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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Incredible Hulk grossed $263 billion worldwide.
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The Incredible Hulk is a 2008 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character the Hulk , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Universal Pictures . It is the second film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe -LRB- MCU -RRB- . The film was directed by Louis Leterrier , with a screenplay by Zak Penn. . It stars Edward Norton , Liv Tyler , Tim Roth , Tim Blake Nelson , Ty Burrell , and William Hurt . In The Incredible Hulk , a new backstory is established where Bruce Banner becomes the Hulk as an unwitting pawn in a military scheme to reinvigorate the supersoldier program through gamma radiation . On the run , he attempts to cure himself of the Hulk before he is captured by General Thaddeus Ross , but his worst fears are realized when power-hungry soldier Emil Blonsky becomes a similar , but more bestial creature . After the mixed reception to the 2003 film Hulk , Marvel Studios reacquired the rights to the character . Leterrier , who had expressed interest in directing Iron Man , was brought onboard and Penn began work on a loose sequel that would be much closer to the comics and the 1978 television series of the same name . In April 2007 , Norton was hired to portray Banner and to rewrite Penn 's screenplay in order to distance itself from the 2003 film and establish its own identity , although he would go uncredited for his writing . Filming mostly took place in Toronto , Ontario , from July to November 2007 . Over 700 visual effects shots were created in post-production using a combination of motion capture and computer-generated imagery to complete the film . The Incredible Hulk premiered on June 8 , 2008 at the Gibson Amphitheatre in Universal City , California and was released in theaters on June 13 , 2008 , receiving generally favorable reviews by critics upon release . Critical praise went to the improved visuals , action sequences , and the portrayal of the title character . The film was number one at the box office , grossing over $ 263 million worldwide . Norton was set to reprise the role of Banner in The Avengers and any other MCU installment featuring the character , but he was ultimately replaced by Mark Ruffalo , who has signed on to portray the character in all potential sequels .
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The Amazing Bulk is a 2012 American direct-to-video superhero film directed by Lewis Schoenbrun . Considered to be a mockbuster of the Marvel Studios film The Incredible Hulk , the film 's settings and visuals are almost entirely all reused stock imagery , graphics , and video purchased from various websites .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.G-Dragon is a citizen of South Korea.
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Kwon Ji-yong -LRB- ; born August 18 , 1988 -RRB- , better known by his stage name G-Dragon , is a South Korean rapper , singer-songwriter , record producer , and fashion icon . After six years as a trainee under the record label YG Entertainment , G-Dragon rose to fame in the mid-2000s as one of two rappers in the South Korean hip hop boy band Big Bang . Despite initial lukewarm receptions , the group became one of the best-selling digital group of all-time in Asia and one of the best-selling boy bands in the world . G-Dragon debuted as a solo artist with the release of Heartbreaker in 2009 . The album was a commercial success and earned the Mnet Asian Music Awards for Album of the Year , while the single of the same name became a number-one hit . G-Dragon later formed a duo with fellow Big Bang member T.O.P to record and release the album GD & TOP -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , which contained the top-five hits `` High High '' , `` Oh Yeah '' , and `` Knock Out '' on the Gaon Digital Chart , while the album peaked at number-one . His first EP One of a Kind -LRB- 2012 -RRB- was critically acclaimed and yielded `` One of a Kind '' , `` Crayon '' , and the number-one `` That XX '' , earning Record of the Year at the 22nd Seoul Music Awards . The EP became the highest-selling album by a Korean soloist since his own Heartbreaker . In 2013 , he embarked on his first worldwide tour as a solo artist , which included a four-dome tour in Japan , making him the first Korean soloist to do a dome tour . G-Dragon was awarded Artist of the Year at the 15th Mnet Asian Music Awards following the success of his second studio album Coup d'Etat -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , in addition to the awards of World 's Best Entertainer and World 's Best Album at the 2014 World Music Awards . Recognized as one of the most influential leaders in music and fashion in his country and labelled as an `` K-pop icon '' , G-Dragon was named by Forbes the most influential person under 30 in Asia 's entertainment and sports . Producing not only for his band but also for his and his bandmates ' solo releases , G-Dragon has written 22 number one songs .
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GD X Taeyang -LRB- also known as GDYB -RRB- is a South Korean duo formed by G-Dragon and Taeyang from Big Bang in 2014 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Gregor Clegane is not a fictional character from A Song of Ice and Fire.
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Ser Gregor Clegane , nicknamed The Mountain , is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . He is a retainer to House Lannister . An enormous man , he is well known for his size , prowess in battle and cruelty . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Gregor is the older brother of Sandor Clegane , from the fictional kingdom of Westeros . He subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Clash of Kings -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , A Storm of Swords -LRB- 2000 -RRB- and in A Dance with Dragons -LRB- 2011 -RRB- as Ser Robert Strong . Ser Gregor Clegane is a huge knight and the elder brother of Sandor Clegane . Called `` The Mountain That Rides '' , he is known for his incredibly cruel nature and uncontrollable temper . His size and strength make him a fearsome warrior , and he has earned a reputation for cruelty and brutality . He is able to wield a two-handed sword one handed . When they were children , Gregor shoved Sandor 's face into a brazier , gruesomely scarring him . Gregor Clegane is portrayed by Conan Stevens in season one , by Ian Whyte in season two , and by Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson in seasons four , five , and six in the HBO television adaptation .
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The Lord of the G-Strings : The Femaleship of the String is a 2003 American made for cable erotic film written and directed by Terry M. West . It is based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Jasper is located in Alberta.
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Alberta -LRB- -LSB- ælˈbɜrtə -RSB- -RRB- is a western province of Canada . With an estimated population of 4,067,175 as of 2016 census , it is Canada 's fourth-most populous province and the most populous of Canada 's three prairie provinces . Its area is about 660,000 km2 . Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1 , 1905 . The premier has been Rachel Notley since May 2015 . Alberta is bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east , the Northwest Territories to the north , and the U.S. state of Montana to the south . Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to border only a single U.S. state and one of only two landlocked provinces . It has a predominantly humid continental climate , with stark contrasts over a year but seasonal temperature average swings are smaller than to areas further east , due to winters being warmed by occasional chinook winds bringing sudden warming . Alberta 's capital , Edmonton , is near the geographic centre of the province and is the primary supply and service hub for Canada 's crude oil , the Athabasca oil sands and other northern resource industries . About south of the capital is Calgary , the largest city in Alberta . Calgary and Edmonton centre Alberta 's two census metropolitan areas , both of which have populations exceeding one million , while the province has 16 census agglomerations . Tourist destinations in the province include Banff , Canmore , Drumheller , Jasper and Sylvan Lake .
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Jasper is an unincorporated community in eastern Newton Township , Pike County , Ohio , United States . Although it is unincorporated , it has a post office , with the ZIP code of 45642 . It lies at the intersection of State Routes 32 , 104 , and 124 along the banks of the Scioto River .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.John Hartford wrote Gentle on My Mind which won a Grammy.
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John Cowan Hartford -LRB- December 30 , 1937 -- June 4 , 2001 -RRB- was an American folk , country and bluegrass composer and musician known for his mastery of the fiddle and banjo , as well as for his witty lyrics , unique vocal style , and extensive knowledge of Mississippi River lore . His most successful song is `` Gentle on My Mind '' which won three Grammy Awards and was listed in `` BMI 's Top 100 Songs of the Century '' . Hartford performed with a variety of ensembles throughout his career , and is perhaps best known for his solo performances where he would interchange the guitar , banjo , and fiddle from song to song . He also invented his own shuffle tap dance move , and clogged on an amplified piece of plywood while he played and sang .
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Headin ' Down Into the Mystery Below is an album by American musician John Hartford , released in 1978 . All the songs , written by Hartford , continue to show his love for steamboats and the Mississippi River . It is currently not in print .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Felix Arvid Ulf Kjellberg has an online pseudonym.
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Felix Arvid Ulf Kjellberg -LRB- -LSB- ˈʃɛlbɜːrɡ -RSB- , -LSB- ˈfeːlɪks ² ɕɛlːˌbærj -RSB- ; born on 24 October 1989 -RRB- , better known by his online pseudonym PewDiePie -LRB- -LSB- ˈpjuːdipaɪ -RSB- -RRB- , is a Swedish web-based comedian and video producer . He is known for his Let 's Play commentaries and vlogs on YouTube . Born in Gothenburg , Sweden , PewDiePie originally pursued a degree in industrial economics and technology management at Chalmers University of Technology . In 2010 , during his time at the university , he registered a YouTube account under the name PewDiePie . The following year , he dropped out of Chalmers after growing bored with his degree field , much to the dismay of his parents . After failing to earn an apprenticeship with an advertising agency in Scandinavia , he then decided to focus on creating content for his YouTube channel . In order to fund his videos , PewDiePie began selling prints of his Photoshop art projects and working at a hot dog stand . PewDiePie soon gathered a rapidly increasing online following , and in July 2012 , his channel surpassed one million subscribers . Early on , PewDiePie was signed under the multi-channel network Machinima . After dissatisfaction with the network , he signed with Maker Studios , having his channel under Maker 's sub-networks Polaris , and later , Revelmode . Throughout his time on YouTube , PewDiePie has produced content that has been praised as genuine and unfiltered , but also been received as abrasive , and in some cases , met with controversy . As a result of an early 2017 controversy regarding allegations of anti-Semitism in several of PewDiePie 's videos , the Disney-operated Maker Studios ended their partnership with him , dropping him from their network . While he criticised the coverage of the situation and defended his content as jokes that were taken out of context , he conceded its offensiveness . Since 15 August 2013 , PewDiePie has been the most-subscribed user on YouTube , being surpassed briefly in November and December 2013 by YouTube 's Spotlight channel . Holding the position since 22 December 2013 , the channel has over 55 million subscribers as of May 2017 . From 29 December 2014 to 14 February 2017 , PewDiePie 's channel held the distinction of being the most viewed of all time , and as of May 2017 , the channel has received over 15 billion video views . PewDiePie refers to his fanbase as the `` Bro Army '' , and individual fans as `` bros '' . Through his Bro Army fanbase , PewDiePie has raised money for charities . Due to his popularity , PewDiePie 's coverage of indie games has created an Oprah effect , boosting sales for titles he plays . In 2016 , Time named him one of `` The World 's 100 Most Influential People '' . PewDiePie lives in Brighton with his girlfriend , Italian YouTube personality Marzia Bisognin .
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Karl Folke Sigvard Mellvig -LRB- 23 May 1913 in Malmö , Sweden -- 4 September 1994 in Haninge Municipality , Stockholm County , Sweden -RRB- was a Swedish writer and screenwriter . Mellvig was one of Sweden 's most popular crime writers in the 1950s and 1960s , with murder mysteries set in `` peaceful '' Swedish summer time ; at countryside locations and often in aristocratic or upper-class environments . His crime-solving middle-class city couple Kajsa and John Hillman -LRB- with their fumbling assistant Freddy -RRB- are famous , later on popular characters in the early Swedish thriller/crime films - the so-called `` Hillman-thrillers '' , directed by Arne Mattsson -LRB- all with an effectful colour in the title -RRB- . The most successful of these films were The Lady in Black and Mannequin in Red -LRB- both released in 1958 -RRB- . The first book on the Hillman-couple was published in 1951 -LRB- Uppdrag för Hillman / `` A Mission For Hillman '' -RRB- and then several books followed on the couple but only a few selected were adapted to film . Folke Mellvig was brother to the Swedish actor Börje Mellvig .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Akira Toriyama is exclusively an anime artist.
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is a Japanese manga and game artist . He first achieved mainstream recognition for his highly successful manga Dr. Slump , before going on to create Dragon Ball -- his best-known work -- and acting as a character designer for several popular video games such as the Dragon Quest series , Blue Dragon and Chrono Trigger . Toriyama is regarded as one of the artists that changed the history of manga , as his works are highly influential and popular , particularly Dragon Ball , which many manga artists cite as a source of inspiration . He earned the 1981 Shogakukan Manga Award for best shōnen or shōjo manga with Dr. Slump , and it went on to sell over 35 million copies in Japan . It was adapted into a successful anime series , with a second anime created in 1997 , 13 years after the manga ended . His next series , Dragon Ball , would become one of the most popular and successful manga in the world . Having sold more than 240 million copies worldwide , it is the second best-selling manga of all time and is considered to be one of the main reasons for the period when manga circulation was at its highest in the mid-1980s and mid-1990s . Overseas , Dragon Balls anime adaptations have been more successful than the manga and are credited with boosting anime 's popularity in the Western world .
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is a Japanese manga artist born in Toba , Mie Prefecture on October 8 , 1977 . He is best known for his works Kenkō Zenrakei Suieibu Umishō and Sankarea , both of which were turned into anime television series .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Matrix stars Keanu Reeves.
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The Matrix is a 1999 science fiction film written and directed by The Wachowskis , starring Keanu Reeves , Laurence Fishburne , Carrie-Anne Moss , Hugo Weaving , and Joe Pantoliano . It depicts a dystopian future in which reality as perceived by most humans is actually a simulated reality called `` the Matrix '' , created by sentient machines to subdue the human population , while their bodies ' heat and electrical activity are used as an energy source . Computer programmer `` Neo '' learns this truth and is drawn into a rebellion against the machines , which involves other people who have been freed from the `` dream world . '' The Matrix is known for popularizing a visual effect known as `` bullet time '' , in which the heightened perception of certain characters is represented by allowing the action within a shot to progress in slow-motion while the camera 's viewpoint appears to move through the scene at normal speed . The film is an example of the cyberpunk science fiction genre . It contains numerous references to philosophical and religious ideas , and prominently pays homage to works such as Plato 's Allegory of the Cave , Jean Baudrillard 's Simulacra and Simulation and Lewis Carroll 's Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland . The Wachowskis ' approach to action scenes drew upon their admiration for Japanese animation and martial arts films , and the film 's use of fight choreographers and wire fu techniques from Hong Kong action cinema influenced subsequent Hollywood action film productions . The Matrix was first released in the United States on , 1999 , and grossed over $ 460 million worldwide . It was generally well-received by critics and won four Academy Awards , as well as other accolades , including BAFTA Awards and Saturn Awards . Reviewers praised The Matrix for its innovative visual effects , cinematography and entertainment value . The film 's premise was both criticized for being derivative of earlier science fiction works and praised for being intriguing . The action also polarized critics , some describing it as impressive , but others dismissing it as a trite distraction from an interesting premise . The film has since appeared in lists of the greatest science fiction films , and , in 2012 , was added to the National Film Registry for preservation . The success of the film led to the release of two feature film sequels , both written and directed by the Wachowskis : The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions . The Matrix franchise was further expanded through the production of comic books , video games and animated short films , in which the Wachowskis were heavily involved .
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Marc Evan Jackson -LRB- born August 21 , 1970 -RRB- is an American comedian and actor best known for his work as Sparks Nevada in the Thrilling Adventure Hour , Kevin Cozner in Brooklyn Nine-Nine , Trevor Nelsson in Parks and Recreation , and Dr. Murphy in 22 Jump Street .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Matthew Modine played the title character of a 1984 film.
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Matthew Avery Modine -LRB- born March 22 , 1959 -RRB- is an American film actor who rose to prominence through his role as United States Marine Corps Private Joker in Stanley Kubrick 's `` Full Metal Jacket '' . His other well-known roles include Dr. Martin Brenner in Stranger Things , the title character in Alan Parker 's Birdy , high school wrestler Louden Swain in Vision Quest and the oversexed Sullivan Groff on Weeds .
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is a 1984 Japanese film directed by Kon Ichikawa . It is based upon a same titled novel by Chiyo Uno .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Absolute Beginners lacked an actress.
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Absolute Beginners is a 1986 British rock musical film adapted from Colin MacInnes ' book of the same name about life in late 1950s London . The film was directed by Julien Temple , featured David Bowie and Sade , and Patsy Kensit in one of her first mainstream roles . The film was screened out of competition at the 1986 Cannes Film Festival . Upon release , Absolute Beginners received immense coverage in the British media . At the time , the British film industry was perceived as being on the point of collapse -LRB- with the recent failure of the film Revolution -RRB- . However , the film was panned by critics and became a box office bomb . Some of the criticisms included stylistic anachronisms , such as the mini-skirt and decidedly 1980s music from the likes of The Style Council and Sade , the bowdlerisation of Kensit 's character -LRB- Crepe Suzette had been depicted as a promiscuous `` negrophile '' in the book -RRB- , and the casting of Bowie , who made it a condition of his musical contribution . Although the film was not a success , Bowie 's theme song was very popular in the UK and reached number two in the charts . The commercial failure of Absolute Beginners and another film released about the same time , The Mission , led to the collapse of Goldcrest , a major British film studio .
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Almost an Actress was a 1913 American silent short comedy film directed by Allen Curtis and starring Louise Fazenda , Max Asher , and Lon Chaney . The film is now considered lost .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Maigret stars Rowan Atkinson.
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Rowan Sebastian Atkinson , MSc , CBE -LRB- born 6 January 1955 -RRB- is an English actor , comedian , and screenwriter best known for his work on the sitcoms Blackadder and Mr. Bean . Atkinson first came to prominence in the BBC 's sketch comedy show Not the Nine O'Clock News -LRB- 1979 -- 82 -RRB- , receiving the 1981 BAFTA for Best Entertainment Performance , and via his participation in The Secret Policeman 's Ball from 1979 . His other work includes the 1983 James Bond film Never Say Never Again , playing a bumbling vicar in Four Weddings and a Funeral -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , voicing the red-billed hornbill Zazu in The Lion King -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , and featuring in the BBC sitcom The Thin Blue Line -LRB- 1995 -- 1996 -RRB- . His work in theatre includes the 2009 West End revival of the musical Oliver ! . Atkinson was listed in The Observer as one of the 50 funniest actors in British comedy , and amongst the top 50 comedians ever , in a 2005 poll of fellow comedians . In addition to his 1981 BAFTA , he received an Olivier Award for his 1981 West End theatre performance in Rowan Atkinson in Revue . He has also had cinematic success with his performances in the Mr. Bean movie adaptations Bean and Mr. Bean 's Holiday , and also in Johnny English -LRB- 2003 -RRB- and its sequel Johnny English Reborn -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . He currently stars as the titular character in Maigret since 2016 .
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Kate Atkinson -LRB- born 1972 -RRB- is an Australian film , television and theatre actress . She is best known for her roles on television series SeaChange as police officer Karen Miller and Offspring as Renee . She currently stars in Wentworth as Vera Bennett . Atkinson has also had regular roles in the television series Fat Cow Motel , Blue Heelers , The Cooks and Kath & Kim . Film roles include Japanese Story , The Hard Word and The Jammed .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Portugal has an economy that is advanced.
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Portugal -LRB- Portuguese : -LSB- puɾtuˈɣaɫ -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Portuguese Republic -LRB- -LSB- República Portuguesa , links = no -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- Portuguese : -LSB- ʁɨ ` publikɐ puɾtu ' ɣezɐ -RSB- -RRB- In recognized minority languages of Portugal : República Pertuesa is a sovereign state located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe . To the west and south it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and to the east and north by Spain . The Portugal -- Spain border is 1214 km long and considered the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union . The republic also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . The territory of modern Portugal has been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The Pre-Celts , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples . Portugal as a country was born in the aftermath of the Christian Reconquista against the Moors who had invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD and occupied most of it ever since . Precipitated by the seminal event for its foundation , the Battle of São Mamede , where Portuguese forces led by Afonso Henriques defeated forces led by his mother Theresa of Portugal and her lover Fernão Peres de Trava , which established the nation 's sovereignty against rival neighbor kingdoms . Following São Mamede , the future king styled himself Prince of Portugal . He would be proclaimed King of Portugal in the Battle of Ourique in 1139 and was recognised as such by neighbouring kingdoms in 1143 . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers . During this time , Portuguese explorers pioneered maritime exploration in the Age of Discovery , notably under royal patronage of Prince Henry the Navigator and King João II , with such notable discoveries as Bartolomeu Dias 's reach of the Cape of Good Hope -LRB- 1488 -RRB- , the Vasco da Gama 's sea route to India -LRB- 1497 -- 98 -RRB- and the discovery of Brazil -LRB- 1500 -RRB- . Portugal monopolized the spice trade during this time , and the Portuguese Empire expanded with military campaigns led in Asia . But the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake , the country 's occupation during the Napoleonic Wars , the independence of Brazil -LRB- 1822 -RRB- , and the Liberal Wars -LRB- 1828 -- 34 -RRB- , all left Portugal crippled from war and diminished in its world power . After the 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy , the democratic but unstable Portuguese First Republic was established , later being superseded by the Estado Novo right-wing authoritarian regime . Democracy was restored after the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution in 1974 . Shortly after , independence was granted to almost all its overseas territories . The handover of Macau to China in 1999 marked the end of the longest-lived colonial empire . Portugal has left a profound cultural and architectural influence across the globe and a legacy of over 250 million Portuguese speakers today . Portugal is a developed country with a high-income advanced economy and a high living standard . It is the 5th most peaceful country in the world , maintaining a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government . It has the 18th highest Social Progress in the world , putting it ahead of other Western European countries like France , Spain and Italy . A founding member of NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries , it is also a member of numerous other international organizations , including the United Nations , the European Union , the eurozone , and the OECD . Portugal is a pioneer when it comes to drug decriminalization , as the nation decriminalized the possession of all drugs for personal use in 2001 . LGBT rights in Portugal have improved substantially in the past two decades and are now among the best in the world . Moreover , after years of investment and cooperation , Portugal marked a climax on renewable energy worldwide in 2016 , when it was powered for 107 consecutive hours exclusively by wind , sun , and water , which advocates say further shows fossil fuels are indeed replaceable .
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The economy of São Tomé and Príncipe , while traditionally dependent on cocoa , is experiencing considerable changes due to investment in the development of its oil industry in the oil-rich waters of the Gulf of Guinea . In 2003 , the government agreed a Joint Development Zone over the area which gives Sao Tome 40 % of revenues .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Buddy Holly performed, wrote, and sung songs for a living.
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Buddy Holly -LRB- born Charles Hardin Holley ; September 7 , 1936 -- February 3 , 1959 -RRB- was an American musician and singer-songwriter who was a central figure of mid-1950s rock and roll . Holley was born in Lubbock , Texas , to a musical family during the Great Depression ; he learned to play guitar and to sing alongside his siblings . His style was influenced by gospel music , country music , and rhythm and blues acts , and he performed in Lubbock with his friends from high school . He made his first appearance on local television in 1952 , and the following year he formed the group `` Buddy and Bob '' with his friend Bob Montgomery . In 1955 , after opening for Elvis Presley , Holly decided to pursue a career in music . He opened for Presley three times that year ; his band 's style shifted from country and western to entirely rock and roll . In October that year , when he opened for Bill Haley & His Comets , Holly was spotted by Nashville scout Eddie Crandall , who helped him get a contract with Decca Records . Holly 's recording sessions at Decca were produced by Owen Bradley . Unhappy with Bradley 's control in the studio and with the sound he achieved there , Holly went to producer Norman Petty in Clovis , New Mexico , and recorded a demo of `` That 'll Be the Day '' , among other songs . Petty became the band 's manager and sent the demo to Brunswick Records , which released it as a single credited to `` The Crickets '' , which became the name of Holly 's band . In September 1957 , as the band toured , `` That 'll Be the Day '' topped the US `` Best Sellers in Stores '' chart and the UK Singles Chart . Its success was followed in October by another major hit , `` Peggy Sue '' . The album Chirping Crickets , released in November 1957 , reached number five on the UK Albums Chart . Holly made his second appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show in January 1958 and soon after , toured Australia and then the UK . In early 1959 , Holly assembled a new band , consisting of future country music star Waylon Jennings -LRB- bass -RRB- , famed session musician Tommy Allsup -LRB- guitar -RRB- , and Carl Bunch -LRB- drums -RRB- , and embarked on a tour of the midwestern U.S. . After a show in Clear Lake , Iowa , Holly chartered an airplane to travel to his next show , in Moorhead , Minnesota . Soon after takeoff , the plane crashed , killing Holly , Ritchie Valens , The Big Bopper , and pilot Roger Peterson in a tragedy later referred to by Don McLean as `` The Day the Music Died '' . During his short career , Holly wrote , recorded , and produced his own material . He is often regarded as the artist who defined the traditional rock-and-roll lineup of two guitars , bass , and drums . Holly was a major influence on later popular music artists , including The Beatles , The Rolling Stones , Eric Clapton , and Elton John . He was among the first artists inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , in 1986 . Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 13 in its list of `` 100 Greatest Artists '' .
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Bette Midler -LRB- born December 1 , 1945 -RRB- is an American singer , songwriter , actress , comedian , and film producer . Born in Honolulu , Hawaii , Midler began her professional career in several Off-Off-Broadway plays , prior to her engagements in Fiddler on the Roof and Salvation on Broadway in the late 1960s . She came to prominence in 1970 when she began singing in the Continental Baths , a local gay bathhouse where she managed to build up a core following . Since 1970 , Midler has released 14 studio albums as a solo artist . Throughout her career , many of her songs became hits on the record charts , including her renditions of `` The Rose '' , `` Wind Beneath My Wings '' , `` Do You Want to Dance '' , `` Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy '' , and `` From a Distance '' . In 2008 , she signed a contract with Caesars Palace in Las Vegas to perform a series of shows titled Bette Midler : The Showgirl Must Go On , that ended in January 2010 . Midler made her motion picture debut in 1979 with The Rose , which earned her a Golden Globe for Best Actress . In the following years , she starred in a string of hit films , including : Down and Out in Beverly Hills , Outrageous Fortune , Beaches , The First Wives Club , and The Stepford Wives . She starred in For the Boys and Gypsy , and won two additional Golden Globe awards for these films . In a career spanning almost half a century , Midler has won three Grammy Awards , four Golden Globes , three Emmy Awards , and a special Tony Award . She has sold over 35 million records worldwide , and has received four Gold , three Platinum , and three Multiplatinum albums by RIAA . Midler is currently appearing on Broadway in a revival of Hello , Dolly ! , which began preview performances on March 15 , 2017 and premiered at the Shubert Theatre on April 20 , 2017 . It is her first leading role in a Broadway musical .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Syd Barrett died.
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Roger Keith `` Syd '' Barrett -LRB- 6 January 1946 -- 7 July 2006 -RRB- was a British musician , composer , singer-songwriter , and painter . Best known as a founder member of the band Pink Floyd , Barrett was the lead singer , guitarist and principal songwriter in its early years and is credited with naming the band . Barrett was excluded from Pink Floyd in April 1968 after David Gilmour took over as their new guitarist , and was briefly hospitalised amid speculation of mental illness . Barrett was musically active for less than ten years . With Pink Floyd , he recorded four singles , their debut album -LRB- and contributed to the second one -RRB- , and several unreleased songs . Barrett began his solo career in 1969 with the single `` Octopus '' from his first solo album , The Madcap Laughs -LRB- 1970 -RRB- . The album was recorded over the course of a year with five different producers -LRB- Peter Jenner , Malcolm Jones , David Gilmour , Roger Waters and Barrett himself -RRB- . Nearly two months after Madcap was released , Barrett began working on his second and final album , Barrett -LRB- 1970 -RRB- , produced by Gilmour and featuring contributions from Richard Wright . Two years later , he left the music industry , retired from public life and strictly guarded his own privacy until his death in 2006 . In 1988 , an album of unreleased tracks and outtakes , Opel , was released by EMI with Barrett 's approval . Barrett 's innovative guitar work and exploration of experimental techniques such as dissonance , distortion and feedback influenced many musicians . His recordings are also noted for their strongly English-accented vocal delivery . After leaving music , Barrett continued with painting and dedicated himself to gardening . Pink Floyd wrote and recorded several tributes to him , most notably the 1975 album Wish You Were Here , which included `` Shine On You Crazy Diamond '' , as homage to Barrett .
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David Barrett -LRB- born February 6 , 1973 -RRB- is an American blues harmonica player , author and teacher .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Rescue Me is a comedic TV series on FX.
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Rescue Me is an American comedy-drama television series that premiered on the FX on July 21 , 2004 and concluded on September 7 , 2011 . The series focuses on the professional and personal lives of a group of New York City firefighters , post 9/11 . The protagonist and focal point of the series is veteran New York City Firefighter Tommy Gavin -LRB- Denis Leary -RRB- . The series follows Tommy 's troubled family and co-workers as they deal with real life issues , either with post 9/11 trauma or their own domestic problems . Tommy struggles with the loss of his cousin and best friend , Firefighter Jimmy Keefe -LRB- James McCaffrey -RRB- , as well as fifty-nine other firefighters whom he knew , who died in the World Trade Center on September 11 , 2001 . Jimmy frequently visits Tommy in ghostly dreams . Tommy is an impatient , self-loathing , hypocritical , manipulative , relapsed alcoholic who suffers with severe survivor guilt and posttraumatic stress disorder as a result of 9/11 . In the pilot episode , Tommy and his wife Janet -LRB- Andrea Roth -RRB- have already separated , although they are technically still married , and Tommy has moved across the street . Although he has a poor grasp on his personal life , most of Tommy 's actions as a firefighter are heroic and brave , but despite his passion and concern for others -LRB- and for the job -RRB- , he is viewed by his various family members and his fellow firefighters as selfish . Rescue Me was created by Denis Leary and Peter Tolan , who also serve as executive producers and head writers , and is produced by Cloudland Company , Apostle , DreamWorks Television , and Sony Pictures Television .
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Heaven Help Us is an American fantasy-comedy-drama television series that aired from August 25 until December 3 , 1994 . It was part of a syndicated package of shows called the Spelling Premiere Network .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Pacific Rim was released in IMAX 3D.
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Pacific Rim is a 2013 American science fiction monster film directed by Guillermo del Toro , and starring Charlie Hunnam , Idris Elba , Rinko Kikuchi , Charlie Day , Burn Gorman , Robert Kazinsky , Max Martini and Ron Perlman . The screenplay is by Travis Beacham and del Toro , with a story by Beacham . The film is set in the future , when Earth is at war with the Kaiju , colossal monsters which have emerged from an interdimensional portal on the bottom of the Pacific Ocean . To combat the monsters , humanity unites to create the Jaegers , gigantic humanoid mechas each controlled by at least two pilots , whose minds are joined by a mental link . Focusing on the war 's later days , the story follows Raleigh Becket , a washed-up Jaeger pilot called out of retirement and teamed with rookie pilot Mako Mori as part of a last-ditch effort to defeat the Kaiju . Principal photography began on November 14 , 2011 , in Toronto and lasted through April 2012 . The film was produced by Legendary Pictures and distributed by Warner Bros. . It was released on July 12 , 2013 , including in 3D and IMAX 3D , receiving generally positive reviews ; the visual effects , action sequences and the nostalgic style were highly praised . While it underperformed at the box office in the United States , it was highly successful in other markets . It earned a worldwide total of more than $ 411 million -- $ 114 million in China alone , its largest market -- becoming Del Toro 's most commercially successful film to date . A sequel titled Pacific Rim : Uprising , directed by Steven S. DeKnight and produced by Del Toro , and with Kikuchi , Day , and Gorman reprising their roles , is scheduled for release on February 23 , 2018 .
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Pirates 4D -LRB- also known as Pirates 3D -RRB- is an attraction film designed to be shown in a specially-built or remodeled theater space in a theme park , featuring in-theater special effects , sometimes referred to as a 4D film . The film itself is a dual strip 70mm 3D film short , featuring the actors Leslie Nielsen and Eric Idle . It was produced by Busch Entertainment Corporation , and distributed by Iwerks Entertainment . It was released in 1999 , and first shown at Sea World Ohio -LRB- then owned by Busch -RRB- , at two Busch Gardens parks , and at Thorpe Park in England , then owned by The Tussauds Group , which was the earliest overseas venue .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Anaheim, California is the most populous city in Fila County.
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Anaheim -LRB- pronounced -LSB- ˈænəhaɪm -RSB- -RRB- is a city in Orange County , California , part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area . As of the 2010 United States Census , the city had a population of 336,265 , making it the most populous city in Orange County and the 10th most populous city in California . Anaheim is the second largest city in Orange County in terms of land area -LRB- after Irvine -RRB- and is known for its theme parks , the Anaheim Convention Center , and its two major sports teams : the Anaheim Ducks ice hockey club and the Angels baseball team . Anaheim was founded by fifty German families in 1857 and incorporated as the second city in Los Angeles County on March 18 , 1876 ; Orange County would later be split off from Los Angeles County in 1889 . Anaheim remained largely a rural community until Disneyland opened in the city in 1955 . This led to the construction of several hotels and motels around the area , and residential districts in Anaheim soon followed . The city also developed into an industrial center , producing electronics , aircraft parts and canned fruit . Anaheim 's city limits extend from Cypress in the west to the Riverside County line in the east and encompass a diverse collection of neighborhoods and communities . Anaheim Hills is a master-planned community located in the city 's eastern stretches that is home to many of the city 's affluent . Downtown Anaheim has three mixed-use historic districts , the largest of which is the Anaheim Colony . The Anaheim Resort , a commercial district , includes Disneyland , Disney California Adventure , and numerous hotels and retail complexes . The Platinum Triangle , a neo-urban redevelopment district surrounding Angel Stadium , is planned to be populated with mixed-use streets and high-rises . Anaheim Canyon is an industrial district north of California State Route 91 and east of California State Route 57 .
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Fresno County , officially the County of Fresno , is a county located in the northern portion of the U.S. state , California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 930,450 . The county seat is Fresno , the fifth-largest city in California . Fresno County comprises the Fresno , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is part of the Fresno-Madera , CA Combined Statistical Area . It is located in the Central Valley , south of Stockton and north of Bakersfield .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Johannes Vermeer painted Girl with a Pearl Earring.
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Girl with a Pearl Earring is a 2003 drama film directed by Peter Webber . The screenplay was adapted by screenwriter Olivia Hetreed , based on the novel of the same name by Tracy Chevalier . Scarlett Johansson stars as Griet , a young 17th-century servant in the household of the Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer -LRB- played by Colin Firth -RRB- at the time he painted Girl with a Pearl Earring -LRB- 1665 -RRB- in the city of Delft in Holland . Other cast members include Tom Wilkinson , Cillian Murphy , and Judy Parfitt . Hetreed read the novel before its publication , and her husband 's production company convinced Chevalier to sell the film rights . Initially , the production was to feature Kate Hudson as Griet with Mike Newell directing . Hudson withdrew shortly before filming began , however , and the film was placed in hiatus until the hire of Webber , who re-initiated the casting process . In this , which was his feature film debut , Webber sought to avoid employing traditional characteristics of the period film drama . Cinematographer Eduardo Serra used distinctive lighting and colour schemes similar to Vermeer 's paintings . Released on 12 December 2003 in North America and on 16 January 2004 in the United Kingdom , Girl with a Pearl Earring earned a worldwide gross of $ 31,466,789 . It garnered a mostly positive critical reception , with a 72 % approval rating from Rotten Tomatoes . Critics generally applauded the film 's visuals and performances while questioning elements of its story . The film was subsequently nominated for ten British Academy Film Awards , three Academy Awards , and two Golden Globe Awards .
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Jan Vermeiren -LRB- born 1949 in Belgium -RRB- is a South-African artist working in oil , lithography , etching and mural painting .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.On February 18, 1949, Gary Ridgway was born.
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Gary Leon Ridgway -LRB- born February 18 , 1949 -RRB- is an American serial killer known as the Green River Killer . He was initially convicted of 48 separate murders and later confessed to nearly twice that number . As part of his plea bargain , an additional conviction was added , bringing the total number of convictions to 49 , making him the most prolific American serial killer in history according to confirmed murders . He murdered numerous women and girls in Washington State during the 1980s and 1990s . Most of his victims were alleged to be sex workers and other women in vulnerable situations , including underage runaways . The press gave him his nickname after the first five victims were found in the Green River before his identity was known . He strangled the women , usually by hand but sometimes using ligatures . After strangling them , he would dump their bodies in forested and overgrown areas in King County , often returning to the dead bodies to have sexual intercourse with them . On November 30 , 2001 , as he was leaving the Kenworth truck factory where he worked in Renton , Washington , he was arrested for the murders of four women whose cases were linked to him through DNA evidence . As part of a plea bargain wherein he agreed to disclose the locations of still-missing women , he was spared the death penalty and received a sentence of life imprisonment without parole .
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Donald Ray Woods -LRB- born February 17 , 1951 in Denton , Texas -RRB- is a retired National Football League American football running back who played with the San Diego Chargers and San Francisco 49ers from 1974 -- 1980 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.In 1815, Brazil became a Kingdom.
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Brazil -LRB- listen -RRB- , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . As the world 's fifth-largest country by both area and population , it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7491 km It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3 % of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves . Independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil , a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system . The ratification of the first constitution in 1824 led to the formation of a bicameral legislature , now called the National Congress . The country became a presidential republic in 1889 following a military coup d'état . An authoritarian military junta came to power in 1964 and ruled until 1985 , after which civilian governance resumed . Brazil 's current constitution , formulated in 1988 , defines it as a democratic federal republic . The federation is composed of the union of the Federal District , the 26 states , and the 5,570 municipalities . Brazil 's economy is the world 's both eighth-largest by nominal GDP and eighth-largest by GDP -LRB- PPP -RRB- . A member of the BRICS group , Brazil until 2010 had one of the world 's fastest growing major economies , with its economic reforms giving the country new international recognition and influence . Brazil 's national development bank plays an important role for the country 's economic growth . Brazil is a founding member of the United Nations , the G20 , BRICS , Unasul , Mercosul , Organization of American States , Organization of Ibero-American States , and the CPLP . Brazil is a regional power in Latin America and a middle power in international affairs , with some analysts identifying it as an emerging global power . One of the world 's major breadbaskets , Brazil has been the largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years .
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Paulistas are the inhabitants of the state of São Paulo , Brazil , and of its antecessor the Capitaincy of São Vicente , whose capital early shifted from the village of São Vicente to the one of São Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga . The early population of São Paulo consisted mainly of indigenous Amerindian with few Portuguese settlers . The Portuguese settlements were small . As the Bandeirantes gained power and the vice-kingdom of Brazil developed , the Portuguese element predominated in the population , the Indians being either absorbed or killed . But the province of São Paulo , enlarged by the Bandeiras to include Mato Grosso , Goiás , Paraná and Santa Catarina , remained undeveloped , having neither the gold of Minas Gerais nor the sugar cane of Pernambuco . As a consequence , it did not receive the same influx of black slaves during the 16th and 17th centuries as the more prosperous provinces of Brazil . Nevertheless , the number of black slaves increased substantially in São Paulo during the Brazilian Empire , as the slave traffic reached its peak during the first half of the 19th century . After the abolition of the international slave trade in 1850 , many more slaves were transferred from declining regions of Brazil -LRB- such as the Northeast -RRB- to work in coffee plantations . The economic development of São Paulo only really took off with the founding of coffee plantations in the nineteenth century . Those coffee plantations were manned , from the beginning , by slaves , and remained so during most of the 19th century . Not even the abolition of the transatlantic trade changed this , with the coffee barons resorting to the import of slaves from the Northeastern and Southern regions . Both the coffee planters and the Brazilian government , however , were aware that the abolition of slavery could be postponed but not avoided at all ; as a result , a few experiments in immigration were tried during this period , and some ideas were discussed , including the immigration of Chinese workers . Only in the 1880s , however , did immigration start in earnest . From then on , immigration was the solution adopted to what was seen as a labour shortage , and Italian and Spanish immigrants made the bulk of the workers brought to coffee plantations ; the reasons why ex-slaves were not employed , or were only marginally employed , are unclear and subject to debate . Much is made of a supposed `` whitening '' ideology , or even `` program '' , but the cold fact is that , when faced with the impossibility of obtaining European manpower , the coffee barons had no qualms about resorting to Japanese immigrants . A curious fact from this period was the immigration of US Southerners moving from a country where slavery had been abolished to one where it still existed . Of course , those were not manual workers and did n't come to work in coffee plantations . The wealth produced by coffee culture eventually sparked urbanisation and industrialisation ; the growing urban environment attracted even more immigrants , especially Armenians and other Europeans , Syrians and Lebanese . Later , as the foreign immigration declined , a strong chain of internal migration from the Brazilian Northeast developed .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Final Destination 3 features an actress who is also a musician in Got a Girl.
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Got a Girl is an American musical duo consisting of actress Mary Elizabeth Winstead and music producer Dan the Automator that formed in 2012 . The band 's first studio album , I Love You but I Must Drive Off This Cliff Now was released in 2014 .
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Georgia van Cuylenburg -LRB- born 8 March 1987 -RRB- is an Australian actress and voice actress . Originally from Melbourne , Australia she moved to Los Angeles in 2005 to pursue her career in entertainment . She is best known for voicing Oerba Dia Vanille in the video game Final Fantasy XIII . Her documentary , Baby Let Your Hair Hang Down is about Georgia 's diagnosis with Alopecia areata , a type of hair loss condition , in 2007 . Since then , she has been wearing various kinds of wigs and has been doing fund raising for research on fighting this disease . In 2010 her condition was in remission and she is wearing her hair in a short brunette pixie cut . She is also the founder and executive director of Arts Bridging the Gap , a non-profit organization in the Los Angeles area .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Michael Schumacher is a racer.
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Michael Schumacher -LRB- -LSB- ˈmɪçaʔɛl ˈʃuːmaxɐ -RSB- ; born 3 January 1969 -RRB- is a German retired racing driver . He is a seven-time Formula One World Champion and is widely regarded as one of the greatest Formula One drivers of all time . He was named Laureus World Sportsman of the Year twice . He won two titles with Benetton in and before moving to Ferrari where he drove for eleven years . His time with Ferrari yielded five consecutive titles between and . Schumacher holds many of Formula One 's driver records , including most championships , race victories , fastest laps , pole positions and races won in a single season -- 13 in 2004 -LRB- the last record was equalled by fellow German Sebastian Vettel nine years later -RRB- . In 2002 , he became the only driver in Formula One history to finish in the top three in every race of a season and then also broke the record for most consecutive podium finishes . According to the official Formula One website , he is `` statistically the greatest driver the sport has ever seen '' . After beginning in karting , Schumacher won the German drivers ' championships in Formula König and Formula Three before joining Mercedes in the World Sportscar Championship . In 1991 , his Mercedes-funded race debut for the Jordan Formula One team resulted in Schumacher being signed by Benetton Formula One team as their driver for the rest of that season . Establishing himself as a top driver , finishing third in 1992 and fourth in 1993 , Schumacher became the first German World Drivers ' Champion in 1994 by one point over Damon Hill . In 1995 he repeated the success , this time with a greater margin . Schumacher moved to Ferrari in 1996 . Schumacher came close to winning the 1997 and 1998 titles , before breaking his leg at the 1999 British Grand Prix , ending another title run . Schumacher won five consecutive drivers ' titles from 2000 to 2004 . Schumacher retired from Formula One driving in 2006 staying with Ferrari as an advisor . He came close to an eighth title that year , but due to technical problems in the final two races he fell short to Fernando Alonso . Schumacher agreed to return for Ferrari part-way through 2009 , as cover for the badly injured Felipe Massa , but was prevented by a neck injury . Schumacher returned to Formula One on a permanent basis from 2010 with the Mercedes team before retiring for a second time at the conclusion of the 2012 season . His career was not without controversy , including being twice involved in collisions in the final race of a season that determined the outcome of the World Championship , with Damon Hill in 1994 in Adelaide , and with Jacques Villeneuve in 1997 in Jerez . Off the track , Schumacher is an ambassador for UNESCO and a spokesman for driver safety . He has been involved in numerous humanitarian efforts throughout his life and donated tens of millions of dollars to charity . Schumacher and his younger brother , Ralf , are the only brothers to win races in Formula One , and they were the first brothers to finish 1st and 2nd in the same race , a feat they repeated in four subsequent races . In December 2013 , Schumacher suffered a serious head injury in a skiing accident . He was airlifted to a hospital and placed in a medically induced coma , having suffered a traumatic brain injury . He was in the coma for six months from 29 December 2013 until 16 June 2014 . He left the hospital in Grenoble for further rehabilitation at the University Hospital -LRB- CHUV -RRB- in Lausanne . On 9 September 2014 , Schumacher was relocated to his home where he continues to receive medical treatment and rehabilitation privately .
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Schumacher -LRB- real name Thiago Maier dos Santos -RRB- -LRB- born 31 August 1986 in Curitiba , Paraná -RRB- is a Brazilian footballer . On 31 August 2009 , he was loaned to Austrian side Austria Wien . On 25 July 2014 , Schumacher moved to Académica . After playing for Italian club Malucelli , Schumacher was signed to Castiadas from September 2015 to January 2016 and to Linense from January to April 2016 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Edgar Award honors the best in television.
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The Edgar Allan Poe Awards -LRB- popularly called the Edgars -RRB- , named after Edgar Allan Poe , are presented every year by the Mystery Writers of America , based in New York City . They honor the best in mystery fiction , non-fiction , television , film , and theater published or produced in the previous year .
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The Mary Tyler Moore Show , often referred to as Mary Tyler Moore , is an American television sitcom series that aired on CBS from September 19 , 1970 to March 19 , 1977 . Created by James L. Brooks and Allan Burns , the show follows the life of Mary Richards -LRB- Mary Tyler Moore -RRB- , a single woman in her thirties working as the associate producer , later producer , of a local news station WJM . Working at the news station is her gruff boss Lou Grant -LRB- Ed Asner -RRB- , newswriter Murray Slaughter -LRB- Gavin McLeod -RRB- , and the vain and nit-witted anchorman Ted Baxter -LRB- Ted Knight -RRB- . Mary rents a studio apparent from acquaintance and landlady Phyllis Lindstrom and neighbors her best friend Rhoda Morgenstern -LRB- Valerie Harper -RRB- . Other major characters in the series include Sue Ann Nivens -LRB- Betty White -RRB- , the host of The Happy Homemaker show , and Ted 's girlfriend , later wife , Georgette Franklin -LRB- Georgia Engel -RRB- . Mary Tyler Moore has garnered critical acclaim for its honest and serious portrayal of a single working woman in the 1970s . Since its debut , the series has been nominated for 67 Primetime Emmy Awards -LRB- winning 29 -RRB- and 22 Golden Globe Awards -LRB- winning three -RRB- among others . Several cast members , including Moore and Asner , have received recognition for their roles , winning several Emmy and Golden Globe awards .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Futurama has a tie-in comic book.
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Futurama is an American animated science fiction sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series follows the adventures of a late-20th-century New York City pizza delivery boy , Philip J. Fry , who , after being unwittingly cryogenically frozen for one thousand years , finds employment at Planet Express , an interplanetary delivery company in the retro-futuristic 31st century . The series was envisioned by Groening in the mid-1990s while working on The Simpsons ; he later brought David X. Cohen aboard to develop storylines and characters to pitch the show to Fox . In the United States , the series aired on Fox from March 28 , 1999 , to August 10 , 2003 , before ceasing production . Futurama also aired in reruns on Cartoon Network 's Adult Swim from 2003 to 2007 , until the network 's contract expired . It was revived in 2007 as four direct-to-video films ; the last of which was released in early 2009 . Comedy Central entered into an agreement with 20th Century Fox Television to syndicate the existing episodes and air the films as 16 new , half-hour episodes , constituting a fifth season . In June 2009 , producing studio 20th Century Fox announced that Comedy Central had picked up the show for 26 new half-hour episodes , which began airing in 2010 and 2011 . The show was renewed for a seventh season , with the first half airing in June 2012 and the second set for mid-2013 . It was later revealed that the seventh season would be the final season , as Comedy Central announced that they would not be commissioning any further episodes . The series finale aired on September 4 , 2013 . While Groening has said he will try to get it picked up by another network , David X. Cohen stated that the episode `` Meanwhile '' would be the last episode of season 7 and also the series finale . Throughout its run , Futurama has received critical acclaim . The show has been nominated for 17 Annie Awards and 12 Emmy Awards , winning seven of the former and six of the latter . It has also been nominated four times for a Writers Guild of America Award , winning two for the episodes `` Godfellas '' and `` The Prisoner of Benda '' , been nominated for a Nebula Award and has received Environmental Media Awards for episodes `` The Problem with Popplers '' and `` The Futurama Holiday Spectacular '' . Futurama-related merchandise has also been released , including a tie-in comic book series and video game , calendars , clothes and figurines . In 2013 , TV Guide ranked Futurama as one of the top 60 Greatest TV Cartoons of All Time .
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is a science fiction horror manga series written and illustrated by Hitoshi Iwaaki , and published in Kodansha 's Afternoon magazine from 1988 to 1995 . The manga was published in North America by first Tokyopop , then Del Rey , and finally Kodansha Comics . The manga has been adapted into two live-action films in Japan in 2014 and 2015 . An anime television series adaptation by Madhouse , titled , aired in Japan between October 2014 and March 2015 . The English-language dub aired on Adult Swim 's Toonami block in America between October 2015 and April 2016 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Bradford is the location of Cartwright Museum.
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Bradford -LSB- ˈbrædfərd -RSB- is in the Metropolitan Borough of the City of Bradford in West Yorkshire , England , in the foothills of the Pennines 8.6 mi west of Leeds , and 16 mi northwest of Wakefield . Bradford became a municipal borough in 1847 , and received its charter as a city in 1897 . Following local government reform in 1974 , city status was bestowed upon the wider metropolitan borough . Bradford forms part of the West Yorkshire Urban Area conurbation which in 2001 had a population of 1.5 million and it is the fourth largest urban area in the United Kingdom with the Bradford subdivision of the aforementioned urban area having a population of 528,155 . Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire , Bradford rose to prominence during the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture , particularly wool . It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution , and amongst the earliest industrialised settlements , rapidly becoming the `` wool capital of the world '' . The area 's access to a supply of coal , iron ore and soft water facilitated the growth of Bradford 's manufacturing base , which , as textile manufacture grew , led to an explosion in population and was a stimulus to civic investment ; Bradford has a large amount of listed Victorian architecture including the grand Italianate City Hall . The textile sector in Bradford fell into decline from the mid-20th century . Since this time , Bradford has emerged as a tourist destination , becoming the first UNESCO City of Film with attractions such as the National Science and Media Museum , Bradford City Park , the Alhambra theatre and Cartwright Hall . However , Bradford has faced similar challenges to the rest of the post-industrial area of Northern England , including deindustrialisation , social unrest and economic deprivation .
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Cadbury Castle , formerly known as Camalet , is a Bronze and Iron Age hillfort in the civil parish of South Cadbury in the English county of Somerset . It is a scheduled monument and has been associated with King Arthur 's legendary court at `` Camelot '' . The hillfort is formed by a 7.28 ha plateau surrounded by ramparts on the surrounding slopes of the limestone Cadbury Hill . The site has been excavated in the late 19th and early 20th century by James Bennett and Harold St George Gray . More recent examination of the site was conducted in the 1960s by Leslie Alcock and since 1992 by the South Cadbury Environs Project . These have revealed artifacts from human occupation and use from the Neolithic through the Bronze and Iron Ages . The site was reused by the Roman forces and again from c. 470 until some time after 580 . In the 11th century , it temporarily housed a Saxon mint . Evidence of various buildings at the site has been unearthed , including a `` Great Hall '' , round and rectangular house foundations , metalworking , and a possible sequence of small rectangular temples or shrines .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Alexander Hamilton never joined a militia company.
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Alexander Hamilton -LRB- January 11 , 1755 or 1757July 12 , 1804 -RRB- was an American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States . He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution , as well as the founder of the nation 's financial system , the Federalist Party , the United States Coast Guard , and The New York Post newspaper . As the first Secretary of the Treasury , Hamilton was the main author of the economic policies of the George Washington administration . He took the lead in the funding of the states ' debts by the Federal government , as well as the establishment of a national bank , a system of tariffs , and friendly trade relations with Britain . His vision included a strong central government led by a vigorous executive branch , a strong commercial economy , with a national bank and support for manufacturing , plus a strong military . This was challenged by Virginia agrarians Thomas Jefferson and James Madison who formed a rival party . They favored strong states based in rural America and protected by state militias as opposed to a strong national army and navy . They denounced Hamilton as too friendly toward Britain and toward monarchy in general , and too oriented toward cities , business and banking . Hamilton was born out of wedlock in Charlestown , Nevis to a married mother of English and French Huguenot ancestry and a Scottish father . His father , James A. Hamilton , was the fourth son of Alexander Hamilton , the laird of Grange , Ayrshire . Orphaned as a child by his mother 's death and his father 's abandonment , Hamilton was taken in by an older cousin and later by a prosperous merchant family . He was recognized for his intelligence and talent , and sponsored by a group of wealthy local men to travel to New York City to pursue his education . Hamilton attended King 's College -LRB- now Columbia University -RRB- , choosing to stay in the Thirteen Colonies to seek his fortune . Discontinuing his studies before graduating when the college closed its doors during British occupation of the city , Hamilton played a major role in the American Revolutionary War . At the start of the war in 1775 , he joined a militia company . In early 1776 , he raised a provincial artillery company , to which he was appointed captain . He soon became the senior aide to General Washington , the American forces ' commander-in-chief . Hamilton was dispatched by Washington on numerous missions to convey plans to his generals . After the war , Hamilton was elected as a representative to the Congress of the Confederation from New York . He resigned to practice law , and founded the Bank of New York . Hamilton was among those dissatisfied with the weak national government . He led the Annapolis Convention , which successfully influenced Congress to issue a call for the Philadelphia Convention in order to create a new constitution . He was an active participant at Philadelphia , and he helped achieve ratification by writing 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers which , to this day , are the single most important reference for Constitutional interpretation . Hamilton became the leading cabinet member in the new government under President Washington . He was a nationalist who emphasized strong central government and successfully argued that the implied powers of the Constitution provided the legal authority to fund the national debt , assume states ' debts , and create the government-backed Bank of the United States . These programs were funded primarily by a tariff on imports , and later also by a highly controversial tax on whiskey . To overcome localism , Hamilton mobilized a nationwide network of friends of the government , especially bankers and businessmen , which became the Federalist Party . A major issue in the emergence of the American two-party system was the Jay Treaty , largely designed by Hamilton in 1794 . It established friendly trade relations with Britain , to the chagrin of France and the supporters of the French Revolution . Hamilton played a central role in the Federalist party , which dominated national and state politics until it lost the election of 1800 to Jefferson 's Democratic-Republican Party . In 1795 , he returned to the practice of law in New York . He tried to control the policies of President Adams -LRB- 1797 -- 1801 -RRB- . In 1798 -- 99 , Hamilton called for mobilization against France after the XYZ Affair and became commander of a new army , which he readied for war . However , the Quasi-War was never officially declared and did not involve army action , though it was hard-fought at sea . In the end , President Adams found a diplomatic solution that avoided a war with France . Hamilton 's opposition to Adams ' re-election helped cause his defeat in the 1800 election . Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college in 1801 , and Hamilton helped to defeat Burr , whom he found unprincipled , and to elect Jefferson despite philosophical differences . Hamilton continued his legal and business activities in New York City , and was active in ending the legality of the international slave trade . Vice President Burr ran for governor of New York State in 1804 , and Hamilton crusaded against him as unworthy . Burr took offense and challenged him to a duel . Burr mortally wounded Hamilton , who died the next day .
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Sir Edward Joseph Hamilton , 1st Baronet KCB -LRB- 22 March 1772 -- 21 March 1851 -RRB- was an officer of the Royal Navy , who saw service during the American War of Independence , and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars , eventually rising to the rank of Admiral .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Scott Smith (activist) was born on the 21st.
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Joseph Scott Smith -LRB- October 21 , 1948 -- February 4 , 1995 -RRB- was a gay rights activist best known for his romantic relationship with Harvey Milk , for whom he was a campaign manager .
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Robert Freeman Smith -LRB- born June 16 , 1931 in Portland , Oregon -RRB- , is an American politician .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Alec Sokolow has worked with a person who worked on Toy Story.
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Alec Sokolow is an American film writer who has worked on such projects as the movies Cheaper by the Dozen , Toy Story , Money Talks , and Garfield : The Movie . He frequently works with Joel Cohen . Along with Joss Whedon , Andrew Stanton , John Lasseter , Pete Docter , Joe Ranft , and Cohen , Sokolow was nominated in 1995 for the Academy Award for Best Writing -LRB- Original Screenplay -RRB- for his work on Toy Story . Beyond writing , Sokolow and Cohen jointly directed Monster Mash : The Movie and executive produced Gnomes and Trolls : The Secret Chamber -LRB- 2008 -RRB- .
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Robert `` Bob '' Peterson -LRB- born January 18 , 1961 -RRB- is an American animator , screenwriter , and voice actor who works at Pixar . He was hired at Pixar by Roger Gould in 1994 as an animator for commercials , before subsequently becoming an animator on Toy Story -LRB- 1995 -RRB- . He was the co-director for Up -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , in which he also voiced the characters Dug and Alpha .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Nikita is a series on TV.
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Nikita is an American television series that aired on The CW from September 9 , 2010 to December 27 , 2013 in the United States . The series is a reboot of the popular 1997 TV series La Femme Nikita -LRB- itself based on the 1990 Luc Besson film Nikita -RRB- . The series focuses on Nikita -LRB- Maggie Q -RRB- , a woman who escaped from a secret government-funded organization known as `` Division '' and , after a three-year hiding period , is back to bring down the organization . The main cast in various seasons features Maggie Q , Lyndsy Fonseca , Shane West , Aaron Stanford , Melinda Clarke , Xander Berkeley , Noah Bean , Tiffany Hines , Ashton Holmes , Dillon Casey , and Devon Sawa .
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is a 2000 Japanese television series that premiered on January 9 , 2000 , and ended on December 17 , 2000 . It is the 39th NHK taiga drama .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Philip Seymour Hoffman has recognition.
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Philip Seymour Hoffman -LRB- July 23 , 1967 -- February 2 , 2014 -RRB- was an American actor , director , and producer of film and theater . Best known for his distinctive supporting and character roles -- typically lowlifes , bullies , and misfits -- Hoffman made many films from the early 1990s until his death at age 46 . Drawn to theater as a teenager , Hoffman studied acting at New York University 's Tisch School of the Arts . He began his screen career in a 1991 episode of Law & Order and started to appear in films in 1992 . He gained recognition for his supporting work , notably in Boogie Nights -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , Happiness -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , Patch Adams -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , The Big Lebowski -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , Magnolia -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , The Talented Mr. Ripley -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , Almost Famous -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , Punch-Drunk Love -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , and Along Came Polly -LRB- 2004 -RRB- . He began to occasionally play leading roles , and for his portrayal of the author Truman Capote in Capote -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , won multiple accolades including the Academy Award for Best Actor . Hoffman 's profile continued to grow , and he received three more Oscar nominations for his supporting work as a brutally frank CIA officer in Charlie Wilson 's War -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , a priest accused of pedophilia in Doubt -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , and the charismatic leader of a Scientology-type movement in The Master -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . While he mainly worked in independent films , including The Savages -LRB- 2007 -RRB- and Synecdoche , New York -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Hoffman also appeared in Hollywood blockbusters , such as Twister -LRB- 1996 -RRB- and Mission : Impossible III -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , and in one of his final roles , as Plutarch Heavensbee in the Hunger Games series -LRB- 2013 -- 15 -RRB- . The feature Jack Goes Boating -LRB- 2010 -RRB- marked his debut as a filmmaker . Hoffman was also an accomplished theater actor and director . He joined the off-Broadway LAByrinth Theater Company in 1995 , where he directed , produced , and appeared in numerous stage productions . His performances in three Broadway plays -- True West -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , Long Day 's Journey into Night -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , and Death of a Salesman -LRB- 2012 -RRB- -- all led to Tony Award nominations . Hoffman struggled with drug addiction as a young adult , and relapsed in 2013 after many years of sobriety . In February 2014 , he was found dead with a syringe of heroin still in his arm , but the official cause of death was combined drug intoxication -- an unexpected event that was widely lamented in the film and theater industries . Remembered for his fearlessness in playing reprehensible characters , and for bringing depth and humanity to such roles , Hoffman was described in his New York Times obituary as `` perhaps the most ambitious and widely admired American actor of his generation '' .
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John Laurence Seymour -LRB- January 18 , 1893 in Los Angeles -- February 1 , 1986 in San Francisco -RRB- was an American composer and playwright . As a composer Seymour is best known for his operas , which have `` complex orchestral textures and italianate lyricism . ''
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Lithuania is a member of the European Union.
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Lithuania -LRB- UK and US : -LSB- lɪθuː ` eɪniə -RSB- , Lietuva -LSB- lʲɪɛtʊˈvɐ -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Republic of Lithuania -LRB- -LSB- Lietuvos Respublika , links = no -RSB- -RRB- , is a country in Northern Europe . One of the three Baltic states , it is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea , to the east of Sweden and Denmark . It is bordered by Latvia to the north , Belarus to the east and south , Poland to the south , and Kaliningrad Oblast -LRB- a Russian exclave -RRB- to the southwest . Lithuania has an estimated population of 2.8 million people , and its capital and largest city is Vilnius . Lithuanians are a Baltic people . The official language , Lithuanian , along with Latvian , is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family . For centuries , the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea were inhabited by various Baltic tribes . In the 1230s , the Lithuanian lands were united by Mindaugas , the King of Lithuania , and the first unified Lithuanian state , the Kingdom of Lithuania , was created on 6 July 1253 . During the 14th century , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was the largest country in Europe ; present-day Lithuania , Belarus , Ukraine , and parts of Poland and Russia were the territories of the Grand Duchy . With the Lublin Union of 1569 , Lithuania and Poland formed a voluntary two-state union , the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth . The Commonwealth lasted more than two centuries , until neighboring countries systematically dismantled it from 1772 -- 95 , with the Russian Empire annexing most of Lithuania 's territory . As World War I neared its end , Lithuania 's Act of Independence was signed on 16 February 1918 , declaring the founding of the modern Republic of Lithuania . In the midst of the Second World War , Lithuania was first occupied by the Soviet Union and then by Nazi Germany . As World War II neared its end and the Germans retreated , the Soviet Union reoccupied Lithuania . On 11 March 1990 , a year before the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union , Lithuania became the first Soviet republic to declare itself independent , resulting in the restoration of an independent State of Lithuania . Lithuania is a member of the European Union , the Council of Europe , a full member of the Eurozone , Schengen Agreement and NATO . It is also a member of the Nordic Investment Bank , and part of Nordic-Baltic cooperation of Northern European countries . The United Nations Human Development Index lists Lithuania as a `` very high human development '' country . Lithuania has been among the fastest growing economies in the European Union and is ranked 21st in the world in the Ease of Doing Business Index .
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The Liberal and Centre Union -LRB- Liberalų ir centro sąjunga , LiCS -RRB- was a conservative-liberal political party in Lithuania active between 2003 and 2014 . It was a member of the Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe -LRB- ALDE -RRB- .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Richmond, Virginia is in the Mid-Atlantic region of Canada.
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Richmond -LRB- -LSB- ˈrɪtʃmənd -RSB- -RRB- is the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States . It is the center of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area -LRB- MSA -RRB- and the Greater Richmond Region . It was incorporated in 1742 , and has been an independent city since 1871 . As of the 2010 census , the population was 204,214 ; in 2016 , the population was estimated to be 223,170 , the fourth-most populous city in Virginia . The Richmond Metropolitan Area has a population of 1,260,029 , the third-most populous metro in the state . Richmond is located at the fall line of the James River , 44 mi west of Williamsburg , 66 mi east of Charlottesville , and 98 mi south of Washington , D.C. Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties , the city is located at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64 , and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288 . Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest , Glen Allen to the north and west , Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast . The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy , and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown in 1609 , and in 1610 -- 1611 . The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737 . It became the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780 . During the Revolutionary War period , several notable events occurred in the city , including Patrick Henry 's `` Give me liberty or give me death '' speech in 1775 at St. John 's Church , and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson . During the American Civil War , Richmond served as the capital of the Confederate States of America . The city entered the 20th century with one of the world 's first successful electric streetcar systems . The Jackson Ward neighborhood is a national hub of African-American commerce and culture . Richmond 's economy is primarily driven by law , finance , and government , with federal , state , and local governmental agencies , as well as notable legal and banking firms , located in the downtown area . The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit , one of 13 United States courts of appeals , and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond , one of 12 Federal Reserve Banks . Dominion Resources and MeadWestvaco , Fortune 500 companies , are headquartered in the city , with others in the metropolitan area .
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Cambie is a commercial district of Richmond , British Columbia , Canada best known for its high concentration of Asian-themed shopping malls . It is the home to the second-largest Asian community in North America . Richmond 's population is up to 60 percent Asian-Canadian . Richmond is sometimes seen as the `` new Chinatown '' of Greater Vancouver and Golden Village is often blamed for luring many Chinese away from Vancouver 's Chinatown . While Chinatown is often viewed as a lower income area , bordering Vancouver 's notorious Downtown Eastside , Richmond is largely an affluent suburb .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Trevor Baxter is educated.
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Trevor Baxter -LRB- born 18 November 1932 -RRB- is a British actor and playwright . He was educated at Dulwich College and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art . His credits include : Adam Adamant Lives ! , Z-Cars , Maelstrom , Thriller , Spy Trap , The New Avengers , Jack the Ripper , The Barchester Chronicles and Doctors . He is known for his appearance in the Doctor Who serial The Talons of Weng-Chiang -LRB- 1977 -RRB- as Professor George Litefoot . He reprised his role of Professor Litefoot in an episode of audio series , Doctor Who : The Companion Chronicles : The Mahogany Murderers . The following year he was Professor Litefoot again for a continuing series of Jago & Litefoot . Trevor Baxter has appeared on stage with the RSC and in the West End , toured Shakespeare in South America with Sir Ralph Richardson , and also appeared in the USA in David Mamet 's A Life in the Theatre at Shakespeare Santa Cruz in 1986 . He has appeared in many films including Nutcracker -LRB- 1983 -RRB- , Parting Shots -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow -LRB- 2004 -RRB- and Van Wilder : The Rise of Taj -LRB- 2006 -RRB- . He has also written a number of plays including Lies , The Undertaking , and Office Games . His play Ripping Them Off was given its first performance at the Warehouse Theatre Croydon on 5 October 1990 , directed by Ted Craig and designed by Michael Pavelka . The cast consisted of : Ian Targett -LRB- Graham -RRB- , Angus Mackay -LRB- Revd . Parkinson -RRB- , Caroline Blakiston -LRB- Grace -RRB- , Annette Badland -LRB- Hilda -RRB- , Frank Ellis -LRB- Julian -RRB- , Ewart James Walters -LRB- Max -RRB- , Anthony Woodruff -LRB- Pauken -RRB- , Ian Burford -LRB- Inspector Sands -RRB- , Richard Clifford -LRB- Jeff -RRB- and C.P. Grogan -LRB- Susanna -RRB- . In 2003 he adapted Oscar Wilde 's novella The Picture of Dorian Gray for the stage , followed in March 2005 by a touring version of Wilde 's short story , Lord Arthur Savile 's Crime , revived in January 2010 at the Theatre Royal Windsor , starring Lee Mead in the title role . In 2013 Baxter continued to record Doctor Who audiobooks for Big Finish Productions as Professor Litefoot , having now completed twelve series .
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Baxter -LRB- first name and dates unknown -RRB- was an English professional cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1819 to 1822 for Cambridge Town Club , making three known appearances .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Celine Dion's music has been influenced by one genre only.
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Céline Marie Claudette Dion , -LRB- -LSB- ˈdiːɒn -RSB- -LSB- seˈlɪn dziˈjɔ̃ -RSB- ; born 30 March 1968 -RRB- is a Canadian singer and businesswoman . Born into a large family from Charlemagne , Quebec , Dion emerged as a teen star in the French-speaking world after her manager and future husband René Angélil mortgaged his home to finance her first record . Dion first gained international recognition in the 1980s by winning both the 1982 Yamaha World Popular Song Festival and the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest where she represented Switzerland . Following a series of French albums during the 1980s , she signed on to Epic Records in the United States . In 1990 , Dion released her debut English-language album , Unison , establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world . During the 1990s , with the help of Angélil , she achieved worldwide fame after releasing several English albums along with additional French albums . Her albums , Falling into You -LRB- 1996 -RRB- and Let 's Talk About Love -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , were both certified diamond in the US while D'eux -LRB- 1995 -RRB- became the best-selling French-language album of all time . She also scored a series of international number-one hits , including `` Nothing Broken but My Heart '' , `` The Power of Love '' , `` Think Twice '' , `` Because You Loved Me '' , `` It 's All Coming Back to Me Now '' , `` My Heart Will Go On '' , and `` I 'm Your Angel . '' However , in 1999 at the height of her success , Dion announced a hiatus from entertainment to start a family and spend time with her husband , who had been diagnosed with cancer . She returned to the top of pop music in 2002 and signed to perform nightly in A New Day ... -LRB- 2003 -- 07 -RRB- , a five-star theatrical show at the Colosseum at Caesars Palace , on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise , Nevada . It became the most successful residency show of all time , grossing US $ 385 million . Dion 's music has been influenced by genres ranging from rock and R&B to gospel and classical . Her recordings are mainly in French and English , although she also sings in Spanish , Italian , German , Latin , Japanese , and Mandarin Chinese . While her releases have often received mixed critical reception , she is regarded as one of pop music 's most influential voices . Dion has won five Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year and Record of the Year . She is the second best-selling female artist in the US during the Nielsen SoundScan era . In 2003 , Dion was honoured by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry -LRB- IFPI -RRB- for selling over 50 million albums in Europe . Dion remains the best-selling Canadian artist and one of the best-selling artists of all time with record sales of over 200 million copies worldwide .
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Colleen or Cécile Schott -LRB- born 1976 -RRB- is a composer of electronic and ambient music based in France .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Floyd Mayweather Jr. has only ever won a single award.
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Floyd Joy Mayweather Jr. -LRB- born Floyd Joy Sinclair ; February 24 , 1977 -RRB- is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1996 to 2015 , and currently works as a boxing promoter . Widely considered to be one of the greatest boxers of all time , undefeated as a professional , and a five-division world champion , Mayweather won fifteen world titles and the lineal championship in four different weight classes -LRB- twice at welterweight -RRB- . As an amateur , he won a bronze medal in the featherweight division at the 1996 Olympics . Mayweather is a two-time winner of The Ring magazine 's Fighter of the Year award -LRB- 1998 and 2007 -RRB- , a three-time winner of the Boxing Writers Association of America -LRB- BWAA -RRB- Fighter of the Year award -LRB- 2007 , 2013 , and 2015 -RRB- , and a six-time winner of the Best Fighter ESPY Award -LRB- 2007 -- 2010 , 2012 -- 2014 -RRB- . In 2016 , Mayweather was ranked by ESPN as the greatest boxer , pound for pound , of the last 25 years . In the same year , he peaked as BoxRec 's number one fighter of all time , pound for pound , as well as the greatest welterweight of all time . Many sporting news and boxing websites ranked Mayweather as the best boxer in the world , pound for pound , twice in a span of ten years ; including The Ring , Sports Illustrated , ESPN , BoxRec , Fox Sports , and Yahoo! Sports . He is also regarded as the best defensive boxer in the sport , as well as being the most accurate puncher since the existence of CompuBox , having the highest plus -- minus ratio in recorded boxing history . He finished his career with a record of 26 wins without a loss or draw in world title fights -LRB- 10 by KO -RRB- ; 23 wins -LRB- 9 KOs -RRB- in lineal title fights ; 24 wins -LRB- 7 KOs -RRB- against former or current world titlists ; 12 wins -LRB- 3 KOs -RRB- against former or current lineal champions ; and 2 wins -LRB- 1 KO -RRB- against International Boxing Hall of Fame inductees . In addition to his accomplishments in the ring , Mayweather is well known for being one of the most lucrative pay-per-view -LRB- PPV -RRB- attractions of all time , in any sport . He topped the Forbes and Sports Illustrated lists of the 50 highest-paid athletes of 2012 and 2013 respectively , and the Forbes list again in both 2014 and 2015 , listing him as the highest paid athlete in the world . In 2007 , he founded Mayweather Promotions , his own boxing promotional firm after defecting from Bob Arum 's Top Rank . Mayweather has generated approximately 19.5 million in PPV buys and $ 1.3 billion in revenue throughout his career , surpassing the likes of former top PPV attractions including Mike Tyson , Evander Holyfield , Lennox Lewis , Oscar De La Hoya , and Manny Pacquiao .
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Alfred `` Al '' Unser Jr. -LRB- born April 19 , 1962 -RRB- , nicknamed `` Little Al '' , `` Al Junior '' , or simply `` Junior '' , is a retired American race car driver and two-time Indianapolis 500 winner .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Afghanistan is a country in South America.
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Afghanistan -LRB- -LSB- æfˈɡænᵻstæn -RSB- Pashto/Dari : , Afġānistān -RRB- , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan , is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia . It has a population of 33 million , making it the 42nd most populous country in the world . It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east ; Iran in the west ; Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , and Tajikistan in the north ; and China in the far northeast . Its territory covers 652,000 km2 , making it the 41st largest country in the world . Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era , and the country 's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia . Through the ages the land has been home to various peoples and witnessed numerous military campaigns , notably by Alexander the Great , Mauryas , Muslim Arabs , Mongols , British , Soviet , and in the modern era by Western powers . The land also served as the source from which the Kushans , Hephthalites , Samanids , Saffarids , Ghaznavids , Ghorids , Khiljis , Mughals , Hotaks , Durranis , and others have risen to form major empires . The political history of the modern state of Afghanistan began with the Hotak and Durrani dynasties in the 18th century . In the late 19th century , Afghanistan became a buffer state in the `` Great Game '' between British India and the Russian Empire . Following the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919 , King Amanullah unsuccessfully attempted to modernize the country . It remained peaceful during Zahir Shah 's forty years of monarchy . A series of coups in the 1970s was followed by a series of civil wars that devastated much of Afghanistan and continues to this day . Afghanistan is a unitary presidential Islamic republic with Islam as an official state religion . It is a member of the United Nations , the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation , the Group of 77 , the Economic Cooperation Organization , and the Non-Aligned Movement . The country 's economy is ranked 108th in the world with the GDP of $ 64.08 billion .
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The Sarandoy or Sarondoy -LRB- `` Defenders of the Revolution '' -RRB- were a militarized gendarmerie force of the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan in the 1980s , during the Soviet war in Afghanistan .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The eastern border of Asia is an ocean.
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Asia is Earth 's largest and most populous continent , located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe and shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Europe and Africa . Asia covers an area of 44,579,000 km2 , about 30 % of Earth 's total land area and 8.7 % of the Earth 's total surface area . The continent , which has long been home to the majority of the human population , was the site of many of the first civilizations . Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population , but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people . In general terms , Asia is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean , on the south by the Indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean . The western boundary with Europe is a historical and cultural construct , as there is no clear physical and geographical separation between them . The most commonly accepted boundaries place Asia to the east of the Suez Canal , the Ural River , and the Ural Mountains , and south of the Caucasus Mountains and the Caspian and Black Seas . China and India alternated in being the largest economies in the world from 1 to 1800 CE . China was a major economic power and attracted many to the east , and for many the legendary wealth and prosperity of the ancient culture of India personified Asia , attracting European commerce , exploration and colonialism . The accidental discovery of America by Columbus in search for India demonstrates this deep fascination . The Silk Road became the main East-West trading route in the Asian hitherland while the Straits of Malacca stood as a major sea route . Asia has exhibited economic dynamism -LRB- particularly East Asia -RRB- as well as robust population growth during the 20th century , but overall population growth has since fallen . Asia was the birthplace of most of the world 's mainstream religions including Christianity , Islam , Judaism , Hinduism , Buddhism , Confucianism , Taoism -LRB- or Daoism -RRB- , Jainism , Sikhism , Zoroastranism , as well as many other religions . Given its size and diversity , the concept of Asia -- a name dating back to classical antiquity -- may actually have more to do with human geography than physical geography . Asia varies greatly across and within its regions with regard to ethnic groups , cultures , environments , economics , historical ties and government systems . It also has a mix of many different climates ranging from the equatorial south via the hot desert in the Middle East , temperate areas in the east and the continental centre to vast subarctic and polar areas in Siberia .
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This is a list of the extreme points of Eurasia , the points that are farther north , south , east or west than any other location on the continent . Some of these locations are open to debate , owing to the diverse definitions of Europe and Asia . Mainland Eurasia is entirely located within the northern hemisphere and mostly within the eastern hemisphere , yet it touches the western hemisphere on both extremes . Thus , both the easternmost and westernmost points of Eurasia are in the western hemisphere . Mainland Eurasia crosses 200 ° of longitude and 76 ° of latitude north to south .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Katy Perry voice acted Smurfette.
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Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson -LRB- born October 25 , 1984 -RRB- , known professionally as Katy Perry , is an American singer and songwriter . After singing in church during her childhood , she pursued a career in gospel music as a teenager . Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album Katy Hudson under her birth name in 2001 , which was commercially unsuccessful . She moved to Los Angeles the following year to venture into secular music after Red Hill ceased operations and she subsequently began working with producers Glen Ballard , Dr. Luke , and Max Martin . After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records , she signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007 . Perry rose to fame in 2008 with the release of the singles `` I Kissed a Girl '' -- which sparked controversy for its sapphic themes -- and `` Hot n Cold '' from her second album , a pop rock record titled One of the Boys . Her third album , Teenage Dream -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , ventured into disco , and contained the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart-topping singles `` California Gurls '' , `` Teenage Dream '' , `` Firework '' , `` E.T. '' , and `` Last Friday Night -LRB- T.G.I.F. -RRB- '' as well as the number-three single `` The One That Got Away '' . The album became the first by a female artist to produce five number-one songs in the U.S. , and the second overall after Michael Jackson 's album Bad . In March 2012 , she re-issued the album as Teenage Dream : The Complete Confection , which produced the songs `` Part of Me '' and `` Wide Awake '' . Her fourth album , Prism , was released in 2013 , and is influenced by pop and dance . She became the first artist with multiple videos to reach one billion views on Vevo with the videos for its songs `` Roar '' and `` Dark Horse '' . Perry has received many awards , including four Guinness World Records , a Brit Award , and a Juno Award , and been included in the Forbes list of `` Top-Earning Women In Music '' -LRB- 2011 -- 2016 -RRB- . Her estimated net worth as of 2016 is $ 125 million . She is one of the best-selling musical artists of all time , having sold 100 million records globally throughout her career . In film , she released an autobiographical documentary titled Katy Perry : Part of Me in 2012 , and voiced Smurfette in the 2011 film The Smurfs and its sequel in 2013 .
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Teriy Keys -LRB- -LSB- ˈtɛri_ˈkiːs -RSB- -RRB- also known as Smurfie Syco is an English DJ , remixer , record producer , music executive , A&R and businessman / investor . He is the founder and co-chief executive officer of R.O.A.D. Entertainment Global Smurfie Syco is pseudonym used in-conjunction some his earlier releases which is a signed act to Dizzee Rascal 's Dirtee Stank Label , in 2010 ; Smurfie Syco received national press surrounding the campaign for the release of SMURFIESYCO.COM album . He also featured in Mix Mag `` Artist 's of 2010 '' . Keys has credits on multiple studio singles/albums including solo and executive work on other artists projects most notably Smurfie Syco -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , I 'm The Best I Ca n't Help It -LRB- Mixtape -RRB- -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . In 2013 , Teriy was short-listed in Music Week magazine 's publication for the `` 30 under 30 '' best of the rest most influential music industry executives . `` 30 young professionals working in the UK music business of 2013 that are tipping for mighty things in the years and decades to come ''
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Rashida Jones was a cast member of Celeste and Jesse Forever.
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Rashida Leah Jones -LRB- born February 25 , 1976 -RRB- is an American actress , comic book author , producer , singer , and screenwriter . She is known for playing Ann Perkins on NBC 's comedy Parks and Recreation , Louisa Fenn on Fox 's Boston Public and Karen Filippelli on The Office , as well as a small role in the TV show Freaks & Geeks . She has had film roles in I Love You , Man -LRB- 2009 -RRB- ; Our Idiot Brother -LRB- 2011 -RRB- ; The Social Network -LRB- 2010 -RRB- ; The Muppets -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and Celeste and Jesse Forever -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , for the last of which she also wrote the screenplay . She now plays the lead role in the TBS comedy series Angie Tribeca , and recently co-wrote the screenplay for Toy Story 4 .
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Felecia M. Bell -LRB- born June 12 , 1960 -RRB- is an African-American actress best known for her roles in Days of Our Lives and General Hospital , as well as her portrayal of Jennifer Sisko in Star Trek : Deep Space Nine . She also starred as Jessica Rodgers , owner of the House of Soul , in the Sci-Fi television series Nightman .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Led Zeppelin is incapable of being a rock band.
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Led Zeppelin were an English rock band formed in London in 1968 . The group consisted of guitarist Jimmy Page , singer Robert Plant , bassist and keyboardist John Paul Jones , and drummer John Bonham . The band 's heavy , guitar-driven sound , rooted in blues and psychedelia on their early albums , has earned them recognition as one of the progenitors of heavy metal , though their unique style drew from a wide variety of influences , including folk music . After changing their name from the New Yardbirds , Led Zeppelin signed a deal with Atlantic Records that afforded them considerable artistic freedom . Although the group was initially unpopular with critics , they achieved significant commercial success with albums such as Led Zeppelin -LRB- 1969 -RRB- , Led Zeppelin II -LRB- 1969 -RRB- , Led Zeppelin III -LRB- 1970 -RRB- , Led Zeppelin IV -LRB- 1971 -RRB- , Houses of the Holy -LRB- 1973 -RRB- , and Physical Graffiti -LRB- 1975 -RRB- . Their fourth album , which features the track `` Stairway to Heaven '' , is among the most popular and influential works in rock music , and it helped to secure the group 's popularity . Page wrote most of Led Zeppelin 's music , particularly early in their career , while Plant generally supplied the lyrics . Jones ' keyboard-based compositions later became central to the group 's catalogue , which featured increasing experimentation . The latter half of their career saw a series of record-breaking tours that earned the group a reputation for excess and debauchery . Although they remained commercially and critically successful , their output and touring schedule were limited during the late 1970s , and the group disbanded following Bonham 's death from alcohol-related asphyxia in 1980 . In the decades that followed , the surviving members sporadically collaborated and participated in one-off Led Zeppelin reunions . The most successful of these was the 2007 Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert in London , with Jason Bonham taking his late father 's place behind the drums . Led Zeppelin are widely considered one of the most successful , innovative , and influential rock groups in history . They are one of the best-selling music artists in the history of audio recording ; various sources estimate the group 's record sales at 200 to 300 million units worldwide . With RIAA-certified sales of 111.5 million units , they are the second-best-selling band in the US . Each of their nine studio albums placed in the top 10 of the Billboard album chart and six reached the number-one spot . They achieved eight consecutive UK number-one albums . Rolling Stone magazine described them as `` the heaviest band of all time '' , `` the biggest band of the Seventies '' , and `` unquestionably one of the most enduring bands in rock history '' . They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995 ; the museum 's biography of the band states that they were `` as influential '' during the 1970s as the Beatles were during the 1960s .
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`` Thank You '' is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin from their 1969 album Led Zeppelin II , written by Robert Plant and Jimmy Page .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Bungie is a developer of video games.
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Bungie , Inc. is an American video game developer located in Bellevue , Washington , United States . The company was established in May 1991 as Bungie Software Products Corporation by University of Chicago undergraduate student Alex Seropian , who later brought in programmer Jason Jones after publishing Jones ' game Minotaur : The Labyrinths of Crete . Originally based in Chicago , Illinois , the company concentrated primarily on Macintosh games during its early years and created two very successful video game franchises called Marathon and Myth . A West Coast offshoot produced the PC and console title Oni . Microsoft acquired Bungie in 2000 ; the project it was working on was repurposed into a launch title for Microsoft 's Xbox console , called Halo : Combat Evolved . Halo became the Xbox 's `` killer app '' , selling millions of copies and spawning a billion dollar franchise . On October 5 , 2007 , Bungie announced that it had split from Microsoft and become a privately held independent company , Bungie LLC -LRB- Microsoft retained ownership of the Halo franchise IP -RRB- . Among Bungie 's side projects is Bungie.net , the company 's official website , which includes company information , forums , and statistics-tracking and integration with many of its games . Bungie.net also serves as the platform from which Bungie sells company-related merchandise out of the Bungie Store and runs other projects , including Bungie Aerospace , charitable organization the Bungie Foundation , a podcast , and online publications about game topics . The company is known for its informal and dedicated workplace culture , and recently signed a ten-year publishing deal with Activision . Their first project together was the 2014 first-person shooter , Destiny .
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is an action role-playing video game developed by Produce ! and published by Enix for the Super NES . It was only released in Japan and North America .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Aluminium is prevalent in the environment.
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Aluminium or aluminum -LRB- see below -RRB- is a chemical element in the boron group with symbol Al and atomic number 13 . It is a silvery-white , soft , nonmagnetic , ductile metal . By mass , aluminium makes up about 8 % of the Earth 's crust ; it is the third most abundant element after oxygen and silicon and the most abundant metal in the crust , though it is less common in the mantle below . Aluminium metal is so chemically reactive that native specimens are rare and limited to extreme reducing environments . Instead , it is found combined in over 270 different minerals . The chief ore of aluminium is bauxite . Aluminium is remarkable for the metal 's low density and its ability to resist corrosion through the phenomenon of passivation . Aluminium and its alloys are vital to the aerospace industry and important in transportation and structures , such as building facades and window frames . The oxides and sulfates are the most useful compounds of aluminium . Despite its prevalence in the environment , no known form of life uses aluminium salts metabolically , but aluminium is well tolerated by plants and animals . Because of these salts ' abundance , the potential for a biological role for them is of continuing interest , and studies continue .
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Pedalfer is composed of aluminum and iron oxides . It is a subdivision of the zonal soil order comprising a large group of soils in which sesquioxides increase relative to silica during soil formation . Pedalfers usually occur in humid areas . It is not used in the current United States system of soil classification but the term commonly shows up in college geology texts . Pedalfers have three subdivisions of which one is Lateritic soils . Pedalfer is a formative element in the United States soil taxonomic system for the Alfisols soil order . Alf is the formative element in the Alfisol name , and refers to aluminium -LRB- Al -RRB- and iron -LRB- Fe -RRB- .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Dracula is a book published in 1897.
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Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker . It introduced the famous character Count Dracula and established many conventions of subsequent vampire fantasy . The novel tells the story of Dracula 's attempt to move from Transylvania to England so that he may find new blood and spread the undead curse , and of the battle between Dracula and a small group of men and women led by Professor Abraham Van Helsing . Dracula has been assigned to many literary genres including vampire literature , horror fiction , the gothic novel , and invasion literature . The novel has spawned numerous theatrical , film , and television interpretations .
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Dariel : a romance of Surrey is a novel by R. D. Blackmore published in 1897 . It is an adventure story set initially in Surrey before the action moves to the Caucasian mountains . The story is narrated by George Cranleigh , a farmer who falls in love with Dariel , the daughter of a Caucasian prince . Dariel was the last of Blackmore 's novels , published just over two years before his death .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Priyanka Chopra is incapable of promoting environmental causes.
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Priyanka Chopra -LRB- -LSB- prɪˈjaːŋkaː ˈtʃoːpɽaː -RSB- ; born 18 July 1982 -RRB- is an Indian actress , singer , film producer , philanthropist , and the winner of the Miss World 2000 pageant . One of India 's highest-paid and most popular celebrities , Chopra has received numerous awards , including a National Film Award and five Filmfare Awards . In 2016 , the Government of India honoured her with the Padma Shri , the fourth highest civilian award , and Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world . In 2017 , she has been honoured with Dadasaheb Phalke Award - India 's highest award in cinema , becoming the first actress to win in the category `` International Acclaimed Actress Award '' . Although Chopra initially aspired to study aeronautical engineering , she accepted offers to join the Indian film industry , which came as a result of her pageant wins , making her Bollywood debut in The Hero -LRB- 2003 -RRB- . She played the leading lady in the box-office hits Andaaz -LRB- 2003 -RRB- and Mujhse Shaadi Karogi -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , and earned praise for her breakout role in the 2004 thriller Aitraaz . In 2006 , Chopra established herself as a leading actress of Indian cinema with starring roles in the top-grossing productions Krrish and Don . Following a brief setback , she received critical acclaim for playing a troubled model in the drama Fashion -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , which won her the Filmfare and National Film Award for Best Actress . Chopra subsequently gained wider recognition for portraying a range of characters in the films Kaminey -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , 7 Khoon Maaf -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Barfi ! -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , Mary Kom -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , Dil Dhadakne Do -LRB- 2015 -RRB- and Bajirao Mastani -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , all of which garnered her several awards and nominations . In 2015 , she began starring as Alex Parrish on the ABC thriller series Quantico , becoming the first South Asian to headline an American network series . In addition to her acting career , Chopra is noted for her philanthropic work . She has worked with UNICEF for the last ten years and was appointed as the national and global UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador for Child Rights in 2010 and 2016 respectively . She promotes various causes such as environment , health and education , and women 's rights and is particularly vocal about gender equality and feminism . Chopra 's off-screen life is the subject of substantial media coverage . As a recording artist , she has released three singles . She is also the founder of the production company Purple Pebble Pictures , which released the acclaimed Marathi comedy-drama Ventilator -LRB- 2016 -RRB- .
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Harvinder Singh Phoolka , commonly known as H. S. Phoolka , is a senior advocate of Delhi High Court , politician , Human Rights activist , and author . He is known for spearheading one of the longest and most tortuous legal `` crusades '' to gain justice for the victims of 1984 anti-Sikh riots and fighting individual cases on the involvement of Congress-I leaders H. K. L. Bhagat , Sajjan Kumar and Jagdish Tytler despite the government cover-up . He received threatening letters for unearthing involvements of ruling political party leaders in what the Asian Age called `` the Mother of all Cover-ups '' in a front-page story . The special anniversary edition of the Outlook included Phoolka in its list of 50 people that make a difference in India , alongside Amartya Sen and Abhinav Ghosh . He unsuccessfully contested 2014 Lok Sabha Polls as an AAP Candidate from Ludhiana .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Blink-182 is a band.
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Blink-182 -LRB- often stylized as blink-182 ; pronounced `` blink one eighty two '' -RRB- is an American rock band formed in Poway , California in 1992 . The band currently consists of bassist and vocalist Mark Hoppus , drummer Travis Barker , and guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba . Founded by guitarist and vocalist Tom DeLonge , bassist and vocalist Mark Hoppus and drummer Scott Raynor , the band emerged from the Southern California punk scene of the early 1990s and first gained notoriety for high-energy live shows and irreverent lyrical toilet humor . Blink-182 was initially known as Blink until an Irish band of the same name threatened legal action ; in response , the band appended the meaningless number '' -182 '' . In its early years , Blink-182 toured heavily behind the band 's debut , Cheshire Cat -LRB- 1995 -RRB- . The group signed with major label MCA Records to co-distribute its second album , Dude Ranch -LRB- 1997 -RRB- . Raynor was fired midway through a 1998 tour and replaced by Barker . The group 's next two releases , Enema of the State -LRB- 1999 -RRB- and Take Off Your Pants and Jacket -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , were enormous successes on the strength of radio and MTV airplay . The eponymously titled Blink-182 followed in 2003 and marked a stylistic shift for the group . DeLonge quit in 2005 , sending the band into what was termed an `` indefinite hiatus '' . They reunited in 2009 , producing the trio 's sixth album , Neighborhoods -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . In 2015 , DeLonge again exited and was replaced by Alkaline Trio guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba . The band 's seventh studio album , California , was released on July 1 , 2016 . Blink-182 is considered a key group in the development of pop punk ; the band 's combination of pop melodies with fast-paced punk rock featured a more radio-friendly accessibility than prior bands . The trio has sold over thirteen million albums in the United States , and over 50 million albums worldwide . In 2011 , The New York Times asserted , `` no punk band of the 1990s has been more influential than Blink-182 , '' and even as the band receded after its 2005 split , `` its sound and style could be heard in the muscular pop punk of Fall Out Boy or in the current wave of high-gloss Warped Tour punk bands , like All Time Low and The Maine . ''
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`` Up All Night '' is a song by American rock band Blink-182 , released on July 14 , 2011 as the lead single from the group 's sixth studio album , Neighborhoods -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . The song was the band 's first single following a four-year hiatus . It was the first song the trio created upon their reformation in February 2009 . Although the band wanted to release the track as a digital single in July 2009 , they quickly decided it was too ambitious to complete before their fall reunion tour . The track generally grew heavier over the course of two-year recording process . The song premiered July 14 , 2011 , on Los Angeles radio station KROQ-FM and the band 's official website . A digital single was released the following day . Critics received the song positively , with many favorably noting similarities with the band 's side-projects . Two music videos were released for `` Up All Night '' in August 2011 . The main video , directed by Isaac Rentz , features the band playing in a neighborhood during a reckless block party , and a second video features a montage compiled from fan-made YouTube videos that used the band 's music illegally . Critics generally reacted to both videos favorably , with many media outlets covering the fan-made compilation .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Zendaya is in the song "Watch Me".
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Zendaya Maree Stoermer Coleman -LRB- born September 1 , 1996 -RRB- , known mononymously as Zendaya -LRB- -LSB- zɛnˈdeɪ.ə -RSB- -RRB- , is an American actress , singer , and dancer . From 2010 to 2013 , she starred in the Disney Channel sitcom Shake It Up as Rocky Blue . She has starred in two films and played one of the lead roles in the film Frenemies as Halley Brandon . She voiced Fern in the Pixie Hollow Games . She appeared in Good Luck Charlie as Rocky Blue and in a Good Luck Charlie and Shake It Up crossover title Charlie Shakes It Up . She appeared on PrankStars as herself in the episode `` Walk The Prank '' and on A.N.T. Farm as Sequoia Jones in the episode `` Creative ConsultANT . '' Zendaya signed a deal with Hollywood Records on August 8 , 2012 , and started recording songs for her debut album on August 12 , 2012 . She released a single from an independent label called `` Swag It Out '' and another single with Bella Thorne called `` Watch Me , '' which is featured on the Break It Down album . On March 20 , 2012 , Zendaya released the song `` Something to Dance For '' as promotional single from Shake It Up : Live 2 Dance soundtrack .
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is a song recorded by Japanese pop singer Sayuri Sugawara . The single was released on May 19 , 2010 by For Life Music . The title track is the theme song for the Japanese television drama of the same name .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Ancient Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, such as Phoenicians.
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Algeria -LRB- الجزائر ; ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ , Dzayer ; Algérie -RRB- , officially the People 's Democratic Republic of Algeria , is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast . Its capital and most populous city is Algiers , located in the country 's far north . With an area of 2381741 km2 , Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world , and the largest in Africa . Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia , to the east by Libya , to the west by Morocco , to the southwest by the Western Saharan territory , Mauritania , and Mali , to the southeast by Niger , and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea . The country is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes -LRB- counties -RRB- . Abdelaziz Bouteflika has been President since 1999 . Ancient Algeria has known many empires and dynasties , including ancient Numidians , Phoenicians , Carthaginians , Romans , Vandals , Byzantines , Umayyads , Abbasids , Idrisid , Aghlabid , Rustamid , Fatimids , Zirid , Hammadids , Almoravids , Almohads , Spaniards , Ottomans and the French colonial empire . Berbers are the indigenous inhabitants of Algeria . Algeria is a regional and middle power . The North African country supplies large amounts of natural gas to Europe , and energy exports are the backbone of the economy . According to OPEC Algeria has the 16th largest oil reserves in the world and the second largest in Africa , while it has the 9th largest reserves of natural gas . Sonatrach , the national oil company , is the largest company in Africa . Algeria has one of the largest militaries in Africa and the largest defence budget on the continent ; most of Algeria 's weapons are imported from Russia , with whom they are a close ally . Algeria is a member of the African Union , the Arab League , OPEC , the United Nations and is the founding member of the Maghreb Union .
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The following outline is provided as an overview of a topical guide to ancient Egypt : Ancient Egypt -- ancient civilization of eastern North Africa , concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt . Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 BCE -LRB- according to conventional Egyptian chronology -RRB- with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh . The many achievements of the ancient Egyptians include the quarrying , surveying and construction techniques that facilitated the building of monumental pyramids , temples , and obelisks ; a system of mathematics ; a practical and effective system of medicine ; irrigation systems and agricultural production techniques ; the first known ships ; Egyptian faience and glass technology ; new forms of literature ; and the earliest known peace treaty .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Tyrese Gibson is well known for a role.
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Tyrese Darnell Gibson -LRB- born December 30 , 1978 -RRB- , also known mononymously as Tyrese , is an American Grammy-nominated singer , songwriter , actor , author , television producer , former fashion model and MTV VJ . He is best known for his roles as Joseph `` Jody '' Summers in Baby Boy , Roman Pearce in the Fast and the Furious series and Robert Epps in the Transformers film series . After releasing several albums , he transitioned into films , with lead roles in several major Hollywood releases .
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Todd A. Grinnell -LRB- born March 29 , 1976 -RRB- is an American actor , best known for playing Jason in the series Four Kings and for playing Schneider in the sitcom One Day at a Time .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Brad Pitt did not star in Legends of the Fall.
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William Bradley Pitt -LRB- born December 18 , 1963 -RRB- is an American actor and producer . He has received multiple awards and nominations including an Academy Award as producer under his own company Plan B Entertainment . Pitt first gained recognition as a cowboy hitchhiker in the road movie Thelma & Louise -LRB- 1991 -RRB- . His first leading roles in big-budget productions came with the dramas A River Runs Through It -LRB- 1992 -RRB- and Legends of the Fall -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , and Interview with the Vampire -LRB- 1994 -RRB- . He gave critically acclaimed performances in the crime thriller Seven and the science fiction film 12 Monkeys -LRB- both 1995 -RRB- , the latter earning him a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor and an Academy Award nomination . Pitt starred in the cult film Fight Club -LRB- 1999 -RRB- and the heist film Ocean 's Eleven -LRB- 2001 -RRB- and its sequels , Ocean 's Twelve -LRB- 2004 -RRB- and Ocean 's Thirteen -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . His greatest commercial successes have been Troy -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Mr. & Mrs. Smith -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , and World War Z -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . Pitt received his second and third Academy Award nominations for his leading performances in The Curious Case of Benjamin Button -LRB- 2008 -RRB- and Moneyball -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . He produced The Departed -LRB- 2006 -RRB- and 12 Years a Slave -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , both of which won the Academy Award for Best Picture , and also The Tree of Life , Moneyball , and The Big Short -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , all of which garnered Best Picture nominations . As a public figure , Pitt has been cited as one of the most influential and powerful people in the American entertainment industry , as well as the world 's most attractive man , by various media outlets . His personal life is also the subject of wide publicity . Divorced from actress Jennifer Aniston , to whom he was married for five years , he has been married to actress Angelina Jolie since 2014 . They have six children together , three of whom were adopted internationally . In September 2016 , Jolie filed for divorce from Pitt .
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Britt Leach -LRB- born July 18 , 1938 ; Gadsden , Alabama -RRB- is an American character actor . He is best known for his roles in the films Fuzz -LRB- 1972 -RRB- , Interval -LRB- 1973 -RRB- , The California Kid -LRB- 1974 -RRB- , Jackson County Jail -LRB- 1976 -RRB- , Goin ' South -LRB- 1978 -RRB- , Loose Shoes -LRB- 1978 -RRB- , Hardly Working -LRB- 1980 -RRB- , High Noon , Part II : The Return of Will Kane -LRB- 1980 -RRB- , Night Warning -LRB- 1982 -RRB- , The Last Starfighter -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , Silent Night , Deadly Night -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , Weird Science -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , Baby Boom -LRB- 1987 -RRB- and The Great Outdoors -LRB- 1988 -RRB- . Leach has also made guest appearances in television shows such as The Brady Bunch , The Partridge Family , Bonanza , Tales from the Crypt and many others . During the fall of 1976 , he was cast in the role of Mickey `` Wig '' Wiggins , an airplane mechanic , in the six-episode CBS adventure series , Spencer 's Pilots , starring Gene Evans , Christopher Stone , and Todd Susman . His final film role to date is an uncredited appearance in the 1991 film Father of the Bride in which his character , a supermarket 's assistant manager , confronts Steve Martin 's character for making a scene in the supermarket he manages and has him imprisoned for it . In 2007 , Leach did not renew his membership in the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and wrote of his frustration with DVD screeners in a satirical piece on his website .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Furia is adapted from a short story by an essayist.
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Furia is a 1999 French romantic drama film directed by Alexandre Aja , who co-wrote screenplay with Grégory Levasseur , adapted from the science fiction short story `` Graffiti '' by Julio Cortázar . It stars Stanislas Merhar and Marion Cotillard .
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Robert -LRB- R. W. -RRB- Gray is a Canadian writer , filmmaker and academic . Originally from Prince Rupert , British Columbia , he was educated at the University of Victoria , the University of Manitoba and the University of Alberta . He taught screenwriting at the Vancouver Film School in the early 2000s , and published two serialized novels , Tide Pool Sketches -LRB- 2001 -RRB- and Waterboys -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , in Xtra ! West during this era . His debut short story collection Crisp was published in 2010 , and was shortlisted for the Danuta Gleed Literary Award in 2011 . His second short story collection , Entropic , followed in 2015 . He has also published both poetry and short stories in Arc , Grain , Event , The Fiddlehead , Malahat Review and dANDelion . His poems `` How this begins '' , `` Flutter '' , `` Bite '' and `` Outside the Café '' appeared in John Barton and Billeh Nickerson 's 2007 anthology Seminal : The Anthology of Canada 's Gay Male Poets . As a screenwriter , he has written six short films , of which he directed two . He has also produced several short films for other directors . He is currently based in Fredericton , New Brunswick , where he teaches in the film studies department at the University of New Brunswick and is an organizer of the annual Fredericton 48-Hour Film Competition . He is also a senior editor and film critic for the web magazine Numéro Cinq .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Chernobyl disaster caused multiple deaths within the facility.
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The Chernobyl disaster , also referred to as the Chernobyl accident , was a catastrophic nuclear accident . It occurred on 26 April 1986 in the No. 4 light water graphite moderated reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant near Pripyat , in what was then part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic of the Soviet Union -LRB- USSR -RRB- . During a late night safety test which simulated a station blackout power-failure and in which safety systems were deliberately turned off , a combination of inherent reactor design flaws , together with the reactor operators arranging the core in a manner contrary to the checklist for the test , eventually resulted in uncontrolled reaction conditions that flashed water into steam generating a destructive steam explosion and a subsequent open-air graphite fire.Although most reports on the Chernobyl accident refer to a number of graphite fires , it is highly unlikely that the graphite itself burned . According to the General Atomics website < http://gt-mhr.ga.com/safety.php > : `` It is often incorrectly assumed that the combustion behavior of graphite is similar to that of charcoal and coal . Numerous tests and calculations have shown that it is virtually impossible to burn high-purity , nuclear-grade graphites . '' On Chernobyl , the same source states : `` Graphite played little or no role in the progression or consequences of the accident . The red glow observed during the Chernobyl accident was the expected color of luminescence for graphite at 700 ° C and not a large-scale graphite fire , as some have incorrectly assumed . '' Similarly , nuclear physicist Yevgeny Velikhov , < http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4918742.stm > noted some 2 weeks after the accident that `` Until now the possibility of a catastrophe really did exist : A great quantity of fuel and graphite of the reactor was in an incandescent state '' That is , all the nuclear-decay heat that was generated inside the uranium fuel -LRB- heat which would normally be extracted by back-up coolant pumps , in an undamaged reactor -RRB- was instead responsible for making the fuel itself and any graphite in contact with it , to glow red-hot . This is contrary to the oft cited interpretation , which is that the graphite was red-hot chiefly because it was chemically oxidizing with the air . This fire produced considerable updrafts for about 9 days , that lofted plumes of fission products into the atmosphere , with the estimated radioactive inventory that was released during this very hot fire phase , approximately equal in magnitude to the airborne fission products released in the initial destructive explosion . Practically all of this radioactive material would then go on to fall-out/precipitate onto much of the surface of the western USSR and Europe . The Chernobyl accident dominates the Energy accidents sub-category , of most disastrous nuclear power plant accident in history , both in terms of cost and casualties . It is one of only two nuclear energy accidents classified as a level 7 event -LRB- the maximum classification -RRB- on the International Nuclear Event Scale , the other being the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan in 2011 . The struggle to safeguard against scenarios which were , at many times falsely , perceived as having the potential for greater catastrophe and the later decontamination efforts of the surroundings , ultimately involved over 500,000 workers and cost an estimated 18 billion rubles . During the accident , blast effects caused 2 deaths within the facility and later 29 firemen and employees died in the days-to-months afterward from acute radiation syndrome , with the potential for long-term cancers still being investigated . The remains of the No. 4 reactor building were enclosed in a large sarcophagus -LRB- radiation shield -RRB- by December 1986 , at a time when what was left of the reactor was entering the cold shut-down phase ; the enclosure was built quickly as occupational safety for the crews of the other undamaged reactors at the power station , with No. 3 continuing to produce electricity into 2000 . The accident motivated safety upgrades on all remaining Soviet-designed reactors in the RBMK -LRB- Chernobyl No. 4 -RRB- family , of which eleven continued to power electric grids as of 2013 .
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A radiation accident occurred in Samut Prakan Province , Thailand in January -- February 2000 . The accident happened when an insecurely stored unlicensed cobalt-60 radiation source was recovered by scrap metal collectors who , together with a scrapyard worker , subsequently dismantled the container , unknowingly exposing themselves and others nearby to ionizing radiation . Over the following weeks , those exposed developed symptoms of radiation sickness and eventually sought medical attention . The Office of Atomic Energy for Peace -LRB- OAEP -RRB- , Thailand 's nuclear regulatory agency , was notified when doctors came to suspect radiation injury , some seventeen days after the initial exposure . The OAEP sent an emergency response team to locate and contain the radiation source , which was estimated to have an activity of 15.7 TBq , and was eventually traced to its owner . Investigations found failure to ensure secure storage of the radiation source to be the root cause of the accident , which resulted in ten people being hospitalized for radiation injury , three of whom died , as well as the potentially significant exposure of 1,872 people .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Mithun Chakraborty is a country.
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Gourang Chakraborty -LRB- born 16 June 1950 -RRB- , better known by his stage name Mithun Chakraborty ; informally referred to as Mithun Da , is an Indian film actor , singer , producer , writer , social worker , entrepreneur and a Rajya Sabha Member of Parliament . He is the recipient of three National Film Awards . He made his acting debut with the art house drama Mrigayaa -LRB- 1976 -RRB- , for which he won his first National Film Award for Best Actor . He began his career as a junior actor and went on to establish himself as one of the biggest stars in Bollywood . He is recognized as one of the best `` dancing-heroes '' in Bollywood with his `` Disco and Desi '' fusion-style dancing that is popular among the masses . Chakraborty is best remembered for his role as Jimmy in the movie Disco Dancer which was a superhit in India and also in many other countries in the world , especially Russia . In Russia , Chakraborty and Raj Kapoor are the most popular Indian actors . Besides ` Disco Dancer ' , Chakraborty is best remembered for his performance in films like Suraksha , Saahas , Wardat , Pyar Jhukta Nahi , Dance Dance and Agneepath . In 1991 , he won the Filmfare Best Supporting Actor award for his role as Krishnan Iyer Nariyal paniwala for the movie Agneepath . He later won two more National Film Awards for his performances in Tahader Katha -LRB- 1992 -RRB- and Swami Vivekananda -LRB- 1998 -RRB- . Chakraborty has appeared in more than 350 films including Bengali , Odia , Bhojpuri , Telugu and Punjabi pictures . Chakraborty owns the Monarch Group , which has interests in the hospitality sector and educational sector . He has also started the production house Paparatzy Productions In 1992 , he along with Dilip Kumar and Sunil Dutt , set up a trust to help needy actors called Cine & T.V Artistes Association -LRB- CINTAA -RRB- . He was also the Chairperson of Film Studios Setting & Allied Mazdoor Union which take care the welfare of cine workers and resolve their demands and problems . The Television show Dance India Dance where Chakraborty is the Grandmaster has already entered in Limca Book of Records and Guinness World Records Chakraborty played a crucial role of mediator between Pranab Mukherjee and Mamata Banerjee , winning the Congressman the support of the Trinamool chief in the 2012 presidential election . A comic book named Jimmy Zhingchak has been made based on Chakraborty .
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Satyameba Jayate is a 2008 Bengali-language Indian feature film directed by Milan Bhowmik and produced by Ashok Kumar Bed and Soma Bhowmik , starring Mithun Chakraborty , Puneet Issar , Seemran , Tania and Priyadarshini
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.J. K. Rowling was born in the 1960s.
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Joanne Rowling , -LRB- -LSB- ˈrəʊlɪŋ -RSB- born 31 July 1965 -RRB- , pen names J. K. Rowling and Robert Galbraith , is a British novelist , screenwriter and film producer best known as the author of the Harry Potter fantasy series . The books have gained worldwide attention , won multiple awards , and sold more than 400 million copies . They have become the best-selling book series in history and been the basis for a series of films over which Rowling had overall approval on the scripts and maintained creative control by serving as a producer on the final instalment . Born in Yate , Gloucestershire , England , Rowling was working as a researcher and bilingual secretary for Amnesty International when she conceived the idea for the Harry Potter series while on a delayed train from Manchester to London in 1990 . The seven-year period that followed saw the death of her mother , birth of her first child , divorce from her first husband and relative poverty until she finished the first novel in the series , Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , in 1997 . There were six sequels , the last , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , in 2007 . Since then , Rowling has written four books for adult readers : The Casual Vacancy -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and -- under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith -- the crime fiction novels The Cuckoo 's Calling -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , The Silkworm -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and Career of Evil -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . Rowling has lived a `` rags to riches '' life story , in which she progressed from living on state benefits to multi-millionaire status within five years . She is the United Kingdom 's best-selling living author , with sales in excess of # 238M . The 2016 Sunday Times Rich List estimated Rowling 's fortune at # 600 million , ranking her as the joint 197th richest person in the UK . Time magazine named her as a runner-up for its 2007 Person of the Year , noting the social , moral , and political inspiration she has given her fans . In October 2010 , Rowling was named the `` Most Influential Woman in Britain '' by leading magazine editors . She has supported charities including Comic Relief , One Parent Families , Multiple Sclerosis Society of Great Britain and Lumos -LRB- formerly the Children 's High Level Group -RRB- .
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The following are supporting characters in the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling . For members of the Order of the Phoenix , Dumbledore 's Army , Hogwarts staff , Ministry of Magic , or for Death Eaters , see the respective articles .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Solange Knowles has a car called Solo Star.
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Solange Piaget Knowles -LRB- -LSB- soʊˈlɑːnʒ -RSB- born June 24 , 1986 -RRB- is an American singer , songwriter , dancer , model and actress . Expressing an interest in music from an early age , Knowles had several temporary stints in Destiny 's Child , before signing with her father Mathew Knowles 's Music World Entertainment label . At age 16 , Knowles released her first studio album Solo Star -LRB- 2002 -RRB- . Between 2005 and 2007 , Knowles had several minor acting roles , including the direct-to-video Bring It On : All or Nothing -LRB- 2006 -RRB- and continued writing music for her older sister Beyoncé Knowles-Carter and for ex-Destiny 's Child group members Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams . In 2007 , Knowles began to record music again . Her second studio album Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams -LRB- 2008 -RRB- deviated from the pop-oriented music of her debut to the Motown Sound of the 1960s and 1970s . It peaked at number nine on US Billboard 200 and received positive reviews from critics . She followed this up with the 1980s pop and R&B -- inspired extended play True -LRB- 2012 -RRB- on Columbia Records and her imprint Saint Records . Her third studio album , A Seat at the Table -LRB- 2016 -RRB- became her first number-one album in the United States . The album 's first single , `` Cranes in the Sky '' won the Grammy for Best R&B Performance . In December 2016 , Billboard magazine ranked her as the 100th most successful dance artist of all-time . Knowles is heavily influenced by Motown girl groups and says that her first passion is songwriting . She is frequently compared by the media to her sister , Beyoncé , but Solange insists they have different aspirations and are musically different . Her other ventures include an endorsement deal with Rimmel London and a line of hip-hop-oriented merchandise for young children . On November 16 , 2014 , Knowles married music video director Alan Ferguson in New Orleans , Louisiana .
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The Chevrolet Corvette , known colloquially as the Vette , or Chevy Corvette , is a sports car manufactured by Chevrolet . The car has been produced through seven generations . The first model , a convertible , was introduced at the GM Motorama in 1953 as a concept show car . Myron Scott is credited for naming the car after the type of small , maneuverable warship called a corvette . Originally built in Flint , Michigan and St. Louis , Missouri , the Corvette is currently manufactured in Bowling Green , Kentucky and is the official sports car of the Commonwealth of Kentucky .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Great Debaters is a television show.
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The Great Debaters is a 2007 American biographical drama film directed by and starring Denzel Washington . It is based on an article written about the Wiley College debate team by Tony Scherman for the spring 1997 issue of American Legacy . The film co-stars Forest Whitaker , Kimberly Elise , Nate Parker , Gina Ravera , Jermaine Williams and Jurnee Smollett . The screenplay was written by Robert Eisele . The film was released in theaters on December 25 , 2007 .
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Big ! is a TV series in which an episode consists of a team of engineers manufacturing the world 's biggest items -LRB- usually a household item that 's normally hand carried , scaled up to proportions that make the items unusable without JCBs and Cherrypickers -RRB- for the sake of setting world records . The devices have to function to qualify . The series originally aired on Discovery Channel in 2004 . It is currently airing on The Science Channel weekday mornings .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Audi currently has a slogan, "Advancement through Technology."
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Audi -LRB- -LSB- ˈʔaʊ̯dɪ ʔaːˈgeː -RSB- -RRB- is a German automobile manufacturer that designs , engineers , produces , markets and distributes luxury vehicles . Audi is a member of the Volkswagen Group and has its roots at Ingolstadt , Bavaria , Germany . Audi-branded vehicles are produced in nine production facilities worldwide . The origins of the company are complex , going back to the early 20th century and the initial enterprises -LRB- Horch and the Audiwerke -RRB- founded by engineer August Horch ; and two other manufacturers -LRB- DKW and Wanderer -RRB- , leading to the foundation of Auto Union in 1932 . The modern era of Audi essentially began in the 1960s when Auto Union was acquired by Volkswagen from Daimler-Benz . After relaunching the Audi brand with the 1965 introduction of the Audi F103 series , Volkswagen merged Auto Union with NSU Motorenwerke in 1969 , thus creating the present day form of the company . The company name is based on the Latin translation of the surname of the founder , August Horch . `` Horch '' , meaning `` listen '' in German , becomes `` audi '' in Latin . The four rings of the Audi logo each represent one of four car companies that banded together to create Audi 's predecessor company , Auto Union . Audi 's slogan is Vorsprung durch Technik , meaning `` Advancement through Technology '' . However , Audi USA had used the slogan `` Truth in Engineering '' from 2007 to 2016 , and has not used the slogan since 2016 . Audi , along with BMW and Mercedes are among the best-selling luxury automobile brands in the world .
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Validas was founded in 2007 to stop wireless carriers from confusing and abusing their customers , and has since worked relentlessly to become the world 's leading experts in carriers ' billing , pricing , marketing and sales tactics . It is a mobile intelligence company that analyzes cell bills for Fortune 500 enterprises , municipalities , and consumers . Patented SAAS technology analyzes a wireless bill for errors and compares the historic usage of the customer to the options available to them from their wireless carrier . From this information , Validas then makes recommendations to the customer regarding the optimal configuration of their wireless plan . The patent applies to the software 's unique process of taking such billing data and transforming it into actionable information . The word Validas is derived from several ideas . It is related to `` validate , '' which is the core of what it does to wireless bills ; validate whether bills are accurate and find plan mismatches and errors to save money . It means `` powerful '' in Latin and Spanish . The technology and the information Validas provides are powerful -- empowering users to understand how they use their wireless services and how they spend every cent . Finally , it derives from `` veritas , '' which means truth . The goal of the technology has been to put truth in wireless billing by delivering accurate and detailed information into users ' hands .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.In 2015, Tokyo was listed as the Most Liveable City in the world by the magazine Monocle.
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Tokyo -LRB- -LSB- toːkjoː -RSB- , -LSB- langˈtoʊki.oʊ -RSB- -RRB- , officially Tokyo Metropolis , is the capital of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures . The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world . It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government . Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands . Formerly known as Edo , it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters . It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868 ; at that time Edo was renamed Tokyo . Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the . Tokyo is often referred to as a city , but is officially known and governed as a `` metropolitan prefecture '' , which differs from and combines elements of a city and a prefecture , a characteristic unique to Tokyo . The Tokyo metropolitan government administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo -LRB- each governed as an individual city -RRB- , which cover the area that was the City of Tokyo before it merged and became the metropolitan prefecture in 1943 . The metropolitan government also administers 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains . The population of the special wards is over 9 million people , with the total population of the prefecture exceeding 13 million . The prefecture is part of the world 's most populous metropolitan area with upwards of 37.8 million people and the world 's largest urban agglomeration economy . The city hosts 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies , the highest number of any city in the world . Tokyo ranked third in the International Financial Centres Development IndexEdit . The city is also home to various television networks such as Fuji TV , Tokyo MX , TV Tokyo , TV Asahi , Nippon Television , NHK and the Tokyo Broadcasting System . Tokyo ranked first in the Global Economic Power Index and fourth in the Global Cities Index . The city is considered an alpha + world city -- as listed by the GaWC 's 2008 inventory -- and in 2014 , Tokyo was ranked first in the `` Best overall experience '' category of TripAdvisor '' 's World City Survey -LRB- the city also ranked first in the following categories : `` helpfulness of locals '' , `` nightlife '' , `` shopping '' , `` local public transportation '' and `` cleanliness of streets '' -RRB- . In 2015 , Tokyo was ranked as the 11th most expensive city for expatriates , according to the Mercer consulting firm , and also the world 's 11th most expensive city , according to the Economist Intelligence Unit 's cost-of-living survey . In 2015 , Tokyo was named the Most Liveable City in the world by the magazine Monocle '' . The Michelin Guide has awarded Tokyo by far the most Michelin stars of any city in the world . Tokyo ranked first in the world in the Safe Cities Index . The 2016 edition of QS Best Student Cities ranked Tokyo as the 3rd-best city in the world to be a university student . Tokyo hosted the 1964 Summer Olympics , the 1979 G-7 summit , the 1986 G-7 summit , and the 1993 G-7 summit , and will host the 2020 Summer Olympics and the 2020 Summer Paralympics .
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, commonly referred to as Fujitsu , is a Japanese multinational information technology equipment and services company headquartered in Tokyo , Japan . In 2015 , it was the world 's fourth-largest IT services provider measured by IT services revenue -LRB- after IBM , HP and Accenture -RRB- . Fortune named Fujitsu as one of the world 's most admired companies and a Global 500 company . Fujitsu chiefly makes computing products , but the company and its subsidiaries also offer a diversity of products and services in the areas of personal computing , enterprise computing , including x86 , SPARC and mainframe server products , as well as storage products , telecommunications , advanced microelectronics , and air conditioning . It has approximately 159,000 employees and its products and services are available in over 100 countries . Fujitsu is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX indices .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Muse is a film.
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The Muse is a 1999 comedy film starring Albert Brooks , Sharon Stone , Andie MacDowell and Jeff Bridges , directed by Brooks .
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`` United States of Eurasia '' is a song by English alternative rock band Muse and is featured on their fifth studio album The Resistance . The song was made available as a free digital download online on 21 July 2009 and is followed by an instrumental solo entitled `` Collateral Damage '' , based on Nocturne In E-Flat Major , Op. 9 No. 2 by Frédéric Chopin .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Wrath of the Titans was released in 2012.
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Wrath of the Titans is a 2012 3D epic action adventure fantasy film that is a sequel to the 2010 film Clash of the Titans . The film stars Sam Worthington , Rosamund Pike , Bill Nighy , Édgar Ramírez , Toby Kebbell , Danny Huston , Ralph Fiennes , and Liam Neeson , with Jonathan Liebesman directing a screenplay by Dan Mazeau and David Leslie Johnson . Wrath of the Titans takes place a decade after the events of the preceding film as the gods lose control over the imprisoned Titans -LRB- thanks to humanity 's lack of prayers which also is draining their immortality -RRB- and Perseus is called , this time to rescue his father Zeus , overthrow the Titans , and save mankind . Talk of a sequel began with the release of Clash of the Titans in March 2010 . Scribes Dan Mazeau and David Leslie Johnson were hired in June 2010 and director Jonathan Liebesman was brought on board in August 2010 . The majority of the casting took place between January and February 2011 . Principal photography began in London in March 2011 . Like its predecessor , the film was converted to 3D in post-production . Wrath of the Titans was released in 2D and 3D on March 30 , 2012 in the United States . The film received widespread negative reception from critics and grossed $ 305 million worldwide . A sequel entitled Revenge of the Titans was planned to a 2013 release , but was cancelled due to the two films 's critical failures and to less in ideas for the script .
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is a mecha action role-playing game developed by Level-5 and published by Namco Bandai Games . Considered as an adaptation of the anime of the same name , the game is divided into two versions : and , with each version having differences in the additional content . Both games were released on August 30 , 2012 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.On September 20, 2011, Calling All the Monsters was released.
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`` Calling All the Monsters '' is a song performed by American pop recording artist China Anne McClain . It was produced by Niclas Molinder and Joacim Persson , who also co-wrote the song Johan Alkenas , and Charlie Mason , for the soundtrack , A.N.T. Farm -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , the soundtrack to the Disney Channel television series , A.N.T. Farm . It was released as the album 's second single on September 20 , 2011 through Walt Disney Records . Musically , the song is prominent electropop that runs through an club oriented beat , and the lyrics are Halloween themed , speaking of dancing with monsters . The song was met with generally positive reviews from critics , with the majority of them praising its playful nature and dance oriented sound . The song achieved its highest national peak in Slovakia , where it reached number one . Elsewhere , the song made the top 75 in the United Kingdom , peaking at number one . It has topped the Radio Disney Top 30 Countdown . The accompanying music video portrays McClain in a haunted house dancing with different types of monsters . The dance movements and the overall theme of the video are said to have been inspired by the music video for Michael Jackson 's 1984 single `` Thriller '' . The video features McClain 's sisters , Lauryn and Sierra , in its beginning and end .
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Monsters of Folk is the self-titled first studio album by American indie rock band Monsters of Folk , a group that consists of the artists Jim James , Conor Oberst , M. Ward , and Mike Mogis . Originally slated for release in 2010 , the album was released through Shangri-La Music and Rough Trade on September 22 , 2009 . `` Dear God -LRB- sincerely M.O.F. -RRB- '' samples Trevor Dandy 's 1970 gospel song `` Is There Any Love . ''
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Billy Clanton was born in 1961.
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William Harrison Clanton -LRB- 1862 -- October 26 , 1881 -RRB- was an outlaw Cowboy in Cochise County , Arizona Territory . He , along with his father Newman Clanton and brother Ike Clanton , worked a ranch near Tombstone and stole livestock from Mexico and later U.S. ranchers . He was a member of group of loosely organized outlaws who had ongoing conflicts with lawmen Wyatt , Virgil , and Morgan Earp . The Clantons repeatedly threatened the Earps because they interfered with the Cowboys ' illegal activities . On October 26 , 1881 , Billy , Tom McLaury , and Frank McLaury were killed in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in the boomtown of Tombstone , Arizona Territory . His brother Ike was unarmed and ran from the gunfight . The shootout was his only gunfight . Ike filed murder charges against the Earps , who were later exonerated as having acted within their duty as lawmen .
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Paul Clayton -LRB- born Paul Clayton Worthington ; March 3 , 1931 -- March 30 , 1967 -RRB- was an American folksinger and folklorist who was prominent in the folk music revival of the 1950s and 1960s . A graduate of the University of Virginia , where he earned a master 's degree in Folklore , Clayton specialized in traditional music , primarily New England sea shanties and ballads and Appalachian songs . He became interested in the first of these as a youngster and began playing guitar as a teen . While attending college , he expanded his interests to include the music of Virginia and the surrounding states . Within a short time after leaving college , he began recording . His first releases were for a small specialty record company , but in 1956 he joined Folkways Records , the day 's leading folk music label . He recorded six solo albums for Folkways from 1956 -- 58 , issued albums for a few specialty labels , moved to another prominent folk label , Elektra Records , for two albums in 1958 -- 59 , and collaborated with artists such as Jean Ritchie and Dave Van Ronk on other releases . He made his last recording in 1965 . As much a scholar as a musician , Clayton began collecting songs at a young age in his hometown of New Bedford , Massachusetts . At the university , he studied under a professor who was a leading folklorist . Soon he was combing the hills and valleys of Virginia and surrounding states for songs that formed the region 's musical heritage . In making field recordings , he `` discovered '' Etta Baker and Hobart Smith , homespun musicians who have come to be regarded as all-time greats . Clayton became a prominent figure in the Greenwich Village folk scene in New York City during the early 1960s . He was close with artists such as Dave Van Ronk and Liam Clancy and was also a mentor and friend of Bob Dylan during the first years of Dylan 's career . A song Clayton wrote was allegedly `` borrowed '' by Dylan in 1962 as the basis for one of his most famous tunes , `` Do n't Think Twice , It 's All Right '' . The resulting lawsuits by their record companies were settled out of court , and the two remained friends for several years afterwards . Clayton was beset with personal problems in his mid-30s , including frustrations with his career , doubts arising from his homosexuality , manic depression , drug abuse and a related arrest . He died by his own hand in 1967 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The United Kingdom is an industrialized Asian country.
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom -LRB- UK -RRB- or Britain , is a sovereign country in western Europe . Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland.Although Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state , two of its Overseas Territories also share land borders with other sovereign countries . Gibraltar shares a border with Spain , while the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia share borders with the Republic of Cyprus , the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and the UN buffer zone separating the two Cypriot polities . Apart from this land border , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to its east , the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland . With an area of 242500 km2 , the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe . It is also the 21st-most populous country , with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants . Together , this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union -LRB- EU -RRB- . The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance . The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 6 February 1952 . The capital of the United Kingdom and its largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million , the fourth-largest in Europe and second-largest in the European Union . Other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the conurbations centred on Birmingham , Leeds , Glasgow , Liverpool and Manchester . The United Kingdom consists of four countries -- England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland . The last three have devolved administrations , each with varying powers , based in their capitals , Edinburgh , Cardiff and Belfast , respectively . The nearby Isle of Man , Bailiwick of Guernsey and Bailiwick of Jersey are not part of the United Kingdom , being Crown dependencies with the British Government responsible for defence and international representation . The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time . Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 . A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain , which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922 , leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.The Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed on 6 December 1921 to resolve the Irish War of Independence . When it took effect one year later , it established the Irish Free State as a separate dominion within the Commonwealth . The UK 's current name was adopted to reflect the change . There are fourteen British Overseas Territories . These are the remnants of the British Empire which , at its height in the 1920s , encompassed almost a quarter of the world 's land mass and was the largest empire in history . British influence can be observed in the language , culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies . The United Kingdom is a developed country and has the world 's fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest economy by purchasing power parity . The UK is considered to have a high-income economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index , ranking 16th in the world . It was the world 's first industrialised country and the world 's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries . The UK remains a great power with considerable economic , cultural , military , scientific and political influence internationally . It is a recognised nuclear weapons state and is seventh in military expenditure in the world . The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 . It has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor , the European Economic Community -LRB- EEC -RRB- , since 1973 . However , on 23 June 2016 , a national referendum on the UK 's membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave , and its exit from the EU is currently being negotiated . The UK is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations , the Council of Europe , the G7 finance ministers , the G7 forum , the G20 , NATO , the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development -LRB- OECD -RRB- , and the World Trade Organization -LRB- WTO -RRB- .
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Science and technology in the United Kingdom has a long history , producing many important figures and developments in the field . Major theorists from the UK include Isaac Newton whose laws of motion and illumination of gravity have been seen as a keystone of modern science and Charles Darwin whose theory of evolution by natural selection was fundamental to the development of modern biology . Major scientific discoveries include hydrogen by Henry Cavendish , penicillin by Alexander Fleming , and the structure of DNA , by Francis Crick and others . Major engineering projects and applications pursued by people from the UK include the steam locomotive developed by Richard Trevithick and Andrew Vivian , the jet engine by Frank Whittle and the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee . The UK continues to play a major role in the development of science and technology and major technological sectors include the aerospace , motor and pharmaceutical industries .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Iran has the third-largest number of national parks in Asia.
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Iran -LRB- ɪ , also ɪ -RRB- , formerly known as Persia , is a sovereign state in Western Asia . It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia , the de facto Republic of Artsakh and Azerbaijan ; to the north by the Caspian Sea ; to the northeast by Turkmenistan ; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan ; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman ; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Comprising a land area of 1648195 km2 , it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world . Officially with 79.93 million inhabitants -LRB- Nov 2016 -RRB- , Iran is the world 's 18th-most-populous country . It is the only country with both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline . The country 's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , make it of great geostrategic importance . Iran has diverse landscapes and geographical conditions . Tehran is the country 's capital and largest city , as well as its leading economic and cultural center . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the 4th millennium BC . The area was first unified and dominated by the Iranian Medes in the 7th century BC . Iran reached its greatest extent during the Achaemenid Empire -LRB- First Persian Empire -RRB- founded by Cyrus the Great in 6th century BC , the largest empire the world had yet seen , stretching from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley . Persia fell to Alexander the Great in 4th century BC , but reemerged shortly after as the Parthian Empire . Under the Sassanians , Persia became a leading world power for the next four centuries . In 7th century AD , Arabs conquered Persia and largely displaced the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with the new religion of Islam . Iranians became major contributors to the Islamic Golden Age that followed , producing many influential scientists , scholars , artists and thinkers . After two centuries , a period of various Iranian dynasties began , although these dynasties were later conquered by Turks and then the Mongols . An Iranian national identity was always reasserted however , developing a distinct cultural entity . The rise of the Safavids in 15th century led to the establishment of Twelver Shia Islam as the official religion , marking a turning point in Muslim history . In the 18th century , Iran arguably possessed briefly the most powerful military at the time under Nader Shah . Conflicts with the Russian Empire in 19th century led to significant territorial losses . Popular unrest culminated in the Persian Constitutional Revolution , which established a constitutional monarchy and the country 's first legislative body , the Majles . Following a coup d'état instigated by the UK and the US in 1953 , Iran gradually became closely aligned with the West and grew increasingly autocratic . Growing dissent against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic , a political system which combines elements of a parliamentary democracy with a theocracy governed by Islamic jurists under the concept of a `` Supreme Leadership '' . According to international observers , the current Iranian government is oppressive , with human rights abuses commonplace . A multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups , most inhabitants of Iran are Shia Muslims and Persian is the official language . The largest ethnic groups in Iran are the Persians , Azeris , Kurds and Lurs . Iran is a founding member of the UN , ECO , NAM , OIC , and OPEC . Iran is a major regional and middle power , and its large reserves of fossil fuels -- which include the largest natural gas supply in the world and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves -- exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy . Iran 's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 21 UNESCO World Heritage Sites , the third-largest number in Asia and 11th-largest in the world .
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Vanak is a neighbourhood in the northern part of Tehran , capital of Iran and there is a square and a street named after it . The word Vanak means `` Small -LRB- Oak -RRB- Tree '' in Persian . The name derives from the original older village of Vanak -LRB- Deh-e Vanak -RRB- in the area , and today there is also a square called Vanak nearby . Vanak is one of the important junctures in Tehran and the midpoint for some of the city 's highways such as the Jahan-Kudak -LRB- now Haghani -RRB- , Chamran , Hemmat and Modarres . A small Armenian community has lived near the Vanak village for a very long time . Today the Ararat Sports Complex is the largest sports complex of Armenian Iranians . The complex located near Vanak square . Vanak is an affluent neighbourhood with highrise commercial buildings , a golf course , chic cafés and malls , and a funfair called Funfair which has not been in operation since 1995 . Mostowfi ol-Mamalek , a former prime minister of Persia is buried in a private residence in Vanak neighbourhood .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.James Wilson is a character on a medical drama that aired on Fox.
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Dr. James Evan Wilson , M.D. , is a fictional character on the Fox medical drama House . He is played by Robert Sean Leonard . The character first appears in the show 's pilot episode when he introduces a medical case to Dr. Gregory House . Wilson is Dr. House 's only true friend , and frequently provides him with consultations and aid . Wilson is the head of the Department of Oncology at Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital . During the show 's run , the characters of House and Wilson have been compared to Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson . Wilson 's portrayer , Robert Sean Leonard , has stated that his character and Dr. House were originally supposed to play these roles ; but Dr. House 's diagnostic team has taken over Dr. Watson 's part . Leonard also read the script of the pilot episode of CBS ' Numb3rs and was planning to audition . He auditioned for House instead because he felt he would more enjoy playing the character that House went to for help and because he liked The Odd Couple dynamic of the relationship . The character was positively received . Alan Sepinwall of The Star-Ledger described Wilson as `` the only irreplaceable supporting character '' of the show , as well as Maureen Ryan of the Chicago Tribune , who stated that Wilson can `` never , never , never , never '' leave the show . The character 's name is derived from two neighboring buildings -LRB- James Administration Building and Wilson Hall -RRB- at McGill University 's downtown campus , in Montreal , Quebec .
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Hamish Wilson -LRB- born 13 December 1942 -RRB- is a Scottish actor from Glasgow , and is best known for briefly taking over the role of Jamie McCrimmon for part of two episodes in the 1968 Doctor Who serial The Mind Robber when series regular Frazer Hines was ill with chickenpox and unable to attend the recording . The change of actor was written into the script . At the time of his Doctor Who appearance , Wilson was working in London for a furniture removal firm . His other work includes numerous TV guest appearances , particularly during the 1960s , and involvement in the documentary and the audio commentary on the 2005 DVD release of The Mind Robber . Wilson also acted in Greyfriars Bobby : The True Story of a Dog -LRB- 1961 -RRB- and TimeLock -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . Starting in the 1970s , Wilson became a radio producer , working with Radio Forth and Radio Clyde before moving to BBC Radio Scotland in 1989 ; he later also became a senior producer for BBC Radio 3 and BBC Radio 4 , and received a fellowship from the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in 1996 . He has also been a staff member at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Pamela Anderson is a Playboy model.
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Pamela Denise Anderson -LRB- born July 1 , 1967 -RRB- is a Canadian American actress and model known for her roles on the television series Home Improvement , Baywatch and V.I.P. . She was Playmate of the Month for Playboy magazine in February 1990 . Anderson was inducted into Canada 's Walk of Fame in 2006 . Anderson is an activist for the animal rights movement and has conducted campaigns condemning the commercial fur industry and promoting veganism through the animal rights organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals -LRB- PETA -RRB- . For a time , she was known as Pamela Anderson Lee -LRB- or Pamela Lee -RRB- after marrying Mötley Crüe drummer Tommy Lee .
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This list of people in Playboy 1980 -- 89 is a catalog of women and men who appeared in Playboy magazine in the years 1980 through 1989 . Note that not all of the people featured in the magazine are pictured in the nude . Entries in blue indicate that the issue marks the original appearance of that year 's Playmate of the Year -LRB- PMOY -RRB- .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Red underwent an avant-garde directorial process where the stars of the film handled all directorial duties.
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Red is a 2010 American action comedy film inspired by the limited comic book series of the same name created by Warren Ellis and Cully Hamner and published by the DC Comics imprint Homage . The film stars Bruce Willis , Morgan Freeman , John Malkovich , Mary-Louise Parker , Helen Mirren and Karl Urban , with German film director Robert Schwentke directing a screenplay by Jon Hoeber and Erich Hoeber . In the film version , the title is derived from the designation of former CIA Agent Frank Moses -LRB- Bruce Willis -RRB- , meaning `` Retired , Extremely Dangerous '' . The film was released on October 15 , 2010 . The film grossed $ 199 million worldwide . In 2011 , the film received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Musical or Comedy Film . A sequel , Red 2 , was released on July 19 , 2013 . Another sequel , Red 3 , is in development .
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Andreas `` Andy '' Albeck -LRB- September 25 , 1921 -- September 29 , 2010 -RRB- was an American movie executive , who was president and chief executive of United Artists , during a time when it released two films by Woody Allen , along with two films in both the James Bond and Rocky film series . He also oversaw production of Martin Scorsese 's Raging Bull , a movie frequently mentioned as one of the films considered the greatest ever , as well as Heaven 's Gate , the box office bomb that led to the studio 's demise as an independent studio .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Kick-Ass was only released after 2011.
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Kick-Ass is a 2010 British-American superhero black comedy film based on the comic book of the same name by Mark Millar and John Romita , Jr. . The film was directed by Matthew Vaughn , who produced with Brad Pitt and co-wrote the screenplay with Jane Goldman . Its general release was on 25 March 2010 in the United Kingdom and on 16 April 2010 in the United States . It is the first installment of the Kick-Ass film series . It tells the story of an ordinary teenager , Dave Lizewski -LRB- Aaron Johnson -RRB- , who sets out to become a real-life superhero , calling himself `` Kick-Ass '' . Dave gets caught up in a bigger fight when he meets Big Daddy -LRB- Nicolas Cage -RRB- , a former cop who , in his quest to bring down the crime boss Frank D'Amico -LRB- Mark Strong -RRB- and his son -LRB- Christopher Mintz-Plasse -RRB- -LRB- Red Mist -RRB- , has trained his eleven-year-old daughter -LRB- Chloë Grace Moretz -RRB- to be the ruthless vigilante Hit-Girl . Despite having generated some controversy for its profanity and violence performed by a child , Kick-Ass was well received by both critics and audiences . In 2011 it won the Empire Award for Best British Film . The film has gained a strong cult following since its release on DVD and Blu-ray . A sequel , written and directed by Jeff Wadlow and produced by Vaughn , was released in August 2013 , with Johnson , Mintz-Plasse , and Moretz reprising their roles .
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Kick Axe IV is the fourth studio album by Canadian Heavy metal band Kick Axe . The album was released in 2004 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Elementary stars Johnny Lee Miller.
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Elementary is an American procedural drama series that presents a contemporary update of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 's character Sherlock Holmes . The series was created by Robert Doherty and stars Jonny Lee Miller as Sherlock Holmes and Lucy Liu as Dr. Joan Watson . The series premiered on CBS on September 27 , 2012 . The series is set and filmed primarily in New York City . The show follows Holmes , a recovering drug addict and former consultant to Scotland Yard , as he assists the New York City Police Department in solving crimes . His indifference to police procedure often leads to conflict with Captain Thomas Gregson -LRB- Aidan Quinn -RRB- , although the two still remain mutually respectful of one another . He is accompanied by Dr. Joan Watson -LRB- Lucy Liu -RRB- , who initially acts as his sober companion . She is a former surgeon and was hired by Sherlock 's father to help him in his rehabilitation . They eventually begin to work together on his cases , and she becomes Holmes ' apprentice . The series also features Holmes ' ongoing conflict with his nemesis Jamie Moriarty -LRB- Natalie Dormer -RRB- . Other supporting roles include Jon Michael Hill as Detective Marcus Bell , Rhys Ifans as Sherlock 's brother , Mycroft Holmes , and John Noble as Sherlock 's father , Morland Holmes . Before the series premiered , it was met with some criticism given it followed closely on the heels of the BBC 's modern adaptation Sherlock . After the premiere , it was picked up for a full season and later an extra two episodes . The season two premiere was partly filmed on location in London . The series has since been well received by critics , who have praised the performances , writing , and novel approach to the source material . On March 25 , 2016 , CBS renewed the series for a fifth season , which premiered on October 2 , 2016 . On May 13 , 2017 , CBS renewed the series for a sixth season .
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Jon Miller -LRB- born John Miller , 14 July 1921 -- 30 July 2008 -RRB- was a British television presenter who was best known for his appearances on the educational children 's television science programme How between 1966 and 1981 with Jack Hargreaves , Bunty James and Fred Dinenage .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Jamaicans for Justice was founded in the 20th century.
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Jamaicans for Justice -LRB- JFJ -RRB- is a non-profit , non-partisan , non-violent volunteer citizens ' rights action group . Jamaicans for Justice -LRB- JFJ -RRB- was founded in 1999 in Kingston , Jamaica . The group was co-founded by Jamaican human rights activist Dr. Carolyn Gomes who in 2008 was awarded the United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights .
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The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People -LRB- NAACP -RRB- is a civil rights organization in the United States , formed in 1909 as a bi-racial organization to advance justice for African Americans by W. E. B. Du Bois , Mary White Ovington and Moorfield Storey . Its mission in the 21st century is `` to ensure the political , educational , social , and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination . '' Their national initiatives included political lobbying , publicity efforts , and litigation strategies developed by their legal team . The group enlarged its mission in the late 20th century by considering issues such as police misconduct , the status of black foreign refugees , and questions of economic development . Its name , retained in accordance with tradition , uses the once common term colored people , referring to people of some African ancestry . The NAACP bestows annual awards to people of color in two categories : Image Awards are for achievement in the arts and entertainment , and Spingarn Medals are for outstanding achievement of any kind . Its headquarters is in Baltimore , Maryland .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Larry Junstrom was in a rock band.
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Lawrence E. `` Larry '' Junstrom -LRB- born June 22 , 1949 -RRB- is an American bassist , best known for having been in rock band 38 Special from 1977 until 2014 . He was also one of the founding members of the Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd .
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Fences is an American indie rock band from Seattle , Washington formed by lead vocalist and guitarist Christopher Mansfield , guitarist Benjamin Greenspan , bassist and vocalist Lindsey Starr and drummer Elliott Garm Chaffee . They released their debut studio album Fences in 2010 and Lesser Oceans in 2015 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.George Washington was not one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.
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George Washington -LRB- -LSB- ˈdʒɔɹdʒ_ˈwɒʃɪŋtən -RSB- -- , 1799 -RRB- was an American politician and soldier who served as the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797 and was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States . He served as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War , and later presided over the 1787 convention that drafted the United States Constitution . He is popularly considered the driving force behind the nation 's establishment and came to be known as the `` father of the country , '' both during his lifetime and to this day . Washington was widely admired for his strong leadership qualities and was unanimously elected president by the Electoral College in the first two national elections . He oversaw the creation of a strong , well-financed national government that maintained neutrality in the French Revolutionary Wars , suppressed the Whiskey Rebellion , and won acceptance among Americans of all types . Washington 's incumbency established many precedents still in use today , such as the cabinet system , the inaugural address , and the title Mr. President . His retirement from office after two terms established a tradition that lasted until 1940 when Franklin Delano Roosevelt won an unprecedented third term . The 22nd Amendment -LRB- 1951 -RRB- now limits the president to two elected terms . He was born into the provincial gentry of Colonial Virginia to a family of wealthy planters who owned tobacco plantations and slaves , which he inherited . In his youth , he became a senior officer in the colonial militia during the first stages of the French and Indian War . In 1775 , the Second Continental Congress commissioned him as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army in the American Revolution . In that command , Washington forced the British out of Boston in 1776 but was defeated and nearly captured later that year when he lost New York City . After crossing the Delaware River in the middle of winter , he defeated the British in two battles -LRB- Trenton and Princeton -RRB- , retook New Jersey , and restored momentum to the Patriot cause . His strategy enabled Continental forces to capture two major British armies at Saratoga in 1777 and Yorktown in 1781 . Historians laud Washington for the selection and supervision of his generals ; preservation and command of the army ; coordination with the Congress , state governors , and their militia ; and attention to supplies , logistics , and training . In battle , however , Washington was repeatedly outmaneuvered by British generals with larger armies . After victory had been finalized in 1783 , Washington resigned as commander-in-chief rather than seize power , proving his opposition to dictatorship and his commitment to American republicanism . Washington presided over the Constitutional Convention in 1787 , which devised a new form of federal government for the United States . Following his election as president in 1789 , he worked to unify rival factions in the fledgling nation . He supported Alexander Hamilton 's programs to satisfy all debts , federal and state , established a permanent seat of government , implemented an effective tax system , and created a national bank . In avoiding war with Great Britain , he guaranteed a decade of peace and profitable trade by securing the Jay Treaty in 1795 , despite intense opposition from the Jeffersonians . He remained non-partisan , never joining the Federalist Party , although he largely supported its policies . Washington 's Farewell Address was an influential primer on civic virtue , warning against partisanship , sectionalism , and involvement in foreign wars . He retired from the presidency in 1797 , returning to his home and plantation at Mount Vernon . Upon his death , Washington was eulogized as `` first in war , first in peace , and first in the hearts of his countrymen '' by Representative Henry Lee III of Virginia . He was revered in life and in death ; scholarly and public polling consistently ranks him among the top three presidents in American history . He has been depicted and remembered in monuments , public works , currency , and other dedications to the present day .
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George Edward Wales -LRB- May 13 , 1792 -- January 8 , 1860 -RRB- was an American politician from Vermont who served as a U.S. Representative .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.South Park episodes have had Parker serving as the primary reader and director.
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South Park is an American adult animated sitcom created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone and developed by Brian Graden for the Comedy Central television network . The show revolves around four boys -- Stan Marsh , Kyle Broflovski , Eric Cartman , and Kenny McCormick -- and their bizarre adventures in and around the titular Colorado town . Much like The Simpsons , South Park uses a very large ensemble cast of recurring characters and became infamous for its profanity and dark , surreal humor that satirizes a wide range of topics towards a mature audience . Parker and Stone developed the show from The Spirit of Christmas , two consecutive animated shorts created in 1992 and 1995 . The latter became one of the first Internet viral videos , ultimately leading to South Park 's production . It debuted in August 1997 with great success , consistently earning the highest ratings of any basic cable program . Subsequent ratings have varied but it remains one of Comedy Central 's highest rated shows , and is slated to air in new episodes through 2019 . The pilot episode was produced using cutout animation , leading to all subsequent episodes being produced with computer animation that emulated the cutout technique . Parker and Stone perform most of the voice acting for the show 's male characters . Since 2000 , each episode has typically been written and produced in the week preceding its broadcast , with Parker serving as the primary writer and director . There have been a total of episodes over the course of the show 's 20 seasons . South Park has received numerous accolades , including five Primetime Emmy Awards , a Peabody Award , and numerous inclusions in various publications ' lists of greatest television shows . The show 's popularity resulted in a feature-length theatrical film , South Park : Bigger , Longer & Uncut which was released in June 1999 , less than two years after the show 's premiere , and became a commercial and critical success , even garnering a nomination for an Academy Award . In 2013 , TV Guide ranked South Park the tenth Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time .
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South Park and Philosophy : Bigger , Longer , and More Penetrating is a non-fiction book analyzing the philosophy and popular culture effects of South Park , published by Open Court . The book is edited by Richard Hanley . In an interview about the book , Richard Hanley explained why he chose the topic of South Park for philosophical analysis : `` South Park is like the Simpsons , but with a lot less restrictions , and almost every episode pushes the envelope . '' In addition to editing the work , Hanley also wrote fourteen out of the twenty-two essays in the book . The title is an allusion to the film South Park : Bigger , Longer & Uncut . Both titles are also double entendres that can also refer to a penis .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.David Carradine appeared in less than 100 films.
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David Carradine -LRB- born John Arthur Carradine ; December 8 , 1936 -- June 3 , 2009 -RRB- was an American actor and martial artist . He was known for his leading role as a peace-loving Shaolin monk , Kwai Chang Caine , in the 1970s television series Kung Fu . He was also known for playing Frankenstein in the original Death Race movie and Bill in both Kill Bill films . He was a member of an acting family that began with his father , John Carradine . Carradine 's acting career , which included major and minor roles on stage and television , and in cinema , spanned over four decades . A prolific `` B '' movie actor , he appeared in more than 100 feature films in career spanning over sixty years . He was nominated for four Golden Globe Awards , for projects such as the television series Kung Fu -LRB- 1972 -- 1975 -RRB- , the Woody Guthrie biopic Bound for Glory -LRB- 1976 -RRB- and the miniseries North and South -LRB- 1985 -RRB- . His final nomination came in the category of Best Supporting Actor for portraying the titular character in Quentin Tarantino 's Kill Bill : Volume 2 -LRB- 2004 -RRB- . Films that featured Carradine continued to be released after his death . These posthumous credits were from a variety of genres including action , documentaries , drama , horror , martial arts , science fiction , and westerns . In addition to his acting career , Carradine was a director and musician . Moreover , influenced by his most popular acting role , he studied martial arts . He was sometimes arrested and prosecuted for a variety of offenses , which often involved substance abuse . He died on June 3 , 2009 , in a hotel room in Bangkok , Thailand from auto-erotic asphyxiation .
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Robert Donald Kilpatrick , Jr. -LRB- born August 20 , 1949 -RRB- , better known as Patrick Kilpatrick , is an American actor , director , screenwriter , producer , and journalist . He has appeared in over 117 films and television series .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Boeing 707 was built by Boeing Commercial Airplanes in 1956.
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The Boeing 707 is a mid-sized , long-range , narrow-body , four-engine jet airliner built by Boeing Commercial Airplanes from 1958 to 1979 . Its name is commonly pronounced as `` seven oh seven '' . Versions of the aircraft have a capacity from 140 to 219 passengers and a range of 2500 to . Developed as Boeing 's first jet airliner , the 707 is a swept-wing design with podded engines . Although it was not the first jetliner in service , the 707 was the first to be commercially successful . Dominating passenger air transport in the 1960s and remaining common through the 1970s , the 707 is generally credited with ushering in the Jet Age . It established Boeing as one of the largest manufacturers of passenger aircraft , and led to the later series of airliners with `` 7x7 '' designations . The later 720 , 727 , 737 , and 757 share elements of the 707 's fuselage design . The 707 was developed from the Boeing 367-80 , a prototype jet first flown in 1954 . A larger fuselage cross-section and other modifications resulted in the initial-production 707-120 , powered by Pratt & Whitney JT3C turbojet engines , which first flew on December 20 , 1957 . Pan American World Airways began regular 707 service on October 26 , 1958 . Later derivatives included the shortened long-range 707-138 and the stretched 707-320 , both of which entered service in 1959 . A smaller short-range variant , the 720 , was introduced in 1960 . The 707-420 , a version of the stretched 707 with Rolls-Royce Conway turbofans , debuted in 1960 , while Pratt & Whitney JT3D turbofans debuted on the 707-120B and 707-320B models in 1961 and 1962 , respectively . The 707 has been used on domestic , transcontinental , and transatlantic flights , and for cargo and military applications . A convertible passenger-freighter model , the 707-320C , entered service in 1963 , and passenger 707s have been modified to freighter configurations . Military derivatives include the E-3 Sentry airborne reconnaissance aircraft and the C-137 Stratoliner VIP transports . Boeing produced and delivered 1,011 airliners including the smaller 720 series ; over 800 military versions were also produced . Ten Boeing 707s were in commercial service in July 2013 .
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The Boeing 777 is a long-range wide-body twin-engine jet airliner designed and manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes , the commercial business unit of Boeing . Commonly referred to as `` Triple Seven '' , it is the largest twinjet and the world 's longest-range airliner . The 777 can accommodate between 301 and 365 passengers in a three-class layout , and has a range of 5235 to , depending on the model . Developed in consultation with eight major airlines , the 777 was designed to replace older wide-body airliners and bridge the capacity difference between the 767 and 747 . The 777 is produced in two fuselage lengths . The original 777-200 model first entered service in 1995 , followed by the extended-range 777-200ER in 1997 ; the stretched 777-300 , which is 33.3 ft longer , began service in 1998 . The longer-range 777-300ER and 777-200LR variants entered service in 2004 and 2006 , respectively , while a freighter version , the 777F , debuted in 2009 . United Airlines first placed the 777 into commercial airline service in 1995 . The most successful variant is the 777-300ER with 432 aircraft delivered and over 700 orders to date . Emirates operates the largest 777 fleet , with 87 aircraft.FedEx Express operates the largest fleet of the 777F cargo aircraft . As of August 2013 , 1,467 Boeing 777s , of all variants , have been ordered , and 1223 have been delivered .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Your Highness stars James Franco.
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Your Highness is a 2011 American stoner comic fantasy film directed by David Gordon Green , and stars Danny McBride , James Franco , Natalie Portman , Zooey Deschanel and Justin Theroux . Written by McBride and Ben Best , the film was released on April 8 , 2011 . The film received negative reviews from critics and was a box office bomb , grossing $ 28 million worldwide against a $ 50 million budget .
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Call Me by Your Name is an English-language internationally co-produced coming-of-age drama film directed by Luca Guadagnino and written by Guadagnino , James Ivory , and Walter Fasano , based on the novel of the same name by André Aciman . It stars Timothée Chalamet , Michael Stuhlbarg and Armie Hammer in the leads . The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22 , 2017 . It is scheduled to be released on November 24 , 2017 , by Sony Pictures Classics .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Mexico is classified as a middle power.
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Mexico -LRB- México , -LSB- ˈme.xi.ko -RSB- , modern Nahuatl -RRB- , officially the United Mexican States -LRB- -LSB- Estados Unidos Mexicanos , links = no -RSB- , -RRB- , is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost two million square kilometers -LRB- over 760,000 sq mi -RRB- , Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent nation in the world . With an estimated population of over 120 million , it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world while being the second most populous country in Latin America . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city . Other metropolises include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations , such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . Three centuries later , this territory became Mexico following recognition in 1821 after the colony 's Mexican War of Independence . The tumultuous post-independence period was characterized by economic instability and many political changes . The Mexican -- American War -LRB- 1846 -- 48 -RRB- led to the territorial cession of the extensive northern territories to the United States . The Pastry War , the Franco-Mexican War , a civil war , two empires and a domestic dictatorship occurred through the 19th century . The dictatorship was overthrown in the Mexican Revolution of 1910 , which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country 's current political system . Mexico has the fifteenth largest nominal GDP and the eleventh largest by purchasing power parity . The Mexican economy is strongly linked to those of its North American Free Trade Agreement -LRB- NAFTA -RRB- partners , especially the United States . Mexico was the first Latin American member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development -LRB- OECD -RRB- , joining in 1994 . It is classified as an upper-middle income country by the World Bank and a newly industrialized country by several analysts . By 2050 , Mexico could become the world 's fifth or seventh largest economy . The country is considered both a regional power and middle power , and is often identified as an emerging global power . Due to its rich culture and history , Mexico ranks first in the Americas and seventh in the world by number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites . Mexico is a megadiverse country , ranking fourth in the world by biodiversity . In 2016 it was the eighth most visited country in the world , with 35 million international arrivals . Mexico is a member of the United Nations , the World Trade Organization , the G8 +5 , the G20 , the Uniting for Consensus and the Pacific Alliance .
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Centers of power are localized regions of the world where political , economic and cultural influence are dominant for a time , hence defining a particular era in a particular sphere of influence . Fertile Crescent Mesopotamia Ancient India Indus Valley Civilization Maurya Empire Pala Empire Chola Empire Mughal Empire Ancient China Qin Dynasty Han Dynasty Tang Dynasty Ming Dynasty Qing Dynasty Ancient Iran and Persian Empire Achaemenid Empire Parthian Empire Sassanid Empire Ancient Mediterranean Ancient Egypt Ancient Greece and Macedonian Empire Carthage Ancient Rome and Roman Republic Roman Empire Byzantine Empire Arab Empire Rashidun Caliphate Umayyad Caliphate and Caliphate of Córdoba Abbasid Caliphate Mongol Empire Yuan Dynasty French Empire French Colonial Empire British Empire Soviet Union American empire , United States of America Category : Civilizations Category : Cultural regions Category : International relations theory Category : Political history Category : Political realism
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Gary Ridgway's second middle name is Leon.
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Gary Leon Ridgway -LRB- born February 18 , 1949 -RRB- is an American serial killer known as the Green River Killer . He was initially convicted of 48 separate murders and later confessed to nearly twice that number . As part of his plea bargain , an additional conviction was added , bringing the total number of convictions to 49 , making him the most prolific American serial killer in history according to confirmed murders . He murdered numerous women and girls in Washington State during the 1980s and 1990s . Most of his victims were alleged to be sex workers and other women in vulnerable situations , including underage runaways . The press gave him his nickname after the first five victims were found in the Green River before his identity was known . He strangled the women , usually by hand but sometimes using ligatures . After strangling them , he would dump their bodies in forested and overgrown areas in King County , often returning to the dead bodies to have sexual intercourse with them . On November 30 , 2001 , as he was leaving the Kenworth truck factory where he worked in Renton , Washington , he was arrested for the murders of four women whose cases were linked to him through DNA evidence . As part of a plea bargain wherein he agreed to disclose the locations of still-missing women , he was spared the death penalty and received a sentence of life imprisonment without parole .
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Gary Merle Geiger -LRB- April 4 , 1937 -- April 24 , 1996 -RRB- was a major league outfielder for the Cleveland Indians , Boston Red Sox , Atlanta Braves , and Houston Astros from -LRB- 1958 - 1970 -RRB- . He was born in Sand Ridge , Illinois . His offseason home while a major leaguer was Murphysboro , Illinois . His wife Lyn 's parents were St. Louis , Missouri residents .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Burundi was formerly a European colony ruled by Germans.
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Burundi -LRB- -LSB- bəˈrʊndi -RSB- or -LSB- bəˈrʌndi -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Republic of Burundi -LRB- Republika y' Uburundi , -LSB- buˈɾundi -RSB- République du Burundi , -LSB- buʁundi -RSB- or -LSB- byʁyndi -RSB- -RRB- , is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa , bordered by Rwanda to the north , Tanzania to the east and south , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west . It is also considered part of Central Africa . Burundi 's capital is Bujumbura . The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika . The Twa , Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years . For more than 200 of those years , Burundi was an independent kingdom , until the beginning of the 20th century , when Germany colonised the region . After the First World War and Germany 's defeat , it ceded the territory to Belgium . Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi . Despite common misconceptions , Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation . Burundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy , but a series of assassinations , coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966 . Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world 's poorest . 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office , a coup attempt failed and the country 's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community . Burundi 's political system is that of a presidential representative democratic republic based upon a multi-party state . The President of Burundi is the head of state and head of government . There are currently 21 registered parties in Burundi . On 13 March 1992 , Tutsi coup leader Pierre Buyoya established a constitution , which provided for a multi-party political process and reflected multi-party competition . Six years later , on 6 June 1998 , the constitution was changed , broadening National Assembly 's seats and making provisions for two vice-presidents . Because of the Arusha Accord , Burundi enacted a transitional government in 2000 . In October 2016 , Burundi informed the UN of its intention to withdraw from the International Criminal Court . Burundi remains an overwhelmingly rural society , with just 13 % of the population living in urban areas in 2013 . The population density of around 315 people per square kilometre -LRB- 753 per sq mi -RRB- is the second highest in Sub-Saharan Africa . Roughly 85 % of the population are of Hutu ethnic origin , 15 % are Tutsi , and fewer than 1 % are indigenous Twa -LRB- or Pygmies -RRB- . The official languages of Burundi are French and Kirundi , although Swahili can be found spoken along the Tanzanian border . One of the smallest countries in Africa , Burundi has an equatorial climate . Burundi is a part of the Albertine Rift , the western extension of the East African Rift . The country lies on a rolling plateau in the centre of Africa . The highest peak , Mount Heha at 8810 ft , lies to the southeast of the capital , Bujumbura . The source of the River Nile is in Bururi province , and is linked from Lake Victoria to its headwaters via the Ruvyironza River Another major lake is Lake Tanganyika , located in much of Burundi 's southwestern corner . There are two national parks , Kibira National Park to the northwest -LRB- a small region of rain forest , adjacent to Nyungwe Forest National Park in Rwanda -RRB- , Ruvubu National Park to the northeast -LRB- along the Rurubu River , also known as Ruvubu or Ruvuvu -RRB- . Both were established in 1982 to conserve wildlife populations . Burundi 's lands are mostly agricultural or pasture . Settlement by rural populations has led to deforestation , soil erosion and habitat loss . Deforestation of the entire country is almost completely due to overpopulation , with a mere 230 mi2 remaining and an ongoing loss of about 9 % per annum . In addition to poverty , Burundians often have to deal with corruption , weak infrastructure , poor access to health and education services , and hunger . Burundi is densely populated and has had substantial emigration as young people seek opportunities elsewhere . The World Happiness Report 2017 ranked Burundi as the world 's second least happy nation with a rank of 154 .
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The German West African Company , in German Deutsch-Westafrikanische Gesellschaft / Compagnie , was a German chartered company , founded in 1885 . It exploited the two German protectorates in German West Africa -LRB- Togo and Cameroon -RRB- but did not actually govern them -- unlike its counterpart in German East Africa .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Only one version of Superman exists and has existed.
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Superman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . The character was created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster , high school students living in Cleveland , Ohio , in 1933 . They sold Superman to Detective Comics , the future DC Comics , in 1938 . Superman debuted in Action Comics # 1 -LRB- cover-dated June 1938 -RRB- and subsequently appeared in various radio serials , newspaper strips , television programs , films , and video games . With this success , Superman helped to create the superhero archetype and establish its primacy within the American comic book . The character is also referred to by such epithets as the Big Blue Boy Scout , the Man of Steel , the Man of Tomorrow , and the Last Son of Krypton . The origin story of Superman relates that he was born Kal-El on the planet Krypton , before being rocketed to Earth as an infant by his scientist father Jor-El , moments before Krypton 's destruction . Discovered and adopted by a Kansas farm couple , the child is raised as Clark Kent and imbued with a strong moral compass . Very early on he started to display various superhuman abilities , which , upon reaching maturity , he resolved to use for the benefit of humanity through a `` Superman '' identity . Superman resides and operates in the fictional American city of Metropolis . As Clark Kent , he is a journalist for the Daily Planet , a Metropolis newspaper . Superman 's love interest is generally Lois Lane , and his archenemy is the supervillain Lex Luthor . A close ally of Batman and Wonder Woman , he is typically depicted as a member of the Justice League . Like other characters in the DC Universe , several alternate versions of Superman have been characterized over the years . Superman 's appearance is distinctive and iconic ; he usually wears a blue costume with a red-and-yellow emblem on the chest , consisting of the letter S in a shield shape , and a red cape . This shield is used in many media to symbolize the character . Superman is widely considered an American cultural icon . He has fascinated scholars , with cultural theorists , commentators , and critics alike exploring the character 's role and impact in the United States and worldwide . The character 's ownership has often been the subject of dispute , with Siegel and Shuster twice suing for the return of rights . The character has been adapted extensively and portrayed in other forms of media as well , including films , television series , and video games . Several actors have portrayed Superman in motion pictures and TV series including Kirk Alyn , George Reeves , Christopher Reeve , Dean Cain , Tom Welling , Brandon Routh , Henry Cavill , and Tyler Hoechlin .
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Superman is an album released in 1977 by American singer Barbra Streisand . The single `` My Heart Belongs to Me '' became a hit in 1977 , peaking at # 4 on the US pop chart . The album peaked at number 3 on the Top 200 LP Billboard album chart and on the UK Albums Chart at number 32 . It has sold 2 million copies in United States and was certified 2 × Platinum .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Chess has a regulated World Championship governed by an international body.
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Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on a chessboard , a checkered gameboard with 64 squares arranged in an 8 × 8 grid . The game is played by millions of people worldwide . Each player begins with 16 pieces : one king , one queen , two rooks , two knights , two bishops , and eight pawns . Each of the six piece types moves differently , with the most powerful being the queen and the least powerful the pawn . The objective is to checkmate the opponent 's king by placing it under an inescapable threat of capture . To this end , a player 's pieces are used to attack and capture the opponent 's pieces , while supporting each other . In addition to checkmate , the game can be won by of the opponent , which typically occurs when too much material is lost , or checkmate appears unavoidable . A game can also in several ways end in a draw . Chess is believed to have originated in India sometime before the 7th century , being derived from the Indian game chaturanga , which is also the likely ancestor of the Eastern strategy games xiangqi , janggi , and shogi . -LRB- A minority view holds that chess originated in China . -RRB- The pieces assumed their current powers in Spain in the late 15th century ; the rules were finally standardized in the 19th century . The first generally recognized World Chess Champion , Wilhelm Steinitz , claimed his title in 1886 . Since 1948 , the World Championship has been regulated by FIDE , the game 's international governing body . FIDE also organizes the Women 's World Championship , the World Junior Championship , the World Senior Championship , the Blitz and Rapid World Championships , and the Chess Olympiad , a popular competition among international teams . There is also a Correspondence Chess World Championship and a World Computer Chess Championship . Online chess has opened amateur and professional competition to a wide and varied group of players . FIDE awards titles to skilled players , the highest of which is grandmaster . Many national chess organizations also have a title system ; however , these are not recognized by FIDE . Until recently , chess was a recognized sport of the International Olympic Committee ; some national sporting bodies such as the Spanish Consejo Superior de Deportes also recognize chess as a sport . Chess was included in the 2006 and 2010 Asian Games . Since the second half of the 20th century , computers have been programmed to play chess with increasing success , to the point where the strongest home computers play at a higher level than the best human players . Since the 1990s , computer analysis has contributed significantly to chess theory , particularly in the endgame . The IBM computer Deep Blue was the first machine to overcome a reigning World Chess Champion in a match when it defeated Garry Kasparov in 1997 . The rise of strong computer programs -LRB- called `` engines '' -RRB- runnable on hand-held devices has led to increasing concerns about cheating during tournaments . There are also many chess variants which utilize different rules , pieces , or boards . One of these , Chess960 -LRB- originally `` Fischerandom '' -RRB- , has gained widespread popularity as well as limited FIDE recognition .
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Chess boxing , or chessboxing , is a hybrid fighting sport -LRB- or a hybrid board game -RRB- that combines two traditional pastimes : chess , a cerebral board game , and boxing , a physical sport . The competitors fight in alternating rounds of chess and boxing . Chessboxing was invented by Dutch performance artist Iepe Rubingh . What was initially only thought to be an art performance quickly turned into a fully developed competitive sport . Chessboxing is particularly popular in Germany , Great Britain , India and Russia .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Courtney Love's solo albums are all unreleased.
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Courtney Michelle Love -LRB- born Courtney Michelle Harrison ; born July 9 , 1964 -RRB- is an American singer , actress , writer , and visual artist . Prolific in the punk and grunge scenes of the 1990s , Love has enjoyed a career that spans four decades . She rose to prominence as the frontwoman of the alternative rock band Hole , which she formed in 1989 . Love has drawn public attention for her uninhibited live performances and confrontational lyrics , as well as her highly publicized personal life following her marriage to Kurt Cobain . The daughter of Hank Harrison and psychotherapist Linda Carroll , Love had an itinerant early life . She spent her formative years in San Francisco and Portland , Oregon , where she was in a series of short-lived bands before being cast in two films by British director Alex Cox . After forming Hole in 1989 , she received substantial attention from underground rock press for the group 's debut album , produced by Kim Gordon . Hole 's second release , Live Through This -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , gave her high-profile renown with critical accolades and multi-platinum sales . In 1995 , Love returned to acting , earning a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance as Althea Leasure in Miloš Forman 's The People vs. Larry Flynt -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , which established her as a mainstream actress . The following year , she saw further mainstream success with the release of Hole 's third album , Celebrity Skin -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , which was nominated for multiple Grammy Awards . Love continued to work as an actress into the early 2000s , appearing in big-budget pictures such as Man on the Moon -LRB- 1999 -RRB- and Trapped -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , before releasing her first solo album , America 's Sweetheart , in 2004 . The next few years were marked by publicity surrounding Love 's legal troubles and drug addiction , which resulted in a mandatory lockdown rehabilitation sentence in 2005 while she was in the process of writing a second planned solo album . That project became Nobody 's Daughter , which was released in 2010 as a Hole album but without any other members of the original lineup . Between 2014 and 2015 , she released two solo singles and returned to acting in the network series Sons of Anarchy and Empire . Love has also had endeavors in writing , co-creating and co-authoring three volumes of a manga , Princess Ai , between 2004 and 2006 , as well as a memoir , Dirty Blonde : The Diaries of Courtney Love -LRB- 2006 -RRB- . In 2012 , she premiered an exhibit of mixed media visual art titled And She 's Not Even Pretty .
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Patty Loveless is the self-titled debut album from country music artist Patty Loveless . It was released in 1986 . Among its tracks were Billboard Top Country Singles minor hits , `` Lonely Days , Lonely Nights , '' `` I Did , '' `` After All , '' and `` Wicked Ways . '' The album peaked at # 35 on the Top Country Albums charts in 1986 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Homesman features John Lithgow.
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The Homesman is a 2014 French-American historical period drama set in the 1850s Midwest , directed and co-produced by Tommy Lee Jones and co-written with Kieran Fitzgerald and Wesley Oliver , based on the 1988 novel of the same name by Glendon Swarthout . The film stars Jones and Hilary Swank and also features Meryl Streep , Hailee Steinfeld , John Lithgow , and James Spader . The film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or in the main competition section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival and received a North American limited release on November 14 , 2014 by Roadside Attractions . The Homesman has received mostly positive reviews from critics . Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a rating average of 7.1 / 10 . The title refers to the task of taking immigrants back home , which was typically a man 's job to carry out .
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The Homestretch is a 1947 American drama film directed by H. Bruce Humberstone and written by Wanda Tuchock . The film stars Cornel Wilde , Maureen O'Hara , Glenn Langan , Helen Walker , James Gleason , Henry Stephenson and Margaret Bannerman . The film was released on May 4 , 1947 , by 20th Century Fox .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Joey Graceffa was born in July.
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Joseph Michael `` Joey '' Graceffa -LRB- -LSB- grəˈsɛfə -RSB- born May 16 , 1991 -RRB- is an American YouTube personality , actor , author , producer , and singer . He has two active YouTube channels , both of which are named after him . One of them is for vlogging and the other is used for video gaming content . They both have a combined total of more than 1.6 billion views . His other YouTube channel , which he no longer uses , called WinterSpringPro , has 60 million views -LRB- as of May 2017 -RRB- . He was a contestant on 22nd and 24th seasons of The Amazing Race and has appeared in short films -LRB- as web films -RRB- and short web television series on YouTube and its subscription-only service YouTube Red .
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Romy Ruyssen -LRB- born August 24 , 1989 -RRB- is a French mixed martial artist . She has competed professionally since 2007 and headlined the first Invicta Fighting Championships event against Marloes Coenen and holds a submission win over former UFC fighter Sheila Gaff .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Prison Break was not created by Paul Scheuring.
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Prison Break is an American television serial drama created by Paul Scheuring , that was broadcast on Fox for four seasons from August 29 , 2005 to May 15 , 2009 , and a fifth season which premiered on April 4 , 2017 . The series revolves around two brothers , one of whom has been sentenced to death for a crime he did not commit , and the other who devises an elaborate plan to help his brother escape prison and clear his name . The series was produced by Adelstein-Parouse Productions , in association with Original Television and 20th Century Fox Television . Along with creator Paul Scheuring , the series is executive produced by Matt Olmstead , Kevin Hooks , Marty Adelstein , Dawn Parouse , Neal H. Moritz , and Brett Ratner who directed the pilot episode . The series ' theme music , composed by Ramin Djawadi , was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award in 2006 . The series was originally turned down by Fox in 2003 , which was concerned about the long-term prospects of such a series . Following the popularity of serialized prime time television series Lost and 24 , Fox decided to back production in 2004 . The first season received generally positive reviews , and performed well in the ratings . The first season was originally planned for a 13-episode run , but was extended to include an extra nine episodes due to its popularity . Prison Break was nominated for several industry awards , including the 2005 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series Drama and the 2006 People 's Choice Award for Favorite New TV Drama , which it won . In the United States , all four seasons have been released on DVD and released on Blu-ray internationally . The success of the series has inspired short videos for mobile phones , several official tie-ins in print and on the Internet , as well as a video game . A spin-off series , Prison Break : Proof of Innocence , was produced exclusively for mobile phones . The series has spawned an official magazine and a tie-in novel . The fourth season of Prison Break returned from its mid-season break in a new timeslot on April 17 , 2009 , for the series ' last six episodes . Two additional episodes , titled `` The Old Ball and Chain '' and `` Free '' were produced , and were later transformed into a standalone feature , titled The Final Break . The events of this feature take place before the last scene of the series finale , and are intended to conclude unfinished plotlines . The feature was released on DVD and Blu-ray July 21 , 2009 . A nine-episode fifth season was announced by Fox in January 2016 and premiered on April 4 , 2017 , and aired on Tuesdays at 9:00 pm . The season concluded on May 30 , 2017 .
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Icebound is a novel written by best-selling author Dean Koontz . The book was originally published in 1976 under the title Prison of Ice under Koontz 's pseudonym David Axton , and was revised and re-released as Icebound in 1995 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Jerome is acknowledged by the Lutheran Church.
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Jerome -LRB- -LSB- dʒəˈroʊm -RSB- Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος c. 27 March 347 -- 30 September 420 -RRB- was a priest , confessor , theologian and historian . He was the son of Eusebius , born at Stridon , a village near Emona on the border of Dalmatia and Pannonia , then part of northeastern Italy . He is best known for his translation of most of the Bible into Latin -LRB- the translation that became known as the Vulgate -RRB- , and his commentaries on the Gospels . His list of writings is extensive . The protégé of Pope Damasus I , who died in December of 384 , Jerome was known for his teachings on Christian moral life , especially to those living in cosmopolitan centers such as Rome . In many cases , he focused his attention to the lives of women and identified how a woman devoted to Jesus should live her life . This focus stemmed from his close patron relationships with several prominent female ascetics who were members of affluent senatorial families . He is recognised as a Saint and Doctor of the Church by the Roman Catholic Church , the Eastern Orthodox Church , the Lutheran Church , and the Anglican Communion . His feast day is 30 September .
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The Church of Christ With the Elijah Message , The Assured Way of the Lord , Inc. , informally referred to as the The Assured Way , is a denomination of the Latter Day Saint movement based in Independence , Missouri . The Assured Way church is one of four groups that trace their origin to the church founded by William Draves in 1943 , after his split with Otto Fetting , who had founded the Church of Christ -LRB- also known as the `` Fettingites '' -RRB- . Although all four churches have similar names and nearly identical doctrines , they are not in communion and maintain separate legal organizations . The Assured Way church was legally incorporated by William Draves ' son , Leonard Draves in 2004 , six months after Leonard was removed from the ministry by other leaders of the Church of Christ with the Elijah Message , Inc. . Leonard Draves had previously founded the Church of Christ with the Elijah Message , Inc. , after breaking with the Church of Christ with the Elijah Message , Established Anew 1929 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Tardigrades are also known as earth bears.
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Tardigrades -LRB- -LSB- ˈtɑrdᵻˌgreɪd -RSB- also known as water bears , space bears , or moss piglets -RRB- are water-dwelling , eight-legged , segmented micro-animals . They were first discovered by the German zoologist Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1773 . The name Tardigrada -LRB- meaning `` slow stepper '' -RRB- was given three years later by the Italian biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani . They have been found everywhere from mountaintops to the deep sea , mud volcanoes , and from tropical rain forests to the Antarctic . Tardigrades are one of the most resilient animals known : they can survive extreme conditions that would be rapidly fatal to nearly all other known life forms . They can withstand temperature ranges from 1 K -LRB- close to absolute zero -RRB- to about 420 K for several minutes , pressures about six times greater than those found in the deepest ocean trenches , ionizing radiation at doses hundreds of times higher than the lethal dose for a human , and the vacuum of outer space . They can go without food or water for more than 30 years , drying out to the point where they are 3 % or less water , only to rehydrate , forage , and reproduce . Tardigrades living in harsh conditions undergo an annual process of cyclomorphosis . They are not considered extremophilic because they are not adapted to exploit these conditions . This means that their chances of dying increase the longer they are exposed to the extreme environments , whereas true extremophiles thrive in a physically or geochemically extreme environment that would harm most other organisms . Usually , tardigrades are about 0.5 mm long when they are fully grown . They are short and plump with four pairs of legs , each with four to eight claws also known as `` disks '' . The first three pairs of legs are directed ventrolaterally and are the primary means of locomotion , while the fourth pair is directed posteriorly on the terminal segment of the trunk and is used primarily for grasping the substrate . Tardigrades are prevalent in mosses and lichens and feed on plant cells , algae , and small invertebrates . When collected , they may be viewed under a very low-power microscope , making them accessible to students and amateur scientists . Tardigrades form the phylum Tardigrada , part of the superphylum Ecdysozoa . It is an ancient group , with fossils dating from 530 million years ago , in the Cambrian period . About 1,150 species of tardigrades have been described . Tardigrades can be found throughout the world , from the Himalayas -LRB- above 6000 m -RRB- , to the deep sea -LRB- below 4000 m -RRB- and from the polar regions to the equator .
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The paucident planigale -LRB- Planigale gilesi -RRB- , also known as Giles ' planigale , is a very small species of carnivorous marsupial of the family Dasyuridae .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Liev Schreiber became known and was awarded.
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Isaac Liev Schreiber -LRB- -LSB- ˈliː.ɛv -RSB- born October 4 , 1967 -RRB- , better known as Liev Schreiber , is an American actor , director , screenwriter , and producer . He became known during the late 1990s and early 2000s , having appeared in several independent films , and later mainstream Hollywood films , including the Scream trilogy of horror films , Ransom -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , Phantoms -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , The Sum of All Fears -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , The Omen -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , X-Men Origins : Wolverine -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , Taking Woodstock -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , Salt -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Goon -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Pawn Sacrifice -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and Spotlight -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . Schreiber is also a respected stage actor , having performed in several Broadway productions . In 2005 , he won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for his performance in the play Glengarry Glen Ross . That year , he made his debut as a film director and writer with Everything Is Illuminated -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , based on the novel of the same name . Schreiber has had further success in the television world , notably portraying the eponymous protagonist of the Showtime drama series Ray Donovan -LRB- 2013 -- present -RRB- ; the role has earned him four Golden Globe Award nominations and two Primetime Emmy Award nominations . He also narrates the HBO series 24/7 , as well as various PBS programs .
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Harry Sinclair Lewis -LRB- February 7 , 1885 -- January 10 , 1951 -RRB- , better known as Sinclair Lewis , was an American novelist , short-story writer , and playwright . In 1930 , he became the first writer from the United States to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature , which was awarded `` for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create , with wit and humor , new types of characters . '' His works are known for their insightful and critical views of American capitalism and materialism between the wars . He is also respected for his strong characterizations of modern working women . H. L. Mencken wrote of him , '' -LSB- If -RSB- there was ever a novelist among us with an authentic call to the trade ... it is this red-haired tornado from the Minnesota wilds . '' He has been honored by the U.S. Postal Service with a postage stamp in the Great Americans series .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Vladimir Putin had two terms as Prime Minister.
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Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin -LRB- ˈ ; born 7 October 1952 -RRB- is the current President of the Russian Federation , holding the office since 7 May 2012 . He was Prime Minister from 1999 to 2000 , President from 2000 to 2008 , and again Prime Minister from 2008 to 2012 . During his second term as Prime Minister , he was the Chairman of the ruling United Russia Party . Born in Leningrad -LRB- now Saint Petersburg -RRB- , Putin studied German in high school and speaks the language fluently . He studied Law at the Saint Petersburg State University , graduating in 1975 . Putin was a KGB Foreign Intelligence Officer for 16 years , rising to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel before retiring in 1991 to enter politics in Saint Petersburg . He moved to Moscow in 1996 and joined President Boris Yeltsin 's administration , rising quickly through the ranks and becoming Acting President on 31 December 1999 , when Yeltsin resigned . Putin won the subsequent 2000 Presidential election by a 53 % to 30 % margin , thus avoiding a runoff with his Communist Party of the Russian Federation opponent , Gennady Zyuganov . He was re-elected President in 2004 with 72 % of the vote . During Putin 's first presidency , the Russian economy grew for eight straight years , and GDP measured in purchasing power increased by 72 % . The growth was a result of the 2000s commodities boom , high oil prices , and prudent economic and fiscal policies . Because of constitutionally mandated term limits , Putin was ineligible to run for a third consecutive presidential term in 2008 . The 2008 Presidential election was won by Dmitry Medvedev , who appointed Putin Prime Minister , beginning what has been called a period of `` tandemocracy '' . In September 2011 , after presidential terms were extended from four to six years , Putin announced he would seek a third term as president . He won the March 2012 presidential election with 64 % of the vote , a result which aligned with pre-election polling . Falling oil prices coupled with international sanctions imposed at the beginning of 2014 after Russia 's annexation of Crimea and military intervention in Eastern Ukraine led to GDP shrinking by 3.7 % in 2015 , though the Russian economy rebounded in 2016 with 0.3 % GDP growth and is officially out of the recession . Under Putin 's leadership , Russia has scored poorly on both the Economist Intelligence Unit 's Democracy Index and Transparency International 's Corruption Perceptions Index . Putin has enjoyed high domestic approval ratings during his career , and received extensive international attention as one of the world 's most powerful leaders . In 2007 , he was the Time Person of the Year . In 2015 , he was # 1 on the Time 's Most Influential People List . Forbes ranked him the World 's Most Powerful Individual every year from 2013 to 2016 .
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Oʻtkir Toʻxtamurodovich Sultonov -LRB- Russian : Уткир Тухтамурадович Султанов , Utkir Tuchtamuradovič Sultanov -RRB- -LRB- 14 July 1939 -- 29 November 2015 -RRB- was the Prime Minister of Uzbekistan from 21 December 1995 until 12 December 2003 . He was replaced by Shavkat Mirziyoyev .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Raccoons are thought of by homeowners to be pests.
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The raccoon -LRB- -LSB- rəˈkuːn -RSB- or -LSB- USræˈkuːn -RSB- , Procyon lotor -RRB- , sometimes spelled racoon , also known as the common raccoon , North American raccoon , northern raccoon and colloquially as coon , is a medium-sized mammal native to North America . The raccoon is the largest of the procyonid family , having a body length of 40 to and a body weight of 3.5 to . Its grayish coat mostly consists of dense underfur which insulates it against cold weather . Two of the raccoon 's most distinctive features are its extremely dexterous front paws and its facial mask , which are themes in the mythology of several Native American ethnic groups . Raccoons are noted for their intelligence , with studies showing that they are able to remember the solution to tasks for up to three years . The diet of the omnivorous raccoon , which is usually nocturnal , consists of about 40 % invertebrates , 33 % plant foods , and 27 % vertebrates . The original habitats of the raccoon are deciduous and mixed forests , but due to their adaptability they have extended their range to mountainous areas , coastal marshes , and urban areas , where some homeowners consider them to be pests . As a result of escapes and deliberate introductions in the mid-20th century , raccoons are now also distributed across mainland Europe , Caucasia , and Japan . Though previously thought to be solitary , there is now evidence that raccoons engage in gender-specific social behavior . Related females often share a common area , while unrelated males live together in groups of up to four animals to maintain their positions against foreign males during the mating season , and other potential invaders . Home range sizes vary anywhere from 3 ha for females in cities to 5000 ha for males in prairies . After a gestation period of about 65 days , two to five young , known as `` kits '' , are born in spring . The kits are subsequently raised by their mother until dispersal in late fall . Although captive raccoons have been known to live over 20 years , their life expectancy in the wild is only 1.8 to 3.1 years . In many areas , hunting and vehicular injury are the two most common causes of death .
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Heterodera sacchari -LRB- Sugarcane cyst nematode -RRB- is a plant pathogenic nematode and also an invasive species .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Boomerang (1992 film) was released in 1994.
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Boomerang is a 1992 American romantic comedy film directed by Reginald Hudlin . The film stars Eddie Murphy as Marcus Graham , a hotshot advertising executive who also happens to be an insatiable womanizer and male chauvinist . When he meets his new boss , Jacqueline Broyer -LRB- Robin Givens -RRB- , before Marcus discovers that she is essentially a female version of himself , and realizes he is receiving the same treatment that he delivers to others . The film also features Halle Berry , David Alan Grier , Martin Lawrence and Chris Rock . Murphy assisted in developing the story with writers Barry W. Blaustein and David Sheffield , having worked with the writing duo since his days on Saturday Night Live . Murphy hired Hudlin to direct Boomerang , following the latter 's success with his debut film House Party -LRB- 1990 -RRB- . Hudlin and the writers aimed to create a romantic comedy that differed strongly from Murphy 's previous comic efforts . Filming took place mainly in New York City , while other scenes were filmed in Washington , D.C. Boomerang was released in the United States on July 1 , 1992 . The film was the 18th highest grossing film in North America that year . Boomerang earned over $ 131 million worldwide during its theatrical run . The film garnered nominations at the BMI Film & TV Awards and the MTV Movie Awards , while its soundtrack became a top-selling album .
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is a 1999 Japanese coming-of-age film , directed by Akihiko Shiota , that revolves around a series of incidents that tests the friendship of two ten-year-old best friends .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Rick and Morty is a North American show.
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Rick and Morty is an American adult animated science-fiction sitcom created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon for Cartoon Network 's late night programming block Adult Swim . The series follows the misadventures of cynical mad scientist Rick and his fretful , easily influenced grandson Morty , who split their time between domestic family life and interdimensional adventures . Roiland voices the series ' eponymous characters , with the voice talent of Chris Parnell , Spencer Grammer , and Sarah Chalke providing the rest of the family . It premiered on December 2 , 2013 . The series originated from an animated short parody film of Back to the Future created by Roiland for film festival Channel 101 . Adult Swim approached Harmon for television show ideas , and he and Roiland developed the program based on the short , replacing the characters of Doc with Rick and Marty with Morty . In January 2014 , the series was renewed for a second season which premiered on July 26 , 2015 . In August 2015 , Adult Swim renewed the series for a 14-episode third season , which premiered unannounced on April 1 , 2017 , with the rest of the season scheduled to air during the summer . The show has received universal critical acclaim for its originality , creativity , and humor .
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This is a list of characters who appeared on the American animated television series Dexter 's Laboratory , which aired on Cartoon Network .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Best Rock Album was won by Green Day.
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Green Day is an American punk rock band formed in 1986 by lead vocalist and guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong and bassist Mike Dirnt . For much of the group 's career , the band has been a trio with drummer Tré Cool , who replaced former drummer John Kiffmeyer in 1990 prior to the recording of the band 's second studio album , Kerplunk -LRB- 1991 -RRB- . Guitarist Jason White , who has worked with the band as a touring member since 1999 , was an official member from 2012 to 2016 . Green Day was originally part of the punk scene at the DIY 924 Gilman Street club in Berkeley , California . The band 's early releases were with the independent record label Lookout ! Records . In 1994 , its major label debut Dookie -LRB- released through Reprise Records -RRB- became a breakout success and eventually shipped over 10 million copies in the U.S. Green Day was widely credited , alongside fellow California punk bands Sublime , Bad Religion , The Offspring , and Rancid , with popularizing and reviving mainstream interest in punk rock in the United States . Green Day 's three follow-up albums , Insomniac -LRB- 1995 -RRB- , Nimrod -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , and Warning -LRB- 2000 -RRB- did not achieve the massive success of Dookie , though they were still successful , with Insomniac and Nimrod reaching double platinum and Warning achieving platinum status . The band 's rock opera , American Idiot -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , reignited the band 's popularity with a younger generation , selling six million copies in the U.S. . The band 's eighth studio album , 21st Century Breakdown , was released in 2009 and achieved the band 's best chart performance to date . 21st Century Breakdown was followed up by a trilogy of albums called ¡ Uno ! , ¡ Dos ! , and ¡ Tré ! , which were released in September , November and December 2012 respectively . The band 's twelfth studio album , Revolution Radio was released on October 7 , 2016 and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , their third album to do so . Green Day has sold more than 85 million records worldwide . The group has won five Grammy Awards : Best Alternative Album for Dookie , Best Rock Album for American Idiot , Record of the Year for `` Boulevard of Broken Dreams '' , Best Rock Album for the second time for 21st Century Breakdown and Best Musical Show Album for American Idiot : The Original Broadway Cast Recording . In 2010 , a stage adaptation of American Idiot debuted on Broadway . The musical was nominated for three Tony Awards : Best Musical , Best Scenic Design and Best Lighting Design , losing only the first . Also in 2010 , Green Day was ranked no. 91 in the VH1 list of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time '' . On April 18 , 2015 , the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a part of the 2015 class in their first year of eligibility .
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It 's Only Rock 'n Roll is the 12th British and 14th American studio album by The Rolling Stones , released in 1974 . It was the last Rolling Stones album for guitarist Mick Taylor and the songwriting and recording of the album 's title track had a connection to Taylor 's eventual replacement , Ronnie Wood . It also marked the 10th anniversary since the band 's debut album . The album has a firmer rock sound than the band 's previous album , the more funk - and soul-inspired Goats Head Soup . The album reached # 1 in the US and # 2 in the UK .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.George W. Bush was a politician.
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George Walker Bush -LRB- born July 6 , 1946 -RRB- is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009 . He was also the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000 . After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975 , he worked in the oil industry . Bush married Laura Welch in 1977 and ran unsuccessfully for the House of Representatives shortly thereafter . He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election . Bush was elected president in 2000 after a close and controversial win over Democratic rival Al Gore , becoming the fourth president to be elected while receiving fewer popular votes than his opponent . From a prominent political family , he is the eldest son of Barbara and George H. W. Bush , the 41st President of the United States , making him only the second president to assume the nation 's highest office after his father , following the lead of John Quincy Adams . His brother , Jeb Bush , a former Governor of Florida , was a candidate for the Republican presidential nomination in the 2016 presidential election . His paternal grandfather , Prescott Bush , was a United States Senator from Connecticut . The September 11 terrorist attacks occurred eight months into Bush 's first term as president . Bush responded with what became known as the Bush Doctrine : launching a `` War on Terror '' , an international military campaign that included the war in Afghanistan in 2001 and the Iraq War in 2003 . He also promoted policies on the economy , health care , education , Social Security reform , and amending the Constitution to prohibit same-sex marriage . He signed into law broad tax cuts , the Patriot Act , the No Child Left Behind Act , the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act , Medicare prescription drug benefits for seniors , and funding for the AIDS relief program known as PEPFAR . His tenure included national debates on immigration , Social Security , electronic surveillance , and torture . In the 2004 Presidential race , Bush defeated Democratic Senator John Kerry in another relatively close election . After his re-election , Bush received increasingly heated criticism from across the political spectrum for his handling of the Iraq War , Hurricane Katrina , and other challenges . Amid this criticism , the Democratic Party regained control of Congress in the 2006 elections . In December 2007 , the United States entered its longest post-World War II recession , often referred to as the `` Great Recession '' , prompting the Bush administration to obtain congressional passage of multiple economic programs intended to preserve the country 's financial system . Nationally , Bush was both one of the most popular and unpopular presidents in history , having received the highest recorded presidential approval ratings in the wake of the September 11 attacks , as well as one of the lowest approval ratings during the 2008 financial crisis . Bush left office in 2009 , returning to Texas where he purchased a home in Crawford . He wrote a memoir , Decision Points . His presidential library was opened in 2013 . His presidency has been ranked among the worst in historians ' polls published in the late 2000s and 2010s .
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Dorothy Walker Bush Koch , often called `` Doro '' , -LRB- born August 18 , 1959 -RRB- is an American author and philanthropist . She is the daughter of the 41st President of the United States George H. W. Bush and former First Lady Barbara Bush , and the youngest and only female sibling of George W. Bush , the 43rd President .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Huntington's disease is inherited from a person's parents.
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Huntington 's disease -LRB- HD -RRB- , also known as Huntington 's chorea , is an inherited disorder that results in death of brain cells . The earliest symptoms are often subtle problems with mood or mental abilities . A general lack of coordination and an unsteady gait often follow . As the disease advances , uncoordinated , jerky body movements become more apparent . Physical abilities gradually worsen until coordinated movement becomes difficult and the person is unable to talk . Mental abilities generally decline into dementia . The specific symptoms vary somewhat between people . Symptoms usually begin between 30 and 50 years of age , but can start at any age . The disease may develop earlier in life in each successive generation . About 8 % of cases start before the age of 20 years and typically present with symptoms more similar to Parkinson 's disease . People with HD often underestimate the degree of their problems . HD is typically inherited from a person 's parents , with 10 % of cases due to a new mutation . The disease is caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in either of an individual 's two copies of a gene called Huntingtin . This means a child of an affected person typically has a 50 % chance of inheriting the disease . The Huntingtin gene provides the genetic information for a protein that is also called `` huntingtin '' . Expansion of CAG -LRB- cytosine-adenine-guanine -RRB- triplet repeats in the gene coding for the Huntingtin protein results in an abnormal protein , which gradually damages cells in the brain , through mechanisms that are not fully understood . Diagnosis is by genetic testing , which can be carried out at any time , regardless of whether or not symptoms are present . This fact raises several ethical debates : the age at which an individual is considered mature enough to choose testing ; whether parents have the right to have their children tested ; and managing confidentiality and disclosure of test results . There is no cure for HD . Full-time care is required in the later stages of the disease . Treatments can relieve some symptoms and in some improve quality of life . The best evidence for treatment of the movement problems is with tetrabenazine . HD affects about 4 to 15 in 100,000 people of European descent . It is rare among Japanese , while the occurrence rate in Africa is unknown . The disease affects men and women equally . Complications such as pneumonia , heart disease , and physical injury from falls reduce life expectancy . Suicide is the cause of death in about 9 % of cases . Death typically occurs fifteen to twenty years from when the disease was first detected . The first likely description of the disease was in 1841 by Charles Oscar Waters . The condition was described in further detail in 1872 by George Huntington , after whom it is named . The genetic basis was discovered in 1993 by an international collaborative effort led by the Hereditary Disease Foundation . Research and support organizations began forming in the late 1960s to increase public awareness , to provide support for individuals and their families , and to promote research . Current research directions include determining the exact mechanism of the disease , improving animal models to aid with research , testing of medications to treat symptoms or slow the progression of the disease , and studying procedures such as stem cell therapy with the goal of repairing damage caused by the disease .
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The Hereditary Disease Foundation -LRB- HDF -RRB- aims to cure genetic disorders , notably Huntington 's disease , by supporting basic biomedical research .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Mediterranean cuisine dishes exclude salted cured fish roe.
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Mediterranean cuisine represents the foods and methods of preparation by people of the Mediterranean Basin region , primarily as it pertains to Southern Europe . The region 's food came to be seen as a more or less unified cuisine following the cookery writer Elizabeth David 's book , A Book of Mediterranean Food -LRB- 1950 -RRB- . Other writers , such as the Tunisian historian Mohamed Yassine Essid , have agreed with David , defining the three core elements of the cuisine as the olive , wheat , and the grape , yielding olive oil , bread and pasta , and wine , respectively . The geographical area covered broadly follows the distribution of the olive tree , as noted by David and Essid . The region spans a wide variety of cultures with distinct cuisines , in particular -LRB- going anticlockwise around the region -RRB- the Maghrebi , Levantine , Ottoman -LRB- Turkish -RRB- , Greek , Italian , Provençal -LRB- French -RRB- , and Spanish . However , the historical connections of the region , as well as the impact of the Mediterranean Sea on the region 's climate and economy , mean that these cuisines share dishes beyond the core trio of oil , bread , and wine , such as roast lamb or mutton , meat stews with vegetables and tomato -LRB- for example , Spanish andrajos and Italian ciambotta -RRB- , and the salted cured fish roe , bottarga , found across the region . The cooking of the area is not to be confused with the Mediterranean diet , made popular because of the apparent health benefits of a diet rich in olive oil , wheat and other grains , fruits , vegetables , and a certain amount of seafood , but low in meat and dairy products . Mediterranean cuisine encompasses the ways that these and other ingredients , including meat , are dealt with in the kitchen , whether they are health-giving or not .
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Cacciucco -LRB- -LSB- katˈtʃukko -RSB- -RRB- is an Italian fish stew native to the western coastal towns of Tuscany and Liguria . It is especially associated with the port city of Livorno in Tuscany and the town of Viareggio to the north . It is a hearty stew consisting of several different types of fish and shellfish . According to one tradition , there should be five different types of fish in the soup , one for each letter c in cacciucco . A wide variety of Mediterranean fish and shellfish may be used , such as red gurnard , armored gurnard , scorpionfish -LRB- scorfano -RRB- , small clams such as littleneck or manila , firm-fleshed fish such as monkfish or other whitefish , red snapper , John Dory , or grouper , mussels , shrimp , and calamari . Traditionalist chefs add a stone taken from the sea to the dish . Crabs , eels , cuttlefish , octopus , bream , mullet , or anything else caught that day might be used . A wide variety of other ingredients are used in the broth , including various vegetables -LRB- which might include onions , tomatoes , leeks , zucchini , or yellow squash -RRB- , spices -LRB- which might include garlic , aniseed , dried crushed red pepper , kosher salt , black pepper , parsley , thyme , or bay leaf -RRB- and other ingredients -LRB- which might include fish stock , tomato paste , vermouth , or wine , either white or red -RRB- . There are many variants of cacciucco , varying by region and availability of ingredients . The dish is traditionally attributed to the Near East , which might be true , as the word cacciucco comes from the Turkish kaçukli -LRB- `` bits and pieces '' or `` odds and ends '' -RRB- , which reflects how the stew is made , from a variety of fish . Cacciucco is similar to other types of fish stew , such as the French bouillabaisse , Greek kakavia , Spanish zarzuela , and Portuguese caldeirada . Cioppino , another fish stew , was created by Italian-American fisherman in San Francisco , who used the local Dungeness crab in a variation of the cacciucco recipe . Pellegrino Artusi , in his classic 1891 cookbook , gave the following recipe : For 700 g of fish , finely chop an onion and saute it with oil , parsley , and two whole cloves of garlic . The moment the onion starts to brown , add 300 g of chopped from tomatoes or tomato paste , and season with salt and pepper . When the tomatoes are cooked , pour in one finger of strong vinegar or two fingers of weak vinegar , diluted in a large glass of water . Let boil for a few more minutes , then discard the garlic and strain the rest of the ingredients , pressing hard against the mesh . Put the strained sauce back on the fire along with whatever fish you may have on hand , including sole , red mullet , gurnard , dogfish , mantis shrimp , and other types of fish in season , leaving the small fish whole and cutting the big ones into small pieces . Taste for seasoning ; but in any case it is not a bad idea to add a little olive oil , since the amount of soffritto was quite small . When the fish is cooked , the cacciucco is usually brought to the table on two separate platters : on one you place the fish , strained from the broth , and on the other you arrange enough finger-thick slices of bread to soak up all the broth .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Hobbit films had actress Evangeline Lilly.
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The Hobbit is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson . They are based on the 1937 novel The Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien , with large portions of the trilogy inspired by the appendices to The Return of the King , which expand on the story told in The Hobbit , as well as new material and characters written especially for the films . Together they act as a prequel to Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy . The films are subtitled An Unexpected Journey -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , The Desolation of Smaug -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , and The Battle of the Five Armies -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . The screenplay was written by Fran Walsh , Philippa Boyens , Jackson , and Guillermo del Toro , who was originally chosen to direct before his departure from the project . The films take place in the fictional world of Middle-earth sixty years before the beginning of The Lord of the Rings , and follow hobbit Bilbo Baggins -LRB- Martin Freeman -RRB- , who is convinced by the wizard Gandalf the Grey -LRB- Ian McKellen -RRB- to accompany thirteen dwarves , led by Thorin Oakenshield -LRB- Richard Armitage -RRB- , on a quest to reclaim the Lonely Mountain from the dragon Smaug -LRB- voiced by Benedict Cumberbatch -RRB- . The films also expand upon certain elements from the novel and other source material , such as Gandalf 's investigation at Dol Guldur , and the pursuit of Azog and Bolg , who seek vengeance against Thorin and his ancestors . The films feature an ensemble cast that also includes James Nesbitt , Ken Stott , Evangeline Lilly , Lee Pace and Luke Evans , with several actors reprising their roles from The Lord of the Rings , including Cate Blanchett , Orlando Bloom , Ian Holm , Christopher Lee , Hugo Weaving , Elijah Wood and Andy Serkis . The films also feature Manu Bennett , Sylvester McCoy , Stephen Fry , Mikael Persbrandt , Barry Humphries , and Lawrence Makoare . Also returning for production , among others , were illustrators John Howe and Alan Lee , art director Dan Hennah , cinematographer Andrew Lesnie , and composer Howard Shore , while props were again crafted by Weta Workshop , with visual effects managed by Weta Digital . The first film in the series premiered at the Embassy Theatre in Wellington , New Zealand on 28 November 2012 . One hundred thousand people lined the red carpet on Courtenay Place , and the entire event was broadcast live on television in New Zealand and streamed over the Internet . The second film of the series premiered at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles , California on 2 December 2013 . The third and final film premiered at Leicester Square in London on 1 December 2014 . The series was a major financial success , with the films classified as one of the highest-grossing film series of all time , going on to outgross The Lord of the Rings film trilogy . Although critically considered to be inferior to The Lord of the Rings , it was nominated for various awards and won several , though not as many as its predecessor .
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Abigail Rhiannedd Hopkins -LRB- born 20 August 1968 -RRB- is an English singer-songwriter , actress and theatre director . She was born in Putney , London and is the daughter of the actor Sir Anthony Hopkins and his former wife , Petronella Barker . She had small roles in such films as Shadowlands , The Remains of the Day and Selected Exits -LRB- under the pseudonym Abigail Harrison -RRB- , as well as appearing in various roles in the theatre . All three films starred her father . In 2000 , she appeared in the David Starkey series Elizabeth as Catherine Parr . She released her debut album , Smile Road -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , the follow-up album Blue Satin Alley -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , `` The Lighthouse Keeper '' -LRB- EP , 2007 -RRB- and her latest album , The Memoirs of An Outlaw -LRB- 2008 -RRB- .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Andrew Jackson was the Democratic Party founder.
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Andrew Jackson -LRB- March 15 , 1767 -- June 8 , 1845 -RRB- was an American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh President of the United States from 1829 to 1837 and was the founder of the Democratic Party . Before being elected to the presidency , Jackson served in Congress and gained fame as a general in the United States Army . As president , Jackson sought to advance the rights of the `` common man '' against a `` corrupt aristocracy '' and to preserve the Union . He became a practicing lawyer in Tennessee and in 1791 he married Rachel Donelson Robards . Jackson served briefly in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate . Upon returning to Tennessee , he was appointed a justice on the Tennessee Supreme Court , serving from 1798 until 1804 . In 1801 , Jackson was appointed colonel in the Tennessee militia , and was elected its commander the following year . He led Tennessee militia and U.S. Army regulars during the Creek War of 1813 -- 1814 , winning a major victory at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend . The subsequent Treaty of Fort Jackson required the Creek surrender of vast lands in present-day Alabama and Georgia . Jackson won a decisive victory in the War of 1812 over the British army at the Battle of New Orleans , making him a national hero . Following the conclusion of the War of 1812 , Jackson led U.S. forces in the First Seminole War , which helped produce the Adams -- Onís Treaty of 1819 and the transfer of Florida from Spain to the United States . Following the ratification of the treaty , Jackson briefly served as Florida 's first territorial governor before winning election as a U.S. Senator from Tennessee . Jackson was a candidate for president in 1824 but , lacking a majority of electoral votes , lost the election in the House of Representatives to John Quincy Adams . In reaction to a `` corrupt bargain '' between opponents Adams and Henry Clay , Jackson 's supporters founded the Democratic Party . He ran again for president in 1828 against Adams and won in a landslide . As president , Jackson faced a threat of secession by South Carolina over the `` Tariff of Abominations '' enacted under Adams . The Nullification Crisis was defused when the tariff was amended and Jackson threatened the use of military force if South Carolina attempted to secede . Congress , led by Clay , attempted to reauthorize the Second Bank of the United States ; Jackson regarded the Bank as a corrupt institution and vetoed the renewal of its charter . After a lengthy struggle , Jackson and the congressional Democrats thoroughly dismantled the Bank . In 1835 , Jackson became the only president to completely pay off the national debt , fulfilling a longtime goal . In foreign affairs , Jackson 's administration concluded a `` most favored nation '' treaty with Great Britain , settled U.S. claims of damages by France from the Napoleonic Wars , and recognized the Republic of Texas . His presidency marked the beginning of the ascendancy of the `` spoils system '' in American politics . In 1830 , Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act , which relocated most members of the Native American tribes in the South to Indian Territory -LRB- now Oklahoma -RRB- . The relocation process dispossessed the Indians and resulted in widespread death and sickness . In his retirement , Jackson remained active in Democratic Party politics , supporting the presidencies of Martin Van Buren and James K. Polk . Jackson was widely revered in the United States , but his reputation has declined since the mid-20th century , largely due to his role in Indian removal and support for slavery . Surveys of historians and scholars have ranked Jackson between 6th and 18th most successful among United States presidents .
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Andrew Jackson -LRB- February 11 , 1828 -- July 23 , 1901 -RRB- was a Swedish-American Lutheran minister who served as president of the Minnesota Conference of the Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Church .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Tardigrades have been in at least one environment.
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Tardigrades -LRB- -LSB- ˈtɑrdᵻˌgreɪd -RSB- also known as water bears , space bears , or moss piglets -RRB- are water-dwelling , eight-legged , segmented micro-animals . They were first discovered by the German zoologist Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1773 . The name Tardigrada -LRB- meaning `` slow stepper '' -RRB- was given three years later by the Italian biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani . They have been found everywhere from mountaintops to the deep sea , mud volcanoes , and from tropical rain forests to the Antarctic . Tardigrades are one of the most resilient animals known : they can survive extreme conditions that would be rapidly fatal to nearly all other known life forms . They can withstand temperature ranges from 1 K -LRB- close to absolute zero -RRB- to about 420 K for several minutes , pressures about six times greater than those found in the deepest ocean trenches , ionizing radiation at doses hundreds of times higher than the lethal dose for a human , and the vacuum of outer space . They can go without food or water for more than 30 years , drying out to the point where they are 3 % or less water , only to rehydrate , forage , and reproduce . Tardigrades living in harsh conditions undergo an annual process of cyclomorphosis . They are not considered extremophilic because they are not adapted to exploit these conditions . This means that their chances of dying increase the longer they are exposed to the extreme environments , whereas true extremophiles thrive in a physically or geochemically extreme environment that would harm most other organisms . Usually , tardigrades are about 0.5 mm long when they are fully grown . They are short and plump with four pairs of legs , each with four to eight claws also known as `` disks '' . The first three pairs of legs are directed ventrolaterally and are the primary means of locomotion , while the fourth pair is directed posteriorly on the terminal segment of the trunk and is used primarily for grasping the substrate . Tardigrades are prevalent in mosses and lichens and feed on plant cells , algae , and small invertebrates . When collected , they may be viewed under a very low-power microscope , making them accessible to students and amateur scientists . Tardigrades form the phylum Tardigrada , part of the superphylum Ecdysozoa . It is an ancient group , with fossils dating from 530 million years ago , in the Cambrian period . About 1,150 species of tardigrades have been described . Tardigrades can be found throughout the world , from the Himalayas -LRB- above 6000 m -RRB- , to the deep sea -LRB- below 4000 m -RRB- and from the polar regions to the equator .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Ghostbusters premiered at a theatre.
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Ghostbusters -LRB- also known as Ghostbusters : Answer the Call and marketed as such on home release -RRB- is a 2016 3D supernatural comedy film directed by Paul Feig , written by Feig and Katie Dippold and starring Melissa McCarthy , Kristen Wiig , Kate McKinnon , Leslie Jones and Chris Hemsworth . Telling the story of four women who start a ghost-catching business in New York City , it is the third feature film in the Ghostbusters franchise and serves as a reboot to the previous films . A third Ghostbusters film had been in various stages of development following the release of Ghostbusters II in 1989 . As a result of original cast member Bill Murray 's refusal to commit to the project and the death of fellow cast member Harold Ramis in 2014 , Sony decided to reboot the series . Much of the original film 's cast make cameo appearances in new roles . The announcement of the female-led cast in 2015 drew a polarized response from the public and Internet backlash . Distributed by Columbia Pictures , the film premiered at the TCL Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles on July 9 , 2016 and was released theatrically in the United States on July 15 , 2016 , in 2D , 3D , RealD 3D and IMAX 3D . The film grossed $ 229 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 144 million . Due to the high budget and large amount spent on marketing , the film is considered a box office bomb .
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The Knickerbocker Theatre , previously known as Abbey 's Theatre and Henry Abbey 's Theatre , was a Broadway theatre located at 1396 Broadway -LRB- West 38th Street -RRB- in New York City . It operated from 1893 to 1930 . In 1906 , the theatre introduced the first moving electrical sign on Broadway to advertise its productions .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Eminem has a 1996 album called Infinite.
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Marshall Bruce Mathers III -LRB- born October 17 , 1972 -RRB- , known professionally as Eminem -LRB- often stylized as EMINƎM -RRB- , is an American rapper , record producer , and actor . Eminem is the best-selling artist of the 2000s in the United States . Throughout his career , he has had 10 number-one albums on the Billboard 200 and five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 . With US sales of 45.1 million albums and 42 million tracks as of June 2014 , Eminem is the second best-selling male artist of the Nielsen SoundScan era , the sixth best-selling artist in the United States and the best-selling hip-hop artist . Globally , he has sold more than 172 million albums , thus being one of the world 's best-selling artists . Rolling Stone ranked him 83rd on its list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time , calling him the King of Hip Hop . After his debut album Infinite -LRB- 1996 -RRB- and the Slim Shady EP -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , Eminem signed with Dr. Dre 's Aftermath Entertainment and subsequently achieved mainstream popularity in 1999 with The Slim Shady LP , which earned him his first Grammy Award for Best Rap Album . His next two releases , 2000 's The Marshall Mathers LP and 2002 's The Eminem Show , were worldwide successes , with each being certified diamond in U.S. sales , and both winning Best Rap Album Grammy Awards -- making Eminem the first artist to win the award for three consecutive LPs . They were followed by Encore in 2004 , another critical and commercial success . Eminem went on hiatus after touring in 2005 , releasing Relapse in 2009 and Recovery in 2010 . Both won Grammy Awards and Recovery was the best-selling album of 2010 worldwide , the second time he had the international best-selling album of the year -LRB- after The Eminem Show -RRB- . Eminem 's eighth album , 2013 's The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , won two Grammy Awards , including Best Rap Album ; it expanded his record for the most wins in that category and his Grammy total to 15 . In addition to his solo career , Eminem is an original member of the Midwest hip hop groups Soul Intent and D12 . He is also known for his collaborations with fellow Detroit-based rapper Royce da 5 ' 9 '' ; the two are collectively known as Bad Meets Evil . Eminem has developed other ventures , including Shady Records , with manager Paul Rosenberg , which helped launch the careers of artists such as 50 Cent . Eminem has also established his own channel , Shade 45 , on Sirius XM Radio . In November 2002 , he starred in the hip hop film 8 Mile , which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song , for `` Lose Yourself '' , becoming the first rap artist to win the award . Eminem has made cameo appearances in the films The Wash -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , Funny People -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , The Interview -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and the television series Entourage -LRB- 2010 -RRB- .
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Infinity is the debut album released by the Japanese band Vivid . This was released in two different versions : a limited CD+DVD edition , and a regular CD only edition . It is the band 's first studio album and first album after going major with EPIC Records . The regular edition came with an extra track , `` EVER '' . The song `` live your life '' was also used as a theme song for the multiplayer online role-playing game Dragon Nest .
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