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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Darth Vader was prophesied to bring balance to the Force in the Star Wars universe.
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Darth Vader , also known by his birth name Anakin Skywalker , is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise . Vader appears in the original film trilogy as a pivotal antagonist whose actions drive the plot , while his past as Anakin Skywalker and the story of his corruption are central to the narrative of the prequel trilogy . The character was created by George Lucas and has been portrayed by numerous actors . His appearances span the first six Star Wars films , as well as Rogue One , and his character is heavily referenced in Star Wars : The Force Awakens . He is also an important character in the Star Wars expanded universe of television series , video games , novels , literature and comic books . Originally a Jedi prophesied to bring balance to the Force , he falls to the dark side of the Force and serves the evil Galactic Empire at the right hand of his Sith master , Emperor Palpatine -LRB- also known as Darth Sidious -RRB- . He is also the father of Luke Skywalker and Princess Leia Organa , secret husband of Padmé Amidala and grandfather of Kylo Ren . Darth Vader has become one of the most iconic villains in popular culture , and has been listed among the greatest villains and fictional characters ever . The American Film Institute listed him as the third greatest movie villain in cinema history on 100 Years ... 100 Heroes and Villains , behind Hannibal Lecter and Norman Bates . However , other critics consider him a tragic hero , citing his original motivations for the greater good before his fall to the dark side .
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The Final Prophecy is a novel in the New Jedi Order series , written by Greg Keyes . Published and released in 2003 , it is the eighteenth installment of the series , which is set in the Star Wars universe .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Quentin Tarantino wrote and directed My Best Friend's Birthday.
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Quentin Jerome Tarantino -LRB- -LSB- ˌtærənˈtiːnoʊ -RSB- born March 27 , 1963 -RRB- is an American director , writer , and actor . His films are characterized by nonlinear storylines , satirical subject matter , an aestheticization of violence , extended scenes of dialogue , ensemble casts consisting of established and lesser-known performers , references to popular culture , soundtracks primarily containing songs and score pieces from the 1960s to the 1980s , and features of neo-noir film . He is widely considered one of the greatest filmmakers of his generation . His career began in the late 1980s , when he wrote and directed My Best Friend 's Birthday , the screenplay of which formed the basis for True Romance . In the early 1990s , he began his career as an independent filmmaker with the release of Reservoir Dogs in 1992 ; regarded as a classic and cult hit , it was called the `` Greatest Independent Film of All Time '' by Empire . Its popularity was boosted by his second film , Pulp Fiction -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , a black comedy crime film that was a major success both among critics and audiences . Judged the greatest film from 1983 -- 2008 by Entertainment Weekly , many critics and scholars have named it one of the most significant works of modern cinema . For his next effort , Tarantino paid homage to the blaxploitation films of the 1970s with Jackie Brown -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , an adaptation of the novel Rum Punch . Kill Bill , a highly stylized `` revenge flick '' in the cinematic traditions of Kung fu films , Japanese martial arts , Spaghetti Westerns and Italian horror , followed six years later , and was released as two films : Volume 1 in 2003 and Volume 2 in 2004 . Tarantino directed Death Proof -LRB- 2007 -RRB- as part of a double feature with friend Robert Rodriguez , under the collective title Grindhouse . His long-postponed Inglourious Basterds , which tells the fictional alternate history story of two plots to assassinate Nazi Germany 's political leadership , was released in 2009 to positive reviews . After that came 2012 's critically acclaimed Django Unchained , a Western film set in the antebellum era of the Deep South . It became the highest-grossing film of his career so far , making over $ 425 million at the box office . His eighth film , the mystery Western The Hateful Eight , was released in its roadshow version December 25 , 2015 , in 70 mm film format , complete with opening `` overture '' and halfway-point intermission , after the fashion of big-budget films of the 1960s and early 1970s . Tarantino 's films have garnered both critical and commercial success . He has received many industry awards , including two Academy Awards , two Golden Globe Awards , two BAFTA Awards and the Palme d'Or , and has been nominated for an Emmy and a Grammy . He was named one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World by Time in 2005 . Filmmaker and historian Peter Bogdanovich has called him `` the single most influential director of his generation '' . In December 2015 , Tarantino received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the film industry .
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Best Friend or Best Friends may refer to : Someone with whom one shares the strongest possible kind of friendship Best Friend -LRB- play -RRB- , a 1976 Broadway play by Michael Sawyer Best Friends Animal Society , an animal welfare organization based in the United States
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Cristiano Ronaldo died in 1985.
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Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro , -LRB- -LSB- kɾiʃ ` tjɐnu ʁuˈnaɫdu -RSB- , born 5 February 1985 -RRB- is a Portuguese professional footballer for Spanish club Real Madrid and the Portugal national team . He primarily plays as a forward , but has also been deployed as a winger and serves as captain for Portugal . In 2008 , he won his first Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year awards . Ronaldo then won the FIFA Ballon d'Or in 2013 and 2014 . In 2016 , he received his fourth Ballon d'Or , the most for a European player in the history of the award , and the inaugural Best FIFA Men 's Player . In 2015 , Ronaldo scored his 500th senior career goal for club and country . Two years later , he surpassed Jimmy Greaves as the all-time top-scorer in the top five European leagues . Often ranked the best player in the world and widely regarded as one of the greatest of all time , Ronaldo was named the best Portuguese player of all time by the Portuguese Football Federation , during its 100th anniversary celebrations in 2015 . He was the first player to win four European Golden Shoe awards . One of the most marketable athletes in sport , in 2016 Forbes named Ronaldo the world 's best paid athlete . ESPN ranked him the world 's most famous athlete in 2016 and 2017 . Ronaldo began his senior club career playing for Sporting CP , before signing with Manchester United at age 18 in 2003 . After winning his first trophy , the FA Cup , during his first season in England , he helped United win three successive Premier League titles , a UEFA Champions League title , and a FIFA Club World Cup . By age 23 , he had received Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year nominations . He was the subject of the most expensive association football transfer when he moved from Manchester United to Real Madrid in 2009 in a transfer worth $ 94 million -LRB- $ 132 million -RRB- . In Spain , he has won two La Liga titles , two Copas del Rey , two Champions League titles , and two Club World Cups . Ronaldo holds the record for most goals scored in a single UEFA Champions League season , having scored 17 goals in the 2013 -- 14 season . In 2014 , Ronaldo became the fastest player to score 200 goals in La Liga , which he achieved in his 178th La Liga game . He is the only player in the history of football to score more than 50 goals in a season on six consecutive occasions . In 2015 , Ronaldo became the all-time top goalscorer in the UEFA Champions League , and he also became Real Madrid 's all-time leading goalscorer . In 2017 , he became the first player to reach 100 goals in European club competitions , as well as in the UEFA Champions League . He is the second highest goalscorer in La Liga history behind Lionel Messi , his perceived career rival . Ronaldo made his international debut for Portugal in August 2003 , at the age of 18 . He is Portugal 's most capped player of all time with over 130 caps , and has participated in seven major tournaments : four UEFA European Championships -LRB- 2004 , 2008 , 2012 and 2016 -RRB- and three FIFA World Cups -LRB- 2006 , 2010 and 2014 -RRB- . He is the first Portuguese player to reach 50 international goals , making him Portugal 's all-time top goalscorer . He scored his first international goal in Euro 2004 and helped Portugal reach the final . He took over full captaincy in July 2008 , and he led Portugal to the semi-finals at Euro 2012 , finishing the competition as joint-top scorer . In November 2014 , Ronaldo became the all-time top scorer in the UEFA European Championship -LRB- including qualifying -RRB- with 23 goals . At Euro 2016 , he became the most capped player of all-time in the tournament , the first player to score at four consecutive European Championship finals , and also equalled Michel Platini 's all-time record for most goals scored in the competition . Ronaldo lifted the trophy after Portugal defeated France in the final , and he received the Silver Boot as the second-highest goalscorer of the tournament .
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Charles Fernando Basílio da Silva or simply Charles -LRB- born February 14 , 1985 in Rio de Janeiro -RRB- , is a Brazilian defensive midfielder currently playing Antalyaspor .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Nina Simone is American.
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Nina Simone -LRB- -LSB- ˈniːnə_sᵻˈmoʊn -RSB- born Eunice Kathleen Waymon ; February 21 , 1933 -- April 21 , 2003 -RRB- was an American singer , songwriter , pianist , arranger , and activist in the Civil Rights Movement . Simone employed a broad range of musical styles including classical , jazz , blues , folk , R&B , gospel , and pop . Born in North Carolina , the sixth child of a preacher , Waymon aspired to be a concert pianist . With the help of a few supporters in her hometown of Tryon , North Carolina , she enrolled in the Juilliard School of Music in New York . Waymon then applied for a scholarship to study at the prestigious Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia , where she was denied despite a well-received audition . Waymon became fully convinced this rejection had been entirely due to her race , a statement that has been a matter of controversy . Years later , two days before her death , the Curtis Institute of Music bestowed on her an honorary degree . To make a living , Eunice Waymon changed her name to `` Nina Simone '' . The change related to her need to disguise herself from family members , having chosen to play `` the devil 's music '' or `` cocktail piano '' at a nightclub in Atlantic City . She was told in the nightclub that she would have to sing to her own accompaniment , and this effectively launched her career as a jazz vocalist . Simone recorded more than 40 albums , mostly between 1958 , when she made her debut with Little Girl Blue , and 1974 . She had a hit in the United States in 1958 with `` I Loves You , Porgy '' . Simone 's musical style fused gospel and pop with classical music , in particular Johann Sebastian Bach , and accompanied expressive , jazz-like singing in her contralto voice .
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Anita Simonis -LRB- March 2 , 1926 -- December 11 , 2011 -RRB- was an American gymnast who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Patricia Lea ``Patty'' Jenkins is a writer of screenplays.
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Patricia Lea `` Patty '' Jenkins -LRB- born July 23 , 1971 -RRB- is an American film director and screenwriter . She is known for directing Monster -LRB- 2003 -RRB- and Wonder Woman -LRB- 2017 -RRB- .
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T.L. Wagener -LRB- Terri Wagener -RRB- is a playwright and screenwriter . Her plays include `` The Man Who Could See Through Time , '' `` The Tattler : The Story and Stories of a Pathological Liar , '' `` Currently Married , '' `` Ladies in Waiting , '' `` Semi-Precious Things , `` Damn Everything But The Circus , '' and `` Work . '' Her film work includes `` Fried Green Tomatoes , '' and others . She is known in Hollywood as the writer whose work got Jessica Tandy to say `` yes . '' She is a recipient of an NEA Playwriting Fellowship Grant and is cited in `` Best New Plays , 1982-1983 , '' the Reva Shiner National Full-Length Play Contest , and has twice been a finalist for the Susan Smith Blackburn Prize . Her plays have been produced at the O'Neill Playwrights Conference in Connecticut , Actors Theatre of Louisville , Yale Repertory Theatre , South Coast Repertory -LRB- with Linda Purl off-Broadway -LRB- with Bob Gunton directed by Carey Perloff -RRB- , as well as at many smaller theaters in the United States and Canada . Wagener 's two-person play `` A Royal Affaire , '' about King Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson was performed as a Benefit Gala program for the Pasadena Playhouse by Sharon Stone and David Hyde Pierce . Wagener has taught writing at New Dramatists in New York City , Bread Loaf Graduate School of English at Middlebury College in Vermont , the Department of Dramatic Writing at The Tisch School at NYU , to schoolchildren in Sydney , Australia , and as part of the Screen Actors Guild Summer Conservatory in Los Angeles .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Baylor University is located within a city that's the county seat of McLennan County, Texas.
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Baylor University -LRB- BU -RRB- is a private Baptist university in Waco , Texas . Chartered in 1845 by the last Congress of the Republic of Texas , it is the oldest continuously-operating university in Texas and one of the first educational institutions west of the Mississippi River in the United States . Located on the banks of the Brazos River next to I-35 , between the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex and Austin , the university 's 1,000-acre campus is the largest Baptist university campus in the world . Baylor University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools but is currently on `` warning '' due to suspected non-compliance with SACS requirements , it is the least severe non-compliant status a university can be placed on . Baylor University 's athletic teams , known as the Bears , participate in 19 intercollegiate sports . The university is a member of the Big 12 Conference in the NCAA Division I.
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Clifton is the largest city in Bosque County , located in central Texas in the United States . The city 's population was 3,442 at the 2010 census .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Illusionist was a success critically.
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The Illusionist is a 2006 American romantic mystery film written and directed by Neil Burger and starring Edward Norton , Paul Giamatti , and Jessica Biel . It is based loosely on Steven Millhauser 's short story , `` Eisenheim the Illusionist '' . The film tells the story of Eisenheim , a magician in turn-of-the-century Vienna , who reunites with his childhood love , a woman far above his social standing . The film also depicts a fictionalized version of the Mayerling Incident . The film premiered at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival and opened the 2006 Seattle International Film Festival ; it was distributed in limited release to theaters on August 18 , 2006 , and expanded nationwide on September 1 . The film was a commercial and critical success .
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Art & Illusion is a studio mini-album released by UK neo-progressive band Twelfth Night in 1984 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Ben Stiller stars in The Royal Tenenbaums.
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The Royal Tenenbaums is a 2001 American comedy-drama film directed by Wes Anderson and co-written with Owen Wilson . The film stars Danny Glover , Gene Hackman , Anjelica Huston , Bill Murray , Gwyneth Paltrow , Ben Stiller , Luke Wilson , and Owen Wilson . It follows the lives of three gifted siblings who experience great success in youth , and even greater disappointment and failure after their eccentric father leaves them in their adolescent years . An ironic and absurdist sense of humor pervades the film . The Royal Tenenbaums received positive reviews from critics . Hackman won a Golden Globe for his performance , and the screenplay was nominated for an Academy Award . In a 2016 poll of international critics conducted by BBC , The Royal Tenenbaums was voted one of the 100 greatest motion pictures since 2000 .
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Your Friends & Neighbors is a 1998 black comedy film written and directed by Neil LaBute and starring Amy Brenneman , Aaron Eckhart , Catherine Keener , Nastassja Kinski , Jason Patric , and Ben Stiller in an ensemble cast . This film was the first to be reviewed on the website Rotten Tomatoes . The film 's credit sequences feature music by Apocalyptica .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Stand-up comedy is generally intended to be humorous or amusing.
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Stand-up comedy is a comic style in which a comedian performs in front of a live audience , usually speaking directly to them . The performer is commonly known as a comic , stand-up comic , stand-up comedian , or simply a stand-up . In stand-up comedy , the comedian usually recites a grouping of humorous stories , jokes and one-liners typically called a monologue , routine , or act . Some stand-up comedians use props , music , or magic tricks to `` enhance '' their acts . Stand-up comedy is often performed in comedy clubs , bars and pubs , nightclubs , neo-burlesques , colleges and theatres . Outside of live performance , stand-up is often distributed commercially via television , DVD , CD and the internet .
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Bryant Reginald Moss -LRB- born 1967 -RRB- , best known by his stage name Preacher Moss , is an American stand-up comedian and writer . He is best known as one third of comedy trio Allah Made Me Funny .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Farrah Fawcett passed up a role in Myra Breckinridge.
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Farrah Fawcett -LRB- born Ferrah Leni Fawcett ; February 2 , 1947 -- June 25 , 2009 -RRB- was an American actress and artist . A four-time Emmy Award nominee and six-time Golden Globe Award nominee , Fawcett rose to international fame when she posed for her iconic red swimsuit poster -- which became the best selling pin-up poster in history -- and starred as private investigator Jill Munroe in the first season of the television series Charlie 's Angels -LRB- 1976 -- 1977 -RRB- . In 1996 , she was ranked No. 26 on TV Guide `` 50 Greatest TV stars of All-Time '' . Fawcett began her career in 1968 in commercials and guest roles on television . During the 1970s , she appeared in numerous television series , including recurring roles on Harry O -LRB- 1974 -- 1976 -RRB- , and The Six Million Dollar Man -LRB- 1974 -- 1978 -RRB- with then husband , film and television star Lee Majors . Her breakthrough role came in 1976 , when she was cast as Jill Munroe in the ABC series Charlie 's Angels , alongside Kate Jackson and Jaclyn Smith . The show propelled all three to stardom , but especially Fawcett -LRB- then billed as Farrah Fawcett-Majors -RRB- . After appearing in only the first season , Fawcett decided to leave the show which led to legal disputes . Eventually she signed a contract requiring her to make six guest appearances in the show 's third and fourth seasons -LRB- 1978 -- 1980 -RRB- . For her role in Charlie 's Angels she received her first Golden Globe nomination . In 1983 , Fawcett received positive reviews for her performance in the Off-Broadway play Extremities . She was subsequently cast in the 1986 film version and received a Golden Globe nomination . She received two Emmy Award nominations for her roles in TV movies , as a battered wife in the 1984 film The Burning Bed and as real-life murderer Diane Downs in the 1989 film Small Sacrifices . Her 1980s work in TV movies also earned her four additional Golden Globe nominations . In 1997 , she gained some negative press for a rambling appearance on The Late Show with David Letterman , but also garnered strong reviews for her role in the film The Apostle with Robert Duvall . She continued in numerous TV series , including recurring roles in the sitcom Spin City -LRB- 2001 -RRB- and the drama The Guardian -LRB- 2002 -- 2003 -RRB- . For the latter , she received her third Emmy nomination . Her film roles include , Love Is a Funny Thing -LRB- 1969 -RRB- , Myra Breckinridge -LRB- 1970 -RRB- , Logan 's Run -LRB- 1976 -RRB- , Sunburn -LRB- 1979 -RRB- , Saturn 3 -LRB- 1980 -RRB- , The Cannonball Run -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , Extremities -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , The Apostle -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , and Dr. T & the Women -LRB- 2000 -RRB- . Fawcett was diagnosed with anal cancer in 2006 ; the 2009 NBC documentary Farrah 's Story chronicled her battle with the disease . She posthumously earned her fourth Emmy nomination for her work as a producer on the documentary .
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Small Sacrifices is a 1989 American made-for-TV movie written by Joyce Eliason and based on the best-selling true crime book by Ann Rule of the same name . The film is about Diane Downs and the murder and attempted murder of her three children . It stars Farrah Fawcett , Ryan O'Neal , Gordon Clapp , John Shea and Emily Perkins . The film premiered on ABC on 12 November 1989 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.John Hughes wrote a story that Maid in Manhattan was based on.
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Maid in Manhattan is a 2002 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Wayne Wang and based on a story by John Hughes , who is credited using a pseudonym . It stars Jennifer Lopez , Ralph Fiennes , and Natasha Richardson . In the film , a hotel maid and a high profile politician fall in love . The film was released on December 13 , 2002 .
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John Luther Long -LRB- January 1 , 1861 -- October 31 , 1927 -RRB- was an American lawyer and writer best known for his short story `` Madame Butterfly '' , which was based on the recollections of his sister , Jennie Correll , who had been to Japan with her husband -- a Methodist missionary .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Matthew Modine is an American actor.
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Matthew Avery Modine -LRB- born March 22 , 1959 -RRB- is an American film actor who rose to prominence through his role as United States Marine Corps Private Joker in Stanley Kubrick 's `` Full Metal Jacket '' . His other well-known roles include Dr. Martin Brenner in Stranger Things , the title character in Alan Parker 's Birdy , high school wrestler Louden Swain in Vision Quest and the oversexed Sullivan Groff on Weeds .
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Martin Moran -LRB- born December 29 , 1959 -RRB- , is an American actor and writer who grew up in Denver , Colorado . He attended Stanford University and is best known for his autobiographical solo show about his childhood molestation called The Tricky Part , for which he won an Obie Award and received two Drama Desk Award nominations . In 1999 he gave his final Broadway performance as radioman Harold Bride in a play called Titanic but thanks to Manhattan Concert Productions returned to it in 2014 . In 2005 , Moran adapted The Tricky Part into a memoir that was published by Beacon Press . In 2013 Moran debuted a second solo show All the Rage in New York , where he currently lives ; in 2016 , All the Rage was adapted into a memoir by Moran and will be published in May by Beacon Press .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Robert Redford is a human.
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Charles Robert Redford Jr. -LRB- born August 18 , 1936 -RRB- is an American actor , director , producer , businessman , environmentalist , and philanthropist . Redford is the founder of the Sundance Film Festival . Redford 's career began in 1960 as a guest star on numerous TV shows , including : The Untouchables , Perry Mason , Alfred Hitchcock Presents , and The Twilight Zone , among others . He earned an Emmy nomination as Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Voice of Charlie Pont -LRB- 1962 -RRB- . His greatest Broadway success was as the stuffy newlywed husband of Elizabeth Ashley in Neil Simon 's Barefoot in the Park -LRB- 1963 -RRB- . Redford made his film debut in War Hunt -LRB- 1962 -RRB- . His role in Inside Daisy Clover -LRB- 1965 -RRB- won him a Golden Globe for best new star . He starred in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid -LRB- 1969 -RRB- , which was a huge success and made him a major star . In 1972 , he had a critical and box office hit with Jeremiah Johnson -LRB- 1972 -RRB- , and in 1973 had the greatest hit of his career , the blockbuster crime caper The Sting , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award . The popular and acclaimed All the President 's Men -LRB- 1976 -RRB- was a landmark film for Redford . The first film that Redford directed , Ordinary People -LRB- 1980 -RRB- , was one of the most critically and publicly acclaimed films of the decade , winning four Oscars , and in the same year , he starred in Brubaker -LRB- 1980 -RRB- . He starred in Out of Africa -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , which was an enormous critical and box office success , and won seven Oscars including Best Picture , proving to be his greatest success of the decade . He released his third film as a director , A River Runs Through It , in 1992 . Redford won the Academy Award for Best Director in 1981 for directing Ordinary People . He was previously nominated for Best Actor in 1974 for his performance in The Sting , and went on to receive Best Director and Best Picture nominations in 1995 for Quiz Show . He won a second Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement in 2002 . In 2010 , he was made a chevalier of the Légion d'Honneur . He has won BAFTA , Directors Guild of America , Golden Globe , and Screen Actors Guild Awards . In April 2014 , Time magazine included Redford in their annual Time 100 as one of the `` Most Influential People in the World '' , declaring him the `` Godfather of Indie Film '' . In 2016 , President Barack Obama honored Redford with a Presidential Medal of Freedom .
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Jeffrey Reddick is an American screenwriter and film director , best known for creating the Final Destination franchise .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Scott Stewart wrote Legion.
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Legion is a 2010 American apocalyptic supernatural action horror film directed by Scott Stewart and co-written by Stewart and Peter Schink . The cast includes Paul Bettany , Lucas Black , Tyrese Gibson , Adrianne Palicki , Kate Walsh , and Dennis Quaid . Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions Group acquired most of this film 's worldwide distribution rights , and the group opened this film in North America theatrically on January 22 , 2010 through Screen Gems . A television series called Dominion , set 25 years after the end of the film , premiered on the American cable television network Syfy on June 19 , 2014 .
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Cowboys & Aliens is a 105-page graphic novel created by Scott Mitchell Rosenberg and written by Fred Van Lente and Andrew Foley , with art by Dennis Calero and Luciano Lima . It was released by American publisher Platinum Studios in 2006 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Maria Sharapova is a United States resident.
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Maria Yuryevna Sharapova -LRB- Мари́я Ю́рьевна Шара́пова ; born April 19 , 1987 -RRB- is a Russian professional tennis player . A United States resident since 1994 , Sharapova has competed on the WTA tour since 2001 . She has been ranked world No. 1 in singles by the WTA on five separate occasions , for a total of 21 weeks . She is one of ten women , and the only Russian , to hold the career Grand Slam . She is also an Olympic medalist , having earned silver for Russia in women 's singles at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London . Sharapova became the world No. 1 for the first time on August 22 , 2005 , at the age of 18 , and last held the ranking for the fifth time for four weeks from June 11 , 2012 , to July 8 , 2012 . Her 35 singles titles and five Grand Slam titles -- two at the French Open and one each at the Australian Open , Wimbledon , and US Open -- rank third among active players , behind Serena and Venus Williams . She won the year-ending WTA Finals in her debut in 2004 . She has also won three doubles titles . Despite an injury-prone career , Sharapova has achieved a rare level of longevity in the women 's game . She won at least one singles title a year from 2003 until 2015 , a streak only bested by Steffi Graf , Martina Navratilova , and Chris Evert . Several tennis pundits and former players have called Sharapova one of tennis 's best competitors , with John McEnroe calling her one of the best the sport has ever seen . Sharapova has been featured in a number of modeling assignments , including a feature in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue . She appeared in many advertisements , including those for Nike , Prince , and Canon , being the face of several fashion houses , most notably Cole Haan . Since February 2007 , she has been a United Nations Development Programme Goodwill Ambassador , concerned specifically with the Chernobyl Recovery and Development Programme . In June 2011 , she was named one of the `` 30 Legends of Women 's Tennis : Past , Present and Future '' by Time and in March 2012 was named one of the `` 100 Greatest of All Time '' by Tennis Channel . According to Forbes , she has been named highest paid female athlete in the world for 11 consecutive years and earned 285 million including prize money since she turned pro in 2001 . In March 2016 , Sharapova revealed she had failed a drug test at the 2016 Australian Open on January 26 , 2016 . She had tested positive for meldonium , a substance that had been banned , effective January 1 , 2016 by the World Anti-Doping Agency -LRB- WADA -RRB- . On June 8 , 2016 , she was suspended from playing tennis for two years by the International Tennis Federation -LRB- ITF -RRB- . On October 4 , 2016 , the suspension was reduced to 15 months , starting from the date of the failed test . She returned to the WTA tour on April 26 , 2017 at the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix .
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Mike Gandolfo -LRB- born October 3 , 1958 -RRB- is a former professional tennis player from the United States .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Atomic Blonde is adapted from a graphic novel.
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Atomic Blonde is a 2017 American action spy thriller film directed by David Leitch and written by Kurt Johnstad . It is based on Antony Johnston and Sam Hart 's 2012 graphic novel The Coldest City , which revolves around a spy who has to find a list of double agents who are being smuggled into the West . The film stars Charlize Theron , James McAvoy , John Goodman , Til Schweiger , Eddie Marsan , Sofia Boutella , and Toby Jones . This will be Leitch 's first solo credit as director , after co-directing John Wick with Chad Stahelski . The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 12 , 2017 . It will be released theatrically on July 28 , 2017 , by Focus Features .
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is a Japanese yonkoma manga series written and drawn by Atami Michinoku . The manga is published online in Ichijinsha 's Zero-Sum Online with first tankōbon format released on September 25 , 2015 . The manga is licensed in North America by Seven Seas Entertainment . An anime adaptation is produced by EMT Squared and broadcast in Japan from July 5 , 2016 with each episode 4 minutes long .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Adrianne is the middle name of Neve Campbell.
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Neve Adrianne Campbell -LRB- -LSB- ˈnɛv_ˈkæmbəl -RSB- born October 3 , 1973 -RRB- is a Canadian actress . She is best known for her role as Sidney Prescott in the horror film series Scream . She got her start appearing in the Canadian television series Catwalk , before she played Julia Salinger in the American drama series Party of Five . She has starred in films such as The Craft -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , Wild Things -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , Panic -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , and The Company -LRB- 2003 -RRB- . Campbell has also made guest appearances on several television series , such as Medium , Grey 's Anatomy and Mad Men , as well as a starring role in the fourth and fifth seasons of the critically acclaimed Netflix drama series House of Cards .
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Audree Norton -LRB- January 13 , 1927 -- April 22 , 2015 -RRB- was a deaf actress . She was born in Great Falls , Montana and raised in Minnesota .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Avril Lavigne had a single.
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Avril Ramona Lavigne -LRB- -LSB- ˈævrɪl_ləˈviːn -RSB- -LSB- avʁil laviɲ -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- born 27 September 1984 -RRB- is a Canadian singer-songwriter and actress . By the age of 15 , she had appeared on stage with Shania Twain ; by 16 , she had signed a two-album recording contract with Arista Records worth more than $ 2 million . In 2002 she released her debut album , Let Go , emphasising a skate punk persona in which she has been often referred by critics and music publications as The `` Pop Punk Queen '' due to her achievement and impact in the industry . Lavigne is considered a key musician in the development of pop punk music since she paved the way for female-driven punk-influenced pop music . Since her professional debut , Lavigne has sold more than 40 million albums and over 50 million singles worldwide making her the 2nd best selling Canadian Female Artist of all time , only behind Celine Dion . Let Go made Lavigne the youngest female soloist to reach number 1 in the UK . As of 2013 , it has sold nearly 7 million copies in the United States and over 20 million copies worldwide . Her breakthrough single , `` Complicated '' , peaked at number 1 in many countries around the world , as did the album Let Go . Her second studio album , Under My Skin , was released in May 2004 and was her first album to peak at number 1 on the US Billboard 200 , eventually selling more than 12 million copies worldwide . The Best Damn Thing , Lavigne 's third album , was released in April 2007 , becoming her third number 1 album in the UK Albums Chart and featuring her first US Billboard Hot 100 number 1 single , `` Girlfriend '' . Lavigne has scored six number-one singles worldwide , including `` Complicated '' , `` Sk8er Boi '' , `` I 'm with You '' , `` My Happy Ending '' , `` Nobody 's Home '' , and `` Girlfriend '' . Lavigne is one of the top-selling artists releasing albums in the US , with over 12 million copies certified by the RIAA . Her fourth studio album , Goodbye Lullaby , was released in March 2011 . Goodbye Lullaby gave Lavigne her fourth top 10 album on the US Billboard 200 and the UK Albums Chart and her third number 1 album in both Japan and Australia . Three months after the release of Goodbye Lullaby , Lavigne began work on her eponymously titled fifth studio album , which was released by Epic Records on 1 November 2013 following her departure from RCA Records in 2011 . Lavigne took a break from recording music , pursuing careers in feature film acting and designing clothes and perfumes . She voiced Heather , a Virginia opossum , in the animated film Over the Hedge in 2006 . That same year , she made her on-screen feature film debut in Fast Food Nation . In 2008 , Lavigne introduced her clothing line , Abbey Dawn , and in 2009 she released her first perfume , Black Star , which was followed by Forbidden Rose in 2010 , and Wild Rose in 2011 . In July 2006 , Lavigne married her boyfriend of two years , Deryck Whibley , lead singer and guitarist for Sum 41 . The marriage lasted four years . In October 2009 , Lavigne filed for divorce . Whibley and Lavigne continued to work together , with Whibley producing her fourth album , as well as Lavigne 's single `` Alice '' , written for Tim Burton 's film Alice in Wonderland .
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`` Salvation '' is a single by British singer-songwriter Gabrielle Aplin . It was released as the fifth single from her debut studio album English Rain -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . The song was released in the United Kingdom as a digital download on 12 January 2014 through Parlophone . The song peaked to number 122 on the UK Singles Chart , the song has also peaked to number 60 in Australia . The song was featured in the second trailer to the 2015 animated movie The Little Prince . A remix with HEYHEY was released on 12 February 2016 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Wolf of Wall Street was a 2013 film.
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The Wolf of Wall Street is a 2013 American biographical black comedy crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . The screenplay by Terence Winter is adapted from the memoir of the same name by Jordan Belfort and recounts Belfort 's perspective on his career as a stockbroker in New York City and how his firm Stratton Oakmont engaged in rampant corruption and fraud on Wall Street that ultimately led to his downfall . Leonardo DiCaprio -LRB- who also co-produced the film -RRB- stars as Belfort , with Jonah Hill as his business partner and friend Donnie Azoff , Margot Robbie as his second wife Naomi Lapaglia and Kyle Chandler as Patrick Denham , the FBI agent who tries to bring him down . Matthew McConaughey , Rob Reiner , Jon Favreau , Joanna Lumley and Jean Dujardin are also featured . The film marks the director 's fifth collaboration with DiCaprio , after Gangs of New York -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , The Aviator -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , The Departed -LRB- 2006 -RRB- and Shutter Island -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , as well as his second collaboration with Winter after the television series Boardwalk Empire -LRB- 2010 -- 14 -RRB- . The Wolf of Wall Street premiered in New York City on December 17 , 2013 and was released theatrically on December 25 , 2013 in the United States , distributed by Paramount Pictures . The film was the first to be released entirely through digital distribution . It was a major commercial success , grossing more than $ 392 million worldwide during its original theatrical run to become Scorsese 's highest-grossing movie and the 17th-highest-grossing film of 2013 . The film was controversial for its morally ambiguous depiction of events , explicit sexual content , profanity , depiction of hard drug use and the use of animals during production . The film also caused controversy due to revelations that it was financed by illegally obtained funds from 1Malaysia Development Berhad -LRB- 1MDB -RRB- . The film received mostly positive reviews from critics , with praise for Scorsese 's direction , the comedic performance of DiCaprio and the fast-paced and consistent humor . The film was nominated for several awards including five nominations at the 86th Academy Awards ceremony : Best Picture , Best Director for Scorsese , Best Writing -LRB- Adapted Screenplay -RRB- for Winter and Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor nominations for DiCaprio and Hill , respectively . The film did not win in any category , although DiCaprio did win Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy at the 71st Golden Globe Awards , where the film was also nominated for Best Picture -- Musical or Comedy . It was also recognized by numerous other awards ceremonies , as well as guilds and critics ' associations . The word `` fuck '' and its numerous conjugations are said between 506 and 569 times , making this the film with the most uses of the word in a mainstream , non-documentary film .
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Never Cry Wolf is a 1983 American drama film directed by Carroll Ballard . The film is an adaptation of Farley Mowat 's 1963 autobiography Never Cry Wolf and stars Charles Martin Smith as a government biologist sent into the wilderness to study the caribou population , whose decline is believed to be caused by wolves , even though no one has seen a wolf kill a caribou . The film also features Brian Dennehy and Zachary Ittimangnaq . It was the first Disney film to be released under the new Walt Disney Pictures label . The film has been credited as being responsible for the establishment of Touchstone Pictures , which was created by the Walt Disney Studios a year after the film 's release . In the early 1980s , Walt Disney Pictures , under the guidance of Walt Disney 's son-in-law Ron W. Miller , was experimenting with more mature plot material in its films , drawing controversy regarding its traditional family-friendly image being affected . The narration for the film was written by Charles Martin Smith , Eugene Corr and Christina Luescher .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Katrina Kaif appeared in Dhoom 3 (2013).
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Katrina Kaif -LRB- -LSB- kəˈʈriːnaː ˈkɛːf -RSB- , born Katrina Turquotte , 16 July 1983 -RRB- is a British film actress and model known for her work in Indian films . She has appeared primarily in Hindi films , as well as Telugu and Malayalam films . In addition to being one of Bollywood 's highest-paid actresses , she is considered one of India 's most attractive celebrities by media . Born in Hong Kong , Kaif and her family lived in several countries before she moved to London . She received her first modelling assignment as a teenager and later pursued a career as a fashion model . At a fashion show in London , filmmaker Kaizad Gustad spotted Kaif and decided to cast her in Boom -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , a critical and commercial failure . While filming in India , Kaif received modelling assignments and established a successful modelling career . However , filmmakers were hesitant to cast her due to her poor command of Hindi . After appearing in the Telugu film , Malliswari -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Kaif earned commercial success in Bollywood with the romantic comedies Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya ? -LRB- 2005 -RRB- and Namastey London -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . She followed with a series of box-office hits , but was criticised for her acting , repetitive roles and inclination to male-dominated films . Kaif 's performance in the 2009 terrorism drama New York was better received , earning her a Filmfare Award for Best Actress nomination . After roles in Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , Raajneeti -LRB- 2010 -RRB- and Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , she received her second Filmfare nomination for her performance in Mere Brother Ki Dulhan -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . Kaif featured in the thrillers Ek Tha Tiger -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and Dhoom 3 -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , both of which rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time . Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics for her acting prowess , she has established herself as a commercially successful actress of Hindi cinema . In addition to acting , Kaif is involved with her mother 's charity and participates in stage shows . She is guarded about her personal life , which is a subject of media scrutiny , as is her background .
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Dhool is a 2011 Indian Kannada language romantic action film written and directed by Dharani , son of director M. S. Rajashekar making his directorial debut . The film was produced by M. H. Sunil . The film stars Yogesh , Aindrita Ray and Prakash Raj in the lead roles . It was a remake of Tamil hit film , Thiruvilaiyaadal Aarambam directed by Boopathy Pandian and starring Dhanush and Shriya Saran . Prakash Raj reprised his own role from the original version . The film features the soundtrack and original scores composed by V. Harikrishna . , Thiruvilaiyaadal Aarambam was dubbed in Hindi as Super Khiladi Returns and also remade in Telgu as Takkari -LRB- dubbed in Hindi as Meri Ladai -RRB- . The film stars Nitin and Sadha . The film released on 29 April 2011 across Karnataka to positive response . However critics noted that the remake version could not match up to its original Tamil version . Movie was also dubbed in Hindi as Dildaar .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Andrew Garfield was born on August 20, 1983.
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Andrew Russell Garfield -LRB- born 20 August 1983 -RRB- is a British-American actor . Born in Los Angeles and raised in Epsom , Surrey , Garfield began his career on the UK stage and in television productions . He made his feature-film debut in the 2007 ensemble drama Lions for Lambs . Garfield first came to international attention in 2010 with supporting roles in the drama films The Social Network , for which he received Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations for his portrayal of Eduardo Saverin , and Never Let Me Go , for which he received a Saturn Award and another BAFTA nomination . Garfield subsequently received praise for his performance as the title character in the 2012 superhero film The Amazing Spider-Man . He has also performed on stage , playing Biff in the 2012 Mike Nichols directed Broadway revival of Arthur Miller 's Death of a Salesman , which earned him a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actor in a Play . In 2015 , he co-produced and starred in the thriller-drama 99 Homes . In 2016 , Garfield starred in two critically acclaimed historical dramas , Mel Gibson 's Hacksaw Ridge and Martin Scorsese 's Silence . His portrayal of Desmond T. Doss in the former earned him nominations for the Academy Award , Golden Globe Award , BAFTA and SAG Award for Best Actor .
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James Garfield -LRB- 1831 -- 1881 -RRB- was the 20th President of the United States . James Garfield may also refer to : James Rudolph Garfield -LRB- 1865 -- 1950 -RRB- , son of the President James A. Garfield High School -LRB- Garrettsville , Ohio -RRB- James A. Garfield School , a building in Detroit , Michigan James A. Garfield -LRB- ship -RRB-
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.India is a country.
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India , officially the Republic of India -LRB- Bhārat Gaṇarājya '' -RRB- , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country -LRB- with over 1.2 billion people -RRB- , and the most populous democracy in the world . It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast . It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the northeast ; and Myanmar -LRB- Burma -RRB- and Bangladesh to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives . India 's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE . In the following millennium , the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed . Social stratification , based on caste , emerged in the first millennium BCE , and Buddhism and Jainism arose . Early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires ; the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as southeast Asia . In the medieval era , Judaism , Zoroastrianism , Christianity , and Islam arrived , and Sikhism emerged , all adding to the region 's diverse culture . Much of the north fell to the Delhi sultanate ; the south was united under the Vijayanagara Empire . The economy expanded in the 17th century in the Mughal Empire . In the mid-18th century , the subcontinent came under British East India Company rule , and in the mid-19th under British crown rule . A nationalist movement emerged in the late 19th century , which later , under Mahatma Gandhi , was noted for nonviolent resistance and led to India 's independence in 1947 . In 2015 , the Indian economy was the world 's seventh largest by nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity . Following market-based economic reforms in 1991 , India became one of the fastest-growing major economies and is considered a newly industrialised country . However , it continues to face the challenges of poverty , corruption , malnutrition , and inadequate public healthcare . A nuclear weapons state and regional power , it has the third largest standing army in the world and ranks fifth in military expenditure among nations . India is a federal republic governed under a parliamentary system and consists of 29 states and 7 union territories . It is a pluralistic , multilingual and multi-ethnic society and is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats .
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The Indian subcontinent or the subcontinent , also called the Indian continent , is a southern region of Asia , mostly situated on the Indian Plate and projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas . Geologically , the Indian subcontinent is related to the land mass that rifted from Gondwana and merged with the Eurasian plate nearly 55 million years ago . Geographically , it is the peninsular region in south-central Asia delineated by the Himalayas in the north , the Hindu Kush in the west , and the Arakanese in the east . Politically , the Indian subcontinent usually includes Bangladesh , Bhutan , India , Maldives , Nepal , Pakistan and Sri Lanka . Sometimes , the term South Asia is used interchangeably with Indian subcontinent . There is no consensus about which countries should be included in each .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.George R. R. Martin wrote the book A Song of Ice and Fire.
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A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin . He began the first volume of the series , A Game of Thrones , in 1991 and had it published in 1996 . Martin , who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy , has published five out of a planned seven volumes . The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011 , A Dance with Dragons , took Martin five years to write . He is still writing the sixth novel , The Winds of Winter . A Song of Ice and Fire takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos . The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine , in the first novel , to thirty-one by the fifth . Three main stories interweave a dynastic war among several families for control of Westeros , the rising threat of the supernatural Others in the northernmost reaches of Westeros , and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen , the deposed king 's exiled daughter , to assume the Iron Throne . Martin 's inspirations included the Wars of the Roses and the French historical novels The Accursed Kings by Maurice Druon . A Song of Ice and Fire received praise for its diverse portrayal of women and religion , as well as its realism . An assortment of disparate and subjective points of view confronts the reader , and the success or survival of point of view characters is never assured . Within the often morally ambiguous world of A Song of Ice and Fire , questions concerning loyalty , pride , human sexuality , piety , and the morality of violence frequently arise . As of April 2015 , the books have sold more than 60 million copies worldwide and , as of January 2017 , have been translated into 47 languages . The fourth and fifth volumes reached the top of The New York Times Best Seller lists upon their releases . Among the many derived works are several prequel novellas , a TV series , a comic book adaptation , and several card , board , and video games .
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Knife of Dreams is a fantasy novel by American author Robert Jordan , the eleventh book in his series The Wheel of Time . It was published by Tor Books in the U.S. and Orbit in the UK and released on October 11 , 2005 . Upon its release , it immediately rose to the # 1 position on the New York Times hardcover fiction bestseller list , making it the fourth consecutive Wheel of Time book to reach the # 1 position on that list . Knife of Dreams is 784 pages long , including a glossary . It has a prologue , 37 chapters , and an epilogue .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.World War II was not fought between the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers.
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World War II -LRB- often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 -RRB- , also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945 , although related conflicts began earlier . It involved the vast majority of the world 's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread war in history , and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries . In a state of `` total war '' , the major participants threw their entire economic , industrial , and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources . Marked by mass deaths of civilians , including the Holocaust -LRB- in which approximately 11 million people were killed -RRB- and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres -LRB- in which approximately one million were killed , and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki -RRB- , it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities . These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history . The Empire of Japan aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific and was already at war with the Republic of China in 1937 , but the world war is generally said to have begun on 1 September 1939 with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and the United Kingdom . Supplied by the Soviet Union , from late 1939 to early 1941 , in a series of campaigns and treaties , Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe , and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan . Under the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939 , Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours , Poland , Finland , Romania and the Baltic states . The war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the coalition of the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth , with campaigns including the North Africa and East Africa campaigns , the aerial Battle of Britain , the Blitz bombing campaign , the Balkan Campaign as well as the long-running Battle of the Atlantic . On 22 June 1941 , the European Axis powers launched an invasion of the Soviet Union , opening the largest land theatre of war in history , which trapped the major part of the Axis ' military forces into a war of attrition . In December 1941 , Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean , and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific . The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway , near Hawaii , and Germany was defeated in North Africa and then , decisively , at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union . In 1943 , with a series of German defeats on the Eastern Front , the Allied invasion of Sicily and the Allied invasion of Italy which brought about Italian surrender , and Allied victories in the Pacific , the Axis lost the initiative and undertook strategic retreat on all fronts . In 1944 , the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France , while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies . During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma , while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy and captured key Western Pacific islands . The war in Europe concluded with an invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union , culminating in the capture of Berlin by Soviet troops and the subsequent German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945 . Following the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July 1945 and the refusal of Japan to surrender under its terms , the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 August and 9 August respectively . With an invasion of the Japanese archipelago imminent , the possibility of additional atomic bombings , and the Soviet Union 's declaration of war on Japan and invasion of Manchuria , Japan surrendered on 15 August 1945 . Thus ended the war in Asia , cementing the total victory of the Allies . World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world . The United Nations -LRB- UN -RRB- was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts . The victorious great powers -- the United States , the Soviet Union , China , the United Kingdom , and France -- became the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council . The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers , setting the stage for the Cold War , which lasted for the next 46 years . Meanwhile , the influence of European great powers waned , while the decolonisation of Asia and Africa began . Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery . Political integration , especially in Europe , emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities and to create a common identity .
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During World War I , the German Empire was one of the Central Powers that lost the war . It began participation in the conflict after the declaration of war against Serbia by its ally , Austria-Hungary . German forces fought the Allies on both the eastern and western fronts , although German territory itself remained relatively safe from widespread invasion for most of the war , except for a brief period in 1914 when East Prussia was invaded . A tight blockade imposed by the Royal Navy caused severe food shortages in the cities , especially in the winter of 1916 -- 17 , known as the Turnip Winter . At the end of the war , Germany 's defeat and widespread popular discontent triggered the German Revolution of 1918 -- 19 which overthrew the monarchy and established the Weimar Republic .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Quentin Tarantino had no involvement with My Best Friend's Birthday.
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Quentin Jerome Tarantino -LRB- -LSB- ˌtærənˈtiːnoʊ -RSB- born March 27 , 1963 -RRB- is an American director , writer , and actor . His films are characterized by nonlinear storylines , satirical subject matter , an aestheticization of violence , extended scenes of dialogue , ensemble casts consisting of established and lesser-known performers , references to popular culture , soundtracks primarily containing songs and score pieces from the 1960s to the 1980s , and features of neo-noir film . He is widely considered one of the greatest filmmakers of his generation . His career began in the late 1980s , when he wrote and directed My Best Friend 's Birthday , the screenplay of which formed the basis for True Romance . In the early 1990s , he began his career as an independent filmmaker with the release of Reservoir Dogs in 1992 ; regarded as a classic and cult hit , it was called the `` Greatest Independent Film of All Time '' by Empire . Its popularity was boosted by his second film , Pulp Fiction -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , a black comedy crime film that was a major success both among critics and audiences . Judged the greatest film from 1983 -- 2008 by Entertainment Weekly , many critics and scholars have named it one of the most significant works of modern cinema . For his next effort , Tarantino paid homage to the blaxploitation films of the 1970s with Jackie Brown -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , an adaptation of the novel Rum Punch . Kill Bill , a highly stylized `` revenge flick '' in the cinematic traditions of Kung fu films , Japanese martial arts , Spaghetti Westerns and Italian horror , followed six years later , and was released as two films : Volume 1 in 2003 and Volume 2 in 2004 . Tarantino directed Death Proof -LRB- 2007 -RRB- as part of a double feature with friend Robert Rodriguez , under the collective title Grindhouse . His long-postponed Inglourious Basterds , which tells the fictional alternate history story of two plots to assassinate Nazi Germany 's political leadership , was released in 2009 to positive reviews . After that came 2012 's critically acclaimed Django Unchained , a Western film set in the antebellum era of the Deep South . It became the highest-grossing film of his career so far , making over $ 425 million at the box office . His eighth film , the mystery Western The Hateful Eight , was released in its roadshow version December 25 , 2015 , in 70 mm film format , complete with opening `` overture '' and halfway-point intermission , after the fashion of big-budget films of the 1960s and early 1970s . Tarantino 's films have garnered both critical and commercial success . He has received many industry awards , including two Academy Awards , two Golden Globe Awards , two BAFTA Awards and the Palme d'Or , and has been nominated for an Emmy and a Grammy . He was named one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World by Time in 2005 . Filmmaker and historian Peter Bogdanovich has called him `` the single most influential director of his generation '' . In December 2015 , Tarantino received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the film industry .
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`` The One with the Apothecary Table '' is the eleventh episode of the sixth season of the American television situation comedy Friends , which was broadcast on NBC on January 6 , 2000 . The plot concerns Rachel -LRB- Jennifer Aniston -RRB- buying an apothecary table from Pottery Barn and trying to keep roommate Phoebe -LRB- Lisa Kudrow -RRB- from finding out that she bought it from a chain store . The episode was directed by Kevin S. Bright , written by Brian Boyle -LRB- from a story by Zachary Rosenblatt -RRB- and guest-stars Elle Macpherson in her final appearance as recurring character Janine Lecroix . The episode and producers attracted criticism for the blatant product placement present in the story .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Leslie Groves only directed a project that solely developed artificial intelligence during World War II.
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Lieutenant General Leslie Richard Groves Jr. -LRB- 17 August 1896 -- 13 July 1970 -RRB- was a United States Army Corps of Engineers officer who oversaw the construction of the Pentagon and directed the Manhattan Project , a top secret research project that developed the atomic bomb during World War II . As the son of a United States Army chaplain , Groves lived at a number of Army posts during his childhood . He graduated fourth in his class at the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1918 and was commissioned into the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers . In 1929 , he went to Nicaragua as part of an expedition whose purpose was to conduct a survey for the Inter-Oceanic Nicaragua Canal . Following the 1931 Nicaragua earthquake , Groves took over responsibility for Managua 's water supply system , for which he was awarded the Nicaraguan Presidential Medal of Merit . He attended the Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth , Kansas , in 1935 and 1936 , and the Army War College in 1938 and 1939 , after which he was posted to the War Department General Staff . In 1940 Groves , who `` had a reputation as a doer , a driver , and a stickler for duty '' , became special assistant for construction to the Quartermaster General , tasked with inspecting construction sites and checking on their progress . In August 1941 , he was given responsibility for the gigantic office complex to house the War Department 's 40,000 staff which would ultimately become the Pentagon . In September 1942 , Groves took charge of the Manhattan Project . He was involved in most aspects of the atomic bomb 's development . He participated in the selection of sites for research and production at Oak Ridge , Tennessee ; Los Alamos , New Mexico ; and Hanford , Washington . He directed the enormous construction effort , made critical decisions on the various methods of isotope separation , acquired raw materials , directed the collection of military intelligence on the German nuclear energy project and helped select the cities in Japan that were chosen as targets . Groves wrapped the Manhattan Project in security but failed to prevent the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from conducting a successful espionage program that stole some of its most important secrets . After the war , Groves remained in charge of the Manhattan Project until responsibility for nuclear weapons production was handed over to the United States Atomic Energy Commission in 1947 . He then headed the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project , which had been created to control the military aspects of nuclear weapons . He was given a dressing down by the Chief of Staff of the United States Army , General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower , and told that he would never be appointed Chief of Engineers . Three days later , Groves announced his intention to leave the Army . He was promoted to lieutenant general just before his retirement on 29 February 1948 in recognition of his leadership of the bomb program . By a special Act of Congress , his date of rank was backdated to 16 July 1945 , the date of the Trinity nuclear test . He went on to become a vice-president at Sperry Rand .
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Air Warning Squadron 2 -LRB- AWS-2 -RRB- was a United States Marine Corps aviation command and control squadron during World War II . The squadron was tasked to provide aerial surveillance and early warning during amphibious assaults . They took part in the Battle of Guam in 1944 and would eventually move to Peleliu in 1945 assuming responsibility for air defense in that sector until the end of the war .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.There is a global city called Taipei.
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Taipei -LRB- -LSB- ˌtaɪˈpeɪ -RSB- -RRB- , officially known as Taipei City , is the capital city and a special municipality of Taiwan . Sitting at the northern tip of the island , Taipei City is an enclave of the municipality of New Taipei City . It is about 25 km southwest of the northern port city Keelung . Most of the city is located on the Taipei Basin , an ancient lakebed bounded by the two relatively narrow valleys of the Keelung and Xindian rivers , which join to form the Tamsui River along the city 's western border . Taipei has been the capital of the ROC since 1949 , when the Kuomintang lost the mainland to the Communists in the Chinese Civil War . The city proper is home to an estimated population of 2,704,810 in 2015 , forming the core part of the Taipei -- Keelung metropolitan area which includes the nearby cities of New Taipei and Keelung with a population of 7,047,559 , the 40th most-populous urban area in the world -- roughly one-third of Taiwanese citizens live in the metro district . The name `` Taipei '' can refer either to the whole metropolitan area or the city proper . Taipei is the political , economic , educational , and cultural center of Taiwan , and one of the major hubs of the Chinese-speaking world . Considered to be a global city , Taipei is part of a major high-tech industrial area . Railways , high-speed rail , highways , airports , and bus lines connect Taipei with all parts of the island . The city is served by two airports -- Taipei Songshan and Taiwan Taoyuan . Taipei is home to various world-famous architectural or cultural landmarks which include Taipei 101 , Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall , Dalongdong Baoan Temple , Hsing Tian Kong , Lungshan Temple of Manka , National Palace Museum , Presidential Office Building , Taipei Guest House , Ximending , and several night markets dispersing over the city . Its natural features such as Maokong , Yangmingshan , and hot springs are also well known to international visitors . As the capital city , `` Taipei '' is sometimes used as a synecdoche for Taiwan . Due to the ongoing controversy over the political status of Taiwan , the name Chinese Taipei is designated for official use when Taiwanese governmental representatives or national teams participate in some international organizations or international sporting events -LRB- which may require UN statehood -RRB- in order to avoid extensive political controversy by using other names .
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Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario . With a population of 2,731,571 , it is the fourth most populous city in North America after Mexico City , New York City , and Los Angeles . Toronto is the centre of the Greater Toronto Area -LRB- GTA -RRB- , the most populous metropolitan area in Canada , and anchors the Golden Horseshoe , a heavily urbanized region that is home to 9.2 million people , or over 26 % of the population of Canada . A global city , Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . Aboriginal peoples have inhabited the area now known as Toronto for thousands of years . The city itself is situated on the southern terminus of an ancient Aboriginal trail leading north to Lake Simcoe , used by the Wyandot , Iroquois , and the Mississauga . Permanent European settlement began in the 1790s , after the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase of 1787 , when the Mississaugas surrendered the area to the British Crown . The British established the town of York , and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by U.S. troops . York was renamed and incorporated as the city of Toronto in 1834 , and became the capital of the province of Ontario during Canadian Confederation in 1867 . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities at various times in its history to its current area of 630.2 km2 . Located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario , Toronto is situated on a broad sloping plateau intersected by an extensive network of rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , with 140 independently unique and clearly defined official neighbourhoods making up the city . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada , with nearly 50 % of residents belonging to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins represented among its inhabitants . While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language , there are over 160 different languages spoken in the city . Toronto is a prominent centre for music , theatre , motion picture production , and television production , and is home to the headquarters of Canada 's major national broadcast networks and media outlets . Its varied cultural institutions , which include numerous museums and galleries , festivals and public events , entertainment districts , national historic sites , and sports activities , attract over 25 million tourists each year . Toronto is known for its many skyscrapers and high-rise buildings , in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere , the CN Tower . As Canada 's commercial capital , the city is home to the Toronto Stock Exchange , the headquarters of Canada 's five largest banks , and the headquarters of many large Canadian and multinational corporations . Its economy is highly diversified with strengths in technology , design , financial services , life sciences , education , arts , fashion , business services , environmental innovation , food services , and tourism .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.One fashion model was Hannah Simone.
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Hannah Simone -LRB- born August 3 , 1980 -RRB- is a British-Canadian television host , actress , and former fashion model . From May 2006 to November 2008 , she worked as a VJ for MuchMusic in Canada , and is best known for portraying Cece Parekh on the Fox sitcom New Girl .
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Hannah Marshall may refer to : Hannah Marshall -LRB- fashion designer -RRB- , fashion designer from London Hannah Marshall -LRB- actress -RRB- , New Zealand actress , in Diplomatic Immunity -LRB- New Zealand TV series -RRB- and Beth Wilson in the soap Shortland Street
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Linda Schuyler is North American.
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Linda Schuyler , -LRB- née Bawcutt ; born in 1948 in London , England -RRB- is a Canadian television producer involved in the creation and production of the Degrassi series and Instant Star series of teen programs .
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Linda Carol Hsieh-Wilson is an American chemist . She is known for her work in chemical neurobiology and is currently a professor of chemistry at the California Institute of Technology . She is also a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator and an adjunct professor at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California , Los Angeles .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Aruba is in the Mediterranean.
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Aruba -LRB- -LSB- əˈruːbə -RSB- ; -LSB- aːˈrubaː -RSB- -RRB- is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the southern Caribbean Sea , located about 1600 km west of the main part of the Lesser Antilles and 29 km north of the coast of Venezuela . It measures 32 km long from its northwestern to its southeastern end and 10 km across at its widest point . Together with Bonaire and Curaçao , Aruba forms a group referred to as the ABC islands . Collectively , Aruba and the other Dutch islands in the Caribbean are often called the Dutch Caribbean . Aruba is one of the four countries that form the Kingdom of the Netherlands , along with the Netherlands , Curaçao and Sint Maarten . The citizens of these countries all share a single nationality : Dutch . Aruba has no administrative subdivisions , but , for census purposes , is divided into eight regions . Its capital is Oranjestad . Unlike much of the Caribbean region , Aruba has a dry climate and an arid , cactus-strewn landscape . This climate has helped tourism as visitors to the island can reliably expect warm , sunny weather . It has a land area of 179 km2 and is densely populated , with a total of 102,484 inhabitants at the 2010 Census . It lies outside Hurricane Alley .
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The Dr. Horacio E. Oduber Hospital -LRB- abbreviated as HOH -RRB- is a 320-bed Catholic hospital on the island of Aruba , founded in 1976 by the non-profit foundation Stichting Ziekenverpleging Aruba . It is the only hospital on the island of approximately 120,000 inhabitants .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Keanu Reeves has a star.
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Keanu Charles Reeves -LRB- -LSB- kiːˈɑːnuː -RSB- ; born September 2 , 1964 -RRB- is a Canadian actor , director , producer , and musician . Reeves is best known for his acting career , beginning in 1985 and spanning more than three decades . He gained fame for his starring role performances in several blockbuster films including comedies from the Bill and Ted franchise -LRB- 1989 -- 1991 -RRB- ; action thrillers Point Break -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , Speed -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , and the John Wick franchise ; psychological thriller The Devil 's Advocate -LRB- 1997 -RRB- ; supernatural thriller Constantine -LRB- 2005 -RRB- ; and science fiction/action series The Matrix -LRB- 1999 -- 2003 -RRB- . He has also appeared in dramatic films such as Dangerous Liaisons -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , My Own Private Idaho -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , and Little Buddha -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , as well as the romantic horror Bram Stoker 's Dracula -LRB- 1992 -RRB- . Since becoming active in the film industry , Reeves has earned critical acclaim . One New York Times critic praised Reeves ' versatility , saying that he `` displays considerable discipline and range ... he moves easily between the buttoned-down demeanor that suits a police procedural story and the loose-jointed manner of his comic roles '' . However , Reeves has spent much of his later career being typecast . A recurring character arc in many roles he has portrayed is one of saving the world , as can be seen in the characters of Ted Logan , Buddha , Neo , Johnny Mnemonic , John Constantine , and Klaatu . His acting has garnered several awards , including a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . During his film career , Reeves has engaged in several forms of artistic expression . Active as a musician for over a decade , he played bass guitar for the bands Dogstar and Becky . Acting onstage , he performed as Prince Hamlet for the Manitoba Theatre Centre 's production of Hamlet . He wrote the text for a picture book , Ode to Happiness , illustrated by Alexandra Grant . He has also produced a documentary , Side by Side , and directed the martial arts film Man of Tai Chi .
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Ze'ev Revach -LRB- born 1940 -RRB- is an Israeli comedian , movie actor , and director . He is a star of the Israeli movie genre known as bourekas films .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Bruce Willis is an American actor.
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Walter Bruce Willis -LRB- born March 19 , 1955 -RRB- is an American actor , producer , and singer . His career began on the Off-Broadway stage and then in television in the 1980s , most notably as David Addison in Moonlighting -LRB- 1985 -- 1989 -RRB- . He is known for his role of John McClane in the Die Hard series . He has appeared in over 60 films , including Color of Night -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , Pulp Fiction -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , 12 Monkeys -LRB- 1995 -RRB- , The Fifth Element -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , Armageddon -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , The Sixth Sense -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , Unbreakable -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , Sin City -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , Red -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , The Expendables 2 -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , and Looper -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . Willis married actress Demi Moore in 1987 , and they had three daughters , including Rumer , before their divorce in 2000 . Since 2009 , he has been married to model Emma Heming , with whom he has two daughters .
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Brian Cummings -LRB- born March 4 , 1948 -RRB- is an American voice actor . He is known for his voice over work in television shows , movies , video games and commercials .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Futurama has related merchandise.
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Futurama is an American animated science fiction sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series follows the adventures of a late-20th-century New York City pizza delivery boy , Philip J. Fry , who , after being unwittingly cryogenically frozen for one thousand years , finds employment at Planet Express , an interplanetary delivery company in the retro-futuristic 31st century . The series was envisioned by Groening in the mid-1990s while working on The Simpsons ; he later brought David X. Cohen aboard to develop storylines and characters to pitch the show to Fox . In the United States , the series aired on Fox from March 28 , 1999 , to August 10 , 2003 , before ceasing production . Futurama also aired in reruns on Cartoon Network 's Adult Swim from 2003 to 2007 , until the network 's contract expired . It was revived in 2007 as four direct-to-video films ; the last of which was released in early 2009 . Comedy Central entered into an agreement with 20th Century Fox Television to syndicate the existing episodes and air the films as 16 new , half-hour episodes , constituting a fifth season . In June 2009 , producing studio 20th Century Fox announced that Comedy Central had picked up the show for 26 new half-hour episodes , which began airing in 2010 and 2011 . The show was renewed for a seventh season , with the first half airing in June 2012 and the second set for mid-2013 . It was later revealed that the seventh season would be the final season , as Comedy Central announced that they would not be commissioning any further episodes . The series finale aired on September 4 , 2013 . While Groening has said he will try to get it picked up by another network , David X. Cohen stated that the episode `` Meanwhile '' would be the last episode of season 7 and also the series finale . Throughout its run , Futurama has received critical acclaim . The show has been nominated for 17 Annie Awards and 12 Emmy Awards , winning seven of the former and six of the latter . It has also been nominated four times for a Writers Guild of America Award , winning two for the episodes `` Godfellas '' and `` The Prisoner of Benda '' , been nominated for a Nebula Award and has received Environmental Media Awards for episodes `` The Problem with Popplers '' and `` The Futurama Holiday Spectacular '' . Futurama-related merchandise has also been released , including a tie-in comic book series and video game , calendars , clothes and figurines . In 2013 , TV Guide ranked Futurama as one of the top 60 Greatest TV Cartoons of All Time .
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, also known as Makuranodanshi , is a Japanese anime television series produced by Assez Finaud Fabric and feel . It began airing in Japan on 13 July 2015 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.2001: A Space Odyssey was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
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2001 : A Space Odyssey is a 1968 epic science-fiction film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick . The screenplay was written by Kubrick and Arthur C. Clarke , partially inspired by Clarke 's short story `` The Sentinel '' . Clarke concurrently wrote the novel 2001 : A Space Odyssey , published soon after the film was released . The film follows a voyage to Jupiter with the sentient computer Hal after the discovery of a mysterious black monolith affecting human evolution . It deals with the themes of existentialism , human evolution , technology , artificial intelligence , and extraterrestrial life . It is noted for its scientifically accurate depiction of space flight , pioneering special effects , and ambiguous imagery . It uses sound and minimal dialogue in place of traditional narrative techniques ; the soundtrack consists of classical music such as Gayane Ballet Suite , The Blue Danube , Also sprach Zarathustra , and pieces from contemporary composer György Ligeti . 2001 : A Space Odyssey was financed and distributed by American studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , but it was filmed and edited almost entirely in England using the studio facilities of the MGM-British Studios and those of Shepperton Studios , mostly because of the availability of much larger sound stages than in the United States . Production was subcontracted to Kubrick 's production company , and care was taken that the film would be sufficiently British to qualify for subsidy from the Eady Levy . Kubrick had shot his previous two films in England and decided to settle there permanently during filming . 2001 : A Space Odyssey initially received mixed reactions from critics and audiences , but it garnered a cult following and slowly became the highest-grossing North American film of 1968 . It was nominated for four Academy Awards and received one for its visual effects . The sequel 2010 was released in 1984 , directed by Peter Hyams . Today , 2001 : A Space Odyssey is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential films ever made . In 1991 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . The critics ' polls in the 2002 and 2012 editions of Sight & Sound magazine ranked 2001 : A Space Odyssey sixth in the top ten films of all time ; it also tied for second place in the directors ' poll of the same magazine . In 2010 , it was named the greatest film of all time by The Moving Arts Film Journal .
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is a 2001 Japanese film directed by Hideyuki Hirayama .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Lion King is about lions.
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The Lion King is a 1994 American animated epic musical film , produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures . It is the 32nd Disney animated feature film . The story takes place in a kingdom of lions in Africa and was influenced by William Shakespeare 's Hamlet . The film was produced during a period known as the Disney Renaissance . The Lion King was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff , produced by Don Hahn , and has a screenplay credited to Irene Mecchi , Jonathan Roberts , and Linda Woolverton . Its original songs were written by composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice , and original scores were written by Hans Zimmer . The film features an ensemble voice cast that includes Matthew Broderick , James Earl Jones , Jeremy Irons , Jonathan Taylor Thomas , Moira Kelly , Nathan Lane , Ernie Sabella , Rowan Atkinson , Robert Guillaume , Madge Sinclair , Whoopi Goldberg , Cheech Marin , and Jim Cummings . The Lion King tells the story of Simba , a young lion who is to succeed his father , Mufasa , as King of the Pride Lands ; however , after Simba 's uncle Scar murders Mufasa , Simba is manipulated into thinking he was responsible and flees into exile . Upon maturation living with two wastrels , Simba is given some valuable perspective from his childhood friend , Nala , and his shaman , Rafiki , before returning to challenge Scar to end his tyranny and take his place in the Circle of Life as the rightful King . Development of The Lion King began in 1988 during a meeting between Jeffrey Katzenberg , Roy E. Disney , and Peter Schneider while promoting Oliver & Company in Europe . Thomas Disch wrote a film treatment , and Woolverton developed the first scripts while George Scribner was signed on as director , being later joined by Allers . Production began in 1991 concurrently with Pocahontas , which wound up attracting most of Disney 's top animators . Some time after the staff traveled to Hell 's Gate National Park in Kenya to research on the film 's setting and animals , Scribner left production disagreeing with the decision to turn the film into a musical and was replaced by Minkoff . When Hahn joined the project , he was dissatisfied with the script and the story was promptly rewritten . Nearly 20 minutes of animation sequences were produced at Disney-MGM Studios in Florida . Computer animation was also used in several scenes , most notably in the wildebeest stampede sequence . The Lion King was released on June 15 , 1994 , to a positive reaction from critics , who praised the film for its music , story , and animation ; it finished its theatrical run as the highest-grossing release of 1994 and the second highest-grossing film of all time . The Lion King garnered two Academy Awards for its achievement in music and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy . The film has led to many derived works , such as a Broadway adaptation ; two direct-to-video follow-ups -- the sequel , The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , and the prequel/parallel , The Lion King 1 1/2 -LRB- 2004 -RRB- -- ; two television series , Timon and Pumbaa and The Lion Guard ; and a 3D re-release , in 2011 . In 2016 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A CGI live-action remake of the film is scheduled for a July 19 , 2019 release in the United States .
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The Wind and the Lion is a 1975 MGM adventure film in Panavision and Metrocolor , produced by Herb Jaffe and Phil Rawlins , written and directed by John Milius , that stars Sean Connery , Candice Bergen , Brian Keith , and John Huston . The film was loosely based on the real-life Perdicaris incident of 1904 . The film was distributed in the U. S. by United Artists and overseas by Columbia Pictures . The Wind and the Lion storyline weaves historic facts into a violent fictional adventure in which an American woman , Eden Perdicari , and her two children are kidnapped by Berber brigand Mulai Ahmed er Raisuli , prompting U. S. President Theodore Roosevelt to send an armed invasion force and rescue mission to Morocco . -LRB- The real Perdicaris incident involved the kidnapping of a middle-aged man and his stepson , who were not harmed . -RRB-
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.An award presented annually by American network Univision was won by Jenni Rivera.
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Dolores Janney Rivera Saavedra -LRB- July 2 , 1969 -- December 9 , 2012 -RRB- , better known as Jenni Rivera , was an American singer , songwriter , actress , television producer , spokesperson , philanthropist and entrepreneur known for her work within the Banda and ranchera music genres . In life and death , several media outlets including CNN , Billboard , Fox News , and The New York Times have labeled her as the most important female figure and top selling female artist in the Mexican music genre . Billboard magazine named her the `` top Latin artist of 2013 '' , the `` best selling Latin artist of 2013 '' . Rivera began recording music in 1992 . Her recordings often had themes of social issues , infidelity , and relationships . Rivera released her first studio album , Si Quieres Verme Llorar , in the late 1990s , failing to attain commercial success ; however , she rose to prominence in the United States and Mexico with her major-label debut , Parrandera , Rebelde y Atrevida . In the early 2000s , she was often criticized and was refused bookings at venues across California for performing Banda music -- a male-dominated music genre . However , her popularity grew after she won the Lo Nuestro Award for Regional Mexican Female Artist of the Year in 2007 , which she won nine consecutive times . Her tenth studio album , Jenni -LRB- 2008 -RRB- became her first No. 1 record on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart in the United States . In 2010 , she appeared in and produced the reality TV show Jenni Rivera Presents : Chiquis & Raq-C . She also appeared in and produced I Love Jenni starting in 2011 through 2013 and Chiquis 'n Control in 2012 . Her acting debut was in the film Filly Brown , which was released in 2013 . Rivera garnered nominations and awards from Latin music 's most prestigious accolades . Over the course of her career she was awarded two Oye ! Awards -LRB- Mexico 's equivalent to the United States ' Grammy Awards -RRB- , two Billboard Music Awards , twenty-two Billboard Latin Music Awards , eleven Billboard Mexican Music Awards and eighteen Lo Nuestro Awards . She received four Latin Grammy nominations . She has a star on the Las Vegas Walk of Stars , and she is one of the best-selling regional Mexican artists of all time , having sold more than 20 million records worldwide . Aside from music , she was active in her community and donated her time to civic causes . The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence appointed her its spokesperson in the United States . A proclamation was given `` officially naming '' August 6 `` Jenni Rivera Day '' by the Los Angeles City Council for all her charity work and community involvement . Rivera , along with six others , died in a plane crash near Iturbide , Nuevo León on December 9 , 2012 . Her death made international headlines for weeks . In December 2014 , Mexican authorities closed the investigation on what brought the plane down . Mexican Director of Civil Aviation , Gilberto Gómez Meyer , stated that the results of the plane crash have come back inconclusive and that they are unable to determine the exact cause of the crash . Lawsuits involving the owners of the plane , Rivera 's estate , and family members of those on board with Rivera have been filed in The Superior Court of Los Angeles County .
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Tracee Ellis Ross -LRB- born October 29 , 1972 -RRB- is an American actress , model , comedian , producer and television host . The daughter of actress and legendary Motown recording artist Diana Ross and her ex-husband Robert Ellis Silberstein , Ross began her career acting in independent films , variety series and hosted the pop-culture magazine The Dish on Lifetime . From 2000 to 2008 , she played the leading role as Joan Clayton on the UPN/CW comedy series Girlfriends , for which she received two NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Comedy Series . She also has appeared in films Hanging Up -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , I-See-You . Com -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , and Daddy 's Little Girls -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , before returning to television playing Dr. Carla Reed on the BET sitcom Reed Between the Lines , for which she received her third NAACP Image Award . In 2014 , Ross began starring as Dr. Rainbow Johnson in the ABC comedy series Black-ish . The role brought her three more NAACP Image Awards for Outstanding Actress in a Comedy Series . She has received nominations for a Critics ' Choice Television Award and Primetime Emmy Award and , in 2017 , won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Television Series Musical or Comedy .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Lily James appeared in a work.
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Lily Chloe Ninette Thomson -LRB- born 5 April 1989 -RRB- , known as Lily James , is an English actress . She played Lady Rose Aldridge in the ITV period drama Downton Abbey and the title role in the 2015 Disney film Cinderella . James began her professional acting career as Ethel Brown in the 2010 BBC production Just William . In 2011 and 2012 , she earned warm reviews in several London theatre productions . She began to appear in Hollywood films in 2012 , with roles in Wrath of the Titans and Fast Girls , and was seen in further television roles , including that of Countess Natasha Rostova in the 2016 BBC historical drama series War & Peace .
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Up the Elephant and Round the Castle is a British television sitcom which aired from 1983 to 1985 , starring comedian Jim Davidson , who played the role of Jim London . The show spawned a sequel , Home James ! , which was also made by Thames Television . Home James ran from 1987 to 1990 . Up the Elephant and Round the Castle also gave early exposure to Anita Dobson . The show was made for the ITV network by Thames Television .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Jimmy Carter led an Olympics boycott.
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James Earl Carter Jr. -LRB- born October 1 , 1924 -RRB- is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981 . A member of the Democratic Party , he served as the Governor of Georgia prior to his election as president . Carter has remained active in public life during his post-presidency , and in 2002 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work with the Carter Center . Carter joined the United States Navy after graduating high school , serving on nuclear submarines . He left the Navy in 1953 to return to Georgia , where he worked as a peanut farmer . From 1963 to 1967 , Carter served in the Georgia State Senate . In 1970 , Carter won election as Governor of Georgia , defeating former Governor Carl Sanders in the Democratic primary . He served as governor from 1971 to 1975 . Despite being little-known outside of Georgia at the start of the campaign , Carter won the 1976 Democratic presidential nomination . In the general election , Carter defeated incumbent Republican President Gerald Ford in a relatively close election . On his second day in office , Carter pardoned all evaders of the Vietnam War drafts . During Carter 's term as President , two new cabinet-level departments , the Department of Energy and the Department of Education , were established . He established a national energy policy that included conservation , price control , and new technology . In foreign affairs , Carter pursued the Camp David Accords , the Panama Canal Treaties , the second round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks -LRB- SALT II -RRB- , and the return of the Panama Canal Zone to Panama . On the economic front he confronted persistent `` stagflation '' , a combination of high inflation , high unemployment and slow growth . The end of his presidential tenure was marked by the 1979 -- 1981 Iran hostage crisis , the 1979 energy crisis , the Three Mile Island nuclear accident , and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan . In response to the invasion , Carter ended détente , escalated the Cold War , and led the international boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow . In 1980 , Carter faced a primary challenge from Senator Ted Kennedy , but Carter won re-nomination at the 1980 Democratic National Convention . Carter lost the general election in an electoral landslide to Republican nominee Ronald Reagan . Polls of historians and political scientists usually rank Carter as a below average president . In 2012 , he surpassed Herbert Hoover as the longest-retired president in U.S. history , and he is also the first president to mark the 40th anniversary of his inauguration . He set up the Carter Center in 1982 as his base for advancing human rights . He has also traveled extensively to conduct peace negotiations , observe elections , and advance disease prevention and eradication in developing nations . Additionally , Carter is a key figure in the Habitat for Humanity project and he has written several books about various topics . In reference to current political views , he has criticized some of Israel 's actions and policies in regards to the Israeli -- Palestinian conflict and has advocated for a two-state solution . He has vigorously opposed the Supreme Court 's decision in Citizens United v. FEC to strike down limits on campaign spending by corporations and unions , saying that the U.S. is `` no longer a functioning democracy '' and now has a system of `` unlimited political bribery . ''
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Smedley Darlington Butler -LRB- July 30 , 1881June 21 , 1940 -RRB- was a United States Marine Corps major general , the highest rank authorized at that time , and at the time of his death the most decorated Marine in U.S. history . During his 34-year career as a Marine , he participated in military actions in the Philippines , China , in Central America and the Caribbean during the Banana Wars , and France in World War I. Butler is well known for having later become an outspoken critic of U.S. wars and their consequences , as well as exposing the Business Plot , an alleged plan to overthrow the U.S. government . By the end of his career , Butler had received 16 medals , five for heroism . He is one of 19 men to receive the Medal of Honor twice , one of three to be awarded both the Marine Corps Brevet Medal and the Medal of Honor , and the only Marine to be awarded the Brevet Medal and two Medals of Honor , all for separate actions . In 1933 , he became involved in a controversy known as the Business Plot , when he told a congressional committee that a group of wealthy industrialists were planning a military coup to overthrow Franklin D. Roosevelt , with Butler selected to lead a march of veterans to become dictator , similar to other Fascist regimes at that time . The individuals involved all denied the existence of a plot and the media ridiculed the allegations . A final report by a special House of Representatives Committee confirmed some of Butler 's testimony . In 1935 , Butler wrote a book titled War Is a Racket , where he described and criticized the workings of the United States in its foreign actions and wars , such as those he was a part of , including the American corporations and other imperialist motivations behind them . After retiring from service , he became a popular activist , speaking at meetings organized by veterans , pacifists , and church groups in the 1930s .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Shia LaBeouf has no experience as a filmmaker.
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Shia Saide LaBeouf -LRB- -LSB- ˈʃaɪ.ə _ ləˈbʌf -RSB- born June 11 , 1986 -RRB- is an American actor , performance artist , and filmmaker . He became known among younger audiences as Louis Stevens in the Disney Channel series Even Stevens , a role for which LaBeouf received a Young Artist Award nomination in 2001 and won a Daytime Emmy Award in 2003 . He made his film debut in Holes -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , based on the novel of the same name by Louis Sachar . In 2004 , he made his directorial debut with the short film Let 's Love Hate and later directed a short film titled Maniac -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , starring American rappers Cage and Kid Cudi . In 2007 , LaBeouf starred in the commercially successful films Disturbia and Surf 's Up . The same year he was cast in Michael Bay 's science fiction film Transformers as Sam Witwicky , the main protagonist of the series . Despite mixed reviews , Transformers was a box office success and one of the highest-grossing films of 2007 . LaBeouf later appeared in its sequels Transformers : Revenge of the Fallen -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and Transformers : Dark of the Moon -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , both also box office successes . In 2008 , he played Henry `` Mutt Williams '' Jones III in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull , the fourth film in the Indiana Jones franchise . His other films include Wall Street : Money Never Sleeps -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Lawless -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , The Company You Keep -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , Nymphomaniac -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and Fury -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . Since 2014 , LaBeouf has pursued a variety of public performance art projects with LaBeouf , Rönkkö & Turner .
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Shia refers to the second largest denomination of Islam . Shia or Shias may also refer to : Shia , Iran , a village in Hormozgan Province of Iran Shias , Iran , a village in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province of Iran Shia Masjid , one of the largest Shia mosques in Lahore , Pakistan Wasā ` il al-Shīʿa , a reputable book of hadith in Shia Islam Shia LaBeouf -LRB- born 1986 -RRB- , an American actor Shia , a character from the manga Pita-Ten Soekarno -- Hatta International Airport
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.There was a ruler called Philip V of Spain.
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Philip V -LRB- Felipe V , Philippe , Filippo 19 December 1683 -- 9 July 1746 -RRB- was King of Spain from 1 November 1700 to 15 January 1724 , when he abdicated in favour of his son Louis , and from 6 September 1724 , when he reassumed the throne upon his son 's death , to his own death 9 July 1746 . Before his reign , Philip occupied an exalted place in the royal family of France as a grandson of King Louis XIV . His father , Louis , the Grand Dauphin , had the strongest genealogical claim to the throne of Spain when it became vacant in 1700 . However , since neither the Grand Dauphin nor Philip 's older brother , Louis , Duke of Burgundy , could be displaced from their place in the succession to the French throne , King Charles II of Spain named Philip as his heir in his will . It was well known that the union of France and Spain under one monarch would upset the balance of power in Europe , such that other European powers would take steps to prevent it . Indeed , Philip 's accession in Spain provoked the 14-year War of the Spanish Succession , which continued until the Treaty of Utrecht forbade any future possibility of unifying the French and Spanish thrones . Philip was the first member of the House of Bourbon to rule as king of Spain . The sum of his two reigns , 45 years and 21 days , is the longest in modern Spanish history .
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Alfonso V may refer to : Alfonso V of León -LRB- 999 -- 1028 -RRB- Alfonso V of Aragon -LRB- 1416 -- 1458 -RRB- The Magnanimous Afonso V of Portugal -LRB- 1432 -- 1481 -RRB- The African
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Norway's gross domestic product is around a quarter petroleum.
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Norway -LRB- -LSB- Norgehelp = no -RSB- -LRB- Bokmål -RRB- or -LRB- Nynorsk -RRB- -RRB- , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a sovereign state and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard . The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom . Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land . Until 1814 , the kingdom included the Faroe Islands , Greenland and Iceland . It also included Bohuslän until 1658 , Jämtland and Härjedalen until 1645 , Shetland and Orkney until 1468 , and the Hebrides and Isle of Man until 1266 . Norway has a total area of 385252 km2 and a population of 5,258,317 -LRB- as of January 2017 -RRB- . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden -LRB- 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long -RRB- . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak Strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013 , replacing Jens Stoltenberg . A constitutional monarchy , Norway divides state power between the Parliament , the Cabinet and the Supreme Court , as determined by the 1814 Constitution . The kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms . By the traditional count from the year 872 , the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years and the list of Norwegian monarchs includes over sixty kings and earls . Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels : counties and municipalities . The Sámi people have a certain amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament and the Finnmark Act . Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States . Norway is a founding member of the United Nations , NATO , the Council of Europe , the Antarctic Treaty and the Nordic Council ; a member of the European Economic Area , the WTO and the OECD ; and is also a part of the Schengen Area . The country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system . Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum , natural gas , minerals , lumber , seafood , fresh water and hydropower . The petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the country 's gross domestic product -LRB- GDP -RRB- . On a per-capita basis , Norway is the world 's largest producer of oil and natural gas outside the Middle East . The country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists . On the CIA 's GDP -LRB- PPP -RRB- per capita list -LRB- 2015 estimate -RRB- which includes territories and some regions , Norway ranks as number eleven . From 2001 to 2006 , and then again from 2009 to 2017 , Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world . It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking . Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report , the OECD Better Life Index , the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index .
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Social corporatism -LRB- also called Social democratic corporatism -RRB- is a form of economic tripartite corporatism based upon a social partnership between the interests of capital and labour , involving collective bargaining between representatives of employers and of labour mediated by the government at the national level . Social corporatism is a major component of the Nordic model of capitalism , and to a lesser degree , the West European social market economies . Corporatism is considered a compromise to regulate the conflict between capital and labour by mandating them to engage in mutual consultations that are mediated by the government , and is generally supported by nationalist and social democratic political parties . Social corporatism developed in the post-World War II period , influenced by social democrats and Christian democrats in European countries such as Austria , Norway , the Netherlands , Germany and Sweden . Social corporatism has been adopted in different configurations and to varying degrees in various European countries . The Nordic countries have the most comprehensive form of collective bargaining , where trade unions are represented at the national level by official organizations alongside employers unions . Together with the welfare state policies of these countries , this forms what is termed the `` Nordic model '' . Less extensive models exist in Germany and Austria , which are components of Rhine capitalism .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Odin is often accompanied by a wolf from Norse mythology name Geri.
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In Germanic mythology , Odin -LRB- from Old Norse Óðinn -RRB- is a widely revered god . In Norse mythology , from which stems most of the information about the god , Odin is associated with healing , death , royalty , the gallows , knowledge , battle , sorcery , poetry , frenzy , and the runic alphabet , and is the husband of the goddess Frigg . In wider Germanic mythology and paganism , Odin was known in Old English as Wōden , in Old Saxon as Wōdan , and in Old High German as Wuotan or Wōtan , all stemming from the reconstructed Proto-Germanic theonym wōđanaz . Odin is a prominently mentioned god throughout the recorded history of the Germanic peoples , from the Roman occupation of regions of Germania through the tribal expansions of the Migration Period and the Viking Age . In the modern period , Odin continued to be acknowledged in the rural folklore of Germanic Europe . References to Odin appear in place names throughout regions historically inhabited by the ancient Germanic peoples , and the day of the week Wednesday bears his name in many Germanic languages , including English . In Anglo-Saxon England , Odin held a particular place as a euhemerized ancestral figure among royalty , and he is frequently referred to as a founding figure among various other Germanic peoples , including the Langobards . Forms of his name appear frequently throughout the Germanic record , though narratives regarding Odin are mainly found in Old Norse works recorded in Iceland , primarily around the 13th century . These texts make up the bulk of modern understanding of Norse mythology . In Old Norse texts , Odin is depicted as one-eyed and long-bearded , frequently wielding a spear named Gungnir , and wearing a cloak and a broad hat . He is often accompanied by his animal companions -- the wolves Geri and Freki and the ravens Huginn and Muninn , who bring him information from all over Midgard -- and rides the flying , eight-legged steed Sleipnir across the sky and into the underworld . Odin is attested as having many sons , most famously the gods Thor -LRB- with Jörð -RRB- and Baldr -LRB- with Frigg -RRB- , and is known by hundreds of names . In these texts , he frequently seeks greater knowledge , at times in disguise -LRB- most famously by obtaining the Mead of Poetry -RRB- , makes wagers with his wife Frigg over the outcome of exploits , and takes part in both the creation of the world by way of slaying the primordial being Ymir and the gift of life to the first two humans Ask and Embla . Odin has a particular association with Yule , and mankind 's knowledge of both the runes and poetry is also attributed to him . In Old Norse texts , Odin is given primacy over female beings associated with the battlefield -- the valkyries -- and oversees Valhalla , where he receives half of those who die in battle , the einherjar . The other half are chosen by the goddess Freyja for her afterlife location , Fólkvangr . Odin consults the disembodied , herb-embalmed head of the wise being Mímir for advice , and during the foretold events of Ragnarök , Odin is told to lead the einherjar into battle before being consumed by the monstrous wolf Fenrir . In later folklore , Odin appears as a leader of the Wild Hunt , a ghostly procession of the dead through the winter sky . He has also been associated with charms and other forms of magic , particularly in Old English and Old Norse texts . Odin has been a frequent subject of study in Germanic studies , and numerous theories have been put forward regarding his development . Some of these focus on Odin 's particular relation to other figures ; for example , the fact that Freyja 's husband Óðr appears to be something of an etymological doublet of the god , whereas Odin 's wife Frigg is in many ways similar to Freyja , and that Odin has a particular relation to the figure of Loki . Other approaches focus on Odin 's place in the historical record , a frequent question being whether the figure of Odin derives from Proto-Indo-European religion , or whether he developed later in Germanic society . In the modern period , Odin has inspired numerous works of poetry , music , and other forms of media . He is venerated in most forms of the new religious movement Heathenry , together with other gods venerated by the ancient Germanic peoples ; some branches focus particularly on him .
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Eddie , also known as Eddie the Head , is the mascot for the British heavy metal band Iron Maiden . He is a perennial fixture of the group 's artwork , appearing in all of their album covers -LRB- as well as most of their singles -RRB- and in their merchandise , which includes T-shirts , posters and action figures . On top of this , Eddie features in all of the band 's concerts , as well as in the first-person shooter video game , Ed Hunter , and the role-playing game , Iron Maiden : Legacy of the Beast . Originally a papier-mâché mask used in Iron Maiden 's stage backdrop , the band transferred the name `` Eddie '' from the mask to an illustration by Derek Riggs , which was used as the band 's debut album cover . Although he is occasionally described as `` zombie-like '' in the press , Eddie assumes a different guise relating to the themes of individual albums and their corresponding world tours , and has appeared as a cyborg , an Egyptian mummy and a lobotomised mental patient amongst others .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.David Angell and his wife died on September 11.
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David Lawrence Angell -LRB- April 10 , 1946September 11 , 2001 -RRB- was an American producer of sitcoms . Angell won multiple Emmy Awards as the creator and executive producer , along with Peter Casey and David Lee , of the comedy series Frasier . Angell and his wife Lynn both died heading home from their vacation in Cape Cod aboard American Airlines Flight 11 . This was the first plane to hit the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks .
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David J. Templeton -LRB- 1954 -- March 24 , 1997 -RRB- was a minister of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland who was murdered in 1997 after he was ` outed ' as a gay man by the Sunday Life newspaper .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Gil Sharone began working with a band.
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Gil Sharone is an American drummer and member of the band Stolen Babies , Marilyn Manson , Team Sleep , and formerly The Dillinger Escape Plan . He was also a fill in for punk rock band +44 . His twin brother is Rani Sharone , also of Stolen Babies . He is highly regarded as one of the most versatile touring/session drummers in the world . Sharone supported Mark Hoppus 's band +44 when Travis Barker broke his arm . Gil toured around Europe , Japan and Australia with +44 in early 2007 , it is believed he learned all of +44 's setlist on the flight from America to Europe . He played on Travis 's OCDP Drum Kit , which is a custom made transparent green . He started using Drum Workshop drums and hardware in October 2011 . Sharone also recorded the drum tracks on the third Dillinger Escape Plan record Ire Works , and joined the band during all of their tour dates in 2008 -LRB- he played the European tour in early 2008 both with Dillinger and also as support with Stolen Babies -RRB- . Gil also performed on Maynard James Keenan 's V Is for Vagina album by Puscifer . In January 2009 , it was announced that Sharone had parted ways with Dillinger Escape Plan , due to his focus on Stolen Babies and other personal projects including his DVD , Wicked Beats , based on the drumming styles of Ska , Rocksteady and Reggae . Wicked Beats will be released through Hudson Music late 2010 . Sharone played Teenage Alex on an episode of Full House along with his twin brother , who played Teenage Nicky . As of November 2013 , Sharone began working with Marilyn Manson on a new album . On January 15 , 2015 The Pale Emperor was released . Sharone is currently working on the follow up Heaven Upside Down due to be released in Summer 2017 . Sharone was featured on Reggae Grammy winners Morgan Heritage track `` So Amazing '' on the album Strictly Roots -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . You can also hear his work playing on the film scores to `` John Wick , '' `` John Wick 2 , '' `` Slackers '' and the TV shows , `` Salem , '' `` Kingdom , '' and the Netflix series `` The Punisher -LRB- 2017 -RRB- . ''
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Gillan were a rock band formed in 1978 by Deep Purple singer Ian Gillan . Gillan were one of the hard rock bands to make a significant impact and commercial success in the United Kingdom during the early 1980s , with 5 albums in the Top 20 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Harald V of Norway was wed to Sonja Haraldsen.
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Harald V -LRB- -LSB- ˈhɑrːɑɫ -RSB- ; born 21 February 1937 -RRB- is the King of Norway , having ascended the throne following the death of his father on 17 January 1991 . Harald was the third child and only son of Olav V of Norway and Princess Märtha of Sweden . He was second in the line of succession at the time of his birth , behind his father . In 1940 , as a result of the German occupation during World War II , the royal family went into exile . Harald spent part of his childhood in Sweden and the United States . He returned to Norway in 1945 , and subsequently studied for periods at the University of Oslo , the Norwegian Military Academy , and Balliol College , Oxford . In 1957 , following the death of his grandfather , Haakon VII , Harald became crown prince . A keen sportsman , he represented Norway in sailing at the 1964 , 1968 , and 1972 Olympic Games , and later became patron of World Sailing . Harald married Sonja Haraldsen in 1968 , with their relationship initially being controversial due to her status as a commoner . The couple had two children , Märtha and Haakon . Harald succeeded his father as king in 1991 , with Haakon becoming his heir apparent .
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Sophie of Pomerania -LRB- 1498 -- 1568 -RRB- was queen of Denmark and Norway as the spouse of Frederick I . She is known for her independent rule over her fiefs Lolland and Falster , the castles in Kiel and Plön , and several villages in Holstein as queen .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Derrick Rose was named NBA Rookie of the Year.
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Derrick Martell Rose -LRB- born October 4 , 1988 -RRB- is an American professional basketball player for the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- . He played one year of college basketball for the Memphis Tigers before being drafted first overall by his hometown Chicago Bulls in the 2008 NBA draft . After being named the NBA Rookie of the Year , Rose , at age 22 , became the youngest player to win the NBA Most Valuable Player Award in 2011 . Rose was born and raised in the Chicago area , and attended Simeon Career Academy . He was highly recruited by NCAA scouts and coaches , eventually choosing to join the University of Memphis under Coach John Calipari . Rose led the Memphis Tigers to the most wins in NCAA history -LRB- a 38-2 record -RRB- , their first number one ranking in 25 years , and an appearance in the NCAA Championship game . In 2009 , an NCAA investigation revealed that Rose 's SAT scores had been invalidated , and as a result , the NCAA vacated Memphis ' entire 2007 -- 08 season . Rose has struggled with significant knee injuries since his 2010 -- 11 MVP campaign . In the first round of the 2012 NBA Playoffs against the Philadelphia 76ers , Rose tore his ACL in his left knee . Rose required surgery and was subsequently sidelined for the entire 2012 -- 13 season . Rose returned to play in 2013 -- 14 . However , on November 22 , 2013 , during a regular season game against the Portland Trail Blazers , Rose injured his right meniscus which caused him to miss the remainder of the season . Rose returned once again the following season , but knee injuries continued to riddle him , causing him to miss 30 games . In June 2016 , he was traded to the New York Knicks .
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Jason Frederick Kidd -LRB- born March 23 , 1973 -RRB- is an American basketball coach and former player . He is currently the head coach of the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- . Previously a point guard in the NBA , Kidd was a ten-time NBA All-Star , a five-time All-NBA First Team member , and a nine-time NBA All-Defensive Team member . He won an NBA Championship in 2011 as a member of the Dallas Mavericks , and was a two-time Olympic Gold Medal winner during his pro career , as part of Team USA in 2000 and 2008 . Kidd played college basketball for the California Golden Bears and was drafted second overall by the Dallas Mavericks in the first round of the 1994 NBA draft . He was named co-NBA Rookie of the Year in his first season with the Mavericks . Then , from 1996 to 2001 , Kidd played for the Phoenix Suns and later for the New Jersey Nets from 2001 to 2008 . He led the Nets to two consecutive NBA Finals appearances in 2002 and 2003 . In the middle of the 2007 -- 08 season , Kidd was traded back to Dallas , where he won his only NBA championship in 2011 . After finishing his playing career with the New York Knicks in 2012 -- 13 , he retired and returned a week later as head coach for the now Brooklyn Nets . Kidd 's ability to pass and rebound made him a regular triple-double threat , and he retired ranked third all-time in the NBA for regular season triple-doubles with a career total of 107 and second in playoff triple-doubles with a career total of 11 . He finished his career also ranked second on the NBA all-time lists in career assists and steals and seventh in the 3-point field goals made category .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Luxo Jr. is an American film.
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Luxo Jr. is a 1986 American computer-animated short film produced by Pixar and directed by John Lasseter . The two-minute short film revolves around one larger and one smaller desk lamp . The larger lamp , named Luxo Sr. , looks on while the smaller , `` younger '' Luxo Jr. plays exuberantly with a ball that it accidentally deflates . Luxo Jr. was Pixar 's first animation after Ed Catmull and John Lasseter left Industrial Light and Magic 's computer division . It is the source of the hopping desk lamp included in Pixar 's corporate logo . Lasseter 's aim was to finish the short film for the 1986 SIGGRAPH , an annual computer graphics conference attended by thousands of industry professionals . The film would come from his experiments with modeling his Luxo lamp . Lasseter worked to improve the story within the allotted two minutes . In animation , the film demonstrates the use of shadow maps within the rendering software . Lasseter applied classic animation principles defined by Disney 's Nine Old Men to convey the lamps ' emotions . Catmull and Lasseter worked around the clock , and Lasseter even took a sleeping bag into work and slept under his desk , ready to work early the next morning . In total it took about four and a half months to do . The commitment paid off , and it was finished in time to be shown at SIGGRAPH . Before Luxo Jr. finished playing at SIGGRAPH , the crowd had already risen in applause . Luxo Jr. is regarded as a breakthrough in the animation medium as a whole , changing traditionalists ' interpretation of computer animation . The short was the first work of animation to use procedural animation , the software written by Eben Ostby . It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Animated Short Film , becoming the first CGI film nominated for an Academy Award . In 2014 , Luxo Jr. was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry .
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A Family Underground is an American documentary film written and directed by Paul Andresen . Filmed at the 2008 Gathering of the Juggalos , the film focus on the event and the Juggalo fan base . Gathering of the Juggalos is a music festival hosted by Psychopathic Records every summer . Their fan base , known as Juggalos , have become an underground musical subculture . The film features concert performances and interviews about the event and fanbase by the entire Psychopathic Records roster and other artists which performed at the festival . Released direct-to-video in 2009 , it is the second documentary produced by Psychopathic Records , after Shockumentary , released in 1998 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Academy Honorary Award is given by the Board of Governors of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
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The Academy Honorary Award -- instituted in 1948 for the 21st Academy Awards -LRB- previously called the Special Award , which was first presented in early 1929 -RRB- -- is given annually by the Board of Governors of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences -LRB- AMPAS -RRB- to celebrate motion picture achievements that are not covered by existing Academy Awards , although prior winners of competitive Academy Awards are not excluded from receiving the Honorary Award . Unless otherwise specified , Honorary Award recipients receive the same gold Oscar statuettes received by winners of the competitive Academy Awards . Unlike the Special Achievement Award instituted in 1972 -LRB- and discontinued in 1995 -RRB- , those on whom the Academy confers its Honorary Award do not have to meet `` the Academy 's eligibility year and deadline requirements . '' Like the Special Achievement Award , the Special Award and Honorary Award have been used to reward significant achievements of the year that did not fit in existing categories , subsequently leading the Academy to establish several new categories , and to honor exceptional career achievements , contributions to the motion picture industry , and service to the Academy . The Academy Honorary Award is often awarded in preference to those with noted achievements in motion pictures who have nevertheless never won an Academy Award . Thus , many of its recipients are Classic Hollywood stars , such as Lillian Gish , Barbara Stanwyck , Kirk Douglas , and Lauren Bacall . Since 2009 the Honorary Award is presented at the annual Governors Awards rather than at the Academy Awards .
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The following is a list of those who have won the American Society of Cinematographers Award for Outstanding Achievement in Theatrical Releases . The award is given by the American Society of Cinematographers .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Charles I was married to Henrietta Maria.
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Charles I -LRB- 19 November 1600 -- 30 January 1649 -RRB- was monarch of the three kingdoms of England , Scotland , and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649 . Charles was the second son of King James VI of Scotland , but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603 , he moved to England , where he spent much of the rest of his life . He became heir apparent to the English , Irish , and Scottish thrones on the death of his elder brother , Henry Frederick , Prince of Wales , in 1612 . An unsuccessful and unpopular attempt to marry him to the Spanish Habsburg princess Maria Anna culminated in an eight-month visit to Spain in 1623 that demonstrated the futility of the marriage negotiations . Two years later , he married the Bourbon princess Henrietta Maria of France instead . After his succession , Charles quarrelled with the Parliament of England , which sought to curb his royal prerogative . Charles believed in the divine right of kings and thought he could govern according to his own conscience . Many of his subjects opposed his policies , in particular the levying of taxes without parliamentary consent , and perceived his actions as those of a tyrannical absolute monarch . His religious policies , coupled with his marriage to a Roman Catholic , generated the antipathy and mistrust of reformed groups such as the English Puritans and Scottish Covenanters , who thought his views too Catholic . He supported high church ecclesiastics , such as Richard Montagu and William Laud , and failed to aid Protestant forces successfully during the Thirty Years ' War . His attempts to force the Church of Scotland to adopt high Anglican practices led to the Bishops ' Wars , strengthened the position of the English and Scottish parliaments and helped precipitate his own downfall . From 1642 , Charles fought the armies of the English and Scottish parliaments in the English Civil War . After his defeat in 1645 , he surrendered to a Scottish force that eventually handed him over to the English Parliament . Charles refused to accept his captors ' demands for a constitutional monarchy , and temporarily escaped captivity in November 1647 . Re-imprisoned on the Isle of Wight , Charles forged an alliance with Scotland , but by the end of 1648 Oliver Cromwell 's New Model Army had consolidated its control over England . Charles was tried , convicted , and executed for high treason in January 1649 . The monarchy was abolished and a republic called the Commonwealth of England was declared . The monarchy was restored to Charles 's son , Charles II , in 1660 .
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Charles II Gonzaga -LRB- 1609 -- 1631 -RRB- was the son of Charles I , Duke of Mantua and Catherine de Lorraine-Guise -LRB- also known as Catherine de Mayenne -RRB- , he was the Duke of Nevers and Rethel , together with his father . In 1621 , he succeeded his uncle Henri de Lorraine-Guise as Duke of Mayenne . In 1627 he married his cousin Maria Gonzaga , Marquise of Montferrat and heiress to the Duchy of Mantua . However , Cesare II Gonzaga , Duke of Guastalla and Emperor Ferdinand II rejected her claim to Mantua , leading to the War of Mantuan Succession -LRB- 1628 -- 1631 -RRB- . Charles was never the proper Duke of Mantua since he died at Cavriana six years before his father . When the latter died in 1637 , Charles 's eight-year-old son , Charles II , became Duke of Mantua , his widow Maria acting as regent . His daughter Eleonora became Holy Roman Empress .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.John Lennon's debut solo album was John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band.
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John Winston Ono Lennon , -LRB- born John Winston Lennon ; 9 October 19408 December 1980 -RRB- was an English guitarist , singer , and songwriter who co-founded the Beatles , the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music . He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership . Born and raised in Liverpool , Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager ; his first band , the Quarrymen , first became the Silver Beatles , and finally , evolved into the Beatles in 1960 . When the group disbanded in 1970 , Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Imagine , and songs such as `` Give Peace a Chance '' , `` Working Class Hero '' , and `` Imagine '' . After his marriage to Yoko Ono in 1969 , he added `` Ono '' as one of his middle names . Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean , but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album Double Fantasy . He was murdered three weeks after its release . Lennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music , writing , drawings , on film and in interviews . Controversial through his political and peace activism , he moved to Manhattan in 1971 , where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by Richard Nixon 's administration to deport him , while some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture . By 2012 , Lennon 's solo album sales in the United States exceeded 14 million and , as writer , co-writer , or performer , he is responsible for 25 number-one singles on the US Hot 100 chart . In 2002 , a BBC poll on the 100 Greatest Britons voted him eighth and , in 2008 , Rolling Stone ranked him the fifth-greatest singer of all time . He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987 , and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice , in 1988 as a member of the Beatles and in 1994 as a solo artist .
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Come Together : America Salutes The Beatles is a tribute album to The Beatles . Released in 1995 -LRB- see 1995 in country music -RRB- on Liberty Records , the album features covers of various Beatles songs , as performed by country music artists . The album cover features artwork by John Lennon .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Amelia Earhart's last name was Mary.
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Amelia Mary Earhart -LRB- -LSB- ˈɛərhɑrt -RSB- July 24 , 1897 -- disappeared July 2 , 1937 -RRB- was an American aviation pioneer and author . Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean . She received the U.S. Distinguished Flying Cross for this accomplishment . She set many other records , wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences and was instrumental in the formation of The Ninety-Nines , an organization for female pilots . In 1935 , Earhart became a visiting faculty member at Purdue University as an advisor to aeronautical engineering and a career counselor to women students . She was also a member of the National Woman 's Party and an early supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment . During an attempt to make a circumnavigational flight of the globe in 1937 in a Purdue-funded Lockheed Model 10 Electra , Earhart disappeared over the central Pacific Ocean near Howland Island . Fascination with her life , career and disappearance continues to this day .
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Alice-Leone Moats -LRB- 1908 -- 1989 -RRB- was an American journalist and author who was born in Mexico to wealthy and socially prominent American parents . She attended convent schools in Mexico City , Rome and Paris , as well as the Brearley School in Manhattan and the Fermata School for Girls in Aiken , South Carolina .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Aishwarya Rai was in television commercials.
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Aishwarya Rai -LRB- born 1 November 1973 -RRB- , also known by her married name Aishwarya Rai Bachchan , is an Indian actress , model and the winner of the Miss World 1994 pageant . Through her successful acting career , she has established herself as one of the most popular and influential celebrities in India . Rai has received numerous awards and accolades , including two Filmfare Awards from eleven nominations , and she was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2009 . She has often been called `` the most beautiful woman in the world '' . While in college , Rai did a few modelling jobs . Following appearances in several television commercials , she entered the Miss India pageant , in which she placed second . She was then crowned Miss World 1994 , after which she began receiving offers to act in film . She made her acting debut in Mani Ratnam 's 1997 Tamil film Iruvar and had her first Hindi film release in Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya that same year . Her first commercial success was the Tamil romantic drama Jeans -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , following which she achieved wider success and won two Best Actress awards at Filmfare for her performances in Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam -LRB- 1999 -RRB- and Devdas -LRB- 2002 -RRB- . Rai garnered critical appreciation for portraying a passionate artist in the Tamil romance Kandukondain Kandukondain -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , Tagore 's heroine , Binodini , in the Bengali film Chokher Bali -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , a depressed woman in the drama Raincoat -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Kiranjit Ahluwalia in the British drama film Provoked -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , as a nurse in the drama Guzaarish -LRB- 2010 -RRB- and as a justise-seeking sister in the biographical drama Sarbjit -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . Rai 's greatest commercial successes have been the romance Mohabbatein -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , the adventure film Dhoom 2 -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , the historical romance Jodhaa Akbar -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , the science fiction film Enthiran -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , and the romantic drama Ae Dil Hai Mushkil -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . Rai married actor Abhishek Bachchan in 2007 with whom she has one daughter . Her off-screen roles include duties as a brand ambassador for several charity organisations and campaigns . She is a Goodwill Ambassador for the Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS -LRB- UNAIDS -RRB- . In 2003 , she was the first Indian actress to be a jury member at the Cannes Film Festival .
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Kavita Chaudhary is an Indian TV actress , well known for her portrayal of IPS officer Kalyani Singh in Doordarshan series Udaan . She is the younger sister of police officer Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya . Kavita has also made two more television shows - Your Honour and IPS Diaries . She was also the famous face of HUL 's Surf detergent commercials in India , playing the character of housewife Lalita ji in the ad in late 1980s .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Drax the Destroyer is part of a corporation.
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Drax the Destroyer -LRB- Arthur Douglas -RRB- is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by writer/artist Jim Starlin , the character first appeared in Iron Man # 55 -LRB- February 1973 -RRB- . Arthur Douglas was a human whose family was attacked and killed by the supervillain Thanos . Needing a champion to combat Thanos , the being known as Kronos took Arthur 's spirit and placed it in a powerful new body , and Drax the Destroyer was born . Drax 's powers included enhanced strength and resilience , flight , and the ability to project energy blasts from his hands . The character often battled Thanos , and on occasion the superheroes Captain Marvel and Adam Warlock . He was also a member of the group known as the Infinity Watch . In 2004 , the character lost his flight and energy blasts , and a portion of his strength and resilience . This version of the character played a role in the crossover comic book storylines `` Annihilation '' and `` Annihilation : Conquest '' , and became a member of the relaunched Guardians of the Galaxy . He has been featured in a variety of associated Marvel merchandise , including animated television series , action figures , and video games . Drax is portrayed by Dave Bautista in the 2014 live-action film Guardians of the Galaxy , its 2017 sequel , and the upcoming Avengers : Infinity War .
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Kronos Digital Entertainment was an American video game developer founded by Stan Liu in 1992 . They first began to develop original properties , beginning with their visually appealing early 3D fighting games , Criticom , Dark Rift and Cardinal Syn -LRB- referred to as the `` Trilogy of Terror '' by one gaming journalist -RRB- . The organization later gained greater critical and commercial success for the Fear Effect series with Eidos , although Kronos retains all rights to the franchise . Kronos was busy developing the third installment in that series , Fear Effect Inferno , when publisher Eidos discontinued funding for the project following a major restructuring of their budget . The developer then shopped it around to other publishers but were unable to secure another deal to get the game finished . The company disbanded soon after , with Fear Effect 2 : Retro Helix being their final released game .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Iran is the third-largest country in the Middle East.
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Iran -LRB- ɪ , also ɪ -RRB- , formerly known as Persia , is a sovereign state in Western Asia . It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia , the de facto Republic of Artsakh and Azerbaijan ; to the north by the Caspian Sea ; to the northeast by Turkmenistan ; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan ; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman ; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Comprising a land area of 1648195 km2 , it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world . Officially with 79.93 million inhabitants -LRB- Nov 2016 -RRB- , Iran is the world 's 18th-most-populous country . It is the only country with both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline . The country 's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , make it of great geostrategic importance . Iran has diverse landscapes and geographical conditions . Tehran is the country 's capital and largest city , as well as its leading economic and cultural center . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the 4th millennium BC . The area was first unified and dominated by the Iranian Medes in the 7th century BC . Iran reached its greatest extent during the Achaemenid Empire -LRB- First Persian Empire -RRB- founded by Cyrus the Great in 6th century BC , the largest empire the world had yet seen , stretching from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley . Persia fell to Alexander the Great in 4th century BC , but reemerged shortly after as the Parthian Empire . Under the Sassanians , Persia became a leading world power for the next four centuries . In 7th century AD , Arabs conquered Persia and largely displaced the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with the new religion of Islam . Iranians became major contributors to the Islamic Golden Age that followed , producing many influential scientists , scholars , artists and thinkers . After two centuries , a period of various Iranian dynasties began , although these dynasties were later conquered by Turks and then the Mongols . An Iranian national identity was always reasserted however , developing a distinct cultural entity . The rise of the Safavids in 15th century led to the establishment of Twelver Shia Islam as the official religion , marking a turning point in Muslim history . In the 18th century , Iran arguably possessed briefly the most powerful military at the time under Nader Shah . Conflicts with the Russian Empire in 19th century led to significant territorial losses . Popular unrest culminated in the Persian Constitutional Revolution , which established a constitutional monarchy and the country 's first legislative body , the Majles . Following a coup d'état instigated by the UK and the US in 1953 , Iran gradually became closely aligned with the West and grew increasingly autocratic . Growing dissent against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic , a political system which combines elements of a parliamentary democracy with a theocracy governed by Islamic jurists under the concept of a `` Supreme Leadership '' . According to international observers , the current Iranian government is oppressive , with human rights abuses commonplace . A multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups , most inhabitants of Iran are Shia Muslims and Persian is the official language . The largest ethnic groups in Iran are the Persians , Azeris , Kurds and Lurs . Iran is a founding member of the UN , ECO , NAM , OIC , and OPEC . Iran is a major regional and middle power , and its large reserves of fossil fuels -- which include the largest natural gas supply in the world and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves -- exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy . Iran 's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 21 UNESCO World Heritage Sites , the third-largest number in Asia and 11th-largest in the world .
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Hassan Rouhani -LRB- حسن روحانی , , Standard Persian : -LSB- roʊhɒːˈniː -RSB- ; born Hassan Fereydoun on 12 November 1948 -RRB- is the seventh and current President of Iran , a position he has held since 2013 . He is also a lawyer , academic , former diplomat and Islamic cleric . He has been a member of Iran 's Assembly of Experts since 1999 , member of the Expediency Council since 1991 , and a member of the Supreme National Security Council since 1989 . Rouhani was deputy speaker of the fourth and fifth terms of the Parliament of Iran -LRB- Majlis -RRB- and Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council from 1989 to 2005 . In the latter capacity , he was the country 's top negotiator with the EU three , UK , France , and Germany , on nuclear technology in Iran , and has also served as a Shi'ite ijtihadi cleric , and economic trade negotiator . He has expressed official support for upholding the rights of ethnic and religious minorities . In 2013 , he appointed former industries minister Eshaq Jahangiri as his first vice-president . On 7 May 2013 , Rouhani registered for the presidential election that was held on 14 June 2013 . He said that , if elected , he would prepare a `` civil rights charter '' , restore the economy and improve rocky relations with Western nations . Rouhani is frequently described as a moderate . He was elected as President of Iran on 15 June , defeating Tehran mayor Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf and four other candidates . He took office on 3 August 2013 . In 2013 , Time magazine named him in its list of the 100 Most Influential People in the World . In domestic policy , he encourages personal freedom and free access to information , has improved women 's rights by appointing female foreign ministry spokespeople , and has been described as a centrist and reformist who has improved Iran 's diplomatic relations with other countries through exchanging conciliatory letters . Rouhani won re-election in the 2017 election with 23,549,616 votes -LRB- 57.1 % -RRB- . He became the second Iranian President , after Mohammad Khatami , to win a presidential victory as an incumbent with an increased electoral mandate .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.George Bernard Shaw wrote thirty plays.
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George Bernard Shaw -LRB- -LSB- ˈdʒɔːrdʒ _ ` bɜːrˌnərd_ʃɔː -RSB- 26 July 1856 -- 2 November 1950 -RRB- , known at his insistence simply as Bernard Shaw , was an Irish playwright -LRB- who held both British and Irish citizenship -RRB- , critic and polemicist whose influence on Western theatre , culture and politics extended from the 1880s to his death and beyond . He wrote more than sixty plays , including major works such as Man and Superman -LRB- 1903 -RRB- , Pygmalion -LRB- 1913 -RRB- and Saint Joan -LRB- 1923 -RRB- . With a range incorporating both contemporary satire and historical allegory , Shaw became the leading dramatist of his generation . He was the first person to be awarded both a Nobel Prize and an Academy Award , receiving the 1925 Nobel Prize in Literature and sharing the 1938 Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for the film version of Pygmalion . Born in Dublin , Shaw moved to London in 1873 , where he established himself as a writer and novelist . By the mid-1880s he was a respected theatre and music critic . Following a political awakening , he joined the gradualist Fabian Society and became its most prominent pamphleteer . Shaw had been writing plays for years before his first public success , 1894 's Arms and the Man . Influenced by Henrik Ibsen , he sought to introduce a new realism into English-language drama , using his plays as vehicles to disseminate his political , social and religious ideas . By the early twentieth century his reputation as a dramatist was secured with a series of critical and popular successes that included Major Barbara , The Doctor 's Dilemma and Caesar and Cleopatra . Shaw 's expressed views were often contentious : he promoted eugenics and alphabet reform while opposing vaccination and organised religion . He courted unpopularity by denouncing both sides in the First World War as equally culpable . He castigated British policy on Ireland in the postwar period , and became a citizen of the Irish Free State in 1934 , maintaining dual citizenship . He was prolific , finishing during the inter-war years a series of often ambitious plays which achieved varying degrees of popular success . His appetite for politics and controversy remained undiminished ; by the late 1920s he had largely renounced Fabian gradualism and often wrote and spoke favourably of dictatorships of the right and left -- he expressed admiration for both Mussolini and Stalin . In the final decade of his life , he made fewer public statements , but continued to write prolifically until shortly before his death , aged 94 , having refused all state honours , including the Order of Merit in 1946 . Since Shaw 's death , opinion has varied about his works . He has at times been rated as second only to William Shakespeare among English-language dramatists ; analysts recognise his extensive influence on generations of playwrights . The word `` Shavian '' has entered the language as encapsulating Shaw 's ideas and his means of expressing them .
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Frederic Lewis Tuffley -LRB- 23 October 1855 -- 1 April 1935 -RRB- , better known by his stage name , Eric Lewis , was an English comedian , actor and singer . In a career spanning five decades , he starred in numerous comedies and in a few musical comedy hits , but he is probably best remembered today as the understudy to George Grossmith in the Gilbert & Sullivan comic operas of the 1880s who left the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company just in time to give Henry Lytton his big break . Lewis began performing in comic musical sketches in Brighton in the 1870s . He made his London performing debut in 1880 and joined the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company in 1882 , where he understudied Grossmith until 1887 . Lewis then performed in a number of very successful musical comedies and other comedies for the next decade but devoted himself to the non-musical comedy stage , performing mostly in contemporary comedies by Arthur Wing Pinero , George Bernard Shaw , J. M. Barrie and R. C. Carton until 1925 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Miley Cyrus's fifth album is called The Wall.
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Miley Ray Cyrus -LRB- born Destiny Hope Cyrus ; November 23 , 1992 -RRB- is an American singer , songwriter , and actress . After playing minor roles in the television series Doc and the film Big Fish in her childhood , she became a teen idol starring as the character Miley Stewart in the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana in 2006 . Her father Billy Ray Cyrus also starred in the show . She subsequently signed a recording contract with Hollywood Records , and her debut studio album Meet Miley Cyrus -LRB- 2007 -RRB- was certified triple-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- having shipped over three million units . She released her second album Breakout and launched her film career as a voice actress in the animated film Bolt in 2008 . Cyrus starred in the feature film Hannah Montana : The Movie , and began cultivating a more mature image with her EP The Time of Our Lives in 2009 . In 2010 , she released her third album Ca n't Be Tamed , which stands as the lowest-selling record of her career , and starred in the coming-of-age film The Last Song . Cyrus focused on her acting career with several television and film appearances in 2011 and 2012 . Her sexually explicit behavior generated widespread controversy while promoting her fourth album Bangerz -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , her first under her recording contract with RCA Records . Cyrus ' independently-released fifth studio album Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz -LRB- 2015 -RRB- deviated from her traditional pop style for more psychedelic experimentation . In 2016 , she was a coach for the eleventh season of the singing competition series The Voice . With Bangerz , Cyrus achieved her third number-one album on the U.S. Billboard 200 , and fifth overall including Hannah Montana soundtrack albums . She has logged eight top 10 entries on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 with : `` See You Again '' , `` 7 Things '' , `` The Climb '' , `` Party in the U.S.A. '' , `` Ca n't Be Tamed '' , `` We Ca n't Stop '' , `` Malibu '' and the chart-topping `` Wrecking Ball '' . Cyrus has earned numerous awards and nominations , as Billboard ranked her as the fourth best-selling female artist of 2009 . She was ranked number thirteen on Forbes Celebrity 100 in 2010 , and in 2013 was declared `` Artist of the Year '' by MTV . She has been included on the Time 100 list of most influential people in 2008 and 2014 .
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Joi Cardwell -LRB- born October 8 , 1967 -RRB- is an American singer-songwriter . Born and raised in New York City , New York , she performed in various singing competitions as a child and rose to fame in the early 1990s as guest vocalist for Lil Louis on the number 1 Dance singles `` Club Lonely '' and `` Saved My Life '' . The release of Cardwell 's debut album , The World Is Full of Trouble -LRB- 1995 -RRB- , established her as a solo artist worldwide and featured the Billboard Dance top-five singles number-one singles `` Jump for Joi '' and `` Love & Devotion '' . Her second album , Joi Cardwell -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , spawned the top-charting singles `` Soul to Bare '' , `` Run to You '' , and `` Found Love '' . In 1999 , she released her third album Deliverance on her own record label No-Mad Industries . Her fourth album , The Plain Jane Project -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , yielded the top-ten singles `` Freedom '' and `` It 's Over '' . She continued to release albums on her recording label including Wanderlust -LRB- The Soundtrack -RRB- -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and Must Be the Music -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . In 2014 , Cardwell resurfaced with her seventh album The Art of Being , which was released on her new recording label Curly Gurly Records . In 2016 , Billboard magazine ranked her at # 43 amongst the Greatest of All Time Top Dance Club Artists .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Seth Rogen landed a part on Undeclared.
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Seth Aaron Rogen -LRB- -LSB- ˈroʊɡən -RSB- born April 15 , 1982 -RRB- is a Canadian-American actor , filmmaker , and comedian . He began his career performing stand-up comedy during his teenage years , winning the Vancouver Amateur Comedy Contest in 1998 . While still living in his native Vancouver , he landed a supporting role in the series Freaks and Geeks . Shortly after he moved to Portland , Oregon for his role , Freaks and Geeks was officially cancelled after one season due to low viewership . Rogen later got a part on sitcom Undeclared , which also hired him as a staff writer . After landing his job as a staff writer on the final season of Da Ali G Show , for which he and the other writers received an Emmy Award nomination , he was guided by Judd Apatow toward a film career . Rogen made his first movie appearance in Donnie Darko with a minor role as a rebellious student in Donnie 's high school classes in 2001 . Rogen was cast in a major supporting role and credited as a co-producer in Apatow 's directorial debut , The 40-Year-Old Virgin . After Rogen received critical praise for his performance , Universal Pictures agreed to cast him as the lead in Apatow 's films Knocked Up and Funny People . Rogen co-starred as Steve Wozniak in Universal 's Steve Jobs biopic in 2015 . In 2016 , he developed the AMC television series Preacher with his writing partner Evan Goldberg and Sam Catlin . He also serves as a writer and executive producer , and directed the first two episodes of the series with Goldberg . Rogen and Goldberg co-wrote the films Superbad , Pineapple Express , The Green Hornet , This Is the End , and directed both This Is the End and The Interview ; all of which Rogen starred in . He has also done voice work for the films Horton Hears a Who ! , the Kung Fu Panda film series , The Spiderwick Chronicles , Monsters vs. Aliens , Paul , and Sausage Party .
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Peter O'Fallon is an American television director . He was born and raised in Colorado , and earned with a degree in film studies from the University of Colorado . He began his career in commercials winning several Cleo awards . After directing the independent cult feature film Suicide Kings , starring Christopher Walken and Denis Leary , and co-writing and directing A Rumor of Angels for MGM , starring Vanessa Redgrave and Ray Liotta , O'Fallon directed a stream of television pilots : American Gothic for CBS , That Was Then for ABC , Eureka for Syfy , Blade for Spike , and The Riches with Eddie Izzard and Minnie Driver , for which O'Fallon also served as executive producer . O'Fallon then co-created and directed for FX , Legit , TV series starring comedian Jim Jefferies . O'Fallon co-wrote all 26 episodes and directed 24 of them . He directed pilot Agent X for TNT starring Sharon Stone . He is executive producing Agent X for the run of the series , and completed as executive producer and director for Lifetime 's pilot Unreal starring Constance Zimmer and Shiri Appleby .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Jon Huntsman Jr. was appointed by George H.W. Bush to be the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the United States of America in the 1980s.
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Jon Meade Huntsman Jr. -LRB- born March 26 , 1960 -RRB- is an American politician , businessman , and diplomat who served as the 16th Governor of Utah from 2005 to 2009 , and as United States Ambassador to Singapore from 1992 to 1993 , and China from 2009 to 2011 . He has served in the administrations of five U.S. Presidents and was a candidate for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination . In January 2014 , Huntsman was named Chairman of the Washington-based foreign policy think-tank the Atlantic Council . It has been reported he was chosen to be the next Ambassador to Russia in March 2017 . Huntsman has served in every presidential administration since Ronald Reagan . He began his career as a White House staff assistant for Ronald Reagan , and was appointed Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce and United States Ambassador to Singapore by George H.W. Bush . Later as Deputy U.S. Trade Representative under George W. Bush , he launched global trade negotiations in Doha in 2001 and guided the accession of China into the World Trade Organization . He also served as CEO of his family-owned Huntsman Corporation and chairman of the Huntsman Cancer Foundation . In 2009 , he was appointed United States Ambassador to China by Barack Obama . While Governor , he was named Chairman of the Western Governors Association , and joined the Executive Committee of the National Governors Association . Under his leadership , Utah was named the best managed state in America by the Pew Center on the States . He won re-election in 2008 with nearly 78 % of the vote and left office with approval ratings over 80 % .
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Orson Swindle -LRB- born March 8 , 1937 in Thomasville , Georgia -RRB- , a decorated Vietnam War prisoner of war , was a Commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission of the United States from December 18 , 1997 to June 30 , 2005 . He had previously served as Assistant Secretary of Commerce during the Reagan Administration . Swindle previously served as State Director for the U.S. Department of Agriculture . In 1994 and in 1996 he was a Republican candidate for Congress in Hawaii 's 1st Congressional District . In 1996 he held the incumbent , Democrat Neil Abercrombie , to 50 % of the vote . Swindle served over twenty years as a Naval Aviator in the U.S. Marine Corps , and he retired as a lieutenant colonel .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Turn: Washington's Spies was renewed for a third 10-episode season.
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Turn : Washington 's Spies -LRB- formerly known as Turn and stylized as TURN : Washington 's Spies and TURИ : Washington 's Spies -RRB- is a period drama based on Alexander Rose 's book Washington 's Spies : The Story of America 's First Spy Ring -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , a history of the Culper Ring . The series debuted on AMC on April 6 , 2014 . Turn : Washington 's Spies was renewed for a second 10-episode season on June 23 , 2014 , which premiered on April 13 , 2015 , and for a third 10-episode season on July 15 , 2015 , which premiered on April 25 , 2016 . On July 26 , 2016 , Turn : Washington 's Spies was renewed for a fourth and final 10-episode season , which will air with a two-hour premiere on June 17 , 2017 .
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Forever is an American fantasy crime drama television series that aired on ABC as part of the 2014 -- 15 fall television season . Created by Matt Miller , it centers on the character of Dr. Henry Morgan , an immortal New York City medical examiner who uses his extensive knowledge to assist the New York City Police Department -LRB- NYPD -RRB- in solving crimes and to discover a way to end his immortality . Flashbacks within each episode reveal various details of Henry 's life . The series network aired a sneak preview on September 22 , 2014 , and resumed the series at 10 p.m. EST on September 23 , 2014 . Reception of the series was mixed . In the United States , television critics gave Forever mixed reviews , with critics divided over the series ' similarity to other crime dramas and the series ' premise . In contrast , voters in several online polls ranked the series as one of the best of the television season . Internationally , Forevers broadcast was well received in France and Spain . Although ABC gave the series a full-season episode order on November 7 , 2014 , the network cancelled Forever after one season . ABC cited the show 's live ratings as the rationale behind the decision . Television critics believed that other factors explained the network 's decision as the show gained viewers who watched the show up to seven days later on their DVRs . Fans of the series reacted strongly , creating a social media campaign to save the series ; despite these efforts , the series remains cancelled .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Divergent Series: Allegiant is based on a real story.
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The Divergent Series : Allegiant is a 2016 American action adventure film directed by Robert Schwentke with a screenplay by Bill Collage , Adam Cooper , and Noah Oppenheim . It is the first of two cinematic parts based on the novel Allegiant , the final book in the Divergent trilogy by Veronica Roth , and the third installment in The Divergent Series . The film stars Shailene Woodley , Theo James , Jeff Daniels , Miles Teller , Ansel Elgort , Zoë Kravitz , Maggie Q , Ray Stevenson , Bill Skarsgard , Octavia Spencer and Naomi Watts , and is the sequel to Insurgent and could be followed by the concluding entry , Ascendant -LRB- Allegiant and Ascendant were originally to be titled Allegiant -- Part 1 and Allegiant -- Part 2 -RRB- . Allegiant was released on March 18 , 2016 , in theaters and IMAX and received mainly negative reviews . The film was a financial disappointment , grossing $ 179 million worldwide , becoming the lowest-grossing Divergent film . This led to budget cuts on the fourth and the possibility that the final installment in the series , Ascendant , would be released as a TV movie instead of a theatrical one .
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is a manga series created by Yasunari Nagatoshi . In 2000 , the manga received the Shogakukan Manga Award for children 's manga . Viz Media is the licensor of the series in the United States . The series has not had a release in English . The series ' protagonist is , a fifth grader at `` Anytown '' Elementary School . A transfer student named enters Takashi 's class . Taro Tanaka turns out to be a space alien . Takashi becomes obsessed with trying to figure out the origins of Taro .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.David Beckham signed a contract.
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David Robert Joseph Beckham , -LRB- -LSB- ˈbɛkəm -RSB- born 2 May 1975 -RRB- is an English former professional footballer . He played for Manchester United , Preston North End , Real Madrid , Milan , LA Galaxy , Paris Saint-Germain , and the England national team for which he held the appearance record for an outfield player until 2016 when Wayne Rooney surpassed his total . He is the first English player to win league titles in four countries : England , Spain , the United States and France . He announced his retirement in May 2013 after a 20-year career , during which he won 19 major trophies . Known for his range of passing , crossing ability and bending free-kicks as a right winger , Beckham was runner up in the Ballon d'Or , twice runner-up for FIFA World Player of the Year and in 2004 he was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the world 's greatest living players . He was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2008 . A global ambassador for the sport , Beckham is regarded as a British cultural icon . Beckham 's professional club career began with Manchester United , where he made his first-team debut in 1992 aged 17 . With United , he won the Premier League title six times , the FA Cup twice , and the UEFA Champions League in 1999 . He then played four seasons with Real Madrid , winning the La Liga championship in his final season with the club . In July 2007 Beckham signed a five-year contract with Major League Soccer club LA Galaxy . While a Galaxy player , he spent two loan spells in Italy with Milan in 2009 and 2010 . He was the first British footballer to play 100 UEFA Champions League games . In international football , Beckham made his England debut on 1 September 1996 at the age of 21 . He was captain for six years , earning 58 caps during his tenure . He made 115 career appearances in total , appearing at three FIFA World Cup tournaments , in 1998 , 2002 and 2006 , and two UEFA European Championship tournaments , in 2000 and 2004 . Beckham has consistently ranked among the highest earners in football , and in 2013 he was listed as the highest-paid player in the world , earning over $ 50 million in the previous 12 months . He has been married to Victoria Beckham since 1999 and they have four children . He has been a UNICEF UK ambassador since 2005 , and in 2015 he launched 7 : The David Beckham UNICEF Fund . In 2014 , MLS announced Beckham and a group of investors would own an expansion team in Miami , which would begin in 2016 or 2017 .
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David Bright -LRB- born 5 September 1972 -RRB- is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Stoke City .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Warm Leatherette is by anyone but a record producer.
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Warm Leatherette is the fourth studio album by Grace Jones , released on 9 May 1980 by Island Records . The album features contributions from the reggae production duo Sly and Robbie and is a departure from Jones ' earlier disco sound , moving towards a new wave-reggae direction .
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Quiet World were an English band formed by The Heather Brothers John , Lee , and Neil Heather in 1969 ; to record their concept album `` The Road '' . The group consisted of John -LRB- vocals , songwriting -RRB- , Lea -LRB- vocals , songwriting -RRB- , and Neil -LRB- songwriting -RRB- , as well as future Genesis member Steve Hackett -LRB- lead guitar -RRB- and his brother John Hackett -LRB- flute , guitar -RRB- , Dick Driver -LRB- bass -RRB- , Gill Gilbert -LRB- backing vocals -RRB- , Phil Henderson -LRB- keyboards -RRB- , Eddy Hines -LRB- flute -RRB- , and Sean O'Mally -LRB- drums -RRB- . A 7 '' single `` Miss Whittington '' / `` There is a Mountain '' was released on the Dawn label in 1969 -LRB- as The Quiet World of Lea & John -RRB- and Quiet World released their debut album The Road in 1970 . Shortly thereafter , Steve Hackett left to join the progressive rock group Genesis as lead guitarist . The album was re-released on CD in 1999 . The Heather Brothers went on to international success with their musicals , A Slice of Saturday Night , Lust and thriller Blood Money . Their shows have enjoyed hundreds of productions worldwide and have been translated into 9 different languages . They also wrote , directed & produced two films , Seriously Twisted and The Big Finish . They are currently preparing their latest musical Camp Horror for its West End Premier . Phil Henderson composed the score for The Far Pavilions Shaftesbury Theatre , London 2005 . The Philip Henderson Orchestra features on Steve Hackett 's Feedback 86 album .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The French Open is also called by the name of a city.
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The French Open , often referred to as Roland-Garros -LRB- -LSB- ʁɔlɑ̃ ɡaʁɔs -RSB- -RRB- , is a major tennis tournament held over two weeks between late May and early June at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris , France . Named after the French aviator Roland Garros , it is the premier clay court tennis championship event in the world and the second of four annual Grand Slam tournaments , the other three being the Australian Open , Wimbledon and the US Open . Roland Garros is currently the only major held on clay , and it is the zenith of the spring clay court season . Because of the seven rounds needed for a championship , the slow-playing surface and the best-of-five-set men 's singles matches -LRB- without a tiebreak in the final set -RRB- , the event is widely considered to be the most physically demanding tennis tournament in the world .
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The 1947 French Championships -LRB- now known as the French Open -RRB- was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris , France . The tournament ran from 14 July until 26 July . It was the 46th staging of the French Championships . In 1947 -LRB- as in 1946 -RRB- the French Championships were held after Wimbledon and were thus the third Grand Slam tennis event of the year .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Silence of the Lambs is an American 1991 film.
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The Silence of the Lambs is a 1991 American horror-thriller film directed by Jonathan Demme and starring Jodie Foster , Anthony Hopkins , and Scott Glenn . Adapted by Ted Tally from the 1988 novel of the same name by Thomas Harris , his second to feature the character of Dr. Hannibal Lecter ; a brilliant psychiatrist and cannibalistic serial killer , the film was the second adaptation of a Harris novel featuring Lecter , preceded by the Michael Mann-directed Manhunter in 1986 . In the film , Clarice Starling , a young U.S. FBI trainee , seeks the advice of the imprisoned Dr. Lecter to apprehend another serial killer , known only as `` Buffalo Bill '' . The Silence of the Lambs was released on February 14 , 1991 , and grossed $ 272.7 million worldwide against its $ 19 million budget . It was only the third film , the other two being It Happened One Night and One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest , to win Academy Awards in all the top five categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director , and Adapted Screenplay . It is also the first -LRB- and so far only -RRB- Best Picture winner widely considered to be a horror film , and only the third such film to be nominated in the category , after The Exorcist in 1973 and Jaws in 1975 . The film is considered `` culturally , historically or aesthetically '' significant by the U.S. Library of Congress and was selected to be preserved in the National Film Registry in 2011 . A sequel titled Hannibal was released in 2001 with Hopkins reprising his role , followed by two prequels : Red Dragon -LRB- 2002 -RRB- and Hannibal Rising -LRB- 2007 -RRB- .
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Land of the Dead -LRB- also known as George A. Romero 's Land of the Dead -RRB- is a 2005 post-apocalyptic horror film written and directed by George A. Romero ; the fourth of Romero 's six Living Dead movies , it is preceded by Night of the Living Dead , Dawn of the Dead and Day of the Dead , and succeeded by Diary of the Dead and Survival of the Dead . It was released in 2005 , with a budget of $ 15 -- 19 million , the highest in the series , and became a success , grossing over $ 46 million . The story of Land of the Dead deals with a zombie assault on Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , where a feudal-like government exists . The survivors in the film have fled to the Golden Triangle area of downtown Pittsburgh . The region is protected on two sides by rivers and on the other by an electric barricade that survivors term `` the Throat . '' Released in North America on June 24 , 2005 , Land of the Dead received mostly positive reviews from film critics .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.British Fantasy Award categories have yet to include Best Short Story.
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The British Fantasy Awards are administered annually by the British Fantasy Society -LRB- BFS -RRB- and were first awarded in 1976 . Prior to that they were known as The August Derleth Fantasy Awards -LRB- see August Derleth Award -RRB- . First awarded in 1972 -LRB- The Knight of Swords by Michael Moorcock -RRB- only for novels , the number of award categories increased and in 1976 the BFS renamed them collectively the British Fantasy Awards . The current award categories are Best Fantasy Novel -LRB- the Robert Holdstock Award -RRB- , Best Horror Novel -LRB- the August Derleth Award -RRB- , Best Novella , Best Short Story , Best Independent Press , Best Artist , Best Anthology , Best Collection , Best Comic/Graphic Novel , Best Non-Fiction , and Best Newcomer -LRB- the Sydney J. Bounds Award -RRB- , while the Karl Edward Wagner Award for `` important contribution to the genre or the Society '' is given at the discretion of the BFS committee . The membership of the BFS vote to determine the shortlists of the awards , the winners being decided by juries .
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Short Trips may refer to : BBC Short Trips , a series of three Doctor Who short story collections published by the BBC , or the first book in that series . Big Finish Short Trips , a series of 29 Doctor Who short story collections published by Big Finish Productions . Short Trips : Indefinable Magic , 2009 book
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Life After Death is by an American rapper.
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Life After Death is the second and final studio album by American rapper The Notorious B.I.G. , released on March 25 , 1997 , on Bad Boy Records . A double album , it was released posthumously following his death on March 9 , 1997 . It features collaborations with guest artists such as 112 , Jay-Z , Lil ' Kim , Mase , Bone Thugs-n-Harmony , Too $ hort , Angela Winbush , D.M.C. of Run-D.M.C . , R. Kelly , The LOX and Puff Daddy . Life After Death exhibits The Notorious B.I.G. further delving into the mafioso rap subgenre . The album is a sequel to his first album , Ready to Die , and picks up where the last song , `` Suicidal Thoughts '' , ends . The album was nominated for three Grammy Awards in 1998 including Best Rap Album , Best Rap Solo Performance for its first single `` Hypnotize '' , and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for its second single `` Mo Money Mo Problems '' . Life After Death has been considered by music writers as one of the seminal mafioso rap albums , along with Raekwon 's Only Built 4 Cuban Linx ... -LRB- 1995 -RRB- and Jay-Z 's Reasonable Doubt -LRB- 1996 -RRB- . In 2003 , the album was ranked number 476 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time .
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`` Illegal Life '' is a song by American hip hop duo Capone-N-Noreaga , released as the first single from their debut album , The War Report -LRB- 1997 -RRB- . The song features guest appearances from fellow American rappers Havoc and Tragedy Khadafi , both of which also produced the song .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Macbeth is a comedy with nothing to do with Shakespeare.
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Macbeth -LRB- -LSB- məkˈbɛθ -RSB- full title The Tragedy of Macbeth -RRB- is a tragedy by William Shakespeare ; it is thought to have been first performed in 1606 . It dramatises the damaging physical and psychological effects of political ambition on those who seek power for its own sake . Of all the plays that Shakespeare wrote during the reign of James I , who was patron of Shakespeare 's acting company , Macbeth most clearly reflects the playwright 's relationship with his sovereign . It was first published in the Folio of 1623 , possibly from a prompt book , and is Shakespeare 's shortest tragedy . A brave Scottish general named Macbeth receives a prophecy from a trio of witches that one day he will become King of Scotland . Consumed by ambition and spurred to action by his wife , Macbeth murders King Duncan and takes the Scottish throne for himself . He is then wracked with guilt and paranoia . Forced to commit more and more murders to protect himself from enmity and suspicion , he soon becomes a tyrannical ruler . The bloodbath and consequent civil war swiftly take Macbeth and Lady Macbeth into the realms of madness and death . Shakespeare 's source for the story is the account of Macbeth , King of Scotland ; Macduff ; and Duncan in Holinshed 's Chronicles -LRB- 1587 -RRB- , a history of England , Scotland , and Ireland familiar to Shakespeare and his contemporaries , although the events in the play differ extensively from the history of the real Macbeth . The events of the tragedy are usually associated with the execution of Henry Garnet for complicity in the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 . In the backstage world of theatre , some believe that the play is cursed , and will not mention its title aloud , referring to it instead as `` The Scottish Play '' . Over the course of many centuries , the play has attracted some of the most renowned actors to the roles of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth . It has been adapted to film , television , opera , novels , comics , and other media .
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Measure for Measure is a play by William Shakespeare , believed to have been written in 1603 or 1604 . Originally published in the First Folio of 1623 , where it was listed as a comedy , the play 's first recorded performance occurred in 1604 . The play 's main themes include justice , `` mortality and mercy in Vienna , '' and the dichotomy between corruption and purity : `` some rise by sin , and some by virtue fall . '' Mercy and virtue predominate , since the play does not end tragically . Additionally , traces of Christian virtues such as compassion and forgiveness can be identified in the ending of the production . While the play focuses on justice overall , the final scene illustrates that Shakespeare intended for Christian justice to be restored more so than true civil justice . This is highlighted through a number of the characters receiving understanding and leniency , instead of the harsh punishment they , according to the law , could have been sentenced with . Measure for Measure is often called one of Shakespeare 's problem plays . It was , and continues to be , classified as comedy , though its tone may defy those expectations .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Emmy Rossum was an extra in Songcatcher (2000).
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Emmanuelle Grey `` Emmy '' Rossum -LRB- born September 12 , 1986 -RRB- is an American actress , director and singer-songwriter . She is known for her portrayal of Fiona Gallagher in the television series Shameless . Rossum has starred in movies including Songcatcher -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , An American Rhapsody , -LRB- 2001 -RRB- and Passionada -LRB- 2002 -RRB- . Her role in Mystic River -LRB- 2003 -RRB- garnered her wider recognition . She starred in the science-fiction film The Day After Tomorrow -LRB- 2004 -RRB- and received critical acclaim for her performance in the leading role of Christine Daaé in The Phantom of the Opera -LRB- 2004 -RRB- . She has since starred in Poseidon -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Dragonball : Evolution -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , Dare -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , Beautiful Creatures -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , Before I Disappear -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , You 're Not You -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and Comet -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . In 2007 , Rossum released her debut album , Inside Out . She also released a Christmas EP the same year , titled Carol of the Bells . In 2013 , she released a follow up album called Sentimental Journey .
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The discography of American rock band Soul Asylum consists of 11 studio albums , two live albums , five compilation albums , two extended plays -LRB- EPs -RRB- , 22 singles , and 17 music videos . Formed in 1981 in Minneapolis , Minnesota using the name Loud Fast Rules , the band 's original lineup consisted of vocalist Dave Pirner , guitarist Dan Murphy , bassist Karl Mueller , and drummer Pat Morley . The band changed their name to Soul Asylum prior to the release of Say What You Will ... Everything Can Happen in 1984 . Later that year , Morley was replaced on drums by Grant Young . The band released two studio albums for Twin/Tone Records in 1986 , Made to Be Broken and While You Were Out , as well as the cassette-only Time 's Incinerator , a collection of B-sides , outtakes , and demos . Having a loyal and growing fan base , along with positive reviews from alternative rock critics , Soul Asylum signed with A&M Records in 1988 . They recorded the Clam Dip & Other Delights EP for European release , followed by the full-length Hang Time in 1988 . Produced by Lenny Kaye and Ed Stasium , Hang Time was well-received on college radio but the follow-up album , And the Horse They Rode in On -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , was a critical and commercial disappointment , resulting in the band being dropped by A&M . Soul Asylum signed with Columbia Records and released Grave Dancers Union in 1992 . The album 's first single , `` Somebody to Shove '' , went to number one on the Modern Rock chart , and `` Black Gold '' also received significant airplay on radio and MTV . `` Runaway Train '' crossed over to the pop charts , peaking at number five on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1993 and winning the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song . The song 's music video , directed by Tony Kaye , features photos of missing children and was adapted for several international markets . `` Runaway Train '' peaked at number one in Canada and reached the top 10 in the Netherlands , Germany , New Zealand , Sweden , Switzerland , and the United Kingdom . The song 's success helped Grave Dancers Union achieve double-platinum certification by Music Canada and by the Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- in the United States . The band 's seventh album , Let Your Dim Light Shine -LRB- 1995 -RRB- , peaked at number six in the US and in Canada . It was certified double-platinum in Canada and platinum in the US . Lead single `` Misery '' charted at number three in Canada and was a top 30 hit in the US , Australia , New Zealand , and the UK . In September 1995 , Soul Asylum performed at a concert commemorating the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame opening in Cleveland , Ohio . A two-disc compilation of the event released the following year features the band 's performances of `` Back Door Man '' with Iggy Pop and `` Sweet Jane '' with Lou Reed . Soul Asylum 's next studio album , Candy from a Stranger -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , charted in the US and Canada but it sold fewer copies and received less favorable reviews than its predecessors . After taking a break , the band began recording a new album in 2004 . However , sessions were put on hold when bassist Karl Mueller was diagnosed with throat cancer ; he died the following year . Guest musicians -- including bassist Tommy Stinson , who later joined the group as a permanent member -- were brought in to complete the album The Silver Lining -LRB- 2006 -RRB- . The band 's next album , Delayed Reaction -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , received positive reviews and it entered the US album charts , but founding member Dan Murphy left the group at the end of the year . Soul Asylum released their eleventh album , Change of Fortune , in 2016 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Marilyn Monroe did not star in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.
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Marilyn Monroe -LRB- born Norma Jeane Mortenson ; June 1 , 1926 -- August 5 , 1962 -RRB- was an American actress and model . Famous for playing comic `` dumb blonde '' characters , she became one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s , emblematic of the era 's attitudes towards sexuality . Although she was a top-billed actress for only a decade , her films grossed $ 200 million by the time of her unexpected death in 1962 . She continues to be considered a major popular culture icon . Born and raised in Los Angeles , Monroe spent most of her childhood in foster homes and an orphanage and married at the age of sixteen . While working in a factory in 1944 as part of the war effort , she was introduced to a photographer from the First Motion Picture Unit and began a successful pin-up modeling career . The work led to short-lived film contracts with Twentieth Century-Fox -LRB- 1946 -- 1947 -RRB- and Columbia Pictures -LRB- 1948 -RRB- . After a series of minor film roles , she signed a new contract with Fox in 1951 . Over the next two years , she became a popular actress with roles in several comedies , including As Young as You Feel and Monkey Business , and in the dramas Clash by Night and Do n't Bother to Knock . Monroe faced a scandal when it was revealed that she had posed for nude photos before becoming a star , but rather than damaging her career , the story resulted in increased interest in her films . By 1953 , Monroe was one of the most marketable Hollywood stars , with leading roles in three films : the noir Niagara , which focused on her sex appeal , and the comedies Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and How to Marry a Millionaire , which established her star image as a `` dumb blonde '' . Although she played a significant role in the creation and management of her public image throughout her career , she was disappointed at being typecast and underpaid by the studio . She was briefly suspended in early 1954 for refusing a film project , but returned to star in one of the biggest box office successes of her career , The Seven Year Itch -LRB- 1955 -RRB- . When the studio was still reluctant to change her contract , Monroe founded a film production company in late 1954 ; she named it Marilyn Monroe Productions -LRB- MMP -RRB- . She dedicated 1955 to building her company and began studying method acting at the Actors Studio . In late 1955 , Fox awarded her a new contract , which gave her more control and a larger salary . After a critically acclaimed performance in Bus Stop -LRB- 1956 -RRB- and acting in the first independent production of MMP , The Prince and the Showgirl -LRB- 1957 -RRB- , she won a Golden Globe for Best Actress for Some Like It Hot -LRB- 1959 -RRB- . Her last completed film was the drama The Misfits -LRB- 1961 -RRB- . Monroe 's troubled private life received much attention . She struggled with substance abuse , depression , and anxiety . She had two highly publicized marriages , to retired baseball star Joe DiMaggio and playwright Arthur Miller , both of which ended in divorce . On August 5 , 1962 , she died at age 36 from an overdose of barbiturates at her home in Los Angeles . Although Monroe 's death was ruled a probable suicide , several conspiracy theories have been proposed in the decades following her death .
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Two-Faced Woman is a 1941 American romantic comedy film from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , directed by George Cukor and starring Greta Garbo in her final film role , Melvyn Douglas , and Constance Bennett . Garbo plays a wife who pretends to be her own fictitious twin sister in order to recapture the affections of her estranged husband -LRB- Douglas -RRB- , who has left her for a former girlfriend -LRB- Bennett -RRB- . The film is generally regarded as a box-office bomb and an unsuccessful attempt to `` Americanize '' Garbo in order to increase her United States fan base . By mutual agreement , Garbo 's contract with MGM was terminated shortly after Two-Faced Woman was released , and it became her last film .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.School 2013 is a television series.
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School 2013 is a 2012 South Korean television series starring Jang Nara , Choi Daniel , Lee Jong-suk and Kim Woo Bin . The teen drama depicts the struggles and dilemmas that modern-day Korean youth face , such as bullying , student suicides , school violence , deteriorating teacher-student relations , private tutoring and other real-life high school issues , all within the confines of one small classroom at Victory High School . It is the fifth installment of KBS 's `` School '' series which aired from 1999 through 2002 . It aired on KBS2 from December 3 , 2012 to January 28 , 2013 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 16 episodes .
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is a 2013 Japanese anime fantasy film directed by Takayuki Hirao .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Dwight D. Eisenhower committed America to defending Formosa.
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Dwight David `` Ike '' Eisenhower -LRB- -LSB- ˈaɪzənˌhaʊ.ər -RSB- ; October 14 , 1890 -- March 28 , 1969 -RRB- was an American politician and Army general who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 . He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces in Europe . He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942 -- 43 and the successful invasion of France and Germany in 1944 -- 45 from the Western Front . Eisenhower was born in Denison , Texas , and raised in Kansas in a large family of mostly Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry by parents with a strong religious background . His mother was born a Lutheran , married as a River Brethren and later converted to Jehovah 's Witnesses . Eisenhower did not belong to any denomination until he was President . He graduated from West Point in 1915 and later married Mamie Doud , with whom he had two sons . During World War I , he was denied a request to serve in Europe , instead commanding a unit training tank crews . Following the war , he served under several notable generals , and was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in 1941 . After the U.S. entered World War II , Eisenhower oversaw the successful invasions of North Africa and Sicily before supervising the invasions of France and Germany . After the war , Eisenhower served as Army Chief of Staff and then in an uncomfortable role as president of Columbia University . In 1951 -- 52 , he served as the first Supreme Commander of NATO . Eisenhower entered the 1952 presidential race as a Republican , in order to block the foreign policies of Senator Robert A. Taft . He won two landslide elections , becoming the first Republican winner to do so since 1928 . Eisenhower 's main goals in office were to contain the expansion of the Soviet Union and reduce federal deficits . In 1953 , he threatened the use of nuclear weapons until China agreed to terms regarding POWs in the Korean War . An armistice ended the stalemated conflict . His New Look policy of nuclear deterrence prioritized inexpensive nuclear weapons while reducing funding for expensive Army divisions . He continued Truman 's policy of recognizing the Republic of China as the legitimate government of China , and he won congressional approval of the Formosa Resolution . His administration provided major aid to help the French fight off Vietnamese Communists in the First Indochina War . After the French left he gave strong financial support to the new state of South Vietnam . He supported local military coups against hostile governments in Iran and Guatemala . During the Suez Crisis of 1956 , Eisenhower condemned the Israeli , British and French invasion of Egypt , and forced them to withdraw . He also condemned the Soviet invasion during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 but took no action . After the Soviet Union launched Sputnik in 1957 , Eisenhower authorized the establishment of NASA , which led to the space race . During the Syrian Crisis of 1957 he approved a CIA-MI6 plan to stage fake border incidents as an excuse for an invasion by Syria 's pro-western neighbours . He deployed 15,000 soldiers during the 1958 Lebanon crisis . Near the end of his term , his efforts to set up a summit meeting with the Soviets collapsed when an American spy plane was shot down over Russia . On the domestic front , Eisenhower was a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies and expanded Social Security . He covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy and contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking executive privilege . Eisenhower was reluctant to support civil rights but signed the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and sent Army troops to enforce federal court orders that integrated schools in Little Rock , Arkansas . His largest program was the Interstate Highway System . He promoted the establishment of strong science education via the National Defense Education Act . Eisenhower 's two terms saw widespread economic prosperity except for a minor recession in 1958 . In his farewell address to the nation , Eisenhower expressed his concerns about the dangers of massive military spending , particularly deficit spending and government contracts to private military manufacturers . Voted Gallup 's most admired man twelve times , he achieved widespread popular esteem both in and out of office . Since the late 20th century , consensus among Western scholars has consistently held Eisenhower as one of the greatest U.S. Presidents .
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Fort King George is a fort located in the U.S. state of Georgia in McIntosh County , adjacent to Darien . The fort was built in 1721 along what is now known as the Darien River and served as the southernmost outpost of the British Empire in the Americas until 1727 . The fort was constructed in what was then considered part of the colony of South Carolina , but was territory later settled as Georgia . It was part of a defensive line intended to encourage settlement along the colony 's southern frontier , from the Savannah River to the Altamaha River . Great Britain , France , and Spain were competing to control the American Southeast , especially the Savannah-Altamaha River region . Fort King George was a hardship for troops assigned there . A total of 140 officers -LRB- including Col. Barnwell -RRB- and soldiers died , mostly from camp diseases such as dysentery and malaria , due to poor sanitation -LRB- none from battle -RRB- . The soldiers made up The Independent Company of South Carolina , an `` invalid '' company of elderly British Regulars , one hundred in all , sent over from Great Britain . Their suffering was largely caused by their own poor health , and inadequate provisions due to poor funding . Problems such as periodic river flooding , indolence , starvation , excessive alcoholism , desertion , enemy threats , and potential mutiny exacerbated hardships at the fort . The fort was a model for General James Oglethorpe when he set up his southern defense system for Georgia and established a settlement along the Altamaha River . In 1736 , Oglethorpe brought Scottish colonists to settle the site of the abandoned Fort King George . They called their village New Inverness , later named Darien . That same year , Oglethorpe built Fort Frederica on Saint Simons Island . Oglethorpe borrowed extensively from ideas laid out earlier when South Carolina imperialists , such as John Barnwell , Joseph Bowdler , and Francis Nicholson , planned Fort King George as part of a defensive system . Operated by the state of Georgia as Fort King George Historic Site , the fort has been reconstructed and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . It is open to the public for historical tours . Structures include a blockhouse , officers ' quarters , barracks , a guardhouse , baking and brewing house , blacksmith shop , moat , and palisades . The park 's museum focuses on the 18th-century cultural history of the area , including the Guale , the 17th-century Spanish mission Santo Domingo de Talaje , the fort , and the Scottish colonists . An exhibit explains the 19th-century sawmilling at the site and the remains of two sawmills and ruins . Tabby cement ruins , based on a regional building material , also can be found on the property . Site staff offers living history programs year-round .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Andy Kaufman was a person who entertains.
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Andrew G. Kaufman -LRB- January 17 , 1949 -- May 16 , 1984 -RRB- was an American entertainer , actor , writer , performance artist and professional wrestler . While often referred to as a comedian , Kaufman described himself instead as a `` song and dance man . '' He disdained telling jokes and engaging in comedy as it was traditionally understood , once saying in a rare introspective interview , `` I am not a comic , I have never told a joke . ... The comedian 's promise is that he will go out there and make you laugh with him . ... My only promise is that I will try to entertain you as best I can . '' After working in small comedy clubs in the early 1970s , Kaufman first came to the attention of a wider audience in 1975 , when he was invited to perform portions of his act on the first season of Saturday Night Live . His Foreign Man character was the basis of his role as Latka Gravas on the hit television show Taxi , on which he appeared from 1978 until 1983 . During this time , he continued to tour comedy clubs and theaters in a series of unique performance art / comedy shows , sometimes appearing as himself and sometimes as obnoxiously rude lounge singer Tony Clifton . He was also a frequent guest on sketch comedy and late-night talk shows , particularly Late Night with David Letterman . In 1982 , Kaufman brought his professional wrestling villain act to Letterman 's show with a staged encounter with Jerry `` The King '' Lawler of the Continental Wrestling Association -LRB- although the fact that the altercation was planned in advance was not publicly disclosed for over a decade -RRB- . Kaufman died of lung cancer at age 35 in 1984 . However , because pranks and elaborate ruses were major elements of his career , persistent rumors have circulated insisting that Kaufman faked his own death as a grand hoax . His body of work maintains a cult following and he continues to be respected for his original material , unique performance style , and unflinching commitment to character .
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Manny `` Sharkman '' Puig -LRB- born 25 January 1954 -RRB- is an American wildlife entertainer . Puig is known for his direct approach when dealing with dangerous animals such as sharks , black bears and American alligators . He has made frequent appearances on the television shows Jackass and Wildboyz and also on the Animal Planet show Gator Boys .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Anna Kendrick did not act in a 2012 musical comedy.
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Anna Cooke Kendrick -LRB- born August 9 , 1985 -RRB- is an American actress and singer . She began her career as a child actor in theater productions . Her first prominent role was in the 1998 Broadway musical High Society , which earned her a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Musical . She made her film debut in the musical comedy Camp -LRB- 2003 -RRB- . Kendrick rose to prominence for her supporting role in The Twilight Saga -LRB- 2008 -- 12 -RRB- , the film franchise based on Stephenie Meyer 's book series . She received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Up in the Air -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . She achieved further fame for playing the protagonist in the 2012 musical comedy Pitch Perfect and the 2015 sequel , Pitch Perfect 2 . Kendrick has also featured in the comedy-drama 50/50 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , the crime-drama End of Watch -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , the musical-fantasy Into the Woods -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and the adult comedy Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . In 2016 , Kendrick published her memoir , Scrappy Little Nobody .
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`` Swan Song '' is the ninth episode of the fourth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the seventy-fifth episode overall . Written by Stacy Traub and directed by co-creator Brad Falchuk , it aired on Fox in the United States on December 6 , 2012 . The episode features the return of special guest stars Whoopi Goldberg as New York Academy of Dramatic Arts -LRB- NYADA -RRB- dean Carmen Tibideaux and Kate Hudson as NYADA dance instructor Cassandra July , on the eve of the school 's Winter Showcase .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Tom Felton was a The Borrowers cast member.
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Thomas Andrew `` Tom '' Felton -LRB- born 22 September 1987 -RRB- is an English actor . Felton began appearing in commercials when he was eight years old for companies such as Commercial Union and Barclaycard . He made his screen debut in the role of Peagreen Clock in The Borrowers -LRB- 1997 -RRB- and he portrayed Louis T. Leonowens in Anna and the King -LRB- 1999 -RRB- . He rose to prominence for his role as Draco Malfoy in the film adaptions of the best-selling Harry Potter fantasy novels by J.K. Rowling . His performances in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 won him two consecutive MTV Movie Awards for Best Villain in 2010 and 2011 . Following the conclusion of the series in 2011 , Felton appeared in the 2011 film Rise of the Planet of the Apes , a reboot of the Planet of the Apes series . He had roles in the minor films From the Rough -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and The Apparition -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , starred as James Ashford in the critically acclaimed period drama film Belle -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , followed by roles in In Secret -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and Against the Sun -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . Felton 's 2016 films include the epic biblical drama Risen , alongside Joseph Fiennes , and the period biopic A United Kingdom , alongside David Oyelowo and Rosamund Pike . He portrays Julian Albert / Doctor Alchemy on The Flash .
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Thomas John `` Tom '' Malloy -LRB- born December 8 , 1974 -RRB- is an American actor and filmmaker based in Los Angeles , California .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Lion King's main character is Scar.
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The Lion King is a 1994 American animated epic musical film , produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures . It is the 32nd Disney animated feature film . The story takes place in a kingdom of lions in Africa and was influenced by William Shakespeare 's Hamlet . The film was produced during a period known as the Disney Renaissance . The Lion King was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff , produced by Don Hahn , and has a screenplay credited to Irene Mecchi , Jonathan Roberts , and Linda Woolverton . Its original songs were written by composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice , and original scores were written by Hans Zimmer . The film features an ensemble voice cast that includes Matthew Broderick , James Earl Jones , Jeremy Irons , Jonathan Taylor Thomas , Moira Kelly , Nathan Lane , Ernie Sabella , Rowan Atkinson , Robert Guillaume , Madge Sinclair , Whoopi Goldberg , Cheech Marin , and Jim Cummings . The Lion King tells the story of Simba , a young lion who is to succeed his father , Mufasa , as King of the Pride Lands ; however , after Simba 's uncle Scar murders Mufasa , Simba is manipulated into thinking he was responsible and flees into exile . Upon maturation living with two wastrels , Simba is given some valuable perspective from his childhood friend , Nala , and his shaman , Rafiki , before returning to challenge Scar to end his tyranny and take his place in the Circle of Life as the rightful King . Development of The Lion King began in 1988 during a meeting between Jeffrey Katzenberg , Roy E. Disney , and Peter Schneider while promoting Oliver & Company in Europe . Thomas Disch wrote a film treatment , and Woolverton developed the first scripts while George Scribner was signed on as director , being later joined by Allers . Production began in 1991 concurrently with Pocahontas , which wound up attracting most of Disney 's top animators . Some time after the staff traveled to Hell 's Gate National Park in Kenya to research on the film 's setting and animals , Scribner left production disagreeing with the decision to turn the film into a musical and was replaced by Minkoff . When Hahn joined the project , he was dissatisfied with the script and the story was promptly rewritten . Nearly 20 minutes of animation sequences were produced at Disney-MGM Studios in Florida . Computer animation was also used in several scenes , most notably in the wildebeest stampede sequence . The Lion King was released on June 15 , 1994 , to a positive reaction from critics , who praised the film for its music , story , and animation ; it finished its theatrical run as the highest-grossing release of 1994 and the second highest-grossing film of all time . The Lion King garnered two Academy Awards for its achievement in music and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy . The film has led to many derived works , such as a Broadway adaptation ; two direct-to-video follow-ups -- the sequel , The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , and the prequel/parallel , The Lion King 1 1/2 -LRB- 2004 -RRB- -- ; two television series , Timon and Pumbaa and The Lion Guard ; and a 3D re-release , in 2011 . In 2016 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A CGI live-action remake of the film is scheduled for a July 19 , 2019 release in the United States .
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Kevin Richardson -LRB- born 8 October 1974 -RRB- , known as `` The Lion Whisperer '' , is a South African animal behaviourist who has worked extensively with native animals of Africa .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Darius Rucker founded a band in 1986 at the University of South Carolina.
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Darius Carlos `` Hootie '' Rucker -LRB- born May 13 , 1966 -RRB- is an American singer and songwriter . He first gained fame as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the Grammy Award-winning American rock band Hootie & the Blowfish , which he founded in 1986 at the University of South Carolina along with Mark Bryan , Jim `` Soni '' Sonefeld and Dean Felber . The band has released five studio albums with him as a member , and charted six top 40 hits on the Billboard Hot 100 . Rucker co-wrote the majority of the band 's songs with the other three members . He released a solo R&B album , Back to Then , in 2002 on Hidden Beach Recordings but did not chart any singles from it . Six years later , Rucker signed to Capitol Nashville as a country music singer , releasing the album , Learn to Live that year . Its first single , `` Do n't Think I Do n't Think About It '' , made him the first black artist to reach number one on the Hot Country Songs charts since Charley Pride in 1983 . -LRB- Ray Charles hit number one in March 1985 in a duet with Willie Nelson with Seven Spanish Angels -RRB- . It was followed by two more number one singles , `` It Wo n't Be Like This for Long '' and `` Alright '' and the number three , `` History in the Making . '' In 2009 , he became the first black American to win the New Artist Award from the Country Music Association , and only the second black to win any award from the association . A second album , Charleston , SC 1966 , was released on October 12 , 2010 . The album includes the number one singles , `` Come Back Song '' and `` This '' .
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Formed in Basking Ridge , New Jersey in 1980 , the band Uncle Green consisted of Matt Brown -LRB- guitar and vocals -RRB- , Jeff Jensen -LRB- guitar , vocals -RRB- , Bill Decker -LRB- bass and keyboards -RRB- , Pete McDade -LRB- drums -RRB- , and Danny Giordano -LRB- tambourine and vocals -RRB- . Brown and Jensen were the principal songwriters and vocalists for the group . After relocating to Atlanta , the band recorded a single , `` Holes '' b/w `` Heaven '' , in 1986 , and two independent records , Get It Together and 15 Dryden , for New Vision Records in 1987 and 1988 . Creative differences led Giordano to leave Atlanta for New York after the first LP , where he formed the band Humbolts . Uncle Green soon met an ascendant Brendan O'Brien , near the beginning of his producing career , with whom they recorded the albums You and What An Experiment His Head Was for DB Records . After establishing themselves as a well-known regional college-rock band , they signed a contract with Atlantic Records in 1992 and recorded Book of Bad Thoughts . Like all of their efforts , the album was lauded by critics , but establishing commercial viability proved more difficult . Subsequent tours supporting The Reivers , Semisonic , The Black Crowes , Matthew Sweet , They Might Be Giants , Robyn Hitchcock and Ben Folds Five helped increased their visibility . In 1994 , the band took part in the Indigo Girls project Jesus Christ Superstar : A Resurrection and appear on the studio cast album . In 1995 part of a solo Matt Brown set recorded at Eddie 's Attic in Decatur , Georgia , was included on the album Solo , Volume I , released by the independent label Sister Ruby . The album included original songs that do not appear on any of the group 's albums , as well as a cover of Big Star 's `` Nighttime '' . The same year , Uncle Green contributed a version of `` Ballad of a Thin Man '' to A Tribute to Bob Dylan , Vol . 2 , also on the Sister Ruby label . Disappointed with their limited success , the band renamed themselves 3 lb . Thrill -LRB- the weight of the human brain -RRB- and recorded the harder-edged Vulture for O'Brien 's new label , 57 Records , a subsidiary of Epic . This spawned a minor radio hit , `` Diana '' , which examined the uncomfortable subject of child molestation and suffered commercially as a result . A video was recorded for the single `` Something Will Come '' , directed by Peter Christopherson . 3 lb . Thrill 's second album , Rycopa , was recorded in 1997 with engineer Caram Costanzo but remained unavailable until December 2011 , when fans supported a Kickstarter fundraising campaign for its release after the missing master tapes were found and acquired from Sony . They also used the opportunity to release a collection of outtakes called Scrapple . A very prolific band , numerous other compilations of unreleased recordings circulate among fans . Matt Brown 's solo album Morning After Medicine Show , recorded with producer Rick Neigher , drummers Pete Thomas and Dan McCarroll , and keyboardist Rami Jaffee , was recorded in 1999 and also saw limited release in 2011 . Several other unreleased solo projects circulate . Brown toured as a musician for Brad in 1997 , and produced the album Eleven Emergency Lessons for indie-rock band Amphibian Skin in 2003 , on which Jensen and McDade also perform . McDade 's drums can also be heard on Atlanta musician Paul Melançon 's album , Camera Obscura , released by Daemon Records in 2002 . In 2005 and in 2006 , as 3 lb . Thrill and Uncle Green respectively , the band reunited for special performances at Smith 's Olde Bar in Atlanta and Eddie 's Attic in Decatur , Georgia . In 2009 , Brown played a rare solo set , opening for Jon Auer at Eddie 's Attic . McDade played percussion and Jensen provided occasional backing vocals . In February 2012 , performing simultaneously as both Uncle Green and 3 lb . Thrill , the band came together for a show at Smith 's Olde Bar to celebrate the release of Rycopa . In April 2012 , Matt Brown created the Facebook Theme Music Group , which quickly grew from a handful of musicians to over 800 members by its one-year anniversary in April 2013 . Members include Jeff Jensen and Pete McDade of Uncle Green as well as professional and amateur musicians from the United States , Canada , the United Kingdom , and Ireland .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Wrath of the Titans was released in 3D and also in 2D.
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Wrath of the Titans is a 2012 3D epic action adventure fantasy film that is a sequel to the 2010 film Clash of the Titans . The film stars Sam Worthington , Rosamund Pike , Bill Nighy , Édgar Ramírez , Toby Kebbell , Danny Huston , Ralph Fiennes , and Liam Neeson , with Jonathan Liebesman directing a screenplay by Dan Mazeau and David Leslie Johnson . Wrath of the Titans takes place a decade after the events of the preceding film as the gods lose control over the imprisoned Titans -LRB- thanks to humanity 's lack of prayers which also is draining their immortality -RRB- and Perseus is called , this time to rescue his father Zeus , overthrow the Titans , and save mankind . Talk of a sequel began with the release of Clash of the Titans in March 2010 . Scribes Dan Mazeau and David Leslie Johnson were hired in June 2010 and director Jonathan Liebesman was brought on board in August 2010 . The majority of the casting took place between January and February 2011 . Principal photography began in London in March 2011 . Like its predecessor , the film was converted to 3D in post-production . Wrath of the Titans was released in 2D and 3D on March 30 , 2012 in the United States . The film received widespread negative reception from critics and grossed $ 305 million worldwide . A sequel entitled Revenge of the Titans was planned to a 2013 release , but was cancelled due to the two films 's critical failures and to less in ideas for the script .
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Heroes of Might and Magic V is the fifth instalment of the Heroes of Might and Magic fantasy turn-based strategy video game series . The game was released by Ubisoft in Europe on May 16 , and then in the United States and Canada on May 24 , 2006 , with the publisher guiding Nival Interactive in its development . Following the closure of The 3DO Company , Ubisoft bought the rights to the Might and Magic franchise , and used Heroes V as a means to reboot the series with a brand new setting , called Ashan , and no continuity to previous titles . Like the other games in the series , players take control of `` heroes '' -- leaders with magical abilities -- who provide their services for a faction , recruiting an army from settlement strongholds , such as castles , out of various forces -- humanoid , undead , monsters , and so forth - and then doing battle against roaming armies , enemy heroes and rival factions . The game features a campaign series that covers six factions from Ashan , along with stand-alone and multiplayer scenarios . Unlike the preceding games in the series , which used 2D computer graphics but with some isometric touches , Heroes V was the first to be completely 3D .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Philip V of Spain was the king of a European country.
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Philip V -LRB- Felipe V , Philippe , Filippo 19 December 1683 -- 9 July 1746 -RRB- was King of Spain from 1 November 1700 to 15 January 1724 , when he abdicated in favour of his son Louis , and from 6 September 1724 , when he reassumed the throne upon his son 's death , to his own death 9 July 1746 . Before his reign , Philip occupied an exalted place in the royal family of France as a grandson of King Louis XIV . His father , Louis , the Grand Dauphin , had the strongest genealogical claim to the throne of Spain when it became vacant in 1700 . However , since neither the Grand Dauphin nor Philip 's older brother , Louis , Duke of Burgundy , could be displaced from their place in the succession to the French throne , King Charles II of Spain named Philip as his heir in his will . It was well known that the union of France and Spain under one monarch would upset the balance of power in Europe , such that other European powers would take steps to prevent it . Indeed , Philip 's accession in Spain provoked the 14-year War of the Spanish Succession , which continued until the Treaty of Utrecht forbade any future possibility of unifying the French and Spanish thrones . Philip was the first member of the House of Bourbon to rule as king of Spain . The sum of his two reigns , 45 years and 21 days , is the longest in modern Spanish history .
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Philippe François de Berghes -LRB- 1646 -- 1704 -RRB- was a diplomat and military commander in the Spanish Netherlands and became the first bearer of the title of prince of Grimberghen .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Danish Girl is based on a TV show by David Ebershoff.
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The Danish Girl is a 2015 British-American romantic drama film directed by Tom Hooper , based on the 2000 fictional novel of the same name by David Ebershoff and loosely inspired by the lives of Danish painters Lili Elbe and Gerda Wegener . The film stars Eddie Redmayne as Elbe , one of the first known recipients of sex reassignment surgery , Alicia Vikander as Wegener , Ben Whishaw as Henrik , Sebastian Koch as Dr. Kurt Warnekros , Amber Heard as Ulla Paulson and Matthias Schoenaerts as Hans Axgil . The film was screened in the main competition section of the 72nd Venice International Film Festival , and it was shown in the Special Presentations section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival . The film was released in a limited release on 27 November 2015 by Focus Features in the United States . The film was released on 1 January 2016 , in the United Kingdom , with Universal Pictures International handling international distribution . The film received some criticism for its inaccurate portrayal of historical events , but Redmayne and Vikander 's performances received widespread acclaim and nominations for all of the major acting awards . Vikander won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and Redmayne was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor . It was also nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best British Film .
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The Girl is an independent film written and directed by David Riker , and starring Abbie Cornish and Will Patton . It debuted at the 2012 Tribeca Film Festival . It opened in select theaters for a one-week awards-qualifying period on December 14 , 2012 , and will have a full theatrical release in March 2013 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Singapore is not dominated by the PAP.
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Singapore -LRB- -LSB- ˈsɪŋgəpɔr -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Republic of Singapore , sometimes referred to as the Lion City , the Garden City or the Little Red Dot , is a sovereign city-state in Southeast Asia . It lies one degree -LRB- 137 km -RRB- north of the equator , at the southern tip of peninsular Malaysia , with Indonesia 's Riau Islands to the south . Singapore 's territory consists of one main island along with 62 other islets . Since independence , extensive land reclamation has increased its total size by 23 % -LRB- 130 km2 -RRB- , and its greening policy has covered the densely populated island with tropical flora , parks and gardens . Stamford Raffles founded colonial Singapore in 1819 as a trading post of the East India Company ; after its collapse and the eventual establishment of the British Raj , the islands were ceded to Britain and became part of its Straits Settlements in 1826 . During the Second World War , Singapore was occupied by Japan . It gained independence from the UK in 1963 by federating with other former British territories to form Malaysia , but separated two years later over ideological differences , becoming a sovereign nation in 1965 . After early years of turbulence , and despite lacking natural resources and a hinterland , the nation developed rapidly as an Asian Tiger economy , based on external trade and its workforce . Singapore is a global commerce , finance and transport hub . Its standings include : the most `` technology-ready '' nation -LRB- WEF -RRB- , top International-meetings city -LRB- UIA -RRB- , city with `` best investment potential '' -LRB- BERI -RRB- , second-most competitive country , third-largest foreign exchange market , third-largest financial centre , third-largest oil refining and trading centre , and the second-busiest container port . The country has also been identified as a tax haven . Singapore ranks 5th on the UN Human Development Index and the 3rd highest GDP per capita . It is ranked highly in education , healthcare , life expectancy , quality of life , personal safety , and housing . Although income inequality is high , 90 % of homes are owner-occupied . 38 % of Singapore 's 5.6 million residents are permanent residents and other foreign nationals . There are four official languages : English -LRB- common and first language -RRB- , Malay , Mandarin , Tamil ; almost all Singaporeans are bilingual . Singapore is a unitary multiparty parliamentary republic , with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government . The People 's Action Party has won every election since self-government in 1959 . The dominance of the PAP , coupled with a low level of press freedom and restrictions on civil liberties and political rights , has led to Singapore being classified by some as a semi-authoritarian regime . One of the five founding members of the ASEAN , Singapore is also the host of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation -LRB- APEC -RRB- Secretariat , and a member of the East Asia Summit , Non-Aligned Movement , and the Commonwealth of Nations .
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The Leader of the Opposition of Singapore is usually the leader of the second largest political party represented in the Parliament of Singapore . During the 1955 Legislative Assembly election , the late Lee Kuan Yew was the de facto Leader of the Opposition , as the People 's Action Party was then the second largest political party represented in the Legislative Assembly . The current de facto Leader of Opposition is Low Thia Khiang of Workers ' Party of Singapore .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Paul Pierce attended no universities.
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Paul Anthony Pierce -LRB- born October 13 , 1977 -RRB- is an American former professional basketball player who played 19 seasons in the National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- . Pierce was a high school McDonald 's All-American and earned All-America first team honors in his junior year at Kansas . Pierce spent the first fifteen years of his career with the Boston Celtics , who drafted him with the 10th overall pick in the 1998 NBA draft . He became a bone fide star as captain of the Celtics , earning ten All-Star nods and becoming a four-time All-NBA team member . After nine seasons of leading the Celtics as their sole star player , Pierce combined with Kevin Garnett and Ray Allen in 2007 to form a `` Big Three '' that together led Boston to the NBA Finals in 2008 and 2010 , winning the 2008 NBA Championship . Pierce was instrumental to the Celtics ' 2008 championship run , as he was awarded the Finals MVP after averaging 22 points per game . Pierce is one of only three players , alongside Larry Bird and John Havlicek , to score over 20,000 points in their career with the Celtics alone . He holds the Celtics ' record for most three-point field goals made and also ranks third in team history in games played , second in points scored , seventh in total rebounds , fifth in total assists , and first in total steals . He has also made the fourth most three-point field goals in NBA history , behind only Jason Terry , Reggie Miller and Ray Allen . His nickname , `` The Truth '' , was given to him by Shaquille O'Neal in March 2001 . In July 2013 , Pierce was included in a deal that sent him to the Brooklyn Nets , along with teammates Kevin Garnett and Jason Terry . He signed with the Washington Wizards the following offseason , but after just one season with the Wizards , he moved back home to Los Angeles and reunited with his former Celtics coach Doc Rivers at the Clippers . He spent two seasons with the Clippers before retiring following the 2016 -- 17 season .
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Cameron Pierce -LRB- born 26 October 1991 -RRB- is a rugby union lock who plays for Pau and Canada . Pierce made his debut for Canada in 2013 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Purple is by Stone Temple Pilots.
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Purple is the second studio album by the American rock band Stone Temple Pilots , released on June 7 , 1994 by Atlantic Records . The album , building off the foundations laid by the band 's debut album Core , was a huge success for the band , debuting at # 1 on the Billboard 200 chart and remaining there for three weeks , eventually selling over six million copies . It spawned a number of successful singles -- `` Vasoline '' and `` Interstate Love Song '' both topped the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and hit number 2 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart , while `` Big Empty '' also cracked the top ten on both charts . Lesser known album cuts `` Pretty Penny '' and `` Unglued '' were also released as promotional radio singles .
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Rock On is the fourth studio album by the English rock group Humble Pie , released in 1971 . It reached # 118 on the Billboard 200 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Colin Firth won a Golden Globe.
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Colin Andrew Firth , -LRB- born 10 September 1960 -RRB- is an English actor . His films have grossed more than $ 3 billion from 42 releases worldwide . Firth has received an Academy Award , a Golden Globe Award , two BAFTA Awards , and three Screen Actors Guild Awards , as well as the Volpi Cup . Firth 's most notable and acclaimed role to date has been his 2010 portrayal of King George VI in The King 's Speech , a performance that earned him an Oscar and multiple worldwide best actor awards . Identified in the late 1980s with the `` Brit Pack '' of rising , young British actors , it was not until Firth 's portrayal of Mr. Darcy in the 1995 television adaptation of Jane Austen 's Pride and Prejudice that he received more widespread attention . This led to roles in films such as The English Patient , Bridget Jones 's Diary -LRB- for which Firth was nominated for a BAFTA -RRB- , Shakespeare in Love , and Love Actually . In 2009 , Firth received widespread critical acclaim for his leading role in A Single Man , for which Firth gained his first Academy Award nomination , and won a BAFTA Award . Firth starred in the action spy movie Kingsman : The Secret Service in 2014 , which was a commercial success and received generally positive reviews . In 2011 , Firth received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , and was also selected as one of the Time 100 . He was awarded an honorary degree from the University of Winchester in 2007 , and was made a Freeman of the City of London in 2012 . He has campaigned for the rights of indigenous tribal peoples , and is a member of Survival International . Firth has also campaigned on issues of asylum seekers , refugees ' rights , and the environment . He commissioned and is credited as a co-author on a scientific paper on a study into the differences in brain structure between people of differing political orientations .
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The Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress -- Series , Miniseries , or Television Film is an award presented annually by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association -LRB- HFPA -RRB- . It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in a supporting role on a television series , miniseries or motion picture made for television for the calendar year . The award was first presented at the 28th Golden Globe Awards on February 5 , 1971 to Gail Fisher for her role on Mannix . It was presented under the title Best Supporting Actress -- Television Series before changing to its current title in 1980 . Since its inception , the award has been given to 44 actresses . Olivia Colman is the current recipient of the award for her portrayal of Angela Burr on The Night Manager . Valerie Bertinelli , Faye Dunaway , and Polly Holliday have won the most awards in this category with two each . Rhea Perlman has been nominated for the award on six occasions , the most within the category .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Tom Cruise was in Minority Report.
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Thomas Cruise Mapother IV -LRB- born July 3 , 1962 -RRB- , known professionally as Tom Cruise , is an American actor and producer . He has been nominated for three Academy Awards and has won three Golden Globe Awards . He started his career at age 19 in the film Endless Love -LRB- 1981 -RRB- . After portraying supporting roles in Taps -LRB- 1981 -RRB- and The Outsiders -LRB- 1983 -RRB- , his first leading role was in the romantic comedy Risky Business , released in August 1983 . Cruise became a full-fledged movie star after starring as Pete `` Maverick '' Mitchell in the action drama Top Gun -LRB- 1986 -RRB- . One of the biggest movie stars in Hollywood , Cruise starred in several more successful films in the 1980s , including the dramas The Color of Money -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , Cocktail -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , Rain Man -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , and Born on the Fourth of July -LRB- 1989 -RRB- . In the 1990s , he starred in a number of hit films , including the romance Far and Away -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , the drama A Few Good Men -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , the legal thriller The Firm -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , the drama horror film Interview with the Vampire -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , the romantic comedy-drama sports film Jerry Maguire -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , the erotic thriller Eyes Wide Shut , and the drama Magnolia -LRB- both 1999 -RRB- . Since 1996 , Cruise has been well known for his role as IMF agent Ethan Hunt in the Mission : Impossible film series , whose most recent film , Mission : Impossible -- Rogue Nation , was released in 2015 . In the 2000s , Cruise starred in a number of successful films , including the science fiction thrillers Vanilla Sky -LRB- 2001 -RRB- and Minority Report -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , the epic war film The Last Samurai -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , the crime film Collateral -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , the science fiction disaster thriller War of the Worlds -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , and the historical thriller Valkyrie -LRB- 2008 -RRB- . In the 2010s , he has starred in the action comedy Knight and Day -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , the thriller Jack Reacher -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , the post-apocalyptic science fiction film Oblivion -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , and the military science fiction film Edge of Tomorrow -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . In 2012 , Cruise was Hollywood 's highest-paid actor . 16 of his films grossed over $ 100 million domestically ; 22 have grossed in excess of $ 200 million worldwide . He has won Golden Globe Awards for Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture in Drama in 1990 for Born on the Fourth of July ; Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture in Comedy/Musical in 1997 for Jerry Maguire ; and Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture in 2000 for Magnolia . In 2002 , Cruise won the Saturn Award for Best Actor for Vanilla Sky . In 2003 , he won an AFI Movie of the Year Award for The Last Samurai and an Empire Award for Best Actor for Minority Report . Cruise is an outspoken advocate for the Church of Scientology and its associated social programs , and credits it with helping him overcome dyslexia . In the 2000s , his criticisms of psychiatry and anti-depressant drugs , particularly therapy for 9/11 rescue workers , and efforts to promote Scientology as a religion in Europe , sparked controversies , as did a leaked video interview of him promoting Scientology .
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Cruise/Wagner Productions is an American independent film production company . The company was founded by actor Tom Cruise and former casting agent Paula Wagner . Cruise/Wagner was formed to give Cruise more control over the projects that he acts in and retain more of the profits . The company has grossed more than $ 2.9 billion in box office proceeds since it was founded in September 1993 . Cruise/Wagner had previously had an exclusive deal with Paramount Pictures , but in August 2006 Sumner Redstone , chairman of Viacom -LRB- parent company of Paramount Pictures -RRB- terminated that relationship citing Cruise 's comments in the media about psychiatry , anti-depressants and Brooke Shields ' handling of postpartum depression , and his taking up Scientology . However , the termination may have been more about money than anything else . Daniel Snyder , owner of the Washington Redskins and two hedge funds immediately stepped in , and in less than a week , secured financial backing . In November 2006 , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer came to Cruise/Wagner with a deal that gave them a percentage of the ownership in United Artists in an effort to revive the floundering production company . This deal unspooled less than two years later in August 2008 , when Wagner left the studio to return to producing .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.A quarry is where dimension stone is excavated.
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A quarry is a place from which dimension stone , rock , construction aggregate , riprap , sand , gravel , or slate has been excavated from the ground . A quarry is the same thing as an open-pit mine from which minerals are extracted . The only non-trivial difference between the two is that open-pit mines that produce building materials and dimension stone are commonly referred to as quarries . The word quarry can also include the underground quarrying for stone , such as Bath stone .
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A Hand drill is a hieroglyph , -LRB- and tool -RRB- , used in Ancient Egypt from the earliest dynasties . As a hieroglyph , it can also be used as a determinative for words related to the profession of vase , bowl , pot-making , etc. , typically from fine-grained , colorful rare stone , for example unguent jars . The size of drills was small-to-large , small for small unguent jars , and large for more massive , grain-storing pottery . The original jars found in tombs were more often used for ceremonial usages , presumably the reason they are found as grave goods or tomb offerings .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.From 1971 until 1980, William R. Tolbert Jr. served as President of Liberia.
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William Richard Tolbert Jr. -LRB- May 13 , 1913 -- April 12 , 1980 -RRB- was the 20th President of Liberia from 1971 until 1980 , when he was killed in a coup d'état led by Samuel Doe . Trained as a civil servant , he entered the country 's House of Representatives in 1943 for the True Whig Party , then the only established party in the country . He was elected Vice president to William Tubman in 1952 and served in that position until he became President following Tubman 's death in 1971 .
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Lloyd G. Jackson -LRB- May 30 , 1918 -- October 29 , 2011 -RRB- was the Democratic President of the West Virginia Senate from Lincoln County and served from 1969 to 1971 . Until his death he resided in Hamlin , West Virginia . He was married to Pauline Adkins and they had two children , Lloyd Jackson II and Suzanne Jackson . They also had two grandchildren , LG Jackson III -LRB- Lloyd -RRB- and Ryan Jackson .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act into law.
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Lyndon Baines Johnson -LRB- -LSB- ˈlɪndən_ˈbeɪnz_ˈdʒɒnsən -RSB- August 27 , 1908January 22 , 1973 -RRB- , often referred to as LBJ , was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969 , assuming the office after serving as the 37th Vice President of the United States under President John F. Kennedy from 1961 to 1963 . A Democrat from Texas , he also served as a United States Representative and as the Majority Leader in the United States Senate . Johnson is one of only four people who have served in all four federal elected positions . Born in a farmhouse in Stonewall , Texas , Johnson was a high school teacher and worked as a Congressional aide before winning election to the House of Representatives in 1937 . He won election to the Senate in 1948 , and was appointed the position of Senate Majority Whip in 1951 . He became the Senate Minority Leader in 1953 and the Senate Majority Leader in 1955 . As a leader in the Senate , Johnson became known for his domineering personality and the `` Johnson treatment '' , his aggressive coercion of powerful politicians to advance legislation . Johnson ran for the Democratic nomination in the 1960 presidential election . Although unsuccessful , he was chosen by then-Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts to be his running mate . They went on to win a close election over the Republican ticket of Richard Nixon and Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. , and Johnson was sworn in as Vice President on January 20 , 1961 . On November 22 , 1963 , Johnson succeeded Kennedy as President following the latter 's assassination . Johnson won a landslide re-election in 1964 , defeating Republican Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona . In domestic policy , Johnson designed the `` Great Society '' legislation by upholding civil rights , public broadcasting , Medicare , Medicaid , aid to education , the arts , urban and rural development , public services , and his `` War on Poverty '' . Assisted in part by a growing economy , the War on Poverty helped millions of Americans rise above the poverty line during his administration . Civil rights bills that he signed into law banned racial discrimination in public facilities , interstate commerce , the workplace , and housing ; the Voting Rights Act prohibited certain requirements in southern states used to disenfranchise African Americans . With the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 , the country 's immigration system was reformed , encouraging greater immigration from regions other than Europe . Johnson 's presidency marked the peak of modern liberalism after the New Deal era . In foreign policy , Johnson escalated American involvement in the Vietnam War . In 1964 , Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution , which granted Johnson the power to use military force in Southeast Asia without having to ask for an official declaration of war . The number of American military personnel in Vietnam increased dramatically , from 16,000 advisors in non-combat roles in 1963 to 525,000 in 1967 , many in combat roles . American casualties soared and the peace process bogged down . Growing unease with the war stimulated a large , angry antiwar movement based especially on university campuses . Johnson faced further troubles when summer riots broke out in most major cities after 1965 , and crime rates soared , as his opponents raised demands for `` law and order '' policies . While he began his presidency with widespread approval , support for Johnson declined as the public became upset with both the war and the growing violence at home . In 1968 , the Democratic Party factionalized as antiwar elements denounced Johnson ; he ended his bid for renomination after a disappointing finish in the New Hampshire primary . Nixon was elected to succeed him , as the New Deal coalition that had dominated presidential politics for 36 years collapsed . After he left office in January 1969 , Johnson returned to his Texas ranch , where he died of a heart attack at age 64 on January 22 , 1973 . Johnson is ranked favorably by many historians because of his domestic policies and the passage of many major laws that affected civil rights , gun control , wilderness preservation , and Social Security . He also drew substantial criticism for his handling of the Vietnam War .
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Diane Judith Nash -LRB- born May 15 , 1938 -RRB- is an American civil rights activist , and a leader and strategist of the student wing of the Civil Rights Movement . Nash 's campaigns were among the most successful of the era . Her efforts included the first successful civil rights campaign to integrate lunch counters -LRB- Nashville -RRB- ; the Freedom Riders , who desegregated interstate travel ; co-founding the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee -LRB- SNCC -RRB- ; and co-initiating the Alabama Voting Rights Project and working on the Selma Voting Rights Movement . This helped gain Congressional passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , which authorized the federal government to oversee and enforce state practices to ensure that African Americans and other minorities were not prevented from registering and voting .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Supremes were under a record label.
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The Supremes were an American female singing group and the premier act of Motown Records during the 1960s . Founded as the Primettes in Detroit , Michigan , in 1959 , the Supremes were the most commercially successful of Motown 's acts and are , to date , America 's most successful vocal group with 12 number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 . Most of these hits were written and produced by Motown 's main songwriting and production team , Holland -- Dozier -- Holland . At their peak in the mid-1960s , the Supremes rivaled the Beatles in worldwide popularity , and it is said that their success made it possible for future African American R&B and soul musicians to find mainstream success . Founding members Florence Ballard , Mary Wilson , Diana Ross , and Betty McGlown , all from the Brewster-Douglass public housing project in Detroit , formed the Primettes as the sister act to the Primes -LRB- with Paul Williams and Eddie Kendricks , who went on to form the Temptations -RRB- . Barbara Martin replaced McGlown in 1960 , and the group signed with Motown the following year as the Supremes . Martin left the act in early 1962 , and Ross , Ballard , and Wilson carried on as a trio . During the mid-1960s , the Supremes achieved mainstream success with Ross as lead singer . In 1967 , Motown president Berry Gordy renamed the group Diana Ross & the Supremes , and replaced Ballard with Cindy Birdsong . Ross left to pursue a solo career in 1970 and was replaced by Jean Terrell , at which point the group 's name reverted to the Supremes . After 1972 , the lineup changed more frequently ; Lynda Laurence , Scherrie Payne , and Susaye Greene all became members of the group during the mid-1970s . The Supremes disbanded in 1977 after 18 years .
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For the subsidiary label of Vee-Jay Records with the same name , see Falcon Records . Falcon Records was a Canadian record label formed in 1979 , which ceased operations in 1985 . It is notable for having released albums by Zon , Lydia Taylor and The Brains .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Jim Parsons has received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Television Series Musical or Comedy.
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James Joseph Parsons -LRB- born March 24 , 1973 -RRB- is an American actor . He is known for playing Sheldon Cooper in the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory . He has received several awards for his performance , including four Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Television Series Musical or Comedy . In 2011 , Parsons made his Broadway debut portraying Tommy Boatwright in the play The Normal Heart , for which he received a Drama Desk Award nomination . He reprised the role in the film adaptation of the play , and received his seventh Emmy nomination , this time in the category of Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie .
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59thGolden Globe Awards January 20 , 2002 at the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Beverly Hills , California Picture - Drama : A Beautiful Mind Picture - Musical or Comedy : Moulin Rouge ! TV Series - Drama : Six Feet Under TV Series - Musical or Comedy : Sex and the City The 59th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best in film and US television for 2001 , were held on January 20 , 2002 .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Apple Store originally opened in five locations.
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Apple Store is a chain of retail stores owned and operated by Apple Inc. . The stores sell Mac personal computers , iPhone smartphones , iPad tablet computers , iPod portable media players , Apple Watch smartwatches , Apple TV digital media players , software , and select third-party accessories . The first Apple Stores were originally opened as two locations in May 2001 by then-CEO Steve Jobs , after years of attempting but failing store-within-a-store concepts . Seeing a need for improved retail presentation of the company 's products , he began an effort in 1997 to revamp the retail program to get an improved relationship to consumers , and hired Ron Johnson in 2000 . Jobs relaunched Apple 's online store in 1997 , and opened the first two physical stores in 2001 . Despite initial media speculation that Apple would fail , its stores were highly successful , bypassing the sales numbers of competing nearby stores and within three years reached US$ 1 billion in annual sales , becoming the fastest retailer in history to do so . Over the years , Apple has expanded the number of retail locations and its geographical coverage , with 496 stores across 21 countries worldwide as of May 2017 . Strong product sales have placed Apple among the top-tier retail stores , with sales over $ 16 billion globally in 2011 . In May 2016 , Angela Ahrendts , Apple 's current Senior Vice President of Retail , unveiled a significantly redesigned Apple Store in Union Square , San Francisco , featuring large glass doors for the entry , open spaces , and rebranded rooms . In addition to purchasing products , consumers can get advice and help from `` Creative Pros '' - individuals with specialized knowledge of creative arts ; get product support in a tree-lined Genius Grove ; and attend sessions , conferences and community events , with Ahrendts commenting that the goal is to make Apple Stores into `` town squares '' , a place where people naturally meet up and spend time . The new design will be applied to all Apple Stores worldwide , a process that has seen stores temporarily relocate or close . Many Apple Stores are located inside shopping malls , but Apple has built several stand-alone `` flagship '' stores in high-profile locations . It has been granted design patents and received architectural awards for its stores ' designs and construction , specifically for its use of glass staircases and cubes . The success of Apple Stores have had significant influence over other consumer electronics retailers , who have lost traffic , control and profits due to a perceived higher quality of service and products at Apple Stores . Apple 's notable brand loyalty have historically caused long lines of hundreds of people at new Apple Store openings or product releases . Due to the popularity of the brand , there are numerous job applications , many of which from young workers . Although Apple Store employees receive above-average pay , are offered money toward education and health care , and receive product discounts , there are limited or no paths of career advancement . A May 2016 report with an anonymous retail employee highlighted a hostile work environment with harassment from customers , intense internal criticism , and a lack of significant bonuses for securing major business contracts .
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High Five is a collaborative effort to create a national identity for Columbus , Ohio by linking the five most distinct districts along 5 mi of historic High Street . The High Five includes over 150 restaurants , 200 shops , 40 art galleries and 50 event venues , and extends north to Arcadia Street and south to Thurman Avenue .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Keanu Reeves portrayed Hamlet for the Manitoba Theater Center's production.
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Keanu Charles Reeves -LRB- -LSB- kiːˈɑːnuː -RSB- ; born September 2 , 1964 -RRB- is a Canadian actor , director , producer , and musician . Reeves is best known for his acting career , beginning in 1985 and spanning more than three decades . He gained fame for his starring role performances in several blockbuster films including comedies from the Bill and Ted franchise -LRB- 1989 -- 1991 -RRB- ; action thrillers Point Break -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , Speed -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , and the John Wick franchise ; psychological thriller The Devil 's Advocate -LRB- 1997 -RRB- ; supernatural thriller Constantine -LRB- 2005 -RRB- ; and science fiction/action series The Matrix -LRB- 1999 -- 2003 -RRB- . He has also appeared in dramatic films such as Dangerous Liaisons -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , My Own Private Idaho -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , and Little Buddha -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , as well as the romantic horror Bram Stoker 's Dracula -LRB- 1992 -RRB- . Since becoming active in the film industry , Reeves has earned critical acclaim . One New York Times critic praised Reeves ' versatility , saying that he `` displays considerable discipline and range ... he moves easily between the buttoned-down demeanor that suits a police procedural story and the loose-jointed manner of his comic roles '' . However , Reeves has spent much of his later career being typecast . A recurring character arc in many roles he has portrayed is one of saving the world , as can be seen in the characters of Ted Logan , Buddha , Neo , Johnny Mnemonic , John Constantine , and Klaatu . His acting has garnered several awards , including a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . During his film career , Reeves has engaged in several forms of artistic expression . Active as a musician for over a decade , he played bass guitar for the bands Dogstar and Becky . Acting onstage , he performed as Prince Hamlet for the Manitoba Theatre Centre 's production of Hamlet . He wrote the text for a picture book , Ode to Happiness , illustrated by Alexandra Grant . He has also produced a documentary , Side by Side , and directed the martial arts film Man of Tai Chi .
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Kasey Ryne Mazak is a critically acclaimed actor . He is best known for his on-screen work with Reese Witherspoon in This Means War ; with Juliette Binoche in Godzilla ; and with Jared Padalecki and Jensen Ackles in Supernatural . He is fluent in Japanese and English ; his Japanese voice work is best known in The BIGS 2 , The Man in the High Castle and Bunraku . He has worked in 11 award-winning motion pictures with over 160 Film & TV productions . He is represented by Natasha Trisko .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.John Williams is a French conductor.
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John Towner Williams -LRB- born February 8 , 1932 -RRB- is an American composer , conductor , and pianist . With a career spanning over six decades he has composed some of the most popular and recognizable film scores in cinematic history , to many of the highest-grossing films of all time , including Jaws , the Star Wars series , Superman , E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial , the Indiana Jones series , Jurassic Park , Schindler 's List , the first two Home Alone movies , and the first three Harry Potter films . Williams has been associated with director Steven Spielberg since 1974 , composing music for all but two of his feature films . Other notable works by Williams include theme music for the Olympic Games , NBC Sunday Night Football , `` The Mission '' theme used by NBC News , the television series Lost in Space and Land of the Giants , and the incidental music for the first season of Gilligan 's Island . Williams has composed numerous classical concerti and other works for orchestral ensembles and solo instruments ; he served as the Boston Pops ' principal conductor from 1980 to 1993 , and is now the orchestra 's laureate conductor . In May 2017 , Williams was awarded an honorary Doctor of Music degree from Harvard University . Williams has won five Academy Awards , four Golden Globe Awards , seven British Academy Film Awards , and 23 Grammy Awards . With 50 Academy Award nominations , Williams is the second most-nominated individual , after Walt Disney . In 2005 , the American Film Institute selected Williams ' score to 1977 's Star Wars as the greatest American film score of all time . The soundtrack to Star Wars was additionally preserved by the Library of Congress into the National Recording Registry , for being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . '' Williams was inducted into the Hollywood Bowl 's Hall of Fame in 2000 , and was a recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors in 2004 and the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2016 . Williams composed the score for eight movies in the Top 20 highest-grossing films at the U.S. box office -LRB- adjusted for inflation -RRB- .
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Ernest Williams -LRB- 27 September 1881 -- 8 February 1947 -RRB- was a prominent American band conductor , cornet soloist , composer , and music educator .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Lynyrd Skynyrd's current lead vocalist is Ronnie Van Zant's brother.
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Lynyrd Skynyrd -LRB- pronounced -LSB- ˌlɛnərd_ˈskɪnərd -RSB- -RRB- is an American rock band best known for popularizing the Southern rock genre during the 1970s . Originally formed in 1964 as My Backyard in Jacksonville , Florida , the band was also known by names such as The Noble Five and One Percent , before finally deciding on `` Lynyrd Skynyrd '' in 1969 . The band gained worldwide recognition for its live performances and signature songs `` Sweet Home Alabama '' and `` Free Bird '' . At the peak of their success , two band members and a backup singer died in an airplane crash in 1977 , putting an abrupt end to the band 's most popular incarnation . The band has sold 28 million records in the United States . The surviving band members reformed in 1987 for a reunion tour with lead vocalist Johnny Van Zant , the younger brother of lead singer and founder Ronnie Van Zant . Lynyrd Skynyrd continues to tour and record with co-founder Gary Rossington , Johnny Van Zant , and guitarist Rickey Medlocke -- who first wrote and recorded with the band from 1971 to 1972 -LRB- before his return to Lynyrd Skynyrd in 1996 -RRB- . Fellow founding member Larry Junstrom , along with '70s members Ed King and Artimus Pyle , remain active in music but no longer tour or record with the band . Longtime drummer Michael Cartellone has recorded and toured with the band since 1999 . Lynyrd Skynyrd was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 13 , 2006 .
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Ronnie Gaylord -LRB- June 12 , 1930 -- January 25 , 2004 -RRB- was the name taken by Ronald L. Fredianelli , a member of The Gaylords , when he began to perform as a solo singer after entering military service in the 1950s . Fredianelli was born in Detroit , Michigan . He formed the Gaylords -LRB- originally The Gay Lords -RRB- with Bonaldo Bonaldi and Don Rea in Detroit in 1949 . For a while he used the name of Ronnie Vincent before adopting the name Ronnie Gaylord . In the military , he was assigned to Special Services and sang with a military band . He had one hit as Ronnie Gaylord : `` Cuddle Me '' -LRB- 1954 -RRB- . -LRB- Apparently , he was allowed to release it while still in the service . -RRB- On Feb 15 1955 he was discharged from the military at Fort Carson , Colorado and rejoined The Gaylords . In 1976 , Bonaldi changed his name to Burt Holiday , at which time the group became Gaylord and Holiday . Rea had left the group by that time . With his first wife , Ronnie had two children : Ronald Jr. and Melissa . With his second wife , Terry , he had three children : two sons -LRB- Christopher and Anthony -RRB- and one daughter -LRB- Tiffany -RRB- . Three of his children -LRB- Tony , Chris , and Tiffany -RRB- went into show business . He died in Reno , Nevada . Category :1930 births Category :2004 deaths Category : American male singers Category : American pop singers Category :20 th-century American singers Category : Singers from Detroit
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.The Red Army invasion of Georgia aimed to overthrow a government.
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The Red Army invasion of Georgia -LRB- 15 February -- 17 March 1921 -RRB- , also known as the Soviet -- Georgian War or the Soviet invasion of Georgia , was a military campaign by the Soviet Russian -LRB- RSFSR -RRB- Red Army aimed at overthrowing the Social-Democratic -LRB- Menshevik -RRB- government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia -LRB- DRG -RRB- and installing a Bolshevik regime in the country . The conflict was a result of expansionist policy by the Soviets , who aimed to control as much as possible of the lands which had been part of the former Russian Empire until the turbulent events of the First World War , as well as the revolutionary efforts of mostly Russian-based Georgian Bolsheviks , who did not have sufficient support in their native country to seize power without external intervention . The independence of Georgia had been recognized by Soviet Russia in the Treaty of Moscow , signed on 7 May 1920 , and the subsequent invasion of the country was not universally agreed upon in Moscow . It was largely engineered by two influential Georgian-born Soviet Russian officials , Stalin -LRB- Dzhugashvili -RRB- and Sergo -LRB- Ordzhonikidze -RRB- , who on 14 February 1921 got the consent of Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin to advance into Georgia , on the pretext of supporting `` peasants and workers rebellion '' in the country . Soviet forces took the Georgian capital Tbilisi -LRB- then known as Tiflis to most non-Georgian speakers -RRB- after heavy fighting and declared the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic on 25 February 1921 . The rest of the country was overrun within three weeks , but it was not until September 1924 that Soviet rule was firmly established . Almost simultaneous occupation of a large portion of southwest Georgia by Turkey -LRB- February -- March 1921 -RRB- threatened to develop into a crisis between Moscow and Ankara , and led to significant territorial concessions by the Soviets to the Turkish National Government in the Treaty of Kars .
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The Mongolian People 's Army -LRB- Mongolian : Монголын Ардын Арми or Монгол Ардын Хувьсгалт Цэрэг -RRB- or Mongolian People 's Revolutionary Army was established on 18 March 1921 as a secondary army under Soviet Red Army command during the 1920s and during World War II . In 1992 , when the Mongolian People 's Republic dissolved , the army 's structure changed . It was then reorganized and renamed as the General Purpose Force .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.American Gods was a book first published in 2001.
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American Gods is a Hugo and Nebula Award-winning novel by English author Neil Gaiman . The novel is a blend of Americana , fantasy , and various strands of ancient and modern mythology , all centering on the mysterious and taciturn Shadow . Several of the themes touched upon in the book were previously glimpsed in The Sandman comic book series . The book was published in 2001 by Headline in the United Kingdom and by William Morrow in the United States . A special tenth anniversary edition , which includes the `` author 's preferred text '' and 12,000 additional words , was published in June 2011 by William Morrow . The text is identical to the signed and numbered limited edition released in 2003 by Hill House Publishers , and to the edition from Headline , Gaiman 's publisher in the UK since 2005 . The tenth anniversary edition marks the first time the author 's preferred text has been available in wide release outside the UK . Gaiman also did an extensive sold-out book tour celebrating the tenth anniversary and promoting the book in 2011 . There are two audio versions of the book , both produced and published by Harper Audio : an unabridged version of the original published edition , read by George Guidall , released in 2001 ; and a full cast audiobook version of the tenth anniversary edition , including the author 's preferred text and 12,000 additional words , released in 2011 . The full cast audiobook project also was announced on Neil Gaiman 's blog , along with a contest in which participants could submit audio auditions and the winner would get an all expense paid trip to New York City , to record a part for the audio book . In March 2017 , The Folio Society published a special collector 's edition of American Gods with many corrections to the author 's preferred text version . Gaiman described it as ` the cleanest text there has ever been ' . In April 2017 , Starz began airing an eponymous television adaptation of the novel . Bryan Fuller and Michael Green serve as showrunners , and Gaiman is an executive producer .
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The Ogre 's Wife : Fairy Tales for Grownups is a collection of fantasy short stories by Richard Parks . It was first published in trade paperback by Obscura Press in August 2002 . A Kindle edition was issued in 2011 . The collection was nominated for the 2003 World Fantasy Award for Best Collection ; its title story won the SF Age Reader 's Poll for short story in 1995 . An `` absolute treasure of a collection , '' the book collects fifteen novelettes and short stories by the author , one original to the collection , together with an introduction by Parke Godwin . It includes three of his `` Eli Mothersbaugh '' stories , `` Wrecks , '' `` The God of Children , '' and `` A Respectful Silence . '' The Kindle edition also includes the author 's notes on the stories in an appendix .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Rod Laver is widely considered a terrible tennis player.
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Rodney George `` Rod '' Laver -LRB- born 9 August 1938 -RRB- is an Australian former tennis player widely regarded as one of the greatest in tennis history . He was the No. 1 ranked professional from 1964 to 1970 , spanning four years before and three years after the start of the Open Era . He also was the No. 1 amateur in 1961 -- 62 according to Lance Tingay . Laver 's 200 singles titles are the most in tennis history , and he holds the all-time male singles records of 22 titles in a single season -LRB- 1962 -RRB- and seven consecutive years -LRB- 1964 -- 70 -RRB- winning at least 10 titles per season . He excelled on all of the court surfaces of his time : grass , clay , hard , carpet , and wood/parquet . Despite being banned from playing the Grand Slam tournaments for the five years prior to the Open Era , he still won 11 singles titles . He is the only player to twice achieve the calendar-year Grand Slam , in 1962 -LRB- pre-open era -RRB- and 1969 -LRB- open era -RRB- , and remains the only man to do so during the Open Era . He also won eight Pro Slam titles , including the calendar year Pro `` Grand Slam '' in 1967 , and contributed to five Davis Cup titles for Australia during an age when Davis Cup was deemed as significant as the Grand Slams .
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Eric Clifford ` Cliff ' Drysdale -LRB- born 26 May 1941 , Nelspruit , South Africa -RRB- is a former top-ranked professional tennis player of the 1960s and early 1970s who became a well-known tennis announcer . He was one of the Handsome Eight , a group of players signed by Lamar Hunt in 1968 for the newly formed professional World Championship Tennis -LRB- WCT -RRB- group . He became President of the Association of Tennis Professionals -LRB- ATP -RRB- when it was formed by Jack Kramer , Donald Dell , and himself in 1972 . Drysdale was ranked World No. 4 in 1965 by Lance Tingay of The Daily Telegraph . Drysdale won the singles title at the Dutch Open in Hilversum in 1963 and 1964 . In 1965 he won the singles title at the German Championships by defeating Boro Jovanović in the final . During his Open era career , Drysdale captured five singles titles and six doubles titles including winning the 1972 U.S. Open doubles crown with Roger Taylor . He defeated Rod Laver in the fourth round of the first US Open in 1968 . He was a pioneer of the two-handed backhand which he used to great effect in the 1960s -LSB- USA Today , 11 July 2013 -RSB- . He became a naturalized United States citizen after retiring as a player . Today , he serves as a tennis commentator on ESPN . He is the founder of Cliff Drysdale Tennis -LRB- along with partner Don Henderson -RRB- which specializes in resort , hotel , and club tennis management . In 1998 Drysdale won the William M. Johnston Award for contribution to men 's tennis , given by the USTA . In 2013 Drysdale was elected into the International Tennis Hall of Fame .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Nelson Mandela is a South African.
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Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela -LRB- -LSB- mænˈdɛlə -RSB- 18 July 1918 -- 5 December 2013 -RRB- was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary , politician , and philanthropist , who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999 . He was the country 's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election . His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation . Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist , he served as President of the African National Congress -LRB- ANC -RRB- party from 1991 to 1997 . A Xhosa , Mandela was born in Mvezo to the Thembu royal family . He studied law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of the Witwatersrand before working as a lawyer in Johannesburg . There he became involved in anti-colonial and African nationalist politics , joining the ANC in 1943 and co-founding its Youth League in 1944 . After the National Party 's white-only government established apartheid -- a system of racial segregation that privileged whites -- he and the ANC committed themselves to its overthrow . Mandela was appointed President of the ANC 's Transvaal branch , rising to prominence for his involvement in the 1952 Defiance Campaign and the 1955 Congress of the People . He was repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and was unsuccessfully prosecuted in the 1956 Treason Trial . Influenced by Marxism , he secretly joined the banned South African Communist Party -LRB- SACP -RRB- . Although initially committed to non-violent protest , in association with the SACP he co-founded the militant Umkhonto we Sizwe in 1961 and led a sabotage campaign against the government . In 1962 , he was arrested for conspiring to overthrow the state and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Rivonia Trial . Mandela served 27 years in prison , initially on Robben Island , and later in Pollsmoor Prison and Victor Verster Prison . Amid growing domestic and international pressure , and with fears of a racial civil war , President F. W. de Klerk released him in 1990 . Mandela and de Klerk negotiated an end to apartheid and organised the 1994 multiracial general election in which Mandela led the ANC to victory and became President . Leading a broad coalition government which promulgated a new constitution , Mandela emphasised reconciliation between the country 's racial groups and created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate past human rights abuses . Economically , Mandela 's administration retained its predecessor 's liberal framework despite his own socialist beliefs , also introducing measures to encourage land reform , combat poverty , and expand healthcare services . Internationally , he acted as mediator in the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial and served as Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1998 to 1999 . He declined a second presidential term and in 1999 was succeeded by his deputy , Thabo Mbeki . Mandela became an elder statesman and focused on combating poverty and HIV/AIDS through the charitable Nelson Mandela Foundation . Mandela was a controversial figure for much of his life . Although critics on the right denounced him as a communist terrorist and those on the radical left deemed him too eager to negotiate and reconcile with apartheid 's supporters , he gained international acclaim for his activism . Widely regarded as an icon of democracy and social justice , he received more than 250 honours -- including the Nobel Peace Prize -- and became the subject of a cult of personality . He is held in deep respect within South Africa , where he is often referred to by his Xhosa clan name , Madiba , and described as the `` Father of the Nation '' .
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The 25th South African Parliament was the fourth Parliament of South Africa to convene since the introduction of non-racial government in South Africa in 1994 . It was elected in the general election of 22 April 2009 , and first met on 6 May of that year to elect Jacob Zuma as the fourth President of South Africa . It was formally opened by the newly elected President 's State of the Nation address in a joint sitting on 3 June 2009 . The ANC retained its majority , although it was reduced to 264 seats out of 400 -LRB- 66 % -RRB- in the National Assembly , while the Democratic Alliance increased its lead of the opposition , taking 67 seats -LRB- 16.75 % -RRB- . The Speaker of the National Assembly is Max Sisulu of the ANC and the Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces is M. J. Mahlangu , also of the ANC . Category :25 th South African Parliament
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Pompeii is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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Pompeii was an ancient Roman town-city near modern Naples , in the Campania region of Italy , in the territory of the comune of Pompei . Pompeii , along with Herculaneum and many villas in the suzrrounding area , was mostly destroyed and buried under 4 to of volcanic ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD . Researchers believe that the town was founded in the seventh or sixth century BC by the Osci or Oscans . It came under the domination of Rome in the 4th century BC , and was conquered and became a Roman colony in 80 BC after it joined an unsuccessful rebellion against the Roman Republic . By the time of its destruction , 160 years later , its population was estimated at 11,000 people , and the city had a complex water system , an amphitheatre , gymnasium , and a port . The eruption destroyed the city , killing its inhabitants and burying it under tons of ash . Evidence for the destruction originally came from a surviving letter by Pliny the Younger , who saw the eruption from a distance and described the death of his uncle Pliny the Elder , an admiral of the Roman fleet , who tried to rescue citizens . The site was lost for about 1,500 years until its initial rediscovery in 1599 and broader rediscovery almost 150 years later by Spanish engineer Rocque Joaquin de Alcubierre in 1748 . The objects that lay beneath the city have been preserved for more than a millennium because of the long lack of air and moisture . These artifacts provide an extraordinarily detailed insight into the life of a city during the Pax Romana . During the excavation , plaster was used to fill in the voids in the ash layers that once held human bodies . This allowed archaeologists to see the exact position the person was in when he or she died . Pompeii has been a tourist destination for over 250 years . Today it has UNESCO World Heritage Site status and is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Italy , with approximately 2.5 million visitors every year .
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Pompeii is an EP by Beirut , released in 2007 . It features only the work of Zach Condon and pre-dates the Gulag Orkestar debut album . While initially only available exclusively through eMusic and Rough Trade Digital , it later could be found on iTunes and Amazon . At the moment it only can be found on eMusic . The album cover features Zach Condon -LRB- on the left -RRB- and his younger brother Ross Condon -LRB- on the right -RRB- . On the version that was traded through Amazon a third song called `` Monna Pomona '' could be found . The song can not be legally downloaded currently .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Whiplash features the actor J. K. Simmons.
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Whiplash is a 2014 American drama film written and directed by Damien Chazelle , depicting the relationship between an ambitious jazz student -LRB- Miles Teller -RRB- and an aggressive instructor -LRB- J. K. Simmons -RRB- . Paul Reiser co-stars as the student 's father . The film opened in limited release domestically in the US and Canada on October 10 , 2014 , gradually expanding to over 500 screens and finally closing after 24 weeks on March 26 , 2015 . Over this time the film grossed $ 49 million , against a production budget of $ 3.3 million . Whiplash premiered in competition in the US Dramatic Category at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival on January 16 , 2014 , as the festival 's opening film . Sony Pictures Worldwide acquired the international distribution rights . At the 87th Academy Awards , Whiplash won Best Film Editing , Best Sound Mixing , and Best Supporting Actor for Simmons , and was nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Picture .
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Sinqua Walls -LRB- born April 6 , 1985 -RRB- is an American actor and former college basketball player for Cal Poly Pomona and the University of San Francisco .
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Given a claim, retrieve documents that support or refute the claim.Maria I of Portugal did not live to see the 5 October 1910 Revolution.
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Dona Maria I -LRB- English : Mary I ; 17 December 1734 -- 20 March 1816 -RRB- was Queen of Portugal , Brazil , and the Algarves . Known as Maria the Pious -LRB- in Portugal -RRB- , or Maria the Mad -LRB- in Brazil -RRB- , she was the first undisputed Queen regnant of Portugal . With Napoleon 's European conquests , her court , then under the direction of Prince Dom João , the Prince Regent , moved to Brazil , then a Portuguese colony . Later on , Brazil would be elevated from the rank of a colony to that of a kingdom , with the consequential formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves .
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Maria Keil -LRB- 9 August 1914 -- 10 June 2012 -RRB- was a Portuguese artist . She was born in Silves and died in Lisbon .
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