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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Saint Peter is a saint.
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Saint Peter -LRB- Syriac/Aramaic : ܫܸܡܥܘܿܢ ܟܹ݁ܐܦ݂ܵܐ , Shemayon Keppa , שמעון בר יונה , Πέτρος , according to the New Testament , was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ , leaders of the early Christian Great Church . Hippolytus of Rome , a 3rd-century theologian , gave him the title of `` Apostle of the Apostles '' . According to Catholic teaching , Peter was ordained by Jesus in the `` Rock of My Church '' dialogue in Matthew . He is traditionally counted as the first Bishop of Romeor popeand also by Eastern Christian tradition as the first Patriarch of Antioch . The ancient Christian churches all venerate Peter as a major saint and as the founder of the Church of Antioch and the Roman Church , but differ in their attitudes regarding the authority of his present-day successors . The New Testament indicates that Peter was the son of John -LRB- or Jonah or Jona -RRB- and was from the village of Bethsaida in the province of Galilee or Gaulanitis . His brother Andrew was also an apostle . According to New Testament accounts , Peter was one of twelve apostles chosen by Jesus from his first disciples . Originally a fisherman , he played a leadership role and was with Jesus during events witnessed by only a few apostles , such as the Transfiguration . According to the gospels , Peter confessed Jesus as the Messiah , was part of Jesus 's inner circle , thrice denied Jesus and wept bitterly once he realised his deed , and preached on the day of Pentecost . According to Christian tradition , Peter was crucified in Rome under Emperor Nero Augustus Caesar . It is traditionally held that he was crucified upside down at his own request , since he saw himself unworthy to be crucified in the same way as Jesus . Tradition holds that he was crucified at the site of the Clementine Chapel . His remains are said to be those contained in the underground Confessio of St. Peter 's Basilica , where Pope Paul VI announced in 1968 the excavated discovery of a first-century Roman cemetery . Every 29 June since 1736 , a statue of Saint Peter in St. Peter 's Basilica is adorned with papal tiara , ring of the fisherman , and papal vestments , as part of the celebration of the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul . According to Catholic doctrine , the direct papal successor to Saint Peter is the incumbent pope , currently Pope . Two general epistles in the New Testament are ascribed to Peter , but modern scholars reject the Petrine authorship of both . The Gospel of Mark was traditionally thought to show the influence of Peter 's preaching and eyewitness memories . Several other books bearing his namethe Acts of Peter , Gospel of Peter , Preaching of Peter , Apocalypse of Peter , and Judgment of Peterare considered by Christian denominations as apocryphal , and are thus not included in their Bible canons .
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St Peter 's Church is an Anglican church in the Bohemia area of the town and seaside resort of , part of the Borough of Hastings in East Sussex , England . Founded in 1883 in response to the rapid residential growth of this part of St Leonards-on-Sea , the `` outstanding late Victorian church '' was completed and opened in 1885 . Architect James Brooks was towards the end of his career but still produced a successful , powerful Gothic Revival design , which was built by prolific local firm John Howell & Son -- builders of several other churches in the area . Since 2010 , the building has also been home to Sonrise Church an independent Evangelical congregation . The church came to national attention in 2009 when its long-serving vicar was arrested for organising sham marriages . Since the closure and demolition of the nearby St Paul 's Church and the merging of the parishes , the legal names of the parish and church have been changed to St Peter 's and St Paul 's Church . English Heritage has listed it at Grade II * for its architectural and historical importance .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Keeping the Faith starred Ben Stiller.
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Keeping the Faith is a 2000 American romantic comedy film written by Stuart Blumberg , and starring Ben Stiller , Edward Norton -LRB- in his directorial debut -RRB- , Jenna Elfman , Eli Wallach , and Anne Bancroft . This film was released by Touchstone Pictures and Spyglass Entertainment , in association with Triple Threat Talent , on April 14 , 2000 . The film is dedicated to Norton 's late mother , Robin . It had a budget of $ 29 million .
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`` You 're Still Here '' is a song recorded by American country music artist Faith Hill . It was released in June 2003 as the fourth single from her fifth album Cry -LRB- 2002 -RRB- . The song reached # 28 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart . The song was written by Matraca Berg and Aimee Mayo .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Honey to the B was released in 1999.
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Honey to the B is the first album by the pop singer Billie Piper , released in 1998 -LRB- see 1998 in music -RRB- . Billie -LRB- she was known at the time only by her first name -RRB- was the first and youngest British female artist to have a first single enter the UK pop charts at number one . A number of hit singles were released from the album , including `` Girlfriend '' , `` She Wants You '' , the anthemic `` Because We Want To '' , and the title track `` Honey to the Bee '' . `` Honey to the Bee '' was later covered by the Swedish girl group Play on their 2003 album Replay . The American version of the album differs in that it contains the radio mix of `` Girlfriend '' . The single `` Honey to the Bee '' re-entered the official UK Singles Chart at number 17 on 21 January 2007 , eight years after initial release , thanks to efforts by the BBC Radio 1 DJ Chris Moyles . The album has sold 380,000 copies in the UK as of July 2013 .
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From tha Roota to tha Toota is the second album from the hip hop duo Field Mob released under the now defunct recording label MCA Records , currently distributed by Geffen Records . It was released to stores on October 22 , 2002 . The title of the album is a colloquial southern United States reference to making use of an entire pig - from the snout to the tail . The LP spawned the Jazze Pha produced single `` Sick of Being Lonely '' which reached # 18 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and # 5 on the US Billboard Hot Rap Tracks charts in 2002 . This album reached # 33 on the US Billboard Top 200 and # 4 on the US Top R&B / Hip Hop Albums charts . It has since been certified gold , selling over 700,000 copies .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Craft is a 1996 film from America.
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The Craft is a 1996 American supernatural horror film directed by Andrew Fleming and starring Robin Tunney , Fairuza Balk , Neve Campbell , and Rachel True . The film 's plot centers on a group of four outcast teenage girls who pursue witchcraft for their own gain , but soon encounter negative repercussions from their actions . The film was released on May 3 , 1996 , by Columbia Pictures and it was a surprise hit , earning $ 55 million against a budget of $ 15 million . In the years since its release , the film has accrued a significant cult following .
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Tart is a 2001 American coming of age film written and directed by Christina Wayne and starring Dominique Swain , Bijou Phillips , and Brad Renfro . It follows a young woman at a preparatory school in 1980s New York City and her ingratiation with a group of elite peers . It was released by Lionsgate in 2001 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Bonnie Hunt was in Life with Bonnie.
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Bonnie Lynne Hunt -LRB- born September 22 , 1961 -RRB- is an American stand-up comedian , actress , director , producer , writer and host . She has appeared in films , such as Rain Man , Beethoven , Beethoven 's 2nd , Jumanji , Jerry Maguire , The Green Mile , Cheaper by the Dozen and Cheaper by the Dozen 2 . Hunt has done voice work in A Bug 's Life , Monsters , Inc. , Cars , Toy Story 3 , Cars 2 , Monsters University , and Zootopia . She starred in Grand and Davis Rules , as well as creating , producing , writing , and starring in The Building , Bonnie , and Life with Bonnie . From 2008 to 2010 , she hosted The Bonnie Hunt Show .
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Life on the Mississippi is a made-for-television feature film , based loosely on the 1883 book of the same title by Mark Twain . It was directed by Peter H. Hunt , and starred David Knell as the young Mark Twain and Robert Lansing as his teacher , Horace Bixby . A pre-All My Children Marcy Walker played a character named Emmeline . It aired in 1980 as part of the PBS series , Great Performances , and was released for home video in 1984 by MCA Entertainment . It was the first in a group of films directed by Hunt based on Twain 's work .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Pluto is the biggest trans-Neptunian object by volume that is known.
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Pluto -LRB- minor-planet designation : 134340 Pluto -RRB- is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt , a ring of bodies beyond Neptune . It was the first Kuiper belt object to be discovered . Pluto was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh in 1930 and was originally considered to be the ninth planet from the Sun . After 1992 , its planethood was questioned following the discovery of several objects of similar size in the Kuiper belt . In 2005 , Eris , a dwarf planet in the scattered disc which is 27 % more massive than Pluto , was discovered . This led the International Astronomical Union -LRB- IAU -RRB- to define the term `` planet '' formally in 2006 , during their 26th General Assembly . That definition excluded Pluto and reclassified it as a dwarf planet . Pluto is the largest and second-most-massive known dwarf planet in the Solar System and the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object directly orbiting the Sun . It is the largest known trans-Neptunian object by volume but is less massive than Eris . Like other Kuiper belt objects , Pluto is primarily made of ice and rock and is relatively small -- about one-sixth the mass of the Moon and one-third its volume . It has a moderately eccentric and inclined orbit during which it ranges from 30 to 49 astronomical units or AU -LRB- 4.4 -- 7.4 billion km -RRB- from the Sun . This means that Pluto periodically comes closer to the Sun than Neptune , but a stable orbital resonance with Neptune prevents them from colliding . Light from the Sun takes about 5.5 hours to reach Pluto at its average distance -LRB- 39.5 AU -RRB- . Pluto has five known moons : Charon -LRB- the largest , with a diameter just over half that of Pluto -RRB- , Styx , Nix , Kerberos , and Hydra . Pluto and Charon are sometimes considered a binary system because the barycenter of their orbits does not lie within either body . On July 14 , 2015 , the New Horizons spacecraft became the first spacecraft to fly by Pluto . During its brief flyby , New Horizons made detailed measurements and observations of Pluto and its moons . In September 2016 , astronomers announced that the reddish-brown cap of the north pole of Charon is composed of tholins , organic macromolecules that may be ingredients for the emergence of life , and produced from methane , nitrogen and other gases released from the atmosphere of Pluto and transferred about 19,000 km to the orbiting moon .
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is a trans-Neptunian object and scattered disc object that was discovered in May 2015 in the constellation of Serpens using the Subaru telescope and announced on February 23 , 2016 . It is likely a dwarf planet as it very bright for its extreme distance at 59 AU from the Sun . The diameter of is estimated to be 400 -- 1000 kilometers .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Don Henley is incapable of working with Eagles.
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Donald Hugh `` Don '' Henley -LRB- born July 22 , 1947 -RRB- is an American singer-songwriter , producer , and drummer , best known as a founding member of the Eagles before launching a successful solo career . Henley was the drummer and co-lead singer for the Eagles from 1971 to 1980 , when the band broke up , and from 1994 to 2016 , when they reunited . Henley sang the lead vocals on Eagles hits such as `` Witchy Woman '' , `` Desperado '' , `` Best of My Love '' , `` One of These Nights '' , `` Hotel California '' , `` Life in the Fast Lane '' , `` The Long Run '' and `` Get Over It '' . After the Eagles broke up in 1980 , Henley pursued a solo career and released his debut album I Ca n't Stand Still , in 1982 . He has released five studio albums , two compilation albums , and one live DVD . His solo hits include `` Dirty Laundry '' , `` The Boys of Summer '' , `` All She Wants to Do Is Dance '' , `` The Heart of the Matter '' , `` The Last Worthless Evening '' , `` Sunset Grill '' , `` Not Enough Love in the World '' , and `` The End of the Innocence '' . The Eagles have sold over 150 million albums worldwide , won six Grammy Awards , had five No. 1 singles , 17 Top 40 singles , and six No. 1 albums . They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 and are the biggest selling American band in history . As a solo artist , Henley has sold over 10 million albums worldwide , had eight Top 40 singles , won two Grammy Awards and five MTV Video Music Awards . Combined with the Eagles and as a solo artist , Henley has released 25 Top 40 singles on the Billboard Hot 100 . He has also released seven studio albums with the Eagles and four as a solo artist . In 2008 , he was ranked as the 87th greatest singer of all time by the Rolling Stone magazine . Henley has also played a founding role in several environmental and political causes , most notably the Walden Woods Project . From 1994 to 2016 , he divided his musical activities between the Eagles and his solo career .
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Ernest ` Ernie ' Merrick OAM -LRB- born 15 January 1953 -RRB- is a Scottish-Australasian coach , who manages A-League soccer club Newcastle Jets . He was the former head coach of the Hong Kong national football team and A-League clubs Melbourne Victory and Wellington Phoenix . He is the most successful coach in A-League history .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Lust for Life is based on a 1930's piano.
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Lust for Life -LRB- 1956 -RRB- is a MGM -LRB- Metrocolor -RRB- biographical film about the life of the Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh , based on the 1934 novel of the same name by Irving Stone and adapted by Norman Corwin . It was directed by Vincente Minnelli and produced by John Houseman . The film stars Kirk Douglas as Van Gogh , James Donald as his brother Theo , Pamela Brown , Everett Sloane and Anthony Quinn , who won an Oscar for his performance as Van Gogh 's fast friend and rival Paul Gauguin .
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Love Life is a 2006 gay-themed film by director Damion Dietz about marriage of convenience between a gay man and a bisexual lesbian and how complicated it can get with arrival of other suiters . The film premiered at the Frameline Film Festival in San Francisco and was selected as the benefit film for the Human Rights Campaign .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award has been presented to a member of the Miami Marlins.
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The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award -LRB- MVP -RRB- is an annual Major League Baseball -LRB- MLB -RRB- award , given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League . Since 1931 , it has been awarded by the Baseball Writers ' Association of America -LRB- BBWAA -RRB- . The winners receive the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award , which became the official name of the award in 1944 , in honor of the first MLB commissioner , who served from 1920 until his death on November 25 , 1944 . MVP voting takes place before the postseason , but the results are not announced until after the World Series . The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938 , reducing that number to two per league city in 1961 . The BBWAA does not offer a clear-cut definition of what `` most valuable '' means , instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters . First basemen , with 34 winners , have won the most MVPs among infielders , followed by second basemen -LRB- 16 -RRB- , third basemen -LRB- 15 -RRB- , and shortstops -LRB- 15 -RRB- . Of the 24 pitchers who have won the award , 15 are right-handed while 9 are left-handed . Walter Johnson , Carl Hubbell , and Hal Newhouser are the only pitchers who have won multiple times , Newhouser winning consecutively in 1944 and 1945 . Hank Greenberg , Stan Musial , Alex Rodriguez , and Robin Yount have won at different positions , while Rodriguez is the only player who has won the award with two different teams at two different positions . Barry Bonds has won the most often -LRB- seven times -RRB- and the most consecutively -LRB- 2001 -- 04 -RRB- . Jimmie Foxx was the first player to win multiple times ; 9 players have won three times , and 19 have won twice . Frank Robinson is the only player to win the award in both the American and National Leagues . The award 's only tie occurred in the National League in 1979 , when Keith Hernandez and Willie Stargell received an equal number of points . There have been 18 unanimous winners , who received all the first-place votes . The New York Yankees have the most winning players with 22 , followed by the St. Louis Cardinals with 17 winners . The award has never been presented to a member of the following four teams : Arizona Diamondbacks , Miami Marlins , New York Mets , and Tampa Bay Rays . The most recent recipients are Mike Trout in the American League and Kris Bryant in the National League . In recent decades , pitchers have rarely won the award . When Justin Verlander won the AL award in 2011 , he became the first pitcher in either league to be named the MVP since Dennis Eckersley in 1992 . Verlander also became the first starting pitcher to win this award since Roger Clemens had accomplished the feat in 1986 . The National League went even longer without an MVP award to a pitcher -- after Bob Gibson won in 1968 , no pitcher in that league was named MVP until Clayton Kershaw in 2014 .
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Joshua Patrick Beckett -LRB- born May 15 , 1980 -RRB- is an American former professional baseball pitcher . A three-time Major League Baseball -LRB- MLB -RRB- All-Star , he played for the Florida Marlins , Boston Red Sox , and the Los Angeles Dodgers . After a stellar high school career , where he was regarded as one of the top prospects in the country , he was drafted by the Marlins with the second pick in the 1999 MLB draft . He won the 2003 World Series with the Marlins and the 2007 World Series with the Red Sox , and received the 2007 American League Championship Most Valuable Player -LRB- MVP -RRB- award and the 2003 World Series MVP award . He was traded from the Marlins to the Red Sox in 2006 and from the Red Sox to the Dodgers in 2012 , both as part of multi-player transactions . Beckett recovered from a serious injury that caused him to miss most of the 2013 season and pitched a no hitter against the Philadelphia Phillies on May 25 , 2014 for the Dodgers , becoming the 19th man to do so in Dodgers history . However , his season was again cut short due to an injury and he announced his retirement on October 7 , 2014 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Betty Buckley acted in a 1976 film.
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Betty Lynn Buckley -LRB- born July 3 , 1947 -RRB- is an American stage , film and television actress , and singer . She starred from 1977 to 1981 on the ABC series Eight is Enough , before going on to win the 1983 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her role as Grizabella in the original Broadway production of Cats . Her other musical roles include playing Norma Desmond in Sunset Boulevard from 1994 to 1996 , in both London and New York , receiving an Olivier Award nomination . She is a 2012 American Theater Hall of Fame inductee . Buckley made her Broadway debut in 1969 playing Martha Jefferson in the original production of the musical 1776 . Other Broadway musical credits include Pippin -LRB- 1973 -RRB- and Drood -LRB- 1985 -RRB- . She played gym teacher Ms. Collins in the 1976 Brian de Palma film Carrie and went on to star in the short-lived Broadway musical version of Carrie in 1988 , this time playing Carrie 's mother , Margaret White . She received a Tony Award nomination for the 1997 musical Triumph of Love , Grammy Award nominations for The Diaries of Adam and Eve -LRB- 1999 -RRB- and Stars and the Moon : Live at the Donmar -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , and a Drama Desk Award nomination for the 2013 play The Old Friends . Her other film roles include Dixie Scott in Tender Mercies -LRB- 1983 -RRB- , Sondra Walker in Frantic -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , Kathy in Another Woman -LRB- 1988 -RRB- and Mrs. Jones in The Happening -LRB- 2008 -RRB- . She also had a recurring role in the HBO series Oz -LRB- 2001 -- 03 -RRB- . In 2017 , she received a Saturn Award nomination for her role as Dr. Karen Fletcher in the film Split .
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Inside Out is a 1975 British action thriller film , produced and directed by Peter Duffell , and starring James Mason , Robert Culp , and Telly Savalas . The movie . shot in West Berlin and the Netherlands , aired on television in the United States on NBC on 1 January 1978 under the alternate title Hitler 's Gold . It was also titled The Golden Heist , and Ein genialer Bluff -LRB- in West Germany -RRB- . It was an inspiration for the film Wild Geese II .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Water exists in certain conditions.
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Water is a transparent and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth 's streams , lakes , and oceans , and the fluids of most living organisms . Its chemical formula is H2O , meaning that its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms , that are connected by covalent bonds . Water strictly refers to the liquid state of that substance , that prevails at standard ambient temperature and pressure ; but it often refers also to its solid state -LRB- ice -RRB- or its gaseous state -LRB- steam or water vapor -RRB- . It also occurs in nature as snow , glaciers , ice packs and icebergs , clouds , fog , dew , aquifers , and atmospheric humidity . Water covers 71 % of the Earth 's surface . It is vital for all known forms of life . On Earth , 96.5 % of the planet 's crust water is found in seas and oceans , 1.7 % in groundwater , 1.7 % in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland , a small fraction in other large water bodies , and 0.001 % in the air as vapor , clouds -LRB- formed of ice and liquid water suspended in air -RRB- , and precipitation . Only 2.5 % of this water is freshwater , and 98.8 % of that water is in ice -LRB- excepting ice in clouds -RRB- and groundwater . Less than 0.3 % of all freshwater is in rivers , lakes , and the atmosphere , and an even smaller amount of the Earth 's freshwater -LRB- 0.003 % -RRB- is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products . A greater quantity of water is found in the earth 's interior . Water on Earth moves continually through the water cycle of evaporation and transpiration -LRB- evapotranspiration -RRB- , condensation , precipitation , and runoff , usually reaching the sea . Evaporation and transpiration contribute to the precipitation over land . Large amounts of water are also chemically combined or adsorbed in hydrated minerals . Safe drinking water is essential to humans and other lifeforms even though it provides no calories or organic nutrients . Access to safe drinking water has improved over the last decades in almost every part of the world , but approximately one billion people still lack access to safe water and over 2.5 billion lack access to adequate sanitation . There is a clear correlation between access to safe water and gross domestic product per capita . However , some observers have estimated that by 2025 more than half of the world population will be facing water-based vulnerability . A report , issued in November 2009 , suggests that by 2030 , in some developing regions of the world , water demand will exceed supply by 50 % . Water plays an important role in the world economy . Approximately 70 % of the freshwater used by humans goes to agriculture . Fishing in salt and fresh water bodies is a major source of food for many parts of the world . Much of long-distance trade of commodities -LRB- such as oil and natural gas -RRB- and manufactured products is transported by boats through seas , rivers , lakes , and canals . Large quantities of water , ice , and steam are used for cooling and heating , in industry and homes . Water is an excellent solvent for a wide variety of chemical substances ; as such it is widely used in industrial processes , and in cooking and washing . Water is also central to many sports and other forms of entertainment , such as swimming , pleasure boating , boat racing , surfing , sport fishing , and diving .
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Irrigation is the artificial exploitation and distribution of water at project level aiming at application of water at field level to agricultural crops in dry areas or in periods of scarce rainfall to assure or improve crop production . This article is about organizational forms and means of management of irrigation water at project level .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Titanium is on an album by David Guetta.
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`` Titanium '' is a song by French DJ and music producer David Guetta , featuring vocals by Australian recording artist Sia . Taken from Guetta 's fifth studio album , Nothing but the Beat , the song was written by Sia , David Guetta , Giorgio Tuinfort and Afrojack . Production was also handled by Guetta , Tuinfort and Afrojack . `` Titanium '' was initially released for digital download on August 8 , 2011 , as the first of four promotional singles from the album . It was later released as the album 's fourth single in December 2011 . The song originally featured the vocals of American recording artist Mary J. Blige , whose version of the song leaked online in July 2011 . `` Titanium '' is a ballad which draws from the genres of house , pop and urban-dance . The song 's lyrics are about inner strength . Sia 's vocals on `` Titanium '' received comparisons to those by Fergie and the song was also musically compared to Coldplay 's work . Critics were positive towards the song and noted it as one of the standout tracks from Nothing but the Beat . `` Titanium '' attained top 10 positions in several major music markets , including Australia , Austria , Denmark , Finland , France , Germany , Hungary , Ireland , Italy , The Netherlands , New Zealand , Norway , Spain , Sweden , Switzerland and the United States . In the United Kingdom , it peaked at number one , becoming Guetta 's fifth number-one single on the chart and Sia 's first . The song 's accompanying music video premiered on December 21 , 2011 but does not feature appearances by Guetta or Sia . Instead , the video focuses on a young boy , played by actor Ryan Lee , with supernatural powers . Along with other songs , `` Titanium '' was pulled from radio stations in the US after the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting .
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Requiem -- Fortissimo is the third part of Virgin Black 's Requiem album trilogy and its second installment since Requiem - Mezzo Forte . The album was released on February 19 , 2008 . The music on this album is in a death/doom style reminiscent of early 1990s British groups like My Dying Bride and Paradise Lost . Metal Storm voted Requiem - Fortissimo as The Best Doom Metal Album of 2008 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Malcolm Young was the co-founder of AC/DC.
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Malcolm Mitchell Young -LRB- born 6 January 1953 -RRB- is an Australian retired musician and songwriter , best known as a co-founder , rhythm guitarist , backing vocalist and songwriter for the hard rock band AC/DC . Except for a brief absence in 1988 , he was with the band from its November 1973 beginning until retiring permanently in 2014 , due to health reasons . Young and the other members of AC/DC were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2003 . Though his younger brother Angus is the more visible of the brothers , Malcolm has been described as the driving force and the leader of the band . He also added that despite his retirement from the band , AC/DC was determined to continue making music with his blessing . As the rhythm guitarist , he was responsible for the broad sweep of the band 's sound , developing many of their guitar riffs and co-writing the band 's material with Angus . He is married to Linda Young and has two children , Cara and Ross . Young took a leave of absence from AC/DC in April 2014 , to receive treatment for dementia . In September 2014 , the band 's management announced that he would be retiring permanently .
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Marl Young , -LRB- 29 Jan 1917 , Bluefield , Virginia , -- 29 April 2009 , Los Angeles , California -RRB- was an American musician and arranger who helped with the merger of the all-black and all-white musicians unions in Los Angeles in the early 1950s . He later became the first black music director of a major network television series , Here 's Lucy starring Lucille Ball .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Matt Smith is incapable of starring in Womb (film).
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Womb -LRB- retitled Clone for its UK DVD release -RRB- is a 2010 film written and directed by Benedek Fliegauf and starring Eva Green and Matt Smith .
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Matt Mercer -LRB- born March 17 , 1980 -RRB- is an American actor and filmmaker , best known for his acting roles in Contracted , Contracted : Phase II , The Mind 's Eye , and Beyond the Gates .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Tessanne Chin is best known for winning a competition.
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Tessanne Amanda Chin -LRB- -LSB- ˈtɛs ' æn_tʃɪn -RSB- born September 20 , 1985 -RRB- is a Jamaican recording artist , best known for winning Season 5 of NBC 's reality TV singing competition The Voice as part of Adam Levine 's team . She has opened for famous acts such as Patti Labelle , Peabo Bryson and Gladys Knight , and toured for three years with Jimmy Cliff . She is the younger sister of singer Tami Chynn and Terrie Chin . Her major label debut album , Count on My Love , was released on July 1 , 2014 under Republic Records .
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Tammar Anika Chin -LRB- born 14 June 1984 -RRB- , known by her stage name Tami Chynn , is a Jamaican singer , songwriter , and dancer .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.KJ Apa was cast as Archie Andrews in 2014.
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Keneti James Fitzgerald `` KJ '' Apa -LRB- born 16 June 1997 -RRB- is a New Zealand actor . He is known for playing Kane Jenkins in the New Zealand prime-time soap opera Shortland Street . In 2016 , he was cast as Archie Andrews in Riverdale after a four-month worldwide talent search . In 2015 , he was cast as young Ethan in A Dog 's Purpose , released in 2017 .
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Angus Wilson Lennie -LRB- 18 April 1930 -- 14 September 2014 -RRB- was a Scottish film and theatre character actor , with a career spanning 50 years . He played the character of Archibald Ives in The Great Escape , and Shughie McFee in the popular television soap opera Crossroads .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Tom Hardy has been in three or more movies directed by Christopher Nolan.
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Edward Thomas Hardy -LRB- born 15 September 1977 -RRB- is an English actor and producer . His motion picture debut was in Ridley Scott 's 2001 action film Black Hawk Down . Hardy 's other notable films include the science fiction film Star Trek : Nemesis -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , the crime film RocknRolla -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , biographical psychological drama Bronson -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , sports drama Warrior -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Cold War espionage film Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , crime drama Lawless -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , drama Locke -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , mobster film The Drop -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and the biographical western thriller The Revenant -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor . He portrayed `` Mad '' Max Rockatansky in the post-apocalyptic film Mad Max : Fury Road -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , and both of the Kray twins in the crime thriller Legend -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . He has appeared in three Christopher Nolan films : the science fiction thriller Inception -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , portrayed Bane in the superhero film The Dark Knight Rises -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , and the action-thriller Dunkirk -LRB- 2017 -RRB- based on the British evacuation in World War II . Hardy 's television roles include the HBO war drama miniseries Band of Brothers -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , the BBC historical drama miniseries The Virgin Queen -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , ITV 's Wuthering Heights -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , the Sky 1 drama series The Take -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , and the BBC historical crime drama television series Peaky Blinders -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . He created , co-produced and took the lead in the eight-part historical fiction series Taboo -LRB- 2017 -RRB- on BBC One and FX . Hardy has performed on both British and American stages . He was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Most Promising Newcomer for his role as Skank in the 2003 production of In Arabia We 'd All Be Kings , and was awarded the 2003 London Evening Standard Theatre Award for Outstanding Newcomer for his performances in both In Arabia We 'd All be Kings and for his role as Luca in Blood . He starred in the 2007 production of The Man of Mode and received positive reviews for his role in the 2010 Philip Seymour Hoffman-directed play The Long Red Road .
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Mission : Impossible is a series of action spy thriller films based on the television series of the same name , produced by and starring Tom Cruise as Impossible Missions Force -LRB- IMF -RRB- agent Ethan Hunt . Beginning in 1996 , the films follow the missions of the IMF 's main field team under the leadership of Hunt , who is forced to take over after the team is betrayed from within in the first film . As such , the series focuses on Hunt as the lead character as opposed to the ensemble cast structure of the television series , although some characters , such as Luther Stickell -LRB- Ving Rhames -RRB- and Benji Dunn -LRB- Simon Pegg -RRB- have recurring roles in the films . The series is the 18th-highest-grossing film series of all time , with a worldwide gross of over $ 2 billion to date . A sixth film is currently filming , set to be released in 2018 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.There are 8 majors Steffi Graf competed in two years.
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Stefanie Maria `` Steffi '' Graf -LRB- -LSB- ˈʃtɛfiː ˈgʁa : f -RSB- ; born 14 June 1969 -RRB- is a German former tennis player , who was ranked world No. 1 during her career . Graf won 22 Grand Slam singles titles . Her 22 singles titles put her second on the list of Major wins by a tennis player -LRB- male or female -RRB- since the introduction of the Open Era in 1968 and is third all-time behind Margaret Court -LRB- 24 -RRB- and Serena Williams -LRB- 23 -RRB- . In 1988 , she became the first and only tennis player -LRB- male or female -RRB- to achieve the Golden Slam by winning all four Grand Slam singles titles and the Olympic gold medal in the same calendar year . Furthermore , she is the only tennis player to have won each Grand Slam event at least four times . Graf was ranked world No. 1 by the Women 's Tennis Association -LRB- WTA -RRB- for a record 377 total weeks -- the longest period for which any player , male or female , has held the number-one ranking since the WTA and the Association of Tennis Professionals began issuing rankings . She won 107 singles titles , which ranks her third on the WTA 's all-time list after Martina Navratilova -LRB- 167 titles -RRB- and Chris Evert -LRB- 157 titles -RRB- . She and Margaret Court are the only players , male or female , to win three grand slams in a calendar year five times -LRB- 1988 , 1989 , 1993 , 1995 and 1996 -RRB- . Notable features of Graf 's game were her versatility across all playing surfaces , footwork and her powerful forehand drive . Graf won six French Open singles titles -LRB- second to Evert -RRB- , seven Wimbledon singles titles , four Australian Open titles , and five U.S. Open singles titles . She is the only singles player -LRB- male or female -RRB- to have achieved a Grand Slam since hard court was introduced as a surface at the US Open in 1978 . Consequently , Graf 's Grand Slam was achieved on grass , clay , and hard court while the previous five Grand Slams were decided on only grass and clay . Graf reached thirteen consecutive Grand Slam singles finals , from the 1987 French Open through to the 1990 French Open , winning nine of them . She won 5 consecutive Majors -LRB- 1988 Australian Open to 1989 Australian Open -RRB- , and seven Majors out of eight , in two calendar years -LRB- 1988 Australian Open to 1989 US Open , except 1989 French Open -RRB- . She reached a total of 31 Grand Slam singles finals . Graf is regarded by some to be the greatest female tennis player of all time . Navratilova included Graf on her list of great players . In 1999 Billie Jean King said `` Steffi is definitely the greatest women 's tennis player of all time '' . In December 1999 , Graf was named the greatest female tennis player of the 20th century by a panel of experts assembled by the Associated Press . Tennis writer Steve Flink , in his book The Greatest Tennis Matches of the Twentieth Century , named her as the best female player of the 20th century . In March 2012 , Tennis Channel picked Graf as the greatest female tennis player ever in their list of 100 greatest tennis players of all time . Graf retired in 1999 while she was ranked World No. 3 . She married former World No. 1 men 's tennis player Andre Agassi in October 2001 . The couple has two children -- Jaden Gil and Jaz Elle . Graf was inducted into the Tennis Hall of Fame in 2004 .
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Lisa Graf -LRB- born 13 November 1992 -RRB- is a German competitive swimmer who specializes in backstroke . At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro she competes in the 200 meter backstroke . She qualified in tied 4th place for the semifinals where she was eliminated with a 13th place . At the 2014 European Aquatics Championships in Berlin , she finished 4th in the 200 meter backstroke . At the 2012 European Championships , she won a gold medley relay medal for swimming in the heats .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Minecraft enables players to build constructions.
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Minecraft is a sandbox video game created and designed by Swedish game designer Markus `` Notch '' Persson , and later fully developed and published by Mojang . The creative and building aspects of Minecraft enable players to build constructions out of textured cubes in a 3D procedurally generated world . Other activities in the game include exploration , resource gathering , crafting , and combat . Multiple gameplay modes are available , including a survival mode where the player must acquire resources to build the world and maintain health , a creative mode where players have unlimited resources to build with and the ability to fly , an adventure mode where players can play custom maps created by other players , and a spectator mode where players can fly around and clip through blocks , but can not place or destroy any . The PC version of the game is noted for its modding scene , where a dedicated community creates new gameplay mechanics , items , and assets for the game . Minecraft received praise from critics , and won numerous awards and accolades . , over 121 million copies have been sold across all platforms , making it the second best-selling video game of all time , only behind the various releases of Tetris . In September 2014 , Microsoft announced a deal to buy Mojang and the Minecraft intellectual property for 2.5 billion , with the acquisition being completed two months later .
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is a role-playing video game developed by Experience . The game was published in Japan by Bandai Namco Entertainment in 2015 , and published digitally in North America and Europe by Acttil on May 3 , 2016 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.John Cusack has worked on a film with Stephen Frears.
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John Paul Cusack -LRB- -LSB- ˈkjuːsæk -RSB- , born June 28 , 1966 -RRB- is an American actor , producer and screenwriter . He made one of his earliest film roles in the mid-1980s , before he starred in Cameron Crowe 's film Say Anything ... -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , for which he gained teen idol status . He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his performance in High Fidelity -LRB- 2000 -RRB- . Cusack starred in other films , including Grosse Pointe Blank -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , Being John Malkovich -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , 1408 -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , 2012 -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , Hot Tub Time Machine -LRB- 2010 -RRB- and The Raven -LRB- 2012 -RRB- .
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Faults is a 2014 comedy-drama film written and directed by Riley Stearns in his feature film debut . The film stars Mary Elizabeth Winstead , Leland Orser , Jon Gries , Beth Grant , Chris Ellis and Lance Reddick . The film premiered at the 2014 SXSW on March 9 , 2014 , and was picked up by Screen Media Films for theatrical release on March 6 , 2015 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Graciosa, Canary Islands is a flat island.
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Graciosa Island or commonly La Graciosa -LRB- -LSB- la ɣɾaˈθjosa -RSB- ; Spanish for `` graceful '' -RRB- is a volcanic island in the Canary Islands of Spain , located 2 km north of the island of Lanzarote across the strait named El Río . It was formed by the Canary hotspot . The island is part of the Chinijo Archipelago and the Chinijo Archipelago Natural Park -LRB- Parque Natural del Archipiélago Chinijo -RRB- . It is administrated by the municipality of Teguise . The only two settlements are Caleta de Sebo in the southeastern part of the island and summer-residence Casas de Pedro Barba . The population is about 700 . Tourism is the main industry along with fishing . Every year , tourists flock to the island for its tempered climate and its sandy volcanic coasts . The island has a school , lyceum , post office , supermarkets , medical center , pharmacy , a Bankia bank branch -LRB- in danger of closure as of September 2013 but still there in February 2016 -RRB- , port , beaches , bar-restaurants and a square . Streets and roads on La Graciosa are unpaved sand . Motor vehicles are strictly prohibited and limited to a handful of licensed vehicles for special purposes . Access to the Island is by a 35-minute ferry crossing from Orzola on Lanzarote to the harbour in the village . There is a campsite on the Island situated on Playa del Salado at the western edge of Caleta del Sebo .
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The Canary Islands stonechat -LRB- Saxicola dacotiae -RRB- , also known as the Fuerteventura stonechat or Fuerteventura chat , and formerly known as the Canary Islands chat due to its once widespread distribution on the Canary Islands . It is a sedentary resident found only on the island of Fuerteventura where it is known as the Caldereta .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Lisa Kudrow appeared on Showtime.
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Lisa Valerie Kudrow -LRB- -LSB- ` kuːdroʊ -RSB- born July 30 , 1963 -RRB- is an American actress , comedian , writer and producer . She gained worldwide recognition for her ten-season run as Phoebe Buffay and Ursula Buffay on the television sitcom Friends , for which she received many accolades , including six Emmy Award nominations , winning once in 1998 , and twelve Screen Actors Guild Award nominations , winning twice in 1996 and 2000 . She went on to produce , write and star in the 2005 HBO series The Comeback , which was revived nine years later and began airing its second season in November 2014 . She received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for both seasons , in 2006 and 2015 respectively . She also starred in Web Therapy , which aired for four seasons on Showtime . As a producer of the series , she was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class -- Short-Format Live-Action Entertainment Program for the show in 2012 . She is also one of the executive producers of the TLC reality program Who Do You Think You Are and was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality-Program for the series in 2012 and 2014 . Away from television , Kudrow has also appeared in many films , including Romy and Michele 's High School Reunion -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , The Opposite of Sex -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , Analyze This -LRB- 1999 -RRB- and its sequel Analyze That -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , Dr. Dolittle 2 -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , Wonderland -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , Happy Endings -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , P.S. I Love You -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , Bandslam -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Hotel for Dogs -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , Easy A -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Neighbors -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , its sequel Neighbors 2 : Sorority Rising -LRB- 2016 -RRB- and The Girl on the Train -LRB- 2016 -RRB- .
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`` The Secret War of Lisa Simpson '' is the twenty-fifth and final episode of The Simpsons ' eighth season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 18 , 1997 . Bart gets sent to a military academy as punishment for bad behavior . While visiting the academy , Lisa sees that the school is far more challenging than hers and she decides that she wants to attend as well . It was directed by Mike B. Anderson , written by Richard Appel and featured Willem Dafoe in a guest spot as the school 's commandant .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Jesus was Muslim.
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Jesus -LRB- -LSB- ˈdʒiːzəs -RSB- ; c. 4 BC -- c. AD 30/33 -RRB- , also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth or Jesus Christ , was a Jewish preacher and religious leader who became the central figure of Christianity . Christians believe him to be the Son of God and the awaited Messiah -LRB- Christ -RRB- prophesied in the Old Testament . Virtually all modern scholars of antiquity agree that Jesus existed historically , although the quest for the historical Jesus has produced little agreement on the historical reliability of the Gospels and on how closely the biblical Jesus reflects the historical Jesus . Jesus was a Galilean Jew who was baptized by John the Baptist and subsequently began his own ministry , preaching his message orally and often being referred to as `` rabbi '' . He was arrested and tried by the Jewish authorities , and was crucified by the order of Pontius Pilate , the Roman prefect . Jesus debated fellow Jews on how to best follow God , performed healings , taught in parables and gathered followers . After his death , his followers believed he rose from the dead , and the community they formed eventually became the Christian Church . His birth is celebrated annually on December 25 -LRB- or various dates in January for some eastern churches -RRB- as a holiday known as Christmas , his crucifixion is honored on Good Friday , and his resurrection is celebrated on Easter . The widely used calendar era `` AD '' , from the Latin anno Domini -LRB- `` in the year of the Lord '' -RRB- , and the alternative `` CE '' , are based on the approximate birth date of Jesus . Christian doctrines include the beliefs that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit , was born of a virgin named Mary , performed miracles , founded the Church , died by crucifixion as a sacrifice to achieve atonement , rose from the dead , and ascended into Heaven , whence he will return . Most Christians believe Jesus enables humans to be reconciled to God . The Nicene Creed asserts that Jesus will judge the living and the dead either before or after their bodily resurrection , an event tied to the Second Coming of Jesus in Christian eschatology . The great majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son , the second of three persons of a Divine Trinity . A minority of Christian denominations reject Trinitarianism , wholly or partly , as non-scriptural . In Islam , Jesus -LRB- commonly transliterated as -RRB- is considered one of God 's important prophets and the Messiah . Muslims believe Jesus was a bringer of scripture and was born of a virgin but was not the Son of God . The Quran states that Jesus himself never claimed divinity . To most Muslims , Jesus was not crucified but was physically raised into Heaven by God . Judaism rejects the belief that Jesus was the awaited Messiah , arguing that he did not fulfill Messianic prophecies and asserting that his resurrection is a Christian legend .
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Bernard Mizeki -LRB- sometimes spelt Bernard Mzeki ; c. 1861 -- 18 June 1896 -RRB- was an African Christian missionary and martyr .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Alison Brie was born in 1982.
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Alison Brie Franco -LRB- née Schermerhorn born December 29 , 1982 -RRB- , known professionally as Alison Brie , is an American actress and producer . She portrayed Annie Edison in the NBC/Yahoo ! sitcom Community -LRB- 2009 -- 2015 -RRB- and Trudy Campbell in the AMC drama Mad Men -LRB- 2007 -- 2015 -RRB- , and currently voices Diane Nguyen on the Netflix animated series BoJack Horseman -LRB- 2014 -- present -RRB- . She has starred in several films , such as Scream 4 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , The Five-Year Engagement -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , The Lego Movie -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , Get Hard -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , Sleeping with Other People -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , and How to Be Single -LRB- 2016 -RRB- .
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Alison Gregorka -LRB- born June 29 , 1985 in Ann Arbor , Michigan -RRB- is an American water polo player . She started playing at the age of 14 . She was a member of the US water polo team that won a silver medal at the 2008 Beijing Olympics . She is now coaching high school water polo in Lake Oswego , Oregon . She also appeared on the show Wipeout on ABC during the winter version of the show .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Margaret of Valois was imprisoned.
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Margaret of Valois -LRB- Marguerite , 14 May 1553 -- 27 March 1615 -RRB- was a French princess of the Valois dynasty who became queen consort of Navarre and later also of France . A daughter of King Henry II of France and Catherine de ' Medici , Margaret was the sister of kings Francis II , Charles IX and Henry III , and of Elisabeth of Valois Queen of Spain , as well as Claude of Valois . Charles IX arranged for her to marry a distant cousin , King Henry III of Navarre , and she thus became Queen of Navarre in 1572 . In 1589 , after all her brothers had died leaving no sons , Margaret 's husband , the senior-most agnatic heir to France -LRB- the `` Prince du sang '' -RRB- , succeeded to the French throne as Henry IV , the first Bourbon King of France . A queen of two kingdoms , Margaret was subjected to many political manipulations , including being held prisoner -LRB- albeit at a comfortable castle -RRB- by her own brother , Henry III of France , for many years . However , her life was anything but passive . She was famous for her beauty and sense of style , notorious for a licentious lifestyle , and also proved a competent memoirist . She was indeed one of the most fashionable women of her time , and influenced many of Europe 's royal courts with her clothing . Margaret took many lovers both during her marriage and after its annulment , of whom the best-known are Joseph Boniface de La Môle , Jacques de Harlay , Seigneur de Champvallon and Louis de Bussy d'Amboise . While imprisoned , she took advantage of the time to write her memoirs , which included a succession of stories relating to the disputes of her brothers Charles IX and Henry III with her husband . The memoirs were published posthumously in 1628 . Her life has inspired a variety of stories over the centuries , beginning with William Shakespeare 's early comedy Love 's Labour 's Lost , which was in fact written within her lifetime , to Alexandre Dumas , père 's 1845 novel La Reine Margot ; to a 1994 movie La Reine Margot .
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Margaret of Bavaria may refer to : Margaret of Bavaria , Duchess of Slavonia -LRB- 1321-1374 -RRB- Margaret of Bavaria , Duchess of Burgundy -LRB- 1363-1423 -RRB- Margaret of Bavaria , Marchioness of Mantua -LRB- 1442-1479 -RRB- Margaret of Bavaria , Electress Palatine -LRB- 1456-1501 -RRB-
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Ederson Moraes is a Brazilian citizen.
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Ederson Santana de Moraes -LRB- born 17 August 1993 -RRB- , known simply as Ederson , is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for English club Manchester City .
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Celso Moraes , or simply Chika -LRB- born August 4 , 1979 -RRB- , is a Brazilian defender . He has played for Thespa Kusatsu . Celso previously played for Ji-Paraná in the Copa do Brasil .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Julius Caesar centralized the bureaucracy of the Republic.
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Gaius Julius Caesar -LRB- -LSB- ˈɡaː.i.ʊs ˈjuː.li.ʊs ˈkae̯.sar -RSB- ; 13 July 100 BC -- 15 March 44 BC -RRB- , known as Julius Caesar , was a Roman politician , general , and notable author of Latin prose . He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire . In 60 BC , Caesar , Crassus , and Pompey formed a political alliance that dominated Roman politics for several years . Their attempts to amass power as Populares were opposed by the Optimates within the Roman Senate , among them Cato the Younger with the frequent support of Cicero . Caesar 's victories in the Gallic Wars , completed by 51 BC , extended Rome 's territory to the English Channel and the Rhine . Caesar became the first Roman general to cross both the Channel and the Rhine , when he built a bridge across the Rhine and crossed the Channel to invade Britain . These achievements granted him unmatched military power and threatened to eclipse the standing of Pompey , who had realigned himself with the Senate after the death of Crassus in 53 BC . With the Gallic Wars concluded , the Senate ordered Caesar to step down from his military command and return to Rome . Caesar refused the order , and instead marked his defiance in 49 BC by crossing the Rubicon with the 13th Legion , leaving his province and illegally entering Roman Italy under arms . Civil war resulted , and Caesar 's victory in the war put him in an unrivalled position of power and influence . After assuming control of government , Caesar began a programme of social and governmental reforms , including the creation of the Julian calendar . He centralised the bureaucracy of the Republic and was eventually proclaimed `` dictator in perpetuity '' , giving him additional authority . But the underlying political conflicts had not been resolved , and on the Ides of March -LRB- 15 March -RRB- 44 BC , Caesar was assassinated by a group of rebellious senators led by Marcus Junius Brutus . A new series of civil wars broke out , and the constitutional government of the Republic was never fully restored . Caesar 's adopted heir Octavian , later known as Augustus , rose to sole power after defeating his opponents in the civil war . Octavian set about solidifying his power , and the era of the Roman Empire began . Much of Caesar 's life is known from his own accounts of his military campaigns , and from other contemporary sources , mainly the letters and speeches of Cicero and the historical writings of Sallust . The later biographies of Caesar by Suetonius and Plutarch are also major sources . Caesar is considered by many historians to be one of the greatest military commanders in history .
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Paul was a senior Byzantine official under Leo III the Isaurian , serving as the strategos of Sicily , and then as the Exarch of Ravenna from 723 to 727 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Three albums have been released by Radiohead.
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Radiohead are an English alternative rock band from Abingdon , Oxfordshire , formed in 1985 . The band consists of Thom Yorke -LRB- lead vocals , guitar , piano , keyboards -RRB- , Jonny Greenwood -LRB- lead guitar , keyboards , other instruments -RRB- , Ed O'Brien -LRB- guitar , backing vocals -RRB- , Colin Greenwood -LRB- bass -RRB- , and Phil Selway -LRB- drums , percussion , backing vocals -RRB- . They have worked with producer Nigel Godrich and cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994 . After signing to EMI in 1991 , Radiohead released their debut single `` Creep '' in 1992 . It became a worldwide hit after the release of their debut album , Pablo Honey -LRB- 1993 -RRB- . Their popularity and critical standing rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their second album , The Bends -LRB- 1995 -RRB- . Radiohead 's third album , OK Computer -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , propelled them to international fame ; noted for its complex production and themes of modern alienation , it is often acclaimed as a landmark record of the 1990s and one of the best albums in popular music . The group 's next albums Kid A -LRB- 2000 -RRB- and Amnesiac -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , recorded simultaneously , marked a dramatic change in style , incorporating influences from experimental electronic music , 20th-century classical music , krautrock , and jazz . Despite initially dividing listeners , Kid A was later named the best album of the decade by Rolling Stone , Pitchfork and the Times . Radiohead 's sixth album , Hail to the Thief -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , mixed rock and electronic music with lyrics inspired by the War on Terror , and was the band 's final album for EMI . Their subsequent releases have pioneered alternative release platforms such as pay-what-you-want and BitTorrent . Radiohead self-released their seventh album , In Rainbows -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , as a download for which customers could set their own price , to critical and chart success . Their eighth album , The King of Limbs -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , an exploration of rhythm , was developed using extensive looping and sampling . Their ninth album , A Moon Shaped Pool -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , prominently featured Jonny Greenwood 's orchestral arrangements . Radiohead have sold more than 30 million albums worldwide . Their work places highly in both listener polls and critics ' lists of the best music of the 1990s and 2000s . In 2005 , they were ranked 73rd in Rolling Stone 's list of `` The Greatest Artists of All Time '' ; Jonny Greenwood -LRB- 48th -RRB- and O'Brien -LRB- 59th -RRB- were both included in Rolling Stones list of greatest guitarists , and Yorke -LRB- 66th -RRB- in their list of greatest singers . In 2009 , Rolling Stone readers voted the group the second-best artist of the 2000s .
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The discography of Propagandhi , a punk rock band from Canada consists of six studio albums , three extended plays , four splits , two live albums , three demo tapes , one compilation album and a handful of tracks released on various other compilations .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Augusto Pinochet was a judge.
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Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte -LRB- -LSB- auˈɣusto pinoˈ -LRB- t -RRB- ʃe -RSB- or -LSB- - ˈ -LRB- t -RRB- ʃet -RSB- 25 November 1915 -- 10 December 2006 -RRB- was a Chilean general , politician and the military ruler of Chile between 1973 and 1990 ; he remained the Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Army until 1998 . He was also president of the Government Junta of Chile between 1973 and 1981 . His rule of Chile was a dictatorship . Pinochet assumed power in Chile following a United States-backed coup d'état on 11 September 1973 that overthrew the democratically elected socialist Unidad Popular government of President Salvador Allende and ended civilian rule . Several academics have stated that the support of the United States was crucial to the coup and the consolidation of power afterward . Pinochet had been promoted to Commander-in-Chief of the Army by Allende on 23 August 1973 , having been its General Chief of Staff since early 1972 . In December 1974 , the ruling military junta appointed Pinochet Supreme Head of the nation by joint decree , although without the support of one of the coup 's instigators , Air Force General Gustavo Leigh . From the start of the new military government harsh measures were implemented . During the period of Pinochet 's rule , various investigations have identified the murder of 1,200 to 3,200 people with up to 80,000 people forcibly interned and as many as 30,000 tortured . According to the Chilean government , the official number of deaths and forced disappearances stands at 3,095 . Under the influence of the free market-oriented neoliberal `` Chicago Boys '' , the military government implemented economic liberalization , including currency stabilization , removed tariff protections for local industry , banned trade unions and privatized social security and hundreds of state-owned enterprises . These policies produced what has been referred to as the `` Miracle of Chile , '' but critics state that economic inequality dramatically increased and attribute the devastating effects of the 1982 monetary crisis on the Chilean economy to these policies . Chile was , for most of the 1990s , the best-performing economy in Latin America , though the legacy of Pinochet 's reforms continues to be in dispute . Pinochet 's 17-year rule was given a legal framework through a controversial 1980 plebiscite , which approved a new Constitution drafted by a government-appointed commission . In a 1988 plebiscite 56 % voted against Pinochet 's continuing as president , which led to democratic elections for the Presidency and Congress . After stepping down in 1990 , Pinochet continued to serve as Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Army until 10 March 1998 , when he retired and became a senator-for-life in accordance with his 1980 Constitution . However , Pinochet was arrested under an international arrest warrant on a visit to London on 10 October 1998 in connection with numerous human rights violations . Following a legal battle he was released on grounds of ill-health , and returned to Chile on 3 March 2000 . In 2004 , Chilean Judge Juan Guzmán Tapia ruled that Pinochet was medically fit to stand trial and placed him under house arrest . By the time of his death on 10 December 2006 , about 300 criminal charges were still pending against him in Chile for numerous human rights violations during his 17-year rule , and tax evasion and embezzlement during and after his rule ; he was accused of having corruptly amassed at least 28 million USD . Despite the indictment and 300 charges , he only served time in house arrest .
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Román Baldorioty de Castro -LRB- February 23 , 1822 -- September 30 , 1889 -RRB- is noted as one of Puerto Rico 's foremost abolitionists and spokesman for the island 's right to self-determination . He received his primary and secondary education in San Juan . He received a scholarship and moved to Spain , where he continued his studies at the University of Madrid . In 1853 , he returned to Puerto Rico and began working as a professor at the island 's School of Commerce and the Seminario Concilar . Baldorioty de Castro was selected to represent Puerto Rico at the 1867 Universal Fair , which was organized in Paris , France . In 1870 , he was elected as a deputy in the Cortes Generales , the Spanish parliament , where he promoted abolition of slavery . Baldorioty de Castro founded the Partido Autonomista in 1887 , but he was only able to work within it for a few months . He was tried and imprisoned in Fort San Felipe del Morro , after being accused of publishing propaganda that affected the Spanish government 's image . He was released after a brief period in jail , but his time in prison affected his health , which contributed to his death on September 30 , 1889 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Neil Young is not Canadian.
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Neil Percival Young , -LRB- born November 12 , 1945 -RRB- , is a Canadian singer-songwriter , musician , producer , director and screenwriter . Young began performing in a group covering Shadows instrumentals in Canada in 1960 . In 1966 , after a brief stint with the Rick James-fronted Mynah Birds , he moved to Los Angeles , where he formed Buffalo Springfield with Stephen Stills , Richie Furay and others . Young had released two solo albums by the time he joined Crosby , Stills & Nash in 1969 , in addition to two as a member of Buffalo Springfield . From his early solo albums and those with his backing band Crazy Horse , Young has recorded a steady stream of studio and live albums , sometimes warring with his recording company along the way . Young 's often distorted electric guitar work , deeply personal lyrics and signature tenor singing voice transcend his long career . Young also plays piano and harmonica on many albums which frequently combine folk , rock , blues and other musical styles . Known to rip up live set lists , Young often plays acoustic versions of songs in one show and electric versions in others . His gritty guitar work , especially with Crazy Horse , earned him the nickname `` Godfather of Grunge '' and led to his 1995 album Mirror Ball with Pearl Jam . More recently Young has been backed by Promise of the Real . Young directed -LRB- or co-directed -RRB- films using the pseudonym Bernard Shakey , including Journey Through the Past -LRB- 1973 -RRB- , Rust Never Sleeps -LRB- 1979 -RRB- , Human Highway -LRB- 1982 -RRB- , Greendale -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , and CSNY/D éjà Vu -LRB- 2008 -RRB- . He also contributed to the soundtracks of the films Philadelphia -LRB- 1993 -RRB- and Dead Man -LRB- 1995 -RRB- . Young has received several Grammy and Juno awards . The Rock & Roll Hall of Fame inducted him twice : as a solo artist in 1995 and in 1997 as a member of Buffalo Springfield . In 2000 , Rolling Stone named Young the 34th greatest rock 'n roll artist . He has lived in California since the 1960s but retains Canadian citizenship . He was awarded the Order of Manitoba on July 14 , 2006 , and was made an Officer of the Order of Canada on December 30 , 2009 .
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Neil Young -LRB- August 28 , 1936 -- March 7 , 2015 -RRB- was a Canadian politician . He was a New Democratic member of the Canadian parliament from 1980 to 1993 . He represented the downtown Toronto ridings of Beaches and Beaches-Woodbine .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Wachowskis directed a movie.
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Lana Wachowski -LRB- formerly Laurence `` Larry '' Wachowski , born June 21 , 1965 -RRB- and Lilly Wachowski -LRB- formerly Andrew Paul `` Andy '' Wachowski , born December 29 , 1967 -RRB- are American film directors , screenwriters , and producers . They are siblings , and are both trans women . Collectively known as The Wachowskis and formerly as The Wachowski Brothers , the pair made their directing debut in 1996 with Bound , and reached fame with their second film The Matrix -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , a major box office success for which they won the Saturn Award for Best Director . They wrote and directed its two sequels : The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions -LRB- both in 2003 -RRB- , and were deeply involved in the writing and production of other works in the franchise . Following the commercial success of The Matrix series , they wrote and produced the 2006 film V for Vendetta -LRB- an adaptation of the comic of the same name by Alan Moore -RRB- , and in 2008 released the film Speed Racer , which was a live-action adaptation of the Japanese anime series of the same name . Their next film , Cloud Atlas , based on the novel of the same name by David Mitchell and co-written and co-directed by Tom Tykwer , was released in 2012 . Their film Jupiter Ascending and the Netflix series Sense8 both debuted in 2015 . The siblings have worked as a writing and directing unit throughout their professional film careers from Bound through the first season of Sense8 . Following her gender transition , Lilly Wachowski took a break from active writing and directing ; Lana worked on the second season of Sense8 without her .
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Ashes and Diamonds -LRB- Polish : Popiół i diament -RRB- is a 1958 Polish film directed by Andrzej Wajda , based on the 1948 novel by Polish writer Jerzy Andrzejewski . It completed Wajda 's war films trilogy , following A Generation -LRB- 1954 -RRB- and Kanal -LRB- 1956 -RRB- . The title comes from a 19th-century poem by Cyprian Norwid and references the manner in which diamonds are formed from heat and pressure acting upon coal . Ashes and Diamonds is considered by film critics to be one of the great masterpieces of Polish cinema and arguably the finest Polish realist film . Martin Scorsese and Francis Ford Coppola have cited the film as one of their favourites . A critics ' poll by the Village Voice called it the 86th best film of all time .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Naver provides a news service and an email service.
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Naver -LRB- Hangul : 네이버 -RRB- is a popular Web portal in South Korea , owned by Naver Corporation . Naver was launched in June 1999 by ex-Samsung employees , and it debuted as the first Web portal in Japan that used its own proprietary search engine . Among Naver 's features is `` Comprehensive Search '' , launched in 2000 , which provides results from multiple categories on a single page . It has since added new services such as `` Knowledge Search '' , launched in 2002 . It also provides Internet services including a news service , an e-mail service , an academic thesis search service , and a children 's portal . In 2005 , Naver launched Happybean , the world 's first online donation portal , which allows users to find information and make donations to over 20,000 civil society and social welfare organizations . According to pitchone , Naver handled only 48 % of websearches in South Korea in 2016 . -LRB- According to techforkorea , Naver handled 77 % of all web searches in South Korea in July 2014 -RRB- Naver is the fifth most used search engine in the world , following Google search , Yahoo! , Baidu and Bing . More than 25 million Koreans have Naver as the default browser start page . Naver launched its service in Japan in 2009 , marking their first expansion out of Korea . In 2013 , Lee Hae-jin , the chairman and chief strategy of Naver , saw his stake value hover above 1 trillion won -LRB- US$ 939.4 million -RRB- on the back of its messenger service LINE .
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Vator , Inc. is a community-based website focused on the business of funding and building emerging technologies for startups . Vator operates a database of private-company profiles and a newsroom , covering technology and Internet trends through analysis and interviews . It combines social networking , industry news , and video to organize presentations about business opportunities within an online audience of entrepreneurs and investors . Vator is headquartered in San Francisco , California , with a bureau in Silicon Valley . Journalists and presenters include technology industry veterans such as Bambi Francisco and managing editor John Shinal from Business Week and MarketWatch .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Michael Giacchino composed the score for Ratatouille.
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Michael Giacchino -LRB- -LSB- dʒakˈkiːno -RSB- ; born October 10 , 1967 -RRB- is an American composer of music for films , television and video games . He composed the scores to the television series Lost , Alias and Fringe , the video ' game series Medal of Honor and Call of Duty and many films such as The Incredibles , Ratatouille , Up , Mission : Impossible - Ghost Protocol , Dawn of the Planet of the Apes , Jurassic World , Inside Out , Star Trek Beyond , Doctor Strange , Rogue One and Spider-Man : Homecoming . Giacchino has received an Emmy Award and multiple Grammy Awards , as well as a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for his work on Up .
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How to Train Your Dragon : Music from the Motion Picture is a soundtrack album composed by John Powell for the film of the same name and released by Varèse Sarabande on March 23 , 2010 . The score earned Powell his first Academy Award nomination and his third BAFTA nomination , which he lost to The Social Network and The King 's Speech , respectively . The score also won the International Film Music Critics Association 2011 Awards for Best Original Score for an Animated Feature and Film Score of the Year , and was nominated twice for Film Music Composition of the Year for the tracks `` Forbidden Friendship '' and `` Test Drive '' . The soundtrack received wide acclaim from professional music critics .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Captain America: The Winter Soldier premiered.
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Captain America : The Winter Soldier is a 2014 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . It is the sequel to 2011 's Captain America : The First Avenger and the ninth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe -LRB- MCU -RRB- . The film was directed by Anthony and Joe Russo , with a screenplay by Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely , who had also written The First Avenger . It stars Chris Evans as Captain America , leading an ensemble cast that includes Scarlett Johansson , Sebastian Stan , Anthony Mackie , Cobie Smulders , Frank Grillo , Emily VanCamp , Hayley Atwell , Robert Redford , and Samuel L. Jackson . In Captain America : The Winter Soldier , Captain America , Black Widow , and Falcon join forces to uncover a conspiracy within S.H.I.E.L.D. while facing a mysterious assassin known as the Winter Soldier . A major influence in The Winter Soldier was conspiracy fiction from the 1970s such as Three Days of the Condor , with the script also drawing from the Winter Soldier story arc written by Ed Brubaker . The script was written in 2011 , with the Russo brothers entering negotiations to direct in June 2012 and casting beginning the following month . Principal photography commenced in April 2013 in Los Angeles , California before moving to Washington , D.C. and Cleveland , Ohio . While the directors aimed for more realism , with focus on practical effects and intense stunt work , 2,500 visual effects shots were done by six different companies . Captain America : The Winter Soldier premiered in Los Angeles on March 13 , 2014 . It was released internationally on March 26 , 2014 , and in North America on April 4 , 2014 , in 2D , 3D , and IMAX 3D . The film became a critical and commercial success , grossing over $ 714 million worldwide . It also received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects . A sequel titled Captain America : Civil War also directed by the Russo brothers was released on May 6 , 2016 .
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The Sell Out is the ninth episode of the second series of the 1960s cult British spy-fi television series The Avengers , starring Patrick Macnee . It originally aired on ABC on 24 November 1962 . The episode was directed by Don Leaver and written by Brandon Brady and Anthony Terpiloff .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Mike Myers had a large role in a film that starred Brad Pitt.
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Michael John `` Mike '' Myers -LRB- born May 25 , 1963 -RRB- is a Canadian-born actor , comedian , screenwriter , and film producer , who also holds UK and US citizenship . He is known for his run as a featured performer on Saturday Night Live from 1989 to 1995 , and for playing the title roles in the Wayne 's World , Austin Powers , and Shrek films . He also directed the documentary film Supermensch : The Legend of Shep Gordon , and had a small role in Quentin Tarantino 's Inglourious Basterds in 2009 .
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Burnt is a 2015 American drama film directed by John Wells and written by Steven Knight , from a story by Michael Kalesniko . The film stars Bradley Cooper , Sienna Miller , Omar Sy , Daniel Brühl , Matthew Rhys , Riccardo Scamarcio , Alicia Vikander , Uma Thurman and Emma Thompson . The film was released on October 30 , 2015 , by The Weinstein Company .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Pacific Rim received reviews.
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Pacific Rim is a 2013 American science fiction monster film directed by Guillermo del Toro , and starring Charlie Hunnam , Idris Elba , Rinko Kikuchi , Charlie Day , Burn Gorman , Robert Kazinsky , Max Martini and Ron Perlman . The screenplay is by Travis Beacham and del Toro , with a story by Beacham . The film is set in the future , when Earth is at war with the Kaiju , colossal monsters which have emerged from an interdimensional portal on the bottom of the Pacific Ocean . To combat the monsters , humanity unites to create the Jaegers , gigantic humanoid mechas each controlled by at least two pilots , whose minds are joined by a mental link . Focusing on the war 's later days , the story follows Raleigh Becket , a washed-up Jaeger pilot called out of retirement and teamed with rookie pilot Mako Mori as part of a last-ditch effort to defeat the Kaiju . Principal photography began on November 14 , 2011 , in Toronto and lasted through April 2012 . The film was produced by Legendary Pictures and distributed by Warner Bros. . It was released on July 12 , 2013 , including in 3D and IMAX 3D , receiving generally positive reviews ; the visual effects , action sequences and the nostalgic style were highly praised . While it underperformed at the box office in the United States , it was highly successful in other markets . It earned a worldwide total of more than $ 411 million -- $ 114 million in China alone , its largest market -- becoming Del Toro 's most commercially successful film to date . A sequel titled Pacific Rim : Uprising , directed by Steven S. DeKnight and produced by Del Toro , and with Kikuchi , Day , and Gorman reprising their roles , is scheduled for release on February 23 , 2018 .
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Land of the Dead -LRB- also known as George A. Romero 's Land of the Dead -RRB- is a 2005 post-apocalyptic horror film written and directed by George A. Romero ; the fourth of Romero 's six Living Dead movies , it is preceded by Night of the Living Dead , Dawn of the Dead and Day of the Dead , and succeeded by Diary of the Dead and Survival of the Dead . It was released in 2005 , with a budget of $ 15 -- 19 million , the highest in the series , and became a success , grossing over $ 46 million . The story of Land of the Dead deals with a zombie assault on Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , where a feudal-like government exists . The survivors in the film have fled to the Golden Triangle area of downtown Pittsburgh . The region is protected on two sides by rivers and on the other by an electric barricade that survivors term `` the Throat . '' Released in North America on June 24 , 2005 , Land of the Dead received mostly positive reviews from film critics .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Grace Jones is a dancer.
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Grace Jones -LRB- born 19 May 1948 -RRB- is a Jamaican born singer , songwriter , lyricist , supermodel , record producer , and actress . Born in Jamaica , at age 13 she moved with her siblings to their parents ' home in Syracuse , New York . Jones began her modelling career in New York state , then in Paris , working for fashion houses such as Yves St. Laurent and Kenzo , and appearing on the covers of Elle and Vogue . She worked with photographers such as Helmut Newton , Guy Bourdin , and Hans Feurer , and became known for her distinctive androgynous appearance and bold features . In 1977 Jones secured a record deal with Island Records , initially becoming a star of New York City 's Studio 54-centered disco scene . In the early 1980s she moved toward a new wave style that drew on reggae , funk , post-punk , and pop music , frequently collaborating with both the graphic designer Jean-Paul Goude and the musical duo Sly & Robbie . Her most popular albums include Warm Leatherette -LRB- 1980 -RRB- , Nightclubbing -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , and Slave to the Rhythm -LRB- 1985 -RRB- . She scored Top 40 entries on the UK Singles Chart with `` Pull Up to the Bumper '' , `` I 've Seen That Face Before '' , `` Private Life '' , and `` Slave to the Rhythm '' . In 1982 , she released the music video collection A One Man Show , directed by Goude . Jones appeared in some low-budget films in the US during the 1970s and early 1980s . In 1984 she made her first mainstream appearance as Zula in the fantasy-action film Conan the Destroyer alongside Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sarah Douglas , and subsequently appeared in the 1985 James Bond movie A View to a Kill as May Day . In 1986 she played a vampire in Vamp , and acted in and contributed a song to the 1992 Eddie Murphy film Boomerang . She appeared alongside Tim Curry in the 2001 film Wolf Girl . For her work in Conan the Destroyer , A View to a Kill , and Vamp , she was nominated for Saturn Awards for Best Supporting Actress . In 1999 , Jones ranked 82nd on VH1 's 100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll , and in 2008 , she was honored with a Q Idol Award . Jones influenced the cross-dressing movement of the 1980s and has been an inspiration for artists including Annie Lennox , Lady Gaga , Rihanna , Lorde , Róisín Murphy , Brazilian Girls , Nile Rodgers , Santigold , Basement Jaxx and Stanka Brljevic . In December 2016 , Billboard magazine ranked her as the 40th most successful dance artist of all time .
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Paris Jones -LRB- born March 14 , 1990 -RRB- , professionally known as PJ , is a Los Angeles-based singer-songwriter and producer from Greensboro , NC . Jones began her career as a songwriter , and has written for Wiz Khalifa , Usher , Chris Brown , Charlie Puth & Fantasia . She categorizes her sound as `` Come Up Music '' , and does n't hold herself to one specific genre . PJ released her Atlantic Records five-song debut EP , Walking Around Pools , in March 2015 . On July 15 , 2016 , she released her debut album , Rare , which has features from G.Eazy and Ty Dolla $ ign .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Optimus Prime is absent from Transformers: Age of Extinction.
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Transformers : Age of Extinction is a 2014 American science fiction action film based on the Transformers franchise . It is the fourth installment of the live-action Transformers film series and a stand-alone sequel to 2011 's Transformers : Dark of the Moon , taking place five years after its events . Like its predecessors , it was directed by Michael Bay and written by Ehren Kruger , with Steven Spielberg and Bay as executive producers . It stars Mark Wahlberg , with Peter Cullen reprising his role as the voice of Optimus Prime , as the lead roles . It is the first film in the series to not feature the original human characters from the first three films , but features a new cast of human characters and many new Transformers including : the Dinobots , Lockdown , Stinger , Junkheap , Hound , Crosshairs and Drift . Returning Transformers include : Optimus Prime , Bumblebee , Ratchet , Leadfoot , Brains and Megatron -LRB- now known as Galvatron -RRB- . The film was released on June 27 , 2014 , in IMAX and 3D . Transformers : Age of Extinction was panned by critics , many of whom considered it poorly directed , badly acted , and terribly written . According to Rotten Tomatoes , it is the worst reviewed film in the series , holding an 18 % approval rating . It also received seven nominations at the 35th Golden Raspberry Awards , including Worst Picture and Worst Prequel , Remake , Rip-off or Sequel , with Bay and Kelsey Grammer winning the awards for Worst Director and Worst Supporting Actor respectively . The film grossed over $ 1.104 billion worldwide , making it the highest-grossing film of 2014 , the second highest-grossing film in the Transformers series , the 19th film to gross over $ 1 billion , and the 16th highest-grossing film of all time . It was the only film to gross over $ 1 billion in 2014 . A sequel , Transformers : The Last Knight , is set to be released on June 21 , 2017 , with Cullen , Tucci , and Wahlberg returning , and Bay directing .
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is a Japanese light novel series written by Minoru Kawakami and illustrated by Satoyasu . The series is set in the distant future when Japan has been conquered by other countries and divided up into feudal territories . The series is part of a six-stage -LRB- particularly the fourth one , called `` Genesis '' -RRB- chronicle universe , with Minoru 's other light novels -LRB- including Owari no Chronicle , the series pre-prequel -RRB- encompassing the other five . A 13-episode anime adaptation by Sunrise aired between October and December 2011 . A 13-episode second season aired between July and September 2012 . Both seasons have been licensed and released on DVD and Blu-ray by Sentai Filmworks in North America and Manga Entertainment in the UK . A video game adaptation for the PlayStation Portable titled was developed by Tenky , and was released in Japan on April 25 , 2013 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.World War II included the Battle of Britain.
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World War II -LRB- often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 -RRB- , also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945 , although related conflicts began earlier . It involved the vast majority of the world 's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread war in history , and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries . In a state of `` total war '' , the major participants threw their entire economic , industrial , and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources . Marked by mass deaths of civilians , including the Holocaust -LRB- in which approximately 11 million people were killed -RRB- and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres -LRB- in which approximately one million were killed , and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki -RRB- , it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities . These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history . The Empire of Japan aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific and was already at war with the Republic of China in 1937 , but the world war is generally said to have begun on 1 September 1939 with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and the United Kingdom . Supplied by the Soviet Union , from late 1939 to early 1941 , in a series of campaigns and treaties , Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe , and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan . Under the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939 , Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours , Poland , Finland , Romania and the Baltic states . The war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the coalition of the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth , with campaigns including the North Africa and East Africa campaigns , the aerial Battle of Britain , the Blitz bombing campaign , the Balkan Campaign as well as the long-running Battle of the Atlantic . On 22 June 1941 , the European Axis powers launched an invasion of the Soviet Union , opening the largest land theatre of war in history , which trapped the major part of the Axis ' military forces into a war of attrition . In December 1941 , Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean , and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific . The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway , near Hawaii , and Germany was defeated in North Africa and then , decisively , at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union . In 1943 , with a series of German defeats on the Eastern Front , the Allied invasion of Sicily and the Allied invasion of Italy which brought about Italian surrender , and Allied victories in the Pacific , the Axis lost the initiative and undertook strategic retreat on all fronts . In 1944 , the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France , while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies . During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma , while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy and captured key Western Pacific islands . The war in Europe concluded with an invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union , culminating in the capture of Berlin by Soviet troops and the subsequent German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945 . Following the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July 1945 and the refusal of Japan to surrender under its terms , the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 August and 9 August respectively . With an invasion of the Japanese archipelago imminent , the possibility of additional atomic bombings , and the Soviet Union 's declaration of war on Japan and invasion of Manchuria , Japan surrendered on 15 August 1945 . Thus ended the war in Asia , cementing the total victory of the Allies . World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world . The United Nations -LRB- UN -RRB- was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts . The victorious great powers -- the United States , the Soviet Union , China , the United Kingdom , and France -- became the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council . The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers , setting the stage for the Cold War , which lasted for the next 46 years . Meanwhile , the influence of European great powers waned , while the decolonisation of Asia and Africa began . Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery . Political integration , especially in Europe , emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities and to create a common identity .
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The Time line of the British Army 1900 -- 1999 lists the conflicts and wars the British Army were involved in . Boxer Rebellion ended 1901 Anglo-Aro War 1901 -- 1902 Second Boer War ended 1902 World War I 1914 -- 1918 Easter Rising 1916 Third Anglo Marri War 1917 Third Afghan War 1919 Irish War of Independence 1919 -- 1921 World War II 1939 -- 1945 Normandy landings 1945 Malayan Emergency 1948 -- 1960 Korean War 1950 -- 1953 Mau Mau Uprising 1952 -- 1960 Vietnam War 1955 -- 1975 Cypriot Independence 1955 -- 1959 Suez Crisis 1956 -- 1957 Brunei Revolt 1962 -- 1966 Indonesia -- Malaysia confrontation 1962-1966 Dhofar Rebellion 1962 -- 1975 Aden Emergency 1968 -- 1998 The Troubles 1968 -- 1998 Operation Banner 1969 -- 2007 Falklands War 1982 Gulf War 1990 -- 1991 Yugoslav wars 1991 -- 2001 Bosnian War 1992 -- 1995 Kosovo War 1998 -- 1999
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.David Schwimmer played the title character in the 2005 drama Duane Hopwood.
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David Lawrence Schwimmer -LRB- born November 2 , 1966 -RRB- is an American actor , director , and producer . He was born in Flushing , Queens , New York , and his family moved to Los Angeles when he was 2 . He began his acting career performing in school plays at Beverly Hills High School . In 1988 , he graduated from Northwestern University with a Bachelor of Arts in theater and speech . After graduation , Schwimmer co-founded the Lookingglass Theatre Company . For much of the late 1980s , he lived in Los Angeles as a struggling , unemployed actor . He starred in the television movie A Deadly Silence in 1989 and appeared in a number of television roles , including on L.A. Law , The Wonder Years , NYPD Blue , and Monty , in the early 1990s . Schwimmer later gained worldwide recognition for playing Ross Geller in the sitcom Friends , for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 1995 . His first leading film role was in The Pallbearer -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , followed by roles in Kissing a Fool -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , Six Days , Seven Nights -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , Apt Pupil , and Picking Up the Pieces -LRB- 2000 -RRB- . He was then cast in the miniseries Band of Brothers -LRB- 2001 -RRB- as Herbert Sobel . After the series finale of Friends in 2004 , Schwimmer was cast as the title character in the 2005 drama Duane Hopwood . Other film roles include the voice of Melman the Giraffe in the computer-animated Madagascar film franchise , the dark comedy Big Nothing -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , and the thriller Nothing But the Truth -LRB- 2008 -RRB- . Schwimmer made his West End stage debut in the leading role in Some Girl -LRB- s -RRB- in 2005 . In 2006 , he made his Broadway debut in The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial . Schwimmer made his feature film directorial debut with the 2007 comedy Run Fatboy Run . The following year he made his Off-Broadway directorial debut in the 2008 production , Fault Lines . In 2016 , he starred as lawyer Robert Kardashian in American Crime Story , for which he received his second Emmy nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie .
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Mortuary is a 2005 American zombie film directed by Tobe Hooper . It stars Dan Byrd , Alexandra Adi and Denise Crosby . This film has no connection to the 1983 film of the same name .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Uzumaki is the last name of Naruto.
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is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Masashi Kishimoto . It tells the story of Naruto Uzumaki , an adolescent ninja who searches for recognition and dreams of becoming the Hokage , the leader of his village . The story divided into two parts , the first set in Naruto 's preteen years , and the second in his teens . The series is based on two one-shot manga by Kishimoto . The first one , titled Karakuri , released in 1995 by Shueisha , earned Kishimoto an honorable mention in Shueisha 's monthly Hop Step Award in 1996 . The second one , titled Naruto , published in the summer 1997 issue of Akamaru Jump . Naruto was serialized in Shueisha 's Weekly Shōnen Jump magazine from September 21 , 1999 , to November 10 , 2014 . Seventy-two tankōbon volumes were released . It currently is the third best-selling manga series in history , selling more than 220 million copies worldwide . The manga later adapted into an anime television produced by Studio Pierrot and Aniplex . It premiered across Japan on the terrestrial TV Tokyo and other TX Network stations on October 3 , 2002 , and ended on February 8 , 2007 , with 220 episodes . The English adaptation of the series premiered on Cartoon Network 's programming block named Toonami on September 10 , 2005 , and concluded on January 31 , 2009 . Naruto : Shippuden , a sequel to the original series , aired from February 15 , 2007 , to March 23 , 2017 , with 500 episodes . The English adaptation was broadcast on Disney XD from October 28 , 2009 , to November 5 , 2011 , and on Adult Swim 's Toonami block in January 2014 . Besides the anime series , Studio Pierrot has developed eleven movies and several original video animations -LRB- OVAs -RRB- . Other types of merchandise include light novels , video games , and trading cards developed by several companies . Viz Media has licensed the manga and anime for North American production . Viz serialized Naruto in their digital Weekly Shonen Jump magazine , publishing the individual volumes . The anime series began airing in the United States and Canada in 2005 , and in the United Kingdom and Australia in 2006 and 2007 , respectively . The films and most OVAs from the series were also released by Viz , with the first film premiering in movie theaters . Viz Media began streaming the two anime series on their streaming service Neon Alley in December 2012 . The story of Naruto continues with Naruto 's son , Boruto Uzumaki , in Boruto : Naruto Next Generations . Boruto wishes to create his own ninja way instead of following his father 's .
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is a masculine Japanese given name .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Colin Firth was in Pride & Prejudice.
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Colin Andrew Firth , -LRB- born 10 September 1960 -RRB- is an English actor . His films have grossed more than $ 3 billion from 42 releases worldwide . Firth has received an Academy Award , a Golden Globe Award , two BAFTA Awards , and three Screen Actors Guild Awards , as well as the Volpi Cup . Firth 's most notable and acclaimed role to date has been his 2010 portrayal of King George VI in The King 's Speech , a performance that earned him an Oscar and multiple worldwide best actor awards . Identified in the late 1980s with the `` Brit Pack '' of rising , young British actors , it was not until Firth 's portrayal of Mr. Darcy in the 1995 television adaptation of Jane Austen 's Pride and Prejudice that he received more widespread attention . This led to roles in films such as The English Patient , Bridget Jones 's Diary -LRB- for which Firth was nominated for a BAFTA -RRB- , Shakespeare in Love , and Love Actually . In 2009 , Firth received widespread critical acclaim for his leading role in A Single Man , for which Firth gained his first Academy Award nomination , and won a BAFTA Award . Firth starred in the action spy movie Kingsman : The Secret Service in 2014 , which was a commercial success and received generally positive reviews . In 2011 , Firth received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , and was also selected as one of the Time 100 . He was awarded an honorary degree from the University of Winchester in 2007 , and was made a Freeman of the City of London in 2012 . He has campaigned for the rights of indigenous tribal peoples , and is a member of Survival International . Firth has also campaigned on issues of asylum seekers , refugees ' rights , and the environment . He commissioned and is credited as a co-author on a scientific paper on a study into the differences in brain structure between people of differing political orientations .
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Simon John Cadell -LRB- 19 July 1950 -- 6 March 1996 -RRB- was an English actor , best known for his portrayal of Jeffrey Fairbrother in the first five series of the BBC situation comedy Hi-de-Hi ! .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Flash only ever had two seasons.
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The Flash is an American television series developed by Greg Berlanti , Andrew Kreisberg and Geoff Johns , airing on The CW . It is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash , a costumed superhero crime-fighter with the power to move at superhuman speeds . It is a spin-off from Arrow , existing in the same fictional universe . The series follows Allen , portrayed by Grant Gustin , a crime scene investigator who gains super-human speed , which he uses to fight criminals , including others who have also gained superhuman abilities . Initially envisioned as a backdoor pilot , the positive reception Gustin received during two appearances as Barry on Arrow led to executives choosing to develop a full pilot to make use of a larger budget and help flesh out Barry 's world in more detail . Colleen Atwood , costume designer for Arrow , was brought in to design the Flash 's suit . The creative team wanted to make sure that the Flash would resemble his comic book counterpart , and not simply be a poor imitation . The series is primarily filmed in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada . The Flash premiered in North America on October 7 , 2014 , where the pilot became the second-most watched premiere in the history of The CW , after The Vampire Diaries in 2009 . It has been well received by critics and audiences , and won the People 's Choice Award for `` Favorite New TV Drama '' in 2014 . The series was renewed for a third season in March 2016 , which premiered on October 4 , 2016 . The series , together with Arrow , has spun characters out to their own show , Legends of Tomorrow , which premiered on January 21 , 2016 . On January 8 , 2017 , The CW renewed the show for a fourth season .
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Jericho is an American television drama series produced by Carol Barbee , Jon Turteltaub , Dan Shotz , Jonathan Steinberg , Josh Schaer , and Stephen Chbosky . The series is set in the fictional town of Jericho , Kansas in the aftermath of the simultaneous nuclear attacks on 23 American cities . Significant story arcs in the first season are the immediate aftermath of detonation of the bombs , the resulting isolation of the town , and confrontations between family , friends , bandits , and neighboring towns . The second season focuses on the arrival of a new federal government , the imposition of a police state , and Jake Green 's -LRB- Skeet Ulrich -RRB- and Robert Hawkins ' -LRB- Lennie James -RRB- attempt to expose the masterminds behind the attack . Jericho originally aired from September 20 , 2006 to March 25 , 2008 on CBS in the United States . For the first season , 22 episodes were ordered and separated into two runs of 11 episodes each . The series went on hiatus after the `` fall finale '' episode of November 29 , 2006 , and returned with a recap episode on February 14 , 2007 . The remaining 11 episodes of the first season were then broadcast from February 21 , 2007 to May 9 , 2007 . Because of lackluster results during the latter half of the first season , the show was not renewed . After a large fan outcry CBS ordered seven additional episodes for a trial second season , which began airing on February 12 , 2008 and ended on March 25 , 2008 . Though the second season received favorable reviews , it was ultimately canceled . Seasons one and two of Jericho have been released on DVD for Regions 1 , 2 , and 4 and a `` Complete Series '' DVD has been released for Region 1 and 2 . Episodes of Jericho are also available in various new media formats . iTunes , Amazon Unbox and Netflix sell the episodes , and CBS streams the episodes for free on its website . The series did exceptionally well online , which was a complicating factor in deciding to cancel the series .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Alkaline Trio released an album in 2001.
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Alkaline Trio is an American punk rock band from McHenry , Illinois . The band consists of guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba , bassist and vocalist Dan Andriano , and drummer Derek Grant . Founded in late 1996 by Skiba , bassist Rob Doran , and drummer Glenn Porter , Alkaline Trio released its debut single , `` Sundials '' , in 1997 . Following its release , Doran departed from the band and was replaced by Andriano . The band subsequently recorded an EP , For Your Lungs Only -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , and its debut studio album , Goddamnit -LRB- 1998 -RRB- . Following the release of the band 's second album , Maybe I 'll Catch Fire -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , Porter left the band and was replaced by Mike Felumlee for its subsequent album , From Here to Infirmary -LRB- 2001 -RRB- . Backed by the singles `` Stupid Kid '' and `` Private Eye '' , From Here to Infirmary significantly increased the band 's exposure , and its follow-up , Good Mourning -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , charted highly on the Billboard 200 . Good Mourning marked the recording debut of current drummer Derek Grant . In 2005 , the band released Crimson which expanded upon the band 's punk rock influences , with prominent overdubs and additional instrumentation , and continued with this direction on Agony & Irony -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , which was released on V2 Records . In 2010 , the band released This Addiction on its own label Heart & Skull and Epitaph . Recorded in the band 's home town of Chicago , with early producer Matt Allison , the album was a conscious effort by the band to return to their punk rock roots ; it became the highest charting album of their career , debuting on the Billboard 200 at No. 11 . In 2011 , the band celebrated its 15-year anniversary with the release of Damnesia , which featured new , acoustic-based recordings of songs from across the band 's career . The band 's eighth studio album , My Shame Is True , was released on April 2 , 2013 .
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Three is the third studio album by the American indie band The Black Heart Procession . It was released on September 5 , 2000 on Touch and Go Records .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Iraq's fifth prime minister was Saddam Hussein.
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Iraq -LRB- -LSB- ɪˈræk -RSB- , -LSB- ɪˈrɑːk -RSB- , or -LSB- aɪˈræk -RSB- العراق ; عێراق -RRB- , officially known as the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia , bordered by Turkey to the north , Iran to the east , Kuwait to the southeast , Saudi Arabia to the south , Jordan to the southwest , and Syria to the west . The capital , and largest city , is Baghdad . The main ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds ; others include Assyrians , Turkmen , Shabakis , Yazidis , Armenians , Mandeans , Circassians , and Kawliya . Around 95 % of the country 's 36 million citizens are Muslims , with Christianity , Yarsan , Yezidism , and Mandeanism also present . The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish . Iraq has a coastline measuring 58 km on the northern Persian Gulf and encompasses the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain , the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range , and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert . Two major rivers , the Tigris and Euphrates , run south through Iraq and into the Shatt al-Arab near the Persian Gulf . These rivers provide Iraq with significant amounts of fertile land . The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers , historically known as Mesopotamia , is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation . It was here that mankind first began to read , write , create laws , and live in cities under an organised government -- notably Uruk , from which `` Iraq '' is derived . The area has been home to successive civilisations since the 6th millennium BC . Iraq was the centre of the Akkadian , Sumerian , Assyrian , and Babylonian empires . It was also part of the Median , Achaemenid , Hellenistic , Parthian , Sassanid , Roman , Rashidun , Umayyad , Abbasid , Ayyubid , Mongol , Safavid , Afsharid , and Ottoman empires . Iraq 's modern borders were mostly demarcated in 1920 by the League of Nations when the Ottoman Empire was divided by the Treaty of Sèvres . Iraq was placed under the authority of the United Kingdom as the British Mandate of Mesopotamia . A monarchy was established in 1921 and the Kingdom of Iraq gained independence from Britain in 1932 . In 1958 , the monarchy was overthrown and the Iraqi Republic created . Iraq was controlled by the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party from 1968 until 2003 . After an invasion by the United States and its allies in 2003 , Saddam Hussein 's Ba'ath Party was removed from power and multi-party parliamentary elections were held in 2005 . The American presence in Iraq ended in 2011 , but the Iraqi insurgency continued and intensified as fighters from the Syrian Civil War spilled into the country .
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This article concerns the formation process of the Al Maliki I Government of Iraq in the aftermath of the Iraq National Assembly being elected on December 15 , 2005 . Due to disputes over alleged vote-rigging the results of the election were only certified by the Independent Electoral Commission of Iraq on February 10 , 2006 . Under the constitution of Iraq , the first meeting of the Assembly should have taken place by March 12 , 2006 , one month after certification of the election . The Assembly should have elected the Speaker in its first session , the President no more than fifteen days later , the Prime Minister no more than fifteen days after the President , and the Cabinet no more than thirty days after the Prime Minister . If any of these deadlines were not met a new election should have been held . However , similar deadlines have been missed before in Iraq -- for example with the drafting of the constitution of Iraq -- without the legal consequence occurring .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Loving tells the story of Richard and Mildred Loving.
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Loving is a 2016 American historical drama film which tells the story of Richard and Mildred Loving , the plaintiffs in the 1967 U.S. Supreme Court decision Loving v. Virginia , which invalidated state laws prohibiting interracial marriage . The film was produced by Big Beach and Raindog Films , and distributed by Focus Features . The film takes inspiration from The Loving Story -LRB- 2011 -RRB- by Nancy Buirski , a documentary which follows the Lovings and their landmark case . The film was directed by Jeff Nichols , who also wrote the screenplay . Joel Edgerton stars as Richard Loving , with Ruth Negga co-starring as Mildred Loving . Marton Csokas , Nick Kroll , and Michael Shannon are all featured in supporting roles . Principal photography began in Richmond , Virginia on September 16 , 2015 and ended on November 19 . The locations used for Loving were mainly based in Richmond , also in King and Queen County , Caroline County , Central Point , and Bowling Green . Loving began a limited release in the United States on November 4 , 2016 , before a wide release on November 11 , 2016 . The film received positive reviews , and was named one of the best films of 2016 by several media outlets . The film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival , and was nominated for numerous awards , including a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor for Edgerton and Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations for Negga .
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Lovers -LRB- Amantes -RRB- is a 1991 Spanish film noir written and directed by Vicente Aranda , starring Victoria Abril , Jorge Sanz and Maribel Verdú . The film brought Aranda to widespread attention in the English-speaking world . It won two Goya Awards -LRB- Best Film and Best Director -RRB- and is considered one of the best Spanish films of the 90s .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Sleeping Beauty featured the performance of Emily Browning.
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Emily Jane Browning -LRB- born 7 December 1988 -RRB- is an Australian actress and singer . Browning made her film debut in the Australian television film The Echo of Thunder , subsequently , she played recurring roles in the Australian television shows Blue Heelers and Something in the Air . Her breakthrough role was in the 2002 horror film Ghost Ship , which introduced her to a wider audience . In 2005 , Browning won the Australian Film Institute International Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of Violet Baudelaire in the film Lemony Snicket 's A Series of Unfortunate Events -LRB- 2004 -RRB- . Browning is also known for her roles in the horror film The Uninvited -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , the action film Sucker Punch -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , and the independent drama Sleeping Beauty -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . She was named the Breakthrough Performer of The Year by Hamptons International Film Festival in 2011 for her role in Sleeping Beauty . Her other films include The Host -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , Pompeii -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and Legend -LRB- 2015 -RRB- .
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Sleepwalkers -LRB- also known as Stephen King 's Sleepwalkers -RRB- is a 1992 American horror film written by Stephen King and directed by Mick Garris . The film stars Brian Krause , Mädchen Amick , and Alice Krige .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Azerbaijan's major political forces are secular.
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Azerbaijan -LRB- -LSB- æzərbaɪˈʒɑːn -RSB- ; Azərbaycan -RRB- , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan -LRB- Azərbaycan Respublikası -RRB- , is a country in the South Caucasus region , situated at the crossroads of Southwest Asia and Southeastern Europe . It is bound by the Caspian Sea to the east , Russia to the north , Georgia to the northwest , Armenia to the west and Iran to the south . The exclave of Nakhchivan is bound by Armenia to the north and east , Iran to the south and west , while having an 11 km border with Turkey in the north west . The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic proclaimed its independence in 1918 and became the first democratic state in the Muslim orient world . The country was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1920 as the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic . The modern Republic of Azerbaijan proclaimed its independence on 30 August 1991 , prior to the official dissolution of the USSR in December 1991 . In September 1991 , the Armenian majority of the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region seceded to form the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic . The region and seven adjacent districts outside it became de facto independent with the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994 . These regions are internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan pending a solution to the status of the Nagorno-Karabakh , found through negotiations facilitated by the OSCE . Azerbaijan is a unitary semi-presidential republic . The country is a member state of the Council of Europe , the OSCE and the NATO Partnership for Peace -LRB- PfP -RRB- program . It is one of six independent Turkic states , an active member of the Turkic Council and the TÜRKSOY community . Azerbaijan has diplomatic relations with 158 countries and holds membership in 38 international organizations . It is one of the founding members of GUAM , the Commonwealth of Independent States -LRB- CIS -RRB- and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons . A member of the United Nations since 1992 after its independence , Azerbaijan was elected to membership in the newly established Human Rights Council by the United Nations General Assembly on 9 May 2006 . Its term of office began on 19 June 2006 . Azerbaijan is also a member state of the Non-Aligned Movement , holds observer status in World Trade Organization and is a correspondent at the International Telecommunication Union . The Constitution of Azerbaijan does not declare an official religion and all major political forces in the country are secularist . However , the majority of the population are of a Shiite Muslim background . Most Azerbaijanis however , do not actively practice any religion , and the country has been seen to be one of the most irreligious countries in the Muslim world , with 53 % stating religion has little to no importance in their lives , according to Pew Research Center and Gallup polls . Azerbaijan has a high level of human development which ranks on par with most Eastern European countries . It has a high rate of economic development and literacy , as well as a low rate of unemployment . According to the Davos World Economic Forum , Azerbaijan 's economy has scored 37th place within 138 countries in 2016 . Global Competitiveness Index 2015 indicates that Azerbaijan scores highest in its region . ASAN services , established with Presidential Decree , are countrywide known for eliminating bribery and corruption in the provision of public services . ASAN Service has been awarded with United Nations ' Public Service Award 2015 , which is the most prestigious award in the world in the field of public service delivery . The ruling party , the New Azerbaijan Party , has been accused of authoritarianism and human rights abuses .
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Pakistani nationalism refers to the political , cultural , linguistic , historical , -LSB- commonly -RSB- religious and geographical expression of patriotism by the people of Pakistan , of pride in the history , heritage and identity of Pakistan , and visions for its future . Unlike the secular nationalism of most other countries , Pakistani nationalism and the religion of Islam have often not been mutually exclusive and religion is often a part of the Pakistani nationalist narrative . From a political point of view and in the years leading up to the independence of Pakistan , the particular political and ideological foundations for the actions of the Muslim League can be called a Pakistani nationalist ideology . It is a singular combination of philosophical , nationalistic , cultural and religious elements . Most of modern-day Pakistani nationalism is centered on the common Indo-Iranian identity and heritage of 99 % of the population . Baloch , Kashmiris , Mohajirs , Punjabis , Pakhtuns and Sindhis and minorities are mainly of Indo-Iranian stock . It also refers to the consciousness and expression of religious influences that help mould the national consciousness . Nationalism describes the many underlying forces that moulded the Pakistan movement , and strongly continue to influence the politics of Pakistan .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Tetris was designed by Alexey Pajitnov.
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Tetris -LRB- , pronounced -LSB- ˈtɛtrʲɪs -RSB- -RRB- is a tile-matching puzzle video game , originally designed and programmed by Russian game designer Alexey Pajitnov . It was released on June 6 , 1984 , while he was working for the Dorodnitsyn Computing Centre of the Academy of Science of the USSR in Moscow . He derived its name from the Greek numerical prefix tetra - -LRB- all of the game 's pieces contain four segments -RRB- and tennis , Pajitnov 's favorite sport . Tetris was the first entertainment software to be exported from the USSR to the US , where it was published by Spectrum HoloByte for Commodore 64 and IBM PC . The Tetris game is a popular use of tetrominoes , the four-element special case of polyominoes . Polyominoes have been used in popular puzzles since at least 1907 , and the name was given by the mathematician Solomon W. Golomb in 1953 . However , even the enumeration of pentominoes is dated to antiquity . The game -LRB- or one of its many variants -RRB- is available for nearly every video game console and computer operating system , as well as on devices such as graphing calculators , mobile phones , portable media players , PDAs , Network music players and even as an Easter egg on non-media products like oscilloscopes . It has even inspired Tetris serving dishes and been played on the sides of various buildings . While versions of Tetris were sold for a range of 1980s home computer platforms as well as arcades , it was the hugely successful handheld version for the Game Boy launched in 1989 that established the game as one of the most popular ever . Electronic Gaming Monthly '' 's 100th issue had Tetris in first place as `` Greatest Game of All Time '' . In 2007 , Tetris came in second place in IGN 's `` 100 Greatest Video Games of All Time '' . In January 2010 , it was announced that the Tetris franchise had sold more than 170 million copies , approximately 70 million physical copies and over 100 million copies for cell phones , making it the best selling paid-downloaded game of all time . On 14 March 2014 , The Tetris Company announced a deal to bring Tetris '' to two of the latest hardware platforms , the Xbox One and PlayStation 4 , in partnership with Ubisoft -LRB- publishing -RRB- and SoMa Play -LRB- development -RRB- , to coincide with the franchise 's 30th anniversary .
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Aether is a video game designed by Edmund McMillen and Tyler Glaiel and published by Armor Games , released on September 3 , 2008 . Players control a lonely boy and an octopus-like monster that the boy encounters , solving puzzles on different planets to restore them from monochrome to color . The pair travel through space by swinging on clouds and asteroids with the monster 's elongated tongue , searching other planets for life to which the boy can relate . It is also a part of The Basement Collection . McMillen and Glaiel created the game and developed it in 14 days . Both developers expressed interest in seeing a version being released on the Wii game console through the WiiWare online service . Aether received a positive response from video game blogs for its unusual visual style and atmosphere . The single looped piece of background music received a mixed response and the controls were highlighted as an area of the game that could have been improved before release .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Ted Kaczynski is also known as the Unabomber.
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Theodore John Kaczynski -LRB- -LSB- kəˈzɪnski -RSB- born May 22 , 1942 -RRB- , also known as the `` Unabomber '' , is an American serial killer , domestic terrorist , and self-professed anarchist . A mathematical prodigy , he abandoned a promising academic career in 1969 , then between 1978 and 1995 killed three people , and injured 23 others , in a nationwide bombing campaign targeting people involved with modern technology . In conjunction with this campaign he issued a wide-ranging social critique opposing industrialization and modern technology , and advancing a nature-centered form of anarchism . Kaczynski was born and raised in Evergreen Park , Illinois . While growing up in Evergreen Park he was a child prodigy , excelling academically from an early age . Kaczynski was accepted into Harvard University at the age of 16 , where he earned an undergraduate degree . He subsequently earned a PhD in mathematics from the University of Michigan . He became an assistant professor at the University of California , Berkeley in 1967 at age 25 . He resigned two years later . As a Harvard undergraduate , Kaczynski was among twenty-two students who were research subjects in ethically questionable experiments conducted by psychology professor Henry Murray from late 1959 to early 1962 . In 1971 , he moved to a remote cabin without electricity or running water in Lincoln , Montana , where he lived as a recluse while learning survival skills in an attempt to become self-sufficient . Seventeen years after beginning his mail bomb campaign , Kaczynski sent a letter to The New York Times on April 24 , 1995 and promised `` to desist from terrorism '' if the Times or The Washington Post published his manifesto , Industrial Society and Its Future -LRB- the `` Unabomber Manifesto '' -RRB- , in which he argued that his bombings were extreme but necessary to attract attention to the erosion of human freedom necessitated by modern technologies requiring large-scale organization . The Unabomber was the target of one of the Federal Bureau of Investigation 's costliest investigations . Before Kaczynski 's identity was known , the FBI used the title `` UNABOM '' -LRB- UNiversity & Airline BOMber -RRB- to refer to his case , which resulted in the media calling him the Unabomber . The FBI -LRB- as well as Attorney General Janet Reno -RRB- pushed for the publication of Kaczynski 's `` Manifesto '' , which led to his sister-in-law , and then his brother , recognizing Kaczynski 's style of writing and beliefs from the manifesto , and tipping off the FBI . Kaczynski tried unsuccessfully to dismiss his court-appointed lawyers because they wanted to plead insanity in order to avoid the death penalty , as Kaczynski did not believe he was insane . When it became clear that his pending trial would entail national television exposure for Kaczynski , the court entered a plea agreement , under which he pleaded guilty and was sentenced to life in prison with no possibility of parole . He has been designated a `` domestic terrorist '' by the FBI . Some anarcho-primitivist authors , such as John Zerzan and John Moore , have come to his defense , while also holding some reservations about his actions and ideas .
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The Weather Underground Organization -LRB- WUO -RRB- , commonly known as the Weather Underground , was an American militant radical left-wing organization founded on the Ann Arbor campus of the University of Michigan . Originally called Weatherman , the group became known colloquially as the Weathermen . Weatherman organized in 1969 as a faction of Students for a Democratic Society -LRB- SDS -RRB- composed for the most part of the national office leadership of SDS and their supporters . Their goal was to create a clandestine revolutionary party for the overthrow of the U.S. Government . With revolutionary positions characterized by black power and opposition to the Vietnam War , the group conducted a campaign of bombings through the mid-1970s and took part in actions such as the jailbreak of Dr. Timothy Leary . The `` Days of Rage '' , their first public demonstration on October 8 , 1969 , was a riot in Chicago timed to coincide with the trial of the Chicago Seven . In 1970 the group issued a `` Declaration of a State of War '' against the United States government , under the name `` Weather Underground Organization '' . The bombing campaign targeted mostly government buildings , along with several banks . The group stated that the government had been exploiting other nations by waging war as a means of solidifying America as a greater nation . Most were preceded by evacuation warnings , along with communiqués identifying the particular matter that the attack was intended to protest . No people were killed in any of their acts of property destruction , although three members of the group were killed in the Greenwich Village townhouse explosion . For the bombing of the United States Capitol on March 1 , 1971 , they issued a communiqué saying that it was `` in protest of the U.S. invasion of Laos '' . For the bombing of the Pentagon on May 19 , 1972 , they stated that it was `` in retaliation for the U.S. bombing raid in Hanoi '' . For the January 29 , 1975 bombing of the United States Department of State building , they stated that it was `` in response to the escalation in Vietnam '' . The Weathermen grew out of the Revolutionary Youth Movement -LRB- RYM -RRB- faction of SDS . It took its name from Bob Dylan 's lyric , `` You do n't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows '' , from the song `` Subterranean Homesick Blues '' -LRB- 1965 -RRB- . `` You Do n't Need a Weatherman to Know Which Way the Wind Blows '' was the title of a position paper that they distributed at an SDS convention in Chicago on June 18 , 1969 . This founding document called for a `` white fighting force '' to be allied with the `` Black Liberation Movement '' and other radical movements to achieve `` the destruction of U.S. imperialism and achieve a classless world : world communism '' . The Weathermen began to disintegrate after the United States reached a peace accord in Vietnam in 1973 , after which the New Left declined in influence . By 1977 , the organization was defunct .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Southeast Asia contains the Khmer Empire.
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The Khmer Empire , officially the Angkor Empire , the predecessor state to modern Cambodia -LRB- `` Kampuchea '' or `` Srok Khmer '' to the Khmer people -RRB- , was a powerful Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia . The empire , which grew out of the former kingdoms of Funan and Chenla , at times ruled over and/or vassalised most of mainland Southeast Asia . Its greatest legacy is Angkor , in present-day Cambodia , which was the site of the capital city during the empire 's zenith . The majestic monuments of Angkor -- such as Angkor Wat and Bayon -- bear testimony to the Khmer Empire 's immense power and wealth , impressive art and culture , architectural technique and aesthetics achievements , as well as the variety of belief systems that it patronised over time . Satellite imaging has revealed that Angkor , during its peak in the 11th to 13th centuries , was the largest pre-industrial urban centre in the world . The beginning of the era of the Khmer Empire is conventionally dated to 802 CE . In this year , King Jayavarman II had himself declared chakravartin -LRB- `` king of the world '' , or `` king of kings '' -RRB- on Phnom Kulen . The empire ended with the fall of Angkor in the 15th century .
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Angkor Thom -LRB- អង គរធ literally : `` Great City '' -RRB- , located in present-day Cambodia , was the last and most enduring capital city of the Khmer empire . It was established in the late twelfth century by King Jayavarman VII . It covers an area of 9 km ² , within which are located several monuments from earlier eras as well as those established by Jayavarman and his successors . At the centre of the city is Jayavarman 's state temple , the Bayon , with the other major sites clustered around the Victory Square immediately to the north .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Snoop Dogg released a soundtrack to a short film.
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Cordozar Calvin Broadus , Jr. -LRB- born October 20 , 1971 -RRB- , known professionally as Snoop Dogg -LRB- sometimes shortened to Snoop and formerly called Snoop Doggy Dogg and Snoop Lion -RRB- , is an American rapper and actor from Long Beach , California . His music career began in 1992 when he was discovered by Dr. Dre of N.W.A , and as a result was prominently featured throughout Dr. Dre 's solo debut album , The Chronic -LRB- 1992 -RRB- . He has since sold over twenty-three million albums in the United States and thirty-five million albums worldwide . Snoop 's debut album , Doggystyle , was released in 1993 under Death Row Records , debuting at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums charts . Selling almost a million copies in the first week of its release , Doggystyle became certified 4 × platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles , including `` What 's My Name ? '' and `` Gin & Juice '' . In 1994 Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was The Case , starring himself . His second album Tha Doggfather -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , also debuted at number one on both charts with `` Snoop 's Upside Ya Head '' , as the lead single . The album was certified double platinum in 1997 . After leaving Death Row Records , Snoop signed with No Limit Records , where he recorded his next three albums . Da Game Is to Be Sold , Not to Be Told -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , No Limit Top Dogg -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , and Tha Last Meal -LRB- 2000 -RRB- . Snoop then signed with Priority/Capitol/EMI Records in 2002 , where he released Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss . He then signed with Geffen Records in 2004 for his next three albums R&G -LRB- Rhythm & Gangsta -RRB- : The Masterpiece , Tha Blue Carpet Treatment , and Ego Trippin ' . Malice 'n Wonderland -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , and Doggumentary -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , were released on Priority . Snoop Dogg has starred in motion pictures and hosted several television shows , including Doggy Fizzle Televizzle , Snoop Dogg 's Father Hood , and Dogg After Dark . He also coaches a youth football league and high school football team . In September 2009 , Snoop was hired by EMI as the chairman of a reactivated Priority Records . In 2012 , after a trip to Jamaica , Snoop announced a conversion to the Rastafari movement and a new alias , Snoop Lion . Under the new moniker , he released a reggae album , Reincarnated , and a documentary film of the same name , of his Jamaican experience , in early 2013 . His fourteenth solo studio album , Coolaid , was released in July 2016 . Snoop Dogg holds the dubious distinction of having seventeen Grammy nominations without a win . In March 2016 , the night before WrestleMania 32 in Arlington , Texas , Snoop was inducted into the celebrity wing of the WWE Hall of Fame having made several appearances for the company , including as Master of Ceremonies during a match at Wrestlemania XXIV .
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`` Dynamite '' is a single by Dutch DJ Afrojack , featuring American rapper Snoop Dogg . It was released on April 17 , 2014 , as the third single from Forget the World -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . Released on Island records , `` Dynamite '' is the fourth track to be released from the album after `` As Your Friend '' featuring Chris Brown , `` The Spark '' featuring Spree Wilson and `` Ten Feet Tall '' featuring Wrabel .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.School 2013 is a South Korean purple series.
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School 2013 is a 2012 South Korean television series starring Jang Nara , Choi Daniel , Lee Jong-suk and Kim Woo Bin . The teen drama depicts the struggles and dilemmas that modern-day Korean youth face , such as bullying , student suicides , school violence , deteriorating teacher-student relations , private tutoring and other real-life high school issues , all within the confines of one small classroom at Victory High School . It is the fifth installment of KBS 's `` School '' series which aired from 1999 through 2002 . It aired on KBS2 from December 3 , 2012 to January 28 , 2013 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 16 episodes .
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Scholar Who Walks the Night is a 2015 South Korean television series based on the manhwa of the same name written by Jo Joo-hee and illustrated by Han Seung-hee . Starring Lee Joon-gi , Shim Chang-min , Lee Soo-hyuk , Lee Yu-bi and Kim So-eun , it aired on MBC from July 8 to September 10 , 2015 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 20 episodes . The drama reunited Lee Joon-gi and Kim So-eun who both starred in the 2006 film , Fly , Daddy , Fly .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Naomi Scott was in Lemonade Mouth.
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Naomi Grace Scott -LRB- born 6 May 1993 -RRB- is an English actress and singer . She is known for starring as Kimberly Hart , the Pink Ranger , in the 2017 Power Rangers movie and co-starring as Maddy Shannon in the science-fiction drama series Terra Nova . Scott also starred as Mohini `` Mo '' Banjaree in the Disney Channel original movie Lemonade Mouth , and as Megan in TV series Life Bites .
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Siobhan Williams is an English-Canadian actress . Her television debut was on CBC 's Heartland -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , where she played the high school rodeo champion Jamie Lewis . She is widely known for her role as Naomi Hatch -LRB- Bohannon 's wife -RRB- on AMC 's Hell on Wheels -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . She also starred in ABC 's Black Box -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and A&E 's first scripted drama UnREAL .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Neil deGrasse Tyson wrote essays for Natural History magazine from 1995 to 2005.
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Neil deGrasse Tyson -LRB- -LSB- ˈniːl_dəˈɡræs_ˈtaɪsən -RSB- born October 5 , 1958 -RRB- is an American astrophysicist , author , and science communicator . Since 1996 , he has been the Frederick P. Rose Director of the Hayden Planetarium at the Rose Center for Earth and Space in New York City . The center is part of the American Museum of Natural History , where Tyson founded the Department of Astrophysics in 1997 and has been a research associate in the department since 2003 . Born and raised in New York City , Tyson became interested in astronomy at the age of nine after a visit to the Hayden Planetarium . After graduating from the Bronx High School of Science , where he was editor-in-chief of the Physical Science Journal , he completed a bachelor 's degree in physics at Harvard University in 1980 . After receiving a master 's degree in astronomy at the University of Texas at Austin in 1983 , he earned his master 's -LRB- 1989 -RRB- and doctorate -LRB- 1991 -RRB- in astrophysics at Columbia University . For the next three years , he was a postdoctoral research associate at Princeton University . In 1994 , he joined the Hayden Planetarium as a staff scientist and the Princeton faculty as a visiting research scientist and lecturer . In 1996 , he became director of the planetarium and oversaw its $ 210-million reconstruction project , which was completed in 2000 . From 1995 to 2005 , Tyson wrote monthly essays in the `` Universe '' column for Natural History magazine , some of which were published in his books Death by Black Hole -LRB- 2007 -RRB- and Astrophysics for People in a Hurry -LRB- 2017 -RRB- . During the same period , he wrote a monthly column in Star Date magazine , answering questions about the universe under the pen name `` Merlin '' . Material from the column appeared in his books Merlin 's Tour of the Universe -LRB- 1998 -RRB- and Just Visiting This Planet -LRB- 1998 -RRB- . Tyson served on a 2001 government commission on the future of the U.S. aerospace industry , and on the 2004 Moon , Mars and Beyond commission . He was awarded the NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal in the same year . From 2006 to 2011 , he hosted the television show NOVA ScienceNow on PBS . Since 2009 , Tyson hosted the weekly podcast StarTalk . A spin-off , also called StarTalk , began airing on National Geographic in 2015 . In 2014 , he hosted the television series Cosmos : A Spacetime Odyssey , a successor to Carl Sagan 's 1980 series Cosmos : A Personal Voyage . The U.S. National Academy of Sciences awarded Tyson the Public Welfare Medal in 2015 for his `` extraordinary role in exciting the public about the wonders of science '' .
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The Lying Stones of Marrakech -LRB- 2000 -RRB- is the ninth volume of collected essays by the Harvard paleontologist , Stephen Jay Gould . The essays were culled from his monthly column `` The View of Life '' in Natural History magazine , to which Gould contributed for 27 years . The book deals with themes familiar to Gould 's writing : evolution and its teaching , science biography , probability , and iconoclasm .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Fernando Alonso has a full name.
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Fernando Alonso Díaz -LRB- born 29 July 1981 -RRB- is a Spanish Formula One racing driver and a double World Champion who is currently racing for McLaren-Honda . He is often regarded as one of the greatest Formula One drivers in the history of the sport . He took part in the 2017 Indianapolis 500 . Born in Oviedo , the capital of the autonomous region of Asturias , Alonso started in karting from the age of 3 . He won three consecutive karting championships in Spain from 1994 to 1997 , and he became world karting champion in 1996 . He made his Formula One debut in the season with Minardi , and then moved to the Renault team as a test driver the next year . Starting in Alonso then became one of the main drivers of the team . On 25 September 2005 , he won the Formula One World Drivers ' Championship title at the age of 24 years and 58 days , at the time making him the youngest Formula One World Drivers ' Champion . After retaining the title the following year , Alonso also became the youngest double Champion at the time . He joined McLaren in , before returning to Renault for two seasons in and . For the season , he joined Scuderia Ferrari . Although Alonso did not reach his goal of winning a third title while at Ferrari he managed to finish runner up on three occasions -LRB- , and -RRB- as well as winning eleven Grands Prix with the team and clearly beating his teammates for points in all five seasons . His strongest title challenges were in 2010 and 2012 , finishing both seasons just adrift of title winner Sebastian Vettel . He left Ferrari at the end of the season , two years prior to the original expiry of his contract . Nicknamed El Nano , a typical pseudonym for Fernando in Asturias , his place of birth , Alonso acts as a Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF . Alonso also had become the youngest driver to win a pole position and Grand Prix respectively in the 2003 Malaysian Grand Prix and the 2003 Hungarian Grand Prix , before both records were broken by Sebastian Vettel in the 2008 Italian Grand Prix . With his fourth-place finish in the 2013 Japanese Grand Prix , scoring his 1,571 st career point , Alonso took over the record for most championship points in his career . However , the record has once again been broken by Sebastian Vettel at the 2015 Italian Grand Prix . , Alonso is the only Spanish driver to have won a Formula One Grand Prix and is the driver with the sixth highest number of Grand Prix wins , with .
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Federico Alonso Tellechea -LRB- born August 15 , 1981 in Buenos Aires -RRB- is a Spanish sailor . Alonso won the Cadet class World Championships in 1998 . In the 49er class , he won the silver medal at the 2008 European Championships , the gold medal at the 2009 ISAF Sailing World Cup , and the bronze medal at the 2015 World Championships .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Mexico is classified as a newly industrialized dog.
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Mexico -LRB- México , -LSB- ˈme.xi.ko -RSB- , modern Nahuatl -RRB- , officially the United Mexican States -LRB- -LSB- Estados Unidos Mexicanos , links = no -RSB- , -RRB- , is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost two million square kilometers -LRB- over 760,000 sq mi -RRB- , Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent nation in the world . With an estimated population of over 120 million , it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world while being the second most populous country in Latin America . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city . Other metropolises include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations , such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . Three centuries later , this territory became Mexico following recognition in 1821 after the colony 's Mexican War of Independence . The tumultuous post-independence period was characterized by economic instability and many political changes . The Mexican -- American War -LRB- 1846 -- 48 -RRB- led to the territorial cession of the extensive northern territories to the United States . The Pastry War , the Franco-Mexican War , a civil war , two empires and a domestic dictatorship occurred through the 19th century . The dictatorship was overthrown in the Mexican Revolution of 1910 , which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country 's current political system . Mexico has the fifteenth largest nominal GDP and the eleventh largest by purchasing power parity . The Mexican economy is strongly linked to those of its North American Free Trade Agreement -LRB- NAFTA -RRB- partners , especially the United States . Mexico was the first Latin American member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development -LRB- OECD -RRB- , joining in 1994 . It is classified as an upper-middle income country by the World Bank and a newly industrialized country by several analysts . By 2050 , Mexico could become the world 's fifth or seventh largest economy . The country is considered both a regional power and middle power , and is often identified as an emerging global power . Due to its rich culture and history , Mexico ranks first in the Americas and seventh in the world by number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites . Mexico is a megadiverse country , ranking fourth in the world by biodiversity . In 2016 it was the eighth most visited country in the world , with 35 million international arrivals . Mexico is a member of the United Nations , the World Trade Organization , the G8 +5 , the G20 , the Uniting for Consensus and the Pacific Alliance .
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The Mexican small-eared shrew -LRB- Cryptotis mexicana -RRB- is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae . It is endemic to Mexico .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Alpha Centauri is a star system.
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Alpha Centauri -LRB- α Centauri , abbreviated Alpha Cen , α Cen -RRB- is the closest star system to the Solar System , being 4.37 ly from the Sun . It consists of three stars : the double star Alpha Centauri A -LRB- also named Rigil Kentaurus -RRB- and Alpha Centauri B together with a small and faint red dwarf , Alpha Centauri C -LRB- also named Proxima Centauri -RRB- , that may be gravitationally bound to the other two . To the unaided eye , the two main components appear as a single point of light with an apparent visual magnitude of − 0.27 , forming the brightest star in the southern constellation of Centaurus and is the third-brightest star in the night sky , outshone only by Sirius and Canopus . Alpha Centauri A -LRB- α Cen A -RRB- has 1.1 times the mass and 1.519 times the luminosity of the Sun , while Alpha Centauri B -LRB- α Cen B -RRB- is smaller and cooler , at 0.907 times the Sun 's mass and 0.445 times its visual luminosity . During the pair 's 79.91-year orbit about a common centre , the distance between them varies from about that between Pluto and the Sun to that between Saturn and the Sun . Proxima Centauri -LRB- α Cen C -RRB- is at the slightly smaller distance of 1.30 pc from the Sun , making it the closest star to the Sun , even though it is not visible to the naked eye . The separation of Proxima from Alpha Centauri AB is about 15000 AU , equivalent to 500 times the size of Neptune 's orbit . Proxima Centauri b , an Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone of Proxima Centauri , has been detected .
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Eta Virginis -LRB- η Virginis , abbreviated Eta Vir , η Vir -RRB- , also named Zaniah , is a multiple star system in the zodiac constellation of Virgo . From parallax measurements , it was found to be roughly 265 ly from the Sun . It has an apparent visual magnitude of 3.89 , which is bright enough for the system to be seen with the naked eye in dark skies .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Tim Rice wrote anything except a 1970 rock opera.
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Sir Timothy Miles Bindon `` Tim '' Rice -LRB- born 10 November 1944 -RRB- is an English author and Academy Award , Golden Globe Award , Tony Award , and Grammy Award-winning lyricist . He is best known for his collaborations with Andrew Lloyd Webber , with whom he wrote Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat , Jesus Christ Superstar , and Evita ; with Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson of ABBA , with whom he wrote Chess ; for additional songs for the 2011 West End revival of The Wizard of Oz ; and for his work for Walt Disney Studios with Alan Menken -LRB- Aladdin , Beauty and the Beast , King David -RRB- , Elton John -LRB- The Lion King , Aida , The Road to El Dorado -RRB- and Ennio Morricone . One of the most celebrated lyricists in British popular culture , Rice was knighted by Elizabeth II for services to music in 1994 . He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , is an inductee into the Songwriter 's Hall of Fame , is a Disney Legend recipient , and is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters , Composers and Authors . The 2016 Sunday Times Rich List values Rice at # 150m ; the 15th richest music millionaire in the UK .
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Phil Rice -LRB- also known as Philip James Rice -RRB- -LRB- born Lancashire , England -RRB- is a songwriter , producer and keyboard player . He is part of a songwriting and performing partnership with Rick Guard . As a live performer , Rice has worked with some of the leading artists in the world , including Lionel Richie , Russell Watson , Shirley Bassey , and Ronan Keating .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Subhas Chandra Bose was a villain in India.
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Subhas Chandra Bose -LRB- 23 January 1897 -- 18 August 1945 -RRB- was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India , but whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a troubled legacy . The honorific Netaji -LRB- Hindustani : `` Respected Leader '' -RRB- , first applied in early 1942 to Bose in Germany by the Indian soldiers of the Indische Legion and by the German and Indian officials in the Special Bureau for India in Berlin , was later used throughout India . Bose had been a leader of the younger , radical , wing of the Indian National Congress in the late 1920s and 1930s , rising to become Congress President in 1938 and 1939 . However , he was ousted from Congress leadership positions in 1939 following differences with Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress high command . He was subsequently placed under house arrest by the British before escaping from India in 1940 . Bose arrived in Germany in April 1941 , where the leadership offered unexpected , if sometimes ambivalent , sympathy for the cause of India 's independence , contrasting starkly with its attitudes towards other colonised peoples and ethnic communities . In November 1941 , with German funds , a Free India Centre was set up in Berlin , and soon a Free India Radio , on which Bose broadcast nightly . A 3,000-strong Free India Legion , comprising Indians captured by Erwin Rommel 's Afrika Korps , was also formed to aid in a possible future German land invasion of India . By spring 1942 , in light of Japanese victories in southeast Asia and changing German priorities , a German invasion of India became untenable , and Bose became keen to move to southeast Asia . Adolf Hitler , during his only meeting with Bose in late May 1942 , suggested the same , and offered to arrange for a submarine . During this time Bose also became a father ; his wife , or companion , Emilie Schenkl , whom he had met in 1934 , gave birth to a baby girl in November 1942 . Identifying strongly with the Axis powers , and no longer apologetically , Bose boarded a German submarine in February 1943 . In Madagascar , he was transferred to a Japanese submarine from which he disembarked in Japanese-held Sumatra in May 1943 . With Japanese support , Bose revamped the Indian National Army -LRB- INA -RRB- , then composed of Indian soldiers of the British Indian army who had been captured in the Battle of Singapore . To these , after Bose 's arrival , were added enlisting Indian civilians in Malaya and Singapore . The Japanese had come to support a number of puppet and provisional governments in the captured regions , such as those in Burma , the Philippines and Manchukuo . Before long the Provisional Government of Free India , presided by Bose , was formed in the Japanese-occupied Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Bose had great drive and charisma -- creating popular Indian slogans , such as `` Jai Hind , '' -- and the INA under Bose was a model of diversity by region , ethnicity , religion , and even gender . However , Bose was regarded by the Japanese as being militarily unskilled , and his military effort was short-lived . In late 1944 and early 1945 the British Indian Army first halted and then devastatingly reversed the Japanese attack on India . Almost half the Japanese forces and fully half the participating INA contingent were killed . The INA was driven down the Malay Peninsula , and surrendered with the recapture of Singapore . Bose had earlier chosen not to surrender with his forces or with the Japanese , but rather to escape to Manchuria with a view to seeking a future in the Soviet Union which he believed to be turning anti-British . He died from third degree burns received when his plane crashed in Taiwan . Some Indians , however , did not believe that the crash had occurred , with many among them , especially in Bengal , believing that Bose would return to gain India 's independence . Indian National Congress , the main instrument of Indian nationalism , praised Bose 's patriotism but distanced itself from his tactics and ideology , especially his collaboration with Fascism . The British Raj , though never seriously threatened by the INA , charged 300 INA officers with treason in the INA trials , but eventually backtracked in the face both of popular sentiment and of its own end .
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Sudhindra Bose -LRB- 1883 - May 26 , 1946 -RRB- , a pioneer in teaching Asian politics and civilization in the United States , was born in Keotkhali near Dakha , in the then Bengal Presidency .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Ellen DeGeneres's spouse is Australian.
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Ellen Lee DeGeneres -LRB- -LSB- dᵻˈdʒɛnərᵻs -RSB- born January 26 , 1958 -RRB- is an American comedian , television host , actress , writer , and producer . DeGeneres starred in the popular sitcom Ellen from 1994 to 1998 and has hosted her syndicated TV talk show , The Ellen DeGeneres Show , since 2003 . Her stand-up career started in the early 1980s , and included a 1986 appearance on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson . As a film actress , DeGeneres starred in Mr. Wrong -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , appeared in EDtv -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , and The Love Letter -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , and provided the voice of Dory in the Pixar animated films Finding Nemo -LRB- 2003 -RRB- and Finding Dory -LRB- 2016 -RRB- ; for Nemo , she was awarded the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress , the first time an actress won a Saturn Award for a voice performance . In 2010 , she was a judge on American Idol for its ninth season . She starred in two television sitcoms , Ellen from 1994 to 1998 , and The Ellen Show from 2001 to 2002 . During the fourth season of Ellen in 1997 , she came out as a lesbian in an appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show . Her character , Ellen Morgan , also came out to a therapist played by Winfrey , and the series went on to explore various LGBT issues , including the coming-out process . This made her the first openly lesbian actress to play an openly lesbian character on television . In 2008 , she married her longtime girlfriend Portia de Rossi . DeGeneres has hosted the Academy Awards , Grammy Awards , and the Primetime Emmys . She has authored three books and started her own record company , Eleveneleven . She has won 29 Emmys , 20 People 's Choice Awards -LRB- more than any other person -RRB- , and numerous other awards for her work and charitable efforts . In 2016 , she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom .
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Andrew Florent -LRB- 24 October 1970 -- 16 August 2016 -RRB- was an Australian professional tennis player . Florent enjoyed most of his tennis success while playing doubles . During his career he won 3 doubles titles and finished runner-up an additional 10 times . He achieved a career-high doubles ranking of World No. 13 in 2001 . Florent died from colorectal cancer at the age of 45 on 16 August 2016 . He is the father of the Sydney AFL footballer Oliver Florent .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.California Gurls was incapable of being recorded by an American singer Katy Perry.
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`` California Gurls '' is a song recorded by American singer Katy Perry for her third studio album , Teenage Dream -LRB- 2010 -RRB- . The song features verses from rapper Snoop Dogg . Both artists co-wrote the song with Bonnie McKee and its co-producers Dr. Luke and Max Martin , with additional production from Benny Blanco . According to Perry , the song is an answer song to `` Empire State of Mind '' -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , by Jay-Z and Alicia Keys . `` California Gurls '' is a midtempo disco-pop , and funk-pop song , with influences of new wave , and electropop . Its lyrics are an ode to the state of California , in which both Perry and Snoop Dogg were born and raised . `` California Gurls '' garnered positive reviews from music critics , with the majority of them labeling it a `` summer anthem '' , as well as complimenting its production and chorus . Originally intended to be sent to mainstream and rhythmic airplay on May 25 , 2010 , the song debuted on May 7 , 2010 , after clips from the Teenage Dream album were leaked online . It was subsequently released to iTunes on May 11 , 2010 as the album 's lead single . The song was a worldwide success , peaking at number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 for six consecutive weeks , giving Perry her second US number-one single in and Snoop Dogg his third . The song reached number-one in ten other countries , including Australia , Canada , Ireland , New Zealand , and the United Kingdom . A music video for the song was released on June 15 , 2010 , and features Perry and her dancers as pieces of a board game , set in the fictional `` Candyfornia '' . Perry has said that the inspiration behind the video was artist Will Cotton , who was also the artistic director of the video . It has been noted that the video is influenced by several other works , including Charlie and the Chocolate Factory , Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland , and the board game Candyland . On December 2 , 2010 , the song received a Grammy nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals . In 2012 , Billboard ranked the song number one on a special The 30 Summer Songs of All Time listing .
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California '' is the third studio album and the first cover album by American female group Wilson Phillips . The group reunited in 2003 to record it . It is their first studio album in twelve years . The album peaked at # 35 on the charts , and it sold 31,000 copies during the first week of its release .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Marilyn Manson was formed in 1989.
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Marilyn Manson is an American rock band formed by singer Marilyn Manson and guitarist Daisy Berkowitz in Fort Lauderdale , Florida , in 1989 . Originally named Marilyn Manson & the Spooky Kids , they gained a local cult following in South Florida in the early 1990s with their theatrical live performances . In 1993 , they were the first act signed to Trent Reznor 's Nothing Records label . Until 1996 , the name of each member was created by combining the first name of an iconic female sex symbol and the last name of an iconic serial killer , for example Marilyn Monroe and Charles Manson . Their lineup has changed between many of their album releases ; the current members of Marilyn Manson are the eponymous lead singer -LRB- the only remaining original member -RRB- , bassist Twiggy Ramirez , guitarists Paul Wiley and Tyler Bates , keyboardist/percussionist Daniel Fox , and drummer Gil Sharone . In the past , band members dressed in outlandish makeup and costumes , and engaged in intentionally shocking behavior both onstage and off . Their lyrics often received criticism for their anti-religious sentiment and references to sex , violence and drugs , while their live performances were frequently called offensive and obscene . On several occasions , protests and petitions led to the group being blocked from performing , with at least three US states passing legislation banning the group from performing at state-owned venues . They released a number of platinum-selling albums , including Antichrist Superstar -LRB- 1996 -RRB- and Mechanical Animals -LRB- 1998 -RRB- . These albums , along with their highly-stylized music videos and worldwide touring , brought public recognition to Marilyn Manson . In 1999 , news media falsely blamed the band for influencing the perpetrators of the Columbine massacre . As this controversy began to wane throughout the 2000s , so did the band 's mainstream popularity . Despite this , Jon Wiederhorn of MTV , in June 2003 , referred to Marilyn Manson as `` the only true artist today '' . Marilyn Manson is widely regarded as being one of the most iconic and controversial figures in heavy metal music , with the band and its lead singer influencing numerous other groups and musicians , both in metal-associated acts and also in wider popular culture . VH1 ranked Marilyn Manson as the seventy-eighth best rock band on their 100 Great Artists of Hard Rock . They were inducted into the Kerrang ! Hall of Fame in 2000 , and have been nominated for four Grammy Awards . In the US , the band has seen eight of its releases debut in the top ten , including two number-one albums . Marilyn Manson have sold in excess of 60 million records worldwide .
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Trouble is an American doom metal band from Aurora , Illinois , formed in 1979 and considered one of the pioneers of the genre alongside Candlemass and Saint Vitus . The band created a distinct style taking influences of the British heavy metal bands Black Sabbath and Judas Priest , and psychedelic rock of the 1970s . A critically acclaimed group , their first two albums , Psalm 9 and The Skull are cited as landmarks of doom metal . To date , Trouble has released eight studio albums . Although the band never officially broke up , Trouble was plagued by extended inactivity after their original singer Eric Wagner left in 1997 . He eventually rejoined in 2000 before leaving again eight years later . The nucleus of the band had been vocalist Eric Wagner , guitarists Rick Wartell and Bruce Franklin , and drummer Jeff Olson . The band is also noted for the spiritual nature of their early lyrics ; their first record label , Metal Blade Records , marketed the band as `` white metal '' -LRB- in contrast to the rising black metal movement -RRB- in the 1980s .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Grace Jones inspired Róisín Murphy.
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Grace Jones -LRB- born 19 May 1948 -RRB- is a Jamaican born singer , songwriter , lyricist , supermodel , record producer , and actress . Born in Jamaica , at age 13 she moved with her siblings to their parents ' home in Syracuse , New York . Jones began her modelling career in New York state , then in Paris , working for fashion houses such as Yves St. Laurent and Kenzo , and appearing on the covers of Elle and Vogue . She worked with photographers such as Helmut Newton , Guy Bourdin , and Hans Feurer , and became known for her distinctive androgynous appearance and bold features . In 1977 Jones secured a record deal with Island Records , initially becoming a star of New York City 's Studio 54-centered disco scene . In the early 1980s she moved toward a new wave style that drew on reggae , funk , post-punk , and pop music , frequently collaborating with both the graphic designer Jean-Paul Goude and the musical duo Sly & Robbie . Her most popular albums include Warm Leatherette -LRB- 1980 -RRB- , Nightclubbing -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , and Slave to the Rhythm -LRB- 1985 -RRB- . She scored Top 40 entries on the UK Singles Chart with `` Pull Up to the Bumper '' , `` I 've Seen That Face Before '' , `` Private Life '' , and `` Slave to the Rhythm '' . In 1982 , she released the music video collection A One Man Show , directed by Goude . Jones appeared in some low-budget films in the US during the 1970s and early 1980s . In 1984 she made her first mainstream appearance as Zula in the fantasy-action film Conan the Destroyer alongside Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sarah Douglas , and subsequently appeared in the 1985 James Bond movie A View to a Kill as May Day . In 1986 she played a vampire in Vamp , and acted in and contributed a song to the 1992 Eddie Murphy film Boomerang . She appeared alongside Tim Curry in the 2001 film Wolf Girl . For her work in Conan the Destroyer , A View to a Kill , and Vamp , she was nominated for Saturn Awards for Best Supporting Actress . In 1999 , Jones ranked 82nd on VH1 's 100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll , and in 2008 , she was honored with a Q Idol Award . Jones influenced the cross-dressing movement of the 1980s and has been an inspiration for artists including Annie Lennox , Lady Gaga , Rihanna , Lorde , Róisín Murphy , Brazilian Girls , Nile Rodgers , Santigold , Basement Jaxx and Stanka Brljevic . In December 2016 , Billboard magazine ranked her as the 40th most successful dance artist of all time .
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Tembekile `` Tembi '' Locke -LRB- born on July 26 , 1970 -RRB- is an American actress who has appeared in television shows and film . She is best known as Dr. Grace Monroe on Syfy 's series EURKA and as Dr. Diana Davis in Sliders and has appeared in such shows as The Mentalist , Castle and Bones .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Kanye West was born.
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Kanye Omari West -LRB- -LSB- ˈkɑːnjeɪ -RSB- born June 8 , 1977 -RRB- is an American rapper , songwriter , record producer , fashion designer , and entrepreneur . Born in Atlanta and raised in Chicago , West briefly attended art school before becoming known as a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records in the early 2000s , producing hit singles for artists such as Jay Z and Alicia Keys . Intent on pursuing a solo career as a rapper , West released his debut album The College Dropout in 2004 to widespread critical and commercial success , and founded the record label GOOD Music . He went on to pursue a variety of different styles on subsequent albums Late Registration -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , Graduation -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , and 808s & Heartbreak -LRB- 2008 -RRB- . In 2010 , he released his fifth album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy to rave reviews from critics , and the following year he collaborated with Jay Z on the joint LP Watch the Throne -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . West released his abrasive sixth album , Yeezus , to further critical praise in 2013 . His seventh album , The Life of Pablo , was released in 2016 . West 's outspoken views and life outside of music have received significant mainstream attention . He has been a frequent source of controversy for his conduct at award shows , on social media , and in other public settings . His more scrutinized comments include his off-script denunciation of President George W. Bush during a live 2005 television broadcast for Hurricane Katrina relief and his interruption of singer Taylor Swift at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards . West 's efforts as a fashion designer include collaborations with Nike , Louis Vuitton , and A.P.C. on both clothing and footwear , and have most prominently resulted in the YEEZY collaboration with Adidas beginning in 2013 . He is the founder and head of the creative content company DONDA . His 2014 marriage to television personality Kim Kardashian has also been subject to widespread media coverage . West is among the most acclaimed musicians of the 21st century , and is one of the best-selling artists of all time , having sold more than 32 million albums and 100 million digital downloads worldwide . He has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards , making him one of the most awarded artists of all time and the most Grammy-awarded artist to have debuted in the 21st century . Three of his albums have been included and ranked on Rolling Stone 's 2012 update of the `` 500 Greatest Albums of All Time '' list . He has also been included in a number of Forbes annual lists . Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2005 and 2015 .
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`` Sanctified '' is a song by American hip hop recording artist Rick Ross , taken from his sixth studio album Mastermind -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . The song , produced by Kanye West , Mike Dean , and DJ Mustard , featuring guest appearances by rappers Kanye West and Big Sean . It was written by the aforementioned rappers and producers and Betty Wright sang the hook . `` Sanctified '' garnered critical acclaim from music critics , with most praising the production and Kanye West 's appearance . Despite not being released as a single , it is the highest charting song on Mastermind to date , debuting at number 25 on the UK R&B Chart , number 78 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 99 on the Canadian Hot 100 upon the album 's release .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The soundtrack to Arrow's first two seasons was released.
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Arrow is an American action crime television series developed by writer/producers Greg Berlanti , Marc Guggenheim , and Andrew Kreisberg . It is based on the DC Comics character Green Arrow , a costumed crime-fighter created by Mort Weisinger and George Papp . It premiered in North America on The CW on October 10 , 2012 , with international broadcasting taking place in late 2012 . Primarily filmed in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , the series follows billionaire playboy Oliver Queen -LRB- Stephen Amell -RRB- , who , five years after being stranded on a hostile island , returns home to fight crime and corruption as a secret vigilante whose weapon of choice is a bow and arrow . The series takes a new look at the Green Arrow character , as well as other characters from the DC Comics universe . Although Oliver Queen/Green Arrow had been featured in the television series Smallville from 2006 to 2011 , on the CW , the producers decided to start clean and find a new actor to portray the character . Arrow focuses on the humanity of Oliver Queen , and how he was changed by time spent shipwrecked on an island . Most episodes in the first five seasons have flashback scenes to the five years in which Oliver was missing . Arrow has received generally positive reviews from critics . The series averaged about 3.68 million viewers over the course of the first season and received several awards and multiple nominations . To promote it , a preview comic book was released before the television series began , while webisodes featuring a product tie-in with Bose were developed for the second season . The first four seasons are available on DVD and Blu-ray in regions 1 , 2 and 4 ; a soundtrack was also released for the first two seasons . In October 2014 , a spin-off series set in the same universe , titled The Flash , premiered . In August 2015 , an animated spin-off , Vixen , was released , while a second live-action spin-off , Legends of Tomorrow , premiered in January 2016 , featuring a number of characters from Arrow and The Flash . On March 11 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a fifth season , which premiered on October 5 , 2016 . On January 8 , 2017 , The CW renewed the show for a sixth season .
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Season One is the first studio album by the duo of All Sons & Daughters , and the album released on March 13 , 2012 by Integrity Music . The album was produced by Paul Mabury .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Stone Temple Pilots had an original member that had the middle name Richard.
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Stone Temple Pilots -LRB- sometimes abbreviated as STP -RRB- are an American rock band from San Diego , California , that originally consisted of Scott Weiland -LRB- lead vocals -RRB- , brothers Dean -LRB- guitar -RRB- and Robert DeLeo -LRB- bass , backing vocals -RRB- , and Eric Kretz -LRB- drums -RRB- . Since the band 's formation in 1989 , its line-up remained unchanged until the firing of Weiland in 2013 , who was replaced by Linkin Park vocalist Chester Bennington . In 2015 , Bennington left the band to focus solely on Linkin Park . On December 3 , 2015 , Weiland was found dead on his tour bus prior to a performance with his band The Wildabouts . In 2016 , the band launched an online audition for a new lead vocalist . After forming in 1989 under the name Mighty Joe Young , the band signed with Atlantic Records and changed its name to Stone Temple Pilots . The band found immediate success in 1993 upon releasing their debut album , Core -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , and went on to become one of the most commercially successful bands of the 1990s . The band released four more studio albums : Purple -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , Tiny Music ... Songs from the Vatican Gift Shop -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , No. 4 -LRB- 1999 -RRB- and Shangri-La Dee Da -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , before separating in 2002 , after which the band members partook in various projects -LRB- most notably Velvet Revolver and Army of Anyone -RRB- . The band eventually reconvened in 2008 for a reunion tour , released a new self-titled album in 2010 , and actively toured until Chester Bennington 's departure . The band 's only material with Bennington was the EP High Rise in 2013 . While initially displaying a sound typically identified as grunge early on in its career , further releases from the band expressed a variety of influences , including psychedelic rock , bossa nova and classic rock . The band 's evolution throughout the 1990s and early 2000s involved several tumultuous periods of commercial highs and lows , brought about in part by Weiland 's well-publicized struggles with drug addiction .
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Rick Roberts -LRB- born August 31 , 1949 , in Florida -RRB- is a country rock and soft rock singer-songwriter who recorded with many influential artists over several genres . He is best known as a founding member and lead singer of Firefall from 1974 to 1981 , as well as his work with The Flying Burrito Brothers on their 1971 self-titled album , . He also recorded two solo albums , Windmills in 1972 and She Is a Song in 1973 . In 1985 , Roberts was a member of `` A 20th Anniversary Tribute to The Byrds '' , a band co-founded by ex-Byrds Gene Clark and Michael Clarke . The group also included former members of The Band , Richard Manuel and Rick Danko , as well as Blondie Chaplin and John York -LRB- who originally was Chris Hillman 's replacement in The Byrds -RRB- . The band generated controversy through public confusion in relation to the original Byrds , at times being billed as `` The Byrds '' . Roberts rejoined his bandmates in Firefall from 1989-1992 . He subsequently retired from performing , due to illness . In 2010 , he returned to music and released two 4-song-EPs on iTunes and launched his website .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Halle Berry has a child with a Canadian model.
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Halle Maria Berry -LRB- born Maria Halle Berry ; August 14 , 1966 -RRB- is an American actress . She won the 2002 Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the romantic drama Monster 's Ball -LRB- 2001 -RRB- . As of 2017 , she is the only black woman to have won a Best Actress Academy Award . Berry was one of the highest paid actresses in Hollywood during the 2000s and has been involved in the production of several of the films in which she performed . She is also a Revlon spokesmodel . Before becoming an actress , she started modeling and entered several beauty contests , finishing as the 1st runner-up in the Miss USA Pageant and coming in 6th place in the Miss World Pageant in 1986 . Her breakthrough film role was in the romantic comedy Boomerang -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , alongside Eddie Murphy , which led to roles in films such as the comedy The Flintstones -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , the political comedy-drama Bulworth -LRB- 1998 -RRB- and the television film Introducing Dorothy Dandridge -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , for which she won the Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress , among many other awards . In addition to her Academy Award win , Berry garnered high-profile roles in the 2000s such as Storm in the X-Men film series -LRB- beginning in 2000 -RRB- , the action crime thriller Swordfish -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , and the spy film Die Another Day -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , where she played Bond Girl Jinx . She then appeared in the X-Men sequels , X2 -LRB- 2003 -RRB- and X-Men : The Last Stand -LRB- 2006 -RRB- . In the 2010s , she appeared in movies such as the science fiction film Cloud Atlas -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , the crime thriller The Call -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and X-Men : Days of Future Past -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . Berry was formerly married to baseball player David Justice , and singer-songwriter Eric Benét . She has a daughter by model Gabriel Aubry , and a son by actor Olivier Martinez .
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Heidi Mark -LRB- born February 18 , 1971 -RRB- is an American model and actress . She is of Finnish origin as her father was born in Helsinki , Finland . She has worked at her father 's law office and Hooters . She was Playboy 's Playmate of the Month for July 1995 . Prior to being a Playmate , she appeared on the cover of the April 1994 issue of the magazine . Mark was married to Vince Neil of Mötley Crüe on May 28 , 2000 . She filed for divorce in August 2001 , citing `` irreconcilable differences '' .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Iran is a sovereign state that still has a significant influence.
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Iran -LRB- ɪ , also ɪ -RRB- , formerly known as Persia , is a sovereign state in Western Asia . It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia , the de facto Republic of Artsakh and Azerbaijan ; to the north by the Caspian Sea ; to the northeast by Turkmenistan ; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan ; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman ; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Comprising a land area of 1648195 km2 , it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world . Officially with 79.93 million inhabitants -LRB- Nov 2016 -RRB- , Iran is the world 's 18th-most-populous country . It is the only country with both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline . The country 's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , make it of great geostrategic importance . Iran has diverse landscapes and geographical conditions . Tehran is the country 's capital and largest city , as well as its leading economic and cultural center . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the 4th millennium BC . The area was first unified and dominated by the Iranian Medes in the 7th century BC . Iran reached its greatest extent during the Achaemenid Empire -LRB- First Persian Empire -RRB- founded by Cyrus the Great in 6th century BC , the largest empire the world had yet seen , stretching from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley . Persia fell to Alexander the Great in 4th century BC , but reemerged shortly after as the Parthian Empire . Under the Sassanians , Persia became a leading world power for the next four centuries . In 7th century AD , Arabs conquered Persia and largely displaced the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with the new religion of Islam . Iranians became major contributors to the Islamic Golden Age that followed , producing many influential scientists , scholars , artists and thinkers . After two centuries , a period of various Iranian dynasties began , although these dynasties were later conquered by Turks and then the Mongols . An Iranian national identity was always reasserted however , developing a distinct cultural entity . The rise of the Safavids in 15th century led to the establishment of Twelver Shia Islam as the official religion , marking a turning point in Muslim history . In the 18th century , Iran arguably possessed briefly the most powerful military at the time under Nader Shah . Conflicts with the Russian Empire in 19th century led to significant territorial losses . Popular unrest culminated in the Persian Constitutional Revolution , which established a constitutional monarchy and the country 's first legislative body , the Majles . Following a coup d'état instigated by the UK and the US in 1953 , Iran gradually became closely aligned with the West and grew increasingly autocratic . Growing dissent against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic , a political system which combines elements of a parliamentary democracy with a theocracy governed by Islamic jurists under the concept of a `` Supreme Leadership '' . According to international observers , the current Iranian government is oppressive , with human rights abuses commonplace . A multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups , most inhabitants of Iran are Shia Muslims and Persian is the official language . The largest ethnic groups in Iran are the Persians , Azeris , Kurds and Lurs . Iran is a founding member of the UN , ECO , NAM , OIC , and OPEC . Iran is a major regional and middle power , and its large reserves of fossil fuels -- which include the largest natural gas supply in the world and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves -- exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy . Iran 's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 21 UNESCO World Heritage Sites , the third-largest number in Asia and 11th-largest in the world .
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The consolidation of the Iranian Revolution refers to a turbulent process of Islamic Republic stabilization , following the completion of the revolution . After the Shah of Iran and his regime were overthrown by revolutionaries in February 1979 , Iran was in a `` revolutionary crisis mode '' from this time until 1982 or 1983 . Its economy and the apparatus of government collapsed . Military and security forces were in disarray . Following the events of the revolution , Marxist guerrillas and federalist parties revolted in some regions comprising Khuzistan , Kurdistan and Gonbad-e Qabus , which resulted in fighting between them and revolutionary forces . These revolts began in April 1979 and lasted between several months to over a year , depending on the region . Recently published documents show that United States was afraid of those revolts . National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski discussed with his staff about a possible American invasion of Iran by using Turkish bases and territory if the Soviets would decide to repeat the Afghanistan scenario in Iran . By 1982 or 1983 , Khomeini and his supporters had crushed the rival factions and consolidated power . Elements that played a part in both the crisis and its end were the Iran hostage crisis , the invasion of Iran by Saddam Hussein 's Iraq , and the presidency of Abolhassan Banisadr .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Democratic Republic of Congo is a place.
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The Democratic Republic of the Congo -LRB- -LSB- ˈkɒŋɡəʊ -RSB- -LSB- kɔ̃ɡo -RSB- ; République démocratique du Congo -RRB- , also known as DR Congo , DRC , DROC , Congo-Kinshasa or simply the Congo , is a country located in Central Africa . The DRC borders the Central African Republic and South Sudan to the north ; Uganda , Rwanda , Burundi and Tanzania to the east ; Zambia and Angola to the south ; the Republic of the Congo to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest . It is the second-largest country in Africa by area and eleventh largest in the world . With a population of over 80 million , the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most populated officially Francophone country , the fourth most-populated nation in Africa and the eighteenth most populated country in the world . The territory of the DR Congo was first settled by humans around 90,000 years ago . Bantu peoples began migrating into the region in the 5th century and again in the 10th century . In the West of the region the Kingdom of Kongo ruled from the 14th to 19th centuries , while in the centre and East of the region the kingdoms of Luba and Lunda ruled from the 16th and 17th centuries to the 19th century . In the 1870s , before the onset of the Scramble for Africa , European exploration of the Congo was carried out , first led by Sir Henry Morton Stanley under the sponsorship of King Leopold II of Belgium . Leopold formally acquired rights to the Congo territory at the Conference of Berlin in 1885 and made the land his private property . He named it the Congo Free State . During the Free State the colonial military unit , the Force Publique , forced the local population into producing rubber , and from 1885 to 1908 millions of Congolese died as a consequence of disease and exploitation . In 1908 Belgium , despite initial reluctance , formally annexed the Free State from Leopold , which became the Belgian Congo . The Belgian Congo achieved independence on 30 June 1960 under the name Republic of the Congo -LRB- Léopoldville -RRB- . Congolese nationalist Patrice Lumumba was elected the first Prime Minister , while Joseph Kasa-Vubu became the first President . Conflict arose over the administration of the territory which became known as the Congo Crisis . The provinces of Katanga , under Moïse Tshombe , and South Kasai attempted to secede from the Congo . On 5 September 1960 , Kasa-Vubu dismissed Lumumba from office , encouraged by the United States and Belgium after Lumumba turned to the Soviet Union for assistance in the crisis . On 14 September , with U.S. and Belgian support , Lumumba was arrested by forces loyal to Army Chief of Staff Joseph-Désiré Mobutu , who had gained de facto control over the country through a coup d'état the same day , and on 17 January 1961 Lumumba was handed over to Katangan authorities and executed by Belgian-led Katangese troops . In 1965 Joseph-Désiré Mobutu , who later renamed himself Mobutu Sese Seko , officially came into power through a second coup . In 1971 he renamed the country Zaire . The country was run as a one-party state with his Popular Movement of the Revolution as the sole legal party . Mobutu 's government received considerable support from the United States for its anti-communist stance during the Cold War . By the early 1990s Mobutu 's government began to weaken . Disenfranchisement of the eastern Congolese Tutsi population led to a 1996 invasion led by Tutsi-ruled Rwanda , which began the First Congo War . On 17 May 1997 Laurent-Désiré Kabila , a leader of Tutsi forces from the province of South Kivu , became President , bringing about the end of Mobutu 's 32-year rule . Tensions between President Kabila and the Rwandan and Tutsi presence in the country led to the Second Congo War from 1998 to 2003 . Ultimately , nine African countries and around twenty armed groups became involved in the war , which resulted in the deaths of 5.4 million people . The two wars together devastated the country . President Laurent-Désiré Kabila was assassinated by one of his bodyguards on 16 January 2001 and was succeeded eight days later as President by his son Joseph Kabila . The Democratic Republic of Congo is extremely rich in natural resources but has had political instability , a lack of infrastructure , issues with corruption and centuries of both commercial and colonial extraction and exploitation with little holistic development . Besides the capital Kinshasa , the two next largest cities Lubumbashi and Mbuji-Mayi are both mining communities . DR Congo 's largest export is raw minerals , with China accepting over 50 % of DRC 's exports in 2012 . , according to the Human Development Index -LRB- HDI -RRB- , DR Congo 's level of human development ranks 176 out of 187 countries .
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Scouting in the Congo can refer to : Scouting in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Scouting in the Republic of the Congo
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Heidi Klum acted in Blow Dry.
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Heidi Klum -LRB- -LSB- ˈhaɪ̯di ˈklʊm -RSB- ; born June 1 , 1973 -RRB- is a German-American supermodel , television personality , businesswoman , fashion designer , singer , television producer , author , and actress . She appeared on the cover of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue and in 1999 became the first German model to become a Victoria 's Secret Angel . Following a successful modeling career , Klum became the host and a judge of Germany 's Next Topmodel and the reality show Project Runway which earned her an Emmy nomination in 2008 and a win in 2013 for Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program -LRB- shared with co-host Tim Gunn -RRB- ; Klum has been nominated for six Emmy Awards . She has worked as a spokesmodel for Dannon and H&M , and has appeared in numerous commercials for McDonald 's , Volkswagen and others . In 2009 , Klum became Barbie 's official ambassador on Barbie 's 50th anniversary . As an occasional actress , she had supporting roles in movies including Blow Dry -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , Ella Enchanted -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , and made cameo appearances in The Devil Wears Prada -LRB- 2006 -RRB- and Perfect Stranger -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . She has also appeared on TV shows including Sex and the City , How I Met Your Mother , Desperate Housewives and Parks and Recreation . Currently , Klum is a judge on the NBC reality show America 's Got Talent . In May 2011 , Forbes magazine estimated Klum 's total earnings for that year as . She is ranked second on Forbes list of the `` World 's Top-Earning Models '' , behind Gisele Bündchen . Forbes noted that since ending her 13-year run as a Victoria 's Secret Angel , Klum has become more of a businesswoman than a model . In 2008 , she became an American citizen while maintaining her native German citizenship .
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Clea Helen D'Etienne DuVall -LRB- born September 25 , 1977 -RRB- is an American actress , writer , producer and director . She is best known for her role as Sofie on the HBO television series Carnivàle -LRB- 2003 -- 05 -RRB- , as well as for films such as The Faculty -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , But I 'm a Cheerleader -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , Girl , Interrupted -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , and The Grudge -LRB- 2004 -RRB- . She is also known for her roles as Cora Lijek in the Academy Award -- winning film Argo -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , Audrey Hanson on NBC 's Heroes -LRB- 2006 -- 07 -RRB- , Wendy Peyser on FX 's American Horror Story : Asylum -LRB- 2012 -- 13 -RRB- , and Emma Borden on Lifetime 's The Lizzie Borden Chronicles -LRB- 2015 -RRB- .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Hong Kong maintains its independent executive, legislative, and judiciary powers.
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Hong Kong , officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People 's Republic of China , is an autonomous territory on the Pearl River Delta of China . Macau lies across the delta to the west , and the province of Guangdong borders the territory to the north . With a total land area of 1,106 km2 and a population of over 7.3 million of various nationalities , it ranks as the world 's fourth most densely populated sovereign state or territory . After the First Opium War -LRB- 1839 -- 42 -RRB- , Hong Kong became a British colony with the perpetual cession of Hong Kong Island , followed by the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and a 99-year lease of the New Territories from 1898 . Hong Kong was later occupied by Japan during World War II until British control resumed in 1945 . In the early 1980s , negotiations between the United Kingdom and China resulted in the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration , which paved way for the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong in 1997 , when it became a special administrative region -LRB- SAR -RRB- of the Peoples Republic of China with a high degree of autonomy . Under the principle of `` one country , two systems '' , Hong Kong maintains a separate political and economic system from China . Except in military defence and foreign affairs , Hong Kong maintains its independent executive , legislative and judiciary powers . In addition , Hong Kong develops relations directly with foreign states and international organisations in a broad range of `` appropriate fields '' . Hong Kong is one of the world 's most significant financial centres , with the highest Financial Development Index score and consistently ranks as the world 's most competitive and freest economic entity . As the world 's 8th largest trading entity , its legal tender , the Hong Kong dollar , is the world 's 13th most traded currency . It 's also a member of the World Trade Organization -LRB- WTO -RRB- and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation -LRB- APEC -RRB- . Hong Kong 's tertiary sector dominated economy is characterised by simple taxation with a competitive level of corporate tax and supported by its independent judiciary system . However , while Hong Kong has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world , it suffers from severe income inequality . Hong Kong is renowned for its deep natural harbour , which enables ready access by international cargo ships , and its impressive skyline , with a very high density of skyscrapers ; the territory boasts the second largest number of high rises of any city in the world . It has a very high Human Development Index ranking and the world 's longest life expectancy . Over 90 % of the population makes use of well-developed public transportation . Seasonal air pollution with origins from neighbouring industrial areas of Mainland China , which adopts loose emissions standards , has resulted in a high level of atmospheric particulates .
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Politics of Hungary takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic . The Prime Minister is the head of government of a pluriform multi-party system , while the President is the head of state and holds a largely ceremonial position . Executive power is exercised by the government . Legislative power is vested in both the government and the parliament . The party system since the last elections is dominated by the conservative Fidesz . The two larger oppositions are Hungarian Socialist Party -LRB- MSZP -RRB- and Jobbik ; there are also opposition parties with no formal faction but representation in parliament -LRB- e. g. Politics Can Be Different -RRB- The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature . Hungary is an independent , democratic and constitutional state , which has been a member of the European Union since 2004 . Since 1989 Hungary has been a parliamentary republic . Legislative power is exercised by the unicameral National Assembly that consists of 199 members . Members of the National Assembly are elected for four years .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Detroit was founded by a Spanish explorer.
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Detroit -LRB- -LSB- dᵻˈtrɔɪt -RSB- -RRB- is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan , the largest city on the United States -- Canada border , and the seat of Wayne County . The municipality of Detroit had a 2015 estimated population of 677,116 , making it the 21st-most populous city in the United States . The metropolitan area , known as Metro Detroit , is home to 4.3 million people , making it the second-largest in the Midwest . Detroit is a major port on the Detroit River , a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway . The Detroit Metropolitan Airport is among the most important hubs in the United States . The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest , behind Chicago , and the thirteenth-largest in the United States . Detroit and its neighboring Canadian city Windsor are connected through a tunnel and the Ambassador Bridge , the busiest international crossing in North America . Detroit is best-known as the center of the American automobile industry , and the `` Big Three '' auto manufacturers General Motors , Ford , and Chrysler are all headquartered in Metro Detroit . Detroit was founded on July 24 , 1701 by the French explorer and adventurer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac and a party of settlers . During the 19th century , it became an important industrial hub at the center of the Great Lakes region . With expansion of the auto industry in the early 20th century , the city and its suburbs experienced rapid growth , and by the 1940s , the city had become the fourth-largest in the country . However , due to industrial restructuring , the loss of jobs in the auto industry , and rapid suburbanization , Detroit lost considerable population from the late 20th century to the present . Since reaching a peak of 1.8 million at the 1950 census , Detroit 's population has declined by more than 60 per cent . In 2013 , Detroit became the largest U.S. city to file for bankruptcy , which it successfully exited in December 2014 , when the city government regained control of Detroit 's finances . Detroit 's diverse culture has had both local and international influence , particularly in music , with the city giving rise to the genres of Motown and techno , and playing an important role in the development of jazz , hip-hop , rock , and punk music . The erstwhile rapid growth of Detroit left a globally unique stock of architectural monuments and historic places of the first half of the 20th century , and since the 2000s conservation efforts managed to save many architectural pieces and allowed several large-scale revitalisations , including the restoration of several historic theatres and entertainment venues , highrise renovations , new sports stadiums , and a riverfront revitalization project . More recently , the population of Downtown Detroit , Midtown Detroit , and various other neighborhoods has increased . In 2015 , Detroit was named a `` City of Design '' by UNESCO , the first U.S. city to receive that designation .
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This is a list of notable crossings of the Atlantic Ocean . Around 600 -- 400 BC , Hanno the Navigator explored West Africa and possibly reached and crossed the Gulf of Guinea and the equator . Around 980 -- 982 , Norse explorer Erik the Red discovered Greenland , geographically and geologically a part of the Americas . Around 1000 , Norse explorer Leifur Eríksson , son of Erik the Red , made landfall at Vinland , tentatively identified with the Norse archeological site at L'Anse aux Meadows on the northern tip of Newfoundland on the Atlantic coast of Canada . Around 1010 , Norse explorers and spouses Þorfinnur karlsefni Þórðarson and Guðríður víðförla Þorbjarnardóttir led an expedition to Vinland where they begat their son Snorri Þorfinnsson , the first European born in the Americas outside of Greenland . In 1419 and 1427 , Portuguese navigators reached Madeira and Azores , respectively . From 1415 to 1488 , Portuguese navigators explored the Western African coast , crossed the Equator , and reached the South Atlantic , the Southern Hemisphere , and the Cape of Good Hope in the southern tip of Africa , entering the Indian Ocean . In 1492 , Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic Ocean and landed on the Bahamas , Cuba and Hispaniola . He made three additional voyages over the next few years , during which he explored the Caribbean coast from Honduras to Venezuela as well as numerous Caribbean islands . These explorations , along with Columbus 's attempts to establish a permanent settlement on Hispaniola , led to the European colonization of the Americas and a period of Columbian Exchange that permanently altered human cultures and the environment on both sides of the Atlantic . The establishment of the first transatlantic trade route provided a significant source of revenue to the Crown of Castile , leading to the development of the Spanish Empire . Communicable diseases , unintentionally brought from the Old World to the New World by Europeans , devastated the Amerindian populations , causing the deaths of an estimated 80-95 % of the native population of the Americas within 150 years of Columbus 's arrival . Columbus also hoped to enslave the native residents of Hispaniola and transport them to Europe ; although unsuccessful in this endeavour , his efforts marked the beginning of the transatlantic slave trade that displaced an estimated 11-20 million people from Africa to the Americas over the next several centuries . From 1496 to 1498 John Cabot made three voyages to North America from Bristol , landing in Newfoundland and/or possibly the Canadian Maritimes . In 1500 , Pedro Álvares Cabral reached Brazil . In 1519 Ferdinand Magellan sailed from Spain to the South Atlantic , navigating the straits named after him and entering the Pacific Ocean . In 1524 , Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano , in the service of the King Francis I of France , discovered the United States of America 's east coast . In 1534 , Jacques Cartier entered the Gulf of St. Lawrence and reached the mouth of the St. Lawrence River . In April 1563 , Nicolas Barre and 20 other stranded Huguenots were the first to build a -LRB- crude -RRB- boat in the Americas and sail across the Atlantic . They sailed from Charlesfort , South Carolina to just off the coast of England where they were rescued by an English ship . Though they resorted to cannibalism , seven men survived the voyage , including Barre . In 1764 , William Harrison -LRB- the son of John Harrison -RRB- sailed aboard HMS Tartar , with the H-4 time piece . The voyage became the basis for the invention of the global system of Longitude . In 1858 , Cyrus West Field laid the first transatlantic telegraph cable -LRB- it quickly failed -RRB- . In 1865 , Brunel 's ship the SS Great Eastern laid the first successful transatlantic telegraph cable . In 1870 , the small City of Ragusa -LRB- Dubrovnik -RRB- became the first small lifeboat to cross the Atlantic from Cork to Boston with two crew , John Charles Buckley and Nikola Primorac -LRB- di Costa -RRB- . In 1896 , Frank Samuelsen and George Harbo from Norway became the first people to ever row across the Atlantic Ocean . On 15 April 1912 the RMS Titanic sank after hitting an iceberg with a loss of more than 1,500 lives . On 7 May 1915 the RMS Lusitania was torpedoed en route to Queenstown , Ireland , at the loss of 1,198 passengers . 1914 -- 1918 , during the Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I , more than 2,100 ships were sunk and 153 U-boats destroyed . In 1919 , the American NC-4 became the first seaplane to cross the Atlantic -LRB- though it made a couple of landings on islands and the sea along the way , and taxied several hundred miles -RRB- . Later in 1919 , a British aeroplane piloted by Alcock and Brown made the first non-stop transatlantic flight , from Newfoundland to Ireland . In 1921 , the British were the first to cross the North Atlantic in an airship . In 1922 , Portuguese aviators Sacadura Cabral and Gago Coutinho were the First aerial crossing of the South Atlantic on a seaplane connecting Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In May 1927 , Charles Nungesser and François Coli in their aircraft L'Oiseau Blanc -LRB- The White Bird -RRB- mysteriously disappeared in an attempt to make the first non-stop transatlantic flight from Paris to New York . In 1927 , Charles Lindbergh made the first solo non-stop transatlantic flight in an aircraft -LRB- between New York City and Paris -RRB- . In 1931 , Bert Hinkler made the first solo non-stop transatlantic flight across the South Atlantic in an aircraft . In 1932 , Amelia Earhart became the first female to make a solo flight across the Atlantic from Harbour Grace , Newfoundland to Derry , Northern Ireland . 1939 -- 1945 , during World War II , the Battle of the Atlantic resulted in nearly 3,700 ships sunk and 783 U-boats destroyed . In 1952 , Ann Davison was the first woman to single-handedly sail the Atlantic Ocean . In 1965 , Robert Manry crossed the Atlantic from the U.S. to England non-stop in a 13.5 ft sailboat named `` Tinkerbell '' . Several others also crossed the Atlantic in very small sailboats in the 1960s , none of them non-stop , though . In 1969 and 1970 Thor Heyerdahl launched expeditions to cross the Atlantic in boats built from papyrus . He succeeded in crossing the Atlantic from Morocco to Barbados after a two-month voyage of 6,100 km with Ra II in 1970 , thus conclusively proving that boats such as the Ra could have sailed with the Canary Current across the Atlantic in prehistoric times . In 1980 , Gérard d'Aboville was the first man to cross the Atlantic Ocean rowing solo . In 1984 , Amyr Klink crossed the south atlantic rowing solo from Namibia to Brazil in 100 days . In 1984 , five Argentines sail in a 10-meter-long raft made from tree trunks named Atlantis from Canary Islands and after 52 days 3000 mi journey arrived to Venezuela in an attempt to prove travellers from Africa may have crossed the Atlantic before Christopher Columbus . In 1994 , Guy Delage was the first man to allegedly swim across the Atlantic Ocean -LRB- with the help of a kick board , from Cape Verde to Barbados -RRB- . In 1998 , Benoît Lecomte was the first man to swim across the northern Atlantic Ocean without a kick board , stopping for only one week in the Azores . In 1999 , after rowing for 81 days and 4767 km , Tori Murden became the first woman to cross the Atlantic Ocean by rowboat alone when she reached Guadeloupe from the Canary Islands . In 2003 Alan Priddy and three crew members made a record crossing of the North Atlantic in a RIB from Newfoundland to Scotland , via Greenland and Iceland , in 103 hours .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Morena Baccarin is known for portraying Jessica Brody.
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Morena Silva de Vaz Setta Baccarin -LRB- -LSB- moˈɾenɐ ˈbakaɾĩ -RSB- ; born June 2 , 1979 -RRB- is a Brazilian American actress . She is known for portraying Inara Serra in the series Firefly and the follow-up film Serenity , Adria in the series Stargate SG-1 and the follow-up film Stargate : The Ark of Truth , Anna in the 2009 version of the series V , Vanessa in the superhero comedy film Deadpool , and Jessica Brody in the Showtime series Homeland -LRB- for which she received an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2013 -RRB- . She plays the role of Dr. Leslie Thompkins in the Fox television series Gotham .
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Jessica Harmon -LRB- born December 27 , 1985 -RRB- is a Canadian actress . She co-starred in the slasher flick Black Christmas as Megan Helms . She is perhaps best known for her supporting roles in iZombie as FBI agent Dale Bozzio and as Esrin in Battlestar Galactica : The Face of the Enemy . In 2010 , she won a Leo Award for Best Performance in a Music , Comedy , or Variety Program or Series for her role in the television pilot Wolf Canyon . Born in Barrie , Ontario , Canada , her parents are director Allan Harmon and producer Cynde Harmon ; her brother is actor Richard Harmon .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Jon Snow spoke to wildings.
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Jon Snow is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . He is a prominent point of view character in the novels , and has been called one of the author 's `` finest creations '' and most popular characters by The New York Times . Jon is a main character in the TV series , and his storyline in the 2015 season 5 finale generated a strong reaction among viewers . Speculation about the character 's parentage has also been a popular topic of discussion among fans of both the books and the TV series . Jon is introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones as the illegitimate son of Ned Stark , the honorable lord of Winterfell , an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional kingdom of Westeros . Knowing his prospects are limited by his status , Jon joins the Night 's Watch , who guard the far northern borders from the wildlings who live beyond The Wall . As the rest of the Starks face grave adversity , Jon finds himself honor bound to remain with the Watch . In A Clash of Kings -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , he joins a scouting party investigating the growing threat from the otherworldly `` Others '' beyond the Wall , and manages to infiltrate the wildlings . Jon learns of their plans to invade Westeros in A Storm of Swords -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , and begins to fall in love with the fierce wildling woman Ygritte . He betrays them -- and Ygritte -- before they can attack , but the Night Watch 's victory comes at a heavy price for Jon . Now the Lord Commander of the Watch , he appears briefly in 2005 's A Feast for Crows . Jon returns as a prominent character in a A Dance with Dragons -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , working to negotiate an alliance between the Night 's Watch and the wildlings . The growing animosity he has attracted from among the Watch finally catches up with him , and he is forced to face the dire consequences . Jon is portrayed by Kit Harington on the HBO series Game of Thrones . His storyline follows the character 's plot arc from the novel series , though season 6 of the TV adaptation continued on from the events of Martin 's latest published installment . Harington was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for the role in 2016 . He was also nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television in 2012 and 2016 . He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 .
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The fifth season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered on HBO on April 12 , and concluded on June 14 , 2015 . It was broadcast on Sunday at 9:00 pm in the United States , consisting of 10 episodes , each running approximately 50 -- 60 minutes . The season primarily adapts material from A Feast for Crows and A Dance with Dragons , the fourth and fifth novels in George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series , though it also uses elements from the third novel , A Storm of Swords , as well as the upcoming sixth novel The Winds of Winter . It also contains original content not found in Martin 's novels . The series is adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss . HBO ordered the fifth season on April 8 , 2014 , together with the sixth season , which began filming in July 2014 . The season was filmed primarily in Ireland , Northern Ireland , Croatia and Spain . Game of Thrones features a large ensemble cast , including Peter Dinklage , Nikolaj Coster-Waldau , Lena Headey , Emilia Clarke and Kit Harington . The season introduced a number of new cast members , including Jonathan Pryce and Alexander Siddig . Critics praised the show 's production values and cast , with specific accolades for Dinklage 's portrayal of Tyrion Lannister . Viewership yet again rose compared to the previous season . This season set a Guinness World Records for winning the highest number of Emmy Awards for a series in a single season and year , winning 12 out of 24 nominations , including Outstanding Drama Series .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Tubelight is a religion.
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Tubelight is an upcoming Indian historical war drama film written , and directed by Kabir Khan . The film is produced by Salman Khan and Kabir Khan . Set in the 1962 Sino-Indian War , it stars Salman Khan in the lead role who plays a man from India . It is confirmed from the director that Shah Rukh Khan will play a cameo on the film . Julius Packiam and Pritam will compose the music of the film , with the former composing the film score and latter composing the songs . The film is scheduled for release on 23 June 2017 during EID Festival . The end credits in the teaser revealed that the story of the film is based on the 2015 movie Little Boy . .
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The Holy Fire -LRB- Greek Ἃγιον Φῶς , `` Holy Light '' -RRB- is described by Orthodox Christians as a miracle that occurs every year at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem on Great Saturday , or Holy Saturday , the day preceding Orthodox Easter .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Game of Thrones (season 3) takes place in Westeros.
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The third season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered in the United States on HBO on March 31 , 2013 , and concluded on June 9 , 2013 . It was broadcast on Sunday at 9:00 pm in the United States , consisting of 10 episodes , each running approximately 50 -- 60 minutes . The season is based roughly on the first half of A Storm of Swords -LRB- the third of the A Song of Ice and Fire novels by George R. R. Martin , of which the series is an adaptation -RRB- . The series is adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss . HBO renewed the series for a third season on April 10 , 2012 , nine days after the second season 's premiere . Production began in July 2012 . The show was filmed primarily in Ireland , Northern Ireland , Croatia , Iceland and Morocco . The story takes place in a fictional world , primarily upon a continent called Westeros , with one storyline occurring on another continent to the east known as Essos . Like the novel , the season follows the climatic battle at Kings Landing . Season three like the previous season mainly centres around the war of the five kings ; after the death of Renly Baratheon -LRB- Gethin Anthony -RRB- , all four kings in Westeros believes to have a claim to the Iron Throne , besides Robb Stark -LRB- Richard Madden -RRB- , who seeks vengeance for the death of his father , Lord Eddard `` Ned '' Stark -LRB- Sean Bean -RRB- . Game of Thrones features a large ensemble cast , including Peter Dinklage , Nikolaj Coster-Waldau , Lena Headey , Emilia Clarke and Kit Harington . The season introduced a number of new cast members , including Ciarán Hinds , Nathalie Emmanuel and Iwan Rheon . Critics praised the show 's production values and cast . Viewership yet again rose compared to the previous season . It won 2 of the 16 Emmy Awards for which it was nominated , it received a nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series -LRB- Dinklage -RRB- , Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series -LRB- Clarke -RRB- and Outstanding Drama Series . It also won the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Drama Series .
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is a series of CGI anime shorts produced by Jinni 's Animation Studios and Walt Disney Television International Japan . The designer is Hitoshi Fukuchi . It is animated entirely in 3D with no cel-shading of any sort , as would be typical for the medium . The show takes place in the distant future of the 13th , 4-9th millennium , and revolves around the happenings inside a giant manor -LRB- named ` Tempest Tower ' -RRB- inhabited by two robots ; the gynoid duchess Drossel von Flügel -LRB- title and full name : the 1.9 th Lord of Uranos ' Kingdom 's Tempest Domain , Drossel Juno Vierzehntes Heizregister Fürstin von Flügel ; voiced by Miyuki Kawashō -RRB- and her massive cyclopian arachnoid servant , Gedächtnis -LRB- voiced by Toru Okawa -RRB- . The episodes are usually nonsensical in nature , normally showing the two characters making idle conversation in the midst of a war with humanity . A third character , a monkey-robot named `` Schadenfreude '' , joins them later .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Grant Gustin was rejected for the role of Sebastian Smythe.
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Thomas Grant Gustin -LRB- born January 14 , 1990 -RRB- is an American actor , singer , and dancer . He is known for his role as Barry Allen / the Flash -LRB- based on the DC Comics character of the same name -RRB- on the CW series The Flash and Arrow , both in the Arrowverse television franchise , and his role as Sebastian Smythe on the Fox series Glee .
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Robert Lewis Glenister -LRB- born 11th March 1960 -RRB- is an English actor known for his roles as con man Ash `` Three Socks '' Morgan in the BBC television series Hustle and Nicholas Blake in the BBC spy drama Spooks .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Oz the Great and Powerful had a general theatrical release in July 2013.
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Oz the Great and Powerful -LRB- working title Brick -RRB- is a 2013 American fantasy adventure film directed by Sam Raimi and produced by Joe Roth , from a screenplay written by David Lindsay-Abaire and Mitchell Kapner . The film stars James Franco as the titular character , Mila Kunis , Rachel Weisz , and Michelle Williams with Zach Braff , Bill Cobbs , Joey King , and Tony Cox in supporting roles . Based on L. Frank Baum 's Oz novels and set 20 years before the events of the original novel , Oz the Great and Powerful is a spiritual prequel to the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film , The Wizard of Oz . The film tells the story of Oscar Diggs , a deceptive magician who arrives in the Land of Oz and encounters three witches : Theodora , Evanora , and Glinda . Oscar is then enlisted to restore order in Oz , while struggling to resolve conflicts with the witches and himself . Kapner began developing an origin story for the Wizard of Oz after a lifelong interest of wanting to create one for the character . Walt Disney Pictures commissioned the film 's production in 2009 , with Joe Roth as producer and Grant Curtis , Joshua Donen , Philip Steuer , and Palak Patel serving as executive producers . Raimi was hired to direct the following year . After Robert Downey Jr. and Johnny Depp declined the titular role , Franco was cast in February 2011 , with principal photography commencing five months later . Danny Elfman composed the film 's score . Oz the Great and Powerful premiered at the El Capitan Theatre on February 14 , 2013 , and with general theatrical release on March 8 , 2013 , through the Disney Digital 3-D , RealD 3D and IMAX 3D formats , as well as in conventional theaters . It grossed over $ 493 million worldwide against a $ 215 million budget and is the thirteenth highest-grossing film of 2013 . The film won the Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Live Action Family Film . Kunis , for her portrayal as the Wicked Witch of the West , won the MTV Movie Award for Best Villain .
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The Wonderful Wizard of Oz , known in Japan as , is a Japanese anime adaptation based on four of the original Oz books by L. Frank Baum . In Japan , the series aired on TV Tokyo from 1986 to 1987 . It consists of 52 episodes , which explain other parts of the Oz stories , including the events that happened after Dorothy returned home .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Guardians of the Galaxy had Kevin Feige as a producer.
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Guardians of the Galaxy -LRB- retroactively referred to as Guardians of the Galaxy Vol . 1 -RRB- is a 2014 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . It is the tenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . The film was directed by James Gunn , who wrote the screenplay with Nicole Perlman , and features an ensemble cast including Chris Pratt , Zoe Saldana , Dave Bautista , Vin Diesel , Bradley Cooper , Lee Pace , Michael Rooker , Karen Gillan , Djimon Hounsou , John C. Reilly , Glenn Close , and Benicio del Toro . In Guardians of the Galaxy , Peter Quill forms an uneasy alliance with a group of extraterrestrial misfits who are fleeing after stealing a powerful artifact . Perlman began working on the screenplay in 2009 . Producer Kevin Feige first publicly mentioned Guardians of the Galaxy as a potential film in 2010 and Marvel Studios announced it was in active development at the San Diego Comic-Con International in July 2012 . Gunn was hired to write and direct the film that September . In February 2013 , Pratt was hired to play Peter Quill / Star-Lord , and the supporting cast members were subsequently confirmed . Principal photography began in July 2013 at Shepperton Studios in England , with filming continuing in London before wrapping up in October 2013 . Post-production was finished on July 7 , 2014 . The film premiered in Hollywood on July 21 , 2014 . It was released in theaters on August 1 , 2014 in the United States in the 3D and IMAX 3D formats . The film became a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 773.3 million worldwide and becoming the highest-grossing superhero film of 2014 , as well as the third highest-grossing film in North America of 2014 . The film garnered praise for its humor , action , soundtrack , visual effects , direction , musical score , and acting . A sequel , Guardians of the Galaxy Vol . 2 , was released on May 5 , 2017 , with a third film , Guardians of the Galaxy Vol . 3 , planned .
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George Peter Fivas II -LRB- born May 25 , 1973 -RRB- is an American film producer , music producer , director , and actor living in Los Angeles . He is one of the founding organizers of the jazz and popular music group , Apollo . His directorial debut came in the form of Summer Solstice -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , an independently produced coming-of-age drama , which includes a well-reviewed performance from Academy Award nominee and Golden Globe winner Karen Black -LRB- Five Easy Pieces and The Great Gatsby -RRB- , and was released on Netflix in 2006 . He directed a music video for the song A New World -LRB- 2008 -RRB- by The JMD Project , a hit dance track in Europe , whose video has been broadcast on MTV Germany and other European outlets as an introduction to the Metropolis Revived concert series . Fivas is also a published scientist , having co-authored several papers on seismological phenomena in the Intermountain Region of The United States .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Colin Firth was selected for the Time 100.
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Colin Andrew Firth , -LRB- born 10 September 1960 -RRB- is an English actor . His films have grossed more than $ 3 billion from 42 releases worldwide . Firth has received an Academy Award , a Golden Globe Award , two BAFTA Awards , and three Screen Actors Guild Awards , as well as the Volpi Cup . Firth 's most notable and acclaimed role to date has been his 2010 portrayal of King George VI in The King 's Speech , a performance that earned him an Oscar and multiple worldwide best actor awards . Identified in the late 1980s with the `` Brit Pack '' of rising , young British actors , it was not until Firth 's portrayal of Mr. Darcy in the 1995 television adaptation of Jane Austen 's Pride and Prejudice that he received more widespread attention . This led to roles in films such as The English Patient , Bridget Jones 's Diary -LRB- for which Firth was nominated for a BAFTA -RRB- , Shakespeare in Love , and Love Actually . In 2009 , Firth received widespread critical acclaim for his leading role in A Single Man , for which Firth gained his first Academy Award nomination , and won a BAFTA Award . Firth starred in the action spy movie Kingsman : The Secret Service in 2014 , which was a commercial success and received generally positive reviews . In 2011 , Firth received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , and was also selected as one of the Time 100 . He was awarded an honorary degree from the University of Winchester in 2007 , and was made a Freeman of the City of London in 2012 . He has campaigned for the rights of indigenous tribal peoples , and is a member of Survival International . Firth has also campaigned on issues of asylum seekers , refugees ' rights , and the environment . He commissioned and is credited as a co-author on a scientific paper on a study into the differences in brain structure between people of differing political orientations .
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is the fifth book in the Time Bokan series , produced by Tatsunoko Productions and directed by Hiroshi Sasagawa . In this series , two royal houses battle for the power to rule the Kingdom of Fir . In order to secure the Kingdom , two representatives go back in time to find the mythical Firebird , which will allow its bearer to become the rightful ruler .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Alexander Lebedev is a man.
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Alexander Yevgenievich Lebedev -LRB- -LSB- Алекса́ндр Евге́ньевич Ле́бедев , p = ɐlʲɪˈksandr jɪvˈɡʲenʲjɪvʲɪtɕ ˈlʲebʲɪdʲɪf -RSB- born 16 December 1959 -RRB- is a Russian businessman , referred to as one of the Russian oligarchs . In March 2012 , he was listed by Forbes magazine as one of the richest Russians with an estimated fortune of $ 1.1 billion . However , his fortune has since declined , and he is no longer considered to be a billionaire . He is part owner of the Russian newspaper Novaya Gazeta and owner of two UK newspapers with son Evgeny Lebedev : the London Evening Standard , The Independent .
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Anna Anatolevna Levandi -LRB- née Kondrashova -RRB- , born 30 June 1965 in Moscow -RRB- is a Russian figure skater who represented the Soviet Union in international competition . She was the 1984 World silver medalist and four-time European bronze medalist . She competed at two Winter Olympic Games . Following her marriage , she took her husband 's surname and moved to Estonia . She works as a coach in Tallinn .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Warren G. Harding was born in Miami.
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Warren Gamaliel Harding -LRB- November 2 , 1865 -- August 2 , 1923 -RRB- was the 29th President of the United States , serving from March 4 , 1921 , until his death in 1923 . At the time of his death , he was one of the most popular presidents , but the subsequent exposure of scandals that took place under his administration , such as Teapot Dome , eroded his popular regard , as did revelations of an affair by Nan Britton , one of his mistresses . In historical rankings of the U.S. presidents , Harding is often rated among the worst . Harding was born in Blooming Grove , Ohio . He lived in rural Ohio all his life , except when political service took him elsewhere . He settled in Marion when not yet 20 years old and bought The Marion Star , building it into a successful newspaper . In 1899 , he was elected to the Ohio State Senate and , after four years there , successfully ran for lieutenant governor . He was defeated for governor in 1910 , but was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1914 . Harding ran for the Republican nomination for president in 1920 , but he was considered an also-ran with little chance of success . The leading candidates , such as General Leonard Wood , could not gain a majority to secure the nomination , and the convention deadlocked . Harding 's support gradually grew until he was nominated on the 10th ballot . He conducted a front porch campaign , remaining for the most part in Marion and allowing the people to come to him . He won in a landslide over Democrat James M. Cox and Socialist Party candidate Eugene Debs , running on a theme of return to normalcy and becoming the first sitting senator to be elected president . Harding appointed a number of well-regarded figures , including Andrew Mellon at the Treasury , Herbert Hoover at Commerce and Charles Evans Hughes at the State Department . A major foreign policy achievement came with the Washington Naval Conference of 1921 -- 1922 , in which the world 's major naval powers agreed on a naval limitations program that lasted a decade . Two members of his cabinet were implicated in corruption : Interior Secretary Albert Fall and Attorney General Harry Daugherty . The resulting scandals did not fully emerge until after Harding 's death , nor did word of his extramarital affairs , but both greatly damaged his reputation . Harding died of a heart attack in San Francisco while on a western speaking tour ; he was succeeded by his vice president , Calvin Coolidge .
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Harding Township is a township in Morris County , New Jersey , United States . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population of the township was 3,838 , reflecting an increase of 658 -LRB- +20.7 % -RRB- from the 3,180 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn declined by 460 -LRB- -12.6 % -RRB- from the 3,640 counted in the 1990 Census . The 07976 ZIP code for New Vernon was named one of the `` 25 Richest Zip Codes '' in the United States by Forbes magazine in 2006 . Many relatively unchanged large country estates that have been passed down through several generations attest to the wealth of many of its residents . Some have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places and some of those have nonprofit support organizations that assure the retention of the original nature of the properties . Harding Township was formed as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on September 1 , 1922 , from portions of Passaic Township -LRB- now known as Long Hill Township -RRB- , based on the results of a referendum passed on May 9 , 1922 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Stephen Rider acted in a series.
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Stephen Rider is an American film and television actor , best known for playing Admiral Stephen W. Rochon in the film The Butler and Eric Millworth in the series Lucky 7 . He is currently playing a District Attorney named Blake Tower in the Marvel 's series Daredevil .
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is a spinoff video game series of the Kamen Rider Series . __ TOC __
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Dwight Schrute was based on nobody.
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Dwight Kurt Schrute III -LSB- ˈdwait ˈkərt ˈshrut -RSB- is a fictional character on the American TV comedy series The Office , portrayed by Rainn Wilson , and based on Gareth Keenan from the original UK version of The Office . His character is one of the highest-ranking salesmen as well as assistant to the regional manager at the paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin , although the series expands on his character as bed-and-breakfast proprietor at Schrute Farms , a beet plantation , and as the owner of the business park enclosing Dunder Mifflin . He is notorious for his lack of social skills and common sense , his love for martial arts and the justice system , and his office rivalry with fellow salesman Jim Halpert . He has at times risen to the position of acting Branch Manager of the Scranton branch , but often serves as a second or third in command as Assistant -LRB- to the -RRB- Regional Manager . In the final season , Dwight is finally offered the position of permanent Regional Manager .
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Dwight Schar is an American businessman and philanthropist . He is the founder of NVR , Inc. , a Fortune 500 company that is the third-largest home builder -LRB- by revenue -RRB- in the United States . He currently serves as the company 's Executive Chairman and Chairman of Executive Committee . Schar is also a part-owner of the Washington Redskins football team , and the former Finance Chairman for the Republican National Committee . He lives in McLean , Virginia and Palm Beach , Florida .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Wolfman's screenplay was written by a screenwriter.
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The Wolfman is a 2010 American horror drama film and a remake of the 1941 film of the same name . The film is directed by Joe Johnston , with a screenplay by Andrew Kevin Walker and David Self , and creature make-up effects by Rick Baker and stars Benicio del Toro , Anthony Hopkins , Emily Blunt , Hugo Weaving , and Geraldine Chaplin . Baker and make-up effects supervisor Dave Elsey won the Academy Award for Best Makeup at the 83rd Academy Awards . Acclaimed director Mark Romanek was originally attached to direct the film but later dropped out due to creative differences and Joe Johnston was hired shortly after . The film was released in the United States on February 12 , 2010 , grossing $ 61 million domestically and $ 139 million worldwide against a $ 150 million budget .
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Tab Murphy is an American screenwriter who works in movies and television , notable for writing Disney movies , like The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Atlantis : The Lost Empire , and for directed Last of the Dogmen .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Svitavy is in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic.
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Svitavy -LRB- -LSB- ˈsvɪtavɪ -RSB- ; Zwittau -RRB- is a town in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic . The town has a population of 18,000 and is also the district administrative centre . It is the birthplace of Oskar Schindler and an important center of the Czech Esperanto movement , with an Esperanto museum that is part of the city museum .
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Vejvanovice is a small village in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic . It has around 290 inhabitants .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Lumen Pierce appears on the TV show Dexter.
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Lumen Ann Pierce is a fictional character portrayed by Julia Stiles in the Showtime television series Dexter , season 5 . Lumen is introduced in the third episode -LRB- `` Practically Perfect '' -RRB- as a survivor of rapist-serial killer Boyd Fowler . She remains for the rest of the season , and leaves following the season 5 finale , `` The Big One '' . In season 5 , episode 5 , `` First Blood '' , Lumen is revealed to have been beaten and gang raped by a group of men , including Boyd Fowler . She witnesses Dexter Morgan kill Fowler , and thus becomes a key player in Dexter 's life . Dexter rescues her , but initially thinks he has no choice but to kill her in order to eliminate a witness . He eventually decides to spare her life , however . To earn Lumen 's trust , Dexter shows her the fate of Boyd 's dead victims , tells her he saved her from the same fate , and confides his wife was murdered by someone like Boyd . Lumen asks Dexter to help her seek revenge against her abusers , but he initially refuses . However , after Lumen continues on her own and targets the wrong suspect , Dexter teaches her the importance of knowing a person is guilty before killing him . He entreats her to leave Miami ; she agrees at first , but decides to stay after a pat-down at the airport brings back memories of her abuse . She goes out on her own and shoots one of her attackers , but panics not knowing what to do with his body ; she calls Dexter , who reluctantly helps her cover up the murder . That night , she tells him that killing the man brought her a sense of peace that she knows will not last ; she believes she will have to kill all of her attackers to get over her abuse for good . Dexter realizes that she harbors a `` Dark Passenger '' much like his and agrees to help , in part to find his own closure following Rita 's murder . The two then systematically hunt down and kill Lumen 's abusers , and in the process become lovers . Lumen leaves Dexter in the season finale , however , after realizing she no longer feels the need to kill . Lumen exited the show following the events of `` The Big One '' .
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Lemoine DeLeaver Pierce -LRB- September 2 , 1934 - October 5 , 2015 -RRB- was an American educator and international and domestic relations mediator .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Amy Poehler founded something.
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Amy Meredith Poehler -LRB- -LSB- ˈpoʊlər -RSB- born September 16 , 1971 -RRB- is an American actress , comedian , director , producer , and writer . After studying improv at Chicago 's Second City and ImprovOlympic in the early 1990s , she went to New York City in 1996 to become part of the improvisational comedy troupe Upright Citizens Brigade . The group 's act became a half-hour sketch comedy series on Comedy Central in 1998 . Along with other members of the comedy group , Poehler was a founder of the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre . She is best known by starring as Leslie Knope in the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation , for which she won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Television Musical or Comedy Series in 2014 and a Critics ' Choice Award for Best Actress in a Comedy Series in 2012 . Poehler was a cast member on the NBC television series Saturday Night Live from 2001 to 2008 and became co-anchor of SNL 's Weekend Update in 2004 alongside friend and colleague Tina Fey . She is also known for voicing Joy from Inside Out , Sally O'Malley from the Horton Hears a Who ! movie adaption , Bessie Higgenbottom in the 2008 -- 2011 Nickelodeon series , The Mighty B ! and Homily Clock from the American-English dub of The Secret World of Arrietty . Poehler served as an executive producer on the Swedish-American sitcom Welcome to Sweden , along with her brother Greg Poehler . The series aired on NBC . She is also an executive producer on Broad City which airs on Comedy Central , and appeared in the season one finale . Since August 2015 , she has served as an executive producer on the Hulu original series Difficult People , which stars her former Parks and Recreation co-star Billy Eichner and comedian Julie Klausner , the latter of whom is the creator of the show . In December 2015 , Poehler received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her contributions in television . An 18-time Primetime Emmy Award nominee , she won the 2016 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for Saturday Night Live .
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Amy Lippman is an American television producer and writer . She is perhaps best known as the co-creator of Party of Five with her writing partner , Christopher Keyser . She is politically conscious as a donor to Democratic candidates and causes . She also worked on the television series Sisters , In Treatment and the Party of Five spin-off Time of Your Life .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Fifth Harmony is a name of a song.
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Fifth Harmony is an American girl group formed on the second season of The X Factor US in July 2012 . The group consists of members Ally Brooke , Normani Kordei , Dinah Jane , Lauren Jauregui and previously , Camila Cabello , whose departure was announced on December 18 , 2016 . In January 2013 , they signed a joint deal with Syco Music , owned by Simon Cowell , and Epic Records , L.A. Reid 's record label , after finishing in third place on the show . In December 2016 , it was reported that all group members are also individually signed to Epic Records . Following their exit from The X Factor , they released their debut single `` Miss Movin ' On '' , which was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- . Its music video won the group the MTV Video Music Award for Artist to Watch . Their debut extended play -LRB- EP -RRB- , Better Together -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , had a first week position of number six on the US Billboard 200 . The group released their debut studio album Reflection in 2015 , debuting at number five on the Billboard 200 and receiving a gold certification from the RIAA . The album included the singles `` Boss '' , `` Sledgehammer '' and `` Worth It '' . The latter achieved triple platinum certification in the United States and reached the top-ten in thirteen countries . `` Work from Home '' , the lead single from their second album 7/27 -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , became the group 's first top-ten single on the US Billboard Hot 100 and the first top-five by a girl group in a decade on that chart . Their accolades include four iHeartRadio Music Awards , three MTV Europe Music Awards , three MTV Video Music Awards , an American Music Award , a Billboard Women in Music award and seven Teen Choice Awards . As of December 2016 , in the United States Fifth Harmony has sold a total of 424,000 albums , seven million digital songs and earned 1.6 billion on-demand streams , according to Nielsen Soundscan .
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`` Miss You Love '' is the fifth track on Australian rock band Silverchair 's third album , Neon Ballroom .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Sam Smith was on La La La.
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Samuel Frederick `` Sam '' Smith -LRB- born 19 May 1992 -RRB- is an English singer-songwriter . He rose to fame in October 2012 when he was featured on Disclosure 's breakthrough single `` Latch '' , which peaked at number eleven on the UK Singles Chart . His subsequent feature -- on Naughty Boy 's `` La La La '' -- earned him his first number one single in May 2013 . In December 2013 , he was nominated for the 2014 Brit Critics ' Choice Award and the BBC 's Sound of 2014 poll , both of which he won . He released his debut studio album , In the Lonely Hour , in May 2014 on Capitol Records UK . The lead single , `` Lay Me Down '' , was released prior to `` La La La '' . The second single , `` Money on My Mind '' , became his second number one single in the UK . The album 's third single , `` Stay with Me '' , was an international success , reaching number one in the UK and number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 , while the fourth single `` I 'm Not the Only One '' reached the top five in both countries . The fifth single , `` Like I Can '' , reached number nine in the UK . He made his US debut on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon , followed by a performance on Saturday Night Live in March 2014 . In December 2014 , Smith was nominated for six Grammy Awards , and at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in February 2015 he won four : Best New Artist , `` Stay with Me '' for Record of the Year and Song of the Year , and In the Lonely Hour for Best Pop Vocal Album . At the 2015 Brit Awards , he won the awards for British Breakthrough Act and Global Success . At the 2015 Billboard Music Awards , Smith received three Billboard Awards : Top Male Artist , Top New Artist , and Top Radio Songs Artist . His musical achievements have also led him to be mentioned twice in the Guinness World Records . For his and Jimmy Napes ' song `` Writing 's on the Wall '' , the theme for the James Bond film Spectre -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , Smith won the Golden Globe Award and the Academy Award for Best Original Song .
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Sam I Am may refer to : a character in Dr. Seuss ' book Green Eggs and Ham Sam-I-Am , a 1986 album by Sam Harris `` Sam I Am , '' a song from Sammy Hagar 's album Livin ' It Up ! Samiam , a Berkeley , California punk band Sam I Am -LRB- TV series -RRB- , an ABC television series also known as Samantha Be Good and Samantha Who ? , starring Christina Applegate `` Sam I Am '' -LRB- Charmed -RRB- , an episode of the television series Charmed a nickname for basketball player Sam Cassell
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Megan Fox began her acting career in 2001.
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Megan Denise Fox -LRB- born May 16 , 1986 -RRB- is an American actress and model . She began her acting career in 2001 , with several minor television and film roles , and played a regular role on the Hope & Faith television sitcom . In 2004 , she made her film debut with a role in the teen comedy Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen . In 2007 , she co-starred as Mikaela Banes , the love interest of Shia LaBeouf 's character , in the blockbuster action film Transformers , which became her breakout role . Fox reprised her role in the 2009 sequel , Transformers : Revenge of the Fallen . Later in 2009 , she starred as the eponymous lead in the black comedy horror film Jennifer 's Body . Fox is also considered one of the modern female sex symbols and has appeared in magazines such as Maxim , Rolling Stone and FHM .
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Blonde is a 2001 American made-for-television film on the life of Marilyn Monroe , with Australian actress Poppy Montgomery in the lead role . The film was adapted from Joyce Carol Oates ´ s 2001 Pulitzer Prize finalist novel of the same name .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Ty Cobb's place of birth is in rural Narrows.
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Tyrus Raymond Cobb -LRB- December 18 , 1886 -- July 17 , 1961 -RRB- , nicknamed The Georgia Peach , was an American Major League Baseball -LRB- MLB -RRB- outfielder . He was born in rural Narrows , Georgia . Cobb spent 22 seasons with the Detroit Tigers , the last six as the team 's player-manager , and finished his career with the Philadelphia Athletics . In 1936 Cobb received the most votes of any player on the inaugural Baseball Hall of Fame ballot , receiving 222 out of a possible 226 votes -LRB- 98.2 % -RRB- ; no other player received a higher percentage of votes until 1992 . In 1999 , editors at the Sporting News ranked Ty Cobb 3rd on their list of `` Baseball 's 100 Greatest Players '' . Cobb is widely credited with setting 90 MLB records during his career . He still holds several records as of the end of the 2016 season , including the highest career batting average -LRB- .366 or .367 , depending on source -RRB- and most career batting titles with 11 -LRB- or 12 , depending on source -RRB- . He retained many other records for almost a half century or more , including most career hits until 1985 -LRB- 4,189 or 4,191 , depending on source -RRB- , most career runs -LRB- 2,245 or 2,246 depending on source -RRB- until 2001 , most career games played -LRB- 3,035 -RRB- and at bats -LRB- 11,429 or 11,434 depending on source -RRB- until 1974 , and the modern record for most career stolen bases -LRB- 892 -RRB- until 1977 . He still holds the career record for stealing home -LRB- 54 times -RRB- and for stealing second base , third base , and home in succession -LRB- 5 times -RRB- , and as the youngest player ever to compile 4,000 hits and score 2,000 runs . Cobb ranks fifth all-time in number of games played and committed 271 errors , the most by any American League -LRB- AL -RRB- outfielder . Cobb 's legacy as an athlete has sometimes been overshadowed by his surly temperament and aggressive playing style , which was described by the Detroit Free Press as `` daring to the point of dementia . '' Cobb himself wrote shortly before his death , `` In legend I am a sadistic , slashing , swashbuckling despot who waged war in the guise of sport . '' Cobb was notorious for sliding into bases feet first , with his spikes high . Cobb 's legacy , which includes a large college scholarship fund for Georgia residents financed by his early investments in Coca-Cola and General Motors , has been tarnished by allegations of racism and violence , largely stemming from a couple of biographies that were released following his death . Cobb 's reputation as an extremely violent man was fanned by his first biographer , sportswriter Al Stump , whose stories about Cobb have been discredited as sensationalized , and in some part proven to be entirely fictional , while Cobb 's views on race evolved and mellowed after his retirement from baseball .
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Tyler Woods -LRB- born November 29 , 1982 -RRB- is an American singer-songwriter , composer , multi-instrumentalist and producer . Born in Pleasantville , New Jersey and raised in Fayetteville , North Carolina , Tyler Woods was influenced by music from an early age , participating in church choirs , studying piano , and forming his own group , Devoted . After graduating high school , Woods immediately began touring Europe with N-Trigue . His debut album The R&B Sensation , produced by Grammy Award-winning producer 9th Wonder , was released in 2009 . Tyler Woods has also been featured with many artists including Styles P , Talib Kweli , Buckshot , Chink Santana , Lloyd , Marc Dorsey , Living Color , Bink , and The LOX .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Nelson Mandela is a socialist.
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Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela -LRB- -LSB- mænˈdɛlə -RSB- 18 July 1918 -- 5 December 2013 -RRB- was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary , politician , and philanthropist , who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999 . He was the country 's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election . His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation . Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist , he served as President of the African National Congress -LRB- ANC -RRB- party from 1991 to 1997 . A Xhosa , Mandela was born in Mvezo to the Thembu royal family . He studied law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of the Witwatersrand before working as a lawyer in Johannesburg . There he became involved in anti-colonial and African nationalist politics , joining the ANC in 1943 and co-founding its Youth League in 1944 . After the National Party 's white-only government established apartheid -- a system of racial segregation that privileged whites -- he and the ANC committed themselves to its overthrow . Mandela was appointed President of the ANC 's Transvaal branch , rising to prominence for his involvement in the 1952 Defiance Campaign and the 1955 Congress of the People . He was repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and was unsuccessfully prosecuted in the 1956 Treason Trial . Influenced by Marxism , he secretly joined the banned South African Communist Party -LRB- SACP -RRB- . Although initially committed to non-violent protest , in association with the SACP he co-founded the militant Umkhonto we Sizwe in 1961 and led a sabotage campaign against the government . In 1962 , he was arrested for conspiring to overthrow the state and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Rivonia Trial . Mandela served 27 years in prison , initially on Robben Island , and later in Pollsmoor Prison and Victor Verster Prison . Amid growing domestic and international pressure , and with fears of a racial civil war , President F. W. de Klerk released him in 1990 . Mandela and de Klerk negotiated an end to apartheid and organised the 1994 multiracial general election in which Mandela led the ANC to victory and became President . Leading a broad coalition government which promulgated a new constitution , Mandela emphasised reconciliation between the country 's racial groups and created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate past human rights abuses . Economically , Mandela 's administration retained its predecessor 's liberal framework despite his own socialist beliefs , also introducing measures to encourage land reform , combat poverty , and expand healthcare services . Internationally , he acted as mediator in the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial and served as Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1998 to 1999 . He declined a second presidential term and in 1999 was succeeded by his deputy , Thabo Mbeki . Mandela became an elder statesman and focused on combating poverty and HIV/AIDS through the charitable Nelson Mandela Foundation . Mandela was a controversial figure for much of his life . Although critics on the right denounced him as a communist terrorist and those on the radical left deemed him too eager to negotiate and reconcile with apartheid 's supporters , he gained international acclaim for his activism . Widely regarded as an icon of democracy and social justice , he received more than 250 honours -- including the Nobel Peace Prize -- and became the subject of a cult of personality . He is held in deep respect within South Africa , where he is often referred to by his Xhosa clan name , Madiba , and described as the `` Father of the Nation '' .
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Oliver Reginald Tambo -LRB- 27 October 191724 April 1993 -RRB- was a South African anti-apartheid politician and revolutionary who served as President of the African National Congress -LRB- ANC -RRB- from 1967 to 1991 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Jeff Bridges played a character in Crazy Heart.
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Jeffrey Leon Bridges -LRB- born December 4 , 1949 -RRB- is an American actor , singer , and producer . He comes from a prominent acting family and appeared on the television series Sea Hunt -LRB- 1958 -- 60 -RRB- , with his father , Lloyd Bridges and brother , Beau Bridges . He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Otis `` Bad '' Blake in the 2009 film Crazy Heart , and earned Academy Award nominations for his roles in The Last Picture Show -LRB- 1971 -RRB- , Thunderbolt and Lightfoot -LRB- 1974 -RRB- , Starman -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , The Contender -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , True Grit -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , and Hell or High Water -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . His other films include Tron -LRB- 1982 -RRB- , Jagged Edge -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , The Fabulous Baker Boys -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , The Fisher King -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , Fearless -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , The Big Lebowski -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , Seabiscuit -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , Iron Man -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Tron : Legacy -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , and The Giver -LRB- 2014 -RRB- .
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Elizabeth `` Betty '' Hofstadt Francis -LRB- formerly Draper -RRB- is a fictional character on AMC 's television series Mad Men , portrayed by January Jones . The character 's appearance is often compared to Grace Kelly . Jones received two Golden Globe nominations and a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for her performance . She also won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series twice along with the cast of Mad Men .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Red was directed by a German.
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Red is a 2010 American action comedy film inspired by the limited comic book series of the same name created by Warren Ellis and Cully Hamner and published by the DC Comics imprint Homage . The film stars Bruce Willis , Morgan Freeman , John Malkovich , Mary-Louise Parker , Helen Mirren and Karl Urban , with German film director Robert Schwentke directing a screenplay by Jon Hoeber and Erich Hoeber . In the film version , the title is derived from the designation of former CIA Agent Frank Moses -LRB- Bruce Willis -RRB- , meaning `` Retired , Extremely Dangerous '' . The film was released on October 15 , 2010 . The film grossed $ 199 million worldwide . In 2011 , the film received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Musical or Comedy Film . A sequel , Red 2 , was released on July 19 , 2013 . Another sequel , Red 3 , is in development .
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The Woman in Red is a 1935 American film directed by Robert Florey and starring Barbara Stanwyck and Gene Raymond . Based on the novel North Shore by Wallace Irwin , the film is about a woman equestrian who meets and falls in love with a traveling polo player from a once wealthy family . After they are married , she is persuaded to entertain her friend 's wealthy client aboard a yacht . The client accidentally drowns , and her friend is arrested for his murder . Determined to keep her name out of the press , the friend does not reveal that he has a witness who can prove his innocence .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Chernobyl disaster caused 2 deaths within the facility core.
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The Chernobyl disaster , also referred to as the Chernobyl accident , was a catastrophic nuclear accident . It occurred on 26 April 1986 in the No. 4 light water graphite moderated reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant near Pripyat , in what was then part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic of the Soviet Union -LRB- USSR -RRB- . During a late night safety test which simulated a station blackout power-failure and in which safety systems were deliberately turned off , a combination of inherent reactor design flaws , together with the reactor operators arranging the core in a manner contrary to the checklist for the test , eventually resulted in uncontrolled reaction conditions that flashed water into steam generating a destructive steam explosion and a subsequent open-air graphite fire.Although most reports on the Chernobyl accident refer to a number of graphite fires , it is highly unlikely that the graphite itself burned . According to the General Atomics website < http://gt-mhr.ga.com/safety.php > : `` It is often incorrectly assumed that the combustion behavior of graphite is similar to that of charcoal and coal . Numerous tests and calculations have shown that it is virtually impossible to burn high-purity , nuclear-grade graphites . '' On Chernobyl , the same source states : `` Graphite played little or no role in the progression or consequences of the accident . The red glow observed during the Chernobyl accident was the expected color of luminescence for graphite at 700 ° C and not a large-scale graphite fire , as some have incorrectly assumed . '' Similarly , nuclear physicist Yevgeny Velikhov , < http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4918742.stm > noted some 2 weeks after the accident that `` Until now the possibility of a catastrophe really did exist : A great quantity of fuel and graphite of the reactor was in an incandescent state '' That is , all the nuclear-decay heat that was generated inside the uranium fuel -LRB- heat which would normally be extracted by back-up coolant pumps , in an undamaged reactor -RRB- was instead responsible for making the fuel itself and any graphite in contact with it , to glow red-hot . This is contrary to the oft cited interpretation , which is that the graphite was red-hot chiefly because it was chemically oxidizing with the air . This fire produced considerable updrafts for about 9 days , that lofted plumes of fission products into the atmosphere , with the estimated radioactive inventory that was released during this very hot fire phase , approximately equal in magnitude to the airborne fission products released in the initial destructive explosion . Practically all of this radioactive material would then go on to fall-out/precipitate onto much of the surface of the western USSR and Europe . The Chernobyl accident dominates the Energy accidents sub-category , of most disastrous nuclear power plant accident in history , both in terms of cost and casualties . It is one of only two nuclear energy accidents classified as a level 7 event -LRB- the maximum classification -RRB- on the International Nuclear Event Scale , the other being the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan in 2011 . The struggle to safeguard against scenarios which were , at many times falsely , perceived as having the potential for greater catastrophe and the later decontamination efforts of the surroundings , ultimately involved over 500,000 workers and cost an estimated 18 billion rubles . During the accident , blast effects caused 2 deaths within the facility and later 29 firemen and employees died in the days-to-months afterward from acute radiation syndrome , with the potential for long-term cancers still being investigated . The remains of the No. 4 reactor building were enclosed in a large sarcophagus -LRB- radiation shield -RRB- by December 1986 , at a time when what was left of the reactor was entering the cold shut-down phase ; the enclosure was built quickly as occupational safety for the crews of the other undamaged reactors at the power station , with No. 3 continuing to produce electricity into 2000 . The accident motivated safety upgrades on all remaining Soviet-designed reactors in the RBMK -LRB- Chernobyl No. 4 -RRB- family , of which eleven continued to power electric grids as of 2013 .
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was a survivor of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki and later an anti-nuclear movement leader . Yamaguchi was born in 1930 to a poor family in Nagasaki . In 1945 , he was employed as an under-age weapons maker . On August 9 , 1945 , he suffered keloid scars while working at the weapon factory when the United States of America dropped a nuclear bomb , which destroyed nearly everything in Nagasaki . Yamaguchi has only served in two anti-nuclear organizations , one being the Anti-nuclear arms movement in 1955 and heading the Japan Confederation of A - and H-Bomb Sufferers Organizations between the years of 1981 and 2010 . He even once was granted permission to be involved in the 1982 United Nations meeting . In his last years , he was hospitalized and died of an illness on July 6 , 2013 in Unzen , Nagasaki .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows does not follow Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.
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Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows is the seventh and final novel of the Harry Potter series , written by British author J. K. Rowling . The book was released on 21 July 2007 by Bloomsbury Publishing in the United Kingdom , in the United States by Scholastic , and in Canada by Raincoast Books , ending the series that began in 1997 with the publication of Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone . The novel chronicles the events directly following Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , and the final confrontation between the wizards Harry Potter and Lord Voldemort , as well as revealing the previously concealed back story of several main characters . The title of the book refers to three mythical objects featured in the story , collectively known as the `` Deathly Hallows '' -- an unbeatable wand , a stone to bring the dead to life , and a cloak of invisibility . Rowling finished writing Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows in January 2007 . Before its release , Bloomsbury reportedly spent # 10 million to keep the book 's contents safe before its release date . American publisher Arthur Levine refused any copies of the novel to be released in advance for press review , although two reviews were submitted early . Shortly before release , photos of all 759 pages of the U.S. edition were leaked and transcribed , leading Scholastic to look for the source that had leaked it . Released globally in 93 countries , Deathly Hallows broke sales records as the fastest-selling book ever , a record it still held in 2012 . It sold 15 million copies in the first 24 hours following its release , including more than 11 million in the U.S. and UK alone . The previous record , 9 million in its first day , had been held by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince . The novel has also been translated into over 120 languages . The title proved difficult to translate and was often rendered closer to `` Harry Potter and the Relics of Death '' in other languages . Major themes in the novel are death and living in a corrupted society , and critics have compared them to Christian allegories . Generally well-received , the book won the 2008 Colorado Blue Spruce Book Award , and the American Library Association named it a `` Best Book for Young Adults '' . A two-part film adaptation began showing in November 2010 when Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 was released ; Part 2 was released on 15 July 2011 .
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Dark Blood is a 2012 American-Dutch thriller film directed by George Sluizer , written by Jim Barton , and starring River Phoenix , Judy Davis , and Jonathan Pryce . The film was not completed due to the death of Phoenix shortly before the end of the project -LRB- it would also be the final film made by Sluizer -RRB- and remained unfinished for 19 years . It was the last movie to feature River Phoenix and the only one where Phoenix played the villain . It premiered to a private guest audience on September 27 , 2012 at the Netherlands Film Festival in Utrecht , Netherlands . The film was shown twice more , publicly , on October 2 , 2012 at the festival . It was shown at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival in February 2013 , the Miami International Film Festival in March 2013 , the Split Film Festival in September 2013 , and the Brussels International Fantastic Film Festival in April 2014 . The film follows Boy -LRB- Phoenix -RRB- , a young widower , who retreats to the desert after his wife dies of radiation following nuclear tests near their home . Boy is waiting for the end of the world and carves Kachina dolls , believing they contain magical powers . A couple , Harry -LRB- Pryce -RRB- and Buffy -LRB- Davis -RRB- travel to the desert on a second honeymoon in an attempt to save their marriage . Their car breaks down in the middle of nowhere and the couple is rescued by Boy . Boy holds them prisoner because of his desire for Buffy and his ambition to create a better world with her .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The jackfruit is a multiple fruit.
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The jackfruit -LRB- Artocarpus heterophyllus -RRB- , also known as jack tree , jakfruit , or sometimes simply jack or jak , is a species of tree in the fig , mulberry , and breadfruit family -LRB- Moraceae -RRB- . It is native to parts of South and Southeast Asia and is believed to have originated in the southwestern rain forests of the Western Ghats in the Indian subcontinent . The jackfruit tree is well suited to tropical lowlands , and its fruit is the largest tree-borne fruit , reaching as much as 35 kg in weight , 90 cm in length , and 50 cm in diameter . The jackfruit tree can produce about 100 to 200 fruits in a year . The jackfruit is a multiple fruit , composed of hundreds to thousands of individual flowers , and it is the fleshy petals that are eaten . The jackfruit tree is a widely cultivated and popular food item throughout the tropical regions of the world . Jackfruit is the national fruit of Bangladesh .
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The ` York Imperial ' , or ` York ' , is a cultivar of apple -LRB- Malus pumila -RRB- from which a number of other valuable strains and cultivars have arisen , including four sport varieties : Commander York , Ramey York , Red Yorking , and Yorking .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Stephen Hawking is a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
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Stephen William Hawking , -LRB- born 8 January 1942 -RRB- is an English theoretical physicist , cosmologist , author and Director of Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology within the University of Cambridge . His scientific works include a collaboration with Roger Penrose on gravitational singularity theorems in the framework of general relativity and the theoretical prediction that black holes emit radiation , often called Hawking radiation . Hawking was the first to set out a theory of cosmology explained by a union of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics . He is a vigorous supporter of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics . Hawking is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts , a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences , and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom , the highest civilian award in the US . In 2002 , Hawking was ranked number 25 in the BBC 's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons . He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge between 1979 and 2009 and has achieved commercial success with works of popular science in which he discusses his own theories and cosmology in general ; his book A Brief History of Time appeared on the British Sunday Times best-seller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks . Hawking has a rare early-onset , slow-progressing form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -LRB- ALS -RRB- that has gradually paralysed him over the decades . He now communicates using a single cheek muscle attached to a speech-generating device .
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Paul S. Wesson , B.Sc. , Ph.D. , D.Sc. , F.R.A.S -LRB- September 11 , 1949 -- September 16 , 2015 -RRB- was a professor of astrophysics and theoretical physics . He was educated at the Universities of London and Cambridge in England , and spent most of his career at the University of Waterloo in Canada . He also spent sabbatical leaves at Berkeley and Stanford in California , and was associated in his later years with the Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics in Victoria , Canada . He supervised numerous graduate students and postdoctoral fellows , and occupied several important administrative positions , including Science Director of the California Institute for Physics and Astronomy . His scientific interests were broad , ranging from a seismic survey of Afghanistan , to guest lectures and media interviews on the Big Bang in America . He published over 260 research papers , 9 books and 3 science fiction novels . Most of his articles appeared in the standard journals for astronomy and theoretical physics , but he also wrote pieces for New Scientist and other magazines of popular science . In later years , he characterized his research as concentrating on two subjects : -LRB- a -RRB- The intensity of background light between galaxies depends on their luminosity and age , versus the redshift effect and the expansion of the universe . It is possible to use observations and a mathematical model to determine various astrophysical quantities , including the age of the universe and the nature of dark matter and dark energy . This approach also resolves the notorious problem of why the night sky is so dark , or Olbers ' paradox . -LRB- b -RRB- The general theory of relativity due to Einstein can be extended from four to five dimensions , where the extra dimension measures mass . This kind of 5D theory avoids problems of older versions , and has gained a considerable following as a means of accounting for matter . A major discovery is that while the universe may have a big-bang singularity in 4D , it is smooth in 5D . Besides the above-outlined subjects , Wesson also had interests in geophysics , panspermia and the philosophy of science .
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