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What causes Sexually transmitted disease?

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that you can get from having sex with someone who has the infection. The causes of STDs are bacteria, parasites and viruses. There are more than 20 types of STDs, including Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Herpes Simplex, HIV/AIDS, HPV, Syphilis, Trichomoniasis </s>

Who is at highest risk for Oral cancer ?

Smokers People infected with HPV People who practice poor dental and oral hygiene </s>

When to seek urgent medical care when I have HPV vaccine ?

You aren't sure whether you or your child should receive the HPV vaccine You or your child develops complications or severe symptoms after getting an HPV vaccine You have other questions or concerns about the HPV vaccine </s>

What to expect if I have Gangrene (Patient information) (Outlook/Prognosis)?

What to expect depends on where the gangrene is in the body, how much gangrene there is, and the person's overall condition. If treatment is delayed, the gangrene is extensive, or the person has other significant medical problems, they may die. </s>

What are the symptoms of Melasma?

Melasma doesn't cause any other symptoms besides skin discoloration but may be of great cosmetic concern. A uniform brown color is usually seen over the cheeks, forehead, nose, or upper lip. It is most often symmetrical (matching on both sides of the face). </s>

Who is at highest risk for Traveler%27s diarrhea ?

The most important determinant of risk is travel destination, and there are regional differences in both the risk for and etiology of diarrhea. The world is generally divided into 3 grades of risk: low, intermediate, and high. Low-risk countries include the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and countries in Northern and Western Europe. Intermediate-risk countries include those in Eastern Europe, South Africa, and some of the Caribbean islands. High-risk areas include most of Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Mexico, and Central and South America. </s>

What causes Ewing's sarcoma?

Ewing's sarcoma can occur any time during childhood and young adulthood, but usually develops during puberty, when bones are growing rapidly. It is 10 times as common in Caucasian children as in African-American, African, and Asian children. The tumor may arise anywhere in the body, usually in the long bones of the arms and legs, the pelvis, or the chest. It may also develop in the skull or the flat bones of the trunk. The tumor often spreads (metastasis) to the lungs and other bones. Metastasis at the time of diagnosis is present in approximately one-third of children with Ewing's sarcoma. Rarely, Ewing's sarcoma can occur in adults. </s>

What to expect if I have Neoplastic meningitis (Outlook/Prognosis)?

The rates of survival for neoplastic meningitis varies depending on the source of primary tumor, but generally median survival rate without treatment is limited to 1 to 2 months. With treatment, this could extend to 2 to 5 months for breast cancer, 3 to 6 months for non-small cell lung cancer and 2 to 4 months for melanoma. Factors affecting the prognosis of patients with neoplastic meningitis includes gene involvement and use of immunotherapy and other targeted therapies. For breast cancer, ER-positivity, lesser extend of initial disease and better performance status has been demonstrated to have better prognosis. For lung cancer, the use of epidermal growth factor (EGFR) inhibitors confers durable responses without the need for intra-CSF chemotherapy administration. Lastly, for melanoma, primary tumors located in the trunk has been documented to have a poor prognosis, but intra-CSF administration of chemotherapy significantly improves this prognosis. Not surprisingly, patients with poor performance status, multiple fixed neurological deficits, bulks CNS disease, co-existent carcinomatous encephalopathy and CSF flow abnormalities will do poorly with intensive treatment of disease. Death typically results from progression of neurological dysfunction. Some retrospective studies have demonstrated favorable outcomes in neoplastic meningitis: age less than 60, long duration of symptoms, controlled systemic disease, Karnofsky performance status >/= 70, absence of encephalopathy or cranial nerve deficit, initially low CSF protein level, absence of CSF compartamentalization or bulky CNS disease manifested by impedance of CSF flow and history of primary breast tumor. </s>

What causes AIDS dementia complex?

In the United States, neurological complications are seen in more than 50 percent of adults with AIDS. The virus does not appear to directly invade nerve cells but it jeopardizes their health and function. The resulting inflammation may damage the brain and spinal cord and cause symptoms. Research has shown that the HIV infection can significantly alter the size of certain brain structures involved in learning and information processing. Milder cognitive complaints are common and are termed HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). </s>

What are the symptoms of Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

Chest pain (occasionally) Cough (usually dry) Decreased tolerance for activity Shortness of breath during activity (this symptom lasts for months or years, and over time may also occur when at rest) </s>

What are the symptoms of Mediastinal tumor?

Almost half of mediastinal tumors cause no symptoms and are found on a chest x-ray performed for another reason. Symptoms that do occur are due to pressure on (compression of) local structures and may include: Chest pain Chills Cough Coughing up blood (hemoptysis) Fever Hoarseness Night sweats Shortness of breath </s>

What are the symptoms of Human respiratory syncytial virus?

Symptoms vary and differ with age. They usually appear 4 - 6 days after coming in contact with the virus. Older children usually have only mild, cold-like symptoms, such as cough, stuffy nose, or low-grade fever. Infants under age 1 may have more severe symptoms and often have the most trouble breathing. In general, RSV symptoms include: Bluish skin color due to a lack of oxygen (cyanosis) Breathing difficulty or labored breathing Cough Croupy cough (often described as a "seal bark" cough) Fever Nasal flaring Rapid breathing (tachypnea) Shortness of breath Stuffy nose Wheezing </s>

What is desmoid tumor?

Desmoid tumor s grow from the connective tissue in your body They grow from fibroblast cells, which make up connective tissue and are also important for wound healing Connective tissue supports and connects your bones, ligaments, and muscles, and helps hold your organs in place Desmoid tumor s are also known as aggressive fibromatosis or desmoid -type fibromatosis A desmoid tumor can occur anywhere in the body since connective tissue is found everywhere in your body Desmoid tumor s are often found in the abdomen They can also be found in the shoulders, upper arm s, and thighs Desmoid tumor s are benign, which means they are not cancer While the cells of the desmoid tumor do not travel to parts the body like cancer can, they can invade nearby tissue and are often very painful Desmoid tumor s can grow slowly or very quickly The quicker they grow the more serious they are Desmoid tumor s can be difficult to completely remove with surgery Desmoid tumor s are most common in people between the ages of 15 and 60 years They are more common in females than males </s>

What to expect if I have Carcinoma of the penis (Outlook/Prognosis)?

The outcome can be good with early diagnosis and treatment. The 5-year survival rate for penile cancers is 65%. Urination and sexual function can often be maintained even when a significant portion of the penis is removed. </s>

Who is at risk for a Direct inguinal hernia?

An inguinal hernia can occur any time from infancy to adulthood and is much more common in males than females. </s>

Where to find centers that perform ELISA?

Directions to Hospitals Performing ELISA </s>

What causes Nephrotic syndrome?

Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome can be primary (that is; from the kidney glomeruli) or secondary (from an external insult to the kidney). Primary cause of Nephrotic Syndrome is often referred to as Idiopathic i.e. there are no known causes for the kidney abnormality. Such is the case in Minimal change kidney disease seen in children. Primary causes of nephrotic syndrome are usually described by the histology, e.g. minimal change disease (MCD), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and membranous nephropathy (MN). These diseases are considered to be " diagnoses of exclusion," meaning they are diagnosed only after secondary causes have been excluded. Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome is nephrotic syndrome that is associated with well-known kidney diseases like autoimmune disease like Henoin Scholein purpura, IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis etc. Secondary Nephrotic syndrome is also associated with post streptococcal glomerulonephritis, Alport's syndrome. It has also been associated with allergic reactions, drugs like NSAIDs, vaccination like the influenza and pneumococcal vaccines, tumors and viral infections. A complete list of possible causes of nephrotic syndrome can be found here. </s>

Who is at highest risk for Aortic coarctation ?

Like many congenital heart disease, the cause of aortic coarctation is not clear. Clinical studies suggest that genetic and environmental factors both play an important role during pregnancy. These include: Genetic disorders such as Turner syndrome Viral infections during pregnancy </s>

Who is at highest risk for Ischemic colitis ?

Risk factors include: Atrial fibrillation Blockage of the large bowel Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Congestive heart failure Diabetes High blood pressure Irritable bowel syndrome Low blood pressure Past aortic surgery in which damage occurred to the artery that supplies the colon. Rheumatoid arthritis Use of medications that cause constipation </s>

What causes Hyperkalemia?

Potassium is involved in regulating muscle tissue, and is part of digestion, metabolism, and homeostasis (maintaining a balance between the many electrical and chemical processes of the body). Hyperkalemia occurs when the level of potassium in the bloodstream is higher than normal. This may be related to an increase in total body potassium or the excess release of potassium from the cells into the bloodstream. The kidneys normally remove excess potassium from the body. Most cases of hyperkalemia are caused by disorders that reduce the kidneys' ability to get rid of potassium.This may result from disorders such as: Acute kidney failure Chronic kidney failure Glomerulonephritis Obstructive uropathy Rejection of a kidney transplant The hormone aldosterone regulates kidney removal of sodium and potassium. Lack of aldosterone can result in hyperkalemia with an increase in total body potassium. Addison's disease is one disorder that causes reduced aldosterone production. Any time potassium is released from the cells, it may build up in the fluid outside the cells and in the bloodstream. Acidosis leads to the movement of potassium from inside the cells to the fluid outside the cells. Tissue injury can cause the cells to release potassium. Such injury includes: Burns Disorders that cause blood cells to burst (hemolytic conditions) Gastrointestinal bleeding Rhabdomyolysis from drugs, alcoholism, coma, or certain infections Surgery Traumatic injury Tumors If the kidney is working properly, and there is enough aldosterone, tissue trauma alone rarely leads to hyperkalemia. A normally functioning kidney will remove the excess potassium that has been released from the cells. Increased intake of potassium can cause hyperkalemia if kidney function is poor. Salt substitutes often contain potassium, as do many "low-salt" packaged foods. Hyperkalemia may be caused by medications, including medications that affect kidney function (potassium sparing diuretics, such as spironolactone, amiloride, or triamterene) and potassium supplements (especially intravenous potassium). </s>

Who is at highest risk for Erythema toxicum ?

Erythema toxicum may appear in 50 percent or more of all normal newborn infants. It usually appears in term infants between the ages of 3 days and 2 weeks. </s>

Who is at highest risk for Pernicious anemia ?

Risk factors include: Family history of the disease History of autoimmune endocrine disorders, including: Addison's disease Chronic thyroiditis Graves disease Hypoparathyroidism Hypopituitarism Myasthenia gravis Secondary amenorrhea Type 1 diabetes Testicular dysfunction Vitiligo Scandinavian or Northern European descent </s>

How Do I Create the Microchaptered Home Page?

Search in the Wikidoc search box for the disease name. It is a good idea to search for synonyms of the disease name, so that if someone has already created a similar page, you can add new content, or incorporate the old content into a new page. For example, for jaundice, search for "Jaundice", then click on where it says "Create the page Jaundice on this Wiki". You would then type in the edit box {{Jaundice}}. Click save at the bottom of the edit box, and the main page should show the microchapters listed on the right side of the main page. You will use the microchapter template in all of the subsequent microchapter pages you eventually make by typing into the edit box {{jaundice}}. This leads to ease of navigation, as regardless of which microchapter page you are viewing, you can easily click back to the home page or to other microchapter pages. The home page also contains links to the individual microchapter pages, in the appropriate order, as seen here. For this you would type into the edit box of the home page ==Jaundice historical perspective|Historical Perspective==. On the left side of the vertical line in the brackets is the link to the page, and on the right side is how we want the link to appear on the page. It would look like this on the main page Historical Perspective. You can use the template found here. Copy all the template information in the edit box. Paste it into the home page of the microchaptered you are creating. Use search and replace; so put "Type page name here" in the top window, and the name of the disease (ie; Jaundice) in the lower box. Click the red button on the right side of these boxes to replace the terms. Remove links that are not relevant to the disease that you are creating. The links on the home page should match, and be in the same order, as the cells in the microchapter navigation template. For more information on creating links, click here. As you can see, although the microchapter pages only have the first letter of the heading capitalized, the way that the links appear on the home page is different. It is important to maintain consistency, so as an example to reference capitalizations and correct nomenclature, click here. </s>

What causes Hair loss?

A sudden physical or emotional stress may cause one-half to three-quarters of the hair throughout your scalp to shed (called Telogen effluvium). You will notice hair coming out in handfuls while you shampoo, comb, or run your hands through your hair. You may not notice this for weeks to months after the episode of stress. The hair shedding will decrease over 6 - 8 months. Cause of this type of hair loss are: Childbirth Crash diets, especially those that do not contain enough protein High fever or severe infection Major surgery, major illness, sudden blood loss A number of medications, including retinoids, birth control pills, beta-blockers, certain antidepressants, NSAIDs (including iburpofen) and calcium channel blockers Severe emotional stress Other possible causes of hair loss, especially if it is in an unusual pattern, include: Alopecia areata -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well. Anemia Autoimmune conditions such as lupus Burns Certain infectious diseases such as syphilis Excessive shampooing and blow-drying Hormone changes Nervous habits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing Radiation therapy Thyroid diseases Tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp) Tumor of the ovary or adrenal glands </s>

Who is at highest risk for Hepatitis C ?

Early diagnosis can prevent health problems that may result from infection, and prevent transmission of the virus. Some countries recommend screening for people who may be at increased risk of infection. People in increased risk for hepatitis C infection, include: Current injection drug users (currently the most common way hepatitis C virus is spread in the United States) Past injection drug users, including those who injected only one time or many years ago Recipients of donated blood, blood products, and organs (once a common way of transmission but now rare in the United States since blood screening became available in 1992) People who received a blood product for clotting problems made before 1987 Hemodialysis patients or persons who spent many years on dialysis for kidney failure People who received body piercing or tattoos done with non-sterile instruments People with known exposures to the hepatitis C virus, such as healthcare workers HIV -infected persons Children born to mothers infected with the hepatitis C virus Having sexual contact with a person who is infected with the hepatitis C virus Sharing personal care items, such as razors or toothbrushes, that may have come in contact with the blood of an infected person </s>

What causes DeQuervain's tenosynovitis?

Chronic overuse of your wrist i.e. activities like wringing out a cloth. Direct injury to your wrist or tendon Inflammatory arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis It can be prevented by Avoid to overuse or eccentrical load on the wrist. Stretching may help you improve muscle flexibility. </s>

What causes Nocturnal enuresis?

Children develop complete control over their bladders at different ages. Nighttime dryness is usually the last stage of toilet learning. When children wet the bed more than twice per month after age 5 or 6, it is called bedwetting or nocturnal enuresis. Bedwetting is common. More than 5 million children in the U.S. wet the bed at night. Children who were dry for at least 6 months and then started wetting again have secondary enuresis. There are many reasons that children wet the bed after being fully toilet trained. It might be physical, emotional, or just a change in sleep. Children who have never been consistently dry at night have primary enuresis. This usually occurs when the body makes more urine overnight than the bladder can hold and the child does not wake up when the bladder is full. The child's brain has not learned to respond to the signal that the bladder is full. It is not the child's or the parent's fault. Physical causes are rare, but may include lower spinal cord lesions, congenital malformations of the genitourinary tract, infections of the urinary tract, or diabetes. Bedwetting runs strongly in families. About 9% of boys and 6% of girls still wet the bed at age 7. The numbers drop slightly by age 10. Although the problem goes away over time, many children and even a small number of adults continue to have bedwetting episodes. </s>

When to seek urgent medical care when I have Acute cholecystitis ?

Severe abdominal pain If symptoms of cholecystitis return after a previous episode </s>

What are the symptoms of Ankylosing spondylitis?

Early signs and symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis may limit in your back and hip. When the disease develops, other organs may be involved. Chronic pain in your lower back and hips, stiffness in your lower back or hip area, especially in the morning and after periods of inactivity. As disease progresses, your symptoms get worse and you may feel pain and stiffness over time. Joint pain Joint swelling Stiff, inflexible spine Eye inflammation or uveitis Restricted expansion of your chest Low fever Fatigue Loss of appetite Weight loss </s>

When to seek urgent medical care when I have Upper respiratory tract infection ?

If you have the above symptoms contact a doctor. </s>

What to expect if I have Persistent left superior vena cava (Outlook/Prognosis)?

The prognosis of persistent left superior vena cava depends upon where the left superior vena cava flows to. The prognosis of a persistent left superior vena cava that flows to left atria is worse than that if it flows to the right atria. </s>

Who is at highest risk for Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ?

People who are over weight(Obese) Patients with insulin resistance Patients with metabolic syndrome </s>

When to seek urgent medical care when I have Alcohol withdrawal ?

Alcohol withdrawal is a serious condition that may rapidly become life threatening. Call your health care provider or go the emergency room if you think you might be in alcohol withdrawal, especially if you were using alcohol often and recently stopped. Call for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms persist after treatment. Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if seizures, fever, severe confusion, hallucinations, or irregular heartbeats occur. </s>

Who is at highest risk for Oliguria ?

Patient having any of the conditions mentioned in the causes are at risk of oliguria. </s>

What causes Adenoma?

The causes of adenoma are not clear. But heredity and environment may be related to the development of adenoma. For example, studies suggest that person with the family history of colon adenomas has more chance to get the disease than others without famliy history. </s>

What to expect if I have Duodenitis (Outlook/Prognosis)?

General speaking, the prognosis of duodenitis is good. The rehabilitation time of the lining of the duodenum depends on the treatment effectiveness for the underlying cause of the duodenitis. </s>

What to expect if I have Lipoid pneumonia (Outlook/Prognosis)?

With treatment, most patients will improve within 2 weeks. Elderly or debilitated patients may need longer treatment. Those who may be more likely to have complicated pneumonia include: Older adults or very young children People whose immune system does not work well People with other, serious medical problems such as diabetes or cirrhosis of the liver Your doctor may want to make sure your chest x-ray becomes normal again after you take a course of antibiotics. However, it may take many weeks for your x-ray to clear up. </s>

What causes Hypospadias?

Some cases are passed down through families. In other cases the cause is unknown. </s>

What to expect if I have Perforated eardrum (Outlook/Prognosis)?

The opening in the eardrum usually heals by itself within 2 months. Any hearing loss is most often short-term. Rarely, other problems may occur, such as: Long-term hearing loss Spread of infection to the bone behind the ear mastoiditis Long-term vertigo and dizziness </s>

What to expect if I have Leukoplakia (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Leukoplakia is usually harmless. Lesions often clear up in a few weeks or months after the source of irritation is removed. Rarely, it may become cancer. </s>

What to expect if I have Primary central nervous system lymphoma (Outlook/Prognosis)?

The prognosis of brain tumor depends on the following: Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery The location of the tumor The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the brain Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred The patient’s general health </s>

What are the symptoms of Rheumatic fever?

Fever Joint problems, which mainly affect in the knees, elbows, ankles, and wrists, appear joint swelling, joint pain. Pain in one joint that migrates to another joint. Skin nodules, skin rash (erythema marginatum) on the trunk and upper part of the arms or legs Epistaxis Cardiac problems, which may not have symptoms, or may result in shortness of breath, chest pain, palpitations and fatigue. Sydenham chorea: It is uncontrollable body movements, most often in the hands, feet and face; less often in the arms and legs. Emotion changes, such as crying or inappropriate laughing. Diseases with similar symptoms: Reactive arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Myocarditis Scarlet fever Congenital heart disease </s>

What are the symptoms of McCune-Albright syndrome?

The hallmark symptom of McCune-Albright syndrome is premature puberty in girls. Menstrual periods may begin in early childhood, long before the breasts or pubic hair develop (which normally occur first). Puberty and menstrual bleeding may begin as early as 4 - 6 months in girls. Early sexual development may also occur in boys, but it is not as common as it is in girls. Other symptoms include: Bone fractures Deformities of the bones in the face Gigantism Irregular, large patchy café-au-lait spots, especially on the back </s>

What to expect if I have Hypoaldosteronism (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Depending on the extent of the blood potassium level and underlying kidney or adrenal gland condition at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis of hypoaldosteronism may vary. Prognosis is generally good for patients of hypoaldosteronism who receive treatment. Untreated patients risk having increased blood potassium level which leads to abnormal electrical conduction in heart that can be fatal. Patient having underlying renal disease or diabetic nephropathy may progresses to end stage stage renal disease. </s>

When to seek urgent medical care when I have Poison ivy ?

Call 911 or go to an emergency room if: Someone is suffering a severe allergic reaction, such as swelling or difficulty breathing, or has had a severe reaction in the past. Someone has been exposed to the smoke of a burning plant. Call your provider if: Itching is severe and cannot be controlled. The rash affects your face, lips, eyes, or genitals. The rash shows signs of infection, such as pus, yellow fluid leaking from blisters, odor, or increased tenderness. </s>

What causes Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency?

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a type of protein called a "protease inhibitor." It is made in the liver and it works to protect the lungs and liver. AAT deficiency means there is not enough of this protein in the body. It is caused by a genetic defect. The condition is most common among Europeans and North Americans of European descent. Studies show that AAT deficiency may be more common than was once thought. Adults with severe deficiency will develop emphysema, often before age 40. Smoking can increase the risk of emphysema. Other patients can have higher levels of AAT in their blood, and therefore have a less severe condition. Persons with this deficiency may also develop liver disease. </s>

What to expect if I have Retropharyngeal abscess (Outlook/Prognosis)?

It is important to get immediate medical help. This condition can lead to blockage of the airway, which can be life-threatening. With prompt treatment, you can make a full recovery. </s>

Who is at highest risk for Ewing%27s sarcoma ?

It is not clear for the cause of Ewing's sarcoma. </s>

When to seek urgent medical care when I have Tetralogy of fallot ?

Call your health care provider if new unexplained symptoms develop or the patient is having an episode of cyanosis (blue skin). If a child with tetralogy of Fallot becomes blue, immediately place the child on his or her side or back and put the knees up to the chest. Calm the baby and seek medical attention immediately. </s>

What to expect if I have Tabes dorsalis (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Progressive disability is possible if the disorder is left untreated. </s>

Who is at highest risk for Atrial septal defect ?

Worldwide, atrial septal defects occur in 1 in 1500 live births. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimated that, every year, 1,966 babies in the United States are born with an atrial septal defect. As with most congenital heart diseases, it is unclear exactly why certain babies are born with atrial septal defects. More commonly found in women than men, the female-to-male ratio of 2:1. More common in families with a history of genetic problems and other congenital heart diseases. Certain types of atrial septal defects are associated to down syndrome. Genetic counseling may be performed to estimate the likelihood that any future children may be born with an atrial septal defect. Expectant mothers exposed to rubella may have an increased risk in having a baby with a heart defect. Drug and alcohol use during pregnancy can harm fetal development. Alcohol use during pregnancy nearly doubles the likelihood of an atrial septal defect. </s>

What causes Nephritic syndrome?

Acute nephritic syndrome is often caused by an immune response that is triggered by an infection or other disease. Frequent causes in children and adolescents include the following: IgA nephropathy Henoch-Schonlein purpura Hemolytic uremic syndrome Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis Frequent causes in adults include: Abdominal abscesses Infective endocarditis Klebsiella pneumonia Goodpasture syndrome Hepatitis Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis I & II. Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis (RPGN) SLE or lupus nephritis Syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases Typhoid fever Vasculitis Viral diseases such as mononucleosis, measles, mumps The inflammation disrupts the functioning of the glomerulus, which is the part of the kidney that controls filtering and getting rid of wastes. This disruption results in blood and protein appearing in the urine, and the buildup of excess fluid in the body. Swelling occurs when protein is lost from the bloodstream. (Protein maintains fluid within the blood vessels, and when it is lost the fluid collects in the tissues of the body). Blood loss from the damaged kidney structures leads to blood in the urine. Acute nephritic syndrome may be associated with the development of: High blood pressure Swelling of the spaces between the cells of the kidney tissue Acute kidney failure </s>

Where to find Medical Care for Gonadoblastoma?

Medical care for gonadoblastoma can be found here. </s>

What causes Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia?

It is a clinical manifestation of a large number of underlying diseases including: Aortic stenosis Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura Hemolytic uremic syndrome Disseminated intravascular coagulation Cancer Mechanical heart valve </s>

What are the symptoms of Severe acute respiratory syndrome?

The hallmark symptoms are fever greater than 100.4 degrees F (38.0 degrees C) and cough, difficulty breathing, or other respiratory symptoms. Symptoms in the order of how commonly they appeared have included: Fever Chills and shaking Muscle aches Cough Headache Less common symptoms include (also in order): Dizziness Productive cough (sputum) Sore throat Runny nose Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea </s>

When to seek urgent medical care when I have Mumps ?

Call your health care provider if you or your child has mumps and: Eye redness Persistent drowsiness Persistent vomiting or abdominal pain Severe headache Testicle pain or a testicle lump Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if convulsions occur. </s>

Who is at highest risk for Chronic cold urticaria ?

Cold urticaria does not discriminate against who experiences it, regardless of age or gender. However, some people are more likely to have cold urticaria: Children and young adults. This population experiences a particular type of urticaria called primary acquired urticaria. It usually improves without treatment within two to three years, and is the most common type of urticaria. Recent viral infection. Individuals who have had recent viral infections, such as mycoplasma pneumonia and mononucleosis, oftentimes experience cold urticaria following their infection. Underlying health conditions. Some individuals who experience cold urticaria may have an underlying health problem, like rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis or cancer. This type of cold urticaria is known as secondary acquired urticaria, which is less common. Inherited traits. In rare cases, individuals can inherit a condition called familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome. After exposure to cold, people who inherit this condition experience painful, itchy hives and flu-like symptoms. </s>

What causes Stress in childhood?

Stress is a response to any situation or factor that creates a negative emotional or physical change or both. People of all ages can experience stress. In small quantities, stress is good, it can motivate you and help you be more productive. However, excessive stress can interfere with life, activities, and health. Stress can affect the way people think, act, and feel. Children learn how to respond to stress by what they have seen and experienced in the past. Most stresses experienced by children may seem insignificant to adults, but because children have few previous experiences from which to learn, even situations that require small changes can have enormous impacts on a child's feelings of safety and security. Pain, injury, and illness are major stressors for children. Medical treatments produce even greater stress. Recognition of parental stress (such as that seen in divorce or financial crisis) is a severe stressor for children, as is death or loss of a loved one. </s>

What is the Outlook/Prognosis?

You should expect to stay in the hospital for 7 to 21 days after a heart transplant. The first 24 to 48 hours will likely be in the intensive care unit (ICU). During the first few days after a transplant, you will need close follow-up to make sure that you do not get an infection and your heart is working well. The recovery period is about 6 months. Often, your transplant team will ask you to stay fairly close to the hospital for the first 3 months. You will need to have regular check-ups with blood tests, x-rays, and echocardiograms for many years. Fighting rejection is an ongoing process. The body's immune system considers the transplanted organ an infection and fights it. For this reason, organ transplant patients must take drugs that suppress the body's immune response. Taking medicines and following your doctor's instructions carefully is very important to preventing rejection. Biopsies of the heart muscle are often done every month during the first 6 to 12 months after transplant, and then less often after that. This helps the doctor determine if your body is rejecting the new heart, even before you have symptoms. You must take drugs that prevent transplant rejection for the rest of your life. You will need to understand how to take these medications, and know their side effects. You can go back to your normal activities as soon as you feel well enough, and after talking with your doctor. However, avoid vigorous physical activity. To make sure that you do not develop coronary disease after a transplant, you will have cardiac catheterization every year. Heart transplant prolongs the life of patients who would otherwise die. About 80% of heart transplant patients are alive 2 years after the operation. At 5 years, 70% of people will still be alive after a heart transplant. The main problem, as with other transplants, is rejection. If rejection can be controlled, survival increases to over 10 years. </s>

When to seek urgent medical care when I have Ondine%27s curse ?

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms of this disorder develop. Seek urgent medical care if bluish skin (cyanosis) occurs. </s>

What causes Malaise?

The following lists give examples of the diseases, conditions, and medications that can cause malaise: SHORT-TERM (ACUTE) INFECTIOUS DISEASE Acute bronchitis or pneumonia Acute viral syndrome Infectious mononucleosis (EBV) Influenza Lyme disease LONG-TERM (CHRONIC) INFECTIOUS DISEASE AIDS Chronic active hepatitis Disease caused by parasites Tuberculosis HEART AND LUNG (CARDIOPULMONARY) DISEASE Congestive heart failure COPD ORGAN FAILURE Acute or chronic kidney disease Acute or chronic liver disease CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE Rheumatoid arthritis Sarcoidosis Systemic lupus erythematosus ENDOCRINE or METABOLIC DISEASE Adrenal gland dysfunction Diabetes Pituitary gland dysfunction (rare) Thyroid disease CANCER Leukemia Lymphoma (cancer that starts in the lymph system) Solid tumor cancers, such as colon cancer BLOOD DISORDERS Severe anemia PSYCHIATRIC Depression Dysthymia MEDICATIONS Anticonvulsant (antiseizure) medications Antihistamines Beta blockers (medications used to treat heart disease or high blood pressure) Psychiatric medications Treatments involving several medications </s>

What are the symptoms of Dysphagia ?

Chest pain, the feeling of food stuck in the throat, or heaviness or pressure in the neck or upper or lower chest may be present, as well as: Cough or wheezing that becomes worse Coughing up food that has not been digested Heartburn Nausea Sour taste in the mouth You may have problems swallowing with any eating or drinking, or only with certain types of foods or liquids. Difficulty eating very hot or cold foods, dry crackers or bread, meat, or chicken may be an early sign of swallowing problems. </s>

How to know you have soft tissue sarcoma?

Biopsy: A biopsy is the most important test for the diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma. In this procedure, the doctor usually performs a punch biopsy and removes a tiny round piece of tissue. Then, the pathologists can detect the tissues under the microcope. Computed tomography (CT) scan and biopsy: Local CT scans are often used to diagnose soft tissue sarcoma. It can confirm the location of the cancer and show the organs nearby. These are helpful for determining the stage of the cancer and in determining whether surgery is a good treatment option. CT scans can also be used to guide biopsy and a biopsy sample is usually removed and looked at under a microscope. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): An MRI uses magnetic fields but it is a different type of image than what is produced by computed tomography (CT) and produces detailed images of the body. Like computed tomography (CT), a contrast agent may be injected into a patient’s vein to create a better picture. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan: When doing this test, a small amount of a radioactive medium is injected into your body and absorbed by the organs or tissues. This radioactive substance gives off energy which in turn is used to produce the images. PET can provide more helpful information than either CT or MRI scans. It is useful to see if the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes and it is also useful for your doctor to locate where the cancer has spread. Chest X-ray: This plain x-ray of your chest may be done to see if the cancer has spread to your lungs. Whole Bone Scan: The goal of a whole body bone scan is to show if a cancer has metastasized to your bones. </s>

What to expect if I have Uterine fibroids (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Some women with fibroids have no symptoms and may not need treatment. During a pregnancy, existing fibroids may grow due to the increased blood flow and estrogen levels. The fibroids usually return to their original size after the baby is delivered. </s>

Who is at highest risk for Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis ?

SSPE tends to occur several years after an individual has measles, even though the person seems to have fully recovered from the illness. Males are more often affected than females, and the disease generally occurs in children and adolescents </s>

What to expect if I have Typhus (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Without treatment, death may occur in 10 - 60% of patients with epidemic typhus. Patients over age 60 have the highest risk of death. Patients who receive treatment quickly should completely recover. Less than 2% of untreated patients with murine typhus may die. Prompt antibiotic treatment will cure nearly all patients. Possible Complications Renal insufficiency Pneumonia Central nervous system damage </s>

When to seek urgent medical care when I have Antithrombin III deficiency ?

See your health care provider if you have symptoms of this condition. </s>

What causes Chondrosarcoma?

Although the actual exact cause of chondrosarcoma is not known, there is thought to be certain genetic components that make chondrosarcoma more likely in certain individuals. Chondrosarcoma has also been seen to occur more frequently in persons who have had radiation therapy for other cancers. </s>

What to expect if I have Metabolic syndrome (Outlook/Prognosis)?

People with metabolic syndrome have an increased long-term risk for developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. </s>

What causes Failure to thrive?

Infants or children that fail to thrive seem to be dramatically smaller or shorter than other children the same age. Teenagers may have short stature or appear to lack the usual changes that occur at puberty. However, there is a wide variation in normal growth and development. In general, the rate of change in weight and height may be more important than the actual measurements. It is important to determine whether failure to thrive results from medical problems or factors in the environment, such as abuse or neglect. There are multiple medical causes of failure to thrive. These include: Chromosome abnormalities such as Down syndrome and Turner syndrome Defects in major organ systems Problems with the endocrine system, such as thyroid hormone deficiency, growth hormone deficiency, or other hormone deficiencies Damage to the brain or central nervous system, which may cause feeding difficulties in an infant Heart or lung problems, which can affect how oxygen and nutrients move through the body Anemia or other blood disorders Gastrointestinal problems that result in malabsorption or a lack of digestive enzymes Long-term gastroenteritis and gastroesophageal reflux (usually temporary) Cerebral palsy Long-term (chronic) infections Metabolic disorders Complications of pregnancy and low birth weight Other factors that may lead to failure to thrive: Emotional deprivation as a result of parental withdrawal, rejection, or hostility Economic problems that affect nutrition, living conditions, and parental attitudes Exposure to infections, parasites, or toxins Poor eating habits, such as eating in front of the television and not having formal meal times Many times the cause cannot be determined. </s>

When to seek urgent medical care when I have Retroperitoneal fibrosis ?

Call your health care provider if you experience lower abdomen or flank pain, particularly with decreased urine volume. </s>

What are the symptoms of Avian influenza?

Symptoms of avian influenza in humans have ranged from typical human influenza - like symptoms (e.g., fever, cough, sore throat, and muscle aches) to eye infections, pneumonia, severe respiratory diseases (such as acute respiratory distress), and other severe and life-threatening complications. The symptoms of avian influenza may depend on which virus caused the infection. </s>

What are the symptoms of Binge eating disorder?

A binge eater often: Eats 5,000 - 15,000 calories in one sitting Frequently snacks, in addition to eating three meals a day Overeats throughout the day, rather than simply consuming large amounts of food during binges Binge eating by itself usually leads to becoming overweight. Binge eating may occur on its own or in the context of an eating disorder, such as bulimia. People with bulimia typically eat large amounts of high-calorie foods, usually in secret. After this binge eating they often force themselves to vomit or take laxatives. </s>

What causes Strongyloidiasis?

S. stercoralis is a roundworm that is fairly common in warm, moist areas. Rarely, it can be found as far north as Canada. People catch the infection when their skin comes in contact with soil contaminated with the worms. The tiny worm is barely visible to the naked eye. Young roundworms can move through a person's skin and into the bloodstream to the lungs and airways. They then move up to the throat, where they are swallowed into the stomach. The worms then move to the small intestine, where they attach to the wall. Later, they produce eggs, which hatch into tiny larvae and pass out of the body. Unlike other worms, these larvae can reenter the body through the skin around the anus, which allows an infection to grow. Areas where the worms go through the skin may become red and painful. This infection is uncommon in the United States. Most cases seen in North America are brought by travelers who have visited or lived in South America or Africa. </s>

What to expect if I have Conversion disorder (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Symptoms usually last for days to weeks and may suddenly go away. Usually the symptom itself is not life threatening, but complications can be debilitating. </s>

What causes Bullous pemphigoid?

The cause is not known, but may be related to immune system disorders, certain other diseases, or use of some medications. </s>

How common are head and neck cancers?

Head and neck cancers account for approximately 4% of all cancers in the United States. These cancers are more than twice as common among men as they are among women. Head and neck cancers are also diagnosed more often among people over age 50 than they are among younger people. Researchers estimated that more than 65,000 men and women in this country would be diagnosed with head and neck cancers in 2017. </s>

What are some types of balance disorders?

Some of the more common balance disorders are: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV): a brief, intense sensation of vertigo that occurs because of a specific positional change of the head. An individual may experience BPPV when rolling over to the left or right upon getting out of bed in the morning, or when looking up for an object on a high shelf. The cause of BPPV is not known, although it may be caused by an inner ear infection, head injury, or aging. Labyrinthitis: an infection or inflammation of the inner ear causing dizziness and loss of balance. Ménière's disease: an inner ear fluid balance disorder that causes episodes of vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus (a ringing or roaring in the ears), and the sensation of fullness in the ear. The cause of Ménière's disease is unknown. Vestibular neuronitis: an infection of the vestibular nerve, generally viral. Perilymph fistula: a leakage of inner ear fluid to the middle ear. It can occur after head injury, physical exertion or, rarely, without a known cause. </s>

What are the symptoms of Meningococcemia?

There may be few symptoms at first. Some may include: Anxiety Fever Headache Irritability Muscle pain Nausea Rash with red or purple spots (petechiae) Later symptoms may include: Changing level of consciousness Large areas of bleeding under the skin (purpura) Shock </s>

What causes Deep vein thrombosis?

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) mainly affects the large veins in the lower leg and thigh. The clot can block blood flow and cause swelling and pain. When a clot breaks off and moves through the bloodstream, this is called an embolism. An embolism can get stuck in the brain, lungs, heart or another other area that can lead to severe damage. Blood clots may form when something causes the flow of blood in the veins to slow or change. {{#ev:youtube|CETfozL0cQg}} </s>

What causes an Eyelid twitch?

The most common things that make the muscle in your eyelid twitch are fatigue, stress, and caffeine. Once spasms begin, they may continue off and on for a few days. Then, they disappear. Most people experience this type of eyelid twitch on occasion and find it very annoying. In most cases, you won't even notice when the twitch has stopped. More severe contractions, where the eyelid completely closes, are possible. These can be caused by irritation of the surface of the eye (cornea) or the membranes lining the eyelids (conjunctiva). Sometimes, the reason your eyelid is twitching cannot be identified. This form of eyelid twitching lasts much longer, is often very uncomfortable, and can also cause your eyelids to close completely. </s>

What are the symptoms of Hemolytic-uremic syndrome?

HUS often begins with vomiting and diarrhea, which may be bloody. Within a week, the person may become weak and irritable. Persons with this condition may urinate less than normal. Urine output may almost stop. Red blood cell destruction leads to symptoms of anemia. Early symptoms: Blood in the stools Irritability Fever Lethargy Vomiting and diarrhea Weakness Later symptoms: Bruising Decreased consciousness Low urine output No urine output Pallor Seizures -- rare Skin rash that looks like fine red spots (petechiae) Yellow skin (jaundice) </s>

What causes Breast lumps?

Lumps in a woman are often caused by fibrocystic changes, fibroadenomas, and cysts. Fibrocystic changes are painful, lumpy breasts. Fibrocystic breast changes do not increase your risk of breast cancer. Symptoms are usually worse right before your menstrual period, and then improve after your period starts. Fibroadenomas are noncancerous lumps that feel rubbery. They move easily inside the breast tissue. Like fibrocystic changes, they occur most often during the reproductive years. Usually, they are not tender. Except in rare cases, they do not become cancerous later. A doctor can feel during an exam whether a lump is a fibroadenoma. The only way to be sure, however, is to remove or biopsy the lump. Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that often feel like soft grapes. These can sometimes be tender, especially just before your menstrual period. Other causes of breast lumps include: Breast cancer Injury -- sometimes if your breast is badly bruised, there will be a collection of blood that feels like a lump. These lumps tend to get better on their own in a few days or weeks. If they do not improve, your doctor may have to drain the blood. Lipoma -- a collection of fatty tissue Milk cysts (sacs filled with milk) and infections (mastitis), which may turn into an abscess. These typically occur if you are breastfeeding or have recently given birth. </s>

What to expect if I have Infant of diabetic mother (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Better control of diabetes and early recognition of gestational diabetes has decreased the number and severity of problems in infants born to mothers with diabetes. Usually, an infant's symptoms go away within a few weeks. However, an enlarged heart may take several months to get better. </s>

What to expect if I have Amblyopia (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Vision screening by age 4 can successfully detect reduced vision in one or both eyes resulting from amblyopia. Children who receive treatment before age 5 usually have a near complete recovery of normal vision. Children will not outgrow either amblyopia or strabismus, so early examinations are essential. Delaying treatment can result in permanent vision problems. After age 10, only a partial recovery of vision can be expected. A child whose amblyopia or strabismus is left untreated will grow into an adult who has poor or little vision. </s>

When could I drive after i underwent Atrial fibrillation ablation discharge instructions ?

You should not drive for 48 hours after the procedure. </s>

When could I bathe or swim?

Usually after one week, when the puncture site is healed. This usually takes about a week. You may shower on the day after the procedure after removing the Band-Aid over your puncture site. </s>

What causes Developmental dyspraxia?

About 6% of school-age children have some kind of developmental coordination disorder. Children with this disorder may: Have trouble holding objects Have an unsteady walk Run into other children Trip over their own feet Developmental coordination disorder may occur alone or with other learning disorders, such as communication disorders or disorder of written expression. </s>

Why log in?

You don't have to log in to read any MediaWiki wiki. You don't even have to log in to edit a MediaWiki wiki - anyone can edit almost anypage, even without logging in. However, it's still a good idea to log in, for these reasons: Other users will be able to recognise you by your username when you make changes to pages. As a "name" an IP address is somewhat clumsy. Also, if you use computers at different locations (home, office, internet cafe, etc.) you have a different IP-address in each case; even in the same location, depending on the Internet connection, the IP-address may be different each time. Therefore a username is better to maintain an identity. You will have your own user page where you can write a bit about yourself, and a user talk page which you can use to communicate with other users. You will be able to mark an edit as minor, which avoids inconvenience for other users. You will be able to keep track of changes to pages you are interested in using a watch list. If you choose to give an email address, other users will be able to contact you by email. This feature is anonymous - the user who emails you will not know your email address. You don't have to give your email address if you don't want to. Check the privacy policy of the individual site you're visiting, if any (for example, Wikipedia's draft privacy policy) You will be able to rename pages. You will be able to set your own preferences, to change things such as: The number of pages displayed in Recent changes The fonts, colours and layout of the site, by using different skins. </s>

Who is at highest risk for Laryngopharyngeal cancer ?

Most cancers of the throat develop in adults older than 50. Men are 10 times more likely than women to develop throat cancers. </s>

When to seek urgent medical care when I have Progeria ?

Some children with progeria suffer from symptoms of coronary artery disease and stroke, which often appear in old people. These diseases may be severe and fatal. If your child experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible: Chest pain Shortness of breath Palpitation Diaphoresis Headache Hemiplegia and muscle weakness of the face Numbness Reduction in sensory or vibratory sensation Loss of consciousness </s>

What causes Necrotizing enterocolitis?

Necrotizing enterocolitis occurs when the lining of the intestinal wall dies and the tissue falls off. The cause for this disorder is unknown. However, it is thought that a decrease in blood flow to the bowel keeps the bowel from producing mucus that protects the gastrointestinal tract. Bacteria in the intestine may also be a cause. This disorder usually develops in an infant that is already ill or premature, and most often develops while the infant is still in the hospital. Those with a higher risk for this condition include: Premature infants Infants who are fed concentrated formulas Infants in a nursery where an outbreak has occurred Infants who have received blood exchange transfusions </s>

Who is at highest risk for Folliculitis ?

Pseudofolliculitis barbae is a disorder that occurs mainly in black men. If curly beard hairs are cut too short, they may curve back into the skin and cause inflammation. </s>

What to expect if I have Atrophic vaginitis (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Proper treatment will usually relieve the symptoms. </s>

Who needs dialysis?

The kidneys function as filters for the blood, removing waste products. They also help: Manage how much water is in the body Maintain the balance of sodium, potassium, phosphorous, and other minerals and vitamins in the body Ensure that the blood pH remains between 7.35 and 7.45 Dialysis replaces some of the functions when the kidneys are no longer working. A buildup of waste products and other imbalances would lead to death if dialysis did not perform these functions. </s>

What are the causes of Papilloma?

The causes of papilloma are unknown. </s>

What are the symptoms of Airway obstruction?

Symptoms vary depending on the cause, but some symptoms are common to all types of airway blockage. They include: Agitation or fidgeting. Bluish color to the skin (cyanosis) Changes in consciousness. Choking. Confusion. Difficulty breathing. Gasping for air. Panic. Unconsciousness. Wheezing, crowing, whistling, or other unusual breathing noises indicating breathing difficulty. </s>

Where to find Medical Care for fibromas?

Directions to Hospitals Treating Ovarian cancer </s>

What to expect if I have Chemical pneumonitis (Outlook/Prognosis)?

The outcome depends on the chemical agent involved, the severity of exposure, and whether the problem is acute or chronic. </s>

What to expect if I have Dermatophytosis (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Skin medicine usually treats ringworm within 4 weeks. If your ringworm infection is severe or it does not respond well to self-care, it will usually respond quickly to antifungal pills. </s>