjectors are prescribed primarily to patients at high risk of severe allergic reactions, including persons with severe food allergies and individuals who suffer severe reactions from insect stings.
The main components of an epinephrine autoinjector are a syringe containing an epinephrine solution and a needle connected to an injection spring. The device also has a mechanical safety feature, which conceals the needle immediately after use. Epinephrine is light-sensitive and is stored in a carrier tube that protects it from the light. Patients typically receive two autoinjectors and a training device. The autoinjector delivers a single dose of 0.3 mg of epinephrine for patients greater than 30 kg (66 pounds). For patients 15 to 30 kg (33 to 66 pounds), the dosage is 0.15 mg. Some epinephrine autoinjectors have been designed to provide audio and visual cues to aid the patient in administering it correctly. The autoinjector is injected into the middle of the thigh and is held for about 3 seconds, followed by massaging of the injection site for 10 seconds to stimulate drug delivery. Following injection, patients are required to seek medical attention.
Although medicines such as antihistamines and inhalers can help treat some symptoms of an allergic reaction, only epinephrine can rapidly treat anaphylactic reactions. Anaphylaxis occurs when the immune system overreacts to an allergen (a foreign substance or irritant) that enters the body through inhaling or swallowing or that comes into contact with the skin. The body produces antibodies, or immunoglobulins, which attach to the allergen as well as to certain immune cells, particularly mast cells and basophils. The activation of those cells results in the release of inflammatory mediators, including histamine, that produce a variety of effects, including tightness of the throat, difficulty in breathing, and low blood pressure, which can lead to cardiac arrest.
Food allergies are the most common triggers of anaphylaxis, followed by drugs and insect stings. Sensitized individuals develop symptoms shortly after exposure, necessitating the prompt administration of epinephrine. The drug acts quickly, reversing anaphylactic effects by constricting the blood vessels to increase blood pressure, by relaxing the muscles in the lungs to improve breathing, and by stimulating the heart. When used correctly, epinephrine autoinjection can prevent the progression of anaphylaxis and thereby reduce the need for hospitalization and the risk of fatality.
The primary risk associated with the use of autoinjection devices is injury from the needle, which can occur from improper handling or when the needle does not retract into the device after use. Epinephrine itself is associated with side effects such as dizziness, anxiety, restlessness, shortness of breath, and headaches.
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<gh_stars>10-100
/* Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Open Information Security Foundation
*
* You can copy, redistribute or modify this Program under the terms of
* the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by the Free
* Software Foundation.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* version 2 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
* 02110-1301, USA.
*/
/**
* \file
*
* \author <NAME> <<EMAIL>>
*/
#ifndef __TM_QUEUES_H__
#define __TM_QUEUES_H__
typedef struct Tmq_ {
char *name;
uint16_t id;
uint16_t reader_cnt;
uint16_t writer_cnt;
} Tmq;
Tmq* TmqCreateQueue(const char *name);
Tmq* TmqGetQueueByName(const char *name);
void TmqDebugList(void);
void TmqResetQueues(void);
void TmValidateQueueState(void);
#endif /* __TM_QUEUES_H__ */
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Evaluation of 111In-labeled EPep and FibPep as tracers for fibrin SPECT imaging.
Fibrin targeting is an attractive strategy for nuclear imaging of thrombosis, atherosclerosis and cancer. Recently, FibPep, an (111)In-labeled fibrin-binding peptide, was established as a tracer for fibrin SPECT imaging and was reported to allow sensitive detection of minute thrombi in mice using SPECT. In this study, we developed EPep, a novel (111)In-labeled fibrin-binding peptide containing the fibrin-binding domain of the clinically verified EP-2104R peptide, and sought to compare the potential of EPep and FibPep as tracers for fibrin SPECT imaging. In vitro, both EPep and FibPep showed high stability in serum, but were less stable in liver and kidney homogenate assays. Both peptide probes displayed comparable affinities toward human and mouse derived fibrin (Kd ≈ 1 μM), and similarly to FibPep, EPep showed fast blood clearance, low nontarget uptake and high thrombus uptake (6.8 ± 1.2% ID g(-1)) in a mouse carotid artery thrombosis model. Furthermore, EPep showed a similar affinity toward rat derived fibrin (Kd ≈ 1 μM), displayed high thrombus uptake in a rat carotid artery thrombosis model (0.74 ± 0.39% ID g(-1)), and allowed sensitive detection of thrombosis in rats using SPECT. In contrast, FibPep displayed a significantly lower affinity toward rat derived fibrin (Kd ≈ 14 μM) and low uptake in rat thrombi (0.06 ± 0.02% ID g(-1)) and did not allow clear visualization of carotid artery thrombosis in rats using SPECT. These results were confirmed ex vivo by autoradiography, which showed a 7-fold higher ratio of activity in the thrombus over the contralateral carotid artery for EPep in comparison to FibPep. These findings suggest that the FibPep binding fibrin epitope is not fully homologous between humans and rats, and that preclinical rat models of disease should not be employed to gauge the clinical potential of FibPep. In conclusion, both peptides showed approximately similar metabolic stability and affinity toward human and mouse derived fibrin, and displayed high thrombus uptake in a mouse carotid artery thrombosis model. Therefore, both EPep and FibPep are promising fibrin targeted tracers for translation into clinical settings to serve as novel tools for molecular imaging of fibrin.
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Question: Given a text passage, come up with an appropriate title for it. The title should accurately represent what the main focus of the passage is. The title of a passage may be present in the first few sentences of the passage and/or be referred to multiple times in the passage. The title should be 1-5 words long.
[Q]: `` All I Do Is Win '' is a song from DJ Khaled 's fourth studio album Victory ( 2010 ) . It was the second single from the album . The track features American rappers T - Pain , Ludacris , Snoop Dogg and Rick Ross . It was released on February 8 , 2010 , along with `` Put Your Hands Up '' . The single was certified 3 × Platinum by the RIAA . It was the only Billboard Hot 100 charting single from the album .
[A]: All I Do Is Win
[Q]: Probability is the measure of the likelihood that an event will occur . See glossary of probability and statistics . Probability is quantified as a number between 0 and 1 , where , loosely speaking , 0 indicates impossibility and 1 indicates certainty . The higher the probability of an event , the more likely it is that the event will occur . A simple example is the tossing of a fair ( unbiased ) coin . Since the coin is fair , the two outcomes ( `` heads '' and `` tails '' ) are both equally probable ; the probability of `` heads '' equals the probability of `` tails '' ; and since no other outcomes are possible , the probability of either `` heads '' or `` tails '' is 1 / 2 ( which could also be written as 0.5 or 50 % ) .
[A]: Probability
[Q]: Myelin is a lipid - rich ( fatty ) substance formed in the central nervous system ( CNS ) by glial cells called oligodendrocytes , and in the peripheral nervous system ( PNS ) by Schwann cells . Myelin insulates nerve cell axons to increase the speed at which information ( encoded as an electrical signal ) travels from one nerve cell body to another ( as in the CNS ) or , for example , from a nerve cell body to a muscle ( as in the PNS ) . The myelinated axon can be likened to an electrical wire ( the axon ) with insulating material ( myelin ) around it . However , unlike the plastic covering on an electrical wire , myelin does not form a single long sheath over the entire length of the axon . Rather , each myelin sheath insulates the axon over a single section and , in general , each axon comprises multiple long myelinated sections separated from each other by short gaps . Each myelin sheath is formed by the concentric wrapping of an oligodendrocyte or Schwann cell process around the axon .
[A]:
Answer: Myelin
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Let’s Draw a Hat – Learn to draw a hat with this fun downloadable and printable worksheet for kids.
How to use the worksheet
1. Download the worksheet using the red download button at the top.
2. Take a print out of the worksheet using your printer.
3. Solve the worksheet using a pencil or a pen and ask your parents/teachers to check your answers.
For more such cool How To Draw Videos and Drawing Worksheets, Go to: Drawing for kids page.
|
Q: Here is an extract from a webpage: "Principles of Preserving Wealth The slideshow presentation that you would like to view is too large for your current screen resolution. Click here to view to view the slideshow at full resolution. Launch Presentation » Have A Question About This Topic? Name Email Address Message Thank you! Oops! Related Content You Would Rather Be... Are you a thrill seeker, or content to relax in the backyard? Use this flowchart to find out more about your risk tolerance. Stop Wasting Money One way to find money is to examine your current spending habits and eliminate money wasters. How Women Can Prepare For Retirement Are women prepared for a 20-year retirement?".
Write an informative and insightful blog post that expands upon the extract above within the context of "Personal Finance and Investments". Your post should delve into the nuances of the topic, offering fresh perspectives or deeper analysis. Aim to:
- Inform: Provide valuable, well-researched information that educates the reader.
- Engage: Write in a conversational tone that connects with the audience, making complex ideas accessible.
- Illustrate: Use examples, anecdotes, or personal experiences to bring the topic to life.
A: Title: Principled Wealth Preservation: A Comprehensive Guide for Today's Investors
Have you ever wondered how some people manage to maintain their wealth over generations while others struggle to make ends meet? The answer often lies in the principles of preserving wealth. While our initial instinct might be to focus solely on accumulating wealth, it's equally important to learn how to safeguard it for future use. Let's dive into understanding these essential principles, which can help individuals and families alike achieve financial security and prosperity.
First, let's address the elephant in the room - accessing the full slideshow presentation mentioned in the introduction may require adjusting your screen resolution. However, don't let this minor inconvenience deter you from learning about vital strategies for protecting your assets. Instead, consider it a metaphorical reminder that sometimes we need to change our perspective to gain a clearer picture of our finances.
**The Importance of Understanding Risk Tolerance **
One key principle in preserving wealth involves determining one's risk tolerance – essentially, knowing how much financial uncertainty you're willing to accept when investing. As alluded to by the engaging flowchart found alongside our original extract, being a thrill-seeker doesn't necessarily translate well into investment success. More conservative approaches tend to yield steadier results, reducing the likelihood of significant losses. That said, striking a balance between growth and caution is crucial; after all, inflation will slowly erode even the most carefully hoarded cash reserves if not counteracted through strategic investments.
**Eliminating Money Wasters **
Another integral aspect of maintaining wealth is mindfully managing daily expenses. It's easy to overlook seemingly insignificant purchases, but they add up quickly over time. By identifying and eliminating unnecessary expenditures, you free up additional funds that can then be allocated towards long-term savings and investments. Consider tracking your spending habits for a month or two using budgeting apps or good old pen and paper. Once you have a better grasp of where your money goes, take deliberate steps to cut back on discretionary items without compromising your quality of life.
**Women and Financial Security **
When discussing wealth preservation, it's impossible to ignore the unique challenges faced by women in preparing for retirement. On average, women live longer than men, necessitating larger retirement savings. Additionally, gender pay gaps continue to plague many industries, further complicating matters. To overcome these obstacles, women must prioritize saving early and consistently throughout their working years, explore alternative sources of income (such as passive investments), and remain proactive in negotiating fair compensation packages.
In conclusion, mastering the art of preserving wealth requires discipline, foresight, and adaptability. Embracing these core principles allows us to build solid financial foundations capable of weathering market volatility, economic downturns, and unforeseen circumstances. And remember, just as changing your screen resolution may grant access to valuable resources, so too does expanding your knowledge base empower you to make informed decisions regarding your financial future. Happy investing!
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Reddit r/JUSTNOMIL:
From other comments she has made, both DH and I think she believes that I should have biological children even if it jeopardizes my health. I don’t think it is coming from a malicious place but rather a space of all she knows and wanting to experience that joy with me.
That being said it is malicious because of the pain it is causing me. Refusing to engage definitely seems to be the best way to handle it. I hate upsetting/ hurting her but I’m done being upset after every visit and phone call. Having DH and this group has really helped me realize that I need to prioritize me.
Thank you for the advice. It really helps knowing that other people think it is okay to set up boundaries.
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(From subreddit r/relationship_advice)
I'm lost without her, but I know this will be better for her
I haven't really posted on the app, just another time actually yesterday and funny enough about her, but a few hours ago my world comes crashing down.
I've (18m) been with this girl(18f) for more than 2 years and long before I knew (or I guess thought so) she was the "one". I don't believe in the "one" but when I thought of a future for myself she was always there, anything I thought of in the future was built around her, everything else would change but she'd always be there, by my side. That's something that I always loved, I do love.
Recently we went to college and long distance is a tough thing to conquer. I thought we could do it, since both of my brothers did it, they both went to college with their girlfriends, all went to different schools. But I guess 3 for 3 was too good to be true.
In our relationship I was always the one who never really saw the bad I guess. I was happy go lucky, but not blind, like don't get me wrong I'll notice things and we'd fix them, but still there would be times she'd mention something and say "I know you feel it too" I always felt bad but it'd tell her the truth and say I'm as happy as can be. Obviously not right now with long distance but I mean for the circumstances.
During the long distance it happened often, she'd say that we kept having the same convos over and over again and that I just aren't putting in enough effort. I thought I was and weren't having plain convos, but I see where she was coming from. I always asked the same things, how was class? You eat? What ya been up too? But I ask those first so I know how she's feeling for the day, I'm checking up. I even got a plane ticket to Colorado (from Texas) to see her after the first month of being alone. I never could really see exactly how it's as bad as she makes it out to be, I guess I've always been someone easily pleased I don't know.
Recently she has a grandma in the hospital so she has been extra distant (or I thought it was because of her grandma). She has a at school counselor/therapist she goes too aswell. The past few days she hasn't said I Love You, we say it all the time. Then today comes and I mention it too her, and she says she doesn't want to talk about it and I say "it's alright I know how it feels to have a family member in the hospital and not wanna talk or say much" and then she says that's barely it, and that she hasn't told me everything. I ask what's wrong and she says it's between me and her(it's definitely not cheating, she would never do something like that). We go back and forth if we should or shouldn't talk about it, she hints that it's bad but not that bad, then I decide let's wait in person since we'll both be flying back home soon to California for Halloween.
Later that night she drops a bombshell on me, reading the text made me nauseous. It was along the lines that she was done a long time ago(I took that as the beginning of long distance but who knows) and that she thinks I was too and yet again she assumes I feel the same but I in no way do.
She mentions that the therapist brought it up, and then I knew it was the end, all I want is her happiness, we've had breakup talks before but we've always managed to stay together since I'd fight for it, but when she said the therapist brought it up without her even mentioning breaking up, I had already lost...his job is to help her well being and mental state, and if he thinks so then what can I do. If he doesn't think I'm right to stay in her life then he's probably right.
Regardless we made a promise to do this in person (break up or talk about it), pinky promise and she does it over text, I'm upset with her but I just can't be. But no matter what we will talk on Halloween weekend and see how she feels then. If she genuinely feels like she's making the right decision then I guess that's it, I truly don't want it to be but I'm at all odds here, a therapist thinks she should, she thinks she should, and it's long distance.
These past 2 years have been the best in my life, she has made me into a better man during them, I love her so incredibly much I just don't know what to do if she leaves.
Tl;DR my girlfriend of 2 years breaks up with me with no warning over text and she was my everything, I don't know what to do with myself
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n (pl -nies)c u
- ironía (f) the irony of it is that … lo irónico del asunto es que … by an irony of fate por ironías del destino that's one of life's little ironies esa es una de las pequeñas ironías de la vida he spoke with heavy/bitter irony habló en un tono cargado de ironía/con amarga ironía
Find clear and straightforward guidance that will help you improve your Spanish grammar, pronunciation, and writing skills...
Havana, Cuba has three daily newspapers. The best known is Granma(www.granma.cubaweb.cu), official newspaper of the Cuban Communist Party. Trabajadores is published by the Cuban trade union movement, and the more lively Juventud Rebelde is aimed at a younger readership.
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Chesty Puller
By Sgt Nolle T. Roberts - Originally published June 1948
In Shanghai during the summer of '41, a leathery-faced major dropped into the NCO club where a few non-coms were sampling hair of the well-known dog.
The major was acting battalion commander and the non-coms were crack Marines of a crack outfit-the old Fourth. But they knew that any moment might bring the international explosion which seemed imminent. They knew that they had little more than courage to pit against the massed might of a treacherous enemy.
"What are you going to do if a shooting war starts, Major?" asked a sergeant.
The major thrust his prominent jaw forward and growled:
"I don't know what the United States Government will do; I don't know what Marine Headquarters will do; and I don't know what the regiment will do. But-no orders to the contrary-I'll take my battalion and fight my way the hell back to Frisco."
That's "Chesty" Puller-the Chesty of Haiti and Nicaragua, the Chesty of the South Pacific, and the Chesty of today. He's still tough as knotty pine and cocky as a bantam rooster.
Colonel Lewis Burwell Puller is the same living legend at 50 years of age that he has been during most of the 30 years he has spent in the Marine Corps as an enlisted man and as an officer.
In a respite from the field, he is in New Orleans directing the Eighth Reserve District, but the men who served under him, and a big slice of the civilian population, are glad to know that he has good years ahead, if someone starts another "shooting war."
Col. Puller, a Virginian by birth, had finished only one year at the Virginia Military Institute when he joined the Corps on August 1, 1918.
After graduation from the Third Officers' Training School, in 1919, he was placed on the reserve inactive list. At the end of World War I, Puller resigned his commission in the Corps and enlisted for duty with the Gendarmerie d'Haiti.
Although an enlisted Marine, he rose to the rank of captain in the Haitian outfit and served the apprenticeship which made him one of the world's foremost jungle fighters.
In 1924, he was given a commission as a second lieutenant in the regular Marine Corps. He shoved off for Nicaragua two years later and began his fabulous tour which lasted almost seven years and brought him his first two Navy Crosses.
When the inevitable day arrives on which an ambitious biographer begins to assemble the life stories of the men who have made the reputation of the Marine Corps, the writer will have unusual difficulty with the history of Chesty Puller. It will occupy considerable space in the section devoted to the 1918-1948 period, and will require much sorting of facts from the scores of fanciful tales concocted by the men of Puller's command.
"Pullerisms" are an accepted part of Marine Corps lore, and many have foundations in fact while others are products of vivid imaginations.
The nickname, "Chesty," was a natural in view of the colonel's ramrod stance and belligerent appearance and nature. However, the men of the wartime First Division boasted that Col. Puller had a false "steel chest," apparently replacing the natural bone structure which had been hacked away by machette-swinging bandits in the Banana Wars. A few claimed that he developed the chest from shouting commands above the noise of battle.
"We don't need no frontline communications," men under Puller bragged, "Chesty yells commands up and down the line. You can hear him for miles."
He lived with his men. There were no officers' messes in Puller's outfit and he fell in line with the privates, carrying his own mess gear. In combat, he rigidly refused comforts unattainable for his men, and in training, he carried his own pack and bedding roll while marching at the head of his battalion.
The attitude is no pose. During a 28-day combat patrol through New Britain, he refused to allow native bearers to carry his pack which had been stripped to the barest essentials. Like the men, he adhered to a monotonous diet of "K" rations. He sacked in on the deck or on the bare floor of an abandoned native hut, refusing to allow the natives to make a mattress of banana leaves for him.
While on a long patrol, he sent a runner back to division headquarters with information. The runner asked if there was anything he could get for the colonel, for delivery in the jungle on the first available plane hop.
"Well, old man," growled Chesty, "Get soap, tobacco and mail for the men."
Chesty loves a fight.
After Guadalcanal, where his outfit had turned in a sensational performance, he was rushed back to the States to lecture before officers and men of the three services. Although it was a necessary task and an honorable assignment, Chesty fretted until he was returned to the field. He promptly dispatched a letter to the Commandant which contained this true and typical "Pullerism":
"It is respectfully requested that my present assignment to a combat unit be extended until the downfall of the Japanese government."
Although there may be sharper disciplinarians in the Corps, Col. Puller demands and receives absolute obedience to orders. No "Gung Ho" advocate, his units have a chain of command and the colonel insists that every link in the chain be strong.
The officer or enlisted man who violated security regulations in a combat area was certain to regret it. Although generally soft-spoken, except when roaring commands in the line, the colonel can cut loose a verbal blast that is said to peel the bark off hickory trees.
A lieutenant on Guadalcanal who had come up from the ranks was reprimanded for violating blackout regulations. "Hell." he grumbled, "I was a good sergeant and now I'm told I'm a lousy lieutenant."
The colonel heard the muttering and cut loose a parting blast. "Lieutenant So-and-So," he roared, "you never were a good sergeant!"
But these outbursts are rare. The colonel usually refers to everyone as "old man" and growls his words in a Virginia drawl.
His attention to his men goes beyond the boundaries of his unit area. Every man who went to the brig from his command was brought back before the colonel. The offender was told that the unit needed him, now that he had paid for corking off. Few went back to the brig.
Puller spent available time in the hospitals during combat, seeking out his men. All wounded men of the 1st Battalion received a personal letter from the CO which brought them cheer in those dark days. A typical letter in the scrapbook of one veteran contains the following:
"The officers and men of the 1st Battalion, Seventh Marines, recall with pride the part that you played in our success against the enemy until you received your injury in action.
"They employ this medium to express their appreciation for the part you played while you were here, wish for you a speedy recovery and hope that when you return to further action, it will be with the same outfit.
"They further assure you that until you return and thereafter until the enemy is destroyed, they will continue to fight with ever increasing vigor and determination . . ."
Col. Puller was wounded seven times by shrapnel in one engagement on Guadalcanal, and the incident resulted in one of the most famous "Pullerisms."
Sergeant Leopold Jupiter, a Marine Combat Correspondent, wrote this vivid account from the spot:
"On Guadalcanal where heroes are made, I have found a man whom many call 'the perfect soldier.'
"I picture my perfect soldier to be an inspiring leader of men, a fighting fool, a kind and tolerant officer, and above all, a fearless warrior.
"My attention became focused on Colonel Puller while he was commanding a sharp engagement with the Japanese that began on the afternoon of November 8. He was wounded seven times by shrapnel early in the fight. At dusk, when the dead and wounded were being removed, a doctor pinned a casualty tag on the colonel and suggested that he be evacuated.
"The colonel straightened up from his foxhole, revealing blood-soaked bandages on his arm, leg and foot, and in his deep Virginia drawl shouted: 'Evacuate me, hell! Take that tag and label a bottle with it. I will remain in command!'
"As eager eyes watched him with growing admiration, he remained at the head of his men throughout the night, lying within 300 yards of the enemy."
Col. Puller submitted to evacuation only after his wounded leg had stiffened and he found himself unable to keep up with his men.
"It takes a lifetime to become a good officer," Col. Puller has said.
The key lies in his concept of a "good" officer, which he expounded continuously to the unit leaders of his command and which he practiced in combat.
"Be a model of valor by example and precept," is his motto. And it has brought him four Navy Crosses, a record in the Corps, and an enviable reputation as an outstanding field officer.
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A life spent swimming in the Caribbean sounds ideal, but good luck convincing the resident fish. Already confronted by overfishing, coral bleaching and increasing amounts of sediment, nitrates, and acid, they have one more enemy to add to this list: lionfish.
A new study out of Oregon State University, which will be published soon in the journal Marine Ecology Progress Series, found that it took five weeks for lionfish, like the one shown above, to slash juvenile fish populations by 79 percent. Researchers saw one large lionfish consume 20 small fish in 30 minutes.
With less herbivorous fish, the stage is set for seaweeds to potentially overwhelm the coral reefs and threaten the already delicate ecological balance.
The sharp spines of lionfish release a venom known to cause painful stings in humans. Some humans suffering from heart problems or allergies have died after being stung by a lionfish.
Unfortunately, no solutions for neutralizing invasive lionfish jump off the page. Rounding up the lionfish individually, while possibly effective in the local area, does not provide the broad solution required. And introducing predators could be promising, but groupers that prey on lionfish in the Pacific Ocean have been over-fished in the tropical Atlantic.
Fish native to the Pacific have learned that lionfish spells t-r-o-u-b-l-e, so they have adapted to avoid these aggressive carnivores. But in the Atlantic, the lionfish are the new kids on the block, so their reputation does not precede them.
Lionfish likely entered the Florida waters in the early 1990s compliments of local aquariums or fish hobbyists. They have ventured north as far as Rhode Island and now patrol much of the Caribbean.
Interestingly, one of the few lionfish predators roaming the warm Caribbean waters is another lionfish. They can consume other fish up to two-thirds their own length.
When on the prowl, the lionfish uses its large, fan-like fins to corral its next meal. Then, it consumes its prey with one rapid strike.
With their innate ability to defend themselves, lionfish are fearless of most marine life.
- Image Gallery: Invasive Species
- Image Gallery: Incredible Coral
- Report: U.S. Coral Reefs In Severe Decline
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Methylphenidate and Autism
There are a number of limitations to all of the research studies published to date. For example
Type of study
- Eight of the studies used single-case designs, that is, they did not have a control group of participants who did not receive the intervention.
- Some of the single case design studies used relatively weak, non-experimental methodologies. For example the study by Nickels et al, 2008 and the study by Stigler et al, 2004 used retrospective chart reviews.
- One of the randomised controlled studies (Kim et al, 2017) was non-blinded, meaning the participants and researchers may have known which participants received which dosage of methylphenidate.
- Some of the randomised controlled studies (such as Pearson et al, 2013) did not adequately describe the randomisation process. This means that the participants may not have been properly randomised between the groups.
- Some of the randomised controlled studies (such as Handen et al, 2000) did not adequately describe the blinding process. This means that the participants and researchers may not have actually been blind (unaware of which participant received which intervention).
- Some of the randomised controlled studies (such as the RUUP, 2005) may have been subject to performance bias. That is, the participants may have been able to guess whether they were taking the medication or the placebo because of the side effects of the methylphenidate.
- All of the randomised controlled studies except two included fewer than 30 participants. Four of the single-case design studies included fewer than 20 participants and one (Birmaher et al, 1998) included only nine participants.
- Some of the studies were restricted to specific groups of participants. For example, Quintana H. et al, 1995 looked only at primary school age children diagnosed with autistic disorder.
- Some of the studies examined participants with a range of conditions, only a proportion of whom were on the autism spectrum. For example, Simonoff et al (2013) included a large number of participants with ADHD, only some of whom were autistic..
- Some of the studies investigated a range of stimulant medications, making it difficult to know if any reported effects were produced by methylphenidate and/or by another stimulant. For example, the study by Nickel et al, 2008 included participants who were taking methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, mixed amphetamine salts, pemoline and/or methamphetamine.
- Most of the studies ran for relatively short periods of time (four to eight weeks).
- Some of the studies examined participants who received one or more other interventions at the same time as they received methylphenidate. For example, Ghuman et al, 2009 included participants who were receiving one or more medications (such as prednisone, albuterol, flonase, atropine and melatonin) and/or other therapies (such as special education services, speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, physiotherapy and behaviour therapy).
- Some of the studies (such as Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Autism Network, 2005) used a cross-over design with no washout phase between the methylphenidate and the placebo.
- Some of the studies (such as Quintana et al, 1995) said that they used a range of outcome measures but did not provide data for all of those measures.
- Some of the studies did not break down outcome data by specific groups of participants. For example, the study by Simonoff et al (2013) did not provide separate outcome data for the participants on the autism spectrum.
- Most of the studies did not identify if methylphenidate had any beneficial effects in the medium to long term (six months or longer).
- Very few of the studies appeared to involve people on the autism spectrum and/or parents and carers in the design, development and evaluation of those studies.
- Many of the studies were funded by the manufacturer and suppliers of methylphenidate. The researchers involved may therefore have been biased towards the intervention, however unconsciously.
For a comprehensive list of potential flaws in research studies, please see Why some research studies are flawed.
- 24 Dec 2018
- Last Review
- 01 Dec 2018
- Next Review
- 01 Dec 2021
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1998 Public Statement
Joint Saudi-Japanese statement on Crown Prince's visit
At the conclusion of the three-day state visit to Japan by Crown Prince Abdullah Ibn Abdul Aziz, Deputy Prime Minister and Commander of the National Guard, a joint communiqué was issued.
The statement commented that the historic visit was expected to open a new page in the history of Saudi-Japanese relations. Reviewing a number of issues of mutual interest, the two sides expressed concern at the impasse faced by the Middle East peace process. They underlined the importance of realizing a just, comprehensive and durable peace based on the principles of the Madrid peace conference and in particular that of land for peace, as well as on the existing agreements and the relevant UN resolutions. The two sides called for the implementation of all agreements, and reiterated their opposition to unilateral procedures that might have an adverse impact on the final negotiations pertaining to the issue of Jerusalem. They urged resumption of negotiations on the Syrian-Israeli track and on the Lebanese-Israeli track, and implementation of UN Resolution 425 pertaining to Israeli withdrawal from South Lebanon.
The two sides expressed deep anxiety over the decision of the Iraqi government to suspend its cooperation with the United Nations Special Commission and the International Atomic Energy Agency, urging the Iraqi government to comply with the relevant UN resolutions, including 1194. They expressed sympathy with the Iraqi people, intimated satisfaction at UN Resolutions 986 and 1153 as meeting the humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people, and confirmed their desire for preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty and unity.
The two sides welcomed the open and moderate policy of Iran under the leadership of President Mohammed Khatami, which has paved the way for the improvement of Iran's relations with its neighbors and with other countries.
Expressing concern at developments in Afghanistan, the two sides underscored the importance of realizing peace and stability there based on a broad base of national reconciliation. They also expressed anxiety over escalation of tension along the Iranian-Afghan borders and urged Iran and Afghanistan to practice self-restraint and settle their dispute through dialogue and peaceful means. The two sides support the efforts being exerted by the UN and its envoys for containment of the dispute.
Reiterating the importance of cooperation for carrying out reform at the United Nations, the two sides support the proposed reform of the Security Council, provided that it does not affect its function or its role as stipulated in the UN Charter. The Saudi side expressed support of Japan's request for a permanent seat on the Security Council.
The two sides underlined the importance of a firm stand against the phenomenon of terrorism, irrespective of its sources and causes, and called for unified international work to combat terrorism, saying that the UN can play a significant role in this. They also gave attention to ongoing efforts to eliminate weapons of mass destruction from the Middle East, calling on all countries which have not yet signed the Treaty of Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to do so.
Crown Prince Abdullah and Japanese Prime Minister Obuchi hoped that the new areas of cooperation between Saudi Arabia and Japan in the spheres of health, science, technology, culture, sports, investments and joint projects, as stipulated in the declaration of comprehensive partnership that is included in the Program for Cooperation, will be followed up by the governments and private sectors in the two countries.
The two sides expressed their shared view to continue cooperation in the areas of commerce and investment, underscoring the important role in enhancing bilateral relations that can be played by investment projects. They reiterated their concern to conclude a bilateral agreement to encourage and protect investment, and welcomed what has so far been accomplished in this respect within the framework of dialogue between Saudi and Japanese businessmen, expressing the hope that positive developments would take place in this respect. The Japanese side expressed support for the admission of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to the World Trade Organization.
The two sides underscored the importance of stabilization of the world petroleum market, and the Japanese side expressed appreciation for the balanced role being played by the Saudi Arabia in this respect in its capacity as a reliable source for petroleum supplies to international markets, including the Japanese market. The two sides underlined the importance of cooperation for promotion of commercial exchange and investments in the field of petroleum. In view of the expected increase in demand for petroleum in the region of Asia and the Pacific, the two sides expressed readiness to review aspects of cooperation in this respect.
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