HHS-Official/mesh-2025-update-update-all-fields-report

Year int64 2.02k 2.03k	UI stringlengths 7 10	UPDATED_FIELD stringclasses 13 values	REPLACED_VALUE stringlengths 1 912	REPLACEMENT_VALUE stringlengths 1 910	NOTES stringclasses 19 values
2,025	D020552	MS	A genotoxicological technique for measuring DNA damage in an individual cell using single-cell gel electrophoresis. Cell DNA fragments assume a "comet with tail" formation on electrophoresis and are detected with an image analysis system. Alkaline assay conditions facilitate sensitive detection of single-strand damage.	A genotoxicological technique for measuring DNA damage in an individual cell using single-cell gel electrophoresis. Cell DNA fragments assume a comet with tail formation on electrophoresis and are detected with an image analysis system. Alkaline assay conditions facilitate sensitive detection of single-strand damage.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D022282	MS	Vaccines that are produced by using only the antigenic part of the disease causing organism. They often require a "booster" every few years to maintain their effectiveness.	Vaccines that are produced by using only the antigenic part of the disease causing organism. They often require a booster every few years to maintain their effectiveness.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D024841	MS	A group of QUINOLONES with at least one fluorine atom and a piperazinyl group.	A group of 4-QUINOLONES with at least one fluorine atom typically at the C-6 and a piperazinyl or other nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group at the C-7 position of the quinoline ring.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D025801	MS	A highly conserved 76-amino acid peptide universally found in eukaryotic cells that functions as a marker for intracellular PROTEIN TRANSPORT and degradation. Ubiquitin becomes activated through a series of complicated steps and forms an isopeptide bond to lysine residues of specific proteins within the cell. These "ubiquitinated" proteins can be recognized and degraded by proteosomes or be transported to specific compartments within the cell.	A highly conserved 76-amino acid peptide universally found in eukaryotic cells that functions as a marker for intracellular PROTEIN TRANSPORT and degradation. Ubiquitin becomes activated through a series of complicated steps and forms an isopeptide bond to lysine residues of specific proteins within the cell. These ubiquitinated proteins can be recognized and degraded by proteosomes or be transported to specific compartments within the cell.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D026661	MS	Committees established to review interim data and efficacy outcomes in clinical trials. The findings of these committees are used in deciding whether a trial should be continued as designed, changed, or terminated. Government regulations regarding federally-funded research involving human subjects (the "Common Rule") require (45 CFR 46.111) that research ethics committees reviewing large-scale clinical trials monitor the data collected using a mechanism such as a data monitoring committee. FDA regulations (21 CFR 50.24) require that such committees be established to monitor studies conducted in emergency settings.	Committees established to review interim data and efficacy outcomes in clinical trials. The findings of these committees are used in deciding whether a trial should be continued as designed, changed, or terminated. Government regulations regarding federally-funded research involving human subjects (the Common Rule) require (45 CFR 46.111) that research ethics committees reviewing large-scale clinical trials monitor the data collected using a mechanism such as a data monitoring committee. FDA regulations (21 CFR 50.24) require that such committees be established to monitor studies conducted in emergency settings.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D027383	MS	A family of small, non-enveloped DNA viruses infecting birds and most mammals, especially humans. They are grouped into multiple genera, but the viruses are highly host-species specific and tissue-restricted. They are commonly divided into hundreds of papillomavirus "types", each with specific gene function and gene control regions, despite sequence homology. Human papillomaviruses are found in the genera ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; BETAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; GAMMAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; and MUPAPILLOMAVIRUS.	A family of small, non-enveloped DNA viruses infecting birds and most mammals, especially humans. They are grouped into multiple genera, but the viruses are highly host-species specific and tissue-restricted. They are commonly divided into hundreds of papillomavirus types, each with specific gene function and gene control regions, despite sequence homology. Human papillomaviruses are found in the genera ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; BETAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; GAMMAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; and MUPAPILLOMAVIRUS.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D027981	MS	Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the same direction across a membrane. Usually the transport of one ion or molecule is against its electrochemical gradient and is "powered" by the movement of another ion or molecule with its electrochemical gradient.	Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the same direction across a membrane. Usually the transport of one ion or molecule is against its electrochemical gradient and is powered by the movement of another ion or molecule with its electrochemical gradient.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D028421	MS	A series of prostaglandin-like compounds that are produced by the attack of free-radical species on unsaturated fatty acids, especially ARACHIDONIC ACID, of cellular MEMBRANES. Once cleaved from the lipid membrane by the action of phospholipases they can circulate into various bodily fluids and eventually be excreted. Although these compounds resemble enzymatically synthesized prostaglandins their stereoisometric arrangement is usually different than the "naturally occurring" compounds.	A series of prostaglandin-like compounds that are produced by the attack of free-radical species on unsaturated fatty acids, especially ARACHIDONIC ACID, of cellular MEMBRANES. Once cleaved from the lipid membrane by the action of phospholipases they can circulate into various bodily fluids and eventually be excreted. Although these compounds resemble enzymatically synthesized prostaglandins their stereoisometric arrangement is usually different than the naturally occurring compounds.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D028642	HN	2002	2025 (2002)	History note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D028642	NM	Mentally Ill Persons	Persons with Psychiatric Disorders	Preferred Term (MH) updated on a descriptor
2,025	D028642	PM	2002	2025; was MENTALLY ILL PERSONS 2002-2024	Public MeSH note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D028744	MS	Hospital or other institutional committees established to protect the welfare of research subjects. Federal regulations (the "Common Rule" (45 CFR 46)) mandate the use of these committees to monitor federally-funded biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects.	Hospital or other institutional committees established to protect the welfare of research subjects. Federal regulations (the Common Rule (45 CFR 46)) mandate the use of these committees to monitor federally-funded biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D029750	MS	A plant species of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. It is a source of SAPONINS. The common name "Soapwort" is also used with VACCARIA. The common name of "Bouncing Bet" is occasionally used with VIOLA.	A plant species of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. It is a source of SAPONINS. The common name Soapwort is also used with VACCARIA. The common name of Bouncing Bet is occasionally used with VIOLA.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D029903	MS	A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Molded yellow sweet clover hay, in which the coumarin of sweet clover is converted to DICOUMAROL, is the causative agent of a hemorrhagic disorder in cattle - "hemorrhagic sweet clover disease" and featured in the history of anticoagulant drug development.	A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Molded yellow sweet clover hay, in which the coumarin of sweet clover is converted to DICOUMAROL, is the causative agent of a hemorrhagic disorder in cattle - hemorrhagic sweet clover disease and featured in the history of anticoagulant drug development.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D029911	MS	A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The common name of "Bird-Of-Paradise" is also used for other plants such as Heliconia (HELICONIACEAE) and Strelitzia (STRELITZIACEAE) and some birds. The common name of "Cat's-Claw" is more often used with UNCARIA. The common name of "Pernambuco" also refers to a state in Brazil. Furanoditerpenoid lactones and caesalpin are produced by members of this genus.	A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The common name of Bird-Of-Paradise is also used for other plants such as Heliconia (HELICONIACEAE) and Strelitzia (STRELITZIACEAE) and some birds. The common name of Cat's-Claw is more often used with UNCARIA. The common name of Pernambuco also refers to a state in Brazil. Furanoditerpenoid lactones and caesalpin are produced by members of this genus.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D030016	HN	2002; for ENTEROVIRUS-70 use ENTEROVIRUS 1992-2001	2002; for ENTEROVIRUS-1970 use ENTEROVIRUS 1992-2001	History note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D030016	PM	2002; for ENTEROVIRUS-70 see ENTEROVIRUS 1992-2001	2002; for ENTEROVIRUS-1970 see ENTEROVIRUS 1992-2001	Public MeSH note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D031210	MS	A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The name "prickly burweed" is sometimes used but causes confusion with AMSINCKIA.	A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The name prickly burweed is sometimes used but causes confusion with AMSINCKIA.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D031240	MS	A plant genus of the family CAPRIFOLIACEAE. The common name of "snowberry" is also used for GAULTHERIA.	A plant genus of the family CAPRIFOLIACEAE. The common name of snowberry is also used for GAULTHERIA.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D031244	MS	A plant genus of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. The common name "Campion" is also used with SILENE.	A plant genus of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. The common name Campion is also used with SILENE.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D031245	MS	A plant genus of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. The common name "Soapwort" is also used with SAPONARIA.	A plant genus of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. The common name Soapwort is also used with SAPONARIA.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D031256	MS	A plant genus of the family CYPERACEAE. Corm of Eleocharis species (e.g., Eleocharis dulcis) is edible and commonly referred to as "water chestnut" which sometimes also referred to fruits of unrelated plant genus TRAPA (e.g., invasive aquatic plant TRAPA NATANS).	A plant genus of the family CYPERACEAE. Corm of Eleocharis species (e.g., Eleocharis dulcis) is edible and commonly referred to as water chestnut which sometimes also referred to fruits of unrelated plant genus TRAPA (e.g., invasive aquatic plant TRAPA NATANS).	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D031282	MS	A plant genus of the family ERICACEAE. The common name of "wintergreen" is also used for PYROLA and "snowberry" is also used for SYMPHORICARPOS.	A plant genus of the family ERICACEAE. The common name of wintergreen is also used for PYROLA and snowberry is also used for SYMPHORICARPOS.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D031401	MS	A plant genus of the family Asparagaceae. The cluster of flowers at the end of the stalk distinguishes this plant from "true" Solomon's seal (POLYGONATUM), which has flowers that grow along the stem.	A plant genus of the family Asparagaceae. The cluster of flowers at the end of the stalk distinguishes this plant from true Solomon's seal (POLYGONATUM), which has flowers that grow along the stem.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D031409	MS	A plant genus of the family Asparagaceae. The common name of "dragon's blood" is also used for CROTON and Daemonorops (ARECACEAE).	A plant genus of the family Asparagaceae. The common name of dragon's blood is also used for CROTON and Daemonorops (ARECACEAE).	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D032487	MS	A plant family of conifers in the order Pinales. They are very tall trees with a worldwide distribution.	A plant genus of the family CUPRESSACEAE known for tall trees with coastal distribution in California and Oregon. Related giant sequoia is SEQUOIADENDRON GIGANTEUM and are found in the Sierra Mountain range of California.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D032487	AN	SEQUOIA, GIANT see SEQUOIADENDRON is also available	SEQUOIA, GIANT is also available	Annotation updated on a descriptor
2,025	D032488	MS	A plant genus of the family CUPRESSACEAE known for tall trees like the SEQUOIA redwoods.	A plant genus of the family CUPRESSACEAE known for giant trees like the tall SEQUOIA redwoods.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D033261	MS	The bond or lack thereof between a pregnant woman and her FETUS.	The bond or lack thereof between a pregnant person and their FETUS.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D034723	MS	Guideline for determining when it is morally permissible to perform an action to pursue a good end with knowledge that the action will also bring about bad results. It generally states that, in cases where a contemplated action has such double effect, the action is permissible only if: it is not wrong in itself; the bad result is not intended; the good result is not a direct causal result of the bad result; and the good result is "proportionate to" the bad result. (from Solomon, "Double Effect," in Becker, The Encyclopedia of Ethics, 1992)	Guideline for determining when it is morally permissible to perform an action to pursue a good end with knowledge that the action will also bring about bad results. It generally states that, in cases where a contemplated action has such double effect, the action is permissible only if: it is not wrong in itself; the bad result is not intended; the good result is not a direct causal result of the bad result; and the good result is proportionate to the bad result. (from Solomon, Double Effect, in Becker, The Encyclopedia of Ethics, 1992)	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D034743	MS	A multicomponent, ribonucleoprotein complex comprised of one of the family of ARGONAUTE PROTEINS and the "guide strand" of the one of the 20- to 30-nucleotide small RNAs. RISC cleaves specific RNAs, which are targeted for degradation by homology to these small RNAs. Functions in regulating gene expression are determined by the specific argonaute protein and small RNA including siRNA (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING), miRNA (MICRORNA), or piRNA (PIWI-INTERACTING RNA).	A multicomponent, ribonucleoprotein complex comprised of one of the family of ARGONAUTE PROTEINS and the guide strand of the one of the 20- to 30-nucleotide small RNAs. RISC cleaves specific RNAs, which are targeted for degradation by homology to these small RNAs. Functions in regulating gene expression are determined by the specific argonaute protein and small RNA including siRNA (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING), miRNA (MICRORNA), or piRNA (PIWI-INTERACTING RNA).	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D034982	MS	Bacterial proteins that are used by BACTERIOPHAGES to incorporate their DNA into the DNA of the "host" bacteria. They are DNA-binding proteins that function in genetic recombination as well as in transcriptional and translational regulation.	Bacterial proteins that are used by BACTERIOPHAGES to incorporate their DNA into the DNA of the host bacteria. They are DNA-binding proteins that function in genetic recombination as well as in transcriptional and translational regulation.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D037462	MS	The class of box jellyfish, in the phylum CNIDARIA, characterized by their cube shape, and considered the most venomous jellyfish.	A class of highly venomous jellyfish in the phylum CNIDARIA. They are referred to as box jellyfish based upon their cube (box) shape.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D037841	PM	2003	Pregnant Women 2003-2024	Public MeSH note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D037841	HN	2003	Pregnant Women 2003-2024	History note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D037841	NM	Pregnant Women	Pregnant People	Preferred Term (MH) updated on a descriptor
2,025	D037841	MS	Human females who are pregnant, as cultural, psychological, or sociological entities.	Humans who are pregnant, as cultural, psychological, or sociological entities.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D038901	NM	Mental Retardation, X-Linked	X-Linked Intellectual Disability	Preferred Term (MH) updated on a descriptor
2,025	D039322	MS	A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE. Members contain hellebrin (BUFANOLIDES). The extract is the basis of Boicil preparation used to treat rheumatism. The common name "black hellebore" is used for both VERATRUM NIGRUM and Helleborus niger.	A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE. Members contain hellebrin (BUFANOLIDES). The extract is the basis of Boicil preparation used to treat rheumatism. The common name black hellebore is used for both VERATRUM NIGRUM and Helleborus niger.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D039401	MS	Nutrition of FEMALE during PREGNANCY.	Nutrition during PREGNANCY.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D040421	MS	Analog or digital communications device in which the user has a wireless connection from a telephone to a nearby transmitter. It is termed cellular because the service area is divided into multiple "cells." As the user moves from one cell area to another, the call is transferred to the local transmitter.	Analog or digital communications device in which the user has a wireless connection from a telephone to a nearby transmitter. It is termed cellular because the service area is divided into multiple cells. As the user moves from one cell area to another, the call is transferred to the local transmitter.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D041102	MS	Species in the genus NEORICKETTSIA, causing "salmon poisoning" disease in DOGS.	Species in the genus NEORICKETTSIA, causing salmon poisoning disease in DOGS.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D042461	MS	The original member of the family of endothelial cell growth factors referred to as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A was originally isolated from tumor cells and referred to as "tumor angiogenesis factor" and "vascular permeability factor". Although expressed at high levels in certain tumor-derived cells it is produced by a wide variety of cell types. In addition to stimulating vascular growth and vascular permeability it may play a role in stimulating VASODILATION via NITRIC OXIDE-dependent pathways. Alternative splicing of the mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor A results in several isoforms of the protein being produced.	The original member of the family of endothelial cell growth factors referred to as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A was originally isolated from tumor cells and referred to as tumor angiogenesis factor and vascular permeability factor. Although expressed at high levels in certain tumor-derived cells it is produced by a wide variety of cell types. In addition to stimulating vascular growth and vascular permeability it may play a role in stimulating VASODILATION via NITRIC OXIDE-dependent pathways. Alternative splicing of the mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor A results in several isoforms of the protein being produced.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D043283	MS	Specific loci that show up during KARYOTYPING as a gap (an uncondensed stretch in closer views) on a CHROMATID arm after culturing cells under specific conditions. These sites are associated with an increase in CHROMOSOME FRAGILITY. They are classified as common or rare, and by the specific culture conditions under which they develop. Fragile site loci are named by the letters "FRA" followed by a designation for the specific chromosome, and a letter which refers to which fragile site of that chromosome (e.g. FRAXA refers to fragile site A on the X chromosome. It is a rare, folic acid-sensitive fragile site associated with FRAGILE X SYNDROME.)	Specific loci that show up during KARYOTYPING as a gap (an uncondensed stretch in closer views) on a CHROMATID arm after culturing cells under specific conditions. These sites are associated with an increase in CHROMOSOME FRAGILITY. They are classified as common or rare, and by the specific culture conditions under which they develop. Fragile site loci are named by the letters FRA followed by a designation for the specific chromosome, and a letter which refers to which fragile site of that chromosome (e.g. FRAXA refers to fragile site A on the X chromosome. It is a rare, folic acid-sensitive fragile site associated with FRAGILE X SYNDROME.)	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D044404	MS	Distinct units in some bacterial, bacteriophage or plasmid GENOMES that are types of MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS. Encoded in them are a variety of fitness conferring genes, such as VIRULENCE FACTORS (in "pathogenicity islands or islets"), ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE genes, or genes required for SYMBIOSIS (in "symbiosis islands or islets"). They range in size from 10 - 500 kilobases, and their GC CONTENT and CODON usage differ from the rest of the genome. They typically contain an INTEGRASE gene, although in some cases this gene has been deleted resulting in "anchored genomic islands".	Distinct units in some bacterial, bacteriophage or plasmid GENOMES that are types of MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS. Encoded in them are a variety of fitness conferring genes, such as VIRULENCE FACTORS (in pathogenicity islands or islets), ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE genes, or genes required for SYMBIOSIS (in symbiosis islands or islets). They range in size from 10 - 500 kilobases, and their GC CONTENT and CODON usage differ from the rest of the genome. They typically contain an INTEGRASE gene, although in some cases this gene has been deleted resulting in anchored genomic islands.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D044468	HN	2022	2025 (2022)	History note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D044468	NM	Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander	Preferred Term (MH) updated on a descriptor
2,025	D044468	PM	2022	2025; see NATIVE HAWAIIAN OR OTHER PACIFIC ISLANDER 2022-2024	Public MeSH note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D045384	MS	Large (>160 kDa) glycoproteins with electrophoretic mobility of ALPHA-GLOBULINS, found in high concentration in the plasma of pregnant women but also in a number of species including mouse, rat, and others (ALPHA-MACROGLOBULINS). In humans, they are always present in the circulation and are nonspecific inhibitors of PROTEINASES, similar to COMPLEMENT PROTEINS (C3; C4; C5).	Large (>160 kDa) glycoproteins with electrophoretic mobility of ALPHA-GLOBULINS, found in high concentration in the plasma of PREGNANT PEOPLE but also in a number of species including mouse, rat, and others (ALPHA-MACROGLOBULINS). In humans, they are always present in the circulation and are nonspecific inhibitors of PROTEINASES, similar to COMPLEMENT PROTEINS (C3; C4; C5).	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D045685	AN	infection: coordinate with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA /‌vet + CATTLE DISEASES or MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS /‌vet + CATTLE DISEASES + RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS /vet	infection: coordinate with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA /vet + CATTLE DISEASES or MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS /vet + CATTLE DISEASES + RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS /vet	Annotation updated on a descriptor
2,025	D045908	NM	Mpox (monkeypox)	Mpox, Monkeypox	Preferred Term (MH) updated on a descriptor
2,025	D045908	HN	2023 (2004)	2025 (2004)	History note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D045908	PM	2023; see MONKEYPOX 2004-2023	2025; see MONKEYPOX 2004-2023 and MPOX (MONKEYPOX) 2024	Public MeSH note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D046110	MS	A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (>140 mm Hg) and diastolic (>90 mm Hg) blood pressure on at least two occasions 6 h apart. HYPERTENSION complicates 8-10% of all pregnancies, generally after 20 weeks of gestation. Gestational hypertension can be divided into several broad categories according to the complexity and associated symptoms, such as EDEMA; PROTEINURIA; SEIZURES; abnormalities in BLOOD COAGULATION and liver functions.	A condition in PREGNANT PEOPLE with elevated systolic (>140 mm Hg) and diastolic (>90 mm Hg) blood pressure on at least two occasions 6 h apart. HYPERTENSION complicates 8-10% of all pregnancies, generally after 20 weeks of gestation. Gestational hypertension can be divided into several broad categories according to the complexity and associated symptoms, such as EDEMA; PROTEINURIA; SEIZURES; abnormalities in BLOOD COAGULATION and liver functions.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D047248	MS	Macrocyclic compounds analogous to CROWN ETHERS but which lack any OXYGEN atoms.	Macrocyclic organic ring compounds that include repeating non-carbon elements such as OXYGEN, NITROGEN, or SULFUR. The alternating crown structure conveys the ability of the compounds to act as CHELATING AGENTS.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D047508	MS	Extensive and rapid death of parenchymal cells in the LIVER, often due to exposure to toxic materials or drug-induced injury. It is characterized by a soft, flabby, yellow-brown wrinkled, and shrunken liver. It was called "acute yellow atrophy".	Extensive and rapid death of parenchymal cells in the LIVER, often due to exposure to toxic materials or drug-induced injury. It is characterized by a soft, flabby, yellow-brown wrinkled, and shrunken liver. It was called acute yellow atrophy.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D048508	MS	A species of tick (TICKS) in the family IXODIDAE, distributed throughout the world but abundant in southern Europe. It will feed on a wide variety of MAMMALS, but DOGS are its preferred host. It transmits a large number of diseases including BABESIOSIS; THEILERIASIS; EHRLICHIOSIS; and MEDITERRANEAN SPOTTED FEVER.	A species of tick (TICKS) in the family IXODIDAE, distributed throughout the world but abundant in southern Europe. It will feed on a wide variety of MAMMALS, but DOGS are its preferred host. It transmits a large number of diseases including BABESIOSIS; THEILERIASIS; EHRLICHIOSIS; ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER; and MEDITERRANEAN SPOTTED FEVER.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D048968	MS	Symptoms of NAUSEA and VOMITING in pregnant women that usually occur in the morning during the first 2 to 3 months of PREGNANCY. Severe persistent vomiting during pregnancy is called HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM.	Symptoms of NAUSEA and VOMITING in PREGNANT PEOPLE that usually occur in the morning during the first 2 to 3 months of PREGNANCY. Severe persistent vomiting during pregnancy is called HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D049148	MS	A reaction that produces an "activated" amino acid derivative, such as amino acyl adenylate, or amino acylphosphorylate and provides energy for the amino acid to be incorporated into a peptide, protein, or other macromolecule.	A reaction that produces an activated amino acid derivative, such as amino acyl adenylate, or amino acylphosphorylate and provides energy for the amino acid to be incorporated into a peptide, protein, or other macromolecule.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D049629	MS	The waist circumference measurement divided by the hip circumference measurement. For both men and women, a waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of 1.0 or higher is considered "at risk" for undesirable health consequences, such as heart disease and ailments associated with OVERWEIGHT. A healthy WHR is 0.90 or less for men, and 0.80 or less for women. (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2004)	The waist circumference measurement divided by the hip circumference measurement. For both men and women, a waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of 1.0 or higher is considered at risk for undesirable health consequences, such as heart disease and ailments associated with OVERWEIGHT. A healthy WHR is 0.90 or less for men, and 0.80 or less for women. (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2004)	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D050177	MS	A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal "over fat".	A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D053574	MS	An interleukin-1 receptor subtype that competes with the INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR TYPE I for binding to INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The interleukin-1 type II receptor appears to lack signal transduction capability. Therefore it may act as a "decoy" receptor that modulates the activity of its ligands. Both membrane-bound and soluble forms of the receptor have been identified.	An interleukin-1 receptor subtype that competes with the INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR TYPE I for binding to INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The interleukin-1 type II receptor appears to lack signal transduction capability. Therefore it may act as a decoy receptor that modulates the activity of its ligands. Both membrane-bound and soluble forms of the receptor have been identified.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D053706	MS	Necrotizing inflammation of the CECUM ("typhlon" in Greek), sometimes spreading to the APPENDIX and/or the ILEUM. Symptoms include ABDOMINAL PAIN and DIARRHEA. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial. Typhlitis is often associated with NEUTROPENIA and chemotherapy in immunocompromised individuals (IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST).	Necrotizing inflammation of the CECUM (typhlon in Greek), sometimes spreading to the APPENDIX and/or the ILEUM. Symptoms include ABDOMINAL PAIN and DIARRHEA. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial. Typhlitis is often associated with NEUTROPENIA and chemotherapy in immunocompromised individuals (IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST).	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D054541	HN	2008	2008; EVER MARRIED see MARITAL STATUS 2025-; CURRENTLY MARRIED see MARITAL STATUS 2025-	History note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D054877	MS	A syndrome caused by large deletions of the telomereic end of the short arm of CHROMOSOME 4 (4p) in Wolf-Hirchhorn syndrome critial regions (WHSCRs). Several candidate genes have been identified including WHSC1 and WHSCH2 which appear to be responsible for the core phenotype and in combination with other linked and unlinked genes determine the severity and inclusion of rarer phenotypes. Most cases have a characteristic cranio-facial defect often referred to as "Greek helmet face" - a combined result of MICROCEPHALY, broad forehead, prominent glabella, HYPERTELORISM, high arched eyebrows, short philtrum and micrognathia. In addition there is mental retardation, growth delays, EPILEPSY, and frequently a wide range of midline and skeletal defects, including HYPOSPADIAS; CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; CLEFT LIP; CLEFT PALATE; colobomata; CLUBFOOT; clinodactyly; SCOLIOSIS; and KYPHOSIS.	A syndrome caused by large deletions of the telomereic end of the short arm of CHROMOSOME 4 (4p) in Wolf-Hirchhorn syndrome critial regions (WHSCRs). Several candidate genes have been identified including WHSC1 and WHSCH2 which appear to be responsible for the core phenotype and in combination with other linked and unlinked genes determine the severity and inclusion of rarer phenotypes. Most cases have a characteristic cranio-facial defect often referred to as Greek helmet face - a combined result of MICROCEPHALY, broad forehead, prominent glabella, HYPERTELORISM, high arched eyebrows, short philtrum and micrognathia. In addition there is mental retardation, growth delays, EPILEPSY, and frequently a wide range of midline and skeletal defects, including HYPOSPADIAS; CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; CLEFT LIP; CLEFT PALATE; colobomata; CLUBFOOT; clinodactyly; SCOLIOSIS; and KYPHOSIS.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D057096	MS	A condition caused by ingestion of shellfish contaminated with brevetoxins primarily produced by the marine dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. This results from a HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM, especially the so-called "Florida red tide."	A condition caused by ingestion of shellfish contaminated with brevetoxins primarily produced by the marine dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. This results from a HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM, especially the so-called Florida red tide.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D057625	MS	A nonlinear electrophoretic technique used to separate a variety of ionic compounds, ranging from small metal ions to large molecules like proteins. Unlike "linear" zone electrophoresis in which separating solute bands continually spread by diffusion or dispersion, isotachophoresis forms self-sharpening, adjacent zones of substantially pure solute whose concentrations often exceed several mgs/ml. In isotachophoresis a multianalyte sample is introduced between the leading electrolyte and the terminating electrolyte where the sample ions have lower electrophoretic mobilities than the leading ion but larger than the terminating ion. (From "Isotachophoresis" on the AES Web Site [Internet]. Madison, WI: The American Electrophoresis Society; c2000-2008 [cited 2009 Aug 20]. Available from http://www.aesociety.org/areas/isotachophoresis.php)	A nonlinear electrophoretic technique used to separate a variety of ionic compounds, ranging from small metal ions to large molecules like proteins. Unlike linear zone electrophoresis in which separating solute bands continually spread by diffusion or dispersion, isotachophoresis forms self-sharpening, adjacent zones of substantially pure solute whose concentrations often exceed several mgs/ml. In isotachophoresis a multianalyte sample is introduced between the leading electrolyte and the terminating electrolyte where the sample ions have lower electrophoretic mobilities than the leading ion but larger than the terminating ion. (From Isotachophoresis on the AES Web Site [Internet]. Madison, WI: The American Electrophoresis Society; c2000-2008 [cited 2009 Aug 20]. Available from http://www.aesociety.org/areas/isotachophoresis.php)	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D057829	HN	2011	2025 (2011)	History note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D057829	NM	Sex Reassignment Procedures	Gender-Affirming Procedures	Preferred Term (MH) updated on a descriptor
2,025	D057829	PM	2011	2025; see Sex Reassignment Procedures (2011-2024)	Public MeSH note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D057830	NM	Sex Reassignment Surgery	Gender-Affirming Surgery	Preferred Term (MH) updated on a descriptor
2,025	D057830	HN	2011	2025 (2011)	History note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D057830	PM	2011	2025; see Sex Reassignment Surgery (2011-2024)	Public MeSH note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D057930	MS	Organic chemistry methodology that mimics the modular nature of various biosynthetic processes. It uses highly reliable and selective reactions designed to "click" i.e., rapidly join small modular units together in high yield, without offensive byproducts. In combination with COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES, it is used for the synthesis of new compounds and combinatorial libraries.	Organic chemistry methodology that mimics the modular nature of various biosynthetic processes. It uses highly reliable and selective reactions designed to click i.e., rapidly join small modular units together in high yield, without offensive byproducts. In combination with COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES, it is used for the synthesis of new compounds and combinatorial libraries.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D058893	MS	Techniques for standardizing and expediting taxonomic identification or classification of organisms that are based on deciphering the sequence of one or a few regions of DNA known as the "DNA barcode".	Techniques for standardizing and expediting taxonomic identification or classification of organisms that are based on deciphering the sequence of one or a few regions of DNA known as the DNA barcode.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D059270	HN	2012; for GRADENIGO'S SYNDROME see under OTITIS MEDIA 1963-81, use OTITIS MEDIA 1982-92	2012; for GRADENIGO'S SYNDROME see under OTITIS MEDIA 1963-1981, use OTITIS MEDIA 1982-1992	History note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D059270	PM	2012; for GRADENIGO'S SYNDROME see under OTITIS MEDIA 1963-81, see OTITIS MEDIA 1982-92	2012; for GRADENIGO'S SYNDROME see under OTITIS MEDIA 1963-1981, see OTITIS MEDIA 1982-1992	Public MeSH note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D059447	MS	Regulatory signaling systems that control the progression through the CELL CYCLE. They ensure that the cell has completed, in the correct order and without mistakes, all the processes required to replicate the GENOME and CYTOPLASM, and divide them equally between two daughter cells. If cells sense they have not completed these processes or that the environment does not have the nutrients and growth hormones in place to proceed, then the cells are restrained (or "arrested") until the processes are completed and growth conditions are suitable.	Regulatory signaling systems that control the progression through the CELL CYCLE. They ensure that the cell has completed, in the correct order and without mistakes, all the processes required to replicate the GENOME and CYTOPLASM, and divide them equally between two daughter cells. If cells sense they have not completed these processes or that the environment does not have the nutrients and growth hormones in place to proceed, then the cells are restrained (or arrested) until the processes are completed and growth conditions are suitable.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D060329	HN	2012	2024 (2012)	History note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D060329	PM	2012	2025; see EDUCATION OF VISUALLY DISABLED 2012-2024	Public MeSH note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D060329	NM	Education of Visually Disabled	Education of Persons with Visual Disabilities	Preferred Term (MH) updated on a descriptor
2,025	D060345	NM	Education of Hearing Disabled	Education of Persons with Hearing Disabilities	Preferred Term (MH) updated on a descriptor
2,025	D060345	PM	2012	2025; was EDUCATION OF HEARING DISABLED 2012-2024	Public MeSH note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D060345	HN	2012	2025 (2012)	History note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D062309	MS	Policies and programs which ensure that DISABLED PERSONS and those with CHRONIC ILLNESS receive the support and SOCIAL SERVICES needed to live in their communities.	Policies and programs which ensure that PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES and those with CHRONIC ILLNESS receive the support and SOCIAL SERVICES needed to live in their communities.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D063106	MS	Those individuals with gender dysphoria and with a persistent desire to undergo SEX REASSIGNMENT PROCEDURES.	Those individuals with gender dysphoria and with a persistent desire to undergo GENDER-AFFIRMING PROCEDURES.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D063106	MS	Persons having a sense of persistent identification with, and expression of, gender-coded behaviors not typically associated with one's anatomical sex at birth, with or without a desire to undergo SEX REASSIGNMENT PROCEDURES.	Persons having a sense of persistent identification with, and expression of, gender-coded behaviors not typically associated with one's anatomical sex at birth, with or without a desire to undergo GENDER-AFFIRMING PROCEDURES.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D063130	AN	do not confuse with MATERNAL MORTALITY, a statistical concept	use PREGNANCY-RELATED DEATH for maternal death during or related to pregnancy	Annotation updated on a descriptor
2,025	D064186	MS	Training for pregnant women and parents-to-be to prepare for CHILDBIRTH; CHILD CARE; and parenthood.	Training for PREGNANT PEOPLE and parents-to-be to prepare for CHILDBIRTH; CHILD CARE; and parenthood.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D064592	AN	use for the autograft itself; use AUTOGRAFTING see TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS for the surgical procedure	use for the autograft itself; use AUTOGRAFTING for the surgical procedure	Annotation updated on a descriptor
2,025	D065133	MS	An Order of aquatic INSECTS comprising about 2,500 species worldwide. It is the only insect group with two flying stages, each with relatively large forewings. The immature stage called "naiad" or "nymph" lasts one year in fresh water, and the adult stage is shortlived, lasting from a few minutes to a few days, depending on the species. The Ephemeroptera includes mayflies (also called shadflies)	An Order of aquatic INSECTS comprising about 2,500 species worldwide. It is the only insect group with two flying stages, each with relatively large forewings. The immature stage called naiad or nymph lasts one year in fresh water, and the adult stage is shortlived, lasting from a few minutes to a few days, depending on the species. The Ephemeroptera includes mayflies (also called shadflies)	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D065186	MS	A study that uses observations at multiple time points before and after an intervention (the "interruption"), in an attempt to detect whether the intervention has had an effect significantly greater than any underlying trend over time.	A study that uses observations at multiple time points before and after an intervention (the interruption), in an attempt to detect whether the intervention has had an effect significantly greater than any underlying trend over time.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,025	D066086	MS	Health services and access for DISABLED PERSONS. Disabilities include impairments, activity limitations, or participation restrictions, and reflect the interaction between the individual with the disability and personal and environmental factors.	Health services and access for PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES. Disabilities include impairments, activity limitations, or participation restrictions, and reflect the interaction between the individual with the disability and personal and environmental factors.	MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor
2,024	C000588608	NM	pescadillo protein, Arabidopsis	AT5G14520 protein, Arabidopsis	Preferred Term (NM) updated on an scr
2,024	C000589232	NM	arhgap42 protein, human	ARHGAP42 protein, human	Preferred Term (NM) updated on an scr
2,024	C000589295	NM	ApoO protein, human	APOO protein, human	Preferred Term (NM) updated on an scr
2,024	C000594657	NO	RefSeq NC_000005	RefSeq NM_130767	Note updated on a SCR
2,024	C000595993	NM	lysine (K)-specific demethylase 1B, human	KDM1B protein, human	Preferred Term (NM) updated on an scr
2,024	C000601750	RN	0	06DX01190R	Registry number updated on an SCR
2,024	C000605396	NM	MIRN-379 microRNA, mouse	MIRN379 microRNA, mouse	Preferred Term (NM) updated on an scr

2,025

D020552

MS

A genotoxicological technique for measuring DNA damage in an individual cell using single-cell gel electrophoresis. Cell DNA fragments assume a "comet with tail" formation on electrophoresis and are detected with an image analysis system. Alkaline assay conditions facilitate sensitive detection of single-strand damage.

A genotoxicological technique for measuring DNA damage in an individual cell using single-cell gel electrophoresis. Cell DNA fragments assume a comet with tail formation on electrophoresis and are detected with an image analysis system. Alkaline assay conditions facilitate sensitive detection of single-strand damage.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D022282

MS

Vaccines that are produced by using only the antigenic part of the disease causing organism. They often require a "booster" every few years to maintain their effectiveness.

Vaccines that are produced by using only the antigenic part of the disease causing organism. They often require a booster every few years to maintain their effectiveness.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D024841

MS

A group of QUINOLONES with at least one fluorine atom and a piperazinyl group.

A group of 4-QUINOLONES with at least one fluorine atom typically at the C-6 and a piperazinyl or other nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group at the C-7 position of the quinoline ring.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D025801

MS

A highly conserved 76-amino acid peptide universally found in eukaryotic cells that functions as a marker for intracellular PROTEIN TRANSPORT and degradation. Ubiquitin becomes activated through a series of complicated steps and forms an isopeptide bond to lysine residues of specific proteins within the cell. These "ubiquitinated" proteins can be recognized and degraded by proteosomes or be transported to specific compartments within the cell.

A highly conserved 76-amino acid peptide universally found in eukaryotic cells that functions as a marker for intracellular PROTEIN TRANSPORT and degradation. Ubiquitin becomes activated through a series of complicated steps and forms an isopeptide bond to lysine residues of specific proteins within the cell. These ubiquitinated proteins can be recognized and degraded by proteosomes or be transported to specific compartments within the cell.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D026661

MS

Committees established to review interim data and efficacy outcomes in clinical trials. The findings of these committees are used in deciding whether a trial should be continued as designed, changed, or terminated. Government regulations regarding federally-funded research involving human subjects (the "Common Rule") require (45 CFR 46.111) that research ethics committees reviewing large-scale clinical trials monitor the data collected using a mechanism such as a data monitoring committee. FDA regulations (21 CFR 50.24) require that such committees be established to monitor studies conducted in emergency settings.

Committees established to review interim data and efficacy outcomes in clinical trials. The findings of these committees are used in deciding whether a trial should be continued as designed, changed, or terminated. Government regulations regarding federally-funded research involving human subjects (the Common Rule) require (45 CFR 46.111) that research ethics committees reviewing large-scale clinical trials monitor the data collected using a mechanism such as a data monitoring committee. FDA regulations (21 CFR 50.24) require that such committees be established to monitor studies conducted in emergency settings.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D027383

MS

A family of small, non-enveloped DNA viruses infecting birds and most mammals, especially humans. They are grouped into multiple genera, but the viruses are highly host-species specific and tissue-restricted. They are commonly divided into hundreds of papillomavirus "types", each with specific gene function and gene control regions, despite sequence homology. Human papillomaviruses are found in the genera ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; BETAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; GAMMAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; and MUPAPILLOMAVIRUS.

A family of small, non-enveloped DNA viruses infecting birds and most mammals, especially humans. They are grouped into multiple genera, but the viruses are highly host-species specific and tissue-restricted. They are commonly divided into hundreds of papillomavirus types, each with specific gene function and gene control regions, despite sequence homology. Human papillomaviruses are found in the genera ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; BETAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; GAMMAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; and MUPAPILLOMAVIRUS.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D027981

MS

Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the same direction across a membrane. Usually the transport of one ion or molecule is against its electrochemical gradient and is "powered" by the movement of another ion or molecule with its electrochemical gradient.

Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the same direction across a membrane. Usually the transport of one ion or molecule is against its electrochemical gradient and is powered by the movement of another ion or molecule with its electrochemical gradient.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D028421

MS

A series of prostaglandin-like compounds that are produced by the attack of free-radical species on unsaturated fatty acids, especially ARACHIDONIC ACID, of cellular MEMBRANES. Once cleaved from the lipid membrane by the action of phospholipases they can circulate into various bodily fluids and eventually be excreted. Although these compounds resemble enzymatically synthesized prostaglandins their stereoisometric arrangement is usually different than the "naturally occurring" compounds.

A series of prostaglandin-like compounds that are produced by the attack of free-radical species on unsaturated fatty acids, especially ARACHIDONIC ACID, of cellular MEMBRANES. Once cleaved from the lipid membrane by the action of phospholipases they can circulate into various bodily fluids and eventually be excreted. Although these compounds resemble enzymatically synthesized prostaglandins their stereoisometric arrangement is usually different than the naturally occurring compounds.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D028642

HN

2002

2025 (2002)

History note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D028642

NM

Mentally Ill Persons

Persons with Psychiatric Disorders

Preferred Term (MH) updated on a descriptor

2,025

D028642

PM

2002

2025; was MENTALLY ILL PERSONS 2002-2024

Public MeSH note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D028744

MS

Hospital or other institutional committees established to protect the welfare of research subjects. Federal regulations (the "Common Rule" (45 CFR 46)) mandate the use of these committees to monitor federally-funded biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects.

Hospital or other institutional committees established to protect the welfare of research subjects. Federal regulations (the Common Rule (45 CFR 46)) mandate the use of these committees to monitor federally-funded biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D029750

MS

A plant species of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. It is a source of SAPONINS. The common name "Soapwort" is also used with VACCARIA. The common name of "Bouncing Bet" is occasionally used with VIOLA.

A plant species of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. It is a source of SAPONINS. The common name Soapwort is also used with VACCARIA. The common name of Bouncing Bet is occasionally used with VIOLA.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D029903

MS

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Molded yellow sweet clover hay, in which the coumarin of sweet clover is converted to DICOUMAROL, is the causative agent of a hemorrhagic disorder in cattle - "hemorrhagic sweet clover disease" and featured in the history of anticoagulant drug development.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Molded yellow sweet clover hay, in which the coumarin of sweet clover is converted to DICOUMAROL, is the causative agent of a hemorrhagic disorder in cattle - hemorrhagic sweet clover disease and featured in the history of anticoagulant drug development.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D029911

MS

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The common name of "Bird-Of-Paradise" is also used for other plants such as Heliconia (HELICONIACEAE) and Strelitzia (STRELITZIACEAE) and some birds. The common name of "Cat's-Claw" is more often used with UNCARIA. The common name of "Pernambuco" also refers to a state in Brazil. Furanoditerpenoid lactones and caesalpin are produced by members of this genus.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The common name of Bird-Of-Paradise is also used for other plants such as Heliconia (HELICONIACEAE) and Strelitzia (STRELITZIACEAE) and some birds. The common name of Cat's-Claw is more often used with UNCARIA. The common name of Pernambuco also refers to a state in Brazil. Furanoditerpenoid lactones and caesalpin are produced by members of this genus.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D030016

HN

2002; for ENTEROVIRUS-70 use ENTEROVIRUS 1992-2001

2002; for ENTEROVIRUS-1970 use ENTEROVIRUS 1992-2001

History note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D030016

PM

2002; for ENTEROVIRUS-70 see ENTEROVIRUS 1992-2001

2002; for ENTEROVIRUS-1970 see ENTEROVIRUS 1992-2001

Public MeSH note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D031210

MS

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The name "prickly burweed" is sometimes used but causes confusion with AMSINCKIA.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The name prickly burweed is sometimes used but causes confusion with AMSINCKIA.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D031240

MS

A plant genus of the family CAPRIFOLIACEAE. The common name of "snowberry" is also used for GAULTHERIA.

A plant genus of the family CAPRIFOLIACEAE. The common name of snowberry is also used for GAULTHERIA.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D031244

MS

A plant genus of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. The common name "Campion" is also used with SILENE.

A plant genus of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. The common name Campion is also used with SILENE.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D031245

MS

A plant genus of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. The common name "Soapwort" is also used with SAPONARIA.

A plant genus of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. The common name Soapwort is also used with SAPONARIA.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D031256

MS

A plant genus of the family CYPERACEAE. Corm of Eleocharis species (e.g., Eleocharis dulcis) is edible and commonly referred to as "water chestnut" which sometimes also referred to fruits of unrelated plant genus TRAPA (e.g., invasive aquatic plant TRAPA NATANS).

A plant genus of the family CYPERACEAE. Corm of Eleocharis species (e.g., Eleocharis dulcis) is edible and commonly referred to as water chestnut which sometimes also referred to fruits of unrelated plant genus TRAPA (e.g., invasive aquatic plant TRAPA NATANS).

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D031282

MS

A plant genus of the family ERICACEAE. The common name of "wintergreen" is also used for PYROLA and "snowberry" is also used for SYMPHORICARPOS.

A plant genus of the family ERICACEAE. The common name of wintergreen is also used for PYROLA and snowberry is also used for SYMPHORICARPOS.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D031401

MS

A plant genus of the family Asparagaceae. The cluster of flowers at the end of the stalk distinguishes this plant from "true" Solomon's seal (POLYGONATUM), which has flowers that grow along the stem.

A plant genus of the family Asparagaceae. The cluster of flowers at the end of the stalk distinguishes this plant from true Solomon's seal (POLYGONATUM), which has flowers that grow along the stem.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D031409

MS

A plant genus of the family Asparagaceae. The common name of "dragon's blood" is also used for CROTON and Daemonorops (ARECACEAE).

A plant genus of the family Asparagaceae. The common name of dragon's blood is also used for CROTON and Daemonorops (ARECACEAE).

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D032487

MS

A plant family of conifers in the order Pinales. They are very tall trees with a worldwide distribution.

A plant genus of the family CUPRESSACEAE known for tall trees with coastal distribution in California and Oregon. Related giant sequoia is SEQUOIADENDRON GIGANTEUM and are found in the Sierra Mountain range of California.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D032487

AN

SEQUOIA, GIANT see SEQUOIADENDRON is also available

SEQUOIA, GIANT is also available

Annotation updated on a descriptor

2,025

D032488

MS

A plant genus of the family CUPRESSACEAE known for tall trees like the SEQUOIA redwoods.

A plant genus of the family CUPRESSACEAE known for giant trees like the tall SEQUOIA redwoods.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D033261

MS

The bond or lack thereof between a pregnant woman and her FETUS.

The bond or lack thereof between a pregnant person and their FETUS.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D034723

MS

Guideline for determining when it is morally permissible to perform an action to pursue a good end with knowledge that the action will also bring about bad results. It generally states that, in cases where a contemplated action has such double effect, the action is permissible only if: it is not wrong in itself; the bad result is not intended; the good result is not a direct causal result of the bad result; and the good result is "proportionate to" the bad result. (from Solomon, "Double Effect," in Becker, The Encyclopedia of Ethics, 1992)

Guideline for determining when it is morally permissible to perform an action to pursue a good end with knowledge that the action will also bring about bad results. It generally states that, in cases where a contemplated action has such double effect, the action is permissible only if: it is not wrong in itself; the bad result is not intended; the good result is not a direct causal result of the bad result; and the good result is proportionate to the bad result. (from Solomon, Double Effect, in Becker, The Encyclopedia of Ethics, 1992)

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D034743

MS

A multicomponent, ribonucleoprotein complex comprised of one of the family of ARGONAUTE PROTEINS and the "guide strand" of the one of the 20- to 30-nucleotide small RNAs. RISC cleaves specific RNAs, which are targeted for degradation by homology to these small RNAs. Functions in regulating gene expression are determined by the specific argonaute protein and small RNA including siRNA (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING), miRNA (MICRORNA), or piRNA (PIWI-INTERACTING RNA).

A multicomponent, ribonucleoprotein complex comprised of one of the family of ARGONAUTE PROTEINS and the guide strand of the one of the 20- to 30-nucleotide small RNAs. RISC cleaves specific RNAs, which are targeted for degradation by homology to these small RNAs. Functions in regulating gene expression are determined by the specific argonaute protein and small RNA including siRNA (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING), miRNA (MICRORNA), or piRNA (PIWI-INTERACTING RNA).

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D034982

MS

Bacterial proteins that are used by BACTERIOPHAGES to incorporate their DNA into the DNA of the "host" bacteria. They are DNA-binding proteins that function in genetic recombination as well as in transcriptional and translational regulation.

Bacterial proteins that are used by BACTERIOPHAGES to incorporate their DNA into the DNA of the host bacteria. They are DNA-binding proteins that function in genetic recombination as well as in transcriptional and translational regulation.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D037462

MS

The class of box jellyfish, in the phylum CNIDARIA, characterized by their cube shape, and considered the most venomous jellyfish.

A class of highly venomous jellyfish in the phylum CNIDARIA. They are referred to as box jellyfish based upon their cube (box) shape.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D037841

PM

2003

Pregnant Women 2003-2024

Public MeSH note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D037841

HN

2003

Pregnant Women 2003-2024

History note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D037841

NM

Pregnant Women

Pregnant People

Preferred Term (MH) updated on a descriptor

2,025

D037841

MS

Human females who are pregnant, as cultural, psychological, or sociological entities.

Humans who are pregnant, as cultural, psychological, or sociological entities.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D038901

NM

Mental Retardation, X-Linked

X-Linked Intellectual Disability

Preferred Term (MH) updated on a descriptor

2,025

D039322

MS

A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE. Members contain hellebrin (BUFANOLIDES). The extract is the basis of Boicil preparation used to treat rheumatism. The common name "black hellebore" is used for both VERATRUM NIGRUM and Helleborus niger.

A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE. Members contain hellebrin (BUFANOLIDES). The extract is the basis of Boicil preparation used to treat rheumatism. The common name black hellebore is used for both VERATRUM NIGRUM and Helleborus niger.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D039401

MS

Nutrition of FEMALE during PREGNANCY.

Nutrition during PREGNANCY.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D040421

MS

Analog or digital communications device in which the user has a wireless connection from a telephone to a nearby transmitter. It is termed cellular because the service area is divided into multiple "cells." As the user moves from one cell area to another, the call is transferred to the local transmitter.

Analog or digital communications device in which the user has a wireless connection from a telephone to a nearby transmitter. It is termed cellular because the service area is divided into multiple cells. As the user moves from one cell area to another, the call is transferred to the local transmitter.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D041102

MS

Species in the genus NEORICKETTSIA, causing "salmon poisoning" disease in DOGS.

Species in the genus NEORICKETTSIA, causing salmon poisoning disease in DOGS.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D042461

MS

The original member of the family of endothelial cell growth factors referred to as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A was originally isolated from tumor cells and referred to as "tumor angiogenesis factor" and "vascular permeability factor". Although expressed at high levels in certain tumor-derived cells it is produced by a wide variety of cell types. In addition to stimulating vascular growth and vascular permeability it may play a role in stimulating VASODILATION via NITRIC OXIDE-dependent pathways. Alternative splicing of the mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor A results in several isoforms of the protein being produced.

The original member of the family of endothelial cell growth factors referred to as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A was originally isolated from tumor cells and referred to as tumor angiogenesis factor and vascular permeability factor. Although expressed at high levels in certain tumor-derived cells it is produced by a wide variety of cell types. In addition to stimulating vascular growth and vascular permeability it may play a role in stimulating VASODILATION via NITRIC OXIDE-dependent pathways. Alternative splicing of the mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor A results in several isoforms of the protein being produced.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D043283

MS

Specific loci that show up during KARYOTYPING as a gap (an uncondensed stretch in closer views) on a CHROMATID arm after culturing cells under specific conditions. These sites are associated with an increase in CHROMOSOME FRAGILITY. They are classified as common or rare, and by the specific culture conditions under which they develop. Fragile site loci are named by the letters "FRA" followed by a designation for the specific chromosome, and a letter which refers to which fragile site of that chromosome (e.g. FRAXA refers to fragile site A on the X chromosome. It is a rare, folic acid-sensitive fragile site associated with FRAGILE X SYNDROME.)

Specific loci that show up during KARYOTYPING as a gap (an uncondensed stretch in closer views) on a CHROMATID arm after culturing cells under specific conditions. These sites are associated with an increase in CHROMOSOME FRAGILITY. They are classified as common or rare, and by the specific culture conditions under which they develop. Fragile site loci are named by the letters FRA followed by a designation for the specific chromosome, and a letter which refers to which fragile site of that chromosome (e.g. FRAXA refers to fragile site A on the X chromosome. It is a rare, folic acid-sensitive fragile site associated with FRAGILE X SYNDROME.)

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D044404

MS

Distinct units in some bacterial, bacteriophage or plasmid GENOMES that are types of MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS. Encoded in them are a variety of fitness conferring genes, such as VIRULENCE FACTORS (in "pathogenicity islands or islets"), ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE genes, or genes required for SYMBIOSIS (in "symbiosis islands or islets"). They range in size from 10 - 500 kilobases, and their GC CONTENT and CODON usage differ from the rest of the genome. They typically contain an INTEGRASE gene, although in some cases this gene has been deleted resulting in "anchored genomic islands".

Distinct units in some bacterial, bacteriophage or plasmid GENOMES that are types of MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS. Encoded in them are a variety of fitness conferring genes, such as VIRULENCE FACTORS (in pathogenicity islands or islets), ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE genes, or genes required for SYMBIOSIS (in symbiosis islands or islets). They range in size from 10 - 500 kilobases, and their GC CONTENT and CODON usage differ from the rest of the genome. They typically contain an INTEGRASE gene, although in some cases this gene has been deleted resulting in anchored genomic islands.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D044468

HN

2022

2025 (2022)

History note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D044468

NM

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander

Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

Preferred Term (MH) updated on a descriptor

2,025

D044468

PM

2022

2025; see NATIVE HAWAIIAN OR OTHER PACIFIC ISLANDER 2022-2024

Public MeSH note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D045384

MS

Large (>160 kDa) glycoproteins with electrophoretic mobility of ALPHA-GLOBULINS, found in high concentration in the plasma of pregnant women but also in a number of species including mouse, rat, and others (ALPHA-MACROGLOBULINS). In humans, they are always present in the circulation and are nonspecific inhibitors of PROTEINASES, similar to COMPLEMENT PROTEINS (C3; C4; C5).

Large (>160 kDa) glycoproteins with electrophoretic mobility of ALPHA-GLOBULINS, found in high concentration in the plasma of PREGNANT PEOPLE but also in a number of species including mouse, rat, and others (ALPHA-MACROGLOBULINS). In humans, they are always present in the circulation and are nonspecific inhibitors of PROTEINASES, similar to COMPLEMENT PROTEINS (C3; C4; C5).

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D045685

AN

infection: coordinate with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA /‌vet + CATTLE DISEASES or MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS /‌vet + CATTLE DISEASES + RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS /vet

infection: coordinate with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA /vet + CATTLE DISEASES or MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS /vet + CATTLE DISEASES + RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS /vet

Annotation updated on a descriptor

2,025

D045908

NM

Mpox (monkeypox)

Mpox, Monkeypox

Preferred Term (MH) updated on a descriptor

2,025

D045908

HN

2023 (2004)

2025 (2004)

History note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D045908

PM

2023; see MONKEYPOX 2004-2023

2025; see MONKEYPOX 2004-2023 and MPOX (MONKEYPOX) 2024

Public MeSH note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D046110

MS

A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (>140 mm Hg) and diastolic (>90 mm Hg) blood pressure on at least two occasions 6 h apart. HYPERTENSION complicates 8-10% of all pregnancies, generally after 20 weeks of gestation. Gestational hypertension can be divided into several broad categories according to the complexity and associated symptoms, such as EDEMA; PROTEINURIA; SEIZURES; abnormalities in BLOOD COAGULATION and liver functions.

A condition in PREGNANT PEOPLE with elevated systolic (>140 mm Hg) and diastolic (>90 mm Hg) blood pressure on at least two occasions 6 h apart. HYPERTENSION complicates 8-10% of all pregnancies, generally after 20 weeks of gestation. Gestational hypertension can be divided into several broad categories according to the complexity and associated symptoms, such as EDEMA; PROTEINURIA; SEIZURES; abnormalities in BLOOD COAGULATION and liver functions.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D047248

MS

Macrocyclic compounds analogous to CROWN ETHERS but which lack any OXYGEN atoms.

Macrocyclic organic ring compounds that include repeating non-carbon elements such as OXYGEN, NITROGEN, or SULFUR. The alternating crown structure conveys the ability of the compounds to act as CHELATING AGENTS.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D047508

MS

Extensive and rapid death of parenchymal cells in the LIVER, often due to exposure to toxic materials or drug-induced injury. It is characterized by a soft, flabby, yellow-brown wrinkled, and shrunken liver. It was called "acute yellow atrophy".

Extensive and rapid death of parenchymal cells in the LIVER, often due to exposure to toxic materials or drug-induced injury. It is characterized by a soft, flabby, yellow-brown wrinkled, and shrunken liver. It was called acute yellow atrophy.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D048508

MS

A species of tick (TICKS) in the family IXODIDAE, distributed throughout the world but abundant in southern Europe. It will feed on a wide variety of MAMMALS, but DOGS are its preferred host. It transmits a large number of diseases including BABESIOSIS; THEILERIASIS; EHRLICHIOSIS; and MEDITERRANEAN SPOTTED FEVER.

A species of tick (TICKS) in the family IXODIDAE, distributed throughout the world but abundant in southern Europe. It will feed on a wide variety of MAMMALS, but DOGS are its preferred host. It transmits a large number of diseases including BABESIOSIS; THEILERIASIS; EHRLICHIOSIS; ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER; and MEDITERRANEAN SPOTTED FEVER.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D048968

MS

Symptoms of NAUSEA and VOMITING in pregnant women that usually occur in the morning during the first 2 to 3 months of PREGNANCY. Severe persistent vomiting during pregnancy is called HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM.

Symptoms of NAUSEA and VOMITING in PREGNANT PEOPLE that usually occur in the morning during the first 2 to 3 months of PREGNANCY. Severe persistent vomiting during pregnancy is called HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D049148

MS

A reaction that produces an "activated" amino acid derivative, such as amino acyl adenylate, or amino acylphosphorylate and provides energy for the amino acid to be incorporated into a peptide, protein, or other macromolecule.

A reaction that produces an activated amino acid derivative, such as amino acyl adenylate, or amino acylphosphorylate and provides energy for the amino acid to be incorporated into a peptide, protein, or other macromolecule.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D049629

MS

The waist circumference measurement divided by the hip circumference measurement. For both men and women, a waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of 1.0 or higher is considered "at risk" for undesirable health consequences, such as heart disease and ailments associated with OVERWEIGHT. A healthy WHR is 0.90 or less for men, and 0.80 or less for women. (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2004)

The waist circumference measurement divided by the hip circumference measurement. For both men and women, a waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of 1.0 or higher is considered at risk for undesirable health consequences, such as heart disease and ailments associated with OVERWEIGHT. A healthy WHR is 0.90 or less for men, and 0.80 or less for women. (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2004)

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D050177

MS

A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal "over fat".

A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D053574

MS

An interleukin-1 receptor subtype that competes with the INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR TYPE I for binding to INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The interleukin-1 type II receptor appears to lack signal transduction capability. Therefore it may act as a "decoy" receptor that modulates the activity of its ligands. Both membrane-bound and soluble forms of the receptor have been identified.

An interleukin-1 receptor subtype that competes with the INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR TYPE I for binding to INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The interleukin-1 type II receptor appears to lack signal transduction capability. Therefore it may act as a decoy receptor that modulates the activity of its ligands. Both membrane-bound and soluble forms of the receptor have been identified.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D053706

MS

Necrotizing inflammation of the CECUM ("typhlon" in Greek), sometimes spreading to the APPENDIX and/or the ILEUM. Symptoms include ABDOMINAL PAIN and DIARRHEA. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial. Typhlitis is often associated with NEUTROPENIA and chemotherapy in immunocompromised individuals (IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST).

Necrotizing inflammation of the CECUM (typhlon in Greek), sometimes spreading to the APPENDIX and/or the ILEUM. Symptoms include ABDOMINAL PAIN and DIARRHEA. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial. Typhlitis is often associated with NEUTROPENIA and chemotherapy in immunocompromised individuals (IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST).

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D054541

HN

2008

2008; EVER MARRIED see MARITAL STATUS 2025-; CURRENTLY MARRIED see MARITAL STATUS 2025-

History note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D054877

MS

A syndrome caused by large deletions of the telomereic end of the short arm of CHROMOSOME 4 (4p) in Wolf-Hirchhorn syndrome critial regions (WHSCRs). Several candidate genes have been identified including WHSC1 and WHSCH2 which appear to be responsible for the core phenotype and in combination with other linked and unlinked genes determine the severity and inclusion of rarer phenotypes. Most cases have a characteristic cranio-facial defect often referred to as "Greek helmet face" - a combined result of MICROCEPHALY, broad forehead, prominent glabella, HYPERTELORISM, high arched eyebrows, short philtrum and micrognathia. In addition there is mental retardation, growth delays, EPILEPSY, and frequently a wide range of midline and skeletal defects, including HYPOSPADIAS; CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; CLEFT LIP; CLEFT PALATE; colobomata; CLUBFOOT; clinodactyly; SCOLIOSIS; and KYPHOSIS.

A syndrome caused by large deletions of the telomereic end of the short arm of CHROMOSOME 4 (4p) in Wolf-Hirchhorn syndrome critial regions (WHSCRs). Several candidate genes have been identified including WHSC1 and WHSCH2 which appear to be responsible for the core phenotype and in combination with other linked and unlinked genes determine the severity and inclusion of rarer phenotypes. Most cases have a characteristic cranio-facial defect often referred to as Greek helmet face - a combined result of MICROCEPHALY, broad forehead, prominent glabella, HYPERTELORISM, high arched eyebrows, short philtrum and micrognathia. In addition there is mental retardation, growth delays, EPILEPSY, and frequently a wide range of midline and skeletal defects, including HYPOSPADIAS; CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; CLEFT LIP; CLEFT PALATE; colobomata; CLUBFOOT; clinodactyly; SCOLIOSIS; and KYPHOSIS.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D057096

MS

A condition caused by ingestion of shellfish contaminated with brevetoxins primarily produced by the marine dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. This results from a HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM, especially the so-called "Florida red tide."

A condition caused by ingestion of shellfish contaminated with brevetoxins primarily produced by the marine dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. This results from a HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM, especially the so-called Florida red tide.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D057625

MS

A nonlinear electrophoretic technique used to separate a variety of ionic compounds, ranging from small metal ions to large molecules like proteins. Unlike "linear" zone electrophoresis in which separating solute bands continually spread by diffusion or dispersion, isotachophoresis forms self-sharpening, adjacent zones of substantially pure solute whose concentrations often exceed several mgs/ml. In isotachophoresis a multianalyte sample is introduced between the leading electrolyte and the terminating electrolyte where the sample ions have lower electrophoretic mobilities than the leading ion but larger than the terminating ion. (From "Isotachophoresis" on the AES Web Site [Internet]. Madison, WI: The American Electrophoresis Society; c2000-2008 [cited 2009 Aug 20]. Available from http://www.aesociety.org/areas/isotachophoresis.php)

A nonlinear electrophoretic technique used to separate a variety of ionic compounds, ranging from small metal ions to large molecules like proteins. Unlike linear zone electrophoresis in which separating solute bands continually spread by diffusion or dispersion, isotachophoresis forms self-sharpening, adjacent zones of substantially pure solute whose concentrations often exceed several mgs/ml. In isotachophoresis a multianalyte sample is introduced between the leading electrolyte and the terminating electrolyte where the sample ions have lower electrophoretic mobilities than the leading ion but larger than the terminating ion. (From Isotachophoresis on the AES Web Site [Internet]. Madison, WI: The American Electrophoresis Society; c2000-2008 [cited 2009 Aug 20]. Available from http://www.aesociety.org/areas/isotachophoresis.php)

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D057829

HN

2011

2025 (2011)

History note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D057829

NM

Sex Reassignment Procedures

Gender-Affirming Procedures

Preferred Term (MH) updated on a descriptor

2,025

D057829

PM

2011

2025; see Sex Reassignment Procedures (2011-2024)

Public MeSH note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D057830

NM

Sex Reassignment Surgery

Gender-Affirming Surgery

Preferred Term (MH) updated on a descriptor

2,025

D057830

HN

2011

2025 (2011)

History note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D057830

PM

2011

2025; see Sex Reassignment Surgery (2011-2024)

Public MeSH note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D057930

MS

Organic chemistry methodology that mimics the modular nature of various biosynthetic processes. It uses highly reliable and selective reactions designed to "click" i.e., rapidly join small modular units together in high yield, without offensive byproducts. In combination with COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES, it is used for the synthesis of new compounds and combinatorial libraries.

Organic chemistry methodology that mimics the modular nature of various biosynthetic processes. It uses highly reliable and selective reactions designed to click i.e., rapidly join small modular units together in high yield, without offensive byproducts. In combination with COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES, it is used for the synthesis of new compounds and combinatorial libraries.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D058893

MS

Techniques for standardizing and expediting taxonomic identification or classification of organisms that are based on deciphering the sequence of one or a few regions of DNA known as the "DNA barcode".

Techniques for standardizing and expediting taxonomic identification or classification of organisms that are based on deciphering the sequence of one or a few regions of DNA known as the DNA barcode.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D059270

HN

2012; for GRADENIGO'S SYNDROME see under OTITIS MEDIA 1963-81, use OTITIS MEDIA 1982-92

2012; for GRADENIGO'S SYNDROME see under OTITIS MEDIA 1963-1981, use OTITIS MEDIA 1982-1992

History note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D059270

PM

2012; for GRADENIGO'S SYNDROME see under OTITIS MEDIA 1963-81, see OTITIS MEDIA 1982-92

2012; for GRADENIGO'S SYNDROME see under OTITIS MEDIA 1963-1981, see OTITIS MEDIA 1982-1992

Public MeSH note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D059447

MS

Regulatory signaling systems that control the progression through the CELL CYCLE. They ensure that the cell has completed, in the correct order and without mistakes, all the processes required to replicate the GENOME and CYTOPLASM, and divide them equally between two daughter cells. If cells sense they have not completed these processes or that the environment does not have the nutrients and growth hormones in place to proceed, then the cells are restrained (or "arrested") until the processes are completed and growth conditions are suitable.

Regulatory signaling systems that control the progression through the CELL CYCLE. They ensure that the cell has completed, in the correct order and without mistakes, all the processes required to replicate the GENOME and CYTOPLASM, and divide them equally between two daughter cells. If cells sense they have not completed these processes or that the environment does not have the nutrients and growth hormones in place to proceed, then the cells are restrained (or arrested) until the processes are completed and growth conditions are suitable.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D060329

HN

2012

2024 (2012)

History note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D060329

PM

2012

2025; see EDUCATION OF VISUALLY DISABLED 2012-2024

Public MeSH note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D060329

NM

Education of Visually Disabled

Education of Persons with Visual Disabilities

Preferred Term (MH) updated on a descriptor

2,025

D060345

NM

Education of Hearing Disabled

Education of Persons with Hearing Disabilities

Preferred Term (MH) updated on a descriptor

2,025

D060345

PM

2012

2025; was EDUCATION OF HEARING DISABLED 2012-2024

Public MeSH note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D060345

HN

2012

2025 (2012)

History note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D062309

MS

Policies and programs which ensure that DISABLED PERSONS and those with CHRONIC ILLNESS receive the support and SOCIAL SERVICES needed to live in their communities.

Policies and programs which ensure that PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES and those with CHRONIC ILLNESS receive the support and SOCIAL SERVICES needed to live in their communities.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D063106

MS

Those individuals with gender dysphoria and with a persistent desire to undergo SEX REASSIGNMENT PROCEDURES.

Those individuals with gender dysphoria and with a persistent desire to undergo GENDER-AFFIRMING PROCEDURES.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D063106

MS

Persons having a sense of persistent identification with, and expression of, gender-coded behaviors not typically associated with one's anatomical sex at birth, with or without a desire to undergo SEX REASSIGNMENT PROCEDURES.

Persons having a sense of persistent identification with, and expression of, gender-coded behaviors not typically associated with one's anatomical sex at birth, with or without a desire to undergo GENDER-AFFIRMING PROCEDURES.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D063130

AN

do not confuse with MATERNAL MORTALITY, a statistical concept

use PREGNANCY-RELATED DEATH for maternal death during or related to pregnancy

Annotation updated on a descriptor

2,025

D064186

MS

Training for pregnant women and parents-to-be to prepare for CHILDBIRTH; CHILD CARE; and parenthood.

Training for PREGNANT PEOPLE and parents-to-be to prepare for CHILDBIRTH; CHILD CARE; and parenthood.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D064592

AN

use for the autograft itself; use AUTOGRAFTING see TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS for the surgical procedure

use for the autograft itself; use AUTOGRAFTING for the surgical procedure

Annotation updated on a descriptor

2,025

D065133

MS

An Order of aquatic INSECTS comprising about 2,500 species worldwide. It is the only insect group with two flying stages, each with relatively large forewings. The immature stage called "naiad" or "nymph" lasts one year in fresh water, and the adult stage is shortlived, lasting from a few minutes to a few days, depending on the species. The Ephemeroptera includes mayflies (also called shadflies)

An Order of aquatic INSECTS comprising about 2,500 species worldwide. It is the only insect group with two flying stages, each with relatively large forewings. The immature stage called naiad or nymph lasts one year in fresh water, and the adult stage is shortlived, lasting from a few minutes to a few days, depending on the species. The Ephemeroptera includes mayflies (also called shadflies)

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D065186

MS

A study that uses observations at multiple time points before and after an intervention (the "interruption"), in an attempt to detect whether the intervention has had an effect significantly greater than any underlying trend over time.

A study that uses observations at multiple time points before and after an intervention (the interruption), in an attempt to detect whether the intervention has had an effect significantly greater than any underlying trend over time.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,025

D066086

MS

Health services and access for DISABLED PERSONS. Disabilities include impairments, activity limitations, or participation restrictions, and reflect the interaction between the individual with the disability and personal and environmental factors.

Health services and access for PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES. Disabilities include impairments, activity limitations, or participation restrictions, and reflect the interaction between the individual with the disability and personal and environmental factors.

MeSH scope note updated on a descriptor

2,024

C000588608

NM

pescadillo protein, Arabidopsis

AT5G14520 protein, Arabidopsis

Preferred Term (NM) updated on an scr

2,024

C000589232

NM

arhgap42 protein, human

ARHGAP42 protein, human

Preferred Term (NM) updated on an scr

2,024

C000589295

NM

ApoO protein, human

APOO protein, human

Preferred Term (NM) updated on an scr

2,024

C000594657

NO

RefSeq NC_000005

RefSeq NM_130767

Note updated on a SCR

2,024

C000595993

NM

lysine (K)-specific demethylase 1B, human

KDM1B protein, human

Preferred Term (NM) updated on an scr

2,024

C000601750

RN

0

06DX01190R

Registry number updated on an SCR

2,024

C000605396

NM

MIRN-379 microRNA, mouse

MIRN379 microRNA, mouse

Preferred Term (NM) updated on an scr