Split (1)

train · 1k rows

id stringlengths 15 19	paragraphs listlengths 19 20	question stringlengths 26 174	answer stringlengths 1 70	answer_aliases listlengths 0 6	context stringlengths 4.73k 21.2k	citations listlengths 2 2
2hop__144784_623159	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "title": "Minsk Region" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anatoly Borisovich Chubais (; born 16 June 1955) is a Russian politician and businessman of Russian and Jewish origin who was responsible for privatization in Russia as an influential member of Boris Yeltsin's administration in the early 1990s. During this period, he was a key figure in introducing market economy and the principles of private ownership to Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union.", "title": "Anatoly Chubais" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "title": "Australia" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pesanggrahan is a subdistrict of South Jakarta, one of the administrative city which forms the capital territory of Jakarta, Indonesia. The Pesanggrahan River flows along the eastern edge of Pesanggrahan Subdistrict. To the west of Pesanggrahan Subdistrict is Tangerang Regency, Banten Province.", "title": "Pesanggrahan, South Jakarta" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''.", "title": "Vatican City" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yuri Borisovich Chesnokov (; January 22, 1933 – May 30, 2010) was a Russian volleyball player who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1964 Summer Olympics. He was born in Moscow.", "title": "Yuri Chesnokov (volleyball)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Tarnów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Tarnów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the city of Tarnów, although the city is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Tarnów" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sikyona () is a municipality in Corinthia, Greece. The seat of the municipality is in Kiato. Sikyona takes its name from the ancient city Sicyon, which was located in the same territory.", "title": "Sikyona" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in 1960, Dmitry Liss is a graduate of the Moscow Conservatory, where he studied with the Music Director of the Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra, Professor Dmitry Kitayenko. Dmitry Liss began working with this orchestra as a conductor’s assistant. Upon graduation from the conservatory in 1984 he became a conductor of the Kuzbass Symphony Orchestra. In 1991 he was appointed to the position of Chief Conductor of this orchestra and at this time became the youngest chief conductor in Russia. Since 1995, Dmitry Liss has served as Artistic Director/Chief Conductor of the Ural Philharmonic Orchestra. Most recently, Liss was appointed Associate Conductor of the Russian National Orchestra (1999). In 1997-1999 he was Principal Russian Conductor of the American Russian Youth Orchestra.", "title": "Dmitry Liss" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1940s would prove a tumultuous and ultimately triumphant decade for the young club. In 1940, the team moved from Philadelphia Municipal Stadium to Shibe Park. Lud Wray's half - interest in the team was purchased by Art Rooney, who had just sold the Pittsburgh Steelers to Alexis Thompson. Soon thereafter, Bell / Rooney and Thompson swapped franchises, but not teams. Bell / Rooney's entire Eagles' corporate organization, including most of the players, moved to Pittsburgh (The Steelers' corporate name remained ``Philadelphia Football Club, Inc. ''until 1945) and Thompson's Steelers moved to Philadelphia, leaving only the team nicknames in their original cities. Since NFL franchises are territorial rights distinct from individual corporate entities, the NFL does not consider this a franchise move and considers the current Philadelphia Eagles as a single unbroken entity from 1933. (1)", "title": "History of the Philadelphia Eagles" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kaributas was born some time after 1350 (exact date is unknown) to Algirdas of Lithuania and Uliana of Tver. Born a pagan, around 1380 he was baptised in the Orthodox rite and became the prince of Severian Novgorod. He adopted the Christian name of Dmitry and hence is sometimes referred to as Dmitry Korybut (a combination of his Slavicised Lithuanian name Kaributas and his Christian name). He appeared in politics during the Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384) when he supported his brother Jogaila against his uncle Kęstutis and cousin Vytautas. In 1382 he began a rebellion in Severian Novgorod, engaging Kęstutis' forces so that Jogaila could attack and capture lightly guarded Vilnius, capital of the Grand Duchy. He also witnessed the Treaty of Dubysa with the Teutonic Knights.", "title": "Kaributas" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shostakovich Peninsula is an ice-covered peninsula lying north of Stravinsky Inlet and extending into Bach Ice Shelf in southern Alexander Island, Antarctica. The peninsula was first mapped by Directorate of Overseas Surveys from satellite imagery of Antarctica supplied by U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration in cooperation with U.S. Geological Survey. Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Dmitri Shostakovich, Russian composer (1906-1975). Shostakovich Peninsula is one of the eight peninsulas of Alexander Island.", "title": "Shostakovich Peninsula" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Dmitry Borisovich (; 11 September 1253, Rostov – 1294, Rostov) was a Russian nobleman. He was the eldest of the three sons of Prince Rostov Boris Vasylkovych from his marriage to Princess Maria Yaroslavna of Murom. He was Prince of Rostov (1278–1286 and 1288–1294) and Prince of Uglich (1285–1288).", "title": "Dmitry Borisovich" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sokolniki District () is a district of the Eastern Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow located in the north-east corner of the city. Population:", "title": "Sokolniki District" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rostov () is a town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, one of the oldest in the country and a tourist center of the Golden Ring. It is located on the shores of Lake Nero, northeast of Moscow. Population:", "title": "Rostov" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gallaratese is a district (\"quartiere\") of Milan, Italy, part of the Zone 8 administrative division of the city. It is located about 7 km north-west of the city centre. It borders on the \"comune\" of Pero to the north and on the districts of Trenno to the west and Lampugnano to the south; to the east, its ideal border is the eponymous street, which in turn is named after Gallarate, the town it leads to.", "title": "Gallaratese" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kis-Küküllő was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in central Romania (central Transylvania). Kis-Küküllő is the Hungarian name for the Târnava Mică River. The capital of the county was \"Dicsőszentmárton\" (now Târnăveni).", "title": "Kis-Küküllő County" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dmitri Nikolayevich Smirnov (; born 9 November 1980 in Moscow) is a Russian footballer. He is not related to Dmitry Alexandrovich Smirnov with whom he played on the same team for several years for FC Torpedo-ZIL Moscow, Luch and Tom. To avoid confusion, he is usually referred to as Dmitri N. Smirnov.", "title": "Dmitri N. Smirnov (footballer)" } ]	The city where Dmitry Borisovich was born is located where in Russia?	Yaroslavl Oblast	[]	Title: Dmitry Liss Passage: Born in 1960, Dmitry Liss is a graduate of the Moscow Conservatory, where he studied with the Music Director of the Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra, Professor Dmitry Kitayenko. Dmitry Liss began working with this orchestra as a conductor’s assistant. Upon graduation from the conservatory in 1984 he became a conductor of the Kuzbass Symphony Orchestra. In 1991 he was appointed to the position of Chief Conductor of this orchestra and at this time became the youngest chief conductor in Russia. Since 1995, Dmitry Liss has served as Artistic Director/Chief Conductor of the Ural Philharmonic Orchestra. Most recently, Liss was appointed Associate Conductor of the Russian National Orchestra (1999). In 1997-1999 he was Principal Russian Conductor of the American Russian Youth Orchestra. Title: Vatican City Passage: The name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''. Title: Shostakovich Peninsula Passage: Shostakovich Peninsula is an ice-covered peninsula lying north of Stravinsky Inlet and extending into Bach Ice Shelf in southern Alexander Island, Antarctica. The peninsula was first mapped by Directorate of Overseas Surveys from satellite imagery of Antarctica supplied by U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration in cooperation with U.S. Geological Survey. Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Dmitri Shostakovich, Russian composer (1906-1975). Shostakovich Peninsula is one of the eight peninsulas of Alexander Island. Title: History of the Philadelphia Eagles Passage: The 1940s would prove a tumultuous and ultimately triumphant decade for the young club. In 1940, the team moved from Philadelphia Municipal Stadium to Shibe Park. Lud Wray's half - interest in the team was purchased by Art Rooney, who had just sold the Pittsburgh Steelers to Alexis Thompson. Soon thereafter, Bell / Rooney and Thompson swapped franchises, but not teams. Bell / Rooney's entire Eagles' corporate organization, including most of the players, moved to Pittsburgh (The Steelers' corporate name remained ``Philadelphia Football Club, Inc. ''until 1945) and Thompson's Steelers moved to Philadelphia, leaving only the team nicknames in their original cities. Since NFL franchises are territorial rights distinct from individual corporate entities, the NFL does not consider this a franchise move and considers the current Philadelphia Eagles as a single unbroken entity from 1933. (1) Title: Yuri Chesnokov (volleyball) Passage: Yuri Borisovich Chesnokov (; January 22, 1933 – May 30, 2010) was a Russian volleyball player who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1964 Summer Olympics. He was born in Moscow. Title: Anatoly Chubais Passage: Anatoly Borisovich Chubais (; born 16 June 1955) is a Russian politician and businessman of Russian and Jewish origin who was responsible for privatization in Russia as an influential member of Boris Yeltsin's administration in the early 1990s. During this period, he was a key figure in introducing market economy and the principles of private ownership to Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union. Title: Gmina Tarnów Passage: Gmina Tarnów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Tarnów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the city of Tarnów, although the city is not part of the territory of the gmina. Title: Sokolniki District Passage: Sokolniki District () is a district of the Eastern Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow located in the north-east corner of the city. Population: Title: Kis-Küküllő County Passage: Kis-Küküllő was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in central Romania (central Transylvania). Kis-Küküllő is the Hungarian name for the Târnava Mică River. The capital of the county was "Dicsőszentmárton" (now Târnăveni). Title: Minsk Region Passage: Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, "Minskaja vobłasć" ; , "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500. Title: Dmitry Borisovich Passage: Dmitry Borisovich (; 11 September 1253, Rostov – 1294, Rostov) was a Russian nobleman. He was the eldest of the three sons of Prince Rostov Boris Vasylkovych from his marriage to Princess Maria Yaroslavna of Murom. He was Prince of Rostov (1278–1286 and 1288–1294) and Prince of Uglich (1285–1288). Title: Federalism Passage: Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a "little constitution", called "organic law" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly. Title: Australia Passage: Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales. Title: Rostov Passage: Rostov () is a town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, one of the oldest in the country and a tourist center of the Golden Ring. It is located on the shores of Lake Nero, northeast of Moscow. Population: Title: Pesanggrahan, South Jakarta Passage: Pesanggrahan is a subdistrict of South Jakarta, one of the administrative city which forms the capital territory of Jakarta, Indonesia. The Pesanggrahan River flows along the eastern edge of Pesanggrahan Subdistrict. To the west of Pesanggrahan Subdistrict is Tangerang Regency, Banten Province. Title: Gallaratese Passage: Gallaratese is a district ("quartiere") of Milan, Italy, part of the Zone 8 administrative division of the city. It is located about 7 km north-west of the city centre. It borders on the "comune" of Pero to the north and on the districts of Trenno to the west and Lampugnano to the south; to the east, its ideal border is the eponymous street, which in turn is named after Gallarate, the town it leads to. Title: Kaributas Passage: Kaributas was born some time after 1350 (exact date is unknown) to Algirdas of Lithuania and Uliana of Tver. Born a pagan, around 1380 he was baptised in the Orthodox rite and became the prince of Severian Novgorod. He adopted the Christian name of Dmitry and hence is sometimes referred to as Dmitry Korybut (a combination of his Slavicised Lithuanian name Kaributas and his Christian name). He appeared in politics during the Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384) when he supported his brother Jogaila against his uncle Kęstutis and cousin Vytautas. In 1382 he began a rebellion in Severian Novgorod, engaging Kęstutis' forces so that Jogaila could attack and capture lightly guarded Vilnius, capital of the Grand Duchy. He also witnessed the Treaty of Dubysa with the Teutonic Knights. Title: Cyprus Popular Bank Passage: Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group. Title: Dmitri N. Smirnov (footballer) Passage: Dmitri Nikolayevich Smirnov (; born 9 November 1980 in Moscow) is a Russian footballer. He is not related to Dmitry Alexandrovich Smirnov with whom he played on the same team for several years for FC Torpedo-ZIL Moscow, Luch and Tom. To avoid confusion, he is usually referred to as Dmitri N. Smirnov. Title: Sikyona Passage: Sikyona () is a municipality in Corinthia, Greece. The seat of the municipality is in Kiato. Sikyona takes its name from the ancient city Sicyon, which was located in the same territory.	[ "Dmitry Borisovich", "Rostov" ]
2hop__85463_66122	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Linjiang Yalu River Bridge () is a bridge over the Yalu River, connecting Linjiang City, Jilin Province, China, with Chunggang County, Chagang Province, North Korea. It was built by the Japanese in 1938 and Linjiang Border Post is located there. A little downstream from the bridge is Yunfeng Dam.", "title": "Linjiang Yalu River Bridge" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After secretly crossing the Yalu River on 19 October, the PVA 13th Army Group launched the First Phase Offensive on 25 October, attacking the advancing UN forces near the Sino-Korean border. This military decision made solely by China changed the attitude of the Soviet Union. Twelve days after Chinese troops entered the war, Stalin allowed the Soviet Air Force to provide air cover, and supported more aid to China. After decimating the ROK II Corps at the Battle of Onjong, the first confrontation between Chinese and U.S. military occurred on 1 November 1950; deep in North Korea, thousands of soldiers from the PVA 39th Army encircled and attacked the U.S. 8th Cavalry Regiment with three-prong assaults—from the north, northwest, and west—and overran the defensive position flanks in the Battle of Unsan. The surprise assault resulted in the UN forces retreating back to the Ch'ongch'on River, while the Chinese unexpectedly disappeared into mountain hideouts following victory. It is unclear why the Chinese did not press the attack and follow up their victory.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chunggang County is a \"kun\", or county, in northern Chagang province, North Korea. It was originally part of Huchang county in Ryanggang, and for that reason older sources still identify it as being part of Huchang. The county seat was originally known as Chunggangjin (중강진), but is now known as Chunggang \"ŭp\". Chunggang looks across the Yalu River at China, and borders Ryanggang province to the south.", "title": "Chunggang County" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usi County is a \"kun\", or county, in westernmost Chagang Province, North Korea. It looks across the Yalu River into the People's Republic of China. Within North Korea, it borders Chosan and Kopung to the east, Songwon to the south, and North Pyongan Province's Pyoktong county to the west. Originally part of Pyoktong, it was made a separate county in 1952 as part of a general reorganization of local government; in 1954, it was transferred from North Pyongan to Chagang.", "title": "Usi County" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Siege of Ninety Six was a siege in western South Carolina late in the American Revolutionary War. From May 22 to June 18, 1781, Continental Army Major General Nathanael Greene led 1,000 troops in a siege against the 550 Loyalists in the fortified village of Ninety Six, South Carolina. The 28-day siege centered on an earthen fortification known as Star Fort. Despite having more troops, Greene was unsuccessful in taking the town, and was forced to lift the siege when Lord Rawdon approached from Charleston with British troops.", "title": "Siege of Ninety-Six" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rock Island Railroad Bridge is BNSF Railway's bridge across the Columbia River, at Rock Island, Washington. The structure consists of one through truss, one deck truss, and an approach trestle.", "title": "Rock Island Railroad Bridge (Columbia River)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895), both the Chinese and Japanese navies were equipped with Schwartzkopff torpedoes. The Chinese Navy had the first opportunity to employ their torpedoes during the Battle of Yalu River, but none were able to hit their targets. This poor performance was attributed to improper maintenance of the weapons by the Chinese. Five months later, during the Battle of Weihaiwei, the Japanese sent torpedo boats to attack the Chinese fleet. Firing eleven Schwartzkopff torpedoes, the Japanese managed to sink three Chinese warships. It was the most successful deployment of torpedoes at that point in history.", "title": "Schwartzkopff torpedo" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chinese counterattacked in April 1951, with the Fifth Phase Offensive, also known as the Chinese Spring Offensive, with three field armies (approximately 700,000 men). The offensive's first thrust fell upon I Corps, which fiercely resisted in the Battle of the Imjin River (22–25 April 1951) and the Battle of Kapyong (22–25 April 1951), blunting the impetus of the offensive, which was halted at the \"No-name Line\" north of Seoul. On 15 May 1951, the Chinese commenced the second impulse of the Spring Offensive and attacked the ROK Army and the U.S. X Corps in the east at the Soyang River. After initial success, they were halted by 20 May. At month's end, the U.S. Eighth Army counterattacked and regained \"Line Kansas\", just north of the 38th parallel. The UN's \"Line Kansas\" halt and subsequent offensive action stand-down began the stalemate that lasted until the armistice of 1953.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Al-Qubeir massacre (), also known as the Hama massacre, occurred in the small village of Al-Qubeir near Hama, Syria, on 6 June 2012 during the country's ongoing civil conflict. Al-Qubeir is described as a Sunni farming settlement surrounded by Alawite villages in the central province of Hama. According to preliminary evidence, troops had surrounded the village which was followed by pro-government Shabiha militia entering the village and killing civilians with \"barbarity,\" UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon told the UN Security Council.", "title": "Al-Qubeir massacre" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Korean side of the river was heavily industrialized during the period of Japanese rule (1910 -- 1945), and by 1945 almost 20% of Imperial Japan's total industrial output originated in Korea. During the Korean War, the movement of United Nations troops approaching the river precipitated massive Chinese intervention from around Dandong. In the course of the conflict every bridge across the river except one was destroyed. The one remaining bridge was the Sino -- Korean Friendship Bridge connecting Sinuiju, North Korea to Dandong, China. During the war the valley surrounding the western end of the river also became the focal point of a series of dogfights for air superiority over North Korea, earning the nickname ``MiG Alley ''in reference to the MiG - 15 fighters flown by the combined North Korean, Chinese and Soviet forces.", "title": "Yalu River" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After these reversals of fortune, which saw Seoul change hands four times, the last two years of fighting became a war of attrition, with the front line close to the 38th parallel. The war in the air, however, was never a stalemate. North Korea was subject to a massive bombing campaign. Jet fighters confronted each other in air - to - air combat for the first time in history, and Soviet pilots covertly flew in defense of their communist allies.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of military trenches, in which troops are well - protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery. The most famous use of trench warfare is the Western Front in World War I. It has become a byword for stalemate, attrition, sieges and futility in conflict.", "title": "Trench warfare" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pope Paul VI became the first reigning pontiff ever to visit the Americas when he flew to New York in October 1965 to address the United Nations. As a gesture of goodwill, the pope gave to the UN two pieces of papal jewelry, a diamond cross and ring, with the hopes that the proceeds from their sale at auction would contribute to the UN's efforts to end human suffering. During the pope's visit, as the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War escalated under President Johnson, Paul VI pleaded for peace before the UN:", "title": "Pope Paul VI" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "South West Africa became known as Namibia by the UN when the General Assembly changed the territory's name by Resolution 2372 (XXII) of 12 June 1968. In 1978 the UN Security Council passed UN Resolution 435 which planned a transition toward independence for Namibia. Attempts to persuade South Africa to agree to the plan's implementation were not successful until 1988 when the transition to independence finally started under a diplomatic agreement between South Africa, Angola and Cuba, with the USSR and the USA as observers, under which South Africa agreed to withdraw and demobilise its forces in Namibia. As a result, Cuba agreed to pull back its troops in southern Angola sent to support the MPLA in its war for control of Angola with UNITA.", "title": "Namibia" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "For the remainder of the Korean War the UN Command and the PVA fought, but exchanged little territory; the stalemate held. Large - scale bombing of North Korea continued, and protracted armistice negotiations began 10 July 1951 at Kaesong. On the Chinese side, Zhou Enlai directed peace talks, and Li Kenong and Qiao Guanghua headed the negotiation team. Combat continued while the belligerents negotiated; the UN Command forces' goal was to recapture all of South Korea and to avoid losing territory. The PVA and the KPA attempted similar operations, and later effected military and psychological operations in order to test the UN Command's resolve to continue the war.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Disagreements following the war have resulted in stalemate punctuated by periods of elevated tension and renewed threats of war. The stalemate led the President of Eritrea to urge the UN to take action on Ethiopia with the Eleven Letters penned by the President to the United Nations Security Council. The situation has been further escalated by the continued efforts of the Eritrean and Ethiopian leaders in supporting opposition in one another's countries.[citation needed] In 2011, Ethiopia accused Eritrea of planting bombs at an African Union summit in Addis Ababa, which was later supported by a UN report. Eritrea denied the claims.", "title": "Eritrea" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "UN forces retreated to Suwon in the west, Wonju in the center, and the territory north of Samcheok in the east, where the battlefront stabilized and held. The PVA had outrun its logistics capability and thus were unable to press on beyond Seoul as food, ammunition, and matériel were carried nightly, on foot and bicycle, from the border at the Yalu River to the three battle lines. In late January, upon finding that the PVA had abandoned their battle lines, General Ridgway ordered a reconnaissance-in-force, which became Operation Roundup (5 February 1951). A full-scale X Corps advance proceeded, which fully exploited the UN Command's air superiority, concluding with the UN reaching the Han River and recapturing Wonju.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Designed by a partnership under military auspices of Sparkman & Stephens and General Motors Corporation (GMC), the DUKW was used for the transportation of goods and troops over land and water. Excelling at approaching and crossing beaches in amphibious warfare attacks, it was intended only to last long enough to meet the demands of combat. Surviving DUKWs have since found popularity as tourist craft in marine environments.", "title": "DUKW" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When Ibrahim's army arrived, he found the approach to Babur's army too narrow to attack. While Ibrahim redeployed his forces to allow for the narrower front, Babur quickly took advantage of the situation to flank (tulghuma) the Lodi army. Many of Ibrahim's troops were unable to get into action, and fled when the battle turned against Ibrahim. Faced with musket fire, cannon fire and cavalry attacks from all sides, Ibrahim Lodi fought and died with 6,000 of his remaining troops.", "title": "First Battle of Panipat" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With Lieutenant-General Matthew Ridgway assuming the command of the U.S. Eighth Army on 26 December, the PVA and the KPA launched their Third Phase Offensive (also known as the \"Chinese New Year's Offensive\") on New Year's Eve of 1950. Utilizing night attacks in which UN Command fighting positions were encircled and then assaulted by numerically superior troops who had the element of surprise, the attacks were accompanied by loud trumpets and gongs, which fulfilled the double purpose of facilitating tactical communication and mentally disorienting the enemy. UN forces initially had no familiarity with this tactic, and as a result some soldiers panicked, abandoning their weapons and retreating to the south. The Chinese New Year's Offensive overwhelmed UN forces, allowing the PVA and KPA to conquer Seoul for the second time on 4 January 1951.", "title": "Korean War" } ]	When did the stalemate happen in the war where UN troops approached the Yalu River?	began 10 July 1951	[]	Title: Korean War Passage: For the remainder of the Korean War the UN Command and the PVA fought, but exchanged little territory; the stalemate held. Large - scale bombing of North Korea continued, and protracted armistice negotiations began 10 July 1951 at Kaesong. On the Chinese side, Zhou Enlai directed peace talks, and Li Kenong and Qiao Guanghua headed the negotiation team. Combat continued while the belligerents negotiated; the UN Command forces' goal was to recapture all of South Korea and to avoid losing territory. The PVA and the KPA attempted similar operations, and later effected military and psychological operations in order to test the UN Command's resolve to continue the war. Title: Korean War Passage: After secretly crossing the Yalu River on 19 October, the PVA 13th Army Group launched the First Phase Offensive on 25 October, attacking the advancing UN forces near the Sino-Korean border. This military decision made solely by China changed the attitude of the Soviet Union. Twelve days after Chinese troops entered the war, Stalin allowed the Soviet Air Force to provide air cover, and supported more aid to China. After decimating the ROK II Corps at the Battle of Onjong, the first confrontation between Chinese and U.S. military occurred on 1 November 1950; deep in North Korea, thousands of soldiers from the PVA 39th Army encircled and attacked the U.S. 8th Cavalry Regiment with three-prong assaults—from the north, northwest, and west—and overran the defensive position flanks in the Battle of Unsan. The surprise assault resulted in the UN forces retreating back to the Ch'ongch'on River, while the Chinese unexpectedly disappeared into mountain hideouts following victory. It is unclear why the Chinese did not press the attack and follow up their victory. Title: Usi County Passage: Usi County is a "kun", or county, in westernmost Chagang Province, North Korea. It looks across the Yalu River into the People's Republic of China. Within North Korea, it borders Chosan and Kopung to the east, Songwon to the south, and North Pyongan Province's Pyoktong county to the west. Originally part of Pyoktong, it was made a separate county in 1952 as part of a general reorganization of local government; in 1954, it was transferred from North Pyongan to Chagang. Title: Namibia Passage: South West Africa became known as Namibia by the UN when the General Assembly changed the territory's name by Resolution 2372 (XXII) of 12 June 1968. In 1978 the UN Security Council passed UN Resolution 435 which planned a transition toward independence for Namibia. Attempts to persuade South Africa to agree to the plan's implementation were not successful until 1988 when the transition to independence finally started under a diplomatic agreement between South Africa, Angola and Cuba, with the USSR and the USA as observers, under which South Africa agreed to withdraw and demobilise its forces in Namibia. As a result, Cuba agreed to pull back its troops in southern Angola sent to support the MPLA in its war for control of Angola with UNITA. Title: Korean War Passage: After these reversals of fortune, which saw Seoul change hands four times, the last two years of fighting became a war of attrition, with the front line close to the 38th parallel. The war in the air, however, was never a stalemate. North Korea was subject to a massive bombing campaign. Jet fighters confronted each other in air - to - air combat for the first time in history, and Soviet pilots covertly flew in defense of their communist allies. Title: Chunggang County Passage: Chunggang County is a "kun", or county, in northern Chagang province, North Korea. It was originally part of Huchang county in Ryanggang, and for that reason older sources still identify it as being part of Huchang. The county seat was originally known as Chunggangjin (중강진), but is now known as Chunggang "ŭp". Chunggang looks across the Yalu River at China, and borders Ryanggang province to the south. Title: DUKW Passage: Designed by a partnership under military auspices of Sparkman & Stephens and General Motors Corporation (GMC), the DUKW was used for the transportation of goods and troops over land and water. Excelling at approaching and crossing beaches in amphibious warfare attacks, it was intended only to last long enough to meet the demands of combat. Surviving DUKWs have since found popularity as tourist craft in marine environments. Title: Schwartzkopff torpedo Passage: During the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895), both the Chinese and Japanese navies were equipped with Schwartzkopff torpedoes. The Chinese Navy had the first opportunity to employ their torpedoes during the Battle of Yalu River, but none were able to hit their targets. This poor performance was attributed to improper maintenance of the weapons by the Chinese. Five months later, during the Battle of Weihaiwei, the Japanese sent torpedo boats to attack the Chinese fleet. Firing eleven Schwartzkopff torpedoes, the Japanese managed to sink three Chinese warships. It was the most successful deployment of torpedoes at that point in history. Title: Linjiang Yalu River Bridge Passage: The Linjiang Yalu River Bridge () is a bridge over the Yalu River, connecting Linjiang City, Jilin Province, China, with Chunggang County, Chagang Province, North Korea. It was built by the Japanese in 1938 and Linjiang Border Post is located there. A little downstream from the bridge is Yunfeng Dam. Title: Korean War Passage: UN forces retreated to Suwon in the west, Wonju in the center, and the territory north of Samcheok in the east, where the battlefront stabilized and held. The PVA had outrun its logistics capability and thus were unable to press on beyond Seoul as food, ammunition, and matériel were carried nightly, on foot and bicycle, from the border at the Yalu River to the three battle lines. In late January, upon finding that the PVA had abandoned their battle lines, General Ridgway ordered a reconnaissance-in-force, which became Operation Roundup (5 February 1951). A full-scale X Corps advance proceeded, which fully exploited the UN Command's air superiority, concluding with the UN reaching the Han River and recapturing Wonju. Title: First Battle of Panipat Passage: When Ibrahim's army arrived, he found the approach to Babur's army too narrow to attack. While Ibrahim redeployed his forces to allow for the narrower front, Babur quickly took advantage of the situation to flank (tulghuma) the Lodi army. Many of Ibrahim's troops were unable to get into action, and fled when the battle turned against Ibrahim. Faced with musket fire, cannon fire and cavalry attacks from all sides, Ibrahim Lodi fought and died with 6,000 of his remaining troops. Title: Eritrea Passage: Disagreements following the war have resulted in stalemate punctuated by periods of elevated tension and renewed threats of war. The stalemate led the President of Eritrea to urge the UN to take action on Ethiopia with the Eleven Letters penned by the President to the United Nations Security Council. The situation has been further escalated by the continued efforts of the Eritrean and Ethiopian leaders in supporting opposition in one another's countries.[citation needed] In 2011, Ethiopia accused Eritrea of planting bombs at an African Union summit in Addis Ababa, which was later supported by a UN report. Eritrea denied the claims. Title: Trench warfare Passage: Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of military trenches, in which troops are well - protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery. The most famous use of trench warfare is the Western Front in World War I. It has become a byword for stalemate, attrition, sieges and futility in conflict. Title: Yalu River Passage: The Korean side of the river was heavily industrialized during the period of Japanese rule (1910 -- 1945), and by 1945 almost 20% of Imperial Japan's total industrial output originated in Korea. During the Korean War, the movement of United Nations troops approaching the river precipitated massive Chinese intervention from around Dandong. In the course of the conflict every bridge across the river except one was destroyed. The one remaining bridge was the Sino -- Korean Friendship Bridge connecting Sinuiju, North Korea to Dandong, China. During the war the valley surrounding the western end of the river also became the focal point of a series of dogfights for air superiority over North Korea, earning the nickname ``MiG Alley ''in reference to the MiG - 15 fighters flown by the combined North Korean, Chinese and Soviet forces. Title: Korean War Passage: With Lieutenant-General Matthew Ridgway assuming the command of the U.S. Eighth Army on 26 December, the PVA and the KPA launched their Third Phase Offensive (also known as the "Chinese New Year's Offensive") on New Year's Eve of 1950. Utilizing night attacks in which UN Command fighting positions were encircled and then assaulted by numerically superior troops who had the element of surprise, the attacks were accompanied by loud trumpets and gongs, which fulfilled the double purpose of facilitating tactical communication and mentally disorienting the enemy. UN forces initially had no familiarity with this tactic, and as a result some soldiers panicked, abandoning their weapons and retreating to the south. The Chinese New Year's Offensive overwhelmed UN forces, allowing the PVA and KPA to conquer Seoul for the second time on 4 January 1951. Title: Siege of Ninety-Six Passage: The Siege of Ninety Six was a siege in western South Carolina late in the American Revolutionary War. From May 22 to June 18, 1781, Continental Army Major General Nathanael Greene led 1,000 troops in a siege against the 550 Loyalists in the fortified village of Ninety Six, South Carolina. The 28-day siege centered on an earthen fortification known as Star Fort. Despite having more troops, Greene was unsuccessful in taking the town, and was forced to lift the siege when Lord Rawdon approached from Charleston with British troops. Title: Pope Paul VI Passage: Pope Paul VI became the first reigning pontiff ever to visit the Americas when he flew to New York in October 1965 to address the United Nations. As a gesture of goodwill, the pope gave to the UN two pieces of papal jewelry, a diamond cross and ring, with the hopes that the proceeds from their sale at auction would contribute to the UN's efforts to end human suffering. During the pope's visit, as the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War escalated under President Johnson, Paul VI pleaded for peace before the UN: Title: Rock Island Railroad Bridge (Columbia River) Passage: The Rock Island Railroad Bridge is BNSF Railway's bridge across the Columbia River, at Rock Island, Washington. The structure consists of one through truss, one deck truss, and an approach trestle. Title: Al-Qubeir massacre Passage: The Al-Qubeir massacre (), also known as the Hama massacre, occurred in the small village of Al-Qubeir near Hama, Syria, on 6 June 2012 during the country's ongoing civil conflict. Al-Qubeir is described as a Sunni farming settlement surrounded by Alawite villages in the central province of Hama. According to preliminary evidence, troops had surrounded the village which was followed by pro-government Shabiha militia entering the village and killing civilians with "barbarity," UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon told the UN Security Council. Title: Korean War Passage: The Chinese counterattacked in April 1951, with the Fifth Phase Offensive, also known as the Chinese Spring Offensive, with three field armies (approximately 700,000 men). The offensive's first thrust fell upon I Corps, which fiercely resisted in the Battle of the Imjin River (22–25 April 1951) and the Battle of Kapyong (22–25 April 1951), blunting the impetus of the offensive, which was halted at the "No-name Line" north of Seoul. On 15 May 1951, the Chinese commenced the second impulse of the Spring Offensive and attacked the ROK Army and the U.S. X Corps in the east at the Soyang River. After initial success, they were halted by 20 May. At month's end, the U.S. Eighth Army counterattacked and regained "Line Kansas", just north of the 38th parallel. The UN's "Line Kansas" halt and subsequent offensive action stand-down began the stalemate that lasted until the armistice of 1953.	[ "Yalu River", "Korean War" ]
2hop__631139_75487	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The position is currently held by Andrew Scheer, leader of the Conservative Party, having been elected by the Conservative caucus on May 27, 2017.", "title": "Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daniel Bread (1800-1873) was an important Oneida political and cultural leader who helped the Oneida preserve their culture while adapting to new realities during their transplantation from New York to Wisconsin (known then as Michigan Territory). He was frequently described as a \"principal chief\", \"head chief\", or \"sachem\" by the Oneida but held no hereditary position and was not an officially condoled chief.", "title": "Daniel Bread" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Cecil Jones was an honorably-discharged World War II corporal and veteran who was tortured and lynched near Minden, in Webster Parish, Louisiana by a mob in 1946. His 17-year-old cousin Albert Harris, Jr. was tortured and left for dead alongside Jones. This was the only known post-World War II lynching to occur in Louisiana, and it involved multiple well-known local individuals, politicians, and a cover-up by multiple law enforcement entities.", "title": "John Cecil Jones" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Staunton is the second largest city in Macoupin County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 5,139.", "title": "Staunton, Illinois" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John P. Surma (born 1954 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American businessman. He was the executive chairman of the board of United States Steel Corporation. Surma retired as CEO of U.S. Steel effective September 1, 2013, and Chairman effective January 1, 2014, positions he held since 2004.", "title": "John P. Surma" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seven thousand applied for the competition and twelve contestants were chosen. For the first time, all three finalists were male: Brendan Lynch, John Whaite and James Morton. The competition was won by John Whaite.", "title": "The Great British Bake Off (series 3)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rabbi Mordechai Gifter (October 15, 1915 - January 18, 2001) was the rosh yeshiva of the Telz Yeshiva in Cleveland and among the foremost religious leaders of Orthodox Jewry in the late 20th century. He studied in yeshivas in Lithuania and held several rabbinical positions in the United States of America.", "title": "Mordechai Gifter" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John George Lynch-Staunton (June 19, 1930 – August 17, 2012) was a Canadian senator, who served as interim leader of the Conservative Party of Canada, from December 2003 to March 2004. He represented the Senate division of Grandville, Quebec.", "title": "John Lynch-Staunton" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Sorel, Quebec, he was a lawyer before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of Richelieu in the 1911 federal election. A Liberal, he was re-elected in every election he contested in Richelieu and, beginning in 1935, Richelieu—Verchères. He held four ministerial positions: Minister of Marine and Fisheries, Minister of Marine, Minister of Public Works, and Minister of Transport.", "title": "Arthur Cardin" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Judge Neilson Poe (August 11, 1809 - January 4, 1884) was an American judge for the City of Baltimore's orphan's court, (today referred to as a probate court). He was initially appointed to the court by Maryland Governor John Lee Carroll in 1878 and elected to the position in November 1879. He held on to the position until 1883.", "title": "Neilson Poe" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hang 'Em High is a 1968 American DeLuxe Color revisionist Western film directed by Ted Post and written by Leonard Freeman and Mel Goldberg. It stars Clint Eastwood as Jed Cooper, an innocent man who survives a lynching; Inger Stevens as a widow who helps him; Ed Begley as the leader of the gang that lynched Cooper; and Pat Hingle as the judge who hires him as a U.S. Marshal.", "title": "Hang 'Em High" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Letters of support from the pope arrived in April but by then the rebel barons had organised. They congregated at Northampton in May and renounced their feudal ties to John, appointing Robert fitz Walter as their military leader. This self-proclaimed \"Army of God\" marched on London, taking the capital as well as Lincoln and Exeter. John's efforts to appear moderate and conciliatory had been largely successful, but once the rebels held London they attracted a fresh wave of defectors from John's royalist faction. John instructed Langton to organise peace talks with the rebel barons.", "title": "John, King of England" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election was held on May 27, 2017. Party members chose Andrew Scheer as leader, replacing Stephen Harper, who led the Conservative Party of Canada as its leader from 2004 following the merger of the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative parties. Harper led the party through five federal elections: the party increased its seat count in the House of Commons in 2004, formed two minority governments in 2006, and 2008, and then a majority government in 2011. Following the defeat of the party in the 2015 federal election on October 19, Harper tendered his resignation as party leader. In a statement, Conservative Party President Harry Walsh said he had spoken to Harper, ``and he has instructed me to reach out to the newly elected parliamentary caucus to appoint an Interim Leader and to implement the leadership selection process. ''", "title": "2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sean Allstot (born January 15, 1983 in Grass Valley, California) is a male beach volleyball player from the United States who participated at the NORCECA Circuit 2009 at Cayman Islands playing with Kevin Lynch. They finished in the 7th position.", "title": "Sean Allstot" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Like the Speaker of the House, the Minority Leaders are typically experienced lawmakers when they win election to this position. When Nancy Pelosi, D-CA, became Minority Leader in the 108th Congress, she had served in the House nearly 20 years and had served as minority whip in the 107th Congress. When her predecessor, Richard Gephardt, D-MO, became minority leader in the 104th House, he had been in the House for almost 20 years, had served as chairman of the Democratic Caucus for four years, had been a 1988 presidential candidate, and had been majority leader from June 1989 until Republicans captured control of the House in the November 1994 elections. Gephardt's predecessor in the minority leadership position was Robert Michel, R-IL, who became GOP Leader in 1981 after spending 24 years in the House. Michel's predecessor, Republican John Rhodes of Arizona, was elected Minority Leader in 1973 after 20 years of House service.", "title": "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Four referendums were held in Switzerland during 1957. The first two were held on 3 March on a federal resolutions on introducing two new articles to the federal constitution; 22bis concerning civil protection and 36bis on radio and television. Both were rejected. The third and fourth were held on 24 November on introducing another article to the constitution (24 quinquies concerning nuclear power and protection from radiation) and a federal resolution on prolonging the federal breadstuffs law. Both were approved.", "title": "1957 Swiss referendums" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts (in case citations, D. Mass.) is the federal district court whose territorial jurisdiction is the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States. The first court session was held in Boston in 1789. The second term was held in Salem in 1790 and court session locations alternated between the two cities until 1813. That year, Boston became the court's permanent home. A western division was opened in Springfield in 1979 and a central division was opened in Worcester in 1987. The court's main building is the John Joseph Moakley Federal Courthouse on Fan Pier in South Boston.", "title": "United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From 1982 through 1983, Jackson Beardy was senior arts advisor for the Federal Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, now known as Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. He developed the \"Indian Fine Arts Guide\" which outlined procedures for the acquisition of Indigenous art. Additionally during this time, he held the position of art advisor and cultural consultant for the Manitoba Museum of Man and Nature.", "title": "Jackson Beardy" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first woman elected to any Australian Parliament was Edith Cowan, elected to the Western Australian Legislative Assembly in 1921. Dame Enid Lyons, in the Australian House of Representatives and Senator Dorothy Tangney, became the first women in the federal Parliament in 1943. Lyons was in 1949 appointed Vice-President of the Executive Council by Robert Menzies. She was described as Minister without Portfolio, with no departmental duties, but the appointment gave her a seat in Cabinet. She held the position between 19 December 1949 and 7 March 1951, and is the only woman to have occupied the position.", "title": "Women's suffrage in Australia" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Matt Lynch (born June 11, 1951) is a Judge in the Ohio Court of Appeals Eleventh District, he ran for Judge in the Republican primary in 2018 beating the incumbent, he then won the general election in November, easily winning in all 5 counties of the 11th District, Republican Lynch was formerly a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, serving in the position From 2012 through 2014, . he considered running for the seat in 2010, but decided not to when his wife was diagnosed with breast cancer, In November 2012 Lynch was elected as representative for the 76th District, which replaces the 98th District.", "title": "Matt Lynch" } ]	Who is the federal leader of the party in which John Lynch-Staunton held a position?	Andrew Scheer	[]	Title: The Great British Bake Off (series 3) Passage: Seven thousand applied for the competition and twelve contestants were chosen. For the first time, all three finalists were male: Brendan Lynch, John Whaite and James Morton. The competition was won by John Whaite. Title: Matt Lynch Passage: Matt Lynch (born June 11, 1951) is a Judge in the Ohio Court of Appeals Eleventh District, he ran for Judge in the Republican primary in 2018 beating the incumbent, he then won the general election in November, easily winning in all 5 counties of the 11th District, Republican Lynch was formerly a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, serving in the position From 2012 through 2014, . he considered running for the seat in 2010, but decided not to when his wife was diagnosed with breast cancer, In November 2012 Lynch was elected as representative for the 76th District, which replaces the 98th District. Title: Arthur Cardin Passage: Born in Sorel, Quebec, he was a lawyer before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of Richelieu in the 1911 federal election. A Liberal, he was re-elected in every election he contested in Richelieu and, beginning in 1935, Richelieu—Verchères. He held four ministerial positions: Minister of Marine and Fisheries, Minister of Marine, Minister of Public Works, and Minister of Transport. Title: Daniel Bread Passage: Daniel Bread (1800-1873) was an important Oneida political and cultural leader who helped the Oneida preserve their culture while adapting to new realities during their transplantation from New York to Wisconsin (known then as Michigan Territory). He was frequently described as a "principal chief", "head chief", or "sachem" by the Oneida but held no hereditary position and was not an officially condoled chief. Title: Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives Passage: Like the Speaker of the House, the Minority Leaders are typically experienced lawmakers when they win election to this position. When Nancy Pelosi, D-CA, became Minority Leader in the 108th Congress, she had served in the House nearly 20 years and had served as minority whip in the 107th Congress. When her predecessor, Richard Gephardt, D-MO, became minority leader in the 104th House, he had been in the House for almost 20 years, had served as chairman of the Democratic Caucus for four years, had been a 1988 presidential candidate, and had been majority leader from June 1989 until Republicans captured control of the House in the November 1994 elections. Gephardt's predecessor in the minority leadership position was Robert Michel, R-IL, who became GOP Leader in 1981 after spending 24 years in the House. Michel's predecessor, Republican John Rhodes of Arizona, was elected Minority Leader in 1973 after 20 years of House service. Title: Sean Allstot Passage: Sean Allstot (born January 15, 1983 in Grass Valley, California) is a male beach volleyball player from the United States who participated at the NORCECA Circuit 2009 at Cayman Islands playing with Kevin Lynch. They finished in the 7th position. Title: 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election Passage: The 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election was held on May 27, 2017. Party members chose Andrew Scheer as leader, replacing Stephen Harper, who led the Conservative Party of Canada as its leader from 2004 following the merger of the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative parties. Harper led the party through five federal elections: the party increased its seat count in the House of Commons in 2004, formed two minority governments in 2006, and 2008, and then a majority government in 2011. Following the defeat of the party in the 2015 federal election on October 19, Harper tendered his resignation as party leader. In a statement, Conservative Party President Harry Walsh said he had spoken to Harper, ``and he has instructed me to reach out to the newly elected parliamentary caucus to appoint an Interim Leader and to implement the leadership selection process. '' Title: Neilson Poe Passage: Judge Neilson Poe (August 11, 1809 - January 4, 1884) was an American judge for the City of Baltimore's orphan's court, (today referred to as a probate court). He was initially appointed to the court by Maryland Governor John Lee Carroll in 1878 and elected to the position in November 1879. He held on to the position until 1883. Title: Jackson Beardy Passage: From 1982 through 1983, Jackson Beardy was senior arts advisor for the Federal Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, now known as Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. He developed the "Indian Fine Arts Guide" which outlined procedures for the acquisition of Indigenous art. Additionally during this time, he held the position of art advisor and cultural consultant for the Manitoba Museum of Man and Nature. Title: Hang 'Em High Passage: Hang 'Em High is a 1968 American DeLuxe Color revisionist Western film directed by Ted Post and written by Leonard Freeman and Mel Goldberg. It stars Clint Eastwood as Jed Cooper, an innocent man who survives a lynching; Inger Stevens as a widow who helps him; Ed Begley as the leader of the gang that lynched Cooper; and Pat Hingle as the judge who hires him as a U.S. Marshal. Title: United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts Passage: The United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts (in case citations, D. Mass.) is the federal district court whose territorial jurisdiction is the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States. The first court session was held in Boston in 1789. The second term was held in Salem in 1790 and court session locations alternated between the two cities until 1813. That year, Boston became the court's permanent home. A western division was opened in Springfield in 1979 and a central division was opened in Worcester in 1987. The court's main building is the John Joseph Moakley Federal Courthouse on Fan Pier in South Boston. Title: Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada) Passage: The position is currently held by Andrew Scheer, leader of the Conservative Party, having been elected by the Conservative caucus on May 27, 2017. Title: John Lynch-Staunton Passage: John George Lynch-Staunton (June 19, 1930 – August 17, 2012) was a Canadian senator, who served as interim leader of the Conservative Party of Canada, from December 2003 to March 2004. He represented the Senate division of Grandville, Quebec. Title: John Cecil Jones Passage: John Cecil Jones was an honorably-discharged World War II corporal and veteran who was tortured and lynched near Minden, in Webster Parish, Louisiana by a mob in 1946. His 17-year-old cousin Albert Harris, Jr. was tortured and left for dead alongside Jones. This was the only known post-World War II lynching to occur in Louisiana, and it involved multiple well-known local individuals, politicians, and a cover-up by multiple law enforcement entities. Title: Mordechai Gifter Passage: Rabbi Mordechai Gifter (October 15, 1915 - January 18, 2001) was the rosh yeshiva of the Telz Yeshiva in Cleveland and among the foremost religious leaders of Orthodox Jewry in the late 20th century. He studied in yeshivas in Lithuania and held several rabbinical positions in the United States of America. Title: 1957 Swiss referendums Passage: Four referendums were held in Switzerland during 1957. The first two were held on 3 March on a federal resolutions on introducing two new articles to the federal constitution; 22bis concerning civil protection and 36bis on radio and television. Both were rejected. The third and fourth were held on 24 November on introducing another article to the constitution (24 quinquies concerning nuclear power and protection from radiation) and a federal resolution on prolonging the federal breadstuffs law. Both were approved. Title: John, King of England Passage: Letters of support from the pope arrived in April but by then the rebel barons had organised. They congregated at Northampton in May and renounced their feudal ties to John, appointing Robert fitz Walter as their military leader. This self-proclaimed "Army of God" marched on London, taking the capital as well as Lincoln and Exeter. John's efforts to appear moderate and conciliatory had been largely successful, but once the rebels held London they attracted a fresh wave of defectors from John's royalist faction. John instructed Langton to organise peace talks with the rebel barons. Title: John P. Surma Passage: John P. Surma (born 1954 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American businessman. He was the executive chairman of the board of United States Steel Corporation. Surma retired as CEO of U.S. Steel effective September 1, 2013, and Chairman effective January 1, 2014, positions he held since 2004. Title: Staunton, Illinois Passage: Staunton is the second largest city in Macoupin County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 5,139. Title: Women's suffrage in Australia Passage: The first woman elected to any Australian Parliament was Edith Cowan, elected to the Western Australian Legislative Assembly in 1921. Dame Enid Lyons, in the Australian House of Representatives and Senator Dorothy Tangney, became the first women in the federal Parliament in 1943. Lyons was in 1949 appointed Vice-President of the Executive Council by Robert Menzies. She was described as Minister without Portfolio, with no departmental duties, but the appointment gave her a seat in Cabinet. She held the position between 19 December 1949 and 7 March 1951, and is the only woman to have occupied the position.	[ "John Lynch-Staunton", "2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election" ]
2hop__253612_110882	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2002, Erna was asked to write and perform a song for the soundtrack to The Scorpion King. The motion picture was the third in the Mummy saga, and was a spin-off prequel of the Mummy series. The song Godsmack wrote and performed was titled \"I Stand Alone\" and the song became the number 1 single at Rock Radio and the most played Active Rock song in 2002 for 14 weeks straight. It was also used in the game Prince of Persia: Warrior Within.", "title": "Godsmack" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spexy Beast is a stand-up comedy tour performed by British comedian Alan Carr. The tour was Carr's first to be performed in arena type venues, with extra dates being added in most territories due to popular demand.", "title": "Spexy Beast" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shirley Abicair was born in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Some sources show her year of birth as 1935, but a contemporary account shows she was 23 or 24 on arrival in Britain and, as she had completed tertiary studies in Australia, the earlier date seems more likely. She was the only daughter of a Wing Commander in the RAAF.", "title": "Shirley Abicair" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dr. Jesse Bennett (July 10, 1769 -- July 13, 1842) was the first American physician to perform a successful Caesarean section, which he performed on his own wife at the birth of their only child on January 14, 1794.", "title": "Jesse Bennett" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giuseppe Demachi (9 June 1732 – 1791 or after) was a composer born in Alessandria, Italy. He served as a leading violinist in the city of his birth and later in the city of Geneva with the Concerto di Ginevra of the Societé de Musique. He also served in the employ of one Count Sannazzaro in the 1760s and 1770s at Casale Monferrato. Not much is known about his life or death. Other than the records of his birth in 1732, his next known appearance in history is in 1763 when he was listed as playing in Alessandria's orchestra. After 1777 he again falls into obscurity until his last verifiable appearance during some concerts in London in 1791. The date of his death is not known, but is believed to have been shortly after his performances in London.", "title": "Giuseppe Demachi" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Stand by Me ''is a song originally performed by American singer - songwriter Ben E. King, written by King, Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. According to King, the title is derived and was inspired by a spiritual composition by Sam Cooke called`` Stand by Me Father'' (although Mike Stoller has stated differently). This spiritual was sung by the Soul Stirrers with Johnnie Taylor singing lead. The third line of the second verse of ``Stand by Me ''derives from Psalms 46: 2c. There have been over 400 recorded versions of the song performed by many artists. It has been featured on the soundtrack of the 1986 film Stand by Me. A music video was also released to promote the film.", "title": "Stand by Me" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Stand Up\" is a song by English musician James Cottriall, from his upcoming second studio album \"Love Is Louder\". It was released in Austria as a digital download on 20 January 2012. It entered the Austrian Singles Chart at number 10. The song was one of the finalists songs in the Austrian national final for the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 that will be held in Baku, Azerbaijan. The national final took place on 24 February 2012.", "title": "Stand Up (James Cottriall song)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "James Cottriall (born 1 January 1986, Stratford upon Avon) is an English musician, currently living in Los Angeles, California. He became famous throughout Austria with the success of his first single, \"Unbreakable\", which spent twenty weeks in the Austrian top 40 charts in summer 2010. \"Unbreakable\" was nominated for the Song of the Year category at the 2010 Austrian music Amadeus Awards.", "title": "James Cottriall" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover (glove-maker) originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and baptised there on 26 April 1564. His actual date of birth remains unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April, Saint George's Day. This date, which can be traced to a mistake made by an 18th-century scholar, has proved appealing to biographers because Shakespeare died on the same date in 1616. He was the third of eight children, and the eldest surviving son.", "title": "William Shakespeare" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This calendar era is based on the traditionally reckoned year of the conception or birth of Jesus of Nazareth, with AD counting years from the start of this epoch, and BC denoting years before the start of the era. There is no year zero in this scheme, so the year AD 1 immediately follows the year 1 BC. This dating system was devised in 525 by Dionysius Exiguus of Scythia Minor, but was not widely used until after 800.", "title": "Anno Domini" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The U.S. Constitution uses but does not define the phrase ``natural born Citizen '', and various opinions have been offered over time regarding its precise meaning. The consensus of early 21st - century constitutional scholars, together with relevant case law, is that natural - born citizens include, subject to exceptions, those born in the United States. Many scholars have also concluded that those who meet the legal requirements for U.S. citizenship`` at the moment of birth'', regardless of place of birth, are also natural - born citizens. Every president to date was either a citizen at the adoption of the Constitution in 1789 or was born in the United States; of these there have been seven that had at least one parent who was not born on U.S. soil.", "title": "Natural-born-citizen clause" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pir Syed Muhammad Binyamin Rizvi (Urdu: پیر سید محمد بنیامین رضوی)date of Birth 15 Aug 1959 date of Death 24 June 2004) was a Pakistani politician. He was the oldest son of Pir Syed Mohammad Yaqoob Shah (a famous spiritual and religious scholar, and member of provincial assembly who died on 31 August 1991). On 24 June 2004 he was brutally murdered in Lahore near his House. He is buried next to his father late Pir Syed Mohammad Yaqoob Shah in his home town Phalia.", "title": "Pir Syed Muhammad Binyamin Rizvi" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "La naissance d'Osiris, ou La fête Pamilie (\"The Birth of Osiris, or The Festival of Pamylia\") is a one-act opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau, first performed on 12 October 1754 at Fontainebleau to celebrate the birth of the future King Louis XVI. The libretto is by Rameau's frequent collaborator Louis de Cahusac. Cahusac styled the work a \"ballet allégorique\" (\"allegorical ballet\"), but it is usually categorised as an \"acte de ballet\". Its slender plot tells of Jupiter's announcement to a group of Egyptian shepherds of the birth of the god Osiris, who symbolises the baby prince. The piece may have started life as part of a larger work, \"Les beaux jours de l'Amour\", an \"opéra-ballet\" Rameau and Cahusac planned but never completed for reasons which are still uncertain.", "title": "La naissance d'Osiris" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his \"Method for the mandolin\" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period.", "title": "Giovanni Cifolelli" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Madonna was criticized for her performance of \"Like a Virgin\" at the first 1984 MTV Video Music Awards (VMA). She appeared on stage atop a giant wedding cake, wearing a wedding dress and white gloves. The performance is noted by MTV as an iconic moment in VMA history. In later years, Madonna commented that she was terrified of the performance. The next hit was \"Material Girl\" promoted by her video, a mimicry of Marilyn Monroe's performance of the song \"Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend\" from the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. While filming this video, Madonna started dating actor Sean Penn. They married on her birthday in 1985. Like a Virgin was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America and sold more than 25 million copies worldwide. In February 1984, according to the film director Sir Richard Attenborough, Madonna auditioned at the Royale Theatre on Broadway for a dance role in his movie version of A Chorus Line using her birth-name of Ciccone, but he rejected her.", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The meaning and significance of Australia Day has evolved over time. Unofficially, or historically, the date has also been variously named ``Anniversary Day '',`` Foundation Day'', and ``ANA Day ''. 26 January 1788 marked the proclamation of British sovereignty over the eastern seaboard of Australia (then known as New Holland). Although it was not known as Australia Day until over a century later, records of celebrations on 26 January date back to 1808, with the first official celebration of the formation of New South Wales held in 1818. On New Year's Day 1901, the British colonies of Australia formed a federation, marking the birth of modern Australia. A national day of unity and celebration was looked for. It was not until 1935 that all Australian states and territories adopted use of the term`` Australia Day'' to mark the date, and not until 1994 that the date was consistently marked by a public holiday on that day by all states and territories.", "title": "Australia Day" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grant's First Stand is the debut album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances by Green recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1961. Earlier recordings made by Green for Blue Note were released as \"First Session\" in 2001.", "title": "Grant's First Stand" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clara Morris (March 17, 1849 – November 20, 1925) (her birth date is sometimes given as 1846/48) was an American actress.", "title": "Clara Morris" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A few pubs have stage performances such as serious drama, stand-up comedy, musical bands, cabaret or striptease; however juke boxes, karaoke and other forms of pre-recorded music have otherwise replaced the musical tradition of a piano or guitar and singing.[citation needed]", "title": "Pub" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pak Nam-gi or Park Nam-ki (21 February 1934 – 17 March 2010) was, until as late as January 2010, Director of the Planning and Finance Department of the ruling party of North Korea. There are doubts about his date of birth, with at least two unattributed sources reporting it as 21 February 1934 or sometime in 1928 respectively.", "title": "Pak Nam-gi" } ]	What is the date of birth of the performer of Stand Up?	1 January 1986	[]	Title: Anno Domini Passage: This calendar era is based on the traditionally reckoned year of the conception or birth of Jesus of Nazareth, with AD counting years from the start of this epoch, and BC denoting years before the start of the era. There is no year zero in this scheme, so the year AD 1 immediately follows the year 1 BC. This dating system was devised in 525 by Dionysius Exiguus of Scythia Minor, but was not widely used until after 800. Title: Clara Morris Passage: Clara Morris (March 17, 1849 – November 20, 1925) (her birth date is sometimes given as 1846/48) was an American actress. Title: Stand by Me Passage: ``Stand by Me ''is a song originally performed by American singer - songwriter Ben E. King, written by King, Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. According to King, the title is derived and was inspired by a spiritual composition by Sam Cooke called`` Stand by Me Father'' (although Mike Stoller has stated differently). This spiritual was sung by the Soul Stirrers with Johnnie Taylor singing lead. The third line of the second verse of ``Stand by Me ''derives from Psalms 46: 2c. There have been over 400 recorded versions of the song performed by many artists. It has been featured on the soundtrack of the 1986 film Stand by Me. A music video was also released to promote the film. Title: Spexy Beast Passage: Spexy Beast is a stand-up comedy tour performed by British comedian Alan Carr. The tour was Carr's first to be performed in arena type venues, with extra dates being added in most territories due to popular demand. Title: Jesse Bennett Passage: Dr. Jesse Bennett (July 10, 1769 -- July 13, 1842) was the first American physician to perform a successful Caesarean section, which he performed on his own wife at the birth of their only child on January 14, 1794. Title: Madonna (entertainer) Passage: Madonna was criticized for her performance of "Like a Virgin" at the first 1984 MTV Video Music Awards (VMA). She appeared on stage atop a giant wedding cake, wearing a wedding dress and white gloves. The performance is noted by MTV as an iconic moment in VMA history. In later years, Madonna commented that she was terrified of the performance. The next hit was "Material Girl" promoted by her video, a mimicry of Marilyn Monroe's performance of the song "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" from the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. While filming this video, Madonna started dating actor Sean Penn. They married on her birthday in 1985. Like a Virgin was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America and sold more than 25 million copies worldwide. In February 1984, according to the film director Sir Richard Attenborough, Madonna auditioned at the Royale Theatre on Broadway for a dance role in his movie version of A Chorus Line using her birth-name of Ciccone, but he rejected her. Title: Grant's First Stand Passage: Grant's First Stand is the debut album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances by Green recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1961. Earlier recordings made by Green for Blue Note were released as "First Session" in 2001. Title: Giuseppe Demachi Passage: Giuseppe Demachi (9 June 1732 – 1791 or after) was a composer born in Alessandria, Italy. He served as a leading violinist in the city of his birth and later in the city of Geneva with the Concerto di Ginevra of the Societé de Musique. He also served in the employ of one Count Sannazzaro in the 1760s and 1770s at Casale Monferrato. Not much is known about his life or death. Other than the records of his birth in 1732, his next known appearance in history is in 1763 when he was listed as playing in Alessandria's orchestra. After 1777 he again falls into obscurity until his last verifiable appearance during some concerts in London in 1791. The date of his death is not known, but is believed to have been shortly after his performances in London. Title: Shirley Abicair Passage: Shirley Abicair was born in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Some sources show her year of birth as 1935, but a contemporary account shows she was 23 or 24 on arrival in Britain and, as she had completed tertiary studies in Australia, the earlier date seems more likely. She was the only daughter of a Wing Commander in the RAAF. Title: Pir Syed Muhammad Binyamin Rizvi Passage: Pir Syed Muhammad Binyamin Rizvi (Urdu: پیر سید محمد بنیامین رضوی)date of Birth 15 Aug 1959 date of Death 24 June 2004) was a Pakistani politician. He was the oldest son of Pir Syed Mohammad Yaqoob Shah (a famous spiritual and religious scholar, and member of provincial assembly who died on 31 August 1991). On 24 June 2004 he was brutally murdered in Lahore near his House. He is buried next to his father late Pir Syed Mohammad Yaqoob Shah in his home town Phalia. Title: Natural-born-citizen clause Passage: The U.S. Constitution uses but does not define the phrase ``natural born Citizen '', and various opinions have been offered over time regarding its precise meaning. The consensus of early 21st - century constitutional scholars, together with relevant case law, is that natural - born citizens include, subject to exceptions, those born in the United States. Many scholars have also concluded that those who meet the legal requirements for U.S. citizenship`` at the moment of birth'', regardless of place of birth, are also natural - born citizens. Every president to date was either a citizen at the adoption of the Constitution in 1789 or was born in the United States; of these there have been seven that had at least one parent who was not born on U.S. soil. Title: William Shakespeare Passage: William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover (glove-maker) originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and baptised there on 26 April 1564. His actual date of birth remains unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April, Saint George's Day. This date, which can be traced to a mistake made by an 18th-century scholar, has proved appealing to biographers because Shakespeare died on the same date in 1616. He was the third of eight children, and the eldest surviving son. Title: Giovanni Cifolelli Passage: Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his "Method for the mandolin" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period. Title: Australia Day Passage: The meaning and significance of Australia Day has evolved over time. Unofficially, or historically, the date has also been variously named ``Anniversary Day '',`` Foundation Day'', and ``ANA Day ''. 26 January 1788 marked the proclamation of British sovereignty over the eastern seaboard of Australia (then known as New Holland). Although it was not known as Australia Day until over a century later, records of celebrations on 26 January date back to 1808, with the first official celebration of the formation of New South Wales held in 1818. On New Year's Day 1901, the British colonies of Australia formed a federation, marking the birth of modern Australia. A national day of unity and celebration was looked for. It was not until 1935 that all Australian states and territories adopted use of the term`` Australia Day'' to mark the date, and not until 1994 that the date was consistently marked by a public holiday on that day by all states and territories. Title: Stand Up (James Cottriall song) Passage: "Stand Up" is a song by English musician James Cottriall, from his upcoming second studio album "Love Is Louder". It was released in Austria as a digital download on 20 January 2012. It entered the Austrian Singles Chart at number 10. The song was one of the finalists songs in the Austrian national final for the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 that will be held in Baku, Azerbaijan. The national final took place on 24 February 2012. Title: James Cottriall Passage: James Cottriall (born 1 January 1986, Stratford upon Avon) is an English musician, currently living in Los Angeles, California. He became famous throughout Austria with the success of his first single, "Unbreakable", which spent twenty weeks in the Austrian top 40 charts in summer 2010. "Unbreakable" was nominated for the Song of the Year category at the 2010 Austrian music Amadeus Awards. Title: Pub Passage: A few pubs have stage performances such as serious drama, stand-up comedy, musical bands, cabaret or striptease; however juke boxes, karaoke and other forms of pre-recorded music have otherwise replaced the musical tradition of a piano or guitar and singing.[citation needed] Title: La naissance d'Osiris Passage: La naissance d'Osiris, ou La fête Pamilie ("The Birth of Osiris, or The Festival of Pamylia") is a one-act opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau, first performed on 12 October 1754 at Fontainebleau to celebrate the birth of the future King Louis XVI. The libretto is by Rameau's frequent collaborator Louis de Cahusac. Cahusac styled the work a "ballet allégorique" ("allegorical ballet"), but it is usually categorised as an "acte de ballet". Its slender plot tells of Jupiter's announcement to a group of Egyptian shepherds of the birth of the god Osiris, who symbolises the baby prince. The piece may have started life as part of a larger work, "Les beaux jours de l'Amour", an "opéra-ballet" Rameau and Cahusac planned but never completed for reasons which are still uncertain. Title: Godsmack Passage: In 2002, Erna was asked to write and perform a song for the soundtrack to The Scorpion King. The motion picture was the third in the Mummy saga, and was a spin-off prequel of the Mummy series. The song Godsmack wrote and performed was titled "I Stand Alone" and the song became the number 1 single at Rock Radio and the most played Active Rock song in 2002 for 14 weeks straight. It was also used in the game Prince of Persia: Warrior Within. Title: Pak Nam-gi Passage: Pak Nam-gi or Park Nam-ki (21 February 1934 – 17 March 2010) was, until as late as January 2010, Director of the Planning and Finance Department of the ruling party of North Korea. There are doubts about his date of birth, with at least two unattributed sources reporting it as 21 February 1934 or sometime in 1928 respectively.	[ "Stand Up (James Cottriall song)", "James Cottriall" ]
2hop__403712_793210	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arthur Robert Peter Baden-Powell, 2nd Baron Baden-Powell, FRSA (30 October 1913 – 9 December 1962) was the son of Lieutenant-General Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, the founder of Scouting, and Olave St. Clair Soames. He was also the nephew of Agnes Baden-Powell, Baden Baden-Powell, and Warington Baden-Powell, and the grandson of the Rev. Baden Powell. Peter was named Arthur after his mother's brother, Robert after his father, and Peter after Peter Pan, a character in a play by James Barrie, of whom Peter's father, the first Lord Baden-Powell, was a great fan. Likewise, Peter Baden-Powell named his daughter Wendy after another character in the play.", "title": "Peter Baden-Powell, 2nd Baron Baden-Powell" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (5 August 130119 March 1330) was the sixth son of Edward I of England, and a younger half-brother of Edward II. Edward I had intended to make substantial grants of land to Edmund, but when the king died in 1307, Edward II failed to follow through on his father's intentions, much due to his favouritism towards Piers Gaveston. Edmund still remained loyal to his brother, and in 1321 he was created Earl of Kent. He played an important part in Edward's administration, acting both as diplomat and military commander, and in 1321–22 helped suppress a rebellion against the King.", "title": "Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edward Malet came from a family of diplomats; his father was Sir Alexander Malet, British minister to Württemberg and later to the German Confederation. After three years at Eton College, Edward Malet entered the foreign service at the age of 17.", "title": "Edward Malet" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Father Brown, Detective is a 1934 American mystery film directed by Edward Sedgwick and starring Walter Connolly, Paul Lukas and Gertrude Michael. It is based on the Father Brown story \"The Blue Cross\" by G.K. Chesterton, a story which also informed the 1954 film \"Father Brown\" with Alec Guinness and Peter Finch.", "title": "Father Brown, Detective" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Martha Creek Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the Lake Revelstoke Reservoir north of the city of Revelstoke.", "title": "Martha Creek Provincial Park" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was the son of Josiah Stamp, 1st Baron Stamp. He succeeded his brother and father as Baron Stamp when they were killed during the war by German bombing. He was a member of the Liberal Party in the House of Lords but later became a cross-bencher.", "title": "Trevor Stamp, 3rd Baron Stamp" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Thomas Baring, known as \"Tom\", was the tenth child (fifth of second marriage) of Henry Baring of Cromer Hall, and younger full brother of Edward Baring, 1st Baron Revelstoke. Like his brother, Baring was involved in the family banking business, beginning his career in the Liverpool office of Barings Bank. He later moved to New York City to join Kidder Peabody. When, in 1890, Kidder Peabody split its dual Boston-New York firm, Baring became a partner in the separated New York firm. He and another Kidder-Peabody alumnus, George C. Magoun, formed Baring, Magoun. Both houses continued as North American agents for Barings.", "title": "Tom Baring" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Conyers, 1st Baron Conyers (21 December 1468 – 14 April 1524), also known as William Conyers of Hornby, was an English baron and aristocrat.", "title": "William Conyers, 1st Baron Conyers" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He married Elizabeth le Despenser, daughter of Edward le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer (Despenser), by Elizabeth Burghersh, daughter and heiress of Bartholomew de Burghersh, 2nd Baron Burghersh. They had:", "title": "John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard spent his reign focused on protecting his possessions in France and fighting in the Third Crusade; his brother, John, inherited England in 1199 but lost Normandy and most of Aquitaine after several years of war with France. John fought successive, increasingly expensive, campaigns in a bid to regain these possessions. John's efforts to raise revenues, combined with his fractious relationships with many of the English barons, led to confrontation in 1215, an attempt to restore peace through the signing of the Magna Carta, and finally the outbreak of the First Barons' War. John died having fought the rebel barons and their French backers to a stalemate, and royal power was re-established by barons loyal to the young Henry III. England's power structures remained unstable and the outbreak of the Second Barons' War in 1264 resulted in the king's capture by Simon de Montfort. Henry's son, Edward, defeated the rebel factions between 1265 and 1267, restoring his father to power.", "title": "England in the Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir William Maule was the eldest son of Sir Peter Maule and Christina de Valognes, Baron and Baroness of Panmure and Benvie. William succeeded as Baron in 1254 on his father's death. He was married to Ethana de Vallibus, daughter of John Vaux, Lord of Dirleton, and left one son, Henry Maule, who succeeded him as Baron.", "title": "Sir William Maule" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edward Stafford, 3rd Baron Stafford (7 January 1535 – 18 October 1603) was the second surviving son of Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford and Ursula Pole, the younger brother of Henry Stafford, 2nd Baron Stafford. He served in Parliament for Stafford and succeeded his brother to the barony in 1566.", "title": "Edward Stafford, 3rd Baron Stafford" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edward Pellew, 3rd Viscount Exmouth (14 February 1811 – 11 February 1876), was a British peer who inherited the title of Viscount Exmouth from his father and held the title for 42 years. He was the grandson of Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth.", "title": "Edward Pellew, 3rd Viscount Exmouth" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Benjamin Stillingfleet was born in Wood Norton, Norfolk, in 1702 to Mary Ann and Edward Stillingfleet, a physician. He was one of four children, and the only son. His grandfather, a bishop, had died in 1699, but left no money to Benjamin's father as he disapproved of his father's opinions and his marriage.", "title": "Benjamin Stillingfleet" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Painter's Honeymoon is a painting by Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton, produced and currently housed at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.", "title": "The Painter's Honeymoon" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Angelīna Kučvaļska was born on 6 December 1998 in Saldus, Latvia. Her father died when she was 12 years old. She is a student at Riga 1st secondary school.", "title": "Angelīna Kučvaļska" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Profumo was born in London, the son of former British government minister John Profumo and his wife, actress Valerie Hobson. The Profumo family is of Italian origin. David Profumo would have succeeded his father as 6th Baron Profumo in the nobility of the Kingdom of Sardinia, if the nobility of Italy had not been legally abolished after WW2. Like his father, he does not use this title.", "title": "David Profumo" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A member of the influential Baring family, he was the son of Lieutenant-General Charles Baring, son of Henry Bingham Baring, son of Henry Baring, third son of Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet. His mother was Helen Graham, daughter of Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet. He was a lifelong resident of the Isle of Wight. He became involved in politics and public affairs at an early age: he was elected president of the Isle of Wight Liberal Union aged 23, was made a Justice of the Peace a year later and was High Sheriff of Hampshire in 1897 at the age of 26. In 1898 he became chairman of the Isle of Wight County Council, a position he held for the rest of his life.", "title": "Godfrey Baring" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In postcolonial Africa, \"father of the nation\" was a title used by many leaders both to refer to their role in the independence movement as a source of legitimacy, and to use paternalist symbolism as a source of continued popularity. On Joseph Stalin's seventieth birthday in 1949, he was bestowed with the title \"Father of Nations\" for his establishment of \"people's democracies\" in countries occupied by the USSR after World War II.The title \"Father of the Nation\" is sometimes politically contested. The 1972 Constitution of Bangladesh declared Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to be \"father of the nation\". The BNP government removed this in 2004, to the protests of the oppostition Awami League, led by Rahman's daughter Sheikh Hasina. A motion in the Parliament of Slovakia to proclaim controversial pre-war leader Andrej Hlinka \"father of the nation\" barely failed in September 2007.", "title": "Father of the Nation" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edward George Dannreuther (4 November 1844, Strasbourg – 12 February 1905, Hastings) was a German pianist and writer on music, resident from 1863 in England. His father had crossed the Atlantic, moving to Cincinnati, and there established a piano manufacturing business. Young Edward, under pressure from his father to enter banking as a career, a prospect he found uncongenial, escaped to Leipzig in 1859.", "title": "Edward Dannreuther" } ]	Who is the father of Edward Baring, 1st Baron Revelstoke's father?	Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet	[]	Title: Edward Dannreuther Passage: Edward George Dannreuther (4 November 1844, Strasbourg – 12 February 1905, Hastings) was a German pianist and writer on music, resident from 1863 in England. His father had crossed the Atlantic, moving to Cincinnati, and there established a piano manufacturing business. Young Edward, under pressure from his father to enter banking as a career, a prospect he found uncongenial, escaped to Leipzig in 1859. Title: John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel Passage: He married Elizabeth le Despenser, daughter of Edward le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer (Despenser), by Elizabeth Burghersh, daughter and heiress of Bartholomew de Burghersh, 2nd Baron Burghersh. They had: Title: Benjamin Stillingfleet Passage: Benjamin Stillingfleet was born in Wood Norton, Norfolk, in 1702 to Mary Ann and Edward Stillingfleet, a physician. He was one of four children, and the only son. His grandfather, a bishop, had died in 1699, but left no money to Benjamin's father as he disapproved of his father's opinions and his marriage. Title: Father of the Nation Passage: In postcolonial Africa, "father of the nation" was a title used by many leaders both to refer to their role in the independence movement as a source of legitimacy, and to use paternalist symbolism as a source of continued popularity. On Joseph Stalin's seventieth birthday in 1949, he was bestowed with the title "Father of Nations" for his establishment of "people's democracies" in countries occupied by the USSR after World War II.The title "Father of the Nation" is sometimes politically contested. The 1972 Constitution of Bangladesh declared Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to be "father of the nation". The BNP government removed this in 2004, to the protests of the oppostition Awami League, led by Rahman's daughter Sheikh Hasina. A motion in the Parliament of Slovakia to proclaim controversial pre-war leader Andrej Hlinka "father of the nation" barely failed in September 2007. Title: Tom Baring Passage: Thomas Baring, known as "Tom", was the tenth child (fifth of second marriage) of Henry Baring of Cromer Hall, and younger full brother of Edward Baring, 1st Baron Revelstoke. Like his brother, Baring was involved in the family banking business, beginning his career in the Liverpool office of Barings Bank. He later moved to New York City to join Kidder Peabody. When, in 1890, Kidder Peabody split its dual Boston-New York firm, Baring became a partner in the separated New York firm. He and another Kidder-Peabody alumnus, George C. Magoun, formed Baring, Magoun. Both houses continued as North American agents for Barings. Title: The Painter's Honeymoon Passage: The Painter's Honeymoon is a painting by Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton, produced and currently housed at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Title: Angelīna Kučvaļska Passage: Angelīna Kučvaļska was born on 6 December 1998 in Saldus, Latvia. Her father died when she was 12 years old. She is a student at Riga 1st secondary school. Title: Sir William Maule Passage: Sir William Maule was the eldest son of Sir Peter Maule and Christina de Valognes, Baron and Baroness of Panmure and Benvie. William succeeded as Baron in 1254 on his father's death. He was married to Ethana de Vallibus, daughter of John Vaux, Lord of Dirleton, and left one son, Henry Maule, who succeeded him as Baron. Title: Edward Malet Passage: Edward Malet came from a family of diplomats; his father was Sir Alexander Malet, British minister to Württemberg and later to the German Confederation. After three years at Eton College, Edward Malet entered the foreign service at the age of 17. Title: Father Brown, Detective Passage: Father Brown, Detective is a 1934 American mystery film directed by Edward Sedgwick and starring Walter Connolly, Paul Lukas and Gertrude Michael. It is based on the Father Brown story "The Blue Cross" by G.K. Chesterton, a story which also informed the 1954 film "Father Brown" with Alec Guinness and Peter Finch. Title: Edward Stafford, 3rd Baron Stafford Passage: Edward Stafford, 3rd Baron Stafford (7 January 1535 – 18 October 1603) was the second surviving son of Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford and Ursula Pole, the younger brother of Henry Stafford, 2nd Baron Stafford. He served in Parliament for Stafford and succeeded his brother to the barony in 1566. Title: David Profumo Passage: Profumo was born in London, the son of former British government minister John Profumo and his wife, actress Valerie Hobson. The Profumo family is of Italian origin. David Profumo would have succeeded his father as 6th Baron Profumo in the nobility of the Kingdom of Sardinia, if the nobility of Italy had not been legally abolished after WW2. Like his father, he does not use this title. Title: Martha Creek Provincial Park Passage: Martha Creek Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the Lake Revelstoke Reservoir north of the city of Revelstoke. Title: Edward Pellew, 3rd Viscount Exmouth Passage: Edward Pellew, 3rd Viscount Exmouth (14 February 1811 – 11 February 1876), was a British peer who inherited the title of Viscount Exmouth from his father and held the title for 42 years. He was the grandson of Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth. Title: Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent Passage: Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (5 August 130119 March 1330) was the sixth son of Edward I of England, and a younger half-brother of Edward II. Edward I had intended to make substantial grants of land to Edmund, but when the king died in 1307, Edward II failed to follow through on his father's intentions, much due to his favouritism towards Piers Gaveston. Edmund still remained loyal to his brother, and in 1321 he was created Earl of Kent. He played an important part in Edward's administration, acting both as diplomat and military commander, and in 1321–22 helped suppress a rebellion against the King. Title: England in the Middle Ages Passage: Richard spent his reign focused on protecting his possessions in France and fighting in the Third Crusade; his brother, John, inherited England in 1199 but lost Normandy and most of Aquitaine after several years of war with France. John fought successive, increasingly expensive, campaigns in a bid to regain these possessions. John's efforts to raise revenues, combined with his fractious relationships with many of the English barons, led to confrontation in 1215, an attempt to restore peace through the signing of the Magna Carta, and finally the outbreak of the First Barons' War. John died having fought the rebel barons and their French backers to a stalemate, and royal power was re-established by barons loyal to the young Henry III. England's power structures remained unstable and the outbreak of the Second Barons' War in 1264 resulted in the king's capture by Simon de Montfort. Henry's son, Edward, defeated the rebel factions between 1265 and 1267, restoring his father to power. Title: William Conyers, 1st Baron Conyers Passage: William Conyers, 1st Baron Conyers (21 December 1468 – 14 April 1524), also known as William Conyers of Hornby, was an English baron and aristocrat. Title: Trevor Stamp, 3rd Baron Stamp Passage: He was the son of Josiah Stamp, 1st Baron Stamp. He succeeded his brother and father as Baron Stamp when they were killed during the war by German bombing. He was a member of the Liberal Party in the House of Lords but later became a cross-bencher. Title: Godfrey Baring Passage: A member of the influential Baring family, he was the son of Lieutenant-General Charles Baring, son of Henry Bingham Baring, son of Henry Baring, third son of Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet. His mother was Helen Graham, daughter of Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet. He was a lifelong resident of the Isle of Wight. He became involved in politics and public affairs at an early age: he was elected president of the Isle of Wight Liberal Union aged 23, was made a Justice of the Peace a year later and was High Sheriff of Hampshire in 1897 at the age of 26. In 1898 he became chairman of the Isle of Wight County Council, a position he held for the rest of his life. Title: Peter Baden-Powell, 2nd Baron Baden-Powell Passage: Arthur Robert Peter Baden-Powell, 2nd Baron Baden-Powell, FRSA (30 October 1913 – 9 December 1962) was the son of Lieutenant-General Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, the founder of Scouting, and Olave St. Clair Soames. He was also the nephew of Agnes Baden-Powell, Baden Baden-Powell, and Warington Baden-Powell, and the grandson of the Rev. Baden Powell. Peter was named Arthur after his mother's brother, Robert after his father, and Peter after Peter Pan, a character in a play by James Barrie, of whom Peter's father, the first Lord Baden-Powell, was a great fan. Likewise, Peter Baden-Powell named his daughter Wendy after another character in the play.	[ "Tom Baring", "Godfrey Baring" ]
2hop__501624_181960	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1795 - 96 & 1799 - 1804 or '05 -- In 1795, Charles Bullfinch, the architect of Boston's famed State House first employed a temporary funicular railway with specially designed dumper cars to decapitate' the Tremont's' Beacon Hill summit and begin the decades long land reclamation projects which created most of the real estate in Boston's lower elevations of today from broad mud flats, such as South Boston, Eastern parts of Dorchester, much of the shorelines of the entire Charles River basin on both the left and right banks and Brighton from mud flats, and most famously and tellingly especially the Back Bay.", "title": "Timeline of United States railway history" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Southampton became a spa town in 1740. It had also become a popular site for sea bathing by the 1760s, despite the lack of a good quality beach. Innovative buildings specifically for this purpose were built at West Quay, with baths that were filled and emptied by the flow of the tide.", "title": "Southampton" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born at Swainswick, near Bath, Somerset, William Prynne was educated at Bath Grammar School and Oriel College, Oxford. He graduated with a BA on 22 January 1621, was admitted a student of Lincoln's Inn in the same year, and was called to the bar in 1628. According to Anthony à Wood, he was confirmed in his militant puritanism by the influence of John Preston, who was then lecturer at Lincoln's Inn. In 1627 he published his first book, a theological treatise, followed in the next three years by three others attacking Arminianism and its teachers. In the preface to one of them he appealed to parliament to suppress anything written against Calvinist doctrine and to force the clergy to subscribe to the conclusion of the Synod of Dort. Prynne was a strong disciplinarian. After arguing that the custom of drinking healths was sinful, he asserted that for men to wear their hair long was \"unseemly and unlawful unto Christians\", while it was \"mannish, unnatural, impudent, and unchristian\" for women to cut it short.", "title": "William Prynne" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mr. Noodle and his siblings -- Mr. Noodle's brother Mister Noodle, Ms Noodle, and Miss Noodle -- are characters who appear in the ``Elmo's World ''segments during the educational children's television program Sesame Street. Mr. Noodle was played by Broadway actor Bill Irwin, who had previously worked with Arlene Sherman, executive producer of Sesame Street and co-creator of`` Elmo's World'', in short films for the program.", "title": "Mr. Noodle" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Child's Bath (or The Bath) is an 1893 oil painting by American artist Mary Cassatt. The subject matter and the overhead perspective were inspired by Japanese woodblocks. It shows dignity in motherhood and has a style similar to that of Degas.", "title": "The Child's Bath" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir William Watson (1744–1824) was an English physician and naturalist, elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1767 and knighted in 1796. He was mayor of Bath in 1801.", "title": "William Watson (physician)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Miracle of Sound in Motion is the third studio album by Steel Pole Bath Tub, released on May 10, 1993 by Boner Records.", "title": "The Miracle of Sound in Motion" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bomberg was one of the most audacious of the exceptional generation of artists who studied at the Slade School of Art under Henry Tonks, and which included Mark Gertler, Stanley Spencer, C.R.W. Nevinson and Dora Carrington. Bomberg painted a series of complex geometric compositions combining the influences of cubism and futurism in the years immediately preceding World War I; typically using a limited number of striking colours, turning humans into simple, angular shapes, and sometimes overlaying the whole painting a strong grid-work colouring scheme. He was expelled from the Slade School of Art in 1913, with agreement between the senior teachers Tonks, Frederick Brown and Philip Wilson Steer, because of the audacity of his breach from the conventional approach of that time.", "title": "David Bomberg" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bath Stone has been used extensively as a building material throughout southern England, for churches, houses, and public buildings such as railway stations.", "title": "Bath stone" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "West Bath is a town in Sagadahoc County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,877 at the 2010 census. A sub-locality of West Bath is Winnegance. West Bath is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area.", "title": "West Bath, Maine" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Mud Bath is a 1914 oil-on-canvas painting by David Bomberg. The work is considered a masterpiece of Bomberg's work in this period. Bomberg was a founder member of the London Group, and the painting is considered a leading example of Vorticism, although Bomberg resisted being described as a Vorticist.", "title": "The Mud Bath" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fashion Museum (known before 2007 as the Museum of Costume) is housed in the Assembly Rooms in Bath, Somerset, England.", "title": "Fashion Museum, Bath" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Klawasi group is a cluster of three large mud volcanoes on the western flank of Mount Drum, a Pleistocene stratovolcano in the Wrangell Mountains of east-central Alaska in the United States. The cluster includes the Upper Klawasi, the Lower Klawasi and the Shrub.", "title": "Klawasi group" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harry Bath (28 November 1924 – 4 October 2008), born Alfred Henry Bath, also known by the nickname of \"The Old Fox\", was an Australian rugby league footballer and coach who was prominent and influential in the mid-20th century. A state and international representative who played 12 matches for Other Nationalities in the International Championship from 1949 to 1955, he played as a and has been referred to as the best Australian rugby league player never to be picked for the Australian national team. Following his retirement, Bath coached in the New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership for two decades, also achieving selection as the Australian national team coach.", "title": "Harry Bath" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mud River is a tributary of the Green River in western Kentucky in the United States. Via the Green and Ohio rivers, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed. It is about long.", "title": "Mud River (Kentucky)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Klaus-Jürgen Bathe is a civil engineer, professor of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and founder of ADINA R&D, who specializes in computational mechanics. Bathe is considered to be one of the pioneers in the field of finite element analysis and its applications.", "title": "Klaus-Jürgen Bathe" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter Short (born 20 June 1979 in Liverpool, England) was a rugby union footballer who played as a lock forward predominantly for Bath in the Aviva Premiership.", "title": "Peter Short (rugby union)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Forrest, CB, QHP (20 June 1804, Stirling, Scotland – 10 December 1865, Bath, England) was a British military medical officer.", "title": "John Forrest (doctor)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eston College is a private Christian post-secondary educational institution located in Eston, Saskatchewan, Canada. Since 1944 it has served as the primary training center for the Apostolic Church of Pentecost (ACOP) and welcomes students from across Canada and around the world. In a rural setting, Eston College provides an educational and discipleship setting that \"allows you to learn more about yourself, your world, and your creator.\"", "title": "Eston College" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mud Bay is a census-designated place (CDP) in Haines Borough, Alaska, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 212, up from 137 at the 2000 census.", "title": "Mud Bay, Alaska" } ]	Where did the painter of The Mud Bath study?	Slade School of Art	[ "The Slade" ]	Title: Harry Bath Passage: Harry Bath (28 November 1924 – 4 October 2008), born Alfred Henry Bath, also known by the nickname of "The Old Fox", was an Australian rugby league footballer and coach who was prominent and influential in the mid-20th century. A state and international representative who played 12 matches for Other Nationalities in the International Championship from 1949 to 1955, he played as a and has been referred to as the best Australian rugby league player never to be picked for the Australian national team. Following his retirement, Bath coached in the New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership for two decades, also achieving selection as the Australian national team coach. Title: Fashion Museum, Bath Passage: The Fashion Museum (known before 2007 as the Museum of Costume) is housed in the Assembly Rooms in Bath, Somerset, England. Title: Peter Short (rugby union) Passage: Peter Short (born 20 June 1979 in Liverpool, England) was a rugby union footballer who played as a lock forward predominantly for Bath in the Aviva Premiership. Title: West Bath, Maine Passage: West Bath is a town in Sagadahoc County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,877 at the 2010 census. A sub-locality of West Bath is Winnegance. West Bath is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area. Title: The Child's Bath Passage: The Child's Bath (or The Bath) is an 1893 oil painting by American artist Mary Cassatt. The subject matter and the overhead perspective were inspired by Japanese woodblocks. It shows dignity in motherhood and has a style similar to that of Degas. Title: Mr. Noodle Passage: Mr. Noodle and his siblings -- Mr. Noodle's brother Mister Noodle, Ms Noodle, and Miss Noodle -- are characters who appear in the ``Elmo's World ''segments during the educational children's television program Sesame Street. Mr. Noodle was played by Broadway actor Bill Irwin, who had previously worked with Arlene Sherman, executive producer of Sesame Street and co-creator of`` Elmo's World'', in short films for the program. Title: Southampton Passage: Southampton became a spa town in 1740. It had also become a popular site for sea bathing by the 1760s, despite the lack of a good quality beach. Innovative buildings specifically for this purpose were built at West Quay, with baths that were filled and emptied by the flow of the tide. Title: Mud River (Kentucky) Passage: The Mud River is a tributary of the Green River in western Kentucky in the United States. Via the Green and Ohio rivers, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed. It is about long. Title: Timeline of United States railway history Passage: 1795 - 96 & 1799 - 1804 or '05 -- In 1795, Charles Bullfinch, the architect of Boston's famed State House first employed a temporary funicular railway with specially designed dumper cars to decapitate' the Tremont's' Beacon Hill summit and begin the decades long land reclamation projects which created most of the real estate in Boston's lower elevations of today from broad mud flats, such as South Boston, Eastern parts of Dorchester, much of the shorelines of the entire Charles River basin on both the left and right banks and Brighton from mud flats, and most famously and tellingly especially the Back Bay. Title: Klaus-Jürgen Bathe Passage: Klaus-Jürgen Bathe is a civil engineer, professor of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and founder of ADINA R&D, who specializes in computational mechanics. Bathe is considered to be one of the pioneers in the field of finite element analysis and its applications. Title: John Forrest (doctor) Passage: John Forrest, CB, QHP (20 June 1804, Stirling, Scotland – 10 December 1865, Bath, England) was a British military medical officer. Title: William Prynne Passage: Born at Swainswick, near Bath, Somerset, William Prynne was educated at Bath Grammar School and Oriel College, Oxford. He graduated with a BA on 22 January 1621, was admitted a student of Lincoln's Inn in the same year, and was called to the bar in 1628. According to Anthony à Wood, he was confirmed in his militant puritanism by the influence of John Preston, who was then lecturer at Lincoln's Inn. In 1627 he published his first book, a theological treatise, followed in the next three years by three others attacking Arminianism and its teachers. In the preface to one of them he appealed to parliament to suppress anything written against Calvinist doctrine and to force the clergy to subscribe to the conclusion of the Synod of Dort. Prynne was a strong disciplinarian. After arguing that the custom of drinking healths was sinful, he asserted that for men to wear their hair long was "unseemly and unlawful unto Christians", while it was "mannish, unnatural, impudent, and unchristian" for women to cut it short. Title: Eston College Passage: Eston College is a private Christian post-secondary educational institution located in Eston, Saskatchewan, Canada. Since 1944 it has served as the primary training center for the Apostolic Church of Pentecost (ACOP) and welcomes students from across Canada and around the world. In a rural setting, Eston College provides an educational and discipleship setting that "allows you to learn more about yourself, your world, and your creator." Title: The Miracle of Sound in Motion Passage: The Miracle of Sound in Motion is the third studio album by Steel Pole Bath Tub, released on May 10, 1993 by Boner Records. Title: William Watson (physician) Passage: Sir William Watson (1744–1824) was an English physician and naturalist, elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1767 and knighted in 1796. He was mayor of Bath in 1801. Title: Mud Bay, Alaska Passage: Mud Bay is a census-designated place (CDP) in Haines Borough, Alaska, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 212, up from 137 at the 2000 census. Title: Klawasi group Passage: The Klawasi group is a cluster of three large mud volcanoes on the western flank of Mount Drum, a Pleistocene stratovolcano in the Wrangell Mountains of east-central Alaska in the United States. The cluster includes the Upper Klawasi, the Lower Klawasi and the Shrub. Title: David Bomberg Passage: Bomberg was one of the most audacious of the exceptional generation of artists who studied at the Slade School of Art under Henry Tonks, and which included Mark Gertler, Stanley Spencer, C.R.W. Nevinson and Dora Carrington. Bomberg painted a series of complex geometric compositions combining the influences of cubism and futurism in the years immediately preceding World War I; typically using a limited number of striking colours, turning humans into simple, angular shapes, and sometimes overlaying the whole painting a strong grid-work colouring scheme. He was expelled from the Slade School of Art in 1913, with agreement between the senior teachers Tonks, Frederick Brown and Philip Wilson Steer, because of the audacity of his breach from the conventional approach of that time. Title: Bath stone Passage: Bath Stone has been used extensively as a building material throughout southern England, for churches, houses, and public buildings such as railway stations. Title: The Mud Bath Passage: The Mud Bath is a 1914 oil-on-canvas painting by David Bomberg. The work is considered a masterpiece of Bomberg's work in this period. Bomberg was a founder member of the London Group, and the painting is considered a leading example of Vorticism, although Bomberg resisted being described as a Vorticist.	[ "David Bomberg", "The Mud Bath" ]
2hop__157339_156796	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Shashe River (or Shashi River) is a major left-bank tributary of the Limpopo River in Zimbabwe. It rises northwest of Francistown, Botswana and flows into the Limpopo River where Botswana, Zimbabwe and South Africa meet.", "title": "Shashe River" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Thuli River, former name Tuli River, is a major tributary of the Shashe River in Zimbabwe. It rises near Matopo Mission, Matobo District, and flows into the Shashe River near Tuli village.", "title": "Thuli River" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Snake River with its tributaries drains a 1,009 square miles (2,610 km) area of Aitkin, Kanabec, Mille Lacs and Pine counties. After initially flowing southward from its headwaters in southern Aitkin County, the Snake flows through Kanabec County, turning eastward near Mora, Minnesota, following a minor fault line. It drains into the St. Croix River 13 miles (21 km) east of Pine City, Minnesota.", "title": "Snake River (St. Croix River tributary)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The river rises in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest and then south into the US state of Washington, then turns west to form most of the border between Washington and the state of Oregon before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The river is 1,243 miles (2,000 km) long, and its largest tributary is the Snake River. Its drainage basin is roughly the size of France and extends into seven US states and a Canadian province. The fourth - largest river in the United States by volume, the Columbia has the greatest flow of any North American river entering the Pacific.", "title": "Columbia River" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gojeb River is eastward-flowing tributary of the Omo River in Ethiopia. It rises in the mountains of Guma, flowing in almost a direct line its confluence with the Omo at", "title": "Gojeb River" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hargrave River is a river in the Hudson Bay drainage basin in Northern Manitoba, Canada. It flows in a southeasterly direction from its source at Hargrave Lake to Hill Lake on the Minago River which flows into Cross Lake on the Nelson River.", "title": "Hargrave River (Manitoba)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kasai River (called Cassai in Angola) is a tributary (left side) of the Congo River, located in Central Africa. The river begins in central Angola and flows to the east until it reaches the border between Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), where it turns north and serves as the border until it flows into the DRC. From Ilebo, between the confluences with Lulua river and Sankuru river, the Kasai river turns to a westerly direction. The lower stretch of the river from the confluence with Fimi river, is known as the Kwa(h) River, before it joins the Congo at Kwamouth northeast of Kinshasa. The Kasai basin consists mainly of equatorial rainforest areas, which provide an agricultural land in a region noted for its infertile, sandy soil. It is a tributary of Congo river and diamonds are found in this river. Around 60% of diamonds in Belgium go from Kasai river for cutting and shaping.", "title": "Kasai River" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay. Between New York City and Troy, New York, the river is an estuary. The Hudson River separates the city from the U.S. state of New Jersey. The East River—a tidal strait—flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers, separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx. The Bronx River, which flows through the Bronx and Westchester County, is the only entirely fresh water river in the city.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ngunguru River is a river of the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It initially flows southwest before turning east to flow into a long, wide estuary which empties into Ngunguru Bay to the northwest of Whangarei. The town of Ngunguru sits on the estuary's north bank at its opening to the bay.", "title": "Ngunguru River" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Segen is a river that arises from Delo Mountain, central Amarro, Ethiopia. The river flows to the east, then to the north and to the west and last to the south to join the Weito River. On the western side of Amarro horst the valley through which the river flows is called Segen Valley.", "title": "Segen River" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Big Salmon River is a small river in southern New Brunswick, Canada, that flows south into the Bay of Fundy. The river has its source to the southwest of Sussex, New Brunswick. The river flows into the Bay of Fundy near St. Martins, New Brunswick, and serves as the endpoint of the Fundy Trail.", "title": "Big Salmon River (New Brunswick)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Apies River is a river that flows through the city of Pretoria, South Africa. Its source is located just south of the city (south of Erasmus Park) and it flows northward until it drains into the Pienaars River.", "title": "Apies River" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kunwak River is a river of Nunavut, Canada. It flows northeast out of Tulemalu Lake and enters Tebesjuak Lake, Mallery Lake and Princess Mary Lake before turning southeast and flowing into Thirty Mile Lake on the Kazan River.", "title": "Kunwak River" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Saint Louis River (abbreviated St. Louis River) is a river in the U.S. states of Minnesota and Wisconsin that flows into Lake Superior. The largest U.S. river to flow into the lake, it is in length and starts east of Hoyt Lakes, Minnesota. The river's watershed covers . Near the Twin Ports of Duluth, Minnesota and Superior, Wisconsin, the river becomes a freshwater estuary. The lower St. Louis is the only river in the state with whitewater rafting opportunities.", "title": "Saint Louis River" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Indian River is a long river located in western New Hampshire in the United States. The river is a tributary of the Mascoma River, which in turn flows to the Connecticut River and ultimately Long Island Sound.", "title": "Indian River (New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The river rises in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest and then south into the US state of Washington, then turns west to form most of the border between Washington and the state of Oregon before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The river is long, and its largest tributary is the Snake River. Its drainage basin is roughly the size of France and extends into seven US states and a Canadian province. The fourth-largest river in the United States by volume, the Columbia has the greatest flow of any North American river entering the Pacific.", "title": "Columbia River" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pager River is a river of Uganda in eastern Africa. It flows through the northern part of the country and joins the Achwa River.", "title": "Pager River" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Broad River is a river in Jamaica. It flows into the Black River at the Great Morass in St. Elizabeth.", "title": "Broad River (Jamaica)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bolshaya Lyampa () is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right tributary of Uls River which in turn is a tributary of Vishera River. The river is long. Its source is near the border with Sverdlovsk Oblast. It flows into the Uls River from the larger river's mouth. The Bolshaya Lyampa's main tributary is the Malaya Lyampa River.", "title": "Bolshaya Lyampa" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bear River is a river in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest into the Sustut River, which flows southwest into the upper Skeena River.", "title": "Bear River (Sustut River tributary)" } ]	Into what river does the river that Thuli River turns into flow?	Limpopo River	[ "Limpopo" ]	Title: Apies River Passage: The Apies River is a river that flows through the city of Pretoria, South Africa. Its source is located just south of the city (south of Erasmus Park) and it flows northward until it drains into the Pienaars River. Title: Snake River (St. Croix River tributary) Passage: The Snake River with its tributaries drains a 1,009 square miles (2,610 km) area of Aitkin, Kanabec, Mille Lacs and Pine counties. After initially flowing southward from its headwaters in southern Aitkin County, the Snake flows through Kanabec County, turning eastward near Mora, Minnesota, following a minor fault line. It drains into the St. Croix River 13 miles (21 km) east of Pine City, Minnesota. Title: New York City Passage: The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay. Between New York City and Troy, New York, the river is an estuary. The Hudson River separates the city from the U.S. state of New Jersey. The East River—a tidal strait—flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers, separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx. The Bronx River, which flows through the Bronx and Westchester County, is the only entirely fresh water river in the city. Title: Hargrave River (Manitoba) Passage: The Hargrave River is a river in the Hudson Bay drainage basin in Northern Manitoba, Canada. It flows in a southeasterly direction from its source at Hargrave Lake to Hill Lake on the Minago River which flows into Cross Lake on the Nelson River. Title: Big Salmon River (New Brunswick) Passage: The Big Salmon River is a small river in southern New Brunswick, Canada, that flows south into the Bay of Fundy. The river has its source to the southwest of Sussex, New Brunswick. The river flows into the Bay of Fundy near St. Martins, New Brunswick, and serves as the endpoint of the Fundy Trail. Title: Segen River Passage: Segen is a river that arises from Delo Mountain, central Amarro, Ethiopia. The river flows to the east, then to the north and to the west and last to the south to join the Weito River. On the western side of Amarro horst the valley through which the river flows is called Segen Valley. Title: Bolshaya Lyampa Passage: Bolshaya Lyampa () is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right tributary of Uls River which in turn is a tributary of Vishera River. The river is long. Its source is near the border with Sverdlovsk Oblast. It flows into the Uls River from the larger river's mouth. The Bolshaya Lyampa's main tributary is the Malaya Lyampa River. Title: Shashe River Passage: The Shashe River (or Shashi River) is a major left-bank tributary of the Limpopo River in Zimbabwe. It rises northwest of Francistown, Botswana and flows into the Limpopo River where Botswana, Zimbabwe and South Africa meet. Title: Bear River (Sustut River tributary) Passage: The Bear River is a river in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest into the Sustut River, which flows southwest into the upper Skeena River. Title: Pager River Passage: The Pager River is a river of Uganda in eastern Africa. It flows through the northern part of the country and joins the Achwa River. Title: Indian River (New Hampshire) Passage: The Indian River is a long river located in western New Hampshire in the United States. The river is a tributary of the Mascoma River, which in turn flows to the Connecticut River and ultimately Long Island Sound. Title: Columbia River Passage: The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The river rises in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest and then south into the US state of Washington, then turns west to form most of the border between Washington and the state of Oregon before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The river is long, and its largest tributary is the Snake River. Its drainage basin is roughly the size of France and extends into seven US states and a Canadian province. The fourth-largest river in the United States by volume, the Columbia has the greatest flow of any North American river entering the Pacific. Title: Columbia River Passage: The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The river rises in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest and then south into the US state of Washington, then turns west to form most of the border between Washington and the state of Oregon before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The river is 1,243 miles (2,000 km) long, and its largest tributary is the Snake River. Its drainage basin is roughly the size of France and extends into seven US states and a Canadian province. The fourth - largest river in the United States by volume, the Columbia has the greatest flow of any North American river entering the Pacific. Title: Kunwak River Passage: The Kunwak River is a river of Nunavut, Canada. It flows northeast out of Tulemalu Lake and enters Tebesjuak Lake, Mallery Lake and Princess Mary Lake before turning southeast and flowing into Thirty Mile Lake on the Kazan River. Title: Gojeb River Passage: The Gojeb River is eastward-flowing tributary of the Omo River in Ethiopia. It rises in the mountains of Guma, flowing in almost a direct line its confluence with the Omo at Title: Ngunguru River Passage: The Ngunguru River is a river of the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It initially flows southwest before turning east to flow into a long, wide estuary which empties into Ngunguru Bay to the northwest of Whangarei. The town of Ngunguru sits on the estuary's north bank at its opening to the bay. Title: Saint Louis River Passage: The Saint Louis River (abbreviated St. Louis River) is a river in the U.S. states of Minnesota and Wisconsin that flows into Lake Superior. The largest U.S. river to flow into the lake, it is in length and starts east of Hoyt Lakes, Minnesota. The river's watershed covers . Near the Twin Ports of Duluth, Minnesota and Superior, Wisconsin, the river becomes a freshwater estuary. The lower St. Louis is the only river in the state with whitewater rafting opportunities. Title: Broad River (Jamaica) Passage: The Broad River is a river in Jamaica. It flows into the Black River at the Great Morass in St. Elizabeth. Title: Thuli River Passage: The Thuli River, former name Tuli River, is a major tributary of the Shashe River in Zimbabwe. It rises near Matopo Mission, Matobo District, and flows into the Shashe River near Tuli village. Title: Kasai River Passage: The Kasai River (called Cassai in Angola) is a tributary (left side) of the Congo River, located in Central Africa. The river begins in central Angola and flows to the east until it reaches the border between Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), where it turns north and serves as the border until it flows into the DRC. From Ilebo, between the confluences with Lulua river and Sankuru river, the Kasai river turns to a westerly direction. The lower stretch of the river from the confluence with Fimi river, is known as the Kwa(h) River, before it joins the Congo at Kwamouth northeast of Kinshasa. The Kasai basin consists mainly of equatorial rainforest areas, which provide an agricultural land in a region noted for its infertile, sandy soil. It is a tributary of Congo river and diamonds are found in this river. Around 60% of diamonds in Belgium go from Kasai river for cutting and shaping.	[ "Shashe River", "Thuli River" ]
2hop__7046_44085	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Universal owned the rights to the \"Oswald the Lucky Rabbit\" character, although Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks had created Oswald, and their films had enjoyed a successful theatrical run. After Charles Mintz had unsuccessfully demanded that Disney accept a lower fee for producing the property, Mintz produced the films with his own group of animators. Instead, Disney and Iwerks created Mickey Mouse who in 1928 stared in the first \"sync\" sound animated short, Steamboat Willie. This moment effectively launched Walt Disney Studios' foothold, while Universal became a minor player in film animation. Universal subsequently severed its link to Mintz and formed its own in-house animation studio to produce Oswald cartoons headed by Walter Lantz.", "title": "Universal Pictures" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Designed to supplement Disneyland in Anaheim, California, which had opened in 1955, the complex was developed by Walt Disney in the 1960s. ``The Florida Project '', as it was known, was intended to present a distinct vision with its own diverse set of attractions. Walt Disney's original plans also called for the inclusion of an`` Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow'' (EPCOT), a planned community intended to serve as a test bed for new city living innovations. After extensive lobbying, the government of Florida created the Reedy Creek Improvement District, a special government district that essentially gave The Walt Disney Company the standard powers and autonomy of an incorporated city. Walt Disney died on December 15, 1966, during construction of the complex. Without Disney spearheading the construction, the company created a resort similar to Disneyland, abandoning experimental concepts for a planned community. Magic Kingdom was the first theme park to open in the complex, in 1971, followed by Epcot in 1982, Disney's Hollywood Studios in 1989, and the most recent, Disney's Animal Kingdom in 1998.", "title": "Walt Disney World" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mickey Mouse is a funny animal cartoon character and the mascot of The Walt Disney Company. He was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney Studios in 1928. An anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves, Mickey is one of the world's most recognizable characters.", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Walt Disney Parks and Resorts plans on creating original Marvel attractions at their theme parks, with Hong Kong Disneyland becoming the first Disney theme park to feature a Marvel attraction. Due to the licensing agreement with Universal Studios, signed prior to Disney's purchase of Marvel, Walt Disney World and Tokyo Disney are barred from having Marvel characters in their parks. However, this only includes characters Universal is currently using, other characters in their \"families\" (X-Men, Avengers, Fantastic Four, etc.), and the villains associated with said characters. This clause has allowed Walt Disney World to have meet and greets, merchandise, attractions and more with other Marvel characters not associated with the characters at Islands of Adventures, such as Star-Lord and Gamora from Guardians of the Galaxy as well as Baymax and Hiro from Big Hero 6.", "title": "Marvel Comics" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Welcome to Pooh Corner is a live-action/puppet television series that aired on Disney Channel, featuring the characters from the Winnie the Pooh universe portrayed by actors in human-sized puppet suits, except Roo, who was originally a traditional puppet. The animatronic costumes used for the characters were created by Alchemy II, Inc., headed by Ken Forsse who later created Teddy Ruxpin. The show was first aired on April 18, 1983, the day The Disney Channel was launched. Its timeslot for its early run was at 8:30 a.m. Eastern/Pacific Time, making it the third program of The Disney Channel's 16 (later 18) hour programming day. Reruns of the show aired on The Disney Channel until at least January 1997.", "title": "Welcome to Pooh Corner" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Walt Disney World Resort, commonly known as Walt Disney World, or often just as Disney World, is an entertainment complex in Bay Lake and Lake Buena Vista, Florida, near Orlando and Kissimmee, Florida. Opened on October 1, 1971, the resort is owned and operated by Walt Disney Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products, a division of The Walt Disney Company. It was initially operated by Walt Disney World Company. The property covers 27,258 acres (43 sq mi; 110 km), featuring four theme parks, two water parks, twenty - seven themed resort hotels, nine non-Disney hotels, several golf courses, a camping resort, and other entertainment venues, including the outdoor shopping center Disney Springs.", "title": "Walt Disney World" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Mickey Mouse Club is an American variety television show that aired intermittently from 1955 to 1996 and returned in 2017 to social media. Created by Walt Disney and produced by Walt Disney Productions, the program was first televised in 1955 by ABC, featuring a regular but ever - changing cast of mostly teen performers. ABC broadcast reruns weekday afternoons during the 1958 -- 1959 season, airing right after American Bandstand. The show was revived after its initial 1955 -- 1959 run on ABC, first from 1977 -- 1979 for first - run syndication, again from 1989 -- 1996 as The All - New Mickey Mouse Club (also known to fans as MMC from 1993 -- 1996) airing exclusively on cable television's The Disney Channel, then rebooted in 2017 with the moniker Club Mickey Mouse airing exclusively on internet social media.", "title": "The Mickey Mouse Club" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Diane Marie Disney-Miller (December 18, 1933 – November 19, 2013) was the only biological child of Walt Disney and his wife Lillian Bounds Disney. Diane co-founded the Walt Disney Family Museum alongside her family. She was president of the Board of Directors of the Walt Disney Family Foundation. The museum, which opened in 2009, was established to promote and inspire creativity and innovation and celebrate and study the life of Walt Disney.", "title": "Diane Disney Miller" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zorro and Son is an American television Western based on the character Zorro that aired on CBS. Created by Walt Disney Television, the series stars Henry Darrow as Zorro (Don Diego) and Paul Regina as his son Zorro Jr. (Don Carlos).", "title": "Zorro and Son" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clarabelle Cow is a Disney fictional character within the Mickey Mouse universe of characters. Clarabelle Cow was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks in 1928. Clarabelle is one of Minnie Mouse's best friends and is usually depicted as the girlfriend of Horace Horsecollar, although she has also been paired with Goofy occasionally (especially in the Super Goof comic book series). Clarabelle has remained a supporting character in the United States; only in Italy has she been treated as a major character.", "title": "Clarabelle Cow" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Building a Building is a 1933 American animated short film produced by Walt Disney Production and released by United Artists. A remake of the 1928 Oswald the Lucky Rabbit film \"Sky Scrappers\", the cartoon depicts Mickey Mouse working at a construction site under the supervision of Peg-Leg Pete while Minnie Mouse is selling box lunches to the workers. It was directed by David Hand, his first directorial assignment at Disney, and features the voices of Walt Disney as Mickey, Marcellite Garner as Minnie, and Billy Bletcher as Pete.", "title": "Building a Building" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Disney Theatrical Productions Limited (DTP), also known as Disney on Broadway, is the flagship stageplay and musical production company of the Disney Theatrical Group, a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Studios, a major business unit of The Walt Disney Company.", "title": "Disney Theatrical Productions" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mickey Mouse First appearance Steamboat Willie November 18, 1928 Created by Walt Disney Ub Iwerks Voiced by Walt Disney (1928 -- 1966) Carl W. Stalling (1929) Clarence Nash (1934) Jimmy MacDonald (1947 -- 1977) Wayne Allwine (1977 -- 2009) Les Perkins (1986 -- 1987) Bret Iwan (2009 -- present) Chris Diamantopoulos (2013 -- present) (see voice actors) Developed by Floyd Gottfredson Les Clark Fred Moore Information Full name Michael Mouse Aliases Bob Cratchit King Mickey Mickey (Wizards of Mickey) Species Mouse Gender Male Occupation Detective (MM Mickey Mouse Mystery Magazine) Family Mickey Mouse family Significant other (s) Minnie Mouse Pet dog Pluto", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mickey's Revue is a 1932 Walt Disney cartoon, directed by Wilfred Jackson, which features Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Horace Horsecollar and Clarabelle Cow performing a song and dance show.", "title": "Mickey's Revue" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the spring of 1928, Disney asked Ub Iwerks to start drawing up new character ideas. Iwerks tried sketches of various animals, such as dogs and cats, but none of these appealed to Disney. A female cow and male horse were also rejected. They would later turn up as Clarabelle Cow and Horace Horsecollar. A male frog was also rejected. It would later show up in Iwerks' own Flip the Frog series. Walt Disney got the inspiration for Mickey Mouse from a tame mouse at his desk at Laugh - O - Gram Studio in Kansas City, Missouri. In 1925, Hugh Harman drew some sketches of mice around a photograph of Walt Disney. These inspired Ub Iwerks to create a new mouse character for Disney. ``Mortimer Mouse ''had been Disney's original name for the character before his wife, Lillian, convinced him to change it, and ultimately Mickey Mouse came to be. The actor Mickey Rooney claimed that, during his Mickey McGuire days, he met cartoonist Walt Disney at the Warner Brothers studio, and that Disney was inspired to name Mickey Mouse after him. This claim, however, has been debunked by Disney historian Jim Korkis, since at the time of Mickey Mouse's development, Disney Studios had been located on Hyperion Avenue for several years, and Walt Disney never kept an office or other working space at Warner Brothers, having no professional relationship with Warner Brothers, as the Alice Comedies and Oswald cartoons were distributed by Universal.", "title": "Mickey Mouse" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Proud Family\" was created by Walt Disney Animation Studios animator Bruce W. Smith and was produced by Jambalaya Studios. Originally piloted for Disney's One Saturday Morning, then Nickelodeon, it was eventually picked up by Disney Channel and started airing in September 2001. An original pilot was made and produced by Nickelodeon in 1999 but was never shown to the public resulting in Nickelodeon passing the show on. Many of the later episodes of \"The Proud Family\" were produced using Adobe Flash.", "title": "The Proud Family" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Meet the Robinsons is a 2007 American computer-animated science fiction comedy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures on March 30, 2007. The 47th Disney animated feature film, it was released in standard and Disney Digital 3-D versions. The film is loosely based on characters from the children's book \"A Day with Wilbur Robinson\", by William Joyce. The voice cast includes Jordan Fry, Wesley Singerman, Harland Williams, Tom Kenny, Steve Anderson, Laurie Metcalf, Adam West, Tom Selleck, and Angela Bassett. It was the first film released after then-Pixar executive John Lasseter became chief creative officer of Walt Disney Animation Studios.", "title": "Meet the Robinsons" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Princess Anna of Arendelle is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Animation Studios' 53rd animated film Frozen. She is voiced by Kristen Bell as an adult. At the beginning of the film, Livvy Stubenrauch and Katie Lopez provided her speaking and singing voice as a young child, respectively. Agatha Lee Monn portrayed her as a nine - year - old (singing).", "title": "Anna (Frozen)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sport Goofy in Soccermania is an animated television special produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation for The Walt Disney Company. It originally aired May 27, 1987 on NBC. During its television debut it was preceded by a mockumentary showing past Goofy cartoons of him always getting everything wrong, and leading into the cartoon special where the audience is finally shown a competent, athletic Goofy who is the hero.", "title": "Sport Goofy in Soccermania" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Disney Parks, Experiences and Products, Inc., formerly Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. and informally known as Disney Parks, is one of The Walt Disney Company's four major business segments and a subsidiary. It was founded in 1971, following the opening of Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida just outside of Orlando, Florida.", "title": "Disney Parks, Experiences and Products" } ]	What was the old show that was named after a character that Walt Disney created in 1928 called?	The Mickey Mouse Club	[]	Title: Mickey Mouse Passage: Mickey Mouse is a funny animal cartoon character and the mascot of The Walt Disney Company. He was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney Studios in 1928. An anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves, Mickey is one of the world's most recognizable characters. Title: Welcome to Pooh Corner Passage: Welcome to Pooh Corner is a live-action/puppet television series that aired on Disney Channel, featuring the characters from the Winnie the Pooh universe portrayed by actors in human-sized puppet suits, except Roo, who was originally a traditional puppet. The animatronic costumes used for the characters were created by Alchemy II, Inc., headed by Ken Forsse who later created Teddy Ruxpin. The show was first aired on April 18, 1983, the day The Disney Channel was launched. Its timeslot for its early run was at 8:30 a.m. Eastern/Pacific Time, making it the third program of The Disney Channel's 16 (later 18) hour programming day. Reruns of the show aired on The Disney Channel until at least January 1997. Title: Universal Pictures Passage: Universal owned the rights to the "Oswald the Lucky Rabbit" character, although Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks had created Oswald, and their films had enjoyed a successful theatrical run. After Charles Mintz had unsuccessfully demanded that Disney accept a lower fee for producing the property, Mintz produced the films with his own group of animators. Instead, Disney and Iwerks created Mickey Mouse who in 1928 stared in the first "sync" sound animated short, Steamboat Willie. This moment effectively launched Walt Disney Studios' foothold, while Universal became a minor player in film animation. Universal subsequently severed its link to Mintz and formed its own in-house animation studio to produce Oswald cartoons headed by Walter Lantz. Title: Diane Disney Miller Passage: Diane Marie Disney-Miller (December 18, 1933 – November 19, 2013) was the only biological child of Walt Disney and his wife Lillian Bounds Disney. Diane co-founded the Walt Disney Family Museum alongside her family. She was president of the Board of Directors of the Walt Disney Family Foundation. The museum, which opened in 2009, was established to promote and inspire creativity and innovation and celebrate and study the life of Walt Disney. Title: Mickey's Revue Passage: Mickey's Revue is a 1932 Walt Disney cartoon, directed by Wilfred Jackson, which features Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Horace Horsecollar and Clarabelle Cow performing a song and dance show. Title: The Mickey Mouse Club Passage: The Mickey Mouse Club is an American variety television show that aired intermittently from 1955 to 1996 and returned in 2017 to social media. Created by Walt Disney and produced by Walt Disney Productions, the program was first televised in 1955 by ABC, featuring a regular but ever - changing cast of mostly teen performers. ABC broadcast reruns weekday afternoons during the 1958 -- 1959 season, airing right after American Bandstand. The show was revived after its initial 1955 -- 1959 run on ABC, first from 1977 -- 1979 for first - run syndication, again from 1989 -- 1996 as The All - New Mickey Mouse Club (also known to fans as MMC from 1993 -- 1996) airing exclusively on cable television's The Disney Channel, then rebooted in 2017 with the moniker Club Mickey Mouse airing exclusively on internet social media. Title: Mickey Mouse Passage: Mickey Mouse First appearance Steamboat Willie November 18, 1928 Created by Walt Disney Ub Iwerks Voiced by Walt Disney (1928 -- 1966) Carl W. Stalling (1929) Clarence Nash (1934) Jimmy MacDonald (1947 -- 1977) Wayne Allwine (1977 -- 2009) Les Perkins (1986 -- 1987) Bret Iwan (2009 -- present) Chris Diamantopoulos (2013 -- present) (see voice actors) Developed by Floyd Gottfredson Les Clark Fred Moore Information Full name Michael Mouse Aliases Bob Cratchit King Mickey Mickey (Wizards of Mickey) Species Mouse Gender Male Occupation Detective (MM Mickey Mouse Mystery Magazine) Family Mickey Mouse family Significant other (s) Minnie Mouse Pet dog Pluto Title: Anna (Frozen) Passage: Princess Anna of Arendelle is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Animation Studios' 53rd animated film Frozen. She is voiced by Kristen Bell as an adult. At the beginning of the film, Livvy Stubenrauch and Katie Lopez provided her speaking and singing voice as a young child, respectively. Agatha Lee Monn portrayed her as a nine - year - old (singing). Title: Disney Theatrical Productions Passage: Disney Theatrical Productions Limited (DTP), also known as Disney on Broadway, is the flagship stageplay and musical production company of the Disney Theatrical Group, a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Studios, a major business unit of The Walt Disney Company. Title: Mickey Mouse Passage: In the spring of 1928, Disney asked Ub Iwerks to start drawing up new character ideas. Iwerks tried sketches of various animals, such as dogs and cats, but none of these appealed to Disney. A female cow and male horse were also rejected. They would later turn up as Clarabelle Cow and Horace Horsecollar. A male frog was also rejected. It would later show up in Iwerks' own Flip the Frog series. Walt Disney got the inspiration for Mickey Mouse from a tame mouse at his desk at Laugh - O - Gram Studio in Kansas City, Missouri. In 1925, Hugh Harman drew some sketches of mice around a photograph of Walt Disney. These inspired Ub Iwerks to create a new mouse character for Disney. ``Mortimer Mouse ''had been Disney's original name for the character before his wife, Lillian, convinced him to change it, and ultimately Mickey Mouse came to be. The actor Mickey Rooney claimed that, during his Mickey McGuire days, he met cartoonist Walt Disney at the Warner Brothers studio, and that Disney was inspired to name Mickey Mouse after him. This claim, however, has been debunked by Disney historian Jim Korkis, since at the time of Mickey Mouse's development, Disney Studios had been located on Hyperion Avenue for several years, and Walt Disney never kept an office or other working space at Warner Brothers, having no professional relationship with Warner Brothers, as the Alice Comedies and Oswald cartoons were distributed by Universal. Title: Sport Goofy in Soccermania Passage: Sport Goofy in Soccermania is an animated television special produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation for The Walt Disney Company. It originally aired May 27, 1987 on NBC. During its television debut it was preceded by a mockumentary showing past Goofy cartoons of him always getting everything wrong, and leading into the cartoon special where the audience is finally shown a competent, athletic Goofy who is the hero. Title: Walt Disney World Passage: The Walt Disney World Resort, commonly known as Walt Disney World, or often just as Disney World, is an entertainment complex in Bay Lake and Lake Buena Vista, Florida, near Orlando and Kissimmee, Florida. Opened on October 1, 1971, the resort is owned and operated by Walt Disney Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products, a division of The Walt Disney Company. It was initially operated by Walt Disney World Company. The property covers 27,258 acres (43 sq mi; 110 km), featuring four theme parks, two water parks, twenty - seven themed resort hotels, nine non-Disney hotels, several golf courses, a camping resort, and other entertainment venues, including the outdoor shopping center Disney Springs. Title: Zorro and Son Passage: Zorro and Son is an American television Western based on the character Zorro that aired on CBS. Created by Walt Disney Television, the series stars Henry Darrow as Zorro (Don Diego) and Paul Regina as his son Zorro Jr. (Don Carlos). Title: The Proud Family Passage: "The Proud Family" was created by Walt Disney Animation Studios animator Bruce W. Smith and was produced by Jambalaya Studios. Originally piloted for Disney's One Saturday Morning, then Nickelodeon, it was eventually picked up by Disney Channel and started airing in September 2001. An original pilot was made and produced by Nickelodeon in 1999 but was never shown to the public resulting in Nickelodeon passing the show on. Many of the later episodes of "The Proud Family" were produced using Adobe Flash. Title: Meet the Robinsons Passage: Meet the Robinsons is a 2007 American computer-animated science fiction comedy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures on March 30, 2007. The 47th Disney animated feature film, it was released in standard and Disney Digital 3-D versions. The film is loosely based on characters from the children's book "A Day with Wilbur Robinson", by William Joyce. The voice cast includes Jordan Fry, Wesley Singerman, Harland Williams, Tom Kenny, Steve Anderson, Laurie Metcalf, Adam West, Tom Selleck, and Angela Bassett. It was the first film released after then-Pixar executive John Lasseter became chief creative officer of Walt Disney Animation Studios. Title: Marvel Comics Passage: Walt Disney Parks and Resorts plans on creating original Marvel attractions at their theme parks, with Hong Kong Disneyland becoming the first Disney theme park to feature a Marvel attraction. Due to the licensing agreement with Universal Studios, signed prior to Disney's purchase of Marvel, Walt Disney World and Tokyo Disney are barred from having Marvel characters in their parks. However, this only includes characters Universal is currently using, other characters in their "families" (X-Men, Avengers, Fantastic Four, etc.), and the villains associated with said characters. This clause has allowed Walt Disney World to have meet and greets, merchandise, attractions and more with other Marvel characters not associated with the characters at Islands of Adventures, such as Star-Lord and Gamora from Guardians of the Galaxy as well as Baymax and Hiro from Big Hero 6. Title: Walt Disney World Passage: Designed to supplement Disneyland in Anaheim, California, which had opened in 1955, the complex was developed by Walt Disney in the 1960s. ``The Florida Project '', as it was known, was intended to present a distinct vision with its own diverse set of attractions. Walt Disney's original plans also called for the inclusion of an`` Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow'' (EPCOT), a planned community intended to serve as a test bed for new city living innovations. After extensive lobbying, the government of Florida created the Reedy Creek Improvement District, a special government district that essentially gave The Walt Disney Company the standard powers and autonomy of an incorporated city. Walt Disney died on December 15, 1966, during construction of the complex. Without Disney spearheading the construction, the company created a resort similar to Disneyland, abandoning experimental concepts for a planned community. Magic Kingdom was the first theme park to open in the complex, in 1971, followed by Epcot in 1982, Disney's Hollywood Studios in 1989, and the most recent, Disney's Animal Kingdom in 1998. Title: Clarabelle Cow Passage: Clarabelle Cow is a Disney fictional character within the Mickey Mouse universe of characters. Clarabelle Cow was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks in 1928. Clarabelle is one of Minnie Mouse's best friends and is usually depicted as the girlfriend of Horace Horsecollar, although she has also been paired with Goofy occasionally (especially in the Super Goof comic book series). Clarabelle has remained a supporting character in the United States; only in Italy has she been treated as a major character. Title: Building a Building Passage: Building a Building is a 1933 American animated short film produced by Walt Disney Production and released by United Artists. A remake of the 1928 Oswald the Lucky Rabbit film "Sky Scrappers", the cartoon depicts Mickey Mouse working at a construction site under the supervision of Peg-Leg Pete while Minnie Mouse is selling box lunches to the workers. It was directed by David Hand, his first directorial assignment at Disney, and features the voices of Walt Disney as Mickey, Marcellite Garner as Minnie, and Billy Bletcher as Pete. Title: Disney Parks, Experiences and Products Passage: Disney Parks, Experiences and Products, Inc., formerly Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. and informally known as Disney Parks, is one of The Walt Disney Company's four major business segments and a subsidiary. It was founded in 1971, following the opening of Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida just outside of Orlando, Florida.	[ "Universal Pictures", "The Mickey Mouse Club" ]
2hop__80834_21969	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The break - up of the centralised Mughal empire by 1750, led to the creation of numerous semi-independent kingdoms (all provinces of the former Mughal empire). Nawab Siraj ud - Daulah was defeated by the British forces of Sir Robert Clive in the Battle of Plassey in 1757. Thereafter the Nawab of Bengal became a ``puppet ruler ''depending on military support from British East India company to secure their throne. Siraj - ud - Daulah was replaced by Mir Jaffer. He was personally led to the throne by Robert Clive, after triumph of the British in the battle. He briefly tried to re-assert his power by allying with the Dutch, but this plan was ended by the Battle of Chinsurah. After the defeat at Battle of Buxar and grant of the Diwani (revenue collection) of Bengal by the then Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, to the British East India Company in August 1765 and the appointment of Warren Hastings by the East India Company as their first Governor General of Bengal in 1773, the Nawabs authority became restricted. By 1773, British East India company asserted much authority and formed the Bengal Presidency over areas ruled by the Nawabs i.e. the Bengal subah, along with some other regions and abolished the system of Dual Government. In 1793 (during Nawab Mubarak ud - Daulah's reign), the Nizamat (military power, civil and criminal justice) was abolished, British East India company thus annexed this former Mughal province as part of their empire and took complete control of the region, and the Nawabs of Bengal became mere pensioners of the British East India Company. All the Diwan offices except the Diwan Ton were also abolished.", "title": "Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When Chakravarti Rajagopalachari assumed the office as the first Indian - born Governor General of India and became the occupant of this building he preferred to stay in a few rooms which is now the family wing of the President and converted the then Viceroy's apartments into the Guest Wing where visiting heads of state stay while in India.", "title": "Rashtrapati Bhavan" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hindu religion and culture in Singapore can be traced back to the 7th century AD, when Temasek was a trading post of Hindu-Buddhist Srivijaya empire. A millennium later, a wave of immigrants from southern India were brought to Singapore, mostly as coolies and indentured labourers by the British East India Company and colonial British Empire. As with Malay peninsula, the British administration sought to stabilise a reliable labour force in its regional plantation and trading activities; it encouraged Hindus to bring family through the \"kangani\" system of migration, settle, build temples and segregated it into a community that later became Little India.", "title": "Hinduism in Singapore" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "For years Burke pursued impeachment efforts against Warren Hastings, formerly Governor-General of Bengal, that resulted in the trial during 1786. His interaction with the British dominion of India began well before Hastings' impeachment trial. For two decades prior to the impeachment, Parliament had dealt with the Indian issue. This trial was the pinnacle of years of unrest and deliberation. In 1781 Burke was first able to delve into the issues surrounding the East India Company when he was appointed Chairman of the Commons Select Committee on East Indian Affairs—from that point until the end of the trial; India was Burke's primary concern. This committee was charged \"to investigate alleged injustices in Bengal, the war with Hyder Ali, and other Indian difficulties\". While Burke and the committee focused their attention on these matters, a second 'secret' committee was formed to assess the same issues. Both committee reports were written by Burke. Among other purposes, the reports conveyed to the Indian princes that Britain would not wage war on them, along with demanding that the HEIC recall Hastings. This was Burke's first call for substantive change regarding imperial practices. When addressing the whole House of Commons regarding the committee report, Burke described the Indian issue as one that \"began 'in commerce' but 'ended in empire.'\"", "title": "Edmund Burke" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The impeachment of Warren Hastings was a failed attempt between 1788 and 1795 to impeach the first Governor - General of India in the Parliament of Great Britain. Hastings was accused of misconduct during his time in Calcutta particularly relating to mismanagement and personal corruption. The prosecution was led by Edmund Burke and became a wider debate about the role of the East India Company and the expanding empire in India.", "title": "Impeachment of Warren Hastings" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Upon independence in August 1947, the title of Viceroy was abolished. The representative of the British Sovereign became known once again as the Governor - General. C. Rajagopalachari became the only Indian Governor - General. However, once India acquired independence, the Governor - General's role became almost entirely ceremonial, with power being exercised on a day - to - day basis by the Indian cabinet. After the nation became a republic in 1950, the President of India continued to perform the same functions.", "title": "Governor-General of India" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rashtrapati Niwas, also known as Viceregal Lodge, is located on the Observatory Hills of Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India. It was formerly the residence of the British Viceroy of India. It houses some of the most ancient articles and photographs going back to the times of the British rule in India.", "title": "Rashtrapati Niwas" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Viceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first governor - general during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Monarch of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950", "title": "Governor-General of India" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Indian National Congress (pronunciation (help info)) (INC, often called Congress) is a broadly based political party in India. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement, with over 15 million members and over 70 million participants. Congress led India to independence from Great Britain, and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire.", "title": "Indian National Congress" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805) was the second conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India.", "title": "Second Anglo-Maratha War" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Léon Émile Clément-Thomas was Governor General for various colonies in the Second French Colonial Empire, notably that of Senegal from 1888 to 1890 and French India from 1891 to 1896. In 1893 Clément-Thomas was made an honorary Knight Commander of the Indian Empire by the Government of British India.", "title": "Léon Émile Clément-Thomas" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Old Delhi had served as the political and financial centre of several empires of ancient India and the Delhi Sultanate, most notably of the Mughal Empire from 1649 to 1857. During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the British administration to shift the capital of the British Indian Empire, as India was officially named, from Calcutta on the east coast, to Delhi. The Government of British India felt that it would be logistically easier to administer India from Delhi in the centre of northern India.", "title": "New Delhi" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gandhi Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and the then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin on 5 March 1931 before the second Round Table Conference in London. Before this, the viceroy Lord Irwin announced in October 1929, a vague offer of 'dominion status' for India in an unspecified future and a Round Table Conference to discuss a future constitution. The second round table conference which was held in 1931.", "title": "Gandhi–Irwin Pact" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V, Emperor of India during the Delhi Durbar of 1911. It was designed by British architects, Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931, by India's Viceroy Lord Irwin.", "title": "New Delhi" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The First Anglo-Burmese War, also known as the First Burma War, (Burmese: ပထမ အင်္ဂလိပ် မြန်မာ စစ်; [pətʰəma̰ ɪ́ɴɡəleiʔ mjəmà sɪʔ]; 5 March 1824 – 24 February 1826) was the first of three wars fought between the British and Burmese empires in the 19th century. The war, which began primarily over the control of Northeastern India, ended in a decisive British victory, giving the British total control of Assam, Manipur, Cachar and Jaintia as well as Arakan Province and Tenasserim. The Burmese were also forced to pay an indemnity of one million pounds sterling, and sign a commercial treaty.This war was the longest and most expensive war in British Indian history. Fifteen thousand European and Indian soldiers died, together with an unknown number of Burmese military and civilian casualties. The high cost of the campaign to the British, 5–13 million pounds sterling (£413 million – £1.07 billion as of 2018), contributed to a severe economic crisis in British India which cost the East India Company its remaining privileges.For the Burmese Empire, it was the beginning of the end of their independence. The Third Burmese Empire, for a brief time the terror of British India, was crippled and no longer a threat to the eastern frontier of British India. The Burmese would be crushed for years to come by repaying the heavy indemnity of one million pounds (then US$5 million), a large sum at that time. The British would wage two more wars against a much-weakened Burma, and swallow up the entire country by 1885.", "title": "First Anglo-Burmese War" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Secretary of State for India or India Secretary was the British Cabinet minister and the political head of the India Office responsible for the governance of the British Raj (India), Aden, and Burma. The post was created in 1858 when the East India Company's rule in Bengal ended and India except for the Princely States was brought under the direct administration of the government in London, beginning the official colonial period under the British Empire.", "title": "Secretary of State for India" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta in English, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal and is located in eastern India on the east bank of the River Hooghly. The city was a colonial city developed by the British East India Company and then by the British Empire. Kolkata was the capital of the British Indian empire until 1911 when the capital was relocated to Delhi. Kolkata grew rapidly in the 19th century to become the second city of the British Empire. This was accompanied by the development of a culture that fused European philosophies with Indian tradition.", "title": "History of Kolkata" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Winston Churchill as prime minister and head of war cabinet proposed Field Marshal Wavell's name to his cabinet in mid-June 1943, as India's next viceroy. General Sir Claude Auchinleck who had followed Wavell in his middle eastern command was to be the next commander in chief of Indian army after Lord Wavell. In October 1943 the British Government decided to replace Lord Linlithgow with Lord Wavell as the Viceroy of India. Before assuming the viceroyalty, Lord Wavell had been head of the Indian army and thus had an understanding of the Indian situation. On becoming Viceroy, Wavell's most important task was to present a formula for the future government of India which would be acceptable to both Congress and the Muslim League.", "title": "Simla Conference" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maharaja Ranjit Singh's death in the summer of 1839 brought political chaos and the subsequent battles of succession and the bloody infighting between the factions at court weakened the state. Relationships with neighbouring British territories then broke down, starting the First Anglo-Sikh War; this led to a British official being resident in Lahore and the annexation in 1849 of territory south of the Satluj to British India. After the Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1849, the Sikh Empire became the last territory to be merged into British India. In Jhelum 35 British soldiers of HM XXIV regiment were killed by the local resistance during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.[citation needed]", "title": "Punjab, Pakistan" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V, Emperor of India during the Delhi Durbar of 1911. It was designed by British architects, Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931, by Viceroy and Governor - General of India Lord Irwin.", "title": "New Delhi" } ]	When was the person who was the first viceroy of the British Empire in India impeached?	1786	[]	Title: Impeachment of Warren Hastings Passage: The impeachment of Warren Hastings was a failed attempt between 1788 and 1795 to impeach the first Governor - General of India in the Parliament of Great Britain. Hastings was accused of misconduct during his time in Calcutta particularly relating to mismanagement and personal corruption. The prosecution was led by Edmund Burke and became a wider debate about the role of the East India Company and the expanding empire in India. Title: Edmund Burke Passage: For years Burke pursued impeachment efforts against Warren Hastings, formerly Governor-General of Bengal, that resulted in the trial during 1786. His interaction with the British dominion of India began well before Hastings' impeachment trial. For two decades prior to the impeachment, Parliament had dealt with the Indian issue. This trial was the pinnacle of years of unrest and deliberation. In 1781 Burke was first able to delve into the issues surrounding the East India Company when he was appointed Chairman of the Commons Select Committee on East Indian Affairs—from that point until the end of the trial; India was Burke's primary concern. This committee was charged "to investigate alleged injustices in Bengal, the war with Hyder Ali, and other Indian difficulties". While Burke and the committee focused their attention on these matters, a second 'secret' committee was formed to assess the same issues. Both committee reports were written by Burke. Among other purposes, the reports conveyed to the Indian princes that Britain would not wage war on them, along with demanding that the HEIC recall Hastings. This was Burke's first call for substantive change regarding imperial practices. When addressing the whole House of Commons regarding the committee report, Burke described the Indian issue as one that "began 'in commerce' but 'ended in empire.'" Title: Hinduism in Singapore Passage: Hindu religion and culture in Singapore can be traced back to the 7th century AD, when Temasek was a trading post of Hindu-Buddhist Srivijaya empire. A millennium later, a wave of immigrants from southern India were brought to Singapore, mostly as coolies and indentured labourers by the British East India Company and colonial British Empire. As with Malay peninsula, the British administration sought to stabilise a reliable labour force in its regional plantation and trading activities; it encouraged Hindus to bring family through the "kangani" system of migration, settle, build temples and segregated it into a community that later became Little India. Title: Governor-General of India Passage: Upon independence in August 1947, the title of Viceroy was abolished. The representative of the British Sovereign became known once again as the Governor - General. C. Rajagopalachari became the only Indian Governor - General. However, once India acquired independence, the Governor - General's role became almost entirely ceremonial, with power being exercised on a day - to - day basis by the Indian cabinet. After the nation became a republic in 1950, the President of India continued to perform the same functions. Title: Rashtrapati Niwas Passage: The Rashtrapati Niwas, also known as Viceregal Lodge, is located on the Observatory Hills of Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India. It was formerly the residence of the British Viceroy of India. It houses some of the most ancient articles and photographs going back to the times of the British rule in India. Title: First Anglo-Burmese War Passage: The First Anglo-Burmese War, also known as the First Burma War, (Burmese: ပထမ အင်္ဂလိပ် မြန်မာ စစ်; [pətʰəma̰ ɪ́ɴɡəleiʔ mjəmà sɪʔ]; 5 March 1824 – 24 February 1826) was the first of three wars fought between the British and Burmese empires in the 19th century. The war, which began primarily over the control of Northeastern India, ended in a decisive British victory, giving the British total control of Assam, Manipur, Cachar and Jaintia as well as Arakan Province and Tenasserim. The Burmese were also forced to pay an indemnity of one million pounds sterling, and sign a commercial treaty.This war was the longest and most expensive war in British Indian history. Fifteen thousand European and Indian soldiers died, together with an unknown number of Burmese military and civilian casualties. The high cost of the campaign to the British, 5–13 million pounds sterling (£413 million – £1.07 billion as of 2018), contributed to a severe economic crisis in British India which cost the East India Company its remaining privileges.For the Burmese Empire, it was the beginning of the end of their independence. The Third Burmese Empire, for a brief time the terror of British India, was crippled and no longer a threat to the eastern frontier of British India. The Burmese would be crushed for years to come by repaying the heavy indemnity of one million pounds (then US$5 million), a large sum at that time. The British would wage two more wars against a much-weakened Burma, and swallow up the entire country by 1885. Title: Léon Émile Clément-Thomas Passage: Léon Émile Clément-Thomas was Governor General for various colonies in the Second French Colonial Empire, notably that of Senegal from 1888 to 1890 and French India from 1891 to 1896. In 1893 Clément-Thomas was made an honorary Knight Commander of the Indian Empire by the Government of British India. Title: Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad Passage: The break - up of the centralised Mughal empire by 1750, led to the creation of numerous semi-independent kingdoms (all provinces of the former Mughal empire). Nawab Siraj ud - Daulah was defeated by the British forces of Sir Robert Clive in the Battle of Plassey in 1757. Thereafter the Nawab of Bengal became a ``puppet ruler ''depending on military support from British East India company to secure their throne. Siraj - ud - Daulah was replaced by Mir Jaffer. He was personally led to the throne by Robert Clive, after triumph of the British in the battle. He briefly tried to re-assert his power by allying with the Dutch, but this plan was ended by the Battle of Chinsurah. After the defeat at Battle of Buxar and grant of the Diwani (revenue collection) of Bengal by the then Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, to the British East India Company in August 1765 and the appointment of Warren Hastings by the East India Company as their first Governor General of Bengal in 1773, the Nawabs authority became restricted. By 1773, British East India company asserted much authority and formed the Bengal Presidency over areas ruled by the Nawabs i.e. the Bengal subah, along with some other regions and abolished the system of Dual Government. In 1793 (during Nawab Mubarak ud - Daulah's reign), the Nizamat (military power, civil and criminal justice) was abolished, British East India company thus annexed this former Mughal province as part of their empire and took complete control of the region, and the Nawabs of Bengal became mere pensioners of the British East India Company. All the Diwan offices except the Diwan Ton were also abolished. Title: New Delhi Passage: The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V, Emperor of India during the Delhi Durbar of 1911. It was designed by British architects, Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931, by Viceroy and Governor - General of India Lord Irwin. Title: Second Anglo-Maratha War Passage: The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805) was the second conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India. Title: Gandhi–Irwin Pact Passage: The Gandhi Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and the then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin on 5 March 1931 before the second Round Table Conference in London. Before this, the viceroy Lord Irwin announced in October 1929, a vague offer of 'dominion status' for India in an unspecified future and a Round Table Conference to discuss a future constitution. The second round table conference which was held in 1931. Title: Simla Conference Passage: Sir Winston Churchill as prime minister and head of war cabinet proposed Field Marshal Wavell's name to his cabinet in mid-June 1943, as India's next viceroy. General Sir Claude Auchinleck who had followed Wavell in his middle eastern command was to be the next commander in chief of Indian army after Lord Wavell. In October 1943 the British Government decided to replace Lord Linlithgow with Lord Wavell as the Viceroy of India. Before assuming the viceroyalty, Lord Wavell had been head of the Indian army and thus had an understanding of the Indian situation. On becoming Viceroy, Wavell's most important task was to present a formula for the future government of India which would be acceptable to both Congress and the Muslim League. Title: Secretary of State for India Passage: The Secretary of State for India or India Secretary was the British Cabinet minister and the political head of the India Office responsible for the governance of the British Raj (India), Aden, and Burma. The post was created in 1858 when the East India Company's rule in Bengal ended and India except for the Princely States was brought under the direct administration of the government in London, beginning the official colonial period under the British Empire. Title: New Delhi Passage: Old Delhi had served as the political and financial centre of several empires of ancient India and the Delhi Sultanate, most notably of the Mughal Empire from 1649 to 1857. During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the British administration to shift the capital of the British Indian Empire, as India was officially named, from Calcutta on the east coast, to Delhi. The Government of British India felt that it would be logistically easier to administer India from Delhi in the centre of northern India. Title: History of Kolkata Passage: Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta in English, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal and is located in eastern India on the east bank of the River Hooghly. The city was a colonial city developed by the British East India Company and then by the British Empire. Kolkata was the capital of the British Indian empire until 1911 when the capital was relocated to Delhi. Kolkata grew rapidly in the 19th century to become the second city of the British Empire. This was accompanied by the development of a culture that fused European philosophies with Indian tradition. Title: Governor-General of India Passage: Viceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first governor - general during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Monarch of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950 Title: Punjab, Pakistan Passage: Maharaja Ranjit Singh's death in the summer of 1839 brought political chaos and the subsequent battles of succession and the bloody infighting between the factions at court weakened the state. Relationships with neighbouring British territories then broke down, starting the First Anglo-Sikh War; this led to a British official being resident in Lahore and the annexation in 1849 of territory south of the Satluj to British India. After the Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1849, the Sikh Empire became the last territory to be merged into British India. In Jhelum 35 British soldiers of HM XXIV regiment were killed by the local resistance during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.[citation needed] Title: Rashtrapati Bhavan Passage: When Chakravarti Rajagopalachari assumed the office as the first Indian - born Governor General of India and became the occupant of this building he preferred to stay in a few rooms which is now the family wing of the President and converted the then Viceroy's apartments into the Guest Wing where visiting heads of state stay while in India. Title: New Delhi Passage: The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V, Emperor of India during the Delhi Durbar of 1911. It was designed by British architects, Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931, by India's Viceroy Lord Irwin. Title: Indian National Congress Passage: The Indian National Congress (pronunciation (help info)) (INC, often called Congress) is a broadly based political party in India. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement, with over 15 million members and over 70 million participants. Congress led India to independence from Great Britain, and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire.	[ "Edmund Burke", "Governor-General of India" ]
2hop__166824_185403	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stadio Giuseppe Grezar was a multi-use stadium in Trieste, Italy. It was inaugurated in 1932 as the Stadio Littorio and was initially used as the stadium of U.S. Triestina Calcio matches. The capacity of the stadium was 8,000. It hosted the match between Czechoslovakia and Romania during the 1934 FIFA World Cup.", "title": "Stadio Giuseppe Grezar" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Piacenza Calcio 1919 and Piacenza Calcio play their home matches at the 21,668 capacity, Stadio Leonardo Garilli, located in the city of Piacenza.", "title": "Piacenza Calcio 1919" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fuori corso was an Italian sitcom written by Vincenzo Coppola, Ciro Ceruti and Ciro Villano; the latter two of whom starred in the comedy.", "title": "Fuori corso" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The stadium is currently under renovation after Cagliari relocated out of their former home venue, Stadio Sant'Elia, in order to make it comply with Serie A league standards in time for the new season.", "title": "Stadio Is Arenas" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stadio Comunale \"Is Arenas\" is a sports stadium in Quartu Sant'Elena, Sardinia, Italy. It is mostly used for football games and was the home venue of Serie A club Cagliari Calcio for the 2012–13 season.", "title": "Stadio Is Arenas" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Occupation of the Ruhr (German: Ruhrbesetzung) was a period of military occupation of the German Ruhr valley by France and Belgium between 1923 and 1925 in response to the Weimar Republic's failure to continue its reparation payments in the aftermath of World War I.", "title": "Occupation of the Ruhr" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stadio Francesco Gabrielli is an arena in Rovigo, Italy. It is primarily used for football, and is the home to the Rovigo Calcio of the Serie D. It opened in 1893 and holds 3,500 spectators.", "title": "Stadio Francesco Gabrielli" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Date Home Score Away Place 24 October 1978 Italy 19 - 6 Argentina Stadio Mario Battaglini, Rovigo 6 May 1995 Italy 22 - 12 Ireland Stadio Comunale di Monigo, Treviso 4 June 1995 Argentina 25 - 31 Italy Buffalo City Stadium, East London, South Africa 4 January 1997 Ireland 29 - 37 Italy Lansdowne Road, Dublin 22 March 1997 France 32 - 40 Italy Stade Lesdiguières, Grenoble 20 December 1997 Italy 37 - 22 Ireland Stadio Renato Dall'Ara, Bologna 24 January 1998 Italy 25 - 21 Scotland Stadio Comunale Monigo, Treviso 7 November 1998 Italy 23 - 19 Argentina Stadio Comunale Beltrametti, Piacenza 5 February 2000 Italy 34 - 20 Scotland Stadio Flaminio, Rome 15 February 2003 Italy 30 - 22 Wales Stadio Flaminio, Rome 6 March 2004 Italy 20 - 14 Scotland Stadio Flaminio, Rome 11 June 2005 Argentina 29 - 30 Italy Estadio Olímpico, Córdoba 24 February 2007 Scotland 17 - 37 Italy Murrayfield, Edinburgh 10 March 2007 Italy 23 - 20 Wales Stadio Flaminio, Rome 15 March 2008 Italy 23 - 20 Scotland Stadio Flaminio, Rome 28 June 2008 Argentina 12 - 13 Italy Estadio Olímpico, Córdoba 27 February 2010 Italy 16 - 12 Scotland Stadio Flaminio, Rome 12 March 2011 Italy 22 - 21 France Stadio Flaminio, Rome 17 March 2012 Italy 13 - 6 Scotland Stadio Olimpico, Rome 3 February 2013 Italy 23 - 18 France Stadio Olimpico, Rome 16 March 2013 Italy 22 - 15 Ireland Stadio Olimpico, Rome 28 February 2015 Scotland 19 - 22 Italy BT Murrayfield, Edinburgh 19 November 2016 Italy 20 - 18 South Africa Stadio Artemio Franchi, Florence", "title": "Italy national rugby union team" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1975–76 Coppa Italia was the 29th season of Coppa Italia, the major Italian domestic association football cup. The competition was won by Napoli, who defeated Verona in a one-legged final played at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome.", "title": "1975–76 Coppa Italia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Stadio San Nicola () is a multi-use all-seater stadium designed by Renzo Piano in Bari, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of F.C. Bari 1908. The stadium itself resembles a 'flower'. To create this particular design, the stadium consists of 26 'petals' and upper tiers of the higher ring which are separated by 8-metre empty spaces, sufficient to guarantee satisfactory security conditions.", "title": "Stadio San Nicola" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stadio Arduino Mangoni, is a multi-purpose stadium in Isola del Liri, Italy. It is mainly used mostly for football matches and hosts the home matches of Isola Liri in Serie D. The stadium has a capacity of 3,000 spectators and meets Lega Pro criteria.", "title": "Conte Arduino Mangoni" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Stadio Ciro Vigorito (formerly Stadio Santa Colomba) is a multi-use stadium in Benevento, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Benevento Calcio. The stadium is able to hold 25,000 people and was opened in 1979.", "title": "Stadio Ciro Vigorito" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Occupation of Gori was the military occupation of Gori and its surrounding areas by Russian military forces, which started on 13 August 2008 as part of the Russo-Georgian War, and ended with the withdrawal of Russian units from the city on 22 August 2008.", "title": "Occupation of Gori" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Carmelo Imbriani (10 February 1976 – 15 February 2013) was an Italian footballer and former coach of Benevento in Lega Pro Prima Divisione.", "title": "Carmelo Imbriani" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stadio Erasmo Iacovone is a multi-use stadium in Taranto, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Taranto Sport. The stadium holds 27,584 people.", "title": "Stadio Erasmo Iacovone" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 is a US labor law governing the federal law of occupational health and safety in the private sector and federal government in the United States. It was enacted by Congress in 1970 and was signed by President Richard Nixon on December 29, 1970. Its main goal is to ensure that employers provide employees with an environment free from recognized hazards, such as exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress, or unsanitary conditions. The Act created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).", "title": "Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Football Club Crotone is an Italian football club based in Crotone, Calabria. Founded in 1910, holding home games at Stadio Ezio Scida, which has a 16,547 - seat capacity. The club plays in Serie A after being promoted from Serie B in 2016.", "title": "F.C. Crotone" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Qui studio a voi stadio (known also by the acronym QSVS) is a sports talk and debate television program produced by Telelombardia and aired on various affiliated local television channels in Italy, entirely devoted to Italian Soccer, in particular the Serie A.", "title": "Qui studio a voi stadio" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stadio San Paolo () is a stadium in the western suburb of Fuorigrotta in Naples, Italy, and is the third largest football stadium in Italy after the San Siro and Stadio Olimpico. For the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, it hosted the football preliminaries. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home of Napoli. The stadium was built in 1959 and underwent extensive renovations in 1989 for the 1990 World Cup. The present capacity of the San Paolo is 60,240.", "title": "Stadio San Paolo" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stadio Antonio Bianco is a multi-use stadium in Gallipoli, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Gallipoli Calcio. The stadium holds 5,000 people.", "title": "Stadio Antonio Bianco" } ]	What league does the team that plays in Stadio Ciro Vigorito play for?	Lega Pro Prima Divisione	[]	Title: Stadio Francesco Gabrielli Passage: Stadio Francesco Gabrielli is an arena in Rovigo, Italy. It is primarily used for football, and is the home to the Rovigo Calcio of the Serie D. It opened in 1893 and holds 3,500 spectators. Title: Occupation of Gori Passage: The Occupation of Gori was the military occupation of Gori and its surrounding areas by Russian military forces, which started on 13 August 2008 as part of the Russo-Georgian War, and ended with the withdrawal of Russian units from the city on 22 August 2008. Title: Piacenza Calcio 1919 Passage: Piacenza Calcio 1919 and Piacenza Calcio play their home matches at the 21,668 capacity, Stadio Leonardo Garilli, located in the city of Piacenza. Title: Stadio Is Arenas Passage: The stadium is currently under renovation after Cagliari relocated out of their former home venue, Stadio Sant'Elia, in order to make it comply with Serie A league standards in time for the new season. Title: Conte Arduino Mangoni Passage: Stadio Arduino Mangoni, is a multi-purpose stadium in Isola del Liri, Italy. It is mainly used mostly for football matches and hosts the home matches of Isola Liri in Serie D. The stadium has a capacity of 3,000 spectators and meets Lega Pro criteria. Title: Occupation of the Ruhr Passage: The Occupation of the Ruhr (German: Ruhrbesetzung) was a period of military occupation of the German Ruhr valley by France and Belgium between 1923 and 1925 in response to the Weimar Republic's failure to continue its reparation payments in the aftermath of World War I. Title: Carmelo Imbriani Passage: Carmelo Imbriani (10 February 1976 – 15 February 2013) was an Italian footballer and former coach of Benevento in Lega Pro Prima Divisione. Title: 1975–76 Coppa Italia Passage: The 1975–76 Coppa Italia was the 29th season of Coppa Italia, the major Italian domestic association football cup. The competition was won by Napoli, who defeated Verona in a one-legged final played at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome. Title: Stadio Antonio Bianco Passage: Stadio Antonio Bianco is a multi-use stadium in Gallipoli, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Gallipoli Calcio. The stadium holds 5,000 people. Title: F.C. Crotone Passage: Football Club Crotone is an Italian football club based in Crotone, Calabria. Founded in 1910, holding home games at Stadio Ezio Scida, which has a 16,547 - seat capacity. The club plays in Serie A after being promoted from Serie B in 2016. Title: Stadio Erasmo Iacovone Passage: Stadio Erasmo Iacovone is a multi-use stadium in Taranto, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Taranto Sport. The stadium holds 27,584 people. Title: Italy national rugby union team Passage: Date Home Score Away Place 24 October 1978 Italy 19 - 6 Argentina Stadio Mario Battaglini, Rovigo 6 May 1995 Italy 22 - 12 Ireland Stadio Comunale di Monigo, Treviso 4 June 1995 Argentina 25 - 31 Italy Buffalo City Stadium, East London, South Africa 4 January 1997 Ireland 29 - 37 Italy Lansdowne Road, Dublin 22 March 1997 France 32 - 40 Italy Stade Lesdiguières, Grenoble 20 December 1997 Italy 37 - 22 Ireland Stadio Renato Dall'Ara, Bologna 24 January 1998 Italy 25 - 21 Scotland Stadio Comunale Monigo, Treviso 7 November 1998 Italy 23 - 19 Argentina Stadio Comunale Beltrametti, Piacenza 5 February 2000 Italy 34 - 20 Scotland Stadio Flaminio, Rome 15 February 2003 Italy 30 - 22 Wales Stadio Flaminio, Rome 6 March 2004 Italy 20 - 14 Scotland Stadio Flaminio, Rome 11 June 2005 Argentina 29 - 30 Italy Estadio Olímpico, Córdoba 24 February 2007 Scotland 17 - 37 Italy Murrayfield, Edinburgh 10 March 2007 Italy 23 - 20 Wales Stadio Flaminio, Rome 15 March 2008 Italy 23 - 20 Scotland Stadio Flaminio, Rome 28 June 2008 Argentina 12 - 13 Italy Estadio Olímpico, Córdoba 27 February 2010 Italy 16 - 12 Scotland Stadio Flaminio, Rome 12 March 2011 Italy 22 - 21 France Stadio Flaminio, Rome 17 March 2012 Italy 13 - 6 Scotland Stadio Olimpico, Rome 3 February 2013 Italy 23 - 18 France Stadio Olimpico, Rome 16 March 2013 Italy 22 - 15 Ireland Stadio Olimpico, Rome 28 February 2015 Scotland 19 - 22 Italy BT Murrayfield, Edinburgh 19 November 2016 Italy 20 - 18 South Africa Stadio Artemio Franchi, Florence Title: Stadio San Paolo Passage: Stadio San Paolo () is a stadium in the western suburb of Fuorigrotta in Naples, Italy, and is the third largest football stadium in Italy after the San Siro and Stadio Olimpico. For the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, it hosted the football preliminaries. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home of Napoli. The stadium was built in 1959 and underwent extensive renovations in 1989 for the 1990 World Cup. The present capacity of the San Paolo is 60,240. Title: Stadio Ciro Vigorito Passage: Stadio Ciro Vigorito (formerly Stadio Santa Colomba) is a multi-use stadium in Benevento, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Benevento Calcio. The stadium is able to hold 25,000 people and was opened in 1979. Title: Qui studio a voi stadio Passage: Qui studio a voi stadio (known also by the acronym QSVS) is a sports talk and debate television program produced by Telelombardia and aired on various affiliated local television channels in Italy, entirely devoted to Italian Soccer, in particular the Serie A. Title: Fuori corso Passage: Fuori corso was an Italian sitcom written by Vincenzo Coppola, Ciro Ceruti and Ciro Villano; the latter two of whom starred in the comedy. Title: Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States) Passage: The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 is a US labor law governing the federal law of occupational health and safety in the private sector and federal government in the United States. It was enacted by Congress in 1970 and was signed by President Richard Nixon on December 29, 1970. Its main goal is to ensure that employers provide employees with an environment free from recognized hazards, such as exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress, or unsanitary conditions. The Act created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Title: Stadio San Nicola Passage: The Stadio San Nicola () is a multi-use all-seater stadium designed by Renzo Piano in Bari, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of F.C. Bari 1908. The stadium itself resembles a 'flower'. To create this particular design, the stadium consists of 26 'petals' and upper tiers of the higher ring which are separated by 8-metre empty spaces, sufficient to guarantee satisfactory security conditions. Title: Stadio Giuseppe Grezar Passage: Stadio Giuseppe Grezar was a multi-use stadium in Trieste, Italy. It was inaugurated in 1932 as the Stadio Littorio and was initially used as the stadium of U.S. Triestina Calcio matches. The capacity of the stadium was 8,000. It hosted the match between Czechoslovakia and Romania during the 1934 FIFA World Cup. Title: Stadio Is Arenas Passage: Stadio Comunale "Is Arenas" is a sports stadium in Quartu Sant'Elena, Sardinia, Italy. It is mostly used for football games and was the home venue of Serie A club Cagliari Calcio for the 2012–13 season.	[ "Stadio Ciro Vigorito", "Carmelo Imbriani" ]
2hop__20536_96912	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Except for the Peace Prize, the Nobel Prizes are presented in Stockholm, Sweden, at the annual Prize Award Ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death. The recipients' lectures are normally held in the days prior to the award ceremony. The Peace Prize and its recipients' lectures are presented at the annual Prize Award Ceremony in Oslo, Norway, usually on 10 December. The award ceremonies and the associated banquets are typically major international events. The Prizes awarded in Sweden's ceremonies' are held at the Stockholm Concert Hall, with the Nobel banquet following immediately at Stockholm City Hall. The Nobel Peace Prize ceremony has been held at the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905 -- 1946), at the auditorium of the University of Oslo (1947 -- 1989), and at Oslo City Hall (1990 -- present).", "title": "Nobel Prize" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Berwick Prize and Senior Berwick Prize are two prizes of the London Mathematical Society awarded in alternating years in memory of William Edward Hodgson Berwick, a previous Vice-President of the LMS. Berwick left some money to be given to the society to establish two prizes. His widow Daisy May Berwick gave the society the money and the society established the prizes, with the first Senior Berwick Prize being presented in 1946 and the first Junior Berwick Prize the following year. The prizes are awarded \"in recognition of an outstanding piece of mathematical research ... published by the Society\" in the eight years before the year of the award.", "title": "Berwick Prize" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Swedish: Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, who died in 1896. These prizes are awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by a committee that consists of five members elected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The first Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 1901 to Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, of the Netherlands. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award prize that has varied throughout the years. In 1901, van' t Hoff received 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death.", "title": "List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The loss of such a large portion of British America, at the time Britain's most populous overseas possession, is seen by some historians as the event defining the transition between the \"first\" and \"second\" empires, in which Britain shifted its attention away from the Americas to Asia, the Pacific and later Africa. Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, had argued that colonies were redundant, and that free trade should replace the old mercantilist policies that had characterised the first period of colonial expansion, dating back to the protectionism of Spain and Portugal. The growth of trade between the newly independent United States and Britain after 1783 seemed to confirm Smith's view that political control was not necessary for economic success.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize of the American Physical Society, to remember Julius Edgar Lilienfeld, has been awarded annually, since 1989. (It was not awarded in 2002). The purpose of the Prize is to recognize outstanding contributions to physics.", "title": "Lilienfeld Prize" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Norwegian Nobel Committee each year awards the Nobel Peace Prize (Norwegian and Swedish: Nobels fredspris) ``to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses. ''It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel (who died in 1896), awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the Norwegian Nobel Committee and awarded by a committee of five people elected by the Parliament of Norway. The first Nobel Peace Prize was awarded in 1901 to Frédéric Passy and Henry Dunant; the prize was most recently awarded to the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons in 2017. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma, and a monetary award prize that has varied throughout the years. In 1901, Passy and Dunant shared a Prize of 150,782 Swedish kronor, which was equal to 7,731,004 kronor in 2008. The Peace Prize is presented annually in Oslo, in the presence of the King of Norway, on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death, and is the only Nobel Prize not presented in Stockholm. Unlike the other prizes, the Peace Prize is occasionally awarded to an organisation (such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, a three - time recipient) rather than an individual.", "title": "List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tea Act retained the three pence Townshend duty on tea imported to the colonies. Some members of Parliament wanted to eliminate this tax, arguing that there was no reason to provoke another colonial controversy. Former Chancellor of the Exchequer William Dowdeswell, for example, warned Lord North that the Americans would not accept the tea if the Townshend duty remained. But North did not want to give up the revenue from the Townshend tax, primarily because it was used to pay the salaries of colonial officials; maintaining the right of taxing the Americans was a secondary concern. According to historian Benjamin Labaree, ``A stubborn Lord North had unwittingly hammered a nail in the coffin of the old British Empire. ''", "title": "Boston Tea Party" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Karl Jaspers Prize or Karl-Jaspers-Preis is a German philosophy award named after Karl Jaspers and awarded by the city of Heidelberg and the University of Heidelberg. It was first awarded in 1983 \"for a scientific work of international significance supported by philosophical spirit\". The Karl Jaspers Prize was initially endowed with 5,000 euros, though since 2013 this has increased to €25,000. Next to the Friedrich Nietzsche Prize it is one of the highest awards in Germany awarded exclusively for philosophical achievements.", "title": "Karl Jaspers Prize" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Adam Smith Prize are two prizes for best performance in the Part IIB Economics Tripos examinations and dissertation at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. Previously the prize, established in 1891 and named after Adam Smith, was awarded triennially for best submitted essay on a subject of the writer's choice.", "title": "Adam Smith Prize" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fröhlich Prize of the London Mathematical Society is awarded in even numbered years in memory of Albrecht Fröhlich. The prize is awarded for original and extremely innovative work in any branch of mathematics. According to the regulations the prize is awarded \"to a mathematician who has fewer than 25 years (full time equivalent) of involvement in mathematics at post-doctoral level, allowing for breaks in continuity, or who in the opinion of the Prizes Committee is at an equivalent stage in their career.\"", "title": "Fröhlich Prize" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Booktrust Teenage Prize was an annual award given to young adult literature published in the UK. The prize was administered by Book Trust, an independent charity which promotes books and reading. The Booktrust Teenage Prize was last awarded in 2010 and is no longer running.", "title": "Booktrust Teenage Prize" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Faraday Lectureship Prize, previously known simply as the Faraday Lectureship is awarded once every three years (approximately) by the Royal Society of Chemistry for \"exceptional contributions to physical or theoretical chemistry\". Named after Michael Faraday, the first Faraday Lecture was given in 1869, two years after Faraday's death, by Jean-Baptiste Dumas. As of 2009, the prize was worth £5000, with the recipient also receiving a medal and a certificate. As the name suggests, the recipient also gives a public lecture describing his or her work.", "title": "Faraday Lectureship Prize" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Michael Faraday Medal and Prize is a prize awarded annually by the Institute of Physics in experimental physics, one of the Institute's Gold medals. The award is made \"for outstanding and sustained contributions to experimental physics.\" The medal is gold and accompanied by a prize of £1000 and a certificate.", "title": "Institute of Physics Michael Faraday Medal and Prize" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tycho Brahe Prize is awarded by the European Astronomical Society. Inaugurated in 2008, the prize is awarded annually in recognition of the pioneering development or exploitation of European astronomical instrumentation, or major discoveries based largely on such instruments.", "title": "Tycho Brahe Prize" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James F. Brooks (born 1955) is an American historian whose work on slavery, captivity and kinship in the Southwest Borderlands was honored with major national history awards: the Bancroft Prize, Francis Parkman Prize, the Frederick Jackson Turner Award and the Frederick Douglass Prize (second prize). He is Professor of History and Anthropology at the University of California, Santa Barbara and editor of the journal \"The Public Historian\"", "title": "James F. Brooks" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kavli Prize was established in 2005 through a joint venture between the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research, and The Kavli Foundation. The main objective for the Prize is to honor, support and recognize scientists for outstanding scientific work in the fields of astrophysics, nanoscience and neuroscience and award three international prizes every second year. The Kavli Prize was awarded the first time in Oslo, 9 September 2008. The Prizes were presented by Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway. Each of the three Kavli Prizes consists of a gold medal, a scroll, and a cash award of US $1,000,000.", "title": "Kavli Prize" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blacks have received awards in three of six award categories: eleven in Peace, three in Literature, and one in Economics. The first black recipient, American Ralph Bunche, was awarded the Peace Prize in 1950. The most recent as of 2017, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Leymah Gbowee, were awarded their Peace Prizes in 2011.", "title": "List of black Nobel laureates" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 3rd annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 18 to 28 June 1953. This year's festival did not give any official jury prizes, instead awards were given by audience voting. This continued until the FIAPF granted Berlin \"A-Status\" in 1956.", "title": "3rd Berlin International Film Festival" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Six laureates have received more than one prize; of the six, the International Committee of the Red Cross has received the Nobel Peace Prize three times, more than any other. UNHCR has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize twice. Also the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Bardeen twice, and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Frederick Sanger. Two laureates have been awarded twice but not in the same field: Marie Curie (Physics and Chemistry) and Linus Pauling (Chemistry and Peace). Among the 892 Nobel laureates, 48 have been women; the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. She was also the first person (male or female) to be awarded two Nobel Prizes, the second award being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, given in 1911.", "title": "List of Nobel laureates" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Grapes of Wrath is an American realist novel written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939. The book won the National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize for fiction, and it was cited prominently when Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962.", "title": "The Grapes of Wrath" } ]	Who gives out the award named after the person who argued that colonies were redundant?	University of Cambridge	[ "Cambridge" ]	Title: Tycho Brahe Prize Passage: The Tycho Brahe Prize is awarded by the European Astronomical Society. Inaugurated in 2008, the prize is awarded annually in recognition of the pioneering development or exploitation of European astronomical instrumentation, or major discoveries based largely on such instruments. Title: British Empire Passage: The loss of such a large portion of British America, at the time Britain's most populous overseas possession, is seen by some historians as the event defining the transition between the "first" and "second" empires, in which Britain shifted its attention away from the Americas to Asia, the Pacific and later Africa. Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, had argued that colonies were redundant, and that free trade should replace the old mercantilist policies that had characterised the first period of colonial expansion, dating back to the protectionism of Spain and Portugal. The growth of trade between the newly independent United States and Britain after 1783 seemed to confirm Smith's view that political control was not necessary for economic success. Title: James F. Brooks Passage: James F. Brooks (born 1955) is an American historian whose work on slavery, captivity and kinship in the Southwest Borderlands was honored with major national history awards: the Bancroft Prize, Francis Parkman Prize, the Frederick Jackson Turner Award and the Frederick Douglass Prize (second prize). He is Professor of History and Anthropology at the University of California, Santa Barbara and editor of the journal "The Public Historian" Title: Booktrust Teenage Prize Passage: The Booktrust Teenage Prize was an annual award given to young adult literature published in the UK. The prize was administered by Book Trust, an independent charity which promotes books and reading. The Booktrust Teenage Prize was last awarded in 2010 and is no longer running. Title: Lilienfeld Prize Passage: The Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize of the American Physical Society, to remember Julius Edgar Lilienfeld, has been awarded annually, since 1989. (It was not awarded in 2002). The purpose of the Prize is to recognize outstanding contributions to physics. Title: Berwick Prize Passage: The Berwick Prize and Senior Berwick Prize are two prizes of the London Mathematical Society awarded in alternating years in memory of William Edward Hodgson Berwick, a previous Vice-President of the LMS. Berwick left some money to be given to the society to establish two prizes. His widow Daisy May Berwick gave the society the money and the society established the prizes, with the first Senior Berwick Prize being presented in 1946 and the first Junior Berwick Prize the following year. The prizes are awarded "in recognition of an outstanding piece of mathematical research ... published by the Society" in the eight years before the year of the award. Title: List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates Passage: The Norwegian Nobel Committee each year awards the Nobel Peace Prize (Norwegian and Swedish: Nobels fredspris) ``to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses. ''It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel (who died in 1896), awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the Norwegian Nobel Committee and awarded by a committee of five people elected by the Parliament of Norway. The first Nobel Peace Prize was awarded in 1901 to Frédéric Passy and Henry Dunant; the prize was most recently awarded to the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons in 2017. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma, and a monetary award prize that has varied throughout the years. In 1901, Passy and Dunant shared a Prize of 150,782 Swedish kronor, which was equal to 7,731,004 kronor in 2008. The Peace Prize is presented annually in Oslo, in the presence of the King of Norway, on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death, and is the only Nobel Prize not presented in Stockholm. Unlike the other prizes, the Peace Prize is occasionally awarded to an organisation (such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, a three - time recipient) rather than an individual. Title: Fröhlich Prize Passage: The Fröhlich Prize of the London Mathematical Society is awarded in even numbered years in memory of Albrecht Fröhlich. The prize is awarded for original and extremely innovative work in any branch of mathematics. According to the regulations the prize is awarded "to a mathematician who has fewer than 25 years (full time equivalent) of involvement in mathematics at post-doctoral level, allowing for breaks in continuity, or who in the opinion of the Prizes Committee is at an equivalent stage in their career." Title: 3rd Berlin International Film Festival Passage: The 3rd annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 18 to 28 June 1953. This year's festival did not give any official jury prizes, instead awards were given by audience voting. This continued until the FIAPF granted Berlin "A-Status" in 1956. Title: Institute of Physics Michael Faraday Medal and Prize Passage: The Michael Faraday Medal and Prize is a prize awarded annually by the Institute of Physics in experimental physics, one of the Institute's Gold medals. The award is made "for outstanding and sustained contributions to experimental physics." The medal is gold and accompanied by a prize of £1000 and a certificate. Title: Faraday Lectureship Prize Passage: The Faraday Lectureship Prize, previously known simply as the Faraday Lectureship is awarded once every three years (approximately) by the Royal Society of Chemistry for "exceptional contributions to physical or theoretical chemistry". Named after Michael Faraday, the first Faraday Lecture was given in 1869, two years after Faraday's death, by Jean-Baptiste Dumas. As of 2009, the prize was worth £5000, with the recipient also receiving a medal and a certificate. As the name suggests, the recipient also gives a public lecture describing his or her work. Title: List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry Passage: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Swedish: Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, who died in 1896. These prizes are awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by a committee that consists of five members elected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The first Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 1901 to Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, of the Netherlands. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award prize that has varied throughout the years. In 1901, van' t Hoff received 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death. Title: Karl Jaspers Prize Passage: The Karl Jaspers Prize or Karl-Jaspers-Preis is a German philosophy award named after Karl Jaspers and awarded by the city of Heidelberg and the University of Heidelberg. It was first awarded in 1983 "for a scientific work of international significance supported by philosophical spirit". The Karl Jaspers Prize was initially endowed with 5,000 euros, though since 2013 this has increased to €25,000. Next to the Friedrich Nietzsche Prize it is one of the highest awards in Germany awarded exclusively for philosophical achievements. Title: List of black Nobel laureates Passage: Blacks have received awards in three of six award categories: eleven in Peace, three in Literature, and one in Economics. The first black recipient, American Ralph Bunche, was awarded the Peace Prize in 1950. The most recent as of 2017, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Leymah Gbowee, were awarded their Peace Prizes in 2011. Title: Nobel Prize Passage: Except for the Peace Prize, the Nobel Prizes are presented in Stockholm, Sweden, at the annual Prize Award Ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death. The recipients' lectures are normally held in the days prior to the award ceremony. The Peace Prize and its recipients' lectures are presented at the annual Prize Award Ceremony in Oslo, Norway, usually on 10 December. The award ceremonies and the associated banquets are typically major international events. The Prizes awarded in Sweden's ceremonies' are held at the Stockholm Concert Hall, with the Nobel banquet following immediately at Stockholm City Hall. The Nobel Peace Prize ceremony has been held at the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905 -- 1946), at the auditorium of the University of Oslo (1947 -- 1989), and at Oslo City Hall (1990 -- present). Title: Adam Smith Prize Passage: The Adam Smith Prize are two prizes for best performance in the Part IIB Economics Tripos examinations and dissertation at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. Previously the prize, established in 1891 and named after Adam Smith, was awarded triennially for best submitted essay on a subject of the writer's choice. Title: The Grapes of Wrath Passage: The Grapes of Wrath is an American realist novel written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939. The book won the National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize for fiction, and it was cited prominently when Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962. Title: Kavli Prize Passage: The Kavli Prize was established in 2005 through a joint venture between the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research, and The Kavli Foundation. The main objective for the Prize is to honor, support and recognize scientists for outstanding scientific work in the fields of astrophysics, nanoscience and neuroscience and award three international prizes every second year. The Kavli Prize was awarded the first time in Oslo, 9 September 2008. The Prizes were presented by Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway. Each of the three Kavli Prizes consists of a gold medal, a scroll, and a cash award of US $1,000,000. Title: List of Nobel laureates Passage: Six laureates have received more than one prize; of the six, the International Committee of the Red Cross has received the Nobel Peace Prize three times, more than any other. UNHCR has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize twice. Also the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Bardeen twice, and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Frederick Sanger. Two laureates have been awarded twice but not in the same field: Marie Curie (Physics and Chemistry) and Linus Pauling (Chemistry and Peace). Among the 892 Nobel laureates, 48 have been women; the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. She was also the first person (male or female) to be awarded two Nobel Prizes, the second award being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, given in 1911. Title: Boston Tea Party Passage: The Tea Act retained the three pence Townshend duty on tea imported to the colonies. Some members of Parliament wanted to eliminate this tax, arguing that there was no reason to provoke another colonial controversy. Former Chancellor of the Exchequer William Dowdeswell, for example, warned Lord North that the Americans would not accept the tea if the Townshend duty remained. But North did not want to give up the revenue from the Townshend tax, primarily because it was used to pay the salaries of colonial officials; maintaining the right of taxing the Americans was a secondary concern. According to historian Benjamin Labaree, ``A stubborn Lord North had unwittingly hammered a nail in the coffin of the old British Empire. ''	[ "British Empire", "Adam Smith Prize" ]
2hop__29752_814677	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ptolemy's family ruled Egypt until the Roman conquest of 30 BC. All the male rulers of the dynasty took the name Ptolemy. Ptolemaic queens, some of whom were the sisters of their husbands, were usually called Cleopatra, Arsinoe or Berenice. The most famous member of the line was the last queen, Cleopatra VII, known for her role in the Roman political battles between Julius Caesar and Pompey, and later between Octavian and Mark Antony. Her suicide at the conquest by Rome marked the end of Ptolemaic rule in Egypt though Hellenistic culture continued to thrive in Egypt throughout the Roman and Byzantine periods until the Muslim conquest.", "title": "Hellenistic period" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BC as one of the world's first nation states. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide. Egypt's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, having endured, and at times assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European. Although Christianised in the first century of the Common Era, it was subsequently Islamised due to the Islamic conquests of the seventh century.", "title": "Egypt" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The oldest known sundial is from Egypt; it dates back to around 1500 BC (19th Dynasty), and was discovered in the Valley of the Kings in 2013. Sundials have their origin in shadow clocks, which were the first devices used for measuring the parts of a day. Ancient Egyptian obelisks, constructed about 3500 BC, are also among the earliest shadow clocks.", "title": "History of timekeeping devices" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Manzala ( \"baḥīrat manzala\"), also Manzaleh, is a brackish lake, sometimes called a lagoon, in northeastern Egypt on the Nile Delta near Port Said and a few miles from the ancient ruins at Tanis. It is the largest of the northern deltaic lakes of Egypt. As of 2008 it is 47 km long and 30 km wide.", "title": "Lake Manzala" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fortress of an-Nekhel is a Ksar (castle) located in the Nekhel Municipality of the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. It holds a strategic location at the exact center of the peninsula. Excavations at the site have revealed remains dating from Ancient Egypt. It has historically been an important stop and staging ground for Muslim pilgrims undertaking the Hajj or Umra, holy Muslim pilgrimages.", "title": "An-Nekhel Fortress" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During his papacy the Muslim ruler in Damascus was Marwan I as after the death of Yazid, the son of Mu'âwiyah and his son Muawiya II, Marwan I took control of the East and of Egypt.", "title": "Pope John III of Alexandria" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The worship of dynastic ruler cults was also a feature of this period, most notably in Egypt, where the Ptolemies adopted earlier Pharaonic practice, and established themselves as god-kings. These cults were usually associated with a specific temple in honor of the ruler such as the Ptolemaieia at Alexandria and had their own festivals and theatrical performances. The setting up of ruler cults was more based on the systematized honors offered to the kings (sacrifice, proskynesis, statues, altars, hymns) which put them on par with the gods (isotheism) than on actual belief of their divine nature. According to Peter Green, these cults did not produce genuine belief of the divinity of rulers among the Greeks and Macedonians. The worship of Alexander was also popular, as in the long lived cult at Erythrae and of course, at Alexandria, where his tomb was located.", "title": "Hellenistic period" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pinedjem I was the High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Ancient Egypt from 1070 to 1032 BC and the \"de facto\" ruler of the south of the country from 1054 BC. He was the son of the High Priest Piankh. However, many Egyptologists today believe that the succession in the Amun priesthood actually ran from Piankh to Herihor to Pinedjem I.", "title": "Pinedjem I" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mark Lehner is an American archaeologist with more than 30 years of experience excavating in Egypt. He was born in North Dakota in 1950. His approach, as director of Ancient Egypt Research Associates (AERA), is to conduct interdisciplinary archaeological investigation. Every excavated object is examined by specialists to create an overall picture of an archaeological site—from the buildings down to the pollen spores. His international team currently runs the Giza Plateau Mapping Project, excavating and mapping the ancient city of the builders of the Giza pyramid complex, which dates to the fourth dynasty of Egypt. He discovered that Pyramid G1-a, one of the subsidiary pyramids of the Great Pyramid, belonged to Hetepheres I; it was originally thought to belong to Queen Meritites I.", "title": "Mark Lehner" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "For the ancient Egyptians, green had very positive associations. The hieroglyph for green represented a growing papyrus sprout, showing the close connection between green, vegetation, vigor and growth. In wall paintings, the ruler of the underworld, Osiris, was typically portrayed with a green face, because green was the symbol of good health and rebirth. Palettes of green facial makeup, made with malachite, were found in tombs. It was worn by both the living and dead, particularly around the eyes, to protect them from evil. Tombs also often contained small green amulets in the shape of scarab beetles made of malachite, which would protect and give vigor to the deceased. It also symbolized the sea, which was called the \"Very Green.\"", "title": "Green" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One such institution is the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents (CSAD) founded by and located centrally at Oxford University, Great Britain. Among its many activities CSAD numbers \"a long-term project to create a library of digitised images of Greek inscriptions.\" These it arranges by region. The Egypt and the Near East region besides Egypt includes Cyprus, Persia and Afghanistan but not Asia Minor (a separate region).", "title": "Near East" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Artifacts and structures suggest sport in China as early as 2000 BC. Gymnastics appears to have been popular in China's ancient past. Monuments to the Pharaohs indicate that a number of sports, including swimming and fishing, were well-developed and regulated several thousands of years ago in ancient Egypt. Other Egyptian sports included javelin throwing, high jump, and wrestling. Ancient Persian sports such as the traditional Iranian martial art of Zourkhaneh had a close connection to warfare skills. Among other sports that originated in ancient Persia are polo and jousting.", "title": "Sport" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pharaohs' Woman () is a 1960 historical period drama film directed by Victor Tourjansky and starring John Drew Barrymore. The film is set in Ancient Egypt during the 31st century BCE (shortly after the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt) and pertains to a love story set against the backdrop of a power struggle between a prince of the former ruling dynasty of Lower Egypt and the new overlords from Upper Egypt. It was the first feature film shot in Techniscope.", "title": "The Pharaohs' Woman" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt were united c. 3000 BC, but each maintained its own regalia: the hedjet or White Crown for Upper Egypt and the deshret or Red Crown for Lower Egypt. Thus, the pharaohs were known as the rulers of the Two Lands, and wore the pschent, a double crown, each half representing sovereignty of one of the kingdoms. Ancient Egyptian tradition credited Menes, now believed to be the same as Narmer, as the king who united Upper and Lower Egypt. On the Narmer Palette the king is depicted wearing the Red Crown in one scene and the White crown in another, and thereby showing his rule over both Lands.", "title": "Upper and Lower Egypt" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ramose and the Tomb Robbers is a 2003 historical novel by British-born Australian author Carole Wilkinson. It is set in ancient Egypt.", "title": "Ramose and the Tomb Robbers" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cats (Felis silvestris catus), known in ancient Egypt as ``Mau '', were considered sacred in ancient Egyptian society. Based on recent DNA comparisons of living species, it has been estimated that cats were first domesticated from the Middle Eastern subspecies of the wildcat about 10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent. Thousands of years later, the peoples in what would later be Upper and Lower Egypt had a religion centering on the worship of animals, including cats.", "title": "Cats in ancient Egypt" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Romance of the Underworld is a 1928 American silent film drama produced and distributed by Fox Film Corporation. Directed by Irving Cummings and starring Mary Astor. It is taken from a stage play called \"A Romance of the Underworld\" by Paul Armstrong. A previous version of the story was filmed as \"A Romance of the Underworld\" in 1918 by director James Kirkwood with Catherine Calvert in Astor's part. The 1928 film is extant at the Museum of Modern Art. And also in a European archive.", "title": "Romance of the Underworld" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hapi, sometimes transliterated as Hapy, is one of the Four sons of Horus in ancient Egyptian religion, depicted in funerary literature as protecting the throne of Osiris in the Underworld. Hapi was the son of Heru-ur and Isis or Serqet. He is not to be confused with another god of the same name. He is commonly depicted with the head of a hamadryas baboon, and is tasked with protecting the lungs of the deceased, hence the common depiction of a hamadryas baboon head sculpted as the lid of the canopic jar that held the lungs. Hapi is in turn protected by the goddess Nephthys. When his image appears on the side of a coffin, he is usually aligned with the side intended to face north. When embalming practices changed during the Third Intermediate Period and the mummified organs were placed back inside the body, an amulet of Hapi would be included in the body cavity.", "title": "Hapi (Son of Horus)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The earliest known physician is also credited to ancient Egypt: Hesy - Ra, ``Chief of Dentists and Physicians ''for King Djoser in the 27th century BCE. Also, the earliest known woman physician, Peseshet, practiced in Ancient Egypt at the time of the 4th dynasty. Her title was`` Lady Overseer of the Lady Physicians.'' In addition to her supervisory role, Peseshet trained midwives at an ancient Egyptian medical school in Sais.", "title": "History of medicine" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The earliest examples of wedding rings are from Ancient Egypt. Western customs for wedding rings can be traced to ancient Rome and Greece, and were transmitted to the present through Christendom in Europe, which adapted the ancient customs.", "title": "Wedding ring" } ]	What is the ruler of the underworld in ancient Egypt a part of?	ancient Egyptian religion	[]	Title: Wedding ring Passage: The earliest examples of wedding rings are from Ancient Egypt. Western customs for wedding rings can be traced to ancient Rome and Greece, and were transmitted to the present through Christendom in Europe, which adapted the ancient customs. Title: Pope John III of Alexandria Passage: During his papacy the Muslim ruler in Damascus was Marwan I as after the death of Yazid, the son of Mu'âwiyah and his son Muawiya II, Marwan I took control of the East and of Egypt. Title: Sport Passage: Artifacts and structures suggest sport in China as early as 2000 BC. Gymnastics appears to have been popular in China's ancient past. Monuments to the Pharaohs indicate that a number of sports, including swimming and fishing, were well-developed and regulated several thousands of years ago in ancient Egypt. Other Egyptian sports included javelin throwing, high jump, and wrestling. Ancient Persian sports such as the traditional Iranian martial art of Zourkhaneh had a close connection to warfare skills. Among other sports that originated in ancient Persia are polo and jousting. Title: The Pharaohs' Woman Passage: The Pharaohs' Woman () is a 1960 historical period drama film directed by Victor Tourjansky and starring John Drew Barrymore. The film is set in Ancient Egypt during the 31st century BCE (shortly after the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt) and pertains to a love story set against the backdrop of a power struggle between a prince of the former ruling dynasty of Lower Egypt and the new overlords from Upper Egypt. It was the first feature film shot in Techniscope. Title: Lake Manzala Passage: Lake Manzala ( "baḥīrat manzala"), also Manzaleh, is a brackish lake, sometimes called a lagoon, in northeastern Egypt on the Nile Delta near Port Said and a few miles from the ancient ruins at Tanis. It is the largest of the northern deltaic lakes of Egypt. As of 2008 it is 47 km long and 30 km wide. Title: Pinedjem I Passage: Pinedjem I was the High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Ancient Egypt from 1070 to 1032 BC and the "de facto" ruler of the south of the country from 1054 BC. He was the son of the High Priest Piankh. However, many Egyptologists today believe that the succession in the Amun priesthood actually ran from Piankh to Herihor to Pinedjem I. Title: Hellenistic period Passage: Ptolemy's family ruled Egypt until the Roman conquest of 30 BC. All the male rulers of the dynasty took the name Ptolemy. Ptolemaic queens, some of whom were the sisters of their husbands, were usually called Cleopatra, Arsinoe or Berenice. The most famous member of the line was the last queen, Cleopatra VII, known for her role in the Roman political battles between Julius Caesar and Pompey, and later between Octavian and Mark Antony. Her suicide at the conquest by Rome marked the end of Ptolemaic rule in Egypt though Hellenistic culture continued to thrive in Egypt throughout the Roman and Byzantine periods until the Muslim conquest. Title: Near East Passage: One such institution is the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents (CSAD) founded by and located centrally at Oxford University, Great Britain. Among its many activities CSAD numbers "a long-term project to create a library of digitised images of Greek inscriptions." These it arranges by region. The Egypt and the Near East region besides Egypt includes Cyprus, Persia and Afghanistan but not Asia Minor (a separate region). Title: History of medicine Passage: The earliest known physician is also credited to ancient Egypt: Hesy - Ra, ``Chief of Dentists and Physicians ''for King Djoser in the 27th century BCE. Also, the earliest known woman physician, Peseshet, practiced in Ancient Egypt at the time of the 4th dynasty. Her title was`` Lady Overseer of the Lady Physicians.'' In addition to her supervisory role, Peseshet trained midwives at an ancient Egyptian medical school in Sais. Title: History of timekeeping devices Passage: The oldest known sundial is from Egypt; it dates back to around 1500 BC (19th Dynasty), and was discovered in the Valley of the Kings in 2013. Sundials have their origin in shadow clocks, which were the first devices used for measuring the parts of a day. Ancient Egyptian obelisks, constructed about 3500 BC, are also among the earliest shadow clocks. Title: Mark Lehner Passage: Mark Lehner is an American archaeologist with more than 30 years of experience excavating in Egypt. He was born in North Dakota in 1950. His approach, as director of Ancient Egypt Research Associates (AERA), is to conduct interdisciplinary archaeological investigation. Every excavated object is examined by specialists to create an overall picture of an archaeological site—from the buildings down to the pollen spores. His international team currently runs the Giza Plateau Mapping Project, excavating and mapping the ancient city of the builders of the Giza pyramid complex, which dates to the fourth dynasty of Egypt. He discovered that Pyramid G1-a, one of the subsidiary pyramids of the Great Pyramid, belonged to Hetepheres I; it was originally thought to belong to Queen Meritites I. Title: Ramose and the Tomb Robbers Passage: Ramose and the Tomb Robbers is a 2003 historical novel by British-born Australian author Carole Wilkinson. It is set in ancient Egypt. Title: Hapi (Son of Horus) Passage: Hapi, sometimes transliterated as Hapy, is one of the Four sons of Horus in ancient Egyptian religion, depicted in funerary literature as protecting the throne of Osiris in the Underworld. Hapi was the son of Heru-ur and Isis or Serqet. He is not to be confused with another god of the same name. He is commonly depicted with the head of a hamadryas baboon, and is tasked with protecting the lungs of the deceased, hence the common depiction of a hamadryas baboon head sculpted as the lid of the canopic jar that held the lungs. Hapi is in turn protected by the goddess Nephthys. When his image appears on the side of a coffin, he is usually aligned with the side intended to face north. When embalming practices changed during the Third Intermediate Period and the mummified organs were placed back inside the body, an amulet of Hapi would be included in the body cavity. Title: An-Nekhel Fortress Passage: The Fortress of an-Nekhel is a Ksar (castle) located in the Nekhel Municipality of the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. It holds a strategic location at the exact center of the peninsula. Excavations at the site have revealed remains dating from Ancient Egypt. It has historically been an important stop and staging ground for Muslim pilgrims undertaking the Hajj or Umra, holy Muslim pilgrimages. Title: Romance of the Underworld Passage: Romance of the Underworld is a 1928 American silent film drama produced and distributed by Fox Film Corporation. Directed by Irving Cummings and starring Mary Astor. It is taken from a stage play called "A Romance of the Underworld" by Paul Armstrong. A previous version of the story was filmed as "A Romance of the Underworld" in 1918 by director James Kirkwood with Catherine Calvert in Astor's part. The 1928 film is extant at the Museum of Modern Art. And also in a European archive. Title: Hellenistic period Passage: The worship of dynastic ruler cults was also a feature of this period, most notably in Egypt, where the Ptolemies adopted earlier Pharaonic practice, and established themselves as god-kings. These cults were usually associated with a specific temple in honor of the ruler such as the Ptolemaieia at Alexandria and had their own festivals and theatrical performances. The setting up of ruler cults was more based on the systematized honors offered to the kings (sacrifice, proskynesis, statues, altars, hymns) which put them on par with the gods (isotheism) than on actual belief of their divine nature. According to Peter Green, these cults did not produce genuine belief of the divinity of rulers among the Greeks and Macedonians. The worship of Alexander was also popular, as in the long lived cult at Erythrae and of course, at Alexandria, where his tomb was located. Title: Cats in ancient Egypt Passage: Cats (Felis silvestris catus), known in ancient Egypt as ``Mau '', were considered sacred in ancient Egyptian society. Based on recent DNA comparisons of living species, it has been estimated that cats were first domesticated from the Middle Eastern subspecies of the wildcat about 10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent. Thousands of years later, the peoples in what would later be Upper and Lower Egypt had a religion centering on the worship of animals, including cats. Title: Green Passage: For the ancient Egyptians, green had very positive associations. The hieroglyph for green represented a growing papyrus sprout, showing the close connection between green, vegetation, vigor and growth. In wall paintings, the ruler of the underworld, Osiris, was typically portrayed with a green face, because green was the symbol of good health and rebirth. Palettes of green facial makeup, made with malachite, were found in tombs. It was worn by both the living and dead, particularly around the eyes, to protect them from evil. Tombs also often contained small green amulets in the shape of scarab beetles made of malachite, which would protect and give vigor to the deceased. It also symbolized the sea, which was called the "Very Green." Title: Egypt Passage: Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BC as one of the world's first nation states. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide. Egypt's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, having endured, and at times assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European. Although Christianised in the first century of the Common Era, it was subsequently Islamised due to the Islamic conquests of the seventh century. Title: Upper and Lower Egypt Passage: The two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt were united c. 3000 BC, but each maintained its own regalia: the hedjet or White Crown for Upper Egypt and the deshret or Red Crown for Lower Egypt. Thus, the pharaohs were known as the rulers of the Two Lands, and wore the pschent, a double crown, each half representing sovereignty of one of the kingdoms. Ancient Egyptian tradition credited Menes, now believed to be the same as Narmer, as the king who united Upper and Lower Egypt. On the Narmer Palette the king is depicted wearing the Red Crown in one scene and the White crown in another, and thereby showing his rule over both Lands.	[ "Green", "Hapi (Son of Horus)" ]
2hop__648648_173389	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adaba is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia; it shares the name of its administrative center, Adaba. Part of the West Arsi Zone, Adaba is bordered on the southwest by Nensebo, on the west by Dodola, on the northwest by the Shabelle River which separates it from the Gedeb Asasa, and on the east and south by Bale Zone.", "title": "Adaba (woreda)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Włodawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus and Ukraine. Its seat is the town of Włodawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Włodawa" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Canada -- United States border (French: Frontière entre le Canada et les États - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary (French: Frontière internationale), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.", "title": "Canada–United States border" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oak Lawn is a suburb of Chicago, located southwest of the city. It shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs.", "title": "Oak Lawn, Illinois" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake James State Park is a North Carolina state park in Burke and McDowell Counties, North Carolina in the United States. Located near Nebo, North Carolina, it covers and borders Lake James.", "title": "Lake James State Park" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "It is located in the south west of Chadderton, close to the town's common borders with Middleton to the west and Moston in the City of Manchester which lies to the south.", "title": "Greengate, Greater Manchester" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Notogawa Station (Location: N35.179899,E136.165913) is the only Japan Railway station in Higashiomi. The station is a rapid stop on the JR Biwako Line, located between stations in Omi-Hachiman to the east and Hikone to the west. The town shares a small border with Lake Biwa to the northwest.", "title": "Notogawa, Shiga" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ahuntsic Park () is an urban park in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located in the borough of Ahuntsic-Cartierville, and is bordered by Henri Bourassa Boulevard to the north, Saint Hubert Street to the east, Lajeunesse Street to the west and Fleury Street to the south. It is located next to Terminus Henri-Bourassa.", "title": "Ahuntsic Park" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thirukkanur is a village in the union territory of Puducherry, India. It one of 16 villages located in Mannadipet commune panchayat of the Villianur taluk. It is bordered by the state of Tamil Nadu both to the east and west.", "title": "Thirukkanur" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seven Hills is a suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is located east of the CBD, and borders Camp Hill, Carina, Morningside, and Norman Park.", "title": "Seven Hills, Queensland" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Broadhurst Park is a football ground in Moston, Manchester, England. It is the home of F.C. United of Manchester and Moston Juniors F.C. The ground was known by its project name, Moston Community Stadium, before being changed at a members' meeting in 2014.", "title": "Broadhurst Park" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Virginia is located in Lempira Honduras and shares a border with El Salvador. Many Virginians travel to El Salvador to do their shopping, because the Honduran cities are far away from Virginia.", "title": "Virginia, Lempira" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean.", "title": "Geography of the United States" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Murray-Sunset National Park is the second largest national park in Victoria, Australia, located in the Mallee district in the northwestern corner of the state, bordering South Australia. The national park is situated approximately northwest of Melbourne and was proclaimed on . It is in the northwestern corner of the state, bordering South Australia to the west and the Murray River to the north. The Sturt Highway passes through the northern part of the park, but most of the park is in the remote area between the Sturt Highway and the Mallee Highway, west of the Calder Highway.", "title": "Murray-Sunset National Park" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Bosworth is located in the Canadian Rockies on the border of Alberta and British Columbia. The mountain is situated immediately northwest of Kicking Horse Pass and straddles the shared border of Banff National Park with Yoho National Park. It was named in 1903 after George Morris Bosworth, an executive and long-time employee of the Canadian Pacific Railway.", "title": "Mount Bosworth" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Located in northern Canada, the territory borders Canada's two other territories, Yukon to the west and Nunavut to the east, as well as three provinces: British Columbia to the southwest, and Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south. It possibly meets Manitoba at a quadripoint to the extreme southeast, though surveys have not been completed. It has a land area of 1,183,085 km2 (456,792 sq mi).Geographical features include Great Bear Lake, the largest lake entirely within Canada, and Great Slave Lake, the deepest body of water in North America at 614 m (2,014 ft), as well as the Mackenzie River and the canyons of the Nahanni National Park Reserve, a national park and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Territorial islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago include Banks Island, Borden Island, Prince Patrick Island, and parts of Victoria Island and Melville Island. Its highest point is Mount Nirvana near the border with Yukon at an elevation of 2,773 m (9,098 ft).", "title": "Northwest Territories" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "title": "States of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "title": "Minsk Region" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Coloane Park is a large park located on the southern section of Coloane Island in the former Portuguese colony of Macau, now a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.", "title": "Coloane Park" } ]	The city which contains Broadhurst Park shares a border with what town?	Middleton	[]	Title: Cyprus Popular Bank Passage: Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group. Title: Notogawa, Shiga Passage: Notogawa Station (Location: N35.179899,E136.165913) is the only Japan Railway station in Higashiomi. The station is a rapid stop on the JR Biwako Line, located between stations in Omi-Hachiman to the east and Hikone to the west. The town shares a small border with Lake Biwa to the northwest. Title: Greengate, Greater Manchester Passage: It is located in the south west of Chadderton, close to the town's common borders with Middleton to the west and Moston in the City of Manchester which lies to the south. Title: Minsk Region Passage: Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, "Minskaja vobłasć" ; , "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500. Title: Canada–United States border Passage: The Canada -- United States border (French: Frontière entre le Canada et les États - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary (French: Frontière internationale), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border. Title: Seven Hills, Queensland Passage: Seven Hills is a suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is located east of the CBD, and borders Camp Hill, Carina, Morningside, and Norman Park. Title: Adaba (woreda) Passage: Adaba is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia; it shares the name of its administrative center, Adaba. Part of the West Arsi Zone, Adaba is bordered on the southwest by Nensebo, on the west by Dodola, on the northwest by the Shabelle River which separates it from the Gedeb Asasa, and on the east and south by Bale Zone. Title: Lake James State Park Passage: Lake James State Park is a North Carolina state park in Burke and McDowell Counties, North Carolina in the United States. Located near Nebo, North Carolina, it covers and borders Lake James. Title: Mount Bosworth Passage: Mount Bosworth is located in the Canadian Rockies on the border of Alberta and British Columbia. The mountain is situated immediately northwest of Kicking Horse Pass and straddles the shared border of Banff National Park with Yoho National Park. It was named in 1903 after George Morris Bosworth, an executive and long-time employee of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Title: Ahuntsic Park Passage: Ahuntsic Park () is an urban park in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located in the borough of Ahuntsic-Cartierville, and is bordered by Henri Bourassa Boulevard to the north, Saint Hubert Street to the east, Lajeunesse Street to the west and Fleury Street to the south. It is located next to Terminus Henri-Bourassa. Title: Thirukkanur Passage: Thirukkanur is a village in the union territory of Puducherry, India. It one of 16 villages located in Mannadipet commune panchayat of the Villianur taluk. It is bordered by the state of Tamil Nadu both to the east and west. Title: Northwest Territories Passage: Located in northern Canada, the territory borders Canada's two other territories, Yukon to the west and Nunavut to the east, as well as three provinces: British Columbia to the southwest, and Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south. It possibly meets Manitoba at a quadripoint to the extreme southeast, though surveys have not been completed. It has a land area of 1,183,085 km2 (456,792 sq mi).Geographical features include Great Bear Lake, the largest lake entirely within Canada, and Great Slave Lake, the deepest body of water in North America at 614 m (2,014 ft), as well as the Mackenzie River and the canyons of the Nahanni National Park Reserve, a national park and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Territorial islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago include Banks Island, Borden Island, Prince Patrick Island, and parts of Victoria Island and Melville Island. Its highest point is Mount Nirvana near the border with Yukon at an elevation of 2,773 m (9,098 ft). Title: Broadhurst Park Passage: Broadhurst Park is a football ground in Moston, Manchester, England. It is the home of F.C. United of Manchester and Moston Juniors F.C. The ground was known by its project name, Moston Community Stadium, before being changed at a members' meeting in 2014. Title: Virginia, Lempira Passage: Virginia is located in Lempira Honduras and shares a border with El Salvador. Many Virginians travel to El Salvador to do their shopping, because the Honduran cities are far away from Virginia. Title: Oak Lawn, Illinois Passage: Oak Lawn is a suburb of Chicago, located southwest of the city. It shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs. Title: States of Nigeria Passage: A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments. Title: Geography of the United States Passage: The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean. Title: Murray-Sunset National Park Passage: The Murray-Sunset National Park is the second largest national park in Victoria, Australia, located in the Mallee district in the northwestern corner of the state, bordering South Australia. The national park is situated approximately northwest of Melbourne and was proclaimed on . It is in the northwestern corner of the state, bordering South Australia to the west and the Murray River to the north. The Sturt Highway passes through the northern part of the park, but most of the park is in the remote area between the Sturt Highway and the Mallee Highway, west of the Calder Highway. Title: Gmina Włodawa Passage: Gmina Włodawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus and Ukraine. Its seat is the town of Włodawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina. Title: Coloane Park Passage: Coloane Park is a large park located on the southern section of Coloane Island in the former Portuguese colony of Macau, now a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.	[ "Greengate, Greater Manchester", "Broadhurst Park" ]
2hop__657913_88628	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Granger is a city in Williamson County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,419 at the 2010 census. Granger was the site for the 2010 remake of the movie True Grit, as well as an episode of the NBC drama Revolution.", "title": "Granger, Texas" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The .700 Nitro Express (17.8×89mmR) is a big game rifle cartridge made by Holland & Holland, London, England. It was developed in 1988 by Jim Bell and William Feldstein and built by H&H. Feldstein had tried unsuccessfully to get H&H to build a .600 Nitro Express for him, but they had already ceased production. However, when Bell and Feldstein produced the entirely new .700 Nitro Express cartridge, they were able to attract the interest of H&H, which was looking for a new big-bore cartridge. After production began, the backlog of orders was so great that it continued to 2007 and H&H restarted the production of .600 Nitro Express guns.", "title": ".700 Nitro Express" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "True Grit is a 1969 American western film. It is the first film adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Marguerite Roberts. The film was directed by Henry Hathaway and starred Kim Darby as Mattie Ross and John Wayne as U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn. Wayne won his only Academy Award for his performance in this film and reprised his role for the 1975 sequel Rooster Cogburn.", "title": "True Grit (1969 film)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Emancipation of Mimi is the tenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey, released through Island Records on April 12, 2005. \"The Emancipation of Mimi\" was considered Carey's \"comeback album\" by critics and became her highest-selling release in the US in a decade. In composing the album, the singer collaborated with many songwriters and producers throughout 2004, including Jermaine Dupri, Snoop Dogg, Twista, Nelly, Pharrell Williams, and James \"Big Jim\" Wright, many of whom appeared as featured guests on select tracks.", "title": "The Emancipation of Mimi" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Celebrity Big Brother, also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition, is a spin - off series of the American reality television series Big Brother. This season aired during the winter of the 2017 -- 18 network television season on CBS and was the second U.S. Big Brother season to air outside the usual summer television season, the first being Big Brother 9 in 2008. Julie Chen returned as host, with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers. The season was produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America. The season premiered on February 7, 2018.", "title": "Celebrity Big Brother (American TV series)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Master Gunfighter is a film released in 1975 in Panavision, written and produced by Tom Laughlin, who also played the lead as Finley. \"The Master Gunfighter\" is mainly a remake of the 1969 Japanese film \"Goyokin\", although the story revolves around a true incident in the early 1800s involving massacred Indians that occurred in the vicinity of Goleta, California.", "title": "The Master Gunfighter" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rooster Cogburn is a 1975 American Western adventure film directed by Stuart Millar and starring John Wayne (in his penultimate film), reprising his role as U.S. Marshal Reuben J. \"Rooster\" Cogburn, and Katharine Hepburn. Written by Martha Hyer, based on the character Rooster Cogburn created by Charles McColl Portis in his 1968 western novel \"True Grit\", the film is about an aging one-eyed lawman whose badge was recently suspended for a string of routine arrests that ended in bloodshed. To earn back his badge, he is tasked with bringing down a ring of bank robbers that has hijacked a wagon shipment of nitroglycerin. He is helped by a spinster searching for her father's killer. \"Rooster Cogburn\" is a sequel to the 1969 film \"True Grit\".", "title": "Rooster Cogburn (film)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Up the Elephant and Round the Castle is a British television sitcom, which aired from 1983 to 1985, and was produced by Thames Television for the ITV network. Starring comedian Jim Davidson, who played the role of Jim London, the show spawned a sequel, \"Home James!\", which was also made by Thames. \"Home James\" ran from 1987 to 1990. \"Up the Elephant and Round the Castle\" also gave early exposure to Anita Dobson.", "title": "Up the Elephant and Round the Castle" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Things I Know To Be True is a theatre production produced by State Theatre Company South Australia and Frantic Assembly, directed by Geordie Brookman and Scott Graham. It was written by Andrew Bovell and features the music of Nils Frahm. The play is naturalistic but features a great use of non-naturalistic physical movement to emphasise the emotional connection between the characters - following the story of the Price Family and their problems. The play is set in Adelaide, Australia, which is where the play held its World Premiere in May 2016. It subsequently toured the United Kingdom twice.", "title": "Things I Know to Be True" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 2005 film The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, he is played as an adult by Jim Broadbent.", "title": "Digory Kirke" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Big Jim McLain is a 1952 political thriller film starring John Wayne and James Arness as HUAC investigators hunting down communists in the post-war Hawaii organized labor scene. Edward Ludwig directed.", "title": "Big Jim McLain" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After ``Normal ''aired, internet sources began to summarize the rules for True American, which the characters described as a mix of a drinking game and Candy Land where the floor is lava; it also involves shouting the names of American presidents. The idea of True American came from a New Girl writer who played a similar game in college. As she could not remember the game's exact rules, the writers focused on making the game as funny on the page as possible, but only established chanting`` JFK! FDR!'' and walking on chairs. As the cast did not understand the game during shooting, the writers created more rules on the spot, advised the actors to ``have fun, dig in, jump in ''and play it as if`` they'd been playing this thing for years and years and years.'' The high - energy feel of the game and the amounts of coverage made filming True American more challenging for the actors than normal episodes. Producers Dave Finkel, Brett Baer, and writer Luvh Rakhe, came up with most of the obscure American history facts, but much was cut from the finished episode. Fox subsequently released a set of official rules for the game, which can be summarized ``There are no real rules ''. The characters also played True American in`` Cooler'', the 15th episode of the second season, in ``Mars Landing '', the 20th episode of the third season and in`` Wedding Eve'' the 21st episode of the fifth season.", "title": "Normal (New Girl)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Reverend James McIntyre (1927 – December 10, 2005) was an American basketball player for the University of Minnesota from 1945–46 to 1948–49. A native of Minneapolis, Minnesota, he led Patrick Henry High School to two state championships before becoming a two-time consensus All-American at Minnesota. McIntyre is recognized as being the University of Minnesota's first true \"big man.\" Standing at and playing the center position, he was especially large for players of the late 1940s era. During his career, he was a two-time First Team All-Big Ten Conference and one-time Second Team All-Big Ten selection. McIntyre scored 1,223 points and had set a then-single season Minnesota scoring record of 360 points.", "title": "Jim McIntyre (basketball)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Liberals are descended from the mid-19th century Reformers who agitated for responsible government throughout British North America. These included George Brown, Robert Baldwin, William Lyon Mackenzie and the Clear Grits in Upper Canada, Joseph Howe in Nova Scotia, and the Patriotes and Rouges in Lower Canada led by figures such as Louis - Joseph Papineau. The Clear Grits and Parti rouge sometimes functioned as a united bloc in the legislature of the Province of Canada beginning in 1854, and a united Liberal Party combining both English and French Canadian members was formed in 1861.", "title": "History of the Liberal Party of Canada" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frank Ross (John Pickard) is murdered by his hired hand, Tom Chaney (Jeff Corey). Ross's young daughter, Mattie (Kim Darby), travels to Fort Smith, Arkansas, where she hires aging U.S. Marshal Reuben ``Rooster ''J. Cogburn (John Wayne) to bring Chaney in, raising his fee by shrewdly horse trading with Colonel Stonehill (Strother Martin). Mattie has heard that Cogburn has`` true grit.'' She gives him a payment to track and capture Chaney, who has taken up with outlaw ``Lucky ''Ned Pepper (Robert Duvall) in Indian Territory (modern - day Oklahoma).", "title": "True Grit (1969 film)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "True Colors is the second album by American pop singer Cyndi Lauper, released on September 15, 1986. The album produced several hits as \"True Colors\", \"Change of Heart\", and \"What's Going On\" reached the top twenty of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, with the first two becoming top 5 hits.", "title": "True Colors (Cyndi Lauper album)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jason Todd Deere (born December 19, 1968 in Enid, Oklahoma) is an American singer, songwriter and record producer. He has written memorable songs for acts like Lady Antebellum, Little Big Town, LeAnn Rimes, Jessica Simpson, Jim Brickman, SHeDAISY, Be Be Winans, Natalie Grant, Point of Grace, Wanessa Camargo, Leonardo, Luiza Possi, The Wreckers and he has a lengthy list of film, television and production credits.", "title": "Jason Deere" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Big Story is an American radio and television crime drama which dramatized the true stories of real-life newspaper reporters. The only continuing character was the narrator, Bob Sloane.", "title": "The Big Story (radio and TV series)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "CJXX-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 93.1 FM in Grande Prairie, Alberta. Owned by the Jim Pattison Broadcast Group, the station is branded as Big Country 93.1 and broadcasts a country music format.", "title": "CJXX-FM" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Emanuel \"Big Jim\" Ricca (October 8, 1927 – February 11, 2007) was a professional American football defensive tackle and guard for six seasons in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins, Philadelphia Eagles and Detroit Lions.", "title": "Jim Ricca" } ]	Who did the producer of Big Jim McLain play in True Grit?	U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn	[ "the US", "America", "U.S.", "United States", "US" ]	Title: True Grit (1969 film) Passage: True Grit is a 1969 American western film. It is the first film adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Marguerite Roberts. The film was directed by Henry Hathaway and starred Kim Darby as Mattie Ross and John Wayne as U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn. Wayne won his only Academy Award for his performance in this film and reprised his role for the 1975 sequel Rooster Cogburn. Title: Rooster Cogburn (film) Passage: Rooster Cogburn is a 1975 American Western adventure film directed by Stuart Millar and starring John Wayne (in his penultimate film), reprising his role as U.S. Marshal Reuben J. "Rooster" Cogburn, and Katharine Hepburn. Written by Martha Hyer, based on the character Rooster Cogburn created by Charles McColl Portis in his 1968 western novel "True Grit", the film is about an aging one-eyed lawman whose badge was recently suspended for a string of routine arrests that ended in bloodshed. To earn back his badge, he is tasked with bringing down a ring of bank robbers that has hijacked a wagon shipment of nitroglycerin. He is helped by a spinster searching for her father's killer. "Rooster Cogburn" is a sequel to the 1969 film "True Grit". Title: The Big Story (radio and TV series) Passage: The Big Story is an American radio and television crime drama which dramatized the true stories of real-life newspaper reporters. The only continuing character was the narrator, Bob Sloane. Title: Granger, Texas Passage: Granger is a city in Williamson County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,419 at the 2010 census. Granger was the site for the 2010 remake of the movie True Grit, as well as an episode of the NBC drama Revolution. Title: Jason Deere Passage: Jason Todd Deere (born December 19, 1968 in Enid, Oklahoma) is an American singer, songwriter and record producer. He has written memorable songs for acts like Lady Antebellum, Little Big Town, LeAnn Rimes, Jessica Simpson, Jim Brickman, SHeDAISY, Be Be Winans, Natalie Grant, Point of Grace, Wanessa Camargo, Leonardo, Luiza Possi, The Wreckers and he has a lengthy list of film, television and production credits. Title: History of the Liberal Party of Canada Passage: The Liberals are descended from the mid-19th century Reformers who agitated for responsible government throughout British North America. These included George Brown, Robert Baldwin, William Lyon Mackenzie and the Clear Grits in Upper Canada, Joseph Howe in Nova Scotia, and the Patriotes and Rouges in Lower Canada led by figures such as Louis - Joseph Papineau. The Clear Grits and Parti rouge sometimes functioned as a united bloc in the legislature of the Province of Canada beginning in 1854, and a united Liberal Party combining both English and French Canadian members was formed in 1861. Title: Digory Kirke Passage: In the 2005 film The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, he is played as an adult by Jim Broadbent. Title: Jim Ricca Passage: James Emanuel "Big Jim" Ricca (October 8, 1927 – February 11, 2007) was a professional American football defensive tackle and guard for six seasons in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins, Philadelphia Eagles and Detroit Lions. Title: The Emancipation of Mimi Passage: The Emancipation of Mimi is the tenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey, released through Island Records on April 12, 2005. "The Emancipation of Mimi" was considered Carey's "comeback album" by critics and became her highest-selling release in the US in a decade. In composing the album, the singer collaborated with many songwriters and producers throughout 2004, including Jermaine Dupri, Snoop Dogg, Twista, Nelly, Pharrell Williams, and James "Big Jim" Wright, many of whom appeared as featured guests on select tracks. Title: Big Jim McLain Passage: Big Jim McLain is a 1952 political thriller film starring John Wayne and James Arness as HUAC investigators hunting down communists in the post-war Hawaii organized labor scene. Edward Ludwig directed. Title: Normal (New Girl) Passage: After ``Normal ''aired, internet sources began to summarize the rules for True American, which the characters described as a mix of a drinking game and Candy Land where the floor is lava; it also involves shouting the names of American presidents. The idea of True American came from a New Girl writer who played a similar game in college. As she could not remember the game's exact rules, the writers focused on making the game as funny on the page as possible, but only established chanting`` JFK! FDR!'' and walking on chairs. As the cast did not understand the game during shooting, the writers created more rules on the spot, advised the actors to ``have fun, dig in, jump in ''and play it as if`` they'd been playing this thing for years and years and years.'' The high - energy feel of the game and the amounts of coverage made filming True American more challenging for the actors than normal episodes. Producers Dave Finkel, Brett Baer, and writer Luvh Rakhe, came up with most of the obscure American history facts, but much was cut from the finished episode. Fox subsequently released a set of official rules for the game, which can be summarized ``There are no real rules ''. The characters also played True American in`` Cooler'', the 15th episode of the second season, in ``Mars Landing '', the 20th episode of the third season and in`` Wedding Eve'' the 21st episode of the fifth season. Title: CJXX-FM Passage: CJXX-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 93.1 FM in Grande Prairie, Alberta. Owned by the Jim Pattison Broadcast Group, the station is branded as Big Country 93.1 and broadcasts a country music format. Title: Up the Elephant and Round the Castle Passage: Up the Elephant and Round the Castle is a British television sitcom, which aired from 1983 to 1985, and was produced by Thames Television for the ITV network. Starring comedian Jim Davidson, who played the role of Jim London, the show spawned a sequel, "Home James!", which was also made by Thames. "Home James" ran from 1987 to 1990. "Up the Elephant and Round the Castle" also gave early exposure to Anita Dobson. Title: The Master Gunfighter Passage: The Master Gunfighter is a film released in 1975 in Panavision, written and produced by Tom Laughlin, who also played the lead as Finley. "The Master Gunfighter" is mainly a remake of the 1969 Japanese film "Goyokin", although the story revolves around a true incident in the early 1800s involving massacred Indians that occurred in the vicinity of Goleta, California. Title: .700 Nitro Express Passage: The .700 Nitro Express (17.8×89mmR) is a big game rifle cartridge made by Holland & Holland, London, England. It was developed in 1988 by Jim Bell and William Feldstein and built by H&H. Feldstein had tried unsuccessfully to get H&H to build a .600 Nitro Express for him, but they had already ceased production. However, when Bell and Feldstein produced the entirely new .700 Nitro Express cartridge, they were able to attract the interest of H&H, which was looking for a new big-bore cartridge. After production began, the backlog of orders was so great that it continued to 2007 and H&H restarted the production of .600 Nitro Express guns. Title: True Colors (Cyndi Lauper album) Passage: True Colors is the second album by American pop singer Cyndi Lauper, released on September 15, 1986. The album produced several hits as "True Colors", "Change of Heart", and "What's Going On" reached the top twenty of the "Billboard" Hot 100, with the first two becoming top 5 hits. Title: Things I Know to Be True Passage: Things I Know To Be True is a theatre production produced by State Theatre Company South Australia and Frantic Assembly, directed by Geordie Brookman and Scott Graham. It was written by Andrew Bovell and features the music of Nils Frahm. The play is naturalistic but features a great use of non-naturalistic physical movement to emphasise the emotional connection between the characters - following the story of the Price Family and their problems. The play is set in Adelaide, Australia, which is where the play held its World Premiere in May 2016. It subsequently toured the United Kingdom twice. Title: Jim McIntyre (basketball) Passage: Reverend James McIntyre (1927 – December 10, 2005) was an American basketball player for the University of Minnesota from 1945–46 to 1948–49. A native of Minneapolis, Minnesota, he led Patrick Henry High School to two state championships before becoming a two-time consensus All-American at Minnesota. McIntyre is recognized as being the University of Minnesota's first true "big man." Standing at and playing the center position, he was especially large for players of the late 1940s era. During his career, he was a two-time First Team All-Big Ten Conference and one-time Second Team All-Big Ten selection. McIntyre scored 1,223 points and had set a then-single season Minnesota scoring record of 360 points. Title: Celebrity Big Brother (American TV series) Passage: Celebrity Big Brother, also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition, is a spin - off series of the American reality television series Big Brother. This season aired during the winter of the 2017 -- 18 network television season on CBS and was the second U.S. Big Brother season to air outside the usual summer television season, the first being Big Brother 9 in 2008. Julie Chen returned as host, with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers. The season was produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America. The season premiered on February 7, 2018. Title: True Grit (1969 film) Passage: Frank Ross (John Pickard) is murdered by his hired hand, Tom Chaney (Jeff Corey). Ross's young daughter, Mattie (Kim Darby), travels to Fort Smith, Arkansas, where she hires aging U.S. Marshal Reuben ``Rooster ''J. Cogburn (John Wayne) to bring Chaney in, raising his fee by shrewdly horse trading with Colonel Stonehill (Strother Martin). Mattie has heard that Cogburn has`` true grit.'' She gives him a payment to track and capture Chaney, who has taken up with outlaw ``Lucky ''Ned Pepper (Robert Duvall) in Indian Territory (modern - day Oklahoma).	[ "True Grit (1969 film)", "Big Jim McLain" ]
2hop__256336_714772	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "White Queen Alice character Alice and the White Queen. Art by John Tenniel (1865) First appearance Through the Looking - Glass Created by Lewis Carroll Portrayed by Anne Hathaway (Alice in Wonderland, Alice Through the Looking Glass) Emma Rigby (Once Upon a Time in Wonderland) Information Species Human Gender Female Occupation Queen Spouse (s) White King Children Lily (a pawn) Nationality Looking - Glass Land", "title": "White Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In November 2014, development was underway, and Armie Hammer joined the cast. By April 2015, Aja Naomi King and Gabrielle Union joined the cast. In subsequent months, Penelope Ann Miller, Jackie Earle Haley, and Mark Boone Junior also joined. Filming took place in Georgia in May 2015 and lasted 27 days. Parker used the a cappella choir from Wiley College on the soundtrack. Parker had previously been part of a cast that portrayed historical figures from Wiley, in The Great Debaters.", "title": "The Birth of a Nation (2016 film)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pet Sematary (sometimes referred to as Stephen King's Pet Sematary) is a 1989 American horror film adaptation of Stephen King's novel of the same name. Directed by Mary Lambert and written by King, the film features Dale Midkiff as Louis Creed, Denise Crosby as Rachel Creed, Blaze Berdahl as Ellie Creed, Miko Hughes as Gage Creed, and Fred Gwynne as Jud Crandall. Andrew Hubatsek was cast for Zelda's role. King, who scripted from his own book, also has a cameo as a minister.", "title": "Pet Sematary (disambiguation)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Catherine Jagiellon was born in Kraków as the youngest daughter of King Sigismund I the Old of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and his wife Bona Sforza of Milan. Catherine became the spouse of King John III of Sweden and mother of the future Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland. After the death of her father in 1548, she and her sisters Anna and Sophia moved to Masovia with their mother. After their mother's departure to Italy in 1558, they lived there alone. The sisters were not close to their brother Sigismund II Augustus of Poland. Catherine could reportedly speak Italian and Latin, and was described as more attractive than Anna, and most marriage suggestions were directed toward her.", "title": "Catherine Jagiellon" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Margareta Eriksdotter Vasa (1497 – 31 December 1536), also called \"Margareta Vasa\" and \"Margareta of Hoya\", was a Swedish noblewoman, sister of king Gustav I of Sweden. Between 1525 and 1534, she commanded Vyborg Castle on several occasions during the absence of her spouse.", "title": "Margareta Eriksdotter Vasa" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Esther Queen of Persia Queen Esther (1879) by Edwin Long Queen of Persia Reign c. 479 -- c. 465 BC Coronation c. 479 Predecessor Vashti Hadassah c. 492 BC Achaemenid Empire Burial Hamadan, Iran Spouse King Xerxes I of Persia House Persia Father Abihail (biological), Mordecai (adoptive) Religion Judaism", "title": "Esther" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tina Cole (born August 4, 1943) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Katie Miller Douglas on the 1960s sitcom My Three Sons (1967 -- 72), but she previously had a recurring role as Sunny Day in the detective series Hawaiian Eye (1963). She was also a member of the Four King Cousins, a subgroup of the King Family Singers. In 1963 she played the minor (uncredited) role of Ruth Stewart in Palm Springs Weekend, a spring break party film set in Palm Springs, California. She also appeared previously in My Three Sons as a friend of Robby cast in the role of Joanne, before the Katie role was created circa 1966.", "title": "Tina Cole" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joes Mountain is a mountain in York County in the state of South Carolina. The summit of Joes Mountain is at an elevation of 1,027 feet (313 meters) above sea level. The mountain is one of the three main mountain summits of Kings Mountain National Military Park. The other mountain summits are Brown's Mountain and Kings Mountain.", "title": "Joes Mountain (South Carolina)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Han-era family was patrilineal and typically had four to five nuclear family members living in one household. Multiple generations of extended family members did not occupy the same house, unlike families of later dynasties. According to Confucian family norms, various family members were treated with different levels of respect and intimacy. For example, there were different accepted time frames for mourning the death of a father versus a paternal uncle. Arranged marriages were normal, with the father's input on his offspring's spouse being considered more important than the mother's. Monogamous marriages were also normal, although nobles and high officials were wealthy enough to afford and support concubines as additional lovers. Under certain conditions dictated by custom, not law, both men and women were able to divorce their spouses and remarry.", "title": "Han dynasty" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Harry Loves Lisa is an American reality television series on TV Land starring Harry Hamlin and Lisa Rinna, a married couple. The series follows the couple and their two preteen daughters as they live a hectic Hollywood lifestyle.", "title": "Harry Loves Lisa" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It additionally places emphasis on their brother Rob Kardashian, their mother Kris Jenner, their step - parent Bruce Jenner (now known as Caitlyn Jenner), their half - sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner, and Kourtney's now ex-boyfriend, Scott Disick. Khloé's ex-husband Lamar Odom developed a major position as part of the supporting cast in the fourth season, though he was not a regular cast member in following seasons, and rarely appeared in season eight while attempting to fix his marriage with Khloé. Along in season seven Kanye West became a recurring cast members after dating Kim then marrying her in season nine. In seasons eight and nine, Caitlyn's children Brody and Brandon, and Brandon's wife, Leah became recurring cast members.", "title": "List of Keeping Up with the Kardashians episodes" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The sixth season of ``Basketball Wives LA ''was confirmed by VH1 with a premiere date of April 17, 2017. Filming started in October 2016 and Evelyn Lozada a former cast member of Basketball Wives has confirmed her return on social media and via The Real where she severed as a guest host for a week. Jennifer Williams also a former cast member of Basketball Wives has been spotted filming with cast member Tami Roman. Also this season four newbies Aja Metoyer, Keonna Green, Bonnie - Jill Laflil, and Evelyn Lozada taking on the main cast replacing departing cast members Angel Brinks, LaTosha Duffey, Angel Love.", "title": "Basketball Wives LA" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as Francis on Malcolm in the Middle. He is the younger brother of That '70s Show cast member Danny Masterson, older brother of The Walking Dead cast member Alanna Masterson, and older brother of Last Man Standing cast member Jordan Masterson.", "title": "Christopher Masterson" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Simba The Lion King character Simba as he appears as a cub in the first film First appearance The Lion King (1994) Created by Irene Mecchi Jonathan Roberts Linda Woolverton Voiced by Matthew Broderick (adult, in 3 films) Jonathan Taylor Thomas (cub) Joseph Williams (singing, adult) Jason Weaver (singing, cub) Matt Weinberg (cub in The Lion King 11⁄2) Cam Clarke (various sequels and merchandise) Rob Lowe (The Lion Guard) Donald Glover (adult in The Lion King (2019 film) JD McCrary (cub in The Lion King (2019 film) Information Species Lion Gender Male Family Mufasa (father, deceased) Sarabi (mother) Bunga (adoptive brother) Sarafina (mother - in - law) Kovu (son - in - law) Spouse (s) Nala (wife) Children Kopa (son) Kiara (daughter) Kion (son) Relatives Scar (uncle, deceased)", "title": "Simba" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Young and the Restless is an American television soap opera, created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. It first aired on March 26, 1973. The longest - running current cast member is Doug Davidson, who has portrayed private investigator Paul Williams since May 23, 1978. Jeanne Cooper, who portrayed the soap opera's matriarch Katherine Chancellor, holds the record for the series' longest - running cast member, airing from November 1973 until her death in May 2013. Melody Thomas Scott and Eric Braeden, who portray Nikki and Victor Newman, are the second and third longest - running cast members, having joined in February 1979 and February 1980, respectively. Kate Linder has portrayed Esther Valentine since April 1982, and rounds out the series' top four longest - running cast members. The following list is of cast members who are currently on the show: both main and recurring members, as well as those who are debuting, departing or returning from the series.", "title": "List of The Young and the Restless cast members" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was set up in August 1978 with Bhola Paswan Shastri as Chairman and other four Members. In 1990 the Commission for SCs and STs was renamed as the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes were formed as per 1987 and it was set up as a National Level Advisory Body to advise the Government on broad policy issues and levels of development of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.", "title": "National Commission for Scheduled Castes" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi (29 January 1873 – 18 March 1933) was an Italian mountaineer and explorer, briefly Infante of Spain as son of Amadeo I of Spain, member of the royal House of Savoy and cousin of the Italian King Victor Emmanuel III. He is known for his Arctic explorations and for his mountaineering expeditions, particularly to Mount Saint Elias (Alaska–Yukon) and K2 (Pakistan–China). He also served as an Italian admiral during World War I.", "title": "Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George Wickham Gender Male Occupation Officer in Colonel Forster's regiment. Income Less than 100 pounds a year. Family Spouse (s) Lydia Bennet Romantic interest (s) Georgiana Darcy Elizabeth Bennet Mary King", "title": "George Wickham" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The film's primary focus is Steve (Harry Hamlin), who has found himself generally content with his uncomplicated life of working and racing. This creates some amount of tension between him and his friends, who have been losing their interest in racing and have been attempting to make serious inroads in the music industry. Steve's blossoming relationship with singer Tina (Deborah Van Valkenburgh) causes him to re-think his mantra, as he realizes that a truly fulfilling life involves more than just work and play.", "title": "King of the Mountain (film)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mons Ardeshir is one of the mountains on the Moon, inside crater King. Its diameter is 8 km. In 1976 it was named after Persian male name Ardeshir.", "title": "Mons Ardeshir" } ]	Who is the spouse of a cast member from King of the Mountain?	Lisa Rinna	[]	Title: List of The Young and the Restless cast members Passage: The Young and the Restless is an American television soap opera, created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. It first aired on March 26, 1973. The longest - running current cast member is Doug Davidson, who has portrayed private investigator Paul Williams since May 23, 1978. Jeanne Cooper, who portrayed the soap opera's matriarch Katherine Chancellor, holds the record for the series' longest - running cast member, airing from November 1973 until her death in May 2013. Melody Thomas Scott and Eric Braeden, who portray Nikki and Victor Newman, are the second and third longest - running cast members, having joined in February 1979 and February 1980, respectively. Kate Linder has portrayed Esther Valentine since April 1982, and rounds out the series' top four longest - running cast members. The following list is of cast members who are currently on the show: both main and recurring members, as well as those who are debuting, departing or returning from the series. Title: White Queen (Through the Looking-Glass) Passage: White Queen Alice character Alice and the White Queen. Art by John Tenniel (1865) First appearance Through the Looking - Glass Created by Lewis Carroll Portrayed by Anne Hathaway (Alice in Wonderland, Alice Through the Looking Glass) Emma Rigby (Once Upon a Time in Wonderland) Information Species Human Gender Female Occupation Queen Spouse (s) White King Children Lily (a pawn) Nationality Looking - Glass Land Title: Margareta Eriksdotter Vasa Passage: Margareta Eriksdotter Vasa (1497 – 31 December 1536), also called "Margareta Vasa" and "Margareta of Hoya", was a Swedish noblewoman, sister of king Gustav I of Sweden. Between 1525 and 1534, she commanded Vyborg Castle on several occasions during the absence of her spouse. Title: National Commission for Scheduled Castes Passage: The first Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was set up in August 1978 with Bhola Paswan Shastri as Chairman and other four Members. In 1990 the Commission for SCs and STs was renamed as the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes were formed as per 1987 and it was set up as a National Level Advisory Body to advise the Government on broad policy issues and levels of development of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Title: Catherine Jagiellon Passage: Catherine Jagiellon was born in Kraków as the youngest daughter of King Sigismund I the Old of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and his wife Bona Sforza of Milan. Catherine became the spouse of King John III of Sweden and mother of the future Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland. After the death of her father in 1548, she and her sisters Anna and Sophia moved to Masovia with their mother. After their mother's departure to Italy in 1558, they lived there alone. The sisters were not close to their brother Sigismund II Augustus of Poland. Catherine could reportedly speak Italian and Latin, and was described as more attractive than Anna, and most marriage suggestions were directed toward her. Title: List of Keeping Up with the Kardashians episodes Passage: It additionally places emphasis on their brother Rob Kardashian, their mother Kris Jenner, their step - parent Bruce Jenner (now known as Caitlyn Jenner), their half - sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner, and Kourtney's now ex-boyfriend, Scott Disick. Khloé's ex-husband Lamar Odom developed a major position as part of the supporting cast in the fourth season, though he was not a regular cast member in following seasons, and rarely appeared in season eight while attempting to fix his marriage with Khloé. Along in season seven Kanye West became a recurring cast members after dating Kim then marrying her in season nine. In seasons eight and nine, Caitlyn's children Brody and Brandon, and Brandon's wife, Leah became recurring cast members. Title: King of the Mountain (film) Passage: The film's primary focus is Steve (Harry Hamlin), who has found himself generally content with his uncomplicated life of working and racing. This creates some amount of tension between him and his friends, who have been losing their interest in racing and have been attempting to make serious inroads in the music industry. Steve's blossoming relationship with singer Tina (Deborah Van Valkenburgh) causes him to re-think his mantra, as he realizes that a truly fulfilling life involves more than just work and play. Title: Tina Cole Passage: Tina Cole (born August 4, 1943) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Katie Miller Douglas on the 1960s sitcom My Three Sons (1967 -- 72), but she previously had a recurring role as Sunny Day in the detective series Hawaiian Eye (1963). She was also a member of the Four King Cousins, a subgroup of the King Family Singers. In 1963 she played the minor (uncredited) role of Ruth Stewart in Palm Springs Weekend, a spring break party film set in Palm Springs, California. She also appeared previously in My Three Sons as a friend of Robby cast in the role of Joanne, before the Katie role was created circa 1966. Title: Pet Sematary (disambiguation) Passage: Pet Sematary (sometimes referred to as Stephen King's Pet Sematary) is a 1989 American horror film adaptation of Stephen King's novel of the same name. Directed by Mary Lambert and written by King, the film features Dale Midkiff as Louis Creed, Denise Crosby as Rachel Creed, Blaze Berdahl as Ellie Creed, Miko Hughes as Gage Creed, and Fred Gwynne as Jud Crandall. Andrew Hubatsek was cast for Zelda's role. King, who scripted from his own book, also has a cameo as a minister. Title: Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi Passage: Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi (29 January 1873 – 18 March 1933) was an Italian mountaineer and explorer, briefly Infante of Spain as son of Amadeo I of Spain, member of the royal House of Savoy and cousin of the Italian King Victor Emmanuel III. He is known for his Arctic explorations and for his mountaineering expeditions, particularly to Mount Saint Elias (Alaska–Yukon) and K2 (Pakistan–China). He also served as an Italian admiral during World War I. Title: Han dynasty Passage: The Han-era family was patrilineal and typically had four to five nuclear family members living in one household. Multiple generations of extended family members did not occupy the same house, unlike families of later dynasties. According to Confucian family norms, various family members were treated with different levels of respect and intimacy. For example, there were different accepted time frames for mourning the death of a father versus a paternal uncle. Arranged marriages were normal, with the father's input on his offspring's spouse being considered more important than the mother's. Monogamous marriages were also normal, although nobles and high officials were wealthy enough to afford and support concubines as additional lovers. Under certain conditions dictated by custom, not law, both men and women were able to divorce their spouses and remarry. Title: Mons Ardeshir Passage: Mons Ardeshir is one of the mountains on the Moon, inside crater King. Its diameter is 8 km. In 1976 it was named after Persian male name Ardeshir. Title: Harry Loves Lisa Passage: Harry Loves Lisa is an American reality television series on TV Land starring Harry Hamlin and Lisa Rinna, a married couple. The series follows the couple and their two preteen daughters as they live a hectic Hollywood lifestyle. Title: George Wickham Passage: George Wickham Gender Male Occupation Officer in Colonel Forster's regiment. Income Less than 100 pounds a year. Family Spouse (s) Lydia Bennet Romantic interest (s) Georgiana Darcy Elizabeth Bennet Mary King Title: Simba Passage: Simba The Lion King character Simba as he appears as a cub in the first film First appearance The Lion King (1994) Created by Irene Mecchi Jonathan Roberts Linda Woolverton Voiced by Matthew Broderick (adult, in 3 films) Jonathan Taylor Thomas (cub) Joseph Williams (singing, adult) Jason Weaver (singing, cub) Matt Weinberg (cub in The Lion King 11⁄2) Cam Clarke (various sequels and merchandise) Rob Lowe (The Lion Guard) Donald Glover (adult in The Lion King (2019 film) JD McCrary (cub in The Lion King (2019 film) Information Species Lion Gender Male Family Mufasa (father, deceased) Sarabi (mother) Bunga (adoptive brother) Sarafina (mother - in - law) Kovu (son - in - law) Spouse (s) Nala (wife) Children Kopa (son) Kiara (daughter) Kion (son) Relatives Scar (uncle, deceased) Title: The Birth of a Nation (2016 film) Passage: In November 2014, development was underway, and Armie Hammer joined the cast. By April 2015, Aja Naomi King and Gabrielle Union joined the cast. In subsequent months, Penelope Ann Miller, Jackie Earle Haley, and Mark Boone Junior also joined. Filming took place in Georgia in May 2015 and lasted 27 days. Parker used the a cappella choir from Wiley College on the soundtrack. Parker had previously been part of a cast that portrayed historical figures from Wiley, in The Great Debaters. Title: Esther Passage: Esther Queen of Persia Queen Esther (1879) by Edwin Long Queen of Persia Reign c. 479 -- c. 465 BC Coronation c. 479 Predecessor Vashti Hadassah c. 492 BC Achaemenid Empire Burial Hamadan, Iran Spouse King Xerxes I of Persia House Persia Father Abihail (biological), Mordecai (adoptive) Religion Judaism Title: Christopher Masterson Passage: Christopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as Francis on Malcolm in the Middle. He is the younger brother of That '70s Show cast member Danny Masterson, older brother of The Walking Dead cast member Alanna Masterson, and older brother of Last Man Standing cast member Jordan Masterson. Title: Joes Mountain (South Carolina) Passage: Joes Mountain is a mountain in York County in the state of South Carolina. The summit of Joes Mountain is at an elevation of 1,027 feet (313 meters) above sea level. The mountain is one of the three main mountain summits of Kings Mountain National Military Park. The other mountain summits are Brown's Mountain and Kings Mountain. Title: Basketball Wives LA Passage: The sixth season of ``Basketball Wives LA ''was confirmed by VH1 with a premiere date of April 17, 2017. Filming started in October 2016 and Evelyn Lozada a former cast member of Basketball Wives has confirmed her return on social media and via The Real where she severed as a guest host for a week. Jennifer Williams also a former cast member of Basketball Wives has been spotted filming with cast member Tami Roman. Also this season four newbies Aja Metoyer, Keonna Green, Bonnie - Jill Laflil, and Evelyn Lozada taking on the main cast replacing departing cast members Angel Brinks, LaTosha Duffey, Angel Love.	[ "Harry Loves Lisa", "King of the Mountain (film)" ]
2hop__6745_6731	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some forms of Greek before the Koine Greek period are reconstructed as having aspirated stops. The Classical Attic dialect of Ancient Greek had a three-way distinction in stops like Eastern Armenian: /t tʰ d/. These stops were called ψιλά, δασέα, μέσα \"thin, thick, middle\" by Koine Greek grammarians.", "title": "Aspirated consonant" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the end of the decade a distinct genre of hard rock was emerging with bands like Led Zeppelin, who mixed the music of early rock bands with a more hard-edged form of blues rock and acid rock on their first two albums Led Zeppelin (1969) and Led Zeppelin II (1969), and Deep Purple, who began as a progressive rock group but achieved their commercial breakthrough with their fourth and distinctively heavier album, In Rock (1970). Also significant was Black Sabbath's Paranoid (1970), which combined guitar riffs with dissonance and more explicit references to the occult and elements of Gothic horror. All three of these bands have been seen as pivotal in the development of heavy metal, but where metal further accentuated the intensity of the music, with bands like Judas Priest following Sabbath's lead into territory that was often \"darker and more menacing\", hard rock tended to continue to remain the more exuberant, good-time music.", "title": "Hard rock" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further reduction or vowel harmony in some cases.", "title": "Catalan language" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separate not only from standard Italian but also the wider Italo-Dalmatian family, and it includes the Campidanese Sardinian and Logudorese Sardinian variants. However, Gallurese, Sassarese, and Corsican are also spoken in Sardinia, and these languages are considered closely related or derived from the Italian Tuscan language and thus are Italo-Dalmatian languages. Furthermore, the Gallo-Romance language of Ligurian and the Catalan Algherese dialect are also spoken in Sardinia.", "title": "Dialect" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Central Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. The other dialects have different vowel reduction processes (see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article).", "title": "Catalan language" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Catalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the pair /ɛ e/.", "title": "Catalan language" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Like most Slavic languages, there are mostly three genders for nouns: masculine, feminine, and neuter, a distinction which is still present even in the plural (unlike Russian and, in part, the Čakavian dialect). They also have two numbers: singular and plural. However, some consider there to be three numbers (paucal or dual, too), since (still preserved in closely related Slovene) after two (dva, dvije/dve), three (tri) and four (četiri), and all numbers ending in them (e.g. twenty-two, ninety-three, one hundred four) the genitive singular is used, and after all other numbers five (pet) and up, the genitive plural is used. (The number one [jedan] is treated as an adjective.) Adjectives are placed in front of the noun they modify and must agree in both case and number with it.", "title": "Serbo-Croatian" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The morphology of Catalan personal pronouns is complex, specially in unstressed forms, which are numerous (13 distinct forms, compared to 11 in Spanish or 9 in Italian). Features include the gender-neutral ho and the great degree of freedom when combining different unstressed pronouns (65 combinations).", "title": "Catalan language" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The languages have not undergone the deliberate highlighting of minor linguistic differences in the name of nationalism as has occurred in the Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian standards of Serbo-Croatian. However, most Slavic languages (including Czech) have been distanced in this way from Russian influences because of widespread public resentment against the former Soviet Union (which occupied Czechoslovakia in 1968). Czech and Slovak form a dialect continuum, with great similarity between neighboring Czech and Slovak dialects. (See \"Dialects\" below.)", "title": "Czech language" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greece is today relatively homogeneous in linguistic terms, with a large majority of the native population using Greek as their first or only language. Among the Greek-speaking population, speakers of the distinctive Pontic dialect came to Greece from Asia Minor after the Greek genocide and constitute a sizable group. The Cappadocian dialect came to Greece due to the genocide as well, but is endangered and is barely spoken now. Indigenous Greek dialects include the archaic Greek spoken by the Sarakatsani, traditionally transhument mountain shepherds of Greek Macedonia and other parts of Northern Greece. The Tsakonian language, a distinct Greek language deriving from Doric Greek instead of Ionic Greek, is still spoken in some villages in the southeastern Peloponnese.", "title": "Greece" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Valencian is classified as a Western dialect, along with the northwestern varieties spoken in Western Catalonia (provinces of Lleida and the western half of Tarragona). The various forms of Catalan and Valencian are mutually intelligible (ranging from 90% to 95%)", "title": "Catalan language" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Western Catalan comprises the two dialects of Northwestern Catalan and Valencian; the Eastern block comprises four dialects: Central Catalan, Balearic, Rossellonese, and Alguerese. Each dialect can be further subdivided in several subdialects.", "title": "Catalan language" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chukotkan (Chukotian, Chukotic) is a dialect cluster that forms one branch of the Chukotko-Kamchatkan language family. It is spoken in two autonomous regions at the extreme northeast of Russia, bounded on the east by the Pacific and on the north by the Arctic.", "title": "Chukotkan languages" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: /a e ɛ/ follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however /o ɔ/ reduce to [o], with /u/ remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan.", "title": "Catalan language" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Uranium carbides and uranium nitrides are both relatively inert semimetallic compounds that are minimally soluble in acids, react with water, and can ignite in air to form U\n3O\n8. Carbides of uranium include uranium monocarbide (UC), uranium dicarbide (UC\n2), and diuranium tricarbide (U\n2C\n3). Both UC and UC\n2 are formed by adding carbon to molten uranium or by exposing the metal to carbon monoxide at high temperatures. Stable below 1800 °C, U\n2C\n3 is prepared by subjecting a heated mixture of UC and UC\n2 to mechanical stress. Uranium nitrides obtained by direct exposure of the metal to nitrogen include uranium mononitride (UN), uranium dinitride (UN\n2), and diuranium trinitride (U\n2N\n3).", "title": "Uranium" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Modern Nationalism, as developed especially since the French Revolution, has made the distinction between \"language\" and \"dialect\" an issue of great political importance. A group speaking a separate \"language\" is often seen as having a greater claim to being a separate \"people\", and thus to be more deserving of its own independent state, while a group speaking a \"dialect\" tends to be seen not as \"a people\" in its own right, but as a sub-group, part of a bigger people, which must content itself with regional autonomy.[citation needed] The distinction between language and dialect is thus inevitably made at least as much on a political basis as on a linguistic one, and can lead to great political controversy, or even armed conflict.", "title": "Dialect" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The dialects of the Catalan language feature a relative uniformity, especially when compared to other Romance languages; both in terms of vocabulary, semantics, syntax, morphology, and phonology. Mutual intelligibility between dialects is very high, estimates ranging from 90% to 95%. The only exception is the isolated idiosyncratic Alguerese dialect.", "title": "Catalan language" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In its classical and modern forms, the alphabet has 24 letters, ordered from alpha to omega. Like Latin and Cyrillic, Greek originally had only a single form of each letter; it developed the letter case distinction between uppercase and lowercase forms in parallel with Latin during the modern era.", "title": "Greek alphabet" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a].", "title": "Catalan language" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.", "title": "Estonian language" } ]	What two dialects does the /u/ remaining distinct in this form of Catalan include?	Northwestern Catalan and Valencian	[]	Title: Aspirated consonant Passage: Some forms of Greek before the Koine Greek period are reconstructed as having aspirated stops. The Classical Attic dialect of Ancient Greek had a three-way distinction in stops like Eastern Armenian: /t tʰ d/. These stops were called ψιλά, δασέα, μέσα "thin, thick, middle" by Koine Greek grammarians. Title: Greece Passage: Greece is today relatively homogeneous in linguistic terms, with a large majority of the native population using Greek as their first or only language. Among the Greek-speaking population, speakers of the distinctive Pontic dialect came to Greece from Asia Minor after the Greek genocide and constitute a sizable group. The Cappadocian dialect came to Greece due to the genocide as well, but is endangered and is barely spoken now. Indigenous Greek dialects include the archaic Greek spoken by the Sarakatsani, traditionally transhument mountain shepherds of Greek Macedonia and other parts of Northern Greece. The Tsakonian language, a distinct Greek language deriving from Doric Greek instead of Ionic Greek, is still spoken in some villages in the southeastern Peloponnese. Title: Catalan language Passage: In Central Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. The other dialects have different vowel reduction processes (see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article). Title: Catalan language Passage: Catalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the pair /ɛ e/. Title: Catalan language Passage: Valencian is classified as a Western dialect, along with the northwestern varieties spoken in Western Catalonia (provinces of Lleida and the western half of Tarragona). The various forms of Catalan and Valencian are mutually intelligible (ranging from 90% to 95%) Title: Dialect Passage: The Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separate not only from standard Italian but also the wider Italo-Dalmatian family, and it includes the Campidanese Sardinian and Logudorese Sardinian variants. However, Gallurese, Sassarese, and Corsican are also spoken in Sardinia, and these languages are considered closely related or derived from the Italian Tuscan language and thus are Italo-Dalmatian languages. Furthermore, the Gallo-Romance language of Ligurian and the Catalan Algherese dialect are also spoken in Sardinia. Title: Greek alphabet Passage: In its classical and modern forms, the alphabet has 24 letters, ordered from alpha to omega. Like Latin and Cyrillic, Greek originally had only a single form of each letter; it developed the letter case distinction between uppercase and lowercase forms in parallel with Latin during the modern era. Title: Serbo-Croatian Passage: Like most Slavic languages, there are mostly three genders for nouns: masculine, feminine, and neuter, a distinction which is still present even in the plural (unlike Russian and, in part, the Čakavian dialect). They also have two numbers: singular and plural. However, some consider there to be three numbers (paucal or dual, too), since (still preserved in closely related Slovene) after two (dva, dvije/dve), three (tri) and four (četiri), and all numbers ending in them (e.g. twenty-two, ninety-three, one hundred four) the genitive singular is used, and after all other numbers five (pet) and up, the genitive plural is used. (The number one [jedan] is treated as an adjective.) Adjectives are placed in front of the noun they modify and must agree in both case and number with it. Title: Catalan language Passage: In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]. Title: Chukotkan languages Passage: Chukotkan (Chukotian, Chukotic) is a dialect cluster that forms one branch of the Chukotko-Kamchatkan language family. It is spoken in two autonomous regions at the extreme northeast of Russia, bounded on the east by the Pacific and on the north by the Arctic. Title: Uranium Passage: Uranium carbides and uranium nitrides are both relatively inert semimetallic compounds that are minimally soluble in acids, react with water, and can ignite in air to form U 3O 8. Carbides of uranium include uranium monocarbide (UC), uranium dicarbide (UC 2), and diuranium tricarbide (U 2C 3). Both UC and UC 2 are formed by adding carbon to molten uranium or by exposing the metal to carbon monoxide at high temperatures. Stable below 1800 °C, U 2C 3 is prepared by subjecting a heated mixture of UC and UC 2 to mechanical stress. Uranium nitrides obtained by direct exposure of the metal to nitrogen include uranium mononitride (UN), uranium dinitride (UN 2), and diuranium trinitride (U 2N 3). Title: Czech language Passage: The languages have not undergone the deliberate highlighting of minor linguistic differences in the name of nationalism as has occurred in the Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian standards of Serbo-Croatian. However, most Slavic languages (including Czech) have been distanced in this way from Russian influences because of widespread public resentment against the former Soviet Union (which occupied Czechoslovakia in 1968). Czech and Slovak form a dialect continuum, with great similarity between neighboring Czech and Slovak dialects. (See "Dialects" below.) Title: Estonian language Passage: The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia. Title: Hard rock Passage: By the end of the decade a distinct genre of hard rock was emerging with bands like Led Zeppelin, who mixed the music of early rock bands with a more hard-edged form of blues rock and acid rock on their first two albums Led Zeppelin (1969) and Led Zeppelin II (1969), and Deep Purple, who began as a progressive rock group but achieved their commercial breakthrough with their fourth and distinctively heavier album, In Rock (1970). Also significant was Black Sabbath's Paranoid (1970), which combined guitar riffs with dissonance and more explicit references to the occult and elements of Gothic horror. All three of these bands have been seen as pivotal in the development of heavy metal, but where metal further accentuated the intensity of the music, with bands like Judas Priest following Sabbath's lead into territory that was often "darker and more menacing", hard rock tended to continue to remain the more exuberant, good-time music. Title: Catalan language Passage: In Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: /a e ɛ/ follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however /o ɔ/ reduce to [o], with /u/ remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan. Title: Catalan language Passage: In Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further reduction or vowel harmony in some cases. Title: Catalan language Passage: Western Catalan comprises the two dialects of Northwestern Catalan and Valencian; the Eastern block comprises four dialects: Central Catalan, Balearic, Rossellonese, and Alguerese. Each dialect can be further subdivided in several subdialects. Title: Catalan language Passage: The dialects of the Catalan language feature a relative uniformity, especially when compared to other Romance languages; both in terms of vocabulary, semantics, syntax, morphology, and phonology. Mutual intelligibility between dialects is very high, estimates ranging from 90% to 95%. The only exception is the isolated idiosyncratic Alguerese dialect. Title: Dialect Passage: Modern Nationalism, as developed especially since the French Revolution, has made the distinction between "language" and "dialect" an issue of great political importance. A group speaking a separate "language" is often seen as having a greater claim to being a separate "people", and thus to be more deserving of its own independent state, while a group speaking a "dialect" tends to be seen not as "a people" in its own right, but as a sub-group, part of a bigger people, which must content itself with regional autonomy.[citation needed] The distinction between language and dialect is thus inevitably made at least as much on a political basis as on a linguistic one, and can lead to great political controversy, or even armed conflict. Title: Catalan language Passage: The morphology of Catalan personal pronouns is complex, specially in unstressed forms, which are numerous (13 distinct forms, compared to 11 in Spanish or 9 in Italian). Features include the gender-neutral ho and the great degree of freedom when combining different unstressed pronouns (65 combinations).	[ "Catalan language", "Catalan language" ]
2hop__518354_67465	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Day By Day is an album by gospel singer Yolanda Adams. The single \"Victory\" was featured in the movie \"The Gospel\". The single \"Be Blessed\" won a Grammy award for Best Gospel Performance. \"Someone Watching Over You\" was also released as a single, and a music video was released for \"This Too Shall Pass\" (a song originally recorded as a duet with Crystal Lewis on the 1996 compilation album \"Sisters: The Story Goes On\").", "title": "Day by Day (Yolanda Adams album)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Virgin now lives in Dublin, Ireland and continues to write, record and perform music solo and with his two sons Rohan Healy and Alex \"Al Quiff\" Healy, of The Dublin City Rounders, in the vintage, western swing and blues act David Virgin & The Stanley Knife Brothers. In November 2013, Virgin released a 23 song best-of album titled \"Three Decades of David Virgin\" through Beardfire Music and in January 2014 Virgin released solo album \"Boots 'N' Tooths\".", "title": "David Virgin" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hans Theessink (born 5 April 1948, Enschede, Netherlands) is a Dutch guitarist, mandolinist, singer and songwriter, living in Vienna, Austria. He performs blues and roots music, particularly in a Delta blues style. Theessink has released 20 albums, a songbook, a blues-guitar instruction video and a DVD.", "title": "Hans Theessink" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Iran has achieved a significant victory in London 2012 Olympics. Iranian Team has won 12 medals including 4 Gold Medals. This is the best performance of a Middle Eastern country ever in the history of Summer Olympics.", "title": "Sport in Iran" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Three-Day Reign (삼일천하 - \"Samil cheonha\") a.k.a. Three Days of Their Reign is a 1973 South Korean film directed by Shin Sang-ok. It was awarded Best Film at the Blue Dragon Film Awards ceremony. Actor Shin Young-kyun was also named Best Actor for his performance in the film.", "title": "The Three-Day Reign" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Blue Slide Park is the debut studio album by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released on November 8, 2011, by Rostrum Records. In July 2011, the title was announced, having been named after a section of Frick Park (which is known as \"Blue Slide Park\") in Pittsburgh. The park section is at the corner of Beechwood Blvd and Nicholson Street, which is just two blocks from Taylor Allderdice High School where Miller attended. The album cover was designed by his older brother Miller McCormick and Redtape Design.", "title": "Blue Slide Park" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Parisienne Walkways: The Blues Collection is a 2003 compilation album of containing performances of blues songs by the blues-rock guitarist and vocalist Gary Moore. It is a companion piece to \"Back on the Streets: The Rock Collection\", released at the same time.", "title": "Parisienne Walkways: The Blues Collection" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. This mixtape was released online March 11, 2011. Over 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream just prior to releasing the tape. The mixtape consists of 16 songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs).", "title": "Best Day Ever (mixtape)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened To Me ''Single by Ray Price from the album You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened To Me B - side`` What Kind of Love is This'' Released July 1973 (U.S.) Format 7 ''Recorded ca. May 1973 Genre Country Length 3: 50 Label Columbia 45889 Songwriter (s) Jim Weatherly Producer (s) Don Law Ray Price singles chronology ``She's Got to Be a Saint'' (1972)`` You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened To Me ''(1973) ``Storms of Troubled Times'' (1974)`` She's Got to Be a Saint ''(1972) ``You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me'' (1973)`` Storms of Troubled Times ''(1974)", "title": "You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver's Serenade is an album by jazz pianist Horace Silver released on the Blue Note label in 1963 featuring performances by Silver with Blue Mitchell, Junior Cook, Gene Taylor, and Roy Brooks.", "title": "Silver's Serenade" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grant's First Stand is the debut album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances by Green recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1961. Earlier recordings made by Green for Blue Note were released as \"First Session\" in 2001.", "title": "Grant's First Stand" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Something Personal is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967.", "title": "Something Personal" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Birch \"Crimson Slide\" Johnson is an American trombonist. He is a first call studio trombonist, Emmy nominated composer, producer and songwriter based in New York City. For 10 years, Birch was a member of the \"Blues Brothers Band\" and appeared, as an actor, in the movie \"Blues Brothers 2000\". He graduated from the University of Alabama, receiving the Bachelor of Music degree. At Alabama, he studied with noted jazz educator, Steve Sample, Sr. He subsequently attended Eastman School of Music, receiving the Master of Music degree, majoring in jazz performance.", "title": "Birch Johnson" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On and On and Beyond is the debut extended play by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released digitally on March 29, 2011. The tracks \"Another Night\", and \"Live Free\" were previously released on Mac Miller's 2009 mixtape \"The High Life\", while \"Life Ain't Easy\", and \"In the Air\" are taken from 2011's \"Best Day Ever\". The EP entered the US \"Billboard\" 200 on April 16 2011 at number 55 on the chart.", "title": "On and On and Beyond" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dan Brodie is an ARIA Award nominated musician, singer and songwriter from Melbourne, Australia, best known for his prolific solo career, during which he has released eight studio albums and three eps. Brodie has toured extensively in the US, UK, Scandinavia, France, Germany, Switzerland and Spain, and he has performed at iconic venues such as CBGBs in New York, The Exit/In in Nashville, The Continental in Austin and The Olympia in Paris. He has a reputation as a formidable live performer with acclaimed festival appearances at Splendour in the Grass, Homebake, Big Day Out, Byron Bay Bluesfest, SXSW, Darnius Festival in Spain and the Binic Folk Blues festival in France.", "title": "Dan Brodie" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The tune features an electric sitar solo by Denny Dias. The ``plastic organ ''solo by Donald Fagen was performed on a Yamaha YC - 30 with a sliding pitch - bending control.", "title": "Do It Again (Steely Dan song)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Voices in the Sky: The Best of The Moody Blues is a greatest hits compilation for The Moody Blues, released in 1984.", "title": "Voices in the Sky: The Best of The Moody Blues" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "These Days (The Virginia Sessions) is an album released by the Richmond, Virginia, based Pat McGee Band. It was produced by former keyboardist Todd Wright and was officially released at their July 6, 2007, concert at the Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts, though it had been available on compact disc and via digital download beginning July 1.", "title": "These Days (The Virginia Sessions)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Never Get Out of These Blues Alive is a studio album by American blues musician John Lee Hooker, released in 1972 by ABC Records and recorded from September 28 through September 29, 1971. The album features Van Morrison, Elvin Bishop, Charlie Musselwhite, and Steve Miller. The album was re-released in 1987 by See For Miles Records with four additional tracks from the same session, including two with Hooker's cousin Earl Hooker on slide guitar.", "title": "Never Get Out of These Blues Alive" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Multidirection is the second album by American jazz pianist Kenny Cox featuring performances recorded in 1969 and released on the Blue Note label. The album was reissued as bonus tracks with Cox's first Blue Note album \"Introducing Kenny Cox\".", "title": "Multidirection" } ]	When did the performer of Blue Slide Park release Best Day Ever?	March 11, 2011	[]	Title: The Three-Day Reign Passage: The Three-Day Reign (삼일천하 - "Samil cheonha") a.k.a. Three Days of Their Reign is a 1973 South Korean film directed by Shin Sang-ok. It was awarded Best Film at the Blue Dragon Film Awards ceremony. Actor Shin Young-kyun was also named Best Actor for his performance in the film. Title: Silver's Serenade Passage: Silver's Serenade is an album by jazz pianist Horace Silver released on the Blue Note label in 1963 featuring performances by Silver with Blue Mitchell, Junior Cook, Gene Taylor, and Roy Brooks. Title: Day by Day (Yolanda Adams album) Passage: Day By Day is an album by gospel singer Yolanda Adams. The single "Victory" was featured in the movie "The Gospel". The single "Be Blessed" won a Grammy award for Best Gospel Performance. "Someone Watching Over You" was also released as a single, and a music video was released for "This Too Shall Pass" (a song originally recorded as a duet with Crystal Lewis on the 1996 compilation album "Sisters: The Story Goes On"). Title: Parisienne Walkways: The Blues Collection Passage: Parisienne Walkways: The Blues Collection is a 2003 compilation album of containing performances of blues songs by the blues-rock guitarist and vocalist Gary Moore. It is a companion piece to "Back on the Streets: The Rock Collection", released at the same time. Title: Do It Again (Steely Dan song) Passage: The tune features an electric sitar solo by Denny Dias. The ``plastic organ ''solo by Donald Fagen was performed on a Yamaha YC - 30 with a sliding pitch - bending control. Title: On and On and Beyond Passage: On and On and Beyond is the debut extended play by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released digitally on March 29, 2011. The tracks "Another Night", and "Live Free" were previously released on Mac Miller's 2009 mixtape "The High Life", while "Life Ain't Easy", and "In the Air" are taken from 2011's "Best Day Ever". The EP entered the US "Billboard" 200 on April 16 2011 at number 55 on the chart. Title: Hans Theessink Passage: Hans Theessink (born 5 April 1948, Enschede, Netherlands) is a Dutch guitarist, mandolinist, singer and songwriter, living in Vienna, Austria. He performs blues and roots music, particularly in a Delta blues style. Theessink has released 20 albums, a songbook, a blues-guitar instruction video and a DVD. Title: Sport in Iran Passage: Iran has achieved a significant victory in London 2012 Olympics. Iranian Team has won 12 medals including 4 Gold Medals. This is the best performance of a Middle Eastern country ever in the history of Summer Olympics. Title: Dan Brodie Passage: Dan Brodie is an ARIA Award nominated musician, singer and songwriter from Melbourne, Australia, best known for his prolific solo career, during which he has released eight studio albums and three eps. Brodie has toured extensively in the US, UK, Scandinavia, France, Germany, Switzerland and Spain, and he has performed at iconic venues such as CBGBs in New York, The Exit/In in Nashville, The Continental in Austin and The Olympia in Paris. He has a reputation as a formidable live performer with acclaimed festival appearances at Splendour in the Grass, Homebake, Big Day Out, Byron Bay Bluesfest, SXSW, Darnius Festival in Spain and the Binic Folk Blues festival in France. Title: Something Personal Passage: Something Personal is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967. Title: These Days (The Virginia Sessions) Passage: These Days (The Virginia Sessions) is an album released by the Richmond, Virginia, based Pat McGee Band. It was produced by former keyboardist Todd Wright and was officially released at their July 6, 2007, concert at the Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts, though it had been available on compact disc and via digital download beginning July 1. Title: David Virgin Passage: David Virgin now lives in Dublin, Ireland and continues to write, record and perform music solo and with his two sons Rohan Healy and Alex "Al Quiff" Healy, of The Dublin City Rounders, in the vintage, western swing and blues act David Virgin & The Stanley Knife Brothers. In November 2013, Virgin released a 23 song best-of album titled "Three Decades of David Virgin" through Beardfire Music and in January 2014 Virgin released solo album "Boots 'N' Tooths". Title: Multidirection Passage: Multidirection is the second album by American jazz pianist Kenny Cox featuring performances recorded in 1969 and released on the Blue Note label. The album was reissued as bonus tracks with Cox's first Blue Note album "Introducing Kenny Cox". Title: Grant's First Stand Passage: Grant's First Stand is the debut album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances by Green recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1961. Earlier recordings made by Green for Blue Note were released as "First Session" in 2001. Title: You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me Passage: ``You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened To Me ''Single by Ray Price from the album You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened To Me B - side`` What Kind of Love is This'' Released July 1973 (U.S.) Format 7 ''Recorded ca. May 1973 Genre Country Length 3: 50 Label Columbia 45889 Songwriter (s) Jim Weatherly Producer (s) Don Law Ray Price singles chronology ``She's Got to Be a Saint'' (1972)`` You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened To Me ''(1973) ``Storms of Troubled Times'' (1974)`` She's Got to Be a Saint ''(1972) ``You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me'' (1973)`` Storms of Troubled Times ''(1974) Title: Birch Johnson Passage: Birch "Crimson Slide" Johnson is an American trombonist. He is a first call studio trombonist, Emmy nominated composer, producer and songwriter based in New York City. For 10 years, Birch was a member of the "Blues Brothers Band" and appeared, as an actor, in the movie "Blues Brothers 2000". He graduated from the University of Alabama, receiving the Bachelor of Music degree. At Alabama, he studied with noted jazz educator, Steve Sample, Sr. He subsequently attended Eastman School of Music, receiving the Master of Music degree, majoring in jazz performance. Title: Never Get Out of These Blues Alive Passage: Never Get Out of These Blues Alive is a studio album by American blues musician John Lee Hooker, released in 1972 by ABC Records and recorded from September 28 through September 29, 1971. The album features Van Morrison, Elvin Bishop, Charlie Musselwhite, and Steve Miller. The album was re-released in 1987 by See For Miles Records with four additional tracks from the same session, including two with Hooker's cousin Earl Hooker on slide guitar. Title: Best Day Ever (mixtape) Passage: Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. This mixtape was released online March 11, 2011. Over 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream just prior to releasing the tape. The mixtape consists of 16 songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs). Title: Blue Slide Park Passage: Blue Slide Park is the debut studio album by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released on November 8, 2011, by Rostrum Records. In July 2011, the title was announced, having been named after a section of Frick Park (which is known as "Blue Slide Park") in Pittsburgh. The park section is at the corner of Beechwood Blvd and Nicholson Street, which is just two blocks from Taylor Allderdice High School where Miller attended. The album cover was designed by his older brother Miller McCormick and Redtape Design. Title: Voices in the Sky: The Best of The Moody Blues Passage: Voices in the Sky: The Best of The Moody Blues is a greatest hits compilation for The Moody Blues, released in 1984.	[ "Blue Slide Park", "Best Day Ever (mixtape)" ]
2hop__846921_160249	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Pyrrhic victory\" is named after King Pyrrhus of Epirus, whose army suffered irreplaceable casualties in defeating the Romans at the Battle of Heraclea in 280 BC and the Battle of Asculum in 279 BC, during the Pyrrhic War. After the latter battle, Plutarch relates in a report by Dionysius:", "title": "Pyrrhic victory" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the Fourth Crusade and the fall of Constantinople to the \"Latins\" in 1204 mainland Greece was split between the Greek Despotate of Epirus (a Byzantine successor state) and Frankish rule (known as the Frankokratia), while some islands came under Venetian rule. The re-establishment of the Byzantine imperial capital in Constantinople in 1261 was accompanied by the empire's recovery of much of the Greek peninsula, although the Frankish Principality of Achaea in the Peloponnese and the rival Greek Despotate of Epirus in the north both remained important regional powers into the 14th century, while the islands remained largely under Genoese and Venetian control.", "title": "Greece" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In September 1880 a landslide ('the landslip of 1880') occurred at the north end of the town, burying 151 people. The first known landslide had occurred in 1866, and in 1879 there was a larger one at the same spot, Alma Hill, but ``the great slip occurred in the following year, on Saturday 18 September 1880. ''", "title": "Nainital" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greece played a peripheral role in the war. When Russia attacked the Ottoman Empire in 1853, King Otto of Greece saw an opportunity to expand North and South into Ottoman areas that had large Greek Christian majorities. However, Greece did not coordinate its plans with Russia, did not declare war, and received no outside military or financial support. Greece, an Orthodox nation, had considerable support in Russia, but the Russian government decided it was too dangerous to help Greece expand its holdings.:32–40 When the Russians invaded the Principalities, the Ottoman forces were tied down so Greece invaded Thessaly and Epirus. To block further Greek moves, the British and French occupied the main Greek port at Piraeus from April 1854 to February 1857, and effectively neutralized the Greek army. Greeks, gambling on a Russian victory, incited the large-scale Epirus Revolt of 1854 as well as uprisings in Crete. The insurrections were failures that were easily crushed by the Ottoman army. Greece was not invited to the peace conference and made no gains out of the war.:139 The frustrated Greek leadership blamed the King for failing to take advantage of the situation; his popularity plunged and he was later forced to abdicate.", "title": "Crimean War" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Actium was the decisive confrontation of the Final War of the Roman Republic, a naval engagement between Octavian and the combined forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra on 2 September 31 BC, on the Ionian Sea near the promontory of Actium, in the Roman province of Epirus Vetus in Greece. Octavian's fleet was commanded by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, while Antony's fleet was supported by the power of Queen Cleopatra of Ptolemaic Egypt.", "title": "Battle of Actium" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Klickitat War was a conflict between the United States and the Klickitat Indians and the Cascade people that occurred in 1855.", "title": "Klickitat War" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Neoptolemus (; Ancient Greek: Νεοπτόλεμος, \"Neoptolemos\", \"new warrior\"), also called Pyrrhus (; Πύρρος, \"Pyrrhos\", \"red\", for his red hair), was the son of the warrior Achilles and the princess Deidamia in Greek mythology, and also the mythical progenitor of the ruling dynasty of the Molossians of ancient Epirus.", "title": "Neoptolemus" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tiberius Coruncanius (died 241 BC) was a consul of the Roman Republic in 280 BC. As a military commander in that year and the following, he was known for the battles against Pyrrhus of Epirus that led to the expression \"Pyrrhic victory\". He was the first plebeian Pontifex Maximus, and possibly the first teacher of Roman law to offer public instruction.", "title": "Tiberius Coruncanius" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He wrote a history of the Diadochi and their descendants, encompassing the period from the death of Alexander to the war with Pyrrhus (323–272 BC), which is one of the chief authorities used by Diodorus Siculus (xviii.–xx.) and also by Plutarch in his life of Pyrrhus.", "title": "Hieronymus of Cardia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A toddler is a child 12 to 36 months old. The toddler years are a time of great cognitive, emotional and social development. The word is derived from ``to toddle '', which means to walk unsteadily, like a child of this age.", "title": "Toddler" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "People born and resident in the UK are assigned a Child Reference Number shortly after birth when a claim is made for Child Benefit. At age 15 years 9 months HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) notifies each child of their NI number.", "title": "National Insurance number" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Of these attacks, the majority occurred in the United States (53 in 2000, 40 in 2005, and 39 in 2006). The New York Times reported in July 2008 that there had been only one fatal attack in the previous year. On average, there are 16 shark attacks per year in the United States, with one fatality every two years. According to the ISAF, the US states in which the most attacks have occurred are Florida, Hawaii, California, Texas and the Carolinas, though attacks have occurred in almost every coastal state.", "title": "Shark attack" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Cecil Jones was an honorably-discharged World War II corporal and veteran who was tortured and lynched near Minden, in Webster Parish, Louisiana by a mob in 1946. His 17-year-old cousin Albert Harris, Jr. was tortured and left for dead alongside Jones. This was the only known post-World War II lynching to occur in Louisiana, and it involved multiple well-known local individuals, politicians, and a cover-up by multiple law enforcement entities.", "title": "John Cecil Jones" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Phthia (in Greek Φθία; lived 4th century BC), was a Greek queen, daughter of Menon of Pharsalus, the Thessalian hipparch, and wife of Aeacides, king of Epirus, by whom she became the mother of the celebrated Pyrrhus, as well as of two daughters: Deidamia, the wife of Demetrius Poliorcetes, and Troias, of whom nothing more is known.", "title": "Phthia of Epirus" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zitsa () is a village and a municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. The seat of the municipality is the village Eleousa. The municipality has an area of 565.566 km, the municipal unit 65.868 km, the community 29.169 km.", "title": "Zitsa" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John II Orsini, also John Komnenos Doukas or Comnenus Ducas (Greek: Ἰωάννης Κομνηνός Δούκας, \"Iōannēs Komnēnos Doukas\", Italian: Giovanni II Orsini), was count palatine of Cephalonia from 1323 to 1324 and Despot of Epirus from 1323 to 1335.", "title": "John II Orsini" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Kay (), also referred to as the Battle of Sulechów, Battle of Züllichau, or Battle of Paltzig, was an engagement fought on 23 July 1759 during the Seven Years' War. It occurred near Kay (Kije) in the Neumark, now part of Poland.", "title": "Battle of Kay" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The film deals with the story of an upper middle class couple who lives in Buenos Aires with an illegally adopted child. The mother comes to realize that her daughter may be the child of a desaparecido, a victim of the forced disappearances that occurred during Argentina's last military dictatorship (1976 - 1983), which was marred by widespread human rights violations and a genocide.", "title": "The Official Story" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Sablat or Záblatí occurred on 10 June 1619, during the Bohemian period of the Thirty Years' War. The battle was fought between a Roman Catholic Imperial army led by Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy and the Protestant army of Ernst von Mansfeld.", "title": "Battle of Sablat" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Halloween is an American horror franchise that consists of ten films, novels, comic books, merchandise, and a video game. The franchise primarily focuses on serial killer Michael Myers who was committed to a sanitarium as a child for the murder of his older sister, Judith Myers. Fifteen years later, he escapes to stalk and kill the people of the fictional town of Haddonfield, Illinois while being chased by his former psychiatrist, Dr. Sam Loomis. Michael's killings occur on the holiday of Halloween, on which all of the films primarily take place.", "title": "Halloween (franchise)" } ]	What years was Aeacides of Epirus's child at war?	323–272 BC	[]	Title: Crimean War Passage: Greece played a peripheral role in the war. When Russia attacked the Ottoman Empire in 1853, King Otto of Greece saw an opportunity to expand North and South into Ottoman areas that had large Greek Christian majorities. However, Greece did not coordinate its plans with Russia, did not declare war, and received no outside military or financial support. Greece, an Orthodox nation, had considerable support in Russia, but the Russian government decided it was too dangerous to help Greece expand its holdings.:32–40 When the Russians invaded the Principalities, the Ottoman forces were tied down so Greece invaded Thessaly and Epirus. To block further Greek moves, the British and French occupied the main Greek port at Piraeus from April 1854 to February 1857, and effectively neutralized the Greek army. Greeks, gambling on a Russian victory, incited the large-scale Epirus Revolt of 1854 as well as uprisings in Crete. The insurrections were failures that were easily crushed by the Ottoman army. Greece was not invited to the peace conference and made no gains out of the war.:139 The frustrated Greek leadership blamed the King for failing to take advantage of the situation; his popularity plunged and he was later forced to abdicate. Title: Phthia of Epirus Passage: Phthia (in Greek Φθία; lived 4th century BC), was a Greek queen, daughter of Menon of Pharsalus, the Thessalian hipparch, and wife of Aeacides, king of Epirus, by whom she became the mother of the celebrated Pyrrhus, as well as of two daughters: Deidamia, the wife of Demetrius Poliorcetes, and Troias, of whom nothing more is known. Title: Neoptolemus Passage: Neoptolemus (; Ancient Greek: Νεοπτόλεμος, "Neoptolemos", "new warrior"), also called Pyrrhus (; Πύρρος, "Pyrrhos", "red", for his red hair), was the son of the warrior Achilles and the princess Deidamia in Greek mythology, and also the mythical progenitor of the ruling dynasty of the Molossians of ancient Epirus. Title: Halloween (franchise) Passage: Halloween is an American horror franchise that consists of ten films, novels, comic books, merchandise, and a video game. The franchise primarily focuses on serial killer Michael Myers who was committed to a sanitarium as a child for the murder of his older sister, Judith Myers. Fifteen years later, he escapes to stalk and kill the people of the fictional town of Haddonfield, Illinois while being chased by his former psychiatrist, Dr. Sam Loomis. Michael's killings occur on the holiday of Halloween, on which all of the films primarily take place. Title: Toddler Passage: A toddler is a child 12 to 36 months old. The toddler years are a time of great cognitive, emotional and social development. The word is derived from ``to toddle '', which means to walk unsteadily, like a child of this age. Title: John Cecil Jones Passage: John Cecil Jones was an honorably-discharged World War II corporal and veteran who was tortured and lynched near Minden, in Webster Parish, Louisiana by a mob in 1946. His 17-year-old cousin Albert Harris, Jr. was tortured and left for dead alongside Jones. This was the only known post-World War II lynching to occur in Louisiana, and it involved multiple well-known local individuals, politicians, and a cover-up by multiple law enforcement entities. Title: The Official Story Passage: The film deals with the story of an upper middle class couple who lives in Buenos Aires with an illegally adopted child. The mother comes to realize that her daughter may be the child of a desaparecido, a victim of the forced disappearances that occurred during Argentina's last military dictatorship (1976 - 1983), which was marred by widespread human rights violations and a genocide. Title: Battle of Actium Passage: The Battle of Actium was the decisive confrontation of the Final War of the Roman Republic, a naval engagement between Octavian and the combined forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra on 2 September 31 BC, on the Ionian Sea near the promontory of Actium, in the Roman province of Epirus Vetus in Greece. Octavian's fleet was commanded by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, while Antony's fleet was supported by the power of Queen Cleopatra of Ptolemaic Egypt. Title: Zitsa Passage: Zitsa () is a village and a municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. The seat of the municipality is the village Eleousa. The municipality has an area of 565.566 km, the municipal unit 65.868 km, the community 29.169 km. Title: National Insurance number Passage: People born and resident in the UK are assigned a Child Reference Number shortly after birth when a claim is made for Child Benefit. At age 15 years 9 months HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) notifies each child of their NI number. Title: Greece Passage: Following the Fourth Crusade and the fall of Constantinople to the "Latins" in 1204 mainland Greece was split between the Greek Despotate of Epirus (a Byzantine successor state) and Frankish rule (known as the Frankokratia), while some islands came under Venetian rule. The re-establishment of the Byzantine imperial capital in Constantinople in 1261 was accompanied by the empire's recovery of much of the Greek peninsula, although the Frankish Principality of Achaea in the Peloponnese and the rival Greek Despotate of Epirus in the north both remained important regional powers into the 14th century, while the islands remained largely under Genoese and Venetian control. Title: Hieronymus of Cardia Passage: He wrote a history of the Diadochi and their descendants, encompassing the period from the death of Alexander to the war with Pyrrhus (323–272 BC), which is one of the chief authorities used by Diodorus Siculus (xviii.–xx.) and also by Plutarch in his life of Pyrrhus. Title: John II Orsini Passage: John II Orsini, also John Komnenos Doukas or Comnenus Ducas (Greek: Ἰωάννης Κομνηνός Δούκας, "Iōannēs Komnēnos Doukas", Italian: Giovanni II Orsini), was count palatine of Cephalonia from 1323 to 1324 and Despot of Epirus from 1323 to 1335. Title: Shark attack Passage: Of these attacks, the majority occurred in the United States (53 in 2000, 40 in 2005, and 39 in 2006). The New York Times reported in July 2008 that there had been only one fatal attack in the previous year. On average, there are 16 shark attacks per year in the United States, with one fatality every two years. According to the ISAF, the US states in which the most attacks have occurred are Florida, Hawaii, California, Texas and the Carolinas, though attacks have occurred in almost every coastal state. Title: Tiberius Coruncanius Passage: Tiberius Coruncanius (died 241 BC) was a consul of the Roman Republic in 280 BC. As a military commander in that year and the following, he was known for the battles against Pyrrhus of Epirus that led to the expression "Pyrrhic victory". He was the first plebeian Pontifex Maximus, and possibly the first teacher of Roman law to offer public instruction. Title: Nainital Passage: In September 1880 a landslide ('the landslip of 1880') occurred at the north end of the town, burying 151 people. The first known landslide had occurred in 1866, and in 1879 there was a larger one at the same spot, Alma Hill, but ``the great slip occurred in the following year, on Saturday 18 September 1880. '' Title: Battle of Kay Passage: The Battle of Kay (), also referred to as the Battle of Sulechów, Battle of Züllichau, or Battle of Paltzig, was an engagement fought on 23 July 1759 during the Seven Years' War. It occurred near Kay (Kije) in the Neumark, now part of Poland. Title: Pyrrhic victory Passage: "Pyrrhic victory" is named after King Pyrrhus of Epirus, whose army suffered irreplaceable casualties in defeating the Romans at the Battle of Heraclea in 280 BC and the Battle of Asculum in 279 BC, during the Pyrrhic War. After the latter battle, Plutarch relates in a report by Dionysius: Title: Battle of Sablat Passage: The Battle of Sablat or Záblatí occurred on 10 June 1619, during the Bohemian period of the Thirty Years' War. The battle was fought between a Roman Catholic Imperial army led by Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy and the Protestant army of Ernst von Mansfeld. Title: Klickitat War Passage: The Klickitat War was a conflict between the United States and the Klickitat Indians and the Cascade people that occurred in 1855.	[ "Hieronymus of Cardia", "Phthia of Epirus" ]
2hop__208602_11402	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lake of the Ozarks is a large reservoir created by impounding the Osage River in the northern part of the Ozarks in central Missouri. Extents of three smaller tributaries to the Osage are included in the impoundment: the Niangua River, Grandglaize Creek, and Gravois Creek. The lake has a surface area of 54,000 acres (220 km) and 1,150 miles (1,850 km) of shoreline, and the main channel of the Osage Arm stretches 92 miles (148 km) from end to end. The total drainage area is over 14,000 square miles (36,000 km). The lake's serpentine shape has earned it the nickname ``The Magic Dragon '', which has in turn inspired the names of local institutions such as The Magic Dragon Street Meet.", "title": "Lake of the Ozarks" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The states of New England have a combined area of 71,991.8 square miles (186,458 km), making the region slightly larger than the state of Washington and larger than England. Maine alone constitutes nearly one - half of the total area of New England, yet is only the 39th - largest state, slightly smaller than Indiana. The remaining states are among the smallest in the U.S., including the smallest state -- Rhode Island.", "title": "New England" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Punjab (Urdu, Punjabi: پنجاب, panj-āb, \"five waters\": listen (help·info)), also spelled Panjab, is the most populous of the four provinces of Pakistan. It has an area of 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles) and a population of 91.379.615 in 2011, approximately 56% of the country's total population. Its provincial capital and largest city is Lahore. Punjab is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir to the northeast and Punjab and Rajasthan to the east. In Pakistan it is bordered by Sindh to the south, Balochistān and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, and Islamabad and Azad Kashmir to the north.", "title": "Punjab, Pakistan" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing, or TIGER, or TIGER/Line is a format used by the United States Census Bureau to describe land attributes such as roads, buildings, rivers, and lakes, as well as areas such as census tracts. TIGER was developed to support and improve the Bureau's process of taking the Decennial Census.", "title": "Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pollock is located in southeastern Grant Parish at 31 ° 31 ′ 29 ''N 92 ° 24 ′ 32'' W / 31.52472 ° N 92.40889 ° W / 31.52472; - 92.40889 (31.524760, - 92.408866) and has an elevation of 118 feet (36.0 m). U.S. Route 165 is the main highway through the town, leading north 16 miles (26 km) to Georgetown and south 16 miles to Alexandria. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.3 square miles (3.3 km), all land.", "title": "Pollock, Louisiana" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paris (French pronunciation: (paʁi) (listen)) is the capital and most populous city in France, with an administrative - limits area of 105 square kilometres (41 square miles) and an official population of 2,206,488 (2015). The city is a commune and department, and the heart of the 12,012 - square - kilometre (4,638 - square - mile) Île - de-France region (colloquially known as the 'Paris Region'), whose 2016 population of 12,142,802 represented roughly 18 percent of the population of France. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts. The Paris Region had a GDP of €649.6 billion (US $763.4 billion) in 2014, accounting for 30.4 percent of the GDP of France. According to official estimates, in 2013 - 14 the Paris Region had the third - highest GDP in the world and the largest regional GDP in the EU.", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khar () is a village development committee (VDC) of Darchula District in the Mahakali Zone of Far-Western Development Region, Nepal. Geographically khar is located 29.79 N and 80.64 E, its nearest border to the district headquarters is Dallekh which is 10- 12 kilometer north east to the Darchula. The Khar VDC is surrounded by Sipti and Dhuligada VDC to the East and South, Katai to the West, and Eyarkot to the North. According to national census 2011 khar VDC has total population 4,272 (2,056 male and 2,216 female) residing 698 households.", "title": "Khar, Nepal" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.", "title": "San Diego" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Great Lakes is the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area, and second largest by total volume containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is 94,250 square miles (244,106 km), and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is 5,439 cubic miles (22,671 km), a bit less than the volume of Lake Baikal (23,615 km3). Due to their sea - like characteristics (rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons) the five Great Lakes have also long been referred to as inland seas. Lake Superior is the second largest lake in the world by area, and Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country.", "title": "Great Lakes" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 17.037 square miles (44.125 km2), including 10.747 square miles (27.835 km2) of land and 6.290 square miles (16.290 km2) of water (36.92%).", "title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2016, 162,742 people resided on Guam. Guam has an area of 210 square miles (540 km) and a population density of 775 per square mile (299 / km). Located in Oceania, it is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands and the largest island in Micronesia. Among its municipalities, Mongmong - Toto - Maite has the highest population density at 3,691 per square mile (1,425 / km), whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at 119 per square mile (46 / km). The highest point is Mount Lamlam at 1,332 feet (406 m) above sea level. Since the 1960s, the economy has been supported by two industries: tourism and the United States Armed Forces.", "title": "Guam" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Riverside is the 59th largest city in the United States, 12th largest city in California, and the largest city in California's Inland Empire metro area. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 81.4 square miles (210.8 km), of which 81.1 square miles (210 km) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km) (0.37%) is water. The elevation of downtown Riverside is 860 feet (260 m). Hills within the city limits include Mount Rubidoux, a city landmark and tourist attraction. Riverside is surrounded by small and large mountains, some of which get a dusting of winter snow. Many residents also enjoy the many beaches of southern California. Riverside is about a 47 - mile drive to the Pacific Ocean and is close to Orange county and Los Angeles county.", "title": "Riverside, California" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Avera Health is a regional health system based in Sioux Falls, S.D., comprising more than 300 locations in 100 communities throughout South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska and North Dakota. Avera serves a geographical footprint of more than 72,000 square miles and 86 counties, and a population of nearly 1 million.", "title": "Avera Health" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some topological spaces may be endowed with a group law. In order for the group law and the topology to interweave well, the group operations must be continuous functions, that is, g • h, and g−1 must not vary wildly if g and h vary only little. Such groups are called topological groups, and they are the group objects in the category of topological spaces. The most basic examples are the reals R under addition, (R ∖ {0}, ·), and similarly with any other topological field such as the complex numbers or p-adic numbers. All of these groups are locally compact, so they have Haar measures and can be studied via harmonic analysis. The former offer an abstract formalism of invariant integrals. Invariance means, in the case of real numbers for example:", "title": "Group (mathematics)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Antarctica (US English i/æntˈɑːrktɪkə/, UK English /ænˈtɑːktɪkə/ or /ænˈtɑːtɪkə/ or /ænˈɑːtɪkə/)[Note 1] is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14,000,000 square kilometres (5,400,000 square miles), it is the fifth-largest continent in area after Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km (1.2 mi; 6,200 ft) in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula.", "title": "Antarctica" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 28.70 square miles (74.33 km2), of which, 27.83 square miles (72.08 km2) of it is land and 0.87 square miles (2.25 km2) is water, much of which is part of the Huron River. Ann Arbor is about 35 miles (56 km) west of Detroit. Ann Arbor Charter Township adjoins the city's north and east sides. Ann Arbor is situated on the Huron River in a productive agricultural and fruit-growing region. The landscape of Ann Arbor consists of hills and valleys, with the terrain becoming steeper near the Huron River. The elevation ranges from about 750 feet (230 m) along the Huron River to 1,015 feet (309 m) on the city's west side, near the intersection of Maple Road and Pauline Blvd. Generally, the west-central and northwestern parts of the city and U-M's North Campus are the highest parts of the city; the lowest parts are along the Huron River and in the southeast. Ann Arbor Municipal Airport, which is south of the city at 42°13.38′N 83°44.74′W / 42.22300°N 83.74567°W / 42.22300; -83.74567, has an elevation of 839 feet (256 m).", "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greater London encompasses a total area of 1,583 square kilometres (611 sq mi), an area which had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 inhabitants per square kilometre (11,760/sq mi). The extended area known as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration, comprises a total area of 8,382 square kilometres (3,236 sq mi) has a population of 13,709,000 and a population density of 1,510 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,900/sq mi). Modern London stands on the Thames, its primary geographical feature, a navigable river which crosses the city from the south-west to the east. The Thames Valley is a floodplain surrounded by gently rolling hills including Parliament Hill, Addington Hills, and Primrose Hill. The Thames was once a much broader, shallower river with extensive marshlands; at high tide, its shores reached five times their present width.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Great Lakes are the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area, and second largest by total volume, containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is 94,250 square miles (244,106 km), and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is 5,439 cubic miles (22,671 km), slightly less than the volume of Lake Baikal (23,615 km3, 22 -- 23% of the world's surface fresh water). Due to their sea - like characteristics (rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons) the five Great Lakes have also long been referred to as inland seas. Lake Superior is the second largest lake in the world by area, and the largest freshwater lake by area. Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country.", "title": "Great Lakes" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One of Columbia's more prominent geographical features is its fall line, the boundary between the upland Piedmont region and the Atlantic Coastal Plain, across which rivers drop as falls or rapids. Columbia grew up at the fall line of the Congaree River, which is formed by the convergence of the Broad River and the Saluda River. The Congaree was the farthest inland point of river navigation. The energy of falling water also powered Columbia's early mills. The city has capitalized on this location which includes three rivers by christening itself \"The Columbia Riverbanks Region\". Columbia is located roughly halfway between the Atlantic Ocean and the Blue Ridge Mountains and sits at an elevation of around 292 ft (89 m).Soils in Columbia are well drained in most cases, with grayish brown loamy sand topsoil. The subsoil may be yellowish red sandy clay loam (Orangeburg series), yellowish brown sandy clay loam (Norfolk series), or strong brown sandy clay (Marlboro series). All belong to the Ultisol soil order.According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 134.9 square miles (349.5 km2), of which 132.2 square miles (342.4 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) is water (2.01%). Approximately ⅔ of Columbia's land area, 81.2 square miles (210 km2), is contained within the Fort Jackson Military Installation, much of which consists of uninhabited training grounds. The actual inhabited area for the city is slightly more than 50 square miles (130 km2).", "title": "Columbia, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 127.5 square miles (330.2 km2), of which 109.0 square miles (282.2 km2) is land and 18.5 square miles (47.9 km2) is covered by water. The old city is located on a peninsula at the point where, as Charlestonians say, \"The Ashley and the Cooper Rivers come together to form the Atlantic Ocean.\" The entire peninsula is very low, some is landfill material, and as such, frequently floods during heavy rains, storm surges, and unusually high tides. The city limits have expanded across the Ashley River from the peninsula, encompassing the majority of West Ashley as well as James Island and some of Johns Island. The city limits also have expanded across the Cooper River, encompassing Daniel Island and the Cainhoy area. North Charleston blocks any expansion up the peninsula, and Mount Pleasant occupies the land directly east of the Cooper River.", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina" } ]	According to the developer of Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing, what is the total area of Atlantic City in square miles?	17.037 square miles	[]	Title: Pollock, Louisiana Passage: Pollock is located in southeastern Grant Parish at 31 ° 31 ′ 29 ''N 92 ° 24 ′ 32'' W / 31.52472 ° N 92.40889 ° W / 31.52472; - 92.40889 (31.524760, - 92.408866) and has an elevation of 118 feet (36.0 m). U.S. Route 165 is the main highway through the town, leading north 16 miles (26 km) to Georgetown and south 16 miles to Alexandria. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.3 square miles (3.3 km), all land. Title: Charleston, South Carolina Passage: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 127.5 square miles (330.2 km2), of which 109.0 square miles (282.2 km2) is land and 18.5 square miles (47.9 km2) is covered by water. The old city is located on a peninsula at the point where, as Charlestonians say, "The Ashley and the Cooper Rivers come together to form the Atlantic Ocean." The entire peninsula is very low, some is landfill material, and as such, frequently floods during heavy rains, storm surges, and unusually high tides. The city limits have expanded across the Ashley River from the peninsula, encompassing the majority of West Ashley as well as James Island and some of Johns Island. The city limits also have expanded across the Cooper River, encompassing Daniel Island and the Cainhoy area. North Charleston blocks any expansion up the peninsula, and Mount Pleasant occupies the land directly east of the Cooper River. Title: Atlantic City, New Jersey Passage: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 17.037 square miles (44.125 km2), including 10.747 square miles (27.835 km2) of land and 6.290 square miles (16.290 km2) of water (36.92%). Title: Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing Passage: Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing, or TIGER, or TIGER/Line is a format used by the United States Census Bureau to describe land attributes such as roads, buildings, rivers, and lakes, as well as areas such as census tracts. TIGER was developed to support and improve the Bureau's process of taking the Decennial Census. Title: Antarctica Passage: Antarctica (US English i/æntˈɑːrktɪkə/, UK English /ænˈtɑːktɪkə/ or /ænˈtɑːtɪkə/ or /ænˈɑːtɪkə/)[Note 1] is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14,000,000 square kilometres (5,400,000 square miles), it is the fifth-largest continent in area after Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km (1.2 mi; 6,200 ft) in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula. Title: Columbia, South Carolina Passage: One of Columbia's more prominent geographical features is its fall line, the boundary between the upland Piedmont region and the Atlantic Coastal Plain, across which rivers drop as falls or rapids. Columbia grew up at the fall line of the Congaree River, which is formed by the convergence of the Broad River and the Saluda River. The Congaree was the farthest inland point of river navigation. The energy of falling water also powered Columbia's early mills. The city has capitalized on this location which includes three rivers by christening itself "The Columbia Riverbanks Region". Columbia is located roughly halfway between the Atlantic Ocean and the Blue Ridge Mountains and sits at an elevation of around 292 ft (89 m).Soils in Columbia are well drained in most cases, with grayish brown loamy sand topsoil. The subsoil may be yellowish red sandy clay loam (Orangeburg series), yellowish brown sandy clay loam (Norfolk series), or strong brown sandy clay (Marlboro series). All belong to the Ultisol soil order.According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 134.9 square miles (349.5 km2), of which 132.2 square miles (342.4 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) is water (2.01%). Approximately ⅔ of Columbia's land area, 81.2 square miles (210 km2), is contained within the Fort Jackson Military Installation, much of which consists of uninhabited training grounds. The actual inhabited area for the city is slightly more than 50 square miles (130 km2). Title: Khar, Nepal Passage: Khar () is a village development committee (VDC) of Darchula District in the Mahakali Zone of Far-Western Development Region, Nepal. Geographically khar is located 29.79 N and 80.64 E, its nearest border to the district headquarters is Dallekh which is 10- 12 kilometer north east to the Darchula. The Khar VDC is surrounded by Sipti and Dhuligada VDC to the East and South, Katai to the West, and Eyarkot to the North. According to national census 2011 khar VDC has total population 4,272 (2,056 male and 2,216 female) residing 698 households. Title: London Passage: Greater London encompasses a total area of 1,583 square kilometres (611 sq mi), an area which had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 inhabitants per square kilometre (11,760/sq mi). The extended area known as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration, comprises a total area of 8,382 square kilometres (3,236 sq mi) has a population of 13,709,000 and a population density of 1,510 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,900/sq mi). Modern London stands on the Thames, its primary geographical feature, a navigable river which crosses the city from the south-west to the east. The Thames Valley is a floodplain surrounded by gently rolling hills including Parliament Hill, Addington Hills, and Primrose Hill. The Thames was once a much broader, shallower river with extensive marshlands; at high tide, its shores reached five times their present width. Title: Paris Passage: Paris (French pronunciation: (paʁi) (listen)) is the capital and most populous city in France, with an administrative - limits area of 105 square kilometres (41 square miles) and an official population of 2,206,488 (2015). The city is a commune and department, and the heart of the 12,012 - square - kilometre (4,638 - square - mile) Île - de-France region (colloquially known as the 'Paris Region'), whose 2016 population of 12,142,802 represented roughly 18 percent of the population of France. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts. The Paris Region had a GDP of €649.6 billion (US $763.4 billion) in 2014, accounting for 30.4 percent of the GDP of France. According to official estimates, in 2013 - 14 the Paris Region had the third - highest GDP in the world and the largest regional GDP in the EU. Title: Punjab, Pakistan Passage: Punjab (Urdu, Punjabi: پنجاب, panj-āb, "five waters": listen (help·info)), also spelled Panjab, is the most populous of the four provinces of Pakistan. It has an area of 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles) and a population of 91.379.615 in 2011, approximately 56% of the country's total population. Its provincial capital and largest city is Lahore. Punjab is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir to the northeast and Punjab and Rajasthan to the east. In Pakistan it is bordered by Sindh to the south, Balochistān and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, and Islamabad and Azad Kashmir to the north. Title: Ann Arbor, Michigan Passage: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 28.70 square miles (74.33 km2), of which, 27.83 square miles (72.08 km2) of it is land and 0.87 square miles (2.25 km2) is water, much of which is part of the Huron River. Ann Arbor is about 35 miles (56 km) west of Detroit. Ann Arbor Charter Township adjoins the city's north and east sides. Ann Arbor is situated on the Huron River in a productive agricultural and fruit-growing region. The landscape of Ann Arbor consists of hills and valleys, with the terrain becoming steeper near the Huron River. The elevation ranges from about 750 feet (230 m) along the Huron River to 1,015 feet (309 m) on the city's west side, near the intersection of Maple Road and Pauline Blvd. Generally, the west-central and northwestern parts of the city and U-M's North Campus are the highest parts of the city; the lowest parts are along the Huron River and in the southeast. Ann Arbor Municipal Airport, which is south of the city at 42°13.38′N 83°44.74′W / 42.22300°N 83.74567°W / 42.22300; -83.74567, has an elevation of 839 feet (256 m). Title: Group (mathematics) Passage: Some topological spaces may be endowed with a group law. In order for the group law and the topology to interweave well, the group operations must be continuous functions, that is, g • h, and g−1 must not vary wildly if g and h vary only little. Such groups are called topological groups, and they are the group objects in the category of topological spaces. The most basic examples are the reals R under addition, (R ∖ {0}, ·), and similarly with any other topological field such as the complex numbers or p-adic numbers. All of these groups are locally compact, so they have Haar measures and can be studied via harmonic analysis. The former offer an abstract formalism of invariant integrals. Invariance means, in the case of real numbers for example: Title: New England Passage: The states of New England have a combined area of 71,991.8 square miles (186,458 km), making the region slightly larger than the state of Washington and larger than England. Maine alone constitutes nearly one - half of the total area of New England, yet is only the 39th - largest state, slightly smaller than Indiana. The remaining states are among the smallest in the U.S., including the smallest state -- Rhode Island. Title: Avera Health Passage: Avera Health is a regional health system based in Sioux Falls, S.D., comprising more than 300 locations in 100 communities throughout South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska and North Dakota. Avera serves a geographical footprint of more than 72,000 square miles and 86 counties, and a population of nearly 1 million. Title: Guam Passage: In 2016, 162,742 people resided on Guam. Guam has an area of 210 square miles (540 km) and a population density of 775 per square mile (299 / km). Located in Oceania, it is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands and the largest island in Micronesia. Among its municipalities, Mongmong - Toto - Maite has the highest population density at 3,691 per square mile (1,425 / km), whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at 119 per square mile (46 / km). The highest point is Mount Lamlam at 1,332 feet (406 m) above sea level. Since the 1960s, the economy has been supported by two industries: tourism and the United States Armed Forces. Title: Lake of the Ozarks Passage: The Lake of the Ozarks is a large reservoir created by impounding the Osage River in the northern part of the Ozarks in central Missouri. Extents of three smaller tributaries to the Osage are included in the impoundment: the Niangua River, Grandglaize Creek, and Gravois Creek. The lake has a surface area of 54,000 acres (220 km) and 1,150 miles (1,850 km) of shoreline, and the main channel of the Osage Arm stretches 92 miles (148 km) from end to end. The total drainage area is over 14,000 square miles (36,000 km). The lake's serpentine shape has earned it the nickname ``The Magic Dragon '', which has in turn inspired the names of local institutions such as The Magic Dragon Street Meet. Title: Riverside, California Passage: Riverside is the 59th largest city in the United States, 12th largest city in California, and the largest city in California's Inland Empire metro area. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 81.4 square miles (210.8 km), of which 81.1 square miles (210 km) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km) (0.37%) is water. The elevation of downtown Riverside is 860 feet (260 m). Hills within the city limits include Mount Rubidoux, a city landmark and tourist attraction. Riverside is surrounded by small and large mountains, some of which get a dusting of winter snow. Many residents also enjoy the many beaches of southern California. Riverside is about a 47 - mile drive to the Pacific Ocean and is close to Orange county and Los Angeles county. Title: Great Lakes Passage: The Great Lakes are the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area, and second largest by total volume, containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is 94,250 square miles (244,106 km), and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is 5,439 cubic miles (22,671 km), slightly less than the volume of Lake Baikal (23,615 km3, 22 -- 23% of the world's surface fresh water). Due to their sea - like characteristics (rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons) the five Great Lakes have also long been referred to as inland seas. Lake Superior is the second largest lake in the world by area, and the largest freshwater lake by area. Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country. Title: San Diego Passage: The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census. Title: Great Lakes Passage: The Great Lakes is the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area, and second largest by total volume containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is 94,250 square miles (244,106 km), and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is 5,439 cubic miles (22,671 km), a bit less than the volume of Lake Baikal (23,615 km3). Due to their sea - like characteristics (rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons) the five Great Lakes have also long been referred to as inland seas. Lake Superior is the second largest lake in the world by area, and Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country.	[ "Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing", "Atlantic City, New Jersey" ]
2hop__749997_96912	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hickinbottom Award (also referred to as the Hickinbottom Fellowship) is awarded annually by the Royal Society of Chemistry for contributions in the area of organic chemistry from researchers under the age of 35. The prize winner receives a monetary award and will complete a lecture tour within the UK. The winner is chosen by the awards committee of the Royal Society of Chemistry's organic division.", "title": "Hickinbottom Award" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Geoffrey Keynes was born on 25 March 1887 in Cambridge, England. His father was John Neville Keynes, an economics lecturer at the University of Cambridge and his mother was Florence Ada Brown, a successful author and a social reformer. Geoffrey Keynes was the third child, after his older brother, the prominent economist John Maynard Keynes, and his sister Margaret, who married the Nobel Prize–winning physiologist Archibald Hill.", "title": "Geoffrey Keynes" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Corrections is a 2001 novel by American author Jonathan Franzen. It revolves around the troubles of an elderly Midwestern couple and their three adult children, tracing their lives from the mid-20th century to \"one last Christmas\" together near the turn of the millennium. The novel was awarded the National Book Award in 2001 and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize in 2002.", "title": "The Corrections" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lectures on Jurisprudence, also called Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms (1763) is a collection of Adam Smith's lectures, comprising notes taken from his early lectures. It contains the formative ideas behind \"The Wealth of Nations\".", "title": "Lectures on Jurisprudence" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Million Writers Award is a short story literary award presented annually by storySouth since 2003. It honors the best online short stories. The award is structured to be egalitarian allowing for anyone to nominate a story including readers, authors, editors and publishers; prize money is donated by readers and writers; and the winners are selected by public vote from a short-list of entries selected by judges.", "title": "Million Writers Award" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Francis Ambrière (27 September 1907, Paris – 1 July 1998) was a French author who was selected for the Prix Goncourt in 1940, for his book \"Les Grandes Vacances\"; the prize was awarded in 1946 because of World War II.", "title": "Francis Ambrière" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Puffin/Nation Prize for Creative Citizenship is an American award citation given jointly by the Nation Institute (a nonprofit media center with ties to \"The Nation\" magazine) and the Puffin Foundation. The annual $100,000 award honors artists and others for “socially responsible work” and challenges to authority. The prize is intended to \"encourage the recipients to continue their work, and to inspire others to challenge the prevailing orthodoxies they face in their careers.\" The inaugural award was in 2001.", "title": "Puffin/Nation Prize for Creative Citizenship" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Six laureates have received more than one prize; of the six, the International Committee of the Red Cross has received the Nobel Peace Prize three times, more than any other. UNHCR has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize twice. Also the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Bardeen twice, and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Frederick Sanger. Two laureates have been awarded twice but not in the same field: Marie Curie (Physics and Chemistry) and Linus Pauling (Chemistry and Peace). Among the 892 Nobel laureates, 48 have been women; the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. She was also the first person (male or female) to be awarded two Nobel Prizes, the second award being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, given in 1911.", "title": "List of Nobel laureates" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 3rd annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 18 to 28 June 1953. This year's festival did not give any official jury prizes, instead awards were given by audience voting. This continued until the FIAPF granted Berlin \"A-Status\" in 1956.", "title": "3rd Berlin International Film Festival" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Dear (born August 15, 1959) is an American Catholic priest, Christian pacifist, vegetarianism advocate, author and lecturer, and a former member of the Society of Jesus. He has been arrested over 75 times in acts of nonviolent civil disobedience against war, injustice and nuclear weapons as part of his \"consistent ethic of nonviolence\". Dear has been nominated several times for the Nobel Peace Prize, in January 2008 by Archbishop Desmond Tutu and most recently with Leo Rebello for the 2015 award.", "title": "John Dear" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sophie Prize was an international environment and development prize (USD 100,000) awarded annually from 1998 to 2013. It was established in 1997 by the Norwegian author Jostein Gaarder and his wife Siri Dannevig, and is named after Gaarder's novel \"Sophie's World\". It aimed to recognize individuals or organizations working with the environment and sustainable development. In 2013, representatives announced that the prize would not be awarded any longer due to a lack of funds.", "title": "Sophie Prize" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gyldendal's Endowment was a literature prize which was awarded in the period 1934–1995 by the Norwegian publisher Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. The prize was awarded to significant authors, regardless of which publisher the author was associated with. The basic capital of the legacies came from the release of \"Bjørnson's collective works\" in 1932.", "title": "Gyldendal's Endowment" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Adam Smith Prize are two prizes for best performance in the Part IIB Economics Tripos examinations and dissertation at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. Previously the prize, established in 1891 and named after Adam Smith, was awarded triennially for best submitted essay on a subject of the writer's choice.", "title": "Adam Smith Prize" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Madaris were largely centred on the study of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). The ijāzat al-tadrīs wa-al-iftāʼ (\"licence to teach and issue legal opinions\") in the medieval Islamic legal education system had its origins in the 9th century after the formation of the madhāhib (schools of jurisprudence). George Makdisi considers the ijāzah to be the origin of the European doctorate. However, in an earlier article, he considered the ijāzah to be of \"fundamental difference\" to the medieval doctorate, since the former was awarded by an individual teacher-scholar not obliged to follow any formal criteria, whereas the latter was conferred on the student by the collective authority of the faculty. To obtain an ijāzah, a student \"had to study in a guild school of law, usually four years for the basic undergraduate course\" and ten or more years for a post-graduate course. The \"doctorate was obtained after an oral examination to determine the originality of the candidate's theses\", and to test the student's \"ability to defend them against all objections, in disputations set up for the purpose.\" These were scholarly exercises practised throughout the student's \"career as a graduate student of law.\" After students completed their post-graduate education, they were awarded ijazas giving them the status of faqīh 'scholar of jurisprudence', muftī 'scholar competent in issuing fatwās', and mudarris 'teacher'.", "title": "Madrasa" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Faraday Lectureship Prize, previously known simply as the Faraday Lectureship is awarded once every three years (approximately) by the Royal Society of Chemistry for \"exceptional contributions to physical or theoretical chemistry\". Named after Michael Faraday, the first Faraday Lecture was given in 1869, two years after Faraday's death, by Jean-Baptiste Dumas. As of 2009, the prize was worth £5000, with the recipient also receiving a medal and a certificate. As the name suggests, the recipient also gives a public lecture describing his or her work.", "title": "Faraday Lectureship Prize" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Except for the Peace Prize, the Nobel Prizes are presented in Stockholm, Sweden, at the annual Prize Award Ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death. The recipients' lectures are normally held in the days prior to the award ceremony. The Peace Prize and its recipients' lectures are presented at the annual Prize Award Ceremony in Oslo, Norway, usually on 10 December. The award ceremonies and the associated banquets are typically major international events. The Prizes awarded in Sweden's ceremonies' are held at the Stockholm Concert Hall, with the Nobel banquet following immediately at Stockholm City Hall. The Nobel Peace Prize ceremony has been held at the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905 -- 1946), at the auditorium of the University of Oslo (1947 -- 1989), and at Oslo City Hall (1990 -- present).", "title": "Nobel Prize" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, produced ``in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction ''(original Swedish:`` den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning''). Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize. The academy announces the name of the laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. It will not be awarded in 2018, but two names will be awarded in 2019.", "title": "Nobel Prize in Literature" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bel Canto is the fourth novel by American author Ann Patchett, published in 2001 by Perennial, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers. It was awarded both the Orange Prize for Fiction and PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction. It was placed on several top book lists, including Amazon's Best Books of the Year (2001). It was also adapted into an opera in 2015.", "title": "Bel Canto (novel)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lars Jakobson (1959, Lund) is a Swedish author. Among the awards he won are the Svenska Dagbladet book prize and the Selma Lagerlöf Prize, both in 2006. For many years he lived in Stockholm.", "title": "Lars Jakobson" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) has been awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Alfred Nobel, produced ``in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction ''(original Swedish: den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning). Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, here`` work'' refers to an author's work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize in any given year. The academy announces the name of the chosen laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895; the others are the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.", "title": "Nobel Prize in Literature" } ]	Who gives out the prize named after the author of Lectures on Jurisprudence?	University of Cambridge	[ "Cambridge" ]	Title: Madrasa Passage: Madaris were largely centred on the study of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). The ijāzat al-tadrīs wa-al-iftāʼ ("licence to teach and issue legal opinions") in the medieval Islamic legal education system had its origins in the 9th century after the formation of the madhāhib (schools of jurisprudence). George Makdisi considers the ijāzah to be the origin of the European doctorate. However, in an earlier article, he considered the ijāzah to be of "fundamental difference" to the medieval doctorate, since the former was awarded by an individual teacher-scholar not obliged to follow any formal criteria, whereas the latter was conferred on the student by the collective authority of the faculty. To obtain an ijāzah, a student "had to study in a guild school of law, usually four years for the basic undergraduate course" and ten or more years for a post-graduate course. The "doctorate was obtained after an oral examination to determine the originality of the candidate's theses", and to test the student's "ability to defend them against all objections, in disputations set up for the purpose." These were scholarly exercises practised throughout the student's "career as a graduate student of law." After students completed their post-graduate education, they were awarded ijazas giving them the status of faqīh 'scholar of jurisprudence', muftī 'scholar competent in issuing fatwās', and mudarris 'teacher'. Title: John Dear Passage: John Dear (born August 15, 1959) is an American Catholic priest, Christian pacifist, vegetarianism advocate, author and lecturer, and a former member of the Society of Jesus. He has been arrested over 75 times in acts of nonviolent civil disobedience against war, injustice and nuclear weapons as part of his "consistent ethic of nonviolence". Dear has been nominated several times for the Nobel Peace Prize, in January 2008 by Archbishop Desmond Tutu and most recently with Leo Rebello for the 2015 award. Title: Bel Canto (novel) Passage: Bel Canto is the fourth novel by American author Ann Patchett, published in 2001 by Perennial, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers. It was awarded both the Orange Prize for Fiction and PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction. It was placed on several top book lists, including Amazon's Best Books of the Year (2001). It was also adapted into an opera in 2015. Title: Lars Jakobson Passage: Lars Jakobson (1959, Lund) is a Swedish author. Among the awards he won are the Svenska Dagbladet book prize and the Selma Lagerlöf Prize, both in 2006. For many years he lived in Stockholm. Title: List of Nobel laureates Passage: Six laureates have received more than one prize; of the six, the International Committee of the Red Cross has received the Nobel Peace Prize three times, more than any other. UNHCR has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize twice. Also the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Bardeen twice, and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Frederick Sanger. Two laureates have been awarded twice but not in the same field: Marie Curie (Physics and Chemistry) and Linus Pauling (Chemistry and Peace). Among the 892 Nobel laureates, 48 have been women; the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. She was also the first person (male or female) to be awarded two Nobel Prizes, the second award being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, given in 1911. Title: Gyldendal's Endowment Passage: Gyldendal's Endowment was a literature prize which was awarded in the period 1934–1995 by the Norwegian publisher Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. The prize was awarded to significant authors, regardless of which publisher the author was associated with. The basic capital of the legacies came from the release of "Bjørnson's collective works" in 1932. Title: Hickinbottom Award Passage: The Hickinbottom Award (also referred to as the Hickinbottom Fellowship) is awarded annually by the Royal Society of Chemistry for contributions in the area of organic chemistry from researchers under the age of 35. The prize winner receives a monetary award and will complete a lecture tour within the UK. The winner is chosen by the awards committee of the Royal Society of Chemistry's organic division. Title: Sophie Prize Passage: The Sophie Prize was an international environment and development prize (USD 100,000) awarded annually from 1998 to 2013. It was established in 1997 by the Norwegian author Jostein Gaarder and his wife Siri Dannevig, and is named after Gaarder's novel "Sophie's World". It aimed to recognize individuals or organizations working with the environment and sustainable development. In 2013, representatives announced that the prize would not be awarded any longer due to a lack of funds. Title: Nobel Prize Passage: Except for the Peace Prize, the Nobel Prizes are presented in Stockholm, Sweden, at the annual Prize Award Ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death. The recipients' lectures are normally held in the days prior to the award ceremony. The Peace Prize and its recipients' lectures are presented at the annual Prize Award Ceremony in Oslo, Norway, usually on 10 December. The award ceremonies and the associated banquets are typically major international events. The Prizes awarded in Sweden's ceremonies' are held at the Stockholm Concert Hall, with the Nobel banquet following immediately at Stockholm City Hall. The Nobel Peace Prize ceremony has been held at the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905 -- 1946), at the auditorium of the University of Oslo (1947 -- 1989), and at Oslo City Hall (1990 -- present). Title: The Corrections Passage: The Corrections is a 2001 novel by American author Jonathan Franzen. It revolves around the troubles of an elderly Midwestern couple and their three adult children, tracing their lives from the mid-20th century to "one last Christmas" together near the turn of the millennium. The novel was awarded the National Book Award in 2001 and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize in 2002. Title: Geoffrey Keynes Passage: Geoffrey Keynes was born on 25 March 1887 in Cambridge, England. His father was John Neville Keynes, an economics lecturer at the University of Cambridge and his mother was Florence Ada Brown, a successful author and a social reformer. Geoffrey Keynes was the third child, after his older brother, the prominent economist John Maynard Keynes, and his sister Margaret, who married the Nobel Prize–winning physiologist Archibald Hill. Title: Lectures on Jurisprudence Passage: Lectures on Jurisprudence, also called Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms (1763) is a collection of Adam Smith's lectures, comprising notes taken from his early lectures. It contains the formative ideas behind "The Wealth of Nations". Title: Nobel Prize in Literature Passage: The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, produced ``in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction ''(original Swedish:`` den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning''). Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize. The academy announces the name of the laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. It will not be awarded in 2018, but two names will be awarded in 2019. Title: Million Writers Award Passage: Million Writers Award is a short story literary award presented annually by storySouth since 2003. It honors the best online short stories. The award is structured to be egalitarian allowing for anyone to nominate a story including readers, authors, editors and publishers; prize money is donated by readers and writers; and the winners are selected by public vote from a short-list of entries selected by judges. Title: 3rd Berlin International Film Festival Passage: The 3rd annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 18 to 28 June 1953. This year's festival did not give any official jury prizes, instead awards were given by audience voting. This continued until the FIAPF granted Berlin "A-Status" in 1956. Title: Francis Ambrière Passage: Francis Ambrière (27 September 1907, Paris – 1 July 1998) was a French author who was selected for the Prix Goncourt in 1940, for his book "Les Grandes Vacances"; the prize was awarded in 1946 because of World War II. Title: Adam Smith Prize Passage: The Adam Smith Prize are two prizes for best performance in the Part IIB Economics Tripos examinations and dissertation at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. Previously the prize, established in 1891 and named after Adam Smith, was awarded triennially for best submitted essay on a subject of the writer's choice. Title: Nobel Prize in Literature Passage: The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) has been awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Alfred Nobel, produced ``in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction ''(original Swedish: den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning). Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, here`` work'' refers to an author's work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize in any given year. The academy announces the name of the chosen laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895; the others are the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Title: Puffin/Nation Prize for Creative Citizenship Passage: The Puffin/Nation Prize for Creative Citizenship is an American award citation given jointly by the Nation Institute (a nonprofit media center with ties to "The Nation" magazine) and the Puffin Foundation. The annual $100,000 award honors artists and others for “socially responsible work” and challenges to authority. The prize is intended to "encourage the recipients to continue their work, and to inspire others to challenge the prevailing orthodoxies they face in their careers." The inaugural award was in 2001. Title: Faraday Lectureship Prize Passage: The Faraday Lectureship Prize, previously known simply as the Faraday Lectureship is awarded once every three years (approximately) by the Royal Society of Chemistry for "exceptional contributions to physical or theoretical chemistry". Named after Michael Faraday, the first Faraday Lecture was given in 1869, two years after Faraday's death, by Jean-Baptiste Dumas. As of 2009, the prize was worth £5000, with the recipient also receiving a medal and a certificate. As the name suggests, the recipient also gives a public lecture describing his or her work.	[ "Lectures on Jurisprudence", "Adam Smith Prize" ]
2hop__391873_88622	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mr. Noodle and his siblings -- Mr. Noodle's brother Mister Noodle, Ms Noodle, and Miss Noodle -- are characters who appear in the ``Elmo's World ''segments during the educational children's television program Sesame Street. Mr. Noodle was played by Broadway actor Bill Irwin, who had previously worked with Arlene Sherman, executive producer of Sesame Street and co-creator of`` Elmo's World'', in short films for the program.", "title": "Mr. Noodle" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zumbo's Just Desserts is an Australian baking reality competition television program on the Seven Network. The program was developed by the creators of My Kitchen Rules. The program is hosted by Adriano Zumbo and Rachel Khoo, with Gigi Falanga as assistant. The series was won by Kate, who received $100,000 prize money.", "title": "Zumbo's Just Desserts" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The film is about the coming of age of two sisters and their friend through the romantic lives of the three main characters: Kat Arújo (Annabeth Gish), Daisy Arújo (Julia Roberts), and Jojo Barbosa (Lili Taylor), who are waitresses at Mystic Pizza owned by Leona (Conchata Ferrell) in Mystic, Connecticut. In the film, Mystic is represented as a fishing town with a large Portuguese-American population. The film also touches on an Old World work ethic.", "title": "Mystic Pizza" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WeiweiCam is a self-surveillance project by artist Ai Weiwei, in China, that went live on April 3, 2012, exactly one year after the artist's detention by Chinese officials at Beijing Airport. At least fifteen surveillance cameras monitor his house in Beijing which, according to Ai, makes it the most-watched spot of the city. He described his decision to put himself under further surveillance as a symbolic way to increase transparency in the Chinese government. WeiweiCam consisted of four webcams that sent a live 24-hour feed publicly viewable from the website weiweicam.com. 46 hours after the site went live Ai Weiwei was instructed to shut down WeiweiCam by Chinese authorities. During the time weiweicam.com was live it received 5.2 million views.", "title": "WeiweiCam" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Johannes Tauler OP (c. 1300 – 16 June 1361) was a German mystic, a Catholic preacher and a theologian. A disciple of Meister Eckhart, he belonged to the Dominican order. Tauler was known as one of the most important Rhineland mystics. He promoted a certain neo-platonist dimension in the Dominican spirituality of his time.", "title": "Johannes Tauler" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Type 639 is a type of ocean surveillance ship is the newest oceanographic surveillance ship (as of mid 2014) developed by China for its People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). A single unit of Type 639 with pennant number Bei-diao 991 is currently in service as an oceanographic research ship and five more modified version serving as hydrographic survey ships are designated as Type 639A", "title": "Type 639 oceanographic surveillance ship" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fogle Peak () is a distinctive pointed peak, high, standing at the head of Kamb Glacier in the Royal Society Range of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was named in 1992 by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Benson Fogle, Program Manager for Upper Atmospheric Research, Division of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, 1976–85.", "title": "Fogle Peak" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As used by Saint Paul in the Pauline epistles it refers to the Christian Church as a group of believers. In Roman Catholic theology the use of the phrase ``mystical body ''distinguishes the mystical body of Christ, the Church, from the physical body of Christ, and from a`` moral body'' such as any club with a common purpose.", "title": "Body of Christ" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "# Director Photo Service Term President (s) served under MG Ralph Canine USA 1952 -- 1956 Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower Lt Gen John Samford USAF 1956 -- 1960 Dwight D. Eisenhower VADM Laurence Frost USN 1960 -- 1962 Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lt Gen Gordon Blake USAF 1962 -- 1965 John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson LTG Marshall Carter USA 1965 -- 1969 Lyndon B. Johnson Richard Nixon 6 VADM Noel Gayler USN 1969 -- 1972 Richard Nixon 7 Lt Gen Samuel C. Phillips USAF 1972 -- 1973 Richard Nixon 8 Lt Gen Lew Allen USAF 1973 -- 1977 Richard Nixon Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter 9 VADM Bobby Ray Inman USN 1977 -- 1981 Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan 10 Lt Gen Lincoln Faurer USAF 1981 -- 1985 Ronald Reagan 11 LTG William Odom USA 1985 -- 1988 Ronald Reagan 12 VADM William Studeman USN 1988 -- 1992 Ronald Reagan George H.W. Bush 13 VADM John M. McConnell USN 1992 -- 1996 George H.W. Bush Bill Clinton 14 Lt Gen Kenneth A. Minihan USAF 1996 -- 1999 Bill Clinton 15 Lt Gen Michael Hayden USAF 1999 -- 2005 Bill Clinton George W. Bush 16 LTG / GEN Keith B. Alexander USA August 1, 2005 -- March 28, 2014 George W. Bush Barack Obama 17 ADM Michael S. Rogers USN April 2, 2014 -- present Barack Obama Donald Trump", "title": "Director of the National Security Agency" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dominican Order was affected by a number of elemental influences. Its early members imbued the order with a mysticism and learning. The Europeans of the order embraced ecstatic mysticism on a grand scale and looked to a union with the Creator. The English Dominicans looked for this complete unity as well, but were not so focused on ecstatic experiences. Instead, their goal was to emulate the moral life of Christ more completely. The Dartford nuns were surrounded by all of these legacies, and used them to create something unique. Though they are not called mystics, they are known for their piety toward God and their determination to live lives devoted to, and in emulation of, Him.", "title": "Dominican Order" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wydarzenia (\"\"Events\"\") is the news program of the Polsat, Poland's second biggest television channel. The creator of \"\"Wydarzenia\"\" was Tomasz Lis in 2004. Currently, the editor-in-chief of the program is Dorota Gawryluk. The program is produced and aired from Polsat News studios in Warsaw.", "title": "Wydarzenia" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cincinnati Bearcats football team represents the University of Cincinnati in the East Division of the American Athletic Conference (AAC), competing as part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). The program has had 39 head coaches and three interim coaches during its existence, as well as one stint with no coach and two periods with the program on hiatus. The Bearcats have been participating in college football since the 1885 season and were one of the first schools currently in the FBS to sponsor a football program. Luke Fickell is the current head coach; he replaced Tommy Tuberville following the latter's resignation at the end of the 2016 season.", "title": "List of Cincinnati Bearcats head football coaches" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "MYSTIC is a former secret program used since 2009 by the US National Security Agency (NSA) to collect the metadata as well as the content of phone calls from several countries. The program was first revealed in March 2014, based upon documents leaked by Edward Snowden.", "title": "MYSTIC (surveillance program)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Minnesota Golden Gophers football program represents the University of Minnesota in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. Founded in 1882, the program is one of the oldest in college football. Minnesota has been a member of the Big Ten Conference since its inception in 1896 as the Western Conference. The Golden Gophers claim seven national championships: 1904, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1940, 1941, and 1960. Since 2009, the Gophers have played all their home games at TCF Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In January 2017, the Gophers fired head coach Tracy Claeys and hired former Western Michigan head coach P.J. Fleck as the new head coach.", "title": "Minnesota Golden Gophers football" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 221st Military Intelligence Battalion, based at the Gillem Enclave in Forest Park, Georgia, is a major battalion in the 560th Battlefield Surveillance Brigade (United States) in the Army National Guard", "title": "221st Military Intelligence Battalion" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "English Dominican mysticism in the late medieval period differed from European strands of it in that, whereas European Dominican mysticism tended to concentrate on ecstatic experiences of union with the divine, English Dominican mysticism's ultimate focus was on a crucial dynamic in one's personal relationship with God. This was an essential moral imitation of the Savior as an ideal for religious change, and as the means for reformation of humanity's nature as an image of divinity. This type of mysticism carried with it four elements. First, spiritually it emulated the moral essence of Christ's life. Second, there was a connection linking moral emulation of Christ's life and humanity's disposition as images of the divine. Third, English Dominican mysticism focused on an embodied spirituality with a structured love of fellow men at its center. Finally, the supreme aspiration of this mysticism was either an ethical or an actual union with God.", "title": "Dominican Order" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "TPH Club as known as Tú Puedes Hacerlo was a Spanish children's program aired on Televisión Española between 13 September 1999 and September 2004 and hosted by Paloma Lago. The program was created by Antoni D'Ocon, the creator of Sylvan, Delfy and His Friends and Scruff.", "title": "TPH Club" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Muppets Celebrate Jim Henson is a one-hour special that aired on CBS on November 21, 1990. The program was a tribute to Muppet creator Jim Henson, who had died earlier in 1990 due to toxic shock syndrome caused by a streptococcus infection, and featured characters from \"The Muppet Show\", \"Fraggle Rock\", and \"Sesame Street\".", "title": "The Muppets Celebrate Jim Henson" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fred W. Friendly (born Ferdinand Friendly Wachenheimer, October 30, 1915 – March 3, 1998) was a president of CBS News and the creator, along with Edward R. Murrow, of the documentary television program \"See It Now\". He originated the concept of public-access television cable TV channels.", "title": "Fred W. Friendly" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zumbo's Just Desserts is an Australian baking reality competition television program on the Seven Network. The program was developed by the creators of My Kitchen Rules. The program is hosted by Adriano Zumbo and Rachel Khoo, with Gigi Falanga as assistant. The series was won by Kate, who received $100,000 prize money and her dessert was featured in Zumbo's shop.", "title": "Zumbo's Just Desserts" } ]	Who is the head of the agency that created MYSTIC?	ADM Michael S. Rogers	[ "Michael S. Rogers" ]	Title: Mystic Pizza Passage: The film is about the coming of age of two sisters and their friend through the romantic lives of the three main characters: Kat Arújo (Annabeth Gish), Daisy Arújo (Julia Roberts), and Jojo Barbosa (Lili Taylor), who are waitresses at Mystic Pizza owned by Leona (Conchata Ferrell) in Mystic, Connecticut. In the film, Mystic is represented as a fishing town with a large Portuguese-American population. The film also touches on an Old World work ethic. Title: Body of Christ Passage: As used by Saint Paul in the Pauline epistles it refers to the Christian Church as a group of believers. In Roman Catholic theology the use of the phrase ``mystical body ''distinguishes the mystical body of Christ, the Church, from the physical body of Christ, and from a`` moral body'' such as any club with a common purpose. Title: MYSTIC (surveillance program) Passage: MYSTIC is a former secret program used since 2009 by the US National Security Agency (NSA) to collect the metadata as well as the content of phone calls from several countries. The program was first revealed in March 2014, based upon documents leaked by Edward Snowden. Title: Minnesota Golden Gophers football Passage: The Minnesota Golden Gophers football program represents the University of Minnesota in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. Founded in 1882, the program is one of the oldest in college football. Minnesota has been a member of the Big Ten Conference since its inception in 1896 as the Western Conference. The Golden Gophers claim seven national championships: 1904, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1940, 1941, and 1960. Since 2009, the Gophers have played all their home games at TCF Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In January 2017, the Gophers fired head coach Tracy Claeys and hired former Western Michigan head coach P.J. Fleck as the new head coach. Title: Zumbo's Just Desserts Passage: Zumbo's Just Desserts is an Australian baking reality competition television program on the Seven Network. The program was developed by the creators of My Kitchen Rules. The program is hosted by Adriano Zumbo and Rachel Khoo, with Gigi Falanga as assistant. The series was won by Kate, who received $100,000 prize money and her dessert was featured in Zumbo's shop. Title: Fogle Peak Passage: Fogle Peak () is a distinctive pointed peak, high, standing at the head of Kamb Glacier in the Royal Society Range of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was named in 1992 by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Benson Fogle, Program Manager for Upper Atmospheric Research, Division of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, 1976–85. Title: 221st Military Intelligence Battalion Passage: The 221st Military Intelligence Battalion, based at the Gillem Enclave in Forest Park, Georgia, is a major battalion in the 560th Battlefield Surveillance Brigade (United States) in the Army National Guard Title: Dominican Order Passage: The Dominican Order was affected by a number of elemental influences. Its early members imbued the order with a mysticism and learning. The Europeans of the order embraced ecstatic mysticism on a grand scale and looked to a union with the Creator. The English Dominicans looked for this complete unity as well, but were not so focused on ecstatic experiences. Instead, their goal was to emulate the moral life of Christ more completely. The Dartford nuns were surrounded by all of these legacies, and used them to create something unique. Though they are not called mystics, they are known for their piety toward God and their determination to live lives devoted to, and in emulation of, Him. Title: List of Cincinnati Bearcats head football coaches Passage: The Cincinnati Bearcats football team represents the University of Cincinnati in the East Division of the American Athletic Conference (AAC), competing as part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). The program has had 39 head coaches and three interim coaches during its existence, as well as one stint with no coach and two periods with the program on hiatus. The Bearcats have been participating in college football since the 1885 season and were one of the first schools currently in the FBS to sponsor a football program. Luke Fickell is the current head coach; he replaced Tommy Tuberville following the latter's resignation at the end of the 2016 season. Title: Dominican Order Passage: English Dominican mysticism in the late medieval period differed from European strands of it in that, whereas European Dominican mysticism tended to concentrate on ecstatic experiences of union with the divine, English Dominican mysticism's ultimate focus was on a crucial dynamic in one's personal relationship with God. This was an essential moral imitation of the Savior as an ideal for religious change, and as the means for reformation of humanity's nature as an image of divinity. This type of mysticism carried with it four elements. First, spiritually it emulated the moral essence of Christ's life. Second, there was a connection linking moral emulation of Christ's life and humanity's disposition as images of the divine. Third, English Dominican mysticism focused on an embodied spirituality with a structured love of fellow men at its center. Finally, the supreme aspiration of this mysticism was either an ethical or an actual union with God. Title: Zumbo's Just Desserts Passage: Zumbo's Just Desserts is an Australian baking reality competition television program on the Seven Network. The program was developed by the creators of My Kitchen Rules. The program is hosted by Adriano Zumbo and Rachel Khoo, with Gigi Falanga as assistant. The series was won by Kate, who received $100,000 prize money. Title: Johannes Tauler Passage: Johannes Tauler OP (c. 1300 – 16 June 1361) was a German mystic, a Catholic preacher and a theologian. A disciple of Meister Eckhart, he belonged to the Dominican order. Tauler was known as one of the most important Rhineland mystics. He promoted a certain neo-platonist dimension in the Dominican spirituality of his time. Title: Fred W. Friendly Passage: Fred W. Friendly (born Ferdinand Friendly Wachenheimer, October 30, 1915 – March 3, 1998) was a president of CBS News and the creator, along with Edward R. Murrow, of the documentary television program "See It Now". He originated the concept of public-access television cable TV channels. Title: Mr. Noodle Passage: Mr. Noodle and his siblings -- Mr. Noodle's brother Mister Noodle, Ms Noodle, and Miss Noodle -- are characters who appear in the ``Elmo's World ''segments during the educational children's television program Sesame Street. Mr. Noodle was played by Broadway actor Bill Irwin, who had previously worked with Arlene Sherman, executive producer of Sesame Street and co-creator of`` Elmo's World'', in short films for the program. Title: TPH Club Passage: TPH Club as known as Tú Puedes Hacerlo was a Spanish children's program aired on Televisión Española between 13 September 1999 and September 2004 and hosted by Paloma Lago. The program was created by Antoni D'Ocon, the creator of Sylvan, Delfy and His Friends and Scruff. Title: Wydarzenia Passage: Wydarzenia (""Events"") is the news program of the Polsat, Poland's second biggest television channel. The creator of ""Wydarzenia"" was Tomasz Lis in 2004. Currently, the editor-in-chief of the program is Dorota Gawryluk. The program is produced and aired from Polsat News studios in Warsaw. Title: Director of the National Security Agency Passage: # Director Photo Service Term President (s) served under MG Ralph Canine USA 1952 -- 1956 Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower Lt Gen John Samford USAF 1956 -- 1960 Dwight D. Eisenhower VADM Laurence Frost USN 1960 -- 1962 Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lt Gen Gordon Blake USAF 1962 -- 1965 John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson LTG Marshall Carter USA 1965 -- 1969 Lyndon B. Johnson Richard Nixon 6 VADM Noel Gayler USN 1969 -- 1972 Richard Nixon 7 Lt Gen Samuel C. Phillips USAF 1972 -- 1973 Richard Nixon 8 Lt Gen Lew Allen USAF 1973 -- 1977 Richard Nixon Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter 9 VADM Bobby Ray Inman USN 1977 -- 1981 Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan 10 Lt Gen Lincoln Faurer USAF 1981 -- 1985 Ronald Reagan 11 LTG William Odom USA 1985 -- 1988 Ronald Reagan 12 VADM William Studeman USN 1988 -- 1992 Ronald Reagan George H.W. Bush 13 VADM John M. McConnell USN 1992 -- 1996 George H.W. Bush Bill Clinton 14 Lt Gen Kenneth A. Minihan USAF 1996 -- 1999 Bill Clinton 15 Lt Gen Michael Hayden USAF 1999 -- 2005 Bill Clinton George W. Bush 16 LTG / GEN Keith B. Alexander USA August 1, 2005 -- March 28, 2014 George W. Bush Barack Obama 17 ADM Michael S. Rogers USN April 2, 2014 -- present Barack Obama Donald Trump Title: WeiweiCam Passage: WeiweiCam is a self-surveillance project by artist Ai Weiwei, in China, that went live on April 3, 2012, exactly one year after the artist's detention by Chinese officials at Beijing Airport. At least fifteen surveillance cameras monitor his house in Beijing which, according to Ai, makes it the most-watched spot of the city. He described his decision to put himself under further surveillance as a symbolic way to increase transparency in the Chinese government. WeiweiCam consisted of four webcams that sent a live 24-hour feed publicly viewable from the website weiweicam.com. 46 hours after the site went live Ai Weiwei was instructed to shut down WeiweiCam by Chinese authorities. During the time weiweicam.com was live it received 5.2 million views. Title: Type 639 oceanographic surveillance ship Passage: Type 639 is a type of ocean surveillance ship is the newest oceanographic surveillance ship (as of mid 2014) developed by China for its People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). A single unit of Type 639 with pennant number Bei-diao 991 is currently in service as an oceanographic research ship and five more modified version serving as hydrographic survey ships are designated as Type 639A Title: The Muppets Celebrate Jim Henson Passage: The Muppets Celebrate Jim Henson is a one-hour special that aired on CBS on November 21, 1990. The program was a tribute to Muppet creator Jim Henson, who had died earlier in 1990 due to toxic shock syndrome caused by a streptococcus infection, and featured characters from "The Muppet Show", "Fraggle Rock", and "Sesame Street".	[ "Director of the National Security Agency", "MYSTIC (surveillance program)" ]
2hop__96177_121319	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mary Ann Doane (born 1952) is the Class of 1937 Professor of Film and Media at the University of California, Berkeley and was previously the George Hazard Crooker Professor of Modern Culture and Media at Brown University. She is a pioneer in the study of gender in film.", "title": "Mary Ann Doane" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In astrophysics and physical cosmology, Olbers' paradox, named after the German astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers (1758–1840), also known as the \"dark night sky paradox\", is the argument that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the assumption of an infinite and eternal static universe. The darkness of the night sky is one of the pieces of evidence for a dynamic universe, such as the Big Bang model. In the hypothetical case that the universe is static, homogeneous at a large scale, and populated by an infinite number of stars, then any line of sight from Earth must end at the (very bright) surface of a star and hence the night sky should be completely illuminated and very bright. This contradicts the observed darkness and non-uniformity of the night.", "title": "Olbers' paradox" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "After one of his brothers was attacked by an anti-semitic mob, the family decided to immigrate to the United States. Robinson arrived in New York City on February 21, 1904. \"At Ellis Island I was born again\", he wrote. \"Life for me began when I was 10 years old.\" He grew up on the Lower East Side, had his Bar Mitzvah at First Roumanian-American Congregation, and attended Townsend Harris High School and then the City College of New York, planning to become a criminal attorney. An interest in acting and performing in front of people led to him winning an American Academy of Dramatic Arts scholarship, after which he changed his name to \"Edward G. Robinson\" (the G. standing for his original surname).", "title": "Edward G. Robinson" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harry Payne Whitney studied at Groton School in Groton, Massachusetts then attended Yale University, graduating with a law degree in 1894. He was a member of the Skull and Bones. In 1904, after the death of his father, he inherited $24,000,000, and in 1917, he inherited approximately $12,000,000 from his uncle, Oliver Hazard Payne.", "title": "Harry Payne Whitney" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Dark Hazard is 1934 American drama film starring Edward G. Robinson and directed by Alfred E. Green. It is based on a novel by W. R. Burnett. It was produced by First National Pictures and released through Warner Bros..", "title": "Dark Hazard" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dark Tower is a 2017 American science fantasy western film directed and co-written by Nikolaj Arcel. A continuation of Stephen King's novel series of the same name, the film stars Idris Elba as Roland Deschain, a gunslinger on a quest to protect the Dark Tower -- a mythical structure which supports all realities -- while Matthew McConaughey plays his nemesis, Walter Padick, the Man in Black, and Tom Taylor stars as Jake Chambers, a New York boy who becomes Roland's apprentice.", "title": "The Dark Tower (2017 film)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bruce Eric Kaplan (born September 9, 1964), known as BEK, is an American cartoonist whose single-panel cartoons frequently appear in \"The New Yorker\". His cartoons are known for their signature simple style and often dark humor. Kaplan is also a screenwriter and has worked on \"Seinfeld\" and on \"Six Feet Under\". Kaplan wove his New Yorker cartooning into \"Seinfeld\" with the episode, \"The Cartoon.\" He graduated from Wesleyan University and studied there with Professor Jeanine Basinger.", "title": "Bruce Eric Kaplan" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Star Wars: Dark Forces is a first-person shooter video game developed and published by LucasArts as part of the . It was released in 1995 for MS-DOS and Macintosh, and in 1996 for the PlayStation. The storyline is set in the \"Star Wars\" fictional universe and follows the player character Kyle Katarn, a mercenary working on behalf of the Rebel Alliance. He discovers the Empire's \"Dark Trooper Project\", which involves the development of a series of powerful new battle droids and power-armored stormtroopers.", "title": "Star Wars: Dark Forces" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Another study from 2012 included 150 dental school students from University of Athens, the result showed that light hair colour (blonde/light ash brown) was predominant in 10.7% of the students. 36% had medium hair colour (Light brown/Medium darkest brown). 32% had darkest brown and 21% black (15.3 off black, 6% midnight black). In conclusion the hair colour of young Greeks are mostly brown, ranging from light to dark brown. with significant minorities having black and blonde hair. The same study also showed that the eye colour of the students was 14.6% blue/green, 28% medium (light brown) and 57.4% dark brown.", "title": "Greeks" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anton Viktorovich Yelchin (11 March 1989 -- 19 June 2016) was an American actor. He played Pavel Chekov in three Star Trek films: Star Trek (2009), Star Trek Into Darkness (2013), and the posthumously released Star Trek Beyond (2016).", "title": "Anton Yelchin" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thieves After Dark () is a 1984 drama film directed by Samuel Fuller and starring Véronique Jannot and Bobby Di Cicco. The film was entered into the 34th Berlin International Film Festival.", "title": "Thieves After Dark" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As per the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, amended in 2016 (``CLPR Act ''), a`` Child'' is defined as any person below the age of 14 and the CLPR Act prohibits employment of a Child in any employment including as a domestic help. It is a cognizable criminal offence to employ a Child for any work. Children between age of 14 and 18 are defined as ``Adolescent ''and the law allows Adolescent to be employed except in the listed hazardous occupation and processes which include mining, inflammable substance and explosives related work and any other hazardous process as per the Factories Act, 1948. In 2001, an estimated 1% of all child workers, or about 120,000 children in India were in a hazardous job. Notably, the Constitution of India prohibits child labour in hazardous industries (but not in non-hazardous industries) as a Fundamental Right under Article 24. UNICEF estimates that India with its larger population, has the highest number of labourers in the world under 14 years of age, while sub-Saharan African countries have the highest percentage of children who are deployed as child labourers. The International Labour Organisation estimates that agriculture, at 60 percent, is the largest employer of child labour in the world, while the United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organisation estimates 70% of child labour is deployed in agriculture and related activities. Outside of agriculture, child labour is observed in almost all informal sectors of the Indian economy.", "title": "Child labour in India" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fabulous Texan is a 1947 American Western film directed by Edward Ludwig and written by Lawrence Hazard and Horace McCoy. The film stars Wild Bill Elliott, John Carroll, Catherine McLeod, Albert Dekker, Andy Devine and Patricia Knight. The film was released on November 9, 1947, by Republic Pictures.", "title": "The Fabulous Texan" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Sawmill Hazard is a 1913 American short silent film drama. The film starred Earle Foxe and Alice Hollister in the lead roles.", "title": "A Sawmill Hazard" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Hazard of Hearts is a made-for-television romantic film starring Helena Bonham Carter in one of her first major roles. Based on a novel by Barbara Cartland, it was released in 1987.", "title": "A Hazard of Hearts" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Green Cockatoo (a.k.a. Four Dark Hours) is a 1937 British drama film directed by William Cameron Menzies from a story by Graham Greene and starring John Mills and René Ray.", "title": "The Green Cockatoo" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Due to the work nature of airline pilots, who often cross several timezones and regions of sunlight and darkness in one day, and spend many hours awake both day and night, they are often unable to maintain sleep patterns that correspond to the natural human circadian rhythm; this situation can easily lead to fatigue. The NTSB cites this as contributing to many accidents[unreliable medical source?] and has conducted several research studies in order to find methods of combating fatigue in pilots.", "title": "Circadian rhythm" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theta Apodis (θ Aps, θ Apodis) is the Bayer designation for a star in the southern circumpolar constellation of Apus. It is a variable star with an apparent visual magnitude range of 4.65 to 6.20, which, according to the Bortle Dark-Sky Scale, means it is a faint star but visible to the naked eye from dark suburban skies. The distance to Theta Apodis is approximately , based upon parallax measurements made from the Gaia telescope. It is unusual in that it is a red star with a high proper motion (greater than 50 milliarcseconds a year).", "title": "Theta Apodis" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Torrents of Spring is a novella written by Ernest Hemingway, published in 1926. Subtitled \"A Romantic Novel in Honor of the Passing of a Great Race\", Hemingway used the work as a spoof of the world of writers. It is Hemingway's first long work and was written as a parody of Sherwood Anderson's \"Dark Laughter\".", "title": "The Torrents of Spring" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"In the Dark Half\" was shot in Bristol, England. Producer Matheson was drawn to the script because of the quality and opportunity to work in a new genre, and director Siddons was inspired by European horror films.", "title": "In the Dark Half" } ]	Where did the star of Dark Hazard study?	American Academy of Dramatic Arts	[ "The City College of New York", "City College", "City College of New York" ]	Title: Star Wars: Dark Forces Passage: Star Wars: Dark Forces is a first-person shooter video game developed and published by LucasArts as part of the . It was released in 1995 for MS-DOS and Macintosh, and in 1996 for the PlayStation. The storyline is set in the "Star Wars" fictional universe and follows the player character Kyle Katarn, a mercenary working on behalf of the Rebel Alliance. He discovers the Empire's "Dark Trooper Project", which involves the development of a series of powerful new battle droids and power-armored stormtroopers. Title: Olbers' paradox Passage: In astrophysics and physical cosmology, Olbers' paradox, named after the German astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers (1758–1840), also known as the "dark night sky paradox", is the argument that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the assumption of an infinite and eternal static universe. The darkness of the night sky is one of the pieces of evidence for a dynamic universe, such as the Big Bang model. In the hypothetical case that the universe is static, homogeneous at a large scale, and populated by an infinite number of stars, then any line of sight from Earth must end at the (very bright) surface of a star and hence the night sky should be completely illuminated and very bright. This contradicts the observed darkness and non-uniformity of the night. Title: The Green Cockatoo Passage: The Green Cockatoo (a.k.a. Four Dark Hours) is a 1937 British drama film directed by William Cameron Menzies from a story by Graham Greene and starring John Mills and René Ray. Title: A Sawmill Hazard Passage: A Sawmill Hazard is a 1913 American short silent film drama. The film starred Earle Foxe and Alice Hollister in the lead roles. Title: Bruce Eric Kaplan Passage: Bruce Eric Kaplan (born September 9, 1964), known as BEK, is an American cartoonist whose single-panel cartoons frequently appear in "The New Yorker". His cartoons are known for their signature simple style and often dark humor. Kaplan is also a screenwriter and has worked on "Seinfeld" and on "Six Feet Under". Kaplan wove his New Yorker cartooning into "Seinfeld" with the episode, "The Cartoon." He graduated from Wesleyan University and studied there with Professor Jeanine Basinger. Title: Anton Yelchin Passage: Anton Viktorovich Yelchin (11 March 1989 -- 19 June 2016) was an American actor. He played Pavel Chekov in three Star Trek films: Star Trek (2009), Star Trek Into Darkness (2013), and the posthumously released Star Trek Beyond (2016). Title: In the Dark Half Passage: "In the Dark Half" was shot in Bristol, England. Producer Matheson was drawn to the script because of the quality and opportunity to work in a new genre, and director Siddons was inspired by European horror films. Title: Edward G. Robinson Passage: After one of his brothers was attacked by an anti-semitic mob, the family decided to immigrate to the United States. Robinson arrived in New York City on February 21, 1904. "At Ellis Island I was born again", he wrote. "Life for me began when I was 10 years old." He grew up on the Lower East Side, had his Bar Mitzvah at First Roumanian-American Congregation, and attended Townsend Harris High School and then the City College of New York, planning to become a criminal attorney. An interest in acting and performing in front of people led to him winning an American Academy of Dramatic Arts scholarship, after which he changed his name to "Edward G. Robinson" (the G. standing for his original surname). Title: A Hazard of Hearts Passage: A Hazard of Hearts is a made-for-television romantic film starring Helena Bonham Carter in one of her first major roles. Based on a novel by Barbara Cartland, it was released in 1987. Title: Mary Ann Doane Passage: Mary Ann Doane (born 1952) is the Class of 1937 Professor of Film and Media at the University of California, Berkeley and was previously the George Hazard Crooker Professor of Modern Culture and Media at Brown University. She is a pioneer in the study of gender in film. Title: Dark Hazard Passage: Dark Hazard is 1934 American drama film starring Edward G. Robinson and directed by Alfred E. Green. It is based on a novel by W. R. Burnett. It was produced by First National Pictures and released through Warner Bros.. Title: Thieves After Dark Passage: Thieves After Dark () is a 1984 drama film directed by Samuel Fuller and starring Véronique Jannot and Bobby Di Cicco. The film was entered into the 34th Berlin International Film Festival. Title: Harry Payne Whitney Passage: Harry Payne Whitney studied at Groton School in Groton, Massachusetts then attended Yale University, graduating with a law degree in 1894. He was a member of the Skull and Bones. In 1904, after the death of his father, he inherited $24,000,000, and in 1917, he inherited approximately $12,000,000 from his uncle, Oliver Hazard Payne. Title: The Torrents of Spring Passage: The Torrents of Spring is a novella written by Ernest Hemingway, published in 1926. Subtitled "A Romantic Novel in Honor of the Passing of a Great Race", Hemingway used the work as a spoof of the world of writers. It is Hemingway's first long work and was written as a parody of Sherwood Anderson's "Dark Laughter". Title: The Dark Tower (2017 film) Passage: The Dark Tower is a 2017 American science fantasy western film directed and co-written by Nikolaj Arcel. A continuation of Stephen King's novel series of the same name, the film stars Idris Elba as Roland Deschain, a gunslinger on a quest to protect the Dark Tower -- a mythical structure which supports all realities -- while Matthew McConaughey plays his nemesis, Walter Padick, the Man in Black, and Tom Taylor stars as Jake Chambers, a New York boy who becomes Roland's apprentice. Title: Circadian rhythm Passage: Due to the work nature of airline pilots, who often cross several timezones and regions of sunlight and darkness in one day, and spend many hours awake both day and night, they are often unable to maintain sleep patterns that correspond to the natural human circadian rhythm; this situation can easily lead to fatigue. The NTSB cites this as contributing to many accidents[unreliable medical source?] and has conducted several research studies in order to find methods of combating fatigue in pilots. Title: Child labour in India Passage: As per the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, amended in 2016 (``CLPR Act ''), a`` Child'' is defined as any person below the age of 14 and the CLPR Act prohibits employment of a Child in any employment including as a domestic help. It is a cognizable criminal offence to employ a Child for any work. Children between age of 14 and 18 are defined as ``Adolescent ''and the law allows Adolescent to be employed except in the listed hazardous occupation and processes which include mining, inflammable substance and explosives related work and any other hazardous process as per the Factories Act, 1948. In 2001, an estimated 1% of all child workers, or about 120,000 children in India were in a hazardous job. Notably, the Constitution of India prohibits child labour in hazardous industries (but not in non-hazardous industries) as a Fundamental Right under Article 24. UNICEF estimates that India with its larger population, has the highest number of labourers in the world under 14 years of age, while sub-Saharan African countries have the highest percentage of children who are deployed as child labourers. The International Labour Organisation estimates that agriculture, at 60 percent, is the largest employer of child labour in the world, while the United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organisation estimates 70% of child labour is deployed in agriculture and related activities. Outside of agriculture, child labour is observed in almost all informal sectors of the Indian economy. Title: Theta Apodis Passage: Theta Apodis (θ Aps, θ Apodis) is the Bayer designation for a star in the southern circumpolar constellation of Apus. It is a variable star with an apparent visual magnitude range of 4.65 to 6.20, which, according to the Bortle Dark-Sky Scale, means it is a faint star but visible to the naked eye from dark suburban skies. The distance to Theta Apodis is approximately , based upon parallax measurements made from the Gaia telescope. It is unusual in that it is a red star with a high proper motion (greater than 50 milliarcseconds a year). Title: Greeks Passage: Another study from 2012 included 150 dental school students from University of Athens, the result showed that light hair colour (blonde/light ash brown) was predominant in 10.7% of the students. 36% had medium hair colour (Light brown/Medium darkest brown). 32% had darkest brown and 21% black (15.3 off black, 6% midnight black). In conclusion the hair colour of young Greeks are mostly brown, ranging from light to dark brown. with significant minorities having black and blonde hair. The same study also showed that the eye colour of the students was 14.6% blue/green, 28% medium (light brown) and 57.4% dark brown. Title: The Fabulous Texan Passage: The Fabulous Texan is a 1947 American Western film directed by Edward Ludwig and written by Lawrence Hazard and Horace McCoy. The film stars Wild Bill Elliott, John Carroll, Catherine McLeod, Albert Dekker, Andy Devine and Patricia Knight. The film was released on November 9, 1947, by Republic Pictures.	[ "Edward G. Robinson", "Dark Hazard" ]
2hop__589264_150107	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zhang won a bronze medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics, where she competed in two matches as a member of the Chinese women's handball team. She is currently a pharmaceutical engineering student at University of Florida.", "title": "Zhang Peijun" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Longest Night in Shanghai () is a 2007 film produced by Japan's Movie Eye Entertainment and directed by Chinese director Zhang Yibai. It is a rare collaboration between China and Japan.", "title": "The Longest Night in Shanghai" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Between 1927 and 1929, Deng lived in Shanghai, where he helped organize protests that would be harshly persecuted by the Kuomintang authorities. The death of many Communist militants in those years led to a decrease in the number of members of the Communist Party, which enabled Deng to quickly move up the ranks. During this stage in Shanghai, Deng married a woman he met in Moscow, Zhang Xiyuan.", "title": "Deng Xiaoping" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cell Communication and Signaling is a peer-reviewed and open access scientific journal that publishes original research, reviews and commentaries with a focus on cellular signaling research. It was established in 2003 and is currently published by the London-based publisher BioMed Central.", "title": "Cell Communication and Signaling" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nutrients is an open access peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing reviews, regular research papers, and short communications on all aspects of nutrition. It was established in 2009 and is published by MDPI.", "title": "Nutrients (journal)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Keep Cool () is a 1997 Chinese black comedy directed by Zhang Yimou and adapted from the novel \"Evening Papers News\" by Shu Ping. The film about a bookseller in love in 1990s Beijing, marked a move away from earlier period pictures of Zhang's earlier work to a more realistic Cinéma vérité-like period in his career that also saw him make \"Happy Times\" (2000) and \"Not One Less\" (1999). \"Keep Cool\" also marked only the second time Zhang placed his film in the modern era and the first time Zhang did not work with actress Gong Li.", "title": "Keep Cool (film)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Government Statistical Service (GSS) is the community of all civil servants who work in the collection, production and communication of UK official statistics. It includes not only statisticians, but also economists, social researchers, IT professionals, and secretarial and clerical staff. Members of the GSS work in the Office for National Statistics, most UK Government departments, and the devolved administrations. The GSS publishes around 2,000 sets of statistics each year, as well as providing professional advice and", "title": "Government Statistical Service" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zhang Zhiqiang (, born 15 December 1978 in Zibo, Shandong) is a Chinese Rugby union player who plays at the fly-half position.", "title": "Zhang Zhiqiang" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Communalism Combat is a monthly magazine published by Sabrang Communications since August 1993. The magazine is edited by husband wife team of Javed Anand and Teesta Setalvad.", "title": "Communalism Combat" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Review of Communication is a peer-reviewed online academic journal which is published by Routledge for the National Communication Association. It publishes scholarship that advances the discipline of communication through the study of major themes that cross the disciplinary sub-fields. The current editor is Pat J. Gehrke.", "title": "The Review of Communication" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The \"Curry Coastal Pilot is\" a biweekly newspaper published in Brookings, Oregon, United States, since 1946. It is published on Wednesdays and Saturdays by Western Communications and has a circulation of 5,223.", "title": "Curry Coastal Pilot" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Communications of the ACM is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was established in 1958, with Saul Rosen as its first managing editor. It is sent to all ACM members.", "title": "Communications of the ACM" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zhang Xuanjing was born in 350, during the reign of his father Zhang Chonghua (Duke Jinglie). His mother was likely Zhang Chonghua's concubine Lady Guo (as he honored her as princess dowager in 363, which he would have had little reason to do if she were not his mother). He had an older brother, Zhang Yaoling, who was his father's heir apparent.", "title": "Zhang Xuanjing" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zhang Yalin started his football career in the 2000 Chinese league season for Dalian Shide F.C. and would quickly establish himself within the team that won the league title. From then on he would become a vital member of the team and by 2003 he was selected to the China national under-23 football team but was injured in training, which ruled him out from any tournament. By 2006 in his personal life he married Jia Nini (贾妮妮), a Chinese model and actress. They named their daughter, who was born 12 July 2007, Zhang Shijia (张诗伽).", "title": "Zhang Yalin" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Princess Pei (裴王后, personal name unknown) (died 354) was the wife of the Chinese state Former Liang's ruler Zhang Chonghua. Very little is known about her, including when Zhang Chonghua made her his princess. After Zhang Chonghua's death in 353, Zhang Chonghua's brother Zhang Zuo served as regent, and in early 354, he formally took over the role of ruler, with the approval of the mother of Zhang Chonghua, Princess Dowager Ma (who was said to have had an affair with him). He then, for reasons unknown, executed Princess Pei.", "title": "Princess Pei" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Zhengyou Zhang is a Chinese professor of computer science, IEEE and ACM Fellow and a specialist in computer vision and graphics. He is also a recipient of the 2013 \"Helmholtz Test of Time Award\" which was awarded to him by the International Conference on Computer Vision.", "title": "Zhengyou Zhang" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Big Parade () is a 1986 Chinese film directed by Chen Kaige. It is the story of a tough drill sergeant and his raw recruits, and was photographed by Zhang Yimou.", "title": "The Big Parade (1986 film)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zhang Chenlong (; ; born 27 April 1993) is a Chinese football player who currently plays for Guangzhou R&F in the Chinese Super League.", "title": "Zhang Chenlong" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seismology: To better prepare for calamities, Zhang Heng invented a seismometer in 132 CE which provided instant alert to authorities in the capital Luoyang that an earthquake had occurred in a location indicated by a specific cardinal or ordinal direction. Although no tremors could be felt in the capital when Zhang told the court that an earthquake had just occurred in the northwest, a message came soon afterwards that an earthquake had indeed struck 400 km (248 mi) to 500 km (310 mi) northwest of Luoyang (in what is now modern Gansu). Zhang called his device the 'instrument for measuring the seasonal winds and the movements of the Earth' (Houfeng didong yi 候风地动仪), so-named because he and others thought that earthquakes were most likely caused by the enormous compression of trapped air. See Zhang's seismometer for further details.", "title": "History of science" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bruce Landon Davidson (born September 5, 1933) is an American photographer. He has been a member of the Magnum Photos agency since 1958. His photographs, notably those taken in Harlem, New York City, have been widely exhibited and published. He is known for photographing communities usually hostile to outsiders.", "title": "Bruce Davidson (photographer)" } ]	Who published the Communications of the group that Zhengyou Zhang is a member of?	Association for Computing Machinery	[ "ACM" ]	Title: Cell Communication and Signaling Passage: Cell Communication and Signaling is a peer-reviewed and open access scientific journal that publishes original research, reviews and commentaries with a focus on cellular signaling research. It was established in 2003 and is currently published by the London-based publisher BioMed Central. Title: Bruce Davidson (photographer) Passage: Bruce Landon Davidson (born September 5, 1933) is an American photographer. He has been a member of the Magnum Photos agency since 1958. His photographs, notably those taken in Harlem, New York City, have been widely exhibited and published. He is known for photographing communities usually hostile to outsiders. Title: Zhang Peijun Passage: Zhang won a bronze medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics, where she competed in two matches as a member of the Chinese women's handball team. She is currently a pharmaceutical engineering student at University of Florida. Title: Communications of the ACM Passage: Communications of the ACM is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was established in 1958, with Saul Rosen as its first managing editor. It is sent to all ACM members. Title: The Big Parade (1986 film) Passage: The Big Parade () is a 1986 Chinese film directed by Chen Kaige. It is the story of a tough drill sergeant and his raw recruits, and was photographed by Zhang Yimou. Title: Curry Coastal Pilot Passage: The "Curry Coastal Pilot is" a biweekly newspaper published in Brookings, Oregon, United States, since 1946. It is published on Wednesdays and Saturdays by Western Communications and has a circulation of 5,223. Title: Government Statistical Service Passage: The Government Statistical Service (GSS) is the community of all civil servants who work in the collection, production and communication of UK official statistics. It includes not only statisticians, but also economists, social researchers, IT professionals, and secretarial and clerical staff. Members of the GSS work in the Office for National Statistics, most UK Government departments, and the devolved administrations. The GSS publishes around 2,000 sets of statistics each year, as well as providing professional advice and Title: Princess Pei Passage: Princess Pei (裴王后, personal name unknown) (died 354) was the wife of the Chinese state Former Liang's ruler Zhang Chonghua. Very little is known about her, including when Zhang Chonghua made her his princess. After Zhang Chonghua's death in 353, Zhang Chonghua's brother Zhang Zuo served as regent, and in early 354, he formally took over the role of ruler, with the approval of the mother of Zhang Chonghua, Princess Dowager Ma (who was said to have had an affair with him). He then, for reasons unknown, executed Princess Pei. Title: Nutrients (journal) Passage: Nutrients is an open access peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing reviews, regular research papers, and short communications on all aspects of nutrition. It was established in 2009 and is published by MDPI. Title: Zhang Zhiqiang Passage: Zhang Zhiqiang (, born 15 December 1978 in Zibo, Shandong) is a Chinese Rugby union player who plays at the fly-half position. Title: Communalism Combat Passage: Communalism Combat is a monthly magazine published by Sabrang Communications since August 1993. The magazine is edited by husband wife team of Javed Anand and Teesta Setalvad. Title: The Longest Night in Shanghai Passage: The Longest Night in Shanghai () is a 2007 film produced by Japan's Movie Eye Entertainment and directed by Chinese director Zhang Yibai. It is a rare collaboration between China and Japan. Title: History of science Passage: Seismology: To better prepare for calamities, Zhang Heng invented a seismometer in 132 CE which provided instant alert to authorities in the capital Luoyang that an earthquake had occurred in a location indicated by a specific cardinal or ordinal direction. Although no tremors could be felt in the capital when Zhang told the court that an earthquake had just occurred in the northwest, a message came soon afterwards that an earthquake had indeed struck 400 km (248 mi) to 500 km (310 mi) northwest of Luoyang (in what is now modern Gansu). Zhang called his device the 'instrument for measuring the seasonal winds and the movements of the Earth' (Houfeng didong yi 候风地动仪), so-named because he and others thought that earthquakes were most likely caused by the enormous compression of trapped air. See Zhang's seismometer for further details. Title: Zhengyou Zhang Passage: Zhengyou Zhang is a Chinese professor of computer science, IEEE and ACM Fellow and a specialist in computer vision and graphics. He is also a recipient of the 2013 "Helmholtz Test of Time Award" which was awarded to him by the International Conference on Computer Vision. Title: Zhang Xuanjing Passage: Zhang Xuanjing was born in 350, during the reign of his father Zhang Chonghua (Duke Jinglie). His mother was likely Zhang Chonghua's concubine Lady Guo (as he honored her as princess dowager in 363, which he would have had little reason to do if she were not his mother). He had an older brother, Zhang Yaoling, who was his father's heir apparent. Title: Deng Xiaoping Passage: Between 1927 and 1929, Deng lived in Shanghai, where he helped organize protests that would be harshly persecuted by the Kuomintang authorities. The death of many Communist militants in those years led to a decrease in the number of members of the Communist Party, which enabled Deng to quickly move up the ranks. During this stage in Shanghai, Deng married a woman he met in Moscow, Zhang Xiyuan. Title: Zhang Yalin Passage: Zhang Yalin started his football career in the 2000 Chinese league season for Dalian Shide F.C. and would quickly establish himself within the team that won the league title. From then on he would become a vital member of the team and by 2003 he was selected to the China national under-23 football team but was injured in training, which ruled him out from any tournament. By 2006 in his personal life he married Jia Nini (贾妮妮), a Chinese model and actress. They named their daughter, who was born 12 July 2007, Zhang Shijia (张诗伽). Title: Zhang Chenlong Passage: Zhang Chenlong (; ; born 27 April 1993) is a Chinese football player who currently plays for Guangzhou R&F in the Chinese Super League. Title: Keep Cool (film) Passage: Keep Cool () is a 1997 Chinese black comedy directed by Zhang Yimou and adapted from the novel "Evening Papers News" by Shu Ping. The film about a bookseller in love in 1990s Beijing, marked a move away from earlier period pictures of Zhang's earlier work to a more realistic Cinéma vérité-like period in his career that also saw him make "Happy Times" (2000) and "Not One Less" (1999). "Keep Cool" also marked only the second time Zhang placed his film in the modern era and the first time Zhang did not work with actress Gong Li. Title: The Review of Communication Passage: The Review of Communication is a peer-reviewed online academic journal which is published by Routledge for the National Communication Association. It publishes scholarship that advances the discipline of communication through the study of major themes that cross the disciplinary sub-fields. The current editor is Pat J. Gehrke.	[ "Communications of the ACM", "Zhengyou Zhang" ]
2hop__95970_456836	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Family Pack or Que faisaient les femmes pendant que l'homme marchait sur la lune? is a 2001 French-Belgium drama film, directed by Chris Vander Stappen.", "title": "Family Pack" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gai pied or Gai pied hebdo was a monthly French gay magazine, founded by Jean Le Bitoux. Its name, which literally means \"Gay foot\", is a homophone of \"guêpier\", which means a hornet's nest or, figuratively, a trap or pitfall — a reference to the magazine's determination to torment the status-quo.", "title": "Gai pied" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gaspard Manesse (born March 25, 1975) is a French actor, composer and musician. He is best known for his starring role as Julien Quentin in the film \"Au revoir, les enfants\" (1987). He acted in and composed the music for the film \"Comme il vient\". Gaspard is a composer and musician - he tours throughout the heart of France playing the trumpet with a group called \"Surnatural Orchestra\" from the Ile-de-France.", "title": "Gaspard Manesse" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The film also features La Goulette native Claudia Cardinale as herself. The film was entered into the 46th Berlin International Film Festival.", "title": "A Summer in La Goulette" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "La femme enfant () is a 1980 French drama film directed by Raphaële Billetdoux and starring Klaus Kinski. It competed in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1980 Cannes Film Festival.", "title": "La femme enfant" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Le casseur de pierres is a 1989 Tunisian short drama film directed by Mohamed Zran. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival.", "title": "Le casseur de pierres" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Les Accords de Bella is a 2007 anthropological documentary film directed by David Constantin. It was selected by the African Film Festival of Cordoba - FCAT.", "title": "Les Accords de Bella" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sous les pieds des femmes (also known as \"Under Women's Feet\") is a 1997 French drama film written and directed by Rachida Krim and starring Claudia Cardinale.", "title": "Sous les pieds des femmes" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Les Sous-doués en vacances is a 1982 French comedic film, directed by Claude Zidi. It is the sequel to \"Les sous-doués\" (1980).", "title": "Les Sous-doués en vacances" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eriq Ebouaney (born 3 October 1967) is a French actor. He is best known for his portrayal as the Congolese Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba in the 2000 film \"Lumumba\", as \"Blacktie\" in Brian De Palma's \"Femme Fatale\" and as \"Ice\" in the 2008 action film \"Transporter 3\" in which he starred opposite Jason Statham.", "title": "Eriq Ebouaney" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Women's Games (French: Jeux de femmes) is a 1946 French comedy film directed by Maurice Cloche and starring Jacques Dumesnil, Hélène Perdrière and Saturnin Fabre.", "title": "Women's Games" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "La Rosière de Pessac (The Virgin of Pessac) is the title of two hour-long films directed by Jean Eustache (in 1968 and 1979 respectively). The films cover an annual ceremony, held in Eustache's place of birth, in which the mayor and his associates nominate a girl as the town's most virtuous. Thus, the girls chosen in those two years are eponymous subjects of these documentaries.", "title": "La Rosiere de Pessac" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "La naissance d'Osiris, ou La fête Pamilie (\"The Birth of Osiris, or The Festival of Pamylia\") is a one-act opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau, first performed on 12 October 1754 at Fontainebleau to celebrate the birth of the future King Louis XVI. The libretto is by Rameau's frequent collaborator Louis de Cahusac. Cahusac styled the work a \"ballet allégorique\" (\"allegorical ballet\"), but it is usually categorised as an \"acte de ballet\". Its slender plot tells of Jupiter's announcement to a group of Egyptian shepherds of the birth of the god Osiris, who symbolises the baby prince. The piece may have started life as part of a larger work, \"Les beaux jours de l'Amour\", an \"opéra-ballet\" Rameau and Cahusac planned but never completed for reasons which are still uncertain.", "title": "La naissance d'Osiris" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It was against this background of public anger that Jean Metzinger and Albert Gleizes wrote Du \"Cubisme\" (published by Eugène Figuière in 1912, translated to English and Russian in 1913). Among the works exhibited were Le Fauconnier's vast composition Les Montagnards attaqués par des ours (Mountaineers Attacked by Bears) now at Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Joseph Csaky's Deux Femme, Two Women (a sculpture now lost), in addition to the highly abstract paintings by Kupka, Amorpha (The National Gallery, Prague), and Picabia, La Source, The Spring (Museum of Modern Art, New York).", "title": "Cubism" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vaux-sous-Aubigny is a former commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Le Montsaugeonnais. It is the natal village of beekeeper Charles Dadant.", "title": "Vaux-sous-Aubigny" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pour Un Maillot Jaune is a French 1965 documentary – described as a cinematic tribute – about the 1965 Tour de France. It was made by the French film director, Claude Lelouch. Lelouch is best known as the director of \"Un Homme et Une Femme\" (\"A Man and a Woman\" in English) in 1966.", "title": "Pour Un Maillot Jaune" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cubism and modern European art was introduced into the United States at the now legendary 1913 Armory Show in New York City, which then traveled to Chicago and Boston. In the Armory show Pablo Picasso exhibited La Femme au pot de moutarde (1910), the sculpture Head of a Woman (Fernande) (1909–10), Les Arbres (1907) amongst other cubist works. Jacques Villon exhibited seven important and large drypoints, his brother Marcel Duchamp shocked the American public with his painting Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (1912). Francis Picabia exhibited his abstractions La Danse à la source and La Procession, Seville (both of 1912). Albert Gleizes exhibited La Femme aux phlox (1910) and L'Homme au balcon (1912), two highly stylized and faceted cubist works. Georges Braque, Fernand Léger, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Roger de La Fresnaye and Alexander Archipenko also contributed examples of their cubist works.", "title": "Cubism" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Pauvres Diables\" is a song by Julio Iglesias recorded in 1979. The song is also commonly known as \"Vous les femmes\" based on the opening lyrics. The song was also recorded in Spanish language by Iglesias as \"Pobre diablo\".", "title": "Pauvres Diables" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Huahine is an island located among the Society Islands, in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Leeward Islands group \"(Îles sous le Vent).\" At the 2017 census it had a population of 6,075.", "title": "Huahine" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isabelle Carré (born 28 May 1971) is a French actress. She has appeared in more than 70 films since 1989. She won a César Award for Best Actress for her role in \"Se souvenir des belles choses\" (2001), and has been nominated a further six times for \"Beau fixe\" (1992), \"Le Hussard sur le toit\" (1995), \"La Femme défendue\" (1997), \"Les Sentiments\" (2003), \"Entre ses mains\" (2005) and \"Anna M.\" (2007).", "title": "Isabelle Carré" } ]	Where was the person who acted in the film Sous les pieds des femmes born?	La Goulette	[]	Title: Eriq Ebouaney Passage: Eriq Ebouaney (born 3 October 1967) is a French actor. He is best known for his portrayal as the Congolese Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba in the 2000 film "Lumumba", as "Blacktie" in Brian De Palma's "Femme Fatale" and as "Ice" in the 2008 action film "Transporter 3" in which he starred opposite Jason Statham. Title: A Summer in La Goulette Passage: The film also features La Goulette native Claudia Cardinale as herself. The film was entered into the 46th Berlin International Film Festival. Title: Les Sous-doués en vacances Passage: Les Sous-doués en vacances is a 1982 French comedic film, directed by Claude Zidi. It is the sequel to "Les sous-doués" (1980). Title: Family Pack Passage: Family Pack or Que faisaient les femmes pendant que l'homme marchait sur la lune? is a 2001 French-Belgium drama film, directed by Chris Vander Stappen. Title: La naissance d'Osiris Passage: La naissance d'Osiris, ou La fête Pamilie ("The Birth of Osiris, or The Festival of Pamylia") is a one-act opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau, first performed on 12 October 1754 at Fontainebleau to celebrate the birth of the future King Louis XVI. The libretto is by Rameau's frequent collaborator Louis de Cahusac. Cahusac styled the work a "ballet allégorique" ("allegorical ballet"), but it is usually categorised as an "acte de ballet". Its slender plot tells of Jupiter's announcement to a group of Egyptian shepherds of the birth of the god Osiris, who symbolises the baby prince. The piece may have started life as part of a larger work, "Les beaux jours de l'Amour", an "opéra-ballet" Rameau and Cahusac planned but never completed for reasons which are still uncertain. Title: Huahine Passage: Huahine is an island located among the Society Islands, in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Leeward Islands group "(Îles sous le Vent)." At the 2017 census it had a population of 6,075. Title: Pauvres Diables Passage: "Pauvres Diables" is a song by Julio Iglesias recorded in 1979. The song is also commonly known as "Vous les femmes" based on the opening lyrics. The song was also recorded in Spanish language by Iglesias as "Pobre diablo". Title: Cubism Passage: It was against this background of public anger that Jean Metzinger and Albert Gleizes wrote Du "Cubisme" (published by Eugène Figuière in 1912, translated to English and Russian in 1913). Among the works exhibited were Le Fauconnier's vast composition Les Montagnards attaqués par des ours (Mountaineers Attacked by Bears) now at Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Joseph Csaky's Deux Femme, Two Women (a sculpture now lost), in addition to the highly abstract paintings by Kupka, Amorpha (The National Gallery, Prague), and Picabia, La Source, The Spring (Museum of Modern Art, New York). Title: Gai pied Passage: Gai pied or Gai pied hebdo was a monthly French gay magazine, founded by Jean Le Bitoux. Its name, which literally means "Gay foot", is a homophone of "guêpier", which means a hornet's nest or, figuratively, a trap or pitfall — a reference to the magazine's determination to torment the status-quo. Title: Sous les pieds des femmes Passage: Sous les pieds des femmes (also known as "Under Women's Feet") is a 1997 French drama film written and directed by Rachida Krim and starring Claudia Cardinale. Title: Pour Un Maillot Jaune Passage: Pour Un Maillot Jaune is a French 1965 documentary – described as a cinematic tribute – about the 1965 Tour de France. It was made by the French film director, Claude Lelouch. Lelouch is best known as the director of "Un Homme et Une Femme" ("A Man and a Woman" in English) in 1966. Title: Le casseur de pierres Passage: Le casseur de pierres is a 1989 Tunisian short drama film directed by Mohamed Zran. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival. Title: Cubism Passage: Cubism and modern European art was introduced into the United States at the now legendary 1913 Armory Show in New York City, which then traveled to Chicago and Boston. In the Armory show Pablo Picasso exhibited La Femme au pot de moutarde (1910), the sculpture Head of a Woman (Fernande) (1909–10), Les Arbres (1907) amongst other cubist works. Jacques Villon exhibited seven important and large drypoints, his brother Marcel Duchamp shocked the American public with his painting Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (1912). Francis Picabia exhibited his abstractions La Danse à la source and La Procession, Seville (both of 1912). Albert Gleizes exhibited La Femme aux phlox (1910) and L'Homme au balcon (1912), two highly stylized and faceted cubist works. Georges Braque, Fernand Léger, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Roger de La Fresnaye and Alexander Archipenko also contributed examples of their cubist works. Title: La femme enfant Passage: La femme enfant () is a 1980 French drama film directed by Raphaële Billetdoux and starring Klaus Kinski. It competed in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1980 Cannes Film Festival. Title: Vaux-sous-Aubigny Passage: Vaux-sous-Aubigny is a former commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Le Montsaugeonnais. It is the natal village of beekeeper Charles Dadant. Title: Les Accords de Bella Passage: Les Accords de Bella is a 2007 anthropological documentary film directed by David Constantin. It was selected by the African Film Festival of Cordoba - FCAT. Title: Gaspard Manesse Passage: Gaspard Manesse (born March 25, 1975) is a French actor, composer and musician. He is best known for his starring role as Julien Quentin in the film "Au revoir, les enfants" (1987). He acted in and composed the music for the film "Comme il vient". Gaspard is a composer and musician - he tours throughout the heart of France playing the trumpet with a group called "Surnatural Orchestra" from the Ile-de-France. Title: Women's Games Passage: Women's Games (French: Jeux de femmes) is a 1946 French comedy film directed by Maurice Cloche and starring Jacques Dumesnil, Hélène Perdrière and Saturnin Fabre. Title: Isabelle Carré Passage: Isabelle Carré (born 28 May 1971) is a French actress. She has appeared in more than 70 films since 1989. She won a César Award for Best Actress for her role in "Se souvenir des belles choses" (2001), and has been nominated a further six times for "Beau fixe" (1992), "Le Hussard sur le toit" (1995), "La Femme défendue" (1997), "Les Sentiments" (2003), "Entre ses mains" (2005) and "Anna M." (2007). Title: La Rosiere de Pessac Passage: La Rosière de Pessac (The Virgin of Pessac) is the title of two hour-long films directed by Jean Eustache (in 1968 and 1979 respectively). The films cover an annual ceremony, held in Eustache's place of birth, in which the mayor and his associates nominate a girl as the town's most virtuous. Thus, the girls chosen in those two years are eponymous subjects of these documentaries.	[ "A Summer in La Goulette", "Sous les pieds des femmes" ]
2hop__6956_192417	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lester Williams (January 19, 1959 – August 16, 2017) was an American football defensive tackle in the National Football League, mainly for the New England Patriots, including the team's first Super Bowl appearance. He finished his career with the San Diego Chargers in 1986 and the Seattle Seahawks in 1987.", "title": "Lester Williams" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tedy Lacap Bruschi (; born June 9, 1973) is a former professional American football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for thirteen seasons. He played college football for the University of Arizona, and was a two-time consensus All-American. He was drafted by the New England Patriots in the third round of the 1996 NFL Draft, and played his entire professional career with the Patriots. Bruschi won three Super Bowls and was a two-time All-Pro selection.", "title": "Tedy Bruschi" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Patrick Christopher Chung (born August 19, 1987) is a Jamaican-born American football strong safety for the New England Patriots of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Patriots in the second round of the 2009 NFL Draft. He played college football at Oregon and has also been a member of the Philadelphia Eagles.", "title": "Patrick Chung" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 NFL season is the 98th and current season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 7, 2017, with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42 -- 27 in the NFL Kickoff Game. The season will conclude with Super Bowl LII, the league's championship game, on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota.", "title": "2017 NFL season" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New England Patriots are a professional American football team based in the Greater Boston region. The Patriots compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) East division. The team plays its home games at Gillette Stadium in the town of Foxborough, Massachusetts, which is located 21 miles (34 km) southwest of downtown Boston and 20 miles (32 km) northeast of downtown Providence, Rhode Island. The Patriots are also headquartered at Gillette Stadium.", "title": "New England Patriots" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Super Bowl XX was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Chicago Bears and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1985 season. The Bears defeated the Patriots by the score of 46 -- 10, capturing their first NFL championship (and Chicago's first overall sports victory) since 1963, three years prior to the birth of the Super Bowl. Super Bowl XX was played on January 26, 1986 at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans.", "title": "Super Bowl XX" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "While they have played in suburban Foxborough since 1971, the New England Patriots of the National Football League were founded in 1960 as the Boston Patriots, changing their name after relocating. The team won the Super Bowl after the 2001, 2003, 2004, and 2014 seasons. They share Gillette Stadium with the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer. The Boston Breakers of Women's Professional Soccer, which formed in 2009, play their home games at Dilboy Stadium in Somerville.", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Super Bowl XXXIX was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2004 season. The Patriots defeated the Eagles by the score of 24 -- 21. The game was played on February 6, 2005, at Alltel Stadium (now known as EverBank Field) in Jacksonville, Florida, the first time the Super Bowl was played in that city.", "title": "Super Bowl XXXIX" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Super Bowl XXXVI was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion St. Louis Rams and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2001 season. The Patriots defeated the Rams by the score of 20 -- 17. It was New England's first Super Bowl championship, and the franchise's first league championship of any kind, having suffered two previous losses. The game was also notable for snapping the AFC East's long streak of not being able to win a Super Bowl championship, as the division's teams had lost eight Super Bowls in total (prior to the Patriots victory in XXXVI).", "title": "Super Bowl XXXVI" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Super Bowl XXXVIII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Carolina Panthers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2003 season. The Patriots defeated the Panthers by the score of 32 - 29. The game was played at Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas, on February 1, 2004. At the time, this was the most watched Super Bowl ever with 144.4 million viewers.", "title": "Super Bowl XXXVIII" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sony Michel (born February 17, 1995) is an American football running back for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Georgia.", "title": "Sony Michel" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Super Bowl XLII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New York Giants and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2007 season. The Giants defeated the Patriots by the score of 17 -- 14. The game was played on Sunday, February 3, 2008, at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona.", "title": "Super Bowl XLII" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Torrance Ramon Small (born September 4, 1970) is a former professional American football wide receiver in the National Football League for ten seasons for the New Orleans Saints, the St. Louis Rams, the Indianapolis Colts, the Philadelphia Eagles, and the New England Patriots.", "title": "Torrance Small" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Davis was drafted by the New England Patriots in 1987, becoming the second player ever drafted out of the University of Central Florida. Davis played two seasons with the Patriots before signing with the Pittsburgh Steelers and later the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League.", "title": "Elgin Davis" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of the New England Patriots began when Boston business executive William ``Billy ''Sullivan and Sullivan Brother Printers, owned by Joseph Sullivan, were awarded the eighth and final franchise of the developing American Football League (AFL) on November 16, 1959. The following winter, locals submitted thousands of ideas for the Boston football team's official name. On February 20, 1960, Sullivan chose`` Boston Patriots'', with ``Patriots ''referring to those colonists of the Thirteen Colonies who rebelled against British control during the American Revolution and in July 1776 declared the United States of America an independent nation.`` Patriots'' as a nickname had been suggested by 74 fans, among them Larry Kepnes. Immediately thereafter, artist Phil Bissell developed the ``Pat Patriot ''logo.", "title": "History of the New England Patriots" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In a sports league, the ranking of a team is the place where it is within the division. Generally, ranking is based on won-lost record of games, with the team with the best record at the top, and the worst record at the bottom. Another common method is a points-based ranking system, where a team is awarded a certain number of points per win, fewer points per tie, and none for a loss.", "title": "Sports league ranking" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Matthew Charles Light (born June 23, 1978) is a former American football offensive tackle who spent his entire eleven-year career playing for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Purdue University. He was picked by the Patriots in the second round of the 2001 NFL Draft.", "title": "Matt Light" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eric Gerard Coleman (born December 27, 1966 in Denver, Colorado) is a former defensive back in the National Football League for the New England Patriots. Coleman attended University of Wyoming.", "title": "Eric Coleman (defensive back)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Josh Ashton (August 24, 1949 – October 4, 1993) was a professional American football player who played running back for four seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the New England Patriots and St. Louis Cardinals. He also played one season in the Canadian Football League with the BC Lions in 1971.", "title": "Josh Ashton" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dontrelle Javaar Inman (born January 31, 1989) is an American football wide receiver for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Jacksonville Jaguars as an undrafted free agent in 2011. He was a Grey Cup champion with the Toronto Argonauts in 2012. He played college football at Virginia.", "title": "Dontrelle Inman" } ]	The league the New England Patriots belongs to is an example of what?	sports league	[ "Sports league", "league" ]	Title: Sports league ranking Passage: In a sports league, the ranking of a team is the place where it is within the division. Generally, ranking is based on won-lost record of games, with the team with the best record at the top, and the worst record at the bottom. Another common method is a points-based ranking system, where a team is awarded a certain number of points per win, fewer points per tie, and none for a loss. Title: Tedy Bruschi Passage: Tedy Lacap Bruschi (; born June 9, 1973) is a former professional American football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for thirteen seasons. He played college football for the University of Arizona, and was a two-time consensus All-American. He was drafted by the New England Patriots in the third round of the 1996 NFL Draft, and played his entire professional career with the Patriots. Bruschi won three Super Bowls and was a two-time All-Pro selection. Title: Eric Coleman (defensive back) Passage: Eric Gerard Coleman (born December 27, 1966 in Denver, Colorado) is a former defensive back in the National Football League for the New England Patriots. Coleman attended University of Wyoming. Title: Dontrelle Inman Passage: Dontrelle Javaar Inman (born January 31, 1989) is an American football wide receiver for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Jacksonville Jaguars as an undrafted free agent in 2011. He was a Grey Cup champion with the Toronto Argonauts in 2012. He played college football at Virginia. Title: Super Bowl XXXIX Passage: Super Bowl XXXIX was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2004 season. The Patriots defeated the Eagles by the score of 24 -- 21. The game was played on February 6, 2005, at Alltel Stadium (now known as EverBank Field) in Jacksonville, Florida, the first time the Super Bowl was played in that city. Title: Super Bowl XXXVI Passage: Super Bowl XXXVI was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion St. Louis Rams and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2001 season. The Patriots defeated the Rams by the score of 20 -- 17. It was New England's first Super Bowl championship, and the franchise's first league championship of any kind, having suffered two previous losses. The game was also notable for snapping the AFC East's long streak of not being able to win a Super Bowl championship, as the division's teams had lost eight Super Bowls in total (prior to the Patriots victory in XXXVI). Title: History of the New England Patriots Passage: The history of the New England Patriots began when Boston business executive William ``Billy ''Sullivan and Sullivan Brother Printers, owned by Joseph Sullivan, were awarded the eighth and final franchise of the developing American Football League (AFL) on November 16, 1959. The following winter, locals submitted thousands of ideas for the Boston football team's official name. On February 20, 1960, Sullivan chose`` Boston Patriots'', with ``Patriots ''referring to those colonists of the Thirteen Colonies who rebelled against British control during the American Revolution and in July 1776 declared the United States of America an independent nation.`` Patriots'' as a nickname had been suggested by 74 fans, among them Larry Kepnes. Immediately thereafter, artist Phil Bissell developed the ``Pat Patriot ''logo. Title: Josh Ashton Passage: Josh Ashton (August 24, 1949 – October 4, 1993) was a professional American football player who played running back for four seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the New England Patriots and St. Louis Cardinals. He also played one season in the Canadian Football League with the BC Lions in 1971. Title: Torrance Small Passage: Torrance Ramon Small (born September 4, 1970) is a former professional American football wide receiver in the National Football League for ten seasons for the New Orleans Saints, the St. Louis Rams, the Indianapolis Colts, the Philadelphia Eagles, and the New England Patriots. Title: 2017 NFL season Passage: The 2017 NFL season is the 98th and current season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 7, 2017, with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42 -- 27 in the NFL Kickoff Game. The season will conclude with Super Bowl LII, the league's championship game, on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Title: Super Bowl XX Passage: Super Bowl XX was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Chicago Bears and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1985 season. The Bears defeated the Patriots by the score of 46 -- 10, capturing their first NFL championship (and Chicago's first overall sports victory) since 1963, three years prior to the birth of the Super Bowl. Super Bowl XX was played on January 26, 1986 at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans. Title: Lester Williams Passage: Lester Williams (January 19, 1959 – August 16, 2017) was an American football defensive tackle in the National Football League, mainly for the New England Patriots, including the team's first Super Bowl appearance. He finished his career with the San Diego Chargers in 1986 and the Seattle Seahawks in 1987. Title: New England Patriots Passage: The New England Patriots are a professional American football team based in the Greater Boston region. The Patriots compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) East division. The team plays its home games at Gillette Stadium in the town of Foxborough, Massachusetts, which is located 21 miles (34 km) southwest of downtown Boston and 20 miles (32 km) northeast of downtown Providence, Rhode Island. The Patriots are also headquartered at Gillette Stadium. Title: Boston Passage: While they have played in suburban Foxborough since 1971, the New England Patriots of the National Football League were founded in 1960 as the Boston Patriots, changing their name after relocating. The team won the Super Bowl after the 2001, 2003, 2004, and 2014 seasons. They share Gillette Stadium with the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer. The Boston Breakers of Women's Professional Soccer, which formed in 2009, play their home games at Dilboy Stadium in Somerville. Title: Sony Michel Passage: Sony Michel (born February 17, 1995) is an American football running back for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Georgia. Title: Patrick Chung Passage: Patrick Christopher Chung (born August 19, 1987) is a Jamaican-born American football strong safety for the New England Patriots of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Patriots in the second round of the 2009 NFL Draft. He played college football at Oregon and has also been a member of the Philadelphia Eagles. Title: Super Bowl XXXVIII Passage: Super Bowl XXXVIII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Carolina Panthers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2003 season. The Patriots defeated the Panthers by the score of 32 - 29. The game was played at Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas, on February 1, 2004. At the time, this was the most watched Super Bowl ever with 144.4 million viewers. Title: Super Bowl XLII Passage: Super Bowl XLII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New York Giants and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2007 season. The Giants defeated the Patriots by the score of 17 -- 14. The game was played on Sunday, February 3, 2008, at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona. Title: Matt Light Passage: Matthew Charles Light (born June 23, 1978) is a former American football offensive tackle who spent his entire eleven-year career playing for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Purdue University. He was picked by the Patriots in the second round of the 2001 NFL Draft. Title: Elgin Davis Passage: Davis was drafted by the New England Patriots in 1987, becoming the second player ever drafted out of the University of Central Florida. Davis played two seasons with the Patriots before signing with the Pittsburgh Steelers and later the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League.	[ "Boston", "Sports league ranking" ]
2hop__71900_712629	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since the coronation of William the Conqueror in 1066, all coronations of English and British monarchs have been in Westminster Abbey. There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100. Two were of reigning monarchs (Henry I and Richard II), although, before 1919, there had been none for some 500 years.", "title": "Westminster Abbey" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marquis Xi of Cai (蔡釐侯) (died 761 BC), given name Suǒshi (所事), was the eight ruler of the State of Cai from 809 BC to 761 BC. He was the only known son of Marquis Yi of Cai (蔡夷侯), his predecessor. His reign lasted for 48 years, the longest reign in Cai history. He was succeeded by his son.", "title": "Marquis Xi of Cai" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Esther Queen of Persia Queen Esther (1879) by Edwin Long Queen of Persia Reign c. 479 -- c. 465 BC Coronation c. 479 Predecessor Vashti Hadassah c. 492 BC Achaemenid Empire Burial Hamadan, Iran Spouse King Xerxes I of Persia House Persia Father Abihail (biological), Mordecai (adoptive) Religion Judaism", "title": "Esther" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The championship is generally contested in professional wrestling matches, in which participants execute scripted finishes rather than contend in direct competition. Some reigns were held by champions using a ring name, while others use their real name. The first champion was Buddy Rogers, who won the championship in 1963. The champion with the single longest reign is Bruno Sammartino with a reign of 2,803 days, while the record for longest combined reign is also held by Sammartino at 4,040. The current champion is AJ Styles, who is in his second reign. He won the championship by defeating Jinder Mahal on SmackDown in Manchester, England on November 7, 2017.", "title": "List of WWE Champions" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The stable originally debuted on the July 21, 2014 episode of Raw, but made their official television debut as The New Day in November 2014. On April 2015 at Extreme Rules, they won their first WWE Tag Team Championship. They lost the championship to The Prime Time Players the following month at Money in the Bank, but won it back in August at SummerSlam; their second reign became the longest in the title's history, the first to last more than a year, and the last with the title being the sole tag team championship in WWE. On December 14, 2016, they became the longest reigning tag team champions in WWE history (beating Demolition's 28 - year - old record of 478 days with WWE's original World Tag Team Championship) and the longest reigning champions for any WWE championship over the last two decades; they lost the renamed Raw Tag Team Championship four days later to Cesaro and Sheamus. After being drafted to SmackDown in April 2017, they went on to capture the SmackDown Tag Team Championship on two separate occasions.", "title": "The New Day (professional wrestling)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fabulous Moolah's first reign is the longest reign, and is officially recognized to be 10,170 days, due to WWE not recognizing title changes between 1956 and 1984 (her first reign's real number is 3,651 days, which is still the longest reign). Moolah technically also has the most reigns at 8, but since the WWE does not recognize the title changes between 1956 and 1984, Moolah only has 4 reigns and Trish Stratus has the most reigns with 7. Mickie James has the shortest reign with 1 hour. Wendi Richter is the youngest champion at the age of 22 years and 10 months, and Moolah is the oldest at the age of 76 years and 106 days. Bertha Faye is the heaviest champion and The Kat is the lightest champion. Chyna is the only undefeated champion. The final champion was Layla, in her first and only reign.", "title": "List of WWE Women's Champions" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Queen Elizabeth II became the longest - reigning British monarch on 9 September 2015 when she surpassed the reign of her great - great - grandmother Victoria. On 6 February 2017 she became the first British monarch to celebrate a sapphire jubilee, commemorating 65 years on the throne.", "title": "List of monarchs in Britain by length of reign" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The British farthing (1⁄4d) coin, from ``fourthing '', was a unit of currency of one quarter of a penny, or 1 / 960 of a pound sterling. It was minted in bronze, and replaced the earlier copper farthings. It was used during the reign of six monarchs: Victoria, Edward VII, George V, Edward VIII, George VI and Elizabeth II, ceasing to be legal tender in 1960. It featured two different designs on its reverse during its 100 years in circulation: from 1860 until 1936, the image of Britannia; and from 1937 onwards, the image of a wren. Like all British coinage, it bore the portrait of the monarch on the obverse.", "title": "Farthing (British coin)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The longest - lived British monarch and ruler is Queen Elizabeth II, the current monarch, who is aged 7004334780000000000 ♠ 91 years, 240 days.", "title": "List of British monarchy records" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife (Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar; 20 February 1867 – 4 January 1931) was the third child and the eldest daughter of the British king Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark; she was a younger sister of George V. She was the eldest granddaughter of Christian IX of Denmark. In 1905, her father gave her the title of Princess Royal, which is usually bestowed on the eldest daughter of the British monarch if there is no living holder (e.g. the monarch's sister, designated in the previous reign).", "title": "Louise, Princess Royal" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale (Albert Victor Christian Edward; 8 January 1864 – 14 January 1892), was the eldest child of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra) and grandson of the reigning British monarch, Queen Victoria. From the time of his birth, he was second in the line of succession to the British throne, but never became king because he died before his father and grandmother.", "title": "Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The half crown was a denomination of British money, equivalent to two shillings and sixpence, or one - eighth of a pound. The half crown was first issued in 1549, in the reign of Edward VI. No half crowns were issued in the reign of Mary, but from the reign of Elizabeth I half crowns were issued in every reign except Edward VIII, until the coins were discontinued in 1967.", "title": "Half crown (British coin)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood (Victoria Alexandra Alice Mary; 25 April 1897 – 28 March 1965) was a member of the British royal family. She was the third child and only daughter of King George V and Queen Mary and was born during the reign of Queen Victoria, her great-grandmother. Mary was the paternal aunt of the current British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II. Her education started at home. World War I brought Mary out of seclusion as she launched a charity campaign to support British troops and sailors. She eventually became a nurse. Mary married Viscount Lascelles (later the Earl of Harewood) in 1922. She was an avid collector of jewellery.", "title": "Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth's many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and reciprocal visits to and from the Pope. She has seen major constitutional changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation, and the decolonisation of Africa. She has also reigned through various wars and conflicts involving many of her realms. She is the world's oldest reigning monarch as well as Britain's longest-lived. In 2015, she surpassed the reign of her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-reigning British head of state and the longest-reigning queen regnant in world history.", "title": "Elizabeth II" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since 1066, when Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror were crowned, the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held there. There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100. Two were of reigning monarchs (Henry I and Richard II), although, before 1919, there had been none for some 500 years.", "title": "Westminster Abbey" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pōmare V (3 November 1839 – 12 June 1891) was the last monarch of Tahiti, reigning from 1877 until his forced abdication in 1880. He was the son of Queen Pōmare IV.", "title": "Pōmare V" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buckingham Palace (UK: / ˈbʌkɪŋəm ˈpælɪs /) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning.", "title": "Buckingham Palace" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tahmasp I (; , ) (22 February 1514 – 14 May 1576) was an influential Shah of Iran, who enjoyed the longest reign of any member of the Safavid dynasty. He was the son and successor of Ismail I.", "title": "Tahmasp I" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Through Victoria's reign, the gradual establishment of a modern constitutional monarchy in Britain continued. Reforms of the voting system increased the power of the House of Commons at the expense of the House of Lords and the monarch. In 1867, Walter Bagehot wrote that the monarch only retained \"the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, and the right to warn\". As Victoria's monarchy became more symbolic than political, it placed a strong emphasis on morality and family values, in contrast to the sexual, financial and personal scandals that had been associated with previous members of the House of Hanover and which had discredited the monarchy. The concept of the \"family monarchy\", with which the burgeoning middle classes could identify, was solidified.", "title": "Queen Victoria" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth was worn by the future Queen Elizabeth II at her wedding to Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November 1947 in Westminster Abbey. Given the rationing of clothing at the time, she still had to purchase the material using ration coupons. The dress was designed by Norman Hartnell. Hartnell's signature was said to be embroidery, and he enjoyed \"working with soft, floating fabrics, particularly tulle and chiffon, and with plain, lustrous silks\". The dress was made of soft Damascus Prokar, with a high neckline, tailored bodice and a short train.", "title": "Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth" } ]	Who is the spouse of the longest reigning British monarch?	Philip Mountbatten	[]	Title: List of WWE Champions Passage: The championship is generally contested in professional wrestling matches, in which participants execute scripted finishes rather than contend in direct competition. Some reigns were held by champions using a ring name, while others use their real name. The first champion was Buddy Rogers, who won the championship in 1963. The champion with the single longest reign is Bruno Sammartino with a reign of 2,803 days, while the record for longest combined reign is also held by Sammartino at 4,040. The current champion is AJ Styles, who is in his second reign. He won the championship by defeating Jinder Mahal on SmackDown in Manchester, England on November 7, 2017. Title: Half crown (British coin) Passage: The half crown was a denomination of British money, equivalent to two shillings and sixpence, or one - eighth of a pound. The half crown was first issued in 1549, in the reign of Edward VI. No half crowns were issued in the reign of Mary, but from the reign of Elizabeth I half crowns were issued in every reign except Edward VIII, until the coins were discontinued in 1967. Title: Westminster Abbey Passage: Since 1066, when Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror were crowned, the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held there. There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100. Two were of reigning monarchs (Henry I and Richard II), although, before 1919, there had been none for some 500 years. Title: Queen Victoria Passage: Through Victoria's reign, the gradual establishment of a modern constitutional monarchy in Britain continued. Reforms of the voting system increased the power of the House of Commons at the expense of the House of Lords and the monarch. In 1867, Walter Bagehot wrote that the monarch only retained "the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, and the right to warn". As Victoria's monarchy became more symbolic than political, it placed a strong emphasis on morality and family values, in contrast to the sexual, financial and personal scandals that had been associated with previous members of the House of Hanover and which had discredited the monarchy. The concept of the "family monarchy", with which the burgeoning middle classes could identify, was solidified. Title: Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood Passage: Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood (Victoria Alexandra Alice Mary; 25 April 1897 – 28 March 1965) was a member of the British royal family. She was the third child and only daughter of King George V and Queen Mary and was born during the reign of Queen Victoria, her great-grandmother. Mary was the paternal aunt of the current British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II. Her education started at home. World War I brought Mary out of seclusion as she launched a charity campaign to support British troops and sailors. She eventually became a nurse. Mary married Viscount Lascelles (later the Earl of Harewood) in 1922. She was an avid collector of jewellery. Title: Pōmare V Passage: Pōmare V (3 November 1839 – 12 June 1891) was the last monarch of Tahiti, reigning from 1877 until his forced abdication in 1880. He was the son of Queen Pōmare IV. Title: Buckingham Palace Passage: Buckingham Palace (UK: / ˈbʌkɪŋəm ˈpælɪs /) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning. Title: List of British monarchy records Passage: The longest - lived British monarch and ruler is Queen Elizabeth II, the current monarch, who is aged 7004334780000000000 ♠ 91 years, 240 days. Title: The New Day (professional wrestling) Passage: The stable originally debuted on the July 21, 2014 episode of Raw, but made their official television debut as The New Day in November 2014. On April 2015 at Extreme Rules, they won their first WWE Tag Team Championship. They lost the championship to The Prime Time Players the following month at Money in the Bank, but won it back in August at SummerSlam; their second reign became the longest in the title's history, the first to last more than a year, and the last with the title being the sole tag team championship in WWE. On December 14, 2016, they became the longest reigning tag team champions in WWE history (beating Demolition's 28 - year - old record of 478 days with WWE's original World Tag Team Championship) and the longest reigning champions for any WWE championship over the last two decades; they lost the renamed Raw Tag Team Championship four days later to Cesaro and Sheamus. After being drafted to SmackDown in April 2017, they went on to capture the SmackDown Tag Team Championship on two separate occasions. Title: Marquis Xi of Cai Passage: Marquis Xi of Cai (蔡釐侯) (died 761 BC), given name Suǒshi (所事), was the eight ruler of the State of Cai from 809 BC to 761 BC. He was the only known son of Marquis Yi of Cai (蔡夷侯), his predecessor. His reign lasted for 48 years, the longest reign in Cai history. He was succeeded by his son. Title: Esther Passage: Esther Queen of Persia Queen Esther (1879) by Edwin Long Queen of Persia Reign c. 479 -- c. 465 BC Coronation c. 479 Predecessor Vashti Hadassah c. 492 BC Achaemenid Empire Burial Hamadan, Iran Spouse King Xerxes I of Persia House Persia Father Abihail (biological), Mordecai (adoptive) Religion Judaism Title: Louise, Princess Royal Passage: Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife (Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar; 20 February 1867 – 4 January 1931) was the third child and the eldest daughter of the British king Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark; she was a younger sister of George V. She was the eldest granddaughter of Christian IX of Denmark. In 1905, her father gave her the title of Princess Royal, which is usually bestowed on the eldest daughter of the British monarch if there is no living holder (e.g. the monarch's sister, designated in the previous reign). Title: List of WWE Women's Champions Passage: The Fabulous Moolah's first reign is the longest reign, and is officially recognized to be 10,170 days, due to WWE not recognizing title changes between 1956 and 1984 (her first reign's real number is 3,651 days, which is still the longest reign). Moolah technically also has the most reigns at 8, but since the WWE does not recognize the title changes between 1956 and 1984, Moolah only has 4 reigns and Trish Stratus has the most reigns with 7. Mickie James has the shortest reign with 1 hour. Wendi Richter is the youngest champion at the age of 22 years and 10 months, and Moolah is the oldest at the age of 76 years and 106 days. Bertha Faye is the heaviest champion and The Kat is the lightest champion. Chyna is the only undefeated champion. The final champion was Layla, in her first and only reign. Title: Farthing (British coin) Passage: The British farthing (1⁄4d) coin, from ``fourthing '', was a unit of currency of one quarter of a penny, or 1 / 960 of a pound sterling. It was minted in bronze, and replaced the earlier copper farthings. It was used during the reign of six monarchs: Victoria, Edward VII, George V, Edward VIII, George VI and Elizabeth II, ceasing to be legal tender in 1960. It featured two different designs on its reverse during its 100 years in circulation: from 1860 until 1936, the image of Britannia; and from 1937 onwards, the image of a wren. Like all British coinage, it bore the portrait of the monarch on the obverse. Title: List of monarchs in Britain by length of reign Passage: Queen Elizabeth II became the longest - reigning British monarch on 9 September 2015 when she surpassed the reign of her great - great - grandmother Victoria. On 6 February 2017 she became the first British monarch to celebrate a sapphire jubilee, commemorating 65 years on the throne. Title: Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale Passage: Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale (Albert Victor Christian Edward; 8 January 1864 – 14 January 1892), was the eldest child of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra) and grandson of the reigning British monarch, Queen Victoria. From the time of his birth, he was second in the line of succession to the British throne, but never became king because he died before his father and grandmother. Title: Elizabeth II Passage: Elizabeth's many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and reciprocal visits to and from the Pope. She has seen major constitutional changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation, and the decolonisation of Africa. She has also reigned through various wars and conflicts involving many of her realms. She is the world's oldest reigning monarch as well as Britain's longest-lived. In 2015, she surpassed the reign of her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-reigning British head of state and the longest-reigning queen regnant in world history. Title: Westminster Abbey Passage: Since the coronation of William the Conqueror in 1066, all coronations of English and British monarchs have been in Westminster Abbey. There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100. Two were of reigning monarchs (Henry I and Richard II), although, before 1919, there had been none for some 500 years. Title: Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth Passage: The wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth was worn by the future Queen Elizabeth II at her wedding to Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November 1947 in Westminster Abbey. Given the rationing of clothing at the time, she still had to purchase the material using ration coupons. The dress was designed by Norman Hartnell. Hartnell's signature was said to be embroidery, and he enjoyed "working with soft, floating fabrics, particularly tulle and chiffon, and with plain, lustrous silks". The dress was made of soft Damascus Prokar, with a high neckline, tailored bodice and a short train. Title: Tahmasp I Passage: Tahmasp I (; , ) (22 February 1514 – 14 May 1576) was an influential Shah of Iran, who enjoyed the longest reign of any member of the Safavid dynasty. He was the son and successor of Ismail I.	[ "List of monarchs in Britain by length of reign", "Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth" ]
2hop__66167_88526	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 6'8\" forward, Henderson played at the University of Georgia during the 1980s and was selected by the Atlanta Hawks in the second round of the 1986 NBA Draft. He split the 1986-87 NBA season with the Hawks and Milwaukee Bucks, averaging 1.4 points and 1.0 rebounds in 8 games.", "title": "Cedric Henderson (basketball, born 1965)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Wilt Chamberlain holds the all - time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961 -- 62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959 -- 60 season. Among active players, Kevin Durant has the highest point total (2,593) and the highest scoring average (32.0) in a season; both were achieved in the 2013 -- 14 season.", "title": "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Hubert Farmer (born September 23, 1964) is a retired American professional basketball player who was drafted by the Dallas Mavericks in the first round (20th pick overall) of the 1987 NBA draft. Farmer, a 6'4\" 190 lb small forward, played for the Mavericks, Utah Jazz, Seattle SuperSonics, Philadelphia 76ers, and Denver Nuggets in 5 NBA seasons. His best stint as an NBA player was during the 1990-91 season when he appeared in 25 games for the Nuggets and averaged 10.0 ppg. He played collegiately at the University of Alabama.", "title": "Jim Farmer" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Desmond Mason was drafted out of Oklahoma State University by the Seattle SuperSonics with the 17th pick of the 2000 NBA draft. In 2001, he became the first SuperSonics' player in franchise history to win the NBA Slam Dunk Contest. He also finished in second place in the 2003 contest behind Jason Richardson. In 2003, he and Gary Payton were traded to the Milwaukee Bucks in exchange for Ray Allen and Ronald Murray. On October 26, 2005, he was traded along with a first-round draft pick in the 2006 NBA draft to the New Orleans Hornets in exchange for Jamaal Magloire. On July 23, 2007, Mason signed a contract with the Bucks after a two-season absence. Initially angry with Bucks general manager Larry Harris for trading him in 2005, Mason said he was happy to be back in Milwaukee.", "title": "Desmond Mason" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1950 NBA draft was the fourth annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). This is the first draft after the Basketball Association of America (BAA) was renamed the NBA. The draft was held on April 25, 1950, before the 1950–51 season. In this draft, 12 remaining NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players. In each round, the teams select in reverse order of their win–loss record in the previous season. The Chicago Stags participated in the draft but folded prior to the start of the season. The draft consisted of 12 rounds comprising 121 players selected.", "title": "1950 NBA draft" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cazzie Lee Russell (born June 7, 1944) is an American former professional basketball player and coach. An NBA All-Star, he was selected by the New York Knicks with the first overall pick of the 1966 NBA draft. He won an NBA championship with the Knicks in 1970.", "title": "Cazzie Russell" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marcus Osmond Smart (born March 6, 1994) is an American professional basketball player for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Oklahoma State Cowboys before being drafted with the sixth overall pick in the 2014 NBA draft.", "title": "Marcus Smart" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.", "title": "2007 NBA draft" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Matt Kelly Barnes (born March 9, 1980) is an American retired professional basketball player who played 14 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Barnes was drafted in the second round of the 2002 NBA draft by the Memphis Grizzlies. He won an NBA championship with the Golden State Warriors in his last season with the league in 2017.", "title": "Matt Barnes" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2016 NBA draft was held on June 23, 2016, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn. It was televised nationally in the U.S. by ESPN, and was live streamed for the first time in NBA draft history by The Vertical. National Basketball Association (NBA) teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. The draft lottery took place during the playoffs, on May 17, 2016. This was the first time since the lottery system was introduced in 1985 that all NBA teams that missed out on the playoffs remained in the exact spots they were designated, meaning the 10 - win / 72 - loss Philadelphia 76ers received the No. 1 pick, the Los Angeles Lakers kept the No. 2 pick, the Boston Celtics via the Brooklyn Nets got the No. 3 pick, and everyone else stayed in their same spots based on the regular season standings from the 2015 -- 16 season.", "title": "2016 NBA draft" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rik Smits (born August 23, 1966), nicknamed \"the Dunking Dutchman\", is a Dutch retired professional basketball player who spent his entire career with the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) The center was drafted by the Pacers out of Marist College with the second overall pick in the 1988 NBA draft. An NBA All-Star in 1998, Smits reached the NBA Finals in 2000.", "title": "Rik Smits" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Dallas, Texas, Sasser graduated from Justin F. Kimball High School and played college basketball at Southern Methodist University. He was selected by the Orlando Magic as the 22nd pick in the 2001 NBA Draft. In two seasons for the Magic (his only in the NBA) he averaged 2.5 points per game.", "title": "Jeryl Sasser" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2017 -- 18 NBA season League National Basketball Association Sport Basketball Duration October 17, 2017 -- April 11, 2018 April 14 -- May 28, 2018 (Playoffs) May 31 -- June 17, 2018 (Finals) Number of games 82 Number of teams 30 TV partner (s) ABC, TNT, ESPN, NBA TV Draft Top draft pick Markelle Fultz Picked by Philadelphia 76ers Regular season Playoffs Finals NBA seasons ← 2016 -- 17 2018 -- 19 →", "title": "2017–18 NBA season" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jonas Valančiūnas (; born 6 May 1992) is a Lithuanian professional basketball player for the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was selected by the Toronto Raptors with the fifth overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft.", "title": "Jonas Valančiūnas" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2002 NBA draft was held on June 26, 2002, at The Theater at Madison Square Garden. In this draft, National Basketball Association (NBA) teams took turns selecting 57 amateur college basketball players and other first-time eligible players, such as players from non-North American leagues. The draft was broadcast on TNT at 7:30 PM (EDT). The NBA announced that about 42 college and high school players, and five international players, had filed as early-entry candidates for the draft. The Chicago Bulls and the Golden State Warriors both had a 22.5 percent probability of acquiring the first overall pick, but the Houston Rockets, with an 8.9 percent probability, won the NBA draft lottery on May 19. The Bulls and Warriors were second and third, respectively. As punishment for salary-cap violations during the 2000–01 season, the Minnesota Timberwolves forfeited their first-round draft pick.", "title": "2002 NBA draft" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James L. Bailey (born May 21, 1957) is a retired American professional basketball player. A 6'9\" (2.06 m) forward/center from Rutgers University, he was selected with the 6th pick of the 1979 NBA Draft by the Seattle SuperSonics. Nicknamed \"Jammin' James,\" he spent 9 seasons (1979–1988) in the National Basketball Association (NBA), playing for the Sonics as well as the New Jersey Nets, Houston Rockets, New York Knicks, and Phoenix Suns. He ended his NBA career with 5,246 total points.", "title": "James Bailey (basketball)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Young (born August 16, 1995) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Wisconsin Herd of the NBA G League. He played one season of college basketball for the Kentucky Wildcats before being selected with the 17th overall pick in the 2014 NBA draft by the Boston Celtics. He spent the majority of his rookie NBA season playing in the NBA Development League for the Celtics' affiliate team, the Maine Red Claws.", "title": "James Young (basketball)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Rudometkin (June 6, 1940 – August 4, 2015) was an American professional basketball player, formerly of the New York Knicks and San Francisco Warriors in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was selected in the second round as the 11th pick in the 1962 NBA draft by the Knicks and spent three seasons playing in the league. Rudometkin was nicknamed \"the Reckless Russian\" by Chick Hearn, the Los Angeles Lakers broadcaster who used to broadcast USC men's basketball games before transitioning to the NBA.", "title": "John Rudometkin" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Baker was selected by the Philadelphia 76ers in the 3rd round (39th pick overall) of the 1975 NBA Draft, and played for the Kentucky Colonels in the American Basketball Association for 5 games during the 1975-76 ABA season.", "title": "Jimmie Baker (basketball)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2017 -- 18 NBA season League National Basketball Association Sport Basketball Duration October 17, 2017 -- April 11, 2018 April 14 -- May 28, 2018 (Playoffs) May 31 -- June 17, 2018 (Finals) Number of games 82 Number of teams 30 TV partner (s) ABC, TNT, ESPN, NBA TV Draft Top draft pick Markelle Fultz Picked by Philadelphia 76ers Regular season Top seed Houston Rockets Top scorer James Harden (Houston) Playoffs Finals NBA seasons ← 2016 -- 17 2018 -- 19 →", "title": "2017–18 NBA season" } ]	Who was picked before the player who has the most points in an NBA season in the NBA draft?	Greg Oden	[]	Title: Jonas Valančiūnas Passage: Jonas Valančiūnas (; born 6 May 1992) is a Lithuanian professional basketball player for the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was selected by the Toronto Raptors with the fifth overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft. Title: Desmond Mason Passage: Desmond Mason was drafted out of Oklahoma State University by the Seattle SuperSonics with the 17th pick of the 2000 NBA draft. In 2001, he became the first SuperSonics' player in franchise history to win the NBA Slam Dunk Contest. He also finished in second place in the 2003 contest behind Jason Richardson. In 2003, he and Gary Payton were traded to the Milwaukee Bucks in exchange for Ray Allen and Ronald Murray. On October 26, 2005, he was traded along with a first-round draft pick in the 2006 NBA draft to the New Orleans Hornets in exchange for Jamaal Magloire. On July 23, 2007, Mason signed a contract with the Bucks after a two-season absence. Initially angry with Bucks general manager Larry Harris for trading him in 2005, Mason said he was happy to be back in Milwaukee. Title: 1950 NBA draft Passage: The 1950 NBA draft was the fourth annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). This is the first draft after the Basketball Association of America (BAA) was renamed the NBA. The draft was held on April 25, 1950, before the 1950–51 season. In this draft, 12 remaining NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players. In each round, the teams select in reverse order of their win–loss record in the previous season. The Chicago Stags participated in the draft but folded prior to the start of the season. The draft consisted of 12 rounds comprising 121 players selected. Title: James Young (basketball) Passage: James Young (born August 16, 1995) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Wisconsin Herd of the NBA G League. He played one season of college basketball for the Kentucky Wildcats before being selected with the 17th overall pick in the 2014 NBA draft by the Boston Celtics. He spent the majority of his rookie NBA season playing in the NBA Development League for the Celtics' affiliate team, the Maine Red Claws. Title: 2002 NBA draft Passage: The 2002 NBA draft was held on June 26, 2002, at The Theater at Madison Square Garden. In this draft, National Basketball Association (NBA) teams took turns selecting 57 amateur college basketball players and other first-time eligible players, such as players from non-North American leagues. The draft was broadcast on TNT at 7:30 PM (EDT). The NBA announced that about 42 college and high school players, and five international players, had filed as early-entry candidates for the draft. The Chicago Bulls and the Golden State Warriors both had a 22.5 percent probability of acquiring the first overall pick, but the Houston Rockets, with an 8.9 percent probability, won the NBA draft lottery on May 19. The Bulls and Warriors were second and third, respectively. As punishment for salary-cap violations during the 2000–01 season, the Minnesota Timberwolves forfeited their first-round draft pick. Title: Jim Farmer Passage: James Hubert Farmer (born September 23, 1964) is a retired American professional basketball player who was drafted by the Dallas Mavericks in the first round (20th pick overall) of the 1987 NBA draft. Farmer, a 6'4" 190 lb small forward, played for the Mavericks, Utah Jazz, Seattle SuperSonics, Philadelphia 76ers, and Denver Nuggets in 5 NBA seasons. His best stint as an NBA player was during the 1990-91 season when he appeared in 25 games for the Nuggets and averaged 10.0 ppg. He played collegiately at the University of Alabama. Title: Cazzie Russell Passage: Cazzie Lee Russell (born June 7, 1944) is an American former professional basketball player and coach. An NBA All-Star, he was selected by the New York Knicks with the first overall pick of the 1966 NBA draft. He won an NBA championship with the Knicks in 1970. Title: Jimmie Baker (basketball) Passage: Baker was selected by the Philadelphia 76ers in the 3rd round (39th pick overall) of the 1975 NBA Draft, and played for the Kentucky Colonels in the American Basketball Association for 5 games during the 1975-76 ABA season. Title: Rik Smits Passage: Rik Smits (born August 23, 1966), nicknamed "the Dunking Dutchman", is a Dutch retired professional basketball player who spent his entire career with the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) The center was drafted by the Pacers out of Marist College with the second overall pick in the 1988 NBA draft. An NBA All-Star in 1998, Smits reached the NBA Finals in 2000. Title: 2016 NBA draft Passage: The 2016 NBA draft was held on June 23, 2016, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn. It was televised nationally in the U.S. by ESPN, and was live streamed for the first time in NBA draft history by The Vertical. National Basketball Association (NBA) teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. The draft lottery took place during the playoffs, on May 17, 2016. This was the first time since the lottery system was introduced in 1985 that all NBA teams that missed out on the playoffs remained in the exact spots they were designated, meaning the 10 - win / 72 - loss Philadelphia 76ers received the No. 1 pick, the Los Angeles Lakers kept the No. 2 pick, the Boston Celtics via the Brooklyn Nets got the No. 3 pick, and everyone else stayed in their same spots based on the regular season standings from the 2015 -- 16 season. Title: James Bailey (basketball) Passage: James L. Bailey (born May 21, 1957) is a retired American professional basketball player. A 6'9" (2.06 m) forward/center from Rutgers University, he was selected with the 6th pick of the 1979 NBA Draft by the Seattle SuperSonics. Nicknamed "Jammin' James," he spent 9 seasons (1979–1988) in the National Basketball Association (NBA), playing for the Sonics as well as the New Jersey Nets, Houston Rockets, New York Knicks, and Phoenix Suns. He ended his NBA career with 5,246 total points. Title: Cedric Henderson (basketball, born 1965) Passage: A 6'8" forward, Henderson played at the University of Georgia during the 1980s and was selected by the Atlanta Hawks in the second round of the 1986 NBA Draft. He split the 1986-87 NBA season with the Hawks and Milwaukee Bucks, averaging 1.4 points and 1.0 rebounds in 8 games. Title: Marcus Smart Passage: Marcus Osmond Smart (born March 6, 1994) is an American professional basketball player for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Oklahoma State Cowboys before being drafted with the sixth overall pick in the 2014 NBA draft. Title: List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders Passage: Wilt Chamberlain holds the all - time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961 -- 62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959 -- 60 season. Among active players, Kevin Durant has the highest point total (2,593) and the highest scoring average (32.0) in a season; both were achieved in the 2013 -- 14 season. Title: 2007 NBA draft Passage: Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010. Title: 2017–18 NBA season Passage: 2017 -- 18 NBA season League National Basketball Association Sport Basketball Duration October 17, 2017 -- April 11, 2018 April 14 -- May 28, 2018 (Playoffs) May 31 -- June 17, 2018 (Finals) Number of games 82 Number of teams 30 TV partner (s) ABC, TNT, ESPN, NBA TV Draft Top draft pick Markelle Fultz Picked by Philadelphia 76ers Regular season Playoffs Finals NBA seasons ← 2016 -- 17 2018 -- 19 → Title: John Rudometkin Passage: John Rudometkin (June 6, 1940 – August 4, 2015) was an American professional basketball player, formerly of the New York Knicks and San Francisco Warriors in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was selected in the second round as the 11th pick in the 1962 NBA draft by the Knicks and spent three seasons playing in the league. Rudometkin was nicknamed "the Reckless Russian" by Chick Hearn, the Los Angeles Lakers broadcaster who used to broadcast USC men's basketball games before transitioning to the NBA. Title: Jeryl Sasser Passage: Born in Dallas, Texas, Sasser graduated from Justin F. Kimball High School and played college basketball at Southern Methodist University. He was selected by the Orlando Magic as the 22nd pick in the 2001 NBA Draft. In two seasons for the Magic (his only in the NBA) he averaged 2.5 points per game. Title: Matt Barnes Passage: Matt Kelly Barnes (born March 9, 1980) is an American retired professional basketball player who played 14 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Barnes was drafted in the second round of the 2002 NBA draft by the Memphis Grizzlies. He won an NBA championship with the Golden State Warriors in his last season with the league in 2017. Title: 2017–18 NBA season Passage: 2017 -- 18 NBA season League National Basketball Association Sport Basketball Duration October 17, 2017 -- April 11, 2018 April 14 -- May 28, 2018 (Playoffs) May 31 -- June 17, 2018 (Finals) Number of games 82 Number of teams 30 TV partner (s) ABC, TNT, ESPN, NBA TV Draft Top draft pick Markelle Fultz Picked by Philadelphia 76ers Regular season Top seed Houston Rockets Top scorer James Harden (Houston) Playoffs Finals NBA seasons ← 2016 -- 17 2018 -- 19 →	[ "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders", "2007 NBA draft" ]
2hop__230022_68489	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lauren Alice Koslow (born March 9, 1953) is an American actress, best known for her long - running portrayal of Kate Roberts on the NBC dramatic serial Days of Our Lives, which she has played continuously since 1996. She previously appeared in the soaps The Bold and the Beautiful and The Young and the Restless.", "title": "Lauren Koslow" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The original Knight Rider series followed the adventures of Michael Knight, a modern - day crime fighter who uses a technologically advanced, artificially intelligent automobile. This car is virtually indestructible, due to a high - tech coating applied to it. This series debuted in 1982 and ran for four seasons on NBC. These adventures were continued with the television films Knight Rider 2000 and Knight Rider 2010 and the short - lived Team Knight Rider. One other television movie, Knight Rider, served as a pilot for the 2008 television series Knight Rider. In 1985, a spin - off series, Code of Vengeance, also premiered.", "title": "Knight Rider" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paul Augustine Leyden (born 16 December 1972) is an Australian actor, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for playing the role of Simon Frasier on the daytime soap opera As the World Turns. He played Simon in the 2009 mini series ``Maneater ''. He also had a brief stint on The Young and the Restless as`` Blake''.", "title": "Paul Leyden" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Michael Knight is a fictional character and the protagonist of the 1980s television series \"Knight Rider\", played by David Hasselhoff. The character first appeared in the opening scenes as Michael Long, played by Larry Anderson in the beginning of the pilot.", "title": "Michael Knight (Knight Rider)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daniel Richard Goddard (born 28 August 1971) is an Australian model and actor. He is known for his starring role as Dar on the syndicated action drama BeastMaster, based on the 1982 film The Beastmaster, and for playing Cane Ashby on the CBS daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless since 2007.", "title": "Daniel Goddard (actor)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scott ``Scotty ''Grainger, Jr. is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless. He was played by actor Blair Redford from July 2005 until January 2006. In January 2017, Soap Opera Digest announced that Daniel Hall had been recast in the role.", "title": "Scotty Grainger" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael Baldwin is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\". The role is portrayed by Christian LeBlanc, originally from November 26, 1991 to July 7, 1993, and again since April 25, 1997.", "title": "Michael Baldwin" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter Michael Bergman (born June 11, 1953) is an American actor best known for his portrayals as Dr. Cliff Warner on All My Children (1979 -- 89) as well as Jack Abbott on The Young and the Restless (1989 -- present).", "title": "Peter Bergman" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scott ``Scotty ''Grainger Jr. is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless. He was played by actor Blair Redford from July 2005 until January 2006. In January 2017, Soap Opera Digest announced that Daniel Hall had been recast in the role.", "title": "Scotty Grainger" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marla Adams (born August 28, 1938; Ocean City, New Jersey) is an American television actress, best known for her roles as Belle Clemens on The Secret Storm, from 1968 to 1974, and as Dina Abbott Mergeron on The Young and the Restless. As Belle Clemens, she was the show's reigning villainess for the last years of its run, stopping at almost nothing to destroy the life of the show's leading heroine, Amy Ames. Like Vicky and Dorian later on One Life to Live, the two rivals were at one time related through marriage. As Dina Abbott on The Young and the Restless from 1983 to 1986, in 1991 and again in 1996, she caused major disruptions in the lives of her three children and ex-husband John Abbott and his wife Jill. She reprised her role as Dina for three episodes on The Young and the Restless in 2008 when Katharine Chancellor was presumed dead. In May 2017, Adams returned to The Young and the Restless. The following March, Adams' performance garnered her an Emmy Nomination for Best Supporting Actress.", "title": "Marla Adams" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marie - Charms Mishael Morgan (born July 15, 1986) known professionally as Mishael Morgan, is a Trinidadian - Canadian actress known for the role of Hilary Curtis on CBS Daytime soap opera, The Young and the Restless.", "title": "Mishael Morgan" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eric Forrester is a fictional character from the American CBS Daytime soap opera \"The Bold and the Beautiful\", played by John McCook. He made his debut screen appearance on March 23, 1987, the show's first episode. The character appeared briefly on \"The Young and the Restless\" in 1993, 1995, 1996, 2005, 2008, 2013, and 2017. McCook had also played Lance Prentiss from 1976 to 1980.", "title": "Eric Forrester" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bryton Eric McClure (born August 17, 1986), also credited as Bryton James and Bryton, is an American actor, voice artist and singer. As a child actor, he played Richie Crawford on the ABC / CBS sitcom, Family Matters. He currently plays Devon Hamilton on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless.", "title": "Bryton James" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Snapper Foster is a fictional character on the CBS daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless. An original character since the show's inception, the role was played by William Gray Espy from March 26, 1973 to July 1975, and David Hasselhoff from 1975 to May 1982. Espy briefly reprised the character from February 28, 2003 to March 5, 2003, and Hasselhoff briefly reprised the role from June 15 -- 21, 2010.", "title": "Snapper Foster" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jess Walton (born February 18, 1949) is an American actress, best known for her role as Jill Abbott on the CBS soap opera, The Young and the Restless.", "title": "Jess Walton" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Danny Romalotti is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless, portrayed by Michael Damian. The character of Danny first appeared in Genoa City, the town where Y&R is set, in 1980. Damian and his character Danny exited the canvas in 1998, though the actor and character have returned on several occasions in 2002, 2003 to 2004, 2008 and 2012. A rock star, the character is known for his relationships with Lauren Fenmore, Christine ``Cricket ''Blair, and Phyllis Summers.", "title": "Danny Romalotti" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Originally considered for Gladys Knight & the Pips and later for Diana Ross, as ``I Wanna Be Free '',`` I Want You Back'' explores the theme of a lover who decides that he was too hasty in dropping his partner. An unusual aspect about ``I Want You Back ''was that its main lead vocal was performed by a tween, Michael Jackson.", "title": "I Want You Back" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "'The Playboy of the Western World' is a three - act play written by Irish playwright John Millington Synge and first performed at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, on 26 January 1907. It is set in Michael James Flaherty's public house in County Mayo (on the west coast of Ireland) during the early 1900s. It tells the story of Christy Mahon, a young man running away from his farm, claiming he killed his father.", "title": "The Playboy of the Western World" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daniel Richard Goddard (born 28 August 1971) is an Australian model and an actor. He is known for his starring role as Dar on the syndicated action drama BeastMaster, based on the 1982 film The Beastmaster, and for playing Cane Ashby on the CBS daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless since 2007.", "title": "Daniel Goddard (actor)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beau Kazer (May 22, 1951 -- December 30, 2014) was a Canadian actor who worked primarily on television. He was best known for his recurring role as Brock Reynolds on the American soap opera The Young and the Restless.", "title": "Beau Kazer" } ]	Who did the actor who played Michael Knight play on Young and Restless?	Snapper Foster	[]	Title: Jess Walton Passage: Jess Walton (born February 18, 1949) is an American actress, best known for her role as Jill Abbott on the CBS soap opera, The Young and the Restless. Title: Knight Rider Passage: The original Knight Rider series followed the adventures of Michael Knight, a modern - day crime fighter who uses a technologically advanced, artificially intelligent automobile. This car is virtually indestructible, due to a high - tech coating applied to it. This series debuted in 1982 and ran for four seasons on NBC. These adventures were continued with the television films Knight Rider 2000 and Knight Rider 2010 and the short - lived Team Knight Rider. One other television movie, Knight Rider, served as a pilot for the 2008 television series Knight Rider. In 1985, a spin - off series, Code of Vengeance, also premiered. Title: Michael Baldwin Passage: Michael Baldwin is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera "The Young and the Restless". The role is portrayed by Christian LeBlanc, originally from November 26, 1991 to July 7, 1993, and again since April 25, 1997. Title: Scotty Grainger Passage: Scott ``Scotty ''Grainger, Jr. is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless. He was played by actor Blair Redford from July 2005 until January 2006. In January 2017, Soap Opera Digest announced that Daniel Hall had been recast in the role. Title: Marla Adams Passage: Marla Adams (born August 28, 1938; Ocean City, New Jersey) is an American television actress, best known for her roles as Belle Clemens on The Secret Storm, from 1968 to 1974, and as Dina Abbott Mergeron on The Young and the Restless. As Belle Clemens, she was the show's reigning villainess for the last years of its run, stopping at almost nothing to destroy the life of the show's leading heroine, Amy Ames. Like Vicky and Dorian later on One Life to Live, the two rivals were at one time related through marriage. As Dina Abbott on The Young and the Restless from 1983 to 1986, in 1991 and again in 1996, she caused major disruptions in the lives of her three children and ex-husband John Abbott and his wife Jill. She reprised her role as Dina for three episodes on The Young and the Restless in 2008 when Katharine Chancellor was presumed dead. In May 2017, Adams returned to The Young and the Restless. The following March, Adams' performance garnered her an Emmy Nomination for Best Supporting Actress. Title: Paul Leyden Passage: Paul Augustine Leyden (born 16 December 1972) is an Australian actor, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for playing the role of Simon Frasier on the daytime soap opera As the World Turns. He played Simon in the 2009 mini series ``Maneater ''. He also had a brief stint on The Young and the Restless as`` Blake''. Title: Peter Bergman Passage: Peter Michael Bergman (born June 11, 1953) is an American actor best known for his portrayals as Dr. Cliff Warner on All My Children (1979 -- 89) as well as Jack Abbott on The Young and the Restless (1989 -- present). Title: The Playboy of the Western World Passage: 'The Playboy of the Western World' is a three - act play written by Irish playwright John Millington Synge and first performed at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, on 26 January 1907. It is set in Michael James Flaherty's public house in County Mayo (on the west coast of Ireland) during the early 1900s. It tells the story of Christy Mahon, a young man running away from his farm, claiming he killed his father. Title: Beau Kazer Passage: Beau Kazer (May 22, 1951 -- December 30, 2014) was a Canadian actor who worked primarily on television. He was best known for his recurring role as Brock Reynolds on the American soap opera The Young and the Restless. Title: Mishael Morgan Passage: Marie - Charms Mishael Morgan (born July 15, 1986) known professionally as Mishael Morgan, is a Trinidadian - Canadian actress known for the role of Hilary Curtis on CBS Daytime soap opera, The Young and the Restless. Title: Snapper Foster Passage: Snapper Foster is a fictional character on the CBS daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless. An original character since the show's inception, the role was played by William Gray Espy from March 26, 1973 to July 1975, and David Hasselhoff from 1975 to May 1982. Espy briefly reprised the character from February 28, 2003 to March 5, 2003, and Hasselhoff briefly reprised the role from June 15 -- 21, 2010. Title: Daniel Goddard (actor) Passage: Daniel Richard Goddard (born 28 August 1971) is an Australian model and actor. He is known for his starring role as Dar on the syndicated action drama BeastMaster, based on the 1982 film The Beastmaster, and for playing Cane Ashby on the CBS daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless since 2007. Title: Danny Romalotti Passage: Danny Romalotti is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless, portrayed by Michael Damian. The character of Danny first appeared in Genoa City, the town where Y&R is set, in 1980. Damian and his character Danny exited the canvas in 1998, though the actor and character have returned on several occasions in 2002, 2003 to 2004, 2008 and 2012. A rock star, the character is known for his relationships with Lauren Fenmore, Christine ``Cricket ''Blair, and Phyllis Summers. Title: Michael Knight (Knight Rider) Passage: Michael Knight is a fictional character and the protagonist of the 1980s television series "Knight Rider", played by David Hasselhoff. The character first appeared in the opening scenes as Michael Long, played by Larry Anderson in the beginning of the pilot. Title: Lauren Koslow Passage: Lauren Alice Koslow (born March 9, 1953) is an American actress, best known for her long - running portrayal of Kate Roberts on the NBC dramatic serial Days of Our Lives, which she has played continuously since 1996. She previously appeared in the soaps The Bold and the Beautiful and The Young and the Restless. Title: Scotty Grainger Passage: Scott ``Scotty ''Grainger Jr. is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless. He was played by actor Blair Redford from July 2005 until January 2006. In January 2017, Soap Opera Digest announced that Daniel Hall had been recast in the role. Title: I Want You Back Passage: Originally considered for Gladys Knight & the Pips and later for Diana Ross, as ``I Wanna Be Free '',`` I Want You Back'' explores the theme of a lover who decides that he was too hasty in dropping his partner. An unusual aspect about ``I Want You Back ''was that its main lead vocal was performed by a tween, Michael Jackson. Title: Bryton James Passage: Bryton Eric McClure (born August 17, 1986), also credited as Bryton James and Bryton, is an American actor, voice artist and singer. As a child actor, he played Richie Crawford on the ABC / CBS sitcom, Family Matters. He currently plays Devon Hamilton on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless. Title: Daniel Goddard (actor) Passage: Daniel Richard Goddard (born 28 August 1971) is an Australian model and an actor. He is known for his starring role as Dar on the syndicated action drama BeastMaster, based on the 1982 film The Beastmaster, and for playing Cane Ashby on the CBS daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless since 2007. Title: Eric Forrester Passage: Eric Forrester is a fictional character from the American CBS Daytime soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful", played by John McCook. He made his debut screen appearance on March 23, 1987, the show's first episode. The character appeared briefly on "The Young and the Restless" in 1993, 1995, 1996, 2005, 2008, 2013, and 2017. McCook had also played Lance Prentiss from 1976 to 1980.	[ "Michael Knight (Knight Rider)", "Snapper Foster" ]
2hop__463353_80420	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert Robinson Taylor (June 8, 1868 – December 13, 1942) was an American architect; the first accredited African-American architect. He was also the first African-American student enrolled at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1888. Additionally, he designed many of the buildings on the campus of Tuskegee University prior to 1932, and he served as second-in-command to its founder and first President, Booker T. Washington.", "title": "Robert Robinson Taylor" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eloísa Díaz Insunza (; June 25, 1866 – November 1, 1950), was the first female medical student to attend the University of Chile, and the first woman to become a doctor of medicine in Chile as well as the entire continent of South America.", "title": "Eloísa Díaz" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Oblate Sisters of Providence is a Roman Catholic women's religious institute, founded by Mother Mary Elizabeth Lange (1784 - 1882), OSP, and Rev. James Nicholas Joubert, SS in 1828 in Baltimore, Maryland for the education of girls of African descent. It was the first permanent community of Roman Catholic sisters of African descent in the United States. The Oblate Sisters were free women of color who sought to provide Baltimore's African American population with education and \"a corps of teachers from its own ranks.\" The congregation is also a member of the Women of Providence in Collaboration.", "title": "Oblate Sisters of Providence" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"She's Like the Wind\" is a 1987 power ballad from the film \"Dirty Dancing\", performed by Patrick Swayze. Though Swayze is the primary vocalist on the single, it was billed as being performed by \"Patrick Swayze & Wendy Fraser”. Fraser is heard throughout much of the song, specifically in the final chorus. The single reached number three on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number one on the Adult Contemporary chart.", "title": "She's Like the Wind" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The First Pan-African Conference was held in London from 23 to 25 July 1900 (just prior to the Paris Exhibition of 1900 ``in order to allow tourists of African descent to attend both events ''). Organized primarily by the Trinidadian barrister Henry Sylvester Williams, it took place in Westminster Hall and was attended by 37 delegates and about 10 other participants and observers from Africa, the West Indies, the US and the UK, including Samuel Coleridge Taylor (the youngest delegate), John Alcindor, Dadabhai Naoroji, John Archer, Henry Francis Downing, and W.E.B. Du Bois, with Bishop Alexander Walters of the AME Zion Church taking the chair. Du Bois played a leading role, drafting a letter (`` Address to the Nations of the World'') to European leaders appealing to them to struggle against racism, to grant colonies in Africa and the West Indies the right to self - government and demanding political and other rights for African Americans.", "title": "First Pan-African Conference" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rebecca Lee Crumpler, née Davis, (February 8, 1831 -- March 9, 1895) was an African American physician and author. Becoming a Doctor of Medicine in 1864 after studying at New England Female Medical College, she was the first African - American woman to become a physician in the United States. Rebecca graduated medical college and published her book at a time in history when very few African Americans were allowed to attend medical college or publish books. Crumpler first practiced medicine in Boston, primarily for poor women and children. After the American Civil War ended in 1865, she moved to Richmond, Virginia, believing it to be ``a proper field for real missionary work ''and to continue her focus on diseases of women and children. Crumpler worked for the Freedmen's Bureau to provide medical care to freed slaves; She was subject to`` intense racism'' and sexism while practicing medicine. She later moved back to Boston and ``entered into the work with renewed vigor, practicing outside, and receiving children in (her) house for treatment; regardless, in a measure, of remuneration. ''In 1883, she published A Book of Medical Discourses. Dedicated to nurses and mothers, it focused on the medical care of women and children and was one of the first publications written by an African American about medicine.In addition to being the only female physician author in the 19th century.name =`` NLM Biography'' / >", "title": "Rebecca Lee Crumpler" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mary Jane McLeod Bethune (born Mary Jane McLeod; July 10, 1875 -- May 18, 1955) was an American educator, stateswoman, philanthropist, humanitarian and civil rights activist best known for starting a private school for African - American students in Daytona Beach, Florida. She attracted donations of time and money, and developed the academic school as a college. It later continued to develop as Bethune - Cookman University. She also was appointed as a national adviser to president Franklin D. Roosevelt as part of what was known as his Black Cabinet. She was known as ``The First Lady of The Struggle ''because of her commitment to gain better lives for African Americans.", "title": "Mary McLeod Bethune" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Interracial relations between Indigenous Americans and African Americans is a part of American history that has been neglected. The earliest record of African and Indigenous American relations in the Americas occurred in April 1502, when the first Africans kidnapped were brought to Hispaniola to serve as slaves. Some escaped, and somewhere inland on Santo Domingo, the first Black Indians were born. In addition, an example of African slaves' escaping from European colonists and being absorbed by Indigenous Americans occurred as far back as 1526. In June of that year, Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon established a Spanish colony near the mouth of the Pee Dee River in what is now eastern South Carolina. The Spanish settlement was named San Miguel de Gualdape. Amongst the settlement were 100 enslaved Africans. In 1526, the first African slaves fled the colony and took refuge with local Indigenous Americans.", "title": "Multiracial Americans" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kayla Bashore-Smedley (born February 20, 1983 in Daegu, South Korea) is an American field hockey defender and midfielder. Now living in San Diego, California, she was a student of the Indiana University, where she played for the Hoosiers, and was the first player from that university to make the US National Field Hockey team. She represented the USA at the 2008 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Kayla Bashore Smedley" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melville Jean Herskovits (September 10, 1895 – February 25, 1963) was an American anthropologist who helped establish African and African-American studies in American academia. He is known for exploring the cultural continuity from African cultures as expressed in African-American communities. He worked with his wife Frances (Shapiro) Herskovits, also an anthropologist, in the field in South America, the Caribbean and Africa. They jointly wrote several books and monographs together.", "title": "Melville J. Herskovits" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ole Miss Rebels baseball team represents the University of Mississippi in NCAA Division I college baseball. The team participates in the West Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They are currently coached by head coach Mike Bianco and assistant coaches Mike Clement, Carl Lafferty, and Marc MacMillan. They play home games at Swayze Field. Ole Miss has played in the College World Series five times, most recently in 2014.", "title": "Ole Miss Rebels baseball" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Woodrow Wilson Classical High School is a formerly high - achieving school which has encountered some difficulties bearing its new racial integration plan. In 1994, in the aftermath of the Los Angeles riots, Erin Gruwell, an enthusiastic young teacher starts at the school. Her enthusiasm is challenged when she finds her class is composed of ``at - risk ''students, the`` untouchables,'' and not the eager - for - college students she expected. Her students self - segregate into racial groups within the classroom. This causes problems, as a gang fight between Hispanic and African - American students break out and, consequently, most of her students began to stop attending class. Not only is Gruwell challenged with gaining her students' trust on personal and academic levels, but she must do so with very little support from her professional peers and district higher - ups. For example, her department head refuses to provide Gruwell with an adequate number of books for her class because she insists they will get damaged and lost. Instead, she suggests that Gruwell focuses on instilling concepts of discipline and obedience in her classroom.", "title": "Freedom Writers" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Major party, African American candidates for President of the United States could not run in primaries until nearly the third quarter of the 20th century, after the passage of the Civil Rights Act (1964) and Voting Rights Act (1965) opened up political participation to blacks in the South. Also, party changes to give more weight to candidates' performance in primaries, rather than to party leaders' negotiation in secret, opened up the fields. In 2008, Senator Barack Obama was elected the 44th president of the United States, the first African American to win the office.", "title": "African-American candidates for President of the United States" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During a panel discussion at Harvard University's reunion for African American alumni during the 2003–04 academic year, two prominent black professors at the institution—Lani Guinier and Henry Louis Gates—pointed out an unintended effect of affirmative action policies at Harvard. They stated that only about a third of black Harvard undergraduates were from families in which all four grandparents were born into the African American community. The majority of black students at Harvard were Caribbean and African immigrants or their children, with some others the mixed-race children of biracial couples. One Harvard student, born in the South Bronx to a black family whose ancestors have been in the United States for multiple generations, said that there were so few Harvard students from the historic African American community that they took to calling themselves \"the descendants\" (i.e., descendants of American slaves). The reasons for this underrepresentation of historic African Americans, and possible remedies, remain a subject of debate.", "title": "Affirmative action in the United States" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The South African Bank Note Company (SABN) is a South African security printing company responsible for the printing of the South African Rand. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of the South African Reserve Bank.", "title": "South African Bank Note Company" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The First Pan-African Conference was held in London from 23 to 25 July 1900 (just prior to the Paris Exhibition of 1900 ``in order to allow tourists of African descent to attend both events ''). Organized primarily by the Trinidadian barrister Henry Sylvester Williams, it took place in Westminster Town Hall (now Caxton Hall) and was attended by 37 delegates and about 10 other participants and observers from Africa, the West Indies, the US and the UK, including Samuel Coleridge Taylor (the youngest delegate), John Alcindor, Dadabhai Naoroji, John Archer, Henry Francis Downing, and W.E.B. Du Bois, with Bishop Alexander Walters of the AME Zion Church taking the chair. Du Bois played a leading role, drafting a letter (`` Address to the Nations of the World'') to European leaders appealing to them to struggle against racism, to grant colonies in Africa and the West Indies the right to self - government and demanding political and other rights for African Americans.", "title": "First Pan-African Conference" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "James Howard Meredith (born June 25, 1933) is an African - American Civil Rights Movement figure, writer, political adviser and Air Force veteran. In 1962, he became the first African - American student admitted to the segregated University of Mississippi, after the intervention of the federal government, an event that was a flashpoint in the Civil Rights Movement. Inspired by President John F. Kennedy's inaugural address, Meredith decided to exercise his constitutional rights and apply to the University of Mississippi. His goal was to put pressure on the Kennedy administration to enforce civil rights for African Americans.", "title": "James Meredith" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sierra Linda High School is a high school located in the west part of Phoenix, Arizona, USA, administered by the Tolleson Union High School District. It had 1,787 students as of October 1, 2013. It opened in 2008; due to facility issues, students attended the first semester of classes at La Joya Community High School, then moved into the campus in January 2009. Students of the 2012 cohort were the first graduating class, with approximately 355 students.", "title": "Sierra Linda High School" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Oxford-University Stadium at Swayze Field is the home of the University of Mississippi Rebels college baseball team and is located in Oxford, Mississippi. It is named in honor of Tom Swayze, a former Ole Miss baseball player and coach.", "title": "Swayze Field" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scott McGillivray attended the University of Guelph where he received an honours degree in Commerce in 2001. What began as a school project about income properties developed into a business model that Scott would later execute himself. At 21, using student loans, Scott purchased and renovated his first rental property and owned 5 rental properties by the time he was 23. He became a licensed contractor in 2004 to manage his own crews. He now owns properties across Canada and the United States housing hundreds of tenants.", "title": "Scott McGillivray" } ]	Who was the first African American student to attend the school that owns Swayze Field?	James Howard Meredith	[ "James Meredith" ]	Title: Sierra Linda High School Passage: Sierra Linda High School is a high school located in the west part of Phoenix, Arizona, USA, administered by the Tolleson Union High School District. It had 1,787 students as of October 1, 2013. It opened in 2008; due to facility issues, students attended the first semester of classes at La Joya Community High School, then moved into the campus in January 2009. Students of the 2012 cohort were the first graduating class, with approximately 355 students. Title: James Meredith Passage: James Howard Meredith (born June 25, 1933) is an African - American Civil Rights Movement figure, writer, political adviser and Air Force veteran. In 1962, he became the first African - American student admitted to the segregated University of Mississippi, after the intervention of the federal government, an event that was a flashpoint in the Civil Rights Movement. Inspired by President John F. Kennedy's inaugural address, Meredith decided to exercise his constitutional rights and apply to the University of Mississippi. His goal was to put pressure on the Kennedy administration to enforce civil rights for African Americans. Title: Swayze Field Passage: Oxford-University Stadium at Swayze Field is the home of the University of Mississippi Rebels college baseball team and is located in Oxford, Mississippi. It is named in honor of Tom Swayze, a former Ole Miss baseball player and coach. Title: African-American candidates for President of the United States Passage: Major party, African American candidates for President of the United States could not run in primaries until nearly the third quarter of the 20th century, after the passage of the Civil Rights Act (1964) and Voting Rights Act (1965) opened up political participation to blacks in the South. Also, party changes to give more weight to candidates' performance in primaries, rather than to party leaders' negotiation in secret, opened up the fields. In 2008, Senator Barack Obama was elected the 44th president of the United States, the first African American to win the office. Title: First Pan-African Conference Passage: The First Pan-African Conference was held in London from 23 to 25 July 1900 (just prior to the Paris Exhibition of 1900 ``in order to allow tourists of African descent to attend both events ''). Organized primarily by the Trinidadian barrister Henry Sylvester Williams, it took place in Westminster Hall and was attended by 37 delegates and about 10 other participants and observers from Africa, the West Indies, the US and the UK, including Samuel Coleridge Taylor (the youngest delegate), John Alcindor, Dadabhai Naoroji, John Archer, Henry Francis Downing, and W.E.B. Du Bois, with Bishop Alexander Walters of the AME Zion Church taking the chair. Du Bois played a leading role, drafting a letter (`` Address to the Nations of the World'') to European leaders appealing to them to struggle against racism, to grant colonies in Africa and the West Indies the right to self - government and demanding political and other rights for African Americans. Title: Ole Miss Rebels baseball Passage: The Ole Miss Rebels baseball team represents the University of Mississippi in NCAA Division I college baseball. The team participates in the West Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They are currently coached by head coach Mike Bianco and assistant coaches Mike Clement, Carl Lafferty, and Marc MacMillan. They play home games at Swayze Field. Ole Miss has played in the College World Series five times, most recently in 2014. Title: Affirmative action in the United States Passage: During a panel discussion at Harvard University's reunion for African American alumni during the 2003–04 academic year, two prominent black professors at the institution—Lani Guinier and Henry Louis Gates—pointed out an unintended effect of affirmative action policies at Harvard. They stated that only about a third of black Harvard undergraduates were from families in which all four grandparents were born into the African American community. The majority of black students at Harvard were Caribbean and African immigrants or their children, with some others the mixed-race children of biracial couples. One Harvard student, born in the South Bronx to a black family whose ancestors have been in the United States for multiple generations, said that there were so few Harvard students from the historic African American community that they took to calling themselves "the descendants" (i.e., descendants of American slaves). The reasons for this underrepresentation of historic African Americans, and possible remedies, remain a subject of debate. Title: South African Bank Note Company Passage: The South African Bank Note Company (SABN) is a South African security printing company responsible for the printing of the South African Rand. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of the South African Reserve Bank. Title: Freedom Writers Passage: Woodrow Wilson Classical High School is a formerly high - achieving school which has encountered some difficulties bearing its new racial integration plan. In 1994, in the aftermath of the Los Angeles riots, Erin Gruwell, an enthusiastic young teacher starts at the school. Her enthusiasm is challenged when she finds her class is composed of ``at - risk ''students, the`` untouchables,'' and not the eager - for - college students she expected. Her students self - segregate into racial groups within the classroom. This causes problems, as a gang fight between Hispanic and African - American students break out and, consequently, most of her students began to stop attending class. Not only is Gruwell challenged with gaining her students' trust on personal and academic levels, but she must do so with very little support from her professional peers and district higher - ups. For example, her department head refuses to provide Gruwell with an adequate number of books for her class because she insists they will get damaged and lost. Instead, she suggests that Gruwell focuses on instilling concepts of discipline and obedience in her classroom. Title: Mary McLeod Bethune Passage: Mary Jane McLeod Bethune (born Mary Jane McLeod; July 10, 1875 -- May 18, 1955) was an American educator, stateswoman, philanthropist, humanitarian and civil rights activist best known for starting a private school for African - American students in Daytona Beach, Florida. She attracted donations of time and money, and developed the academic school as a college. It later continued to develop as Bethune - Cookman University. She also was appointed as a national adviser to president Franklin D. Roosevelt as part of what was known as his Black Cabinet. She was known as ``The First Lady of The Struggle ''because of her commitment to gain better lives for African Americans. Title: Oblate Sisters of Providence Passage: The Oblate Sisters of Providence is a Roman Catholic women's religious institute, founded by Mother Mary Elizabeth Lange (1784 - 1882), OSP, and Rev. James Nicholas Joubert, SS in 1828 in Baltimore, Maryland for the education of girls of African descent. It was the first permanent community of Roman Catholic sisters of African descent in the United States. The Oblate Sisters were free women of color who sought to provide Baltimore's African American population with education and "a corps of teachers from its own ranks." The congregation is also a member of the Women of Providence in Collaboration. Title: Kayla Bashore Smedley Passage: Kayla Bashore-Smedley (born February 20, 1983 in Daegu, South Korea) is an American field hockey defender and midfielder. Now living in San Diego, California, she was a student of the Indiana University, where she played for the Hoosiers, and was the first player from that university to make the US National Field Hockey team. She represented the USA at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Title: First Pan-African Conference Passage: The First Pan-African Conference was held in London from 23 to 25 July 1900 (just prior to the Paris Exhibition of 1900 ``in order to allow tourists of African descent to attend both events ''). Organized primarily by the Trinidadian barrister Henry Sylvester Williams, it took place in Westminster Town Hall (now Caxton Hall) and was attended by 37 delegates and about 10 other participants and observers from Africa, the West Indies, the US and the UK, including Samuel Coleridge Taylor (the youngest delegate), John Alcindor, Dadabhai Naoroji, John Archer, Henry Francis Downing, and W.E.B. Du Bois, with Bishop Alexander Walters of the AME Zion Church taking the chair. Du Bois played a leading role, drafting a letter (`` Address to the Nations of the World'') to European leaders appealing to them to struggle against racism, to grant colonies in Africa and the West Indies the right to self - government and demanding political and other rights for African Americans. Title: Multiracial Americans Passage: Interracial relations between Indigenous Americans and African Americans is a part of American history that has been neglected. The earliest record of African and Indigenous American relations in the Americas occurred in April 1502, when the first Africans kidnapped were brought to Hispaniola to serve as slaves. Some escaped, and somewhere inland on Santo Domingo, the first Black Indians were born. In addition, an example of African slaves' escaping from European colonists and being absorbed by Indigenous Americans occurred as far back as 1526. In June of that year, Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon established a Spanish colony near the mouth of the Pee Dee River in what is now eastern South Carolina. The Spanish settlement was named San Miguel de Gualdape. Amongst the settlement were 100 enslaved Africans. In 1526, the first African slaves fled the colony and took refuge with local Indigenous Americans. Title: Scott McGillivray Passage: Scott McGillivray attended the University of Guelph where he received an honours degree in Commerce in 2001. What began as a school project about income properties developed into a business model that Scott would later execute himself. At 21, using student loans, Scott purchased and renovated his first rental property and owned 5 rental properties by the time he was 23. He became a licensed contractor in 2004 to manage his own crews. He now owns properties across Canada and the United States housing hundreds of tenants. Title: Rebecca Lee Crumpler Passage: Rebecca Lee Crumpler, née Davis, (February 8, 1831 -- March 9, 1895) was an African American physician and author. Becoming a Doctor of Medicine in 1864 after studying at New England Female Medical College, she was the first African - American woman to become a physician in the United States. Rebecca graduated medical college and published her book at a time in history when very few African Americans were allowed to attend medical college or publish books. Crumpler first practiced medicine in Boston, primarily for poor women and children. After the American Civil War ended in 1865, she moved to Richmond, Virginia, believing it to be ``a proper field for real missionary work ''and to continue her focus on diseases of women and children. Crumpler worked for the Freedmen's Bureau to provide medical care to freed slaves; She was subject to`` intense racism'' and sexism while practicing medicine. She later moved back to Boston and ``entered into the work with renewed vigor, practicing outside, and receiving children in (her) house for treatment; regardless, in a measure, of remuneration. ''In 1883, she published A Book of Medical Discourses. Dedicated to nurses and mothers, it focused on the medical care of women and children and was one of the first publications written by an African American about medicine.In addition to being the only female physician author in the 19th century.name =`` NLM Biography'' / > Title: Robert Robinson Taylor Passage: Robert Robinson Taylor (June 8, 1868 – December 13, 1942) was an American architect; the first accredited African-American architect. He was also the first African-American student enrolled at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1888. Additionally, he designed many of the buildings on the campus of Tuskegee University prior to 1932, and he served as second-in-command to its founder and first President, Booker T. Washington. Title: She's Like the Wind Passage: "She's Like the Wind" is a 1987 power ballad from the film "Dirty Dancing", performed by Patrick Swayze. Though Swayze is the primary vocalist on the single, it was billed as being performed by "Patrick Swayze & Wendy Fraser”. Fraser is heard throughout much of the song, specifically in the final chorus. The single reached number three on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and number one on the Adult Contemporary chart. Title: Eloísa Díaz Passage: Eloísa Díaz Insunza (; June 25, 1866 – November 1, 1950), was the first female medical student to attend the University of Chile, and the first woman to become a doctor of medicine in Chile as well as the entire continent of South America. Title: Melville J. Herskovits Passage: Melville Jean Herskovits (September 10, 1895 – February 25, 1963) was an American anthropologist who helped establish African and African-American studies in American academia. He is known for exploring the cultural continuity from African cultures as expressed in African-American communities. He worked with his wife Frances (Shapiro) Herskovits, also an anthropologist, in the field in South America, the Caribbean and Africa. They jointly wrote several books and monographs together.	[ "James Meredith", "Swayze Field" ]
2hop__42578_55840	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 -- 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth.", "title": "George VI" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The sovereign's birthday was first officially marked in the United Kingdom in 1748, for King George II. Since then, the date of the king or queen's birthday has been determined throughout the British Empire, and later the Commonwealth of Nations, according to either different royal proclamations issued by the sovereign or governor or by statute laws passed by the local parliament. The date of the celebration today varies as adopted by each country and is generally set around the end of May or start of June, to coincide with a higher probability of fine weather in the Northern Hemisphere for outdoor ceremonies, rather than with the monarch's actual birthday, that of the present monarch being 21 April. In some cases, it is an official public holiday, sometimes aligning with the celebration of other events. Most Commonwealth realms release a Queen's Birthday Honours list at this time.", "title": "Queen's Official Birthday" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Prisoner of Zenda (1894), by Anthony Hope, is an adventure novel in which the King of Ruritania is drugged on the eve of his coronation and thus is unable to attend the ceremony. Political forces within the realm are such that, in order for the king to retain the crown, his coronation must proceed. Fortuitously, an English gentleman on holiday in Ruritania who resembles the monarch is persuaded to act as his political decoy in an effort to save the unstable political situation of the interregnum.", "title": "The Prisoner of Zenda" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "King Dongmyeong of Goguryeo (58 BCE – 19 BCE, r. 37 BCE – 19 BCE) or Dongmyeongseongwang (), which literally means Holy King of the East, also known by his birth name Jumong (), was the founding monarch of the kingdom of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In the Gwanggaeto Stele, he is called Chumo-wang (King Chumo). In the \"Samguk Sagi\" and the \"Samgungnyusa\", he is recorded as Jumong with the surname Go (Hanja: 高). The \"Samguk Sagi\" states that he was also known as Chumo or Sanghae (). The name is also transcribed in other records as Chumong (), Jungmo ( or ), or Domo ().", "title": "Dongmyeong of Goguryeo" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Towton was fought on 29 March 1461 during the English Wars of the Roses, near the village of Towton in Yorkshire. A culminating battle in the dynastic struggles between the houses of Lancaster and York for control of the English throne, the engagement ended in an overwhelming victory for the Yorkists. It brought about a change of monarchs in England, with the victor, the Yorkist Edward IV having displaced the Lancastrian Henry VI (on the throne since 1422) as king, and thus driving the head of the Lancastrians and his key supporters out of the country.", "title": "Battle of Towton" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon, the current King of Thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial. She gives a stirring speech in which she tells him that she must obey her conscience rather than human law. She is not at all afraid of the death he threatens her with (and eventually carries out), but she is afraid of how her conscience will smite her if she does not do this.", "title": "Civil disobedience" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Veera Ballala II () (r. 1173–1220 CE) was the most notable monarch of the Hoysala Empire. His successes against the Yadavas of Devagiri, the Southern Kalachuris, the Pandyas of Madurai and the waning Western Chalukya Empire, and his domination over the diminishing Cholas of Tanjore took the Hoysalas to their peak of power. The historian Chaurasia claims by the end of the 12th century, Ballala II's conquests had made the Hoysalas the most powerful dynasty of the Deccan. According to historian Derrett, Ballala II was \"the most outstanding among Hoysala kings\", and historian William Coelho in comparing Ballala II to King Vishnuvardhana writes, \"he vied in glory with his grandfather\".", "title": "Veera Ballala II" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The King's Speech is a 2010 British historical drama film directed by Tom Hooper and written by David Seidler. Colin Firth plays the future King George VI who, to cope with a stammer, sees Lionel Logue, an Australian speech and language therapist played by Geoffrey Rush. The men become friends as they work together, and after his brother abdicates the throne, the new king relies on Logue to help him make his first wartime radio broadcast on Britain's declaration of war on Germany in 1939.", "title": "The King's Speech" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, one of the petty kingdoms to rule a portion of modern England. Alfred styled himself King of the Anglo - Saxons and while he was not the first king to lay claim to rule all of the English, his rule represents the first unbroken line of Kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex. The last monarch of a distinct kingdom of England was Queen Anne, who became Queen of Great Britain when England merged with Scotland to form a union in 1707. For monarchs after Queen Anne, see List of British monarchs.", "title": "List of English monarchs" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oriel College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England. Located in Oriel Square, the college has the distinction of being the oldest royal foundation in Oxford (a title formerly claimed by University College, whose claim of being founded by King Alfred is no longer promoted). In recognition of this royal connection, the college has also been known as King's College and King's Hall. The reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (since 1952, Elizabeth II) is the official Visitor of the College.", "title": "Oriel College, Oxford" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the elections of 1973, the constitution of Swaziland was suspended by King Sobhuza II who thereafter ruled the country by decree until his death in 1982. At this point Sobhuza II had ruled Swaziland for 61 years, making him the longest ruling monarch in history. A regency followed his death, with Queen Regent Dzeliwe Shongwe being head of state until 1984 when she was removed by Liqoqo and replaced by Queen Mother Ntfombi Tfwala. Mswati III, the son of Ntfombi, was crowned king on 25 April 1986 as King and Ingwenyama of Swaziland.", "title": "Eswatini" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "H. Vernon Watson (18861952), better known under his stage name Nosmo King, was a popular English variety artist. He was touring the music halls before World War I, but he remained relatively obscure until the 1920s, when he went by Nosmo King. He was the father of actor Jack Watson.", "title": "H. Vernon Watson" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In May and June 1939, the King and Queen toured Canada and the United States. From Ottawa, the royal couple were accompanied throughout by Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, to present themselves in North America as King and Queen of Canada. George was the first reigning monarch of Canada to visit North America, although he had been to Canada previously as Prince Albert and as Duke of York. Both Governor General of Canada Lord Tweedsmuir and Mackenzie King hoped that the King's presence in Canada would demonstrate the principles of the Statute of Westminster 1931, which gave full sovereignty to the British Dominions. On 19 May, George VI personally accepted and approved the Letter of Credence of the new U.S. Ambassador to Canada, Daniel Calhoun Roper; gave Royal Assent to nine parliamentary bills; and ratified two international treaties with the Great Seal of Canada. The official royal tour historian, Gustave Lanctot, wrote \"the Statute of Westminster had assumed full reality\" and George gave a speech emphasising \"the free and equal association of the nations of the Commonwealth\".", "title": "George VI" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shakespeare's plays cannot be precisely dated, but it is generally agreed that these comedies followed a series of tragedies including \"Othello\", \"King Lear\" and \"Macbeth\". Shakespeare wrote tragedies because they were successful at the box office, but he returned to comedy towards the end of his career, mixing it with tragic and mystical elements. Shakespeare's late romances were also influenced by the development of tragicomedy and the extreme elaboration of the courtly masque as staged by Ben Jonson and Inigo Jones. The subjects and style of these plays were also influenced by the preference of the monarch, by Shakespeare's ageing company and by their more upper class audiences.", "title": "Shakespeare's late romances" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thousands (perhaps even millions) of performances of William Shakespeare's plays have been staged since the end of the 16th century. While Shakespeare was alive, many of his greatest plays were performed by the Lord Chamberlain's Men and King's Men acting companies at the Globe and Blackfriars Theatres. Among the actors of these original performances were Richard Burbage (who played the title role in the first performances of Hamlet, Othello, Richard III and King Lear), Richard Cowley, and William Kempe.", "title": "Shakespeare in performance" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sultan bin Saud bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud is the son of King Saud and the grandson of King Abdulaziz the first monarch of Saudi Arabia. His mother was Munirah Al Haboot Al Mutairi. He is the brother of Prince Abdulrahman bin Saud, the godfather of Al-Nasr, and the uncle of Prince Faisal bin Abdulrahman Al Saud and Mamdoh bin Abdulrahman bin Saud, two of Al-Nasr presidents.", "title": "Sultan bin Saud" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Until the death of Sigismund II Augustus, the last king of the Jagiellonian dynasty, monarchs could be elected from within only the royal family. However, starting from 1573, practically any Polish noble or foreigner of royal blood could become a Polish–Lithuanian monarch. Every newly elected king was supposed to sign two documents—the Pacta conventa (\"agreed pacts\")—a confirmation of the king's pre-election promises, and Henrican articles (artykuły henrykowskie, named after the first freely elected king, Henry of Valois). The latter document served as a virtual Polish constitution and contained the basic laws of the Commonwealth:", "title": "Szlachta" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The government, consisting of the monarch and the ministers, will then usually approve the proposal and the sovereign and one of the ministers signs the proposal with the addition of an enacting clause, thereafter notifying the States General that \"The King assents to the proposal.\" It has happened in exceptional circumstances that the government does not approve a law that has been passed in parliament. In such a case, neither the monarch nor a minister will sign the bill, notifying the States General that \"The King will keep the proposal under advisement.\" A law that has received royal assent will be published in the State Magazine, with the original being kept in the archives of the King's Offices.", "title": "Royal assent" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henry the Young King fought a short war with his brother Richard in 1183 over the status of England, Normandy and Aquitaine. Henry II moved in support of Richard, and Henry the Young King died from dysentery at the end of the campaign. With his primary heir dead, Henry rearranged the plans for the succession: Richard was to be made King of England, albeit without any actual power until the death of his father; Geoffrey would retain Brittany; and John would now become the Duke of Aquitaine in place of Richard. Richard refused to give up Aquitaine; Henry II was furious and ordered John, with help from Geoffrey, to march south and retake the duchy by force. The two attacked the capital of Poitiers, and Richard responded by attacking Brittany. The war ended in stalemate and a tense family reconciliation in England at the end of 1184.", "title": "John, King of England" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bofu (?–771 CE) (), sometimes referred to as Bopan (伯盘), was the son of Chinese Zhou dynasty monarch King You of Zhou and his concubine Bao Si. After Baosi entered the royal palace, King You deposed Queen Shen (申后) and her son Crown Prince Yijiu, replacing them with Baosi and Bofu. King You and Bofu were both killed in 771 CE by Quanrong nomads at Mount Li near Xi'an in present-day Shaanxi. Another source says that Bofu lived and contended for the throne with Queen Shen's son, King Ping of Zhou.", "title": "Bofu" } ]	Who played the monarch at the end of WW2 in The King's Speech?	Colin Firth	[]	Title: Sultan bin Saud Passage: Sultan bin Saud bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud is the son of King Saud and the grandson of King Abdulaziz the first monarch of Saudi Arabia. His mother was Munirah Al Haboot Al Mutairi. He is the brother of Prince Abdulrahman bin Saud, the godfather of Al-Nasr, and the uncle of Prince Faisal bin Abdulrahman Al Saud and Mamdoh bin Abdulrahman bin Saud, two of Al-Nasr presidents. Title: Queen's Official Birthday Passage: The sovereign's birthday was first officially marked in the United Kingdom in 1748, for King George II. Since then, the date of the king or queen's birthday has been determined throughout the British Empire, and later the Commonwealth of Nations, according to either different royal proclamations issued by the sovereign or governor or by statute laws passed by the local parliament. The date of the celebration today varies as adopted by each country and is generally set around the end of May or start of June, to coincide with a higher probability of fine weather in the Northern Hemisphere for outdoor ceremonies, rather than with the monarch's actual birthday, that of the present monarch being 21 April. In some cases, it is an official public holiday, sometimes aligning with the celebration of other events. Most Commonwealth realms release a Queen's Birthday Honours list at this time. Title: The King's Speech Passage: The King's Speech is a 2010 British historical drama film directed by Tom Hooper and written by David Seidler. Colin Firth plays the future King George VI who, to cope with a stammer, sees Lionel Logue, an Australian speech and language therapist played by Geoffrey Rush. The men become friends as they work together, and after his brother abdicates the throne, the new king relies on Logue to help him make his first wartime radio broadcast on Britain's declaration of war on Germany in 1939. Title: Eswatini Passage: Following the elections of 1973, the constitution of Swaziland was suspended by King Sobhuza II who thereafter ruled the country by decree until his death in 1982. At this point Sobhuza II had ruled Swaziland for 61 years, making him the longest ruling monarch in history. A regency followed his death, with Queen Regent Dzeliwe Shongwe being head of state until 1984 when she was removed by Liqoqo and replaced by Queen Mother Ntfombi Tfwala. Mswati III, the son of Ntfombi, was crowned king on 25 April 1986 as King and Ingwenyama of Swaziland. Title: Civil disobedience Passage: One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon, the current King of Thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial. She gives a stirring speech in which she tells him that she must obey her conscience rather than human law. She is not at all afraid of the death he threatens her with (and eventually carries out), but she is afraid of how her conscience will smite her if she does not do this. Title: John, King of England Passage: Henry the Young King fought a short war with his brother Richard in 1183 over the status of England, Normandy and Aquitaine. Henry II moved in support of Richard, and Henry the Young King died from dysentery at the end of the campaign. With his primary heir dead, Henry rearranged the plans for the succession: Richard was to be made King of England, albeit without any actual power until the death of his father; Geoffrey would retain Brittany; and John would now become the Duke of Aquitaine in place of Richard. Richard refused to give up Aquitaine; Henry II was furious and ordered John, with help from Geoffrey, to march south and retake the duchy by force. The two attacked the capital of Poitiers, and Richard responded by attacking Brittany. The war ended in stalemate and a tense family reconciliation in England at the end of 1184. Title: George VI Passage: In May and June 1939, the King and Queen toured Canada and the United States. From Ottawa, the royal couple were accompanied throughout by Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, to present themselves in North America as King and Queen of Canada. George was the first reigning monarch of Canada to visit North America, although he had been to Canada previously as Prince Albert and as Duke of York. Both Governor General of Canada Lord Tweedsmuir and Mackenzie King hoped that the King's presence in Canada would demonstrate the principles of the Statute of Westminster 1931, which gave full sovereignty to the British Dominions. On 19 May, George VI personally accepted and approved the Letter of Credence of the new U.S. Ambassador to Canada, Daniel Calhoun Roper; gave Royal Assent to nine parliamentary bills; and ratified two international treaties with the Great Seal of Canada. The official royal tour historian, Gustave Lanctot, wrote "the Statute of Westminster had assumed full reality" and George gave a speech emphasising "the free and equal association of the nations of the Commonwealth". Title: List of English monarchs Passage: This list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, one of the petty kingdoms to rule a portion of modern England. Alfred styled himself King of the Anglo - Saxons and while he was not the first king to lay claim to rule all of the English, his rule represents the first unbroken line of Kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex. The last monarch of a distinct kingdom of England was Queen Anne, who became Queen of Great Britain when England merged with Scotland to form a union in 1707. For monarchs after Queen Anne, see List of British monarchs. Title: Battle of Towton Passage: The Battle of Towton was fought on 29 March 1461 during the English Wars of the Roses, near the village of Towton in Yorkshire. A culminating battle in the dynastic struggles between the houses of Lancaster and York for control of the English throne, the engagement ended in an overwhelming victory for the Yorkists. It brought about a change of monarchs in England, with the victor, the Yorkist Edward IV having displaced the Lancastrian Henry VI (on the throne since 1422) as king, and thus driving the head of the Lancastrians and his key supporters out of the country. Title: George VI Passage: George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 -- 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth. Title: H. Vernon Watson Passage: H. Vernon Watson (18861952), better known under his stage name Nosmo King, was a popular English variety artist. He was touring the music halls before World War I, but he remained relatively obscure until the 1920s, when he went by Nosmo King. He was the father of actor Jack Watson. Title: Shakespeare in performance Passage: Thousands (perhaps even millions) of performances of William Shakespeare's plays have been staged since the end of the 16th century. While Shakespeare was alive, many of his greatest plays were performed by the Lord Chamberlain's Men and King's Men acting companies at the Globe and Blackfriars Theatres. Among the actors of these original performances were Richard Burbage (who played the title role in the first performances of Hamlet, Othello, Richard III and King Lear), Richard Cowley, and William Kempe. Title: Shakespeare's late romances Passage: Shakespeare's plays cannot be precisely dated, but it is generally agreed that these comedies followed a series of tragedies including "Othello", "King Lear" and "Macbeth". Shakespeare wrote tragedies because they were successful at the box office, but he returned to comedy towards the end of his career, mixing it with tragic and mystical elements. Shakespeare's late romances were also influenced by the development of tragicomedy and the extreme elaboration of the courtly masque as staged by Ben Jonson and Inigo Jones. The subjects and style of these plays were also influenced by the preference of the monarch, by Shakespeare's ageing company and by their more upper class audiences. Title: Royal assent Passage: The government, consisting of the monarch and the ministers, will then usually approve the proposal and the sovereign and one of the ministers signs the proposal with the addition of an enacting clause, thereafter notifying the States General that "The King assents to the proposal." It has happened in exceptional circumstances that the government does not approve a law that has been passed in parliament. In such a case, neither the monarch nor a minister will sign the bill, notifying the States General that "The King will keep the proposal under advisement." A law that has received royal assent will be published in the State Magazine, with the original being kept in the archives of the King's Offices. Title: Szlachta Passage: Until the death of Sigismund II Augustus, the last king of the Jagiellonian dynasty, monarchs could be elected from within only the royal family. However, starting from 1573, practically any Polish noble or foreigner of royal blood could become a Polish–Lithuanian monarch. Every newly elected king was supposed to sign two documents—the Pacta conventa ("agreed pacts")—a confirmation of the king's pre-election promises, and Henrican articles (artykuły henrykowskie, named after the first freely elected king, Henry of Valois). The latter document served as a virtual Polish constitution and contained the basic laws of the Commonwealth: Title: Dongmyeong of Goguryeo Passage: King Dongmyeong of Goguryeo (58 BCE – 19 BCE, r. 37 BCE – 19 BCE) or Dongmyeongseongwang (), which literally means Holy King of the East, also known by his birth name Jumong (), was the founding monarch of the kingdom of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In the Gwanggaeto Stele, he is called Chumo-wang (King Chumo). In the "Samguk Sagi" and the "Samgungnyusa", he is recorded as Jumong with the surname Go (Hanja: 高). The "Samguk Sagi" states that he was also known as Chumo or Sanghae (). The name is also transcribed in other records as Chumong (), Jungmo ( or ), or Domo (). Title: Oriel College, Oxford Passage: Oriel College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England. Located in Oriel Square, the college has the distinction of being the oldest royal foundation in Oxford (a title formerly claimed by University College, whose claim of being founded by King Alfred is no longer promoted). In recognition of this royal connection, the college has also been known as King's College and King's Hall. The reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (since 1952, Elizabeth II) is the official Visitor of the College. Title: The Prisoner of Zenda Passage: The Prisoner of Zenda (1894), by Anthony Hope, is an adventure novel in which the King of Ruritania is drugged on the eve of his coronation and thus is unable to attend the ceremony. Political forces within the realm are such that, in order for the king to retain the crown, his coronation must proceed. Fortuitously, an English gentleman on holiday in Ruritania who resembles the monarch is persuaded to act as his political decoy in an effort to save the unstable political situation of the interregnum. Title: Bofu Passage: Bofu (?–771 CE) (), sometimes referred to as Bopan (伯盘), was the son of Chinese Zhou dynasty monarch King You of Zhou and his concubine Bao Si. After Baosi entered the royal palace, King You deposed Queen Shen (申后) and her son Crown Prince Yijiu, replacing them with Baosi and Bofu. King You and Bofu were both killed in 771 CE by Quanrong nomads at Mount Li near Xi'an in present-day Shaanxi. Another source says that Bofu lived and contended for the throne with Queen Shen's son, King Ping of Zhou. Title: Veera Ballala II Passage: Veera Ballala II () (r. 1173–1220 CE) was the most notable monarch of the Hoysala Empire. His successes against the Yadavas of Devagiri, the Southern Kalachuris, the Pandyas of Madurai and the waning Western Chalukya Empire, and his domination over the diminishing Cholas of Tanjore took the Hoysalas to their peak of power. The historian Chaurasia claims by the end of the 12th century, Ballala II's conquests had made the Hoysalas the most powerful dynasty of the Deccan. According to historian Derrett, Ballala II was "the most outstanding among Hoysala kings", and historian William Coelho in comparing Ballala II to King Vishnuvardhana writes, "he vied in glory with his grandfather".	[ "George VI", "The King's Speech" ]
2hop__55966_162341	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Noel Berry (Skytorn) and Matt Thorson (TowerFall) created a prototype of Celeste in four days during a game jam, now named Celeste Classic. The result was a difficult platformer with 30 levels for the Pico-8 fantasy video game console designed for speedrunning and precision reflexes. Kill Screen noted that the game was a departure from Thorson's TowerFall, and had more in common with the game mechanics of his older games and Super Mario Maker work. The developers also took inspiration from difficult, Super Nintendo-era platformers. Berry and Thorson developed the game into a standalone release with over 200 rooms spread between eight chapters. They livestreamed parts of their development process on Twitch. The game was also demoed at the 2016 PAX West Indie Megabooth. Celeste released on Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Windows, Linux and macOS on January 25, 2018. The original Pico-8 prototype is included in the game as an unlockable minigame. The game will eventually receive a limited collector's edition. Thorson stated that he plans to release a set of \"farewell levels\" for Celeste some time in 2019.", "title": "Celeste (video game)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2002 Rose Bowl, played on January 3, 2002, was a college football bowl game. It was the 88th Rose Bowl game and was the BCS National Championship Game of the 2001 college football season. The game featured the Miami Hurricanes and the Nebraska Cornhuskers, marking the first time since the 1919 Rose Bowl, and only the third time in the game's history, that neither the Big Ten nor the Pac - 10 Conferences had a representative in this game. The Hurricanes won the game, 37 -- 14, for their fifth national title. Miami quarterback Ken Dorsey and wide receiver Andre Johnson were named the Rose Bowl Players of the Game.", "title": "2002 Rose Bowl" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Philip Seymour Hoffman (July 23, 1967 -- February 2, 2014) was an American actor, director, and producer. Best known for his distinctive supporting and character roles -- typically lowlifes, eccentrics, bullies, and misfits -- Hoffman acted in many films from the early 1990s until his death at age 46.", "title": "Philip Seymour Hoffman" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hall of Famer Kareem Abdul - Jabbar holds the record for most All - Star Game selections and most All - Star Games played. He was selected 19 times and played in 18 All - Star games. Dirk Nowitzki and LeBron James both hold the record for most All - Star Game selections among active players, with 13 selections. Bob Cousy, John Havlicek, and LeBron James are tied for the most consecutive games actually played, appearing in 13 straight All - Star Games. Tim Duncan also played in 13 straight All - Star Games if the lockout - cancelled 1999 game is excluded. Several players were named to All - Star Game rosters, but never actually played in the game due to injury.", "title": "List of NBA All-Stars" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first three films set records at the box office. The Hunger Games (2012) set records for the opening day and the biggest opening weekend for a non-sequel film. The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013) set the record for biggest opening weekend in the month of November. The Hunger Games: Mockingjay -- Part 1 (2014) had the largest opening day and weekend of 2014. The films, including The Hunger Games: Mockingjay -- Part 2 (2015), received a positive reception from critics, with praise aimed at its themes and messages, as well as Jennifer Lawrence's portrayal of the main protagonist, Katniss Everdeen.", "title": "The Hunger Games (film series)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hall of Famer Kareem Abdul - Jabbar holds the record for most All - Star Game selections and most All - Star Games played. He was selected 19 times and played in 18 All - Star games. LeBron James holds the record for most All - Star Game selections among active players, with 14 selections. LeBron James also holds the record for most consecutive games played, with 14. Bob Cousy and John Havlicek are tied for second most consecutive games actually played, appearing in 13 straight All - Star Games. Tim Duncan also played in 13 straight All - Star Games if the lockout - cancelled 1999 game is excluded. Several players were named to All - Star Game rosters, but never actually played in the game due to injury.", "title": "List of NBA All-Stars" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Super R.C. Pro-Am\" received moderate coverage from some video gaming magazines. It was praised for its graphics and sound, controls, challenge, and ability for up to four players to play the game simultaneously. Criticisms included repetitiveness in gameplay, lack of variety, and rapid scrolling on the Game Boy that may cause players to miss some items. It was featured on \"Nintendo Power\"s \"Top 20\" Game Boy list for most of 1992.", "title": "Super R.C. Pro-Am" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jordan White (born June 4, 1988) is a former American football wide receiver. He was drafted by the New York Jets in the seventh round of the 2012 NFL Draft. He played college football at Western Michigan University. As a senior in 2011 at Western Michigan, he led all players in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision in total receiving yards (1,911), total receptions (140), receiving yards per game (147.0) and receptions per game (10.77).", "title": "Jordan White (American football)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Super Mario Party features online multiplayer for the first time in the Mario Party series. While Party Mode's board games are restricted to offline play, players are able to play the game's 80 minigames with other players either locally or online independent of the board games in the game's ``Online Mariothon ''mode. In the Online Mariothon mode, players compete in five randomly - selected minigames aiming to get the highest score. It also features leader boards and a ranking system, as well as rewards that the players can receive for playing the mode.", "title": "Super Mario Party" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Willow Shields is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Primrose Everdeen in The Hunger Games film series.", "title": "Willow Shields" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sanguine Productions Ltd. is a role-playing game production house founded in 1997. Their games include \"Ironclaw\", \"Jadeclaw\", \"Albedo: Platinum Catalyst\", \"Usagi Yojimbo Role-Playing Game\", and \"Noggle Stones Role-Playing Game\".", "title": "Sanguine Productions" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2003 MacTier Cup was a championship rugby union game for the RCSL. The game was played between the Calgary Mavericks and the Toronto Xtreme for the MacTier Cup trophy. The game was played to decide the champion of the 2003 RCSL season. The Mavericks defeated the Xtreme 40-24. The game was played in Calgary, Alberta.", "title": "2003 MacTier Cup" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Last Rebellion is a role-playing video game video game developed by Nippon Ichi Software and Hit Maker and published by Nippon Ichi Software in Japan as well as in North America and Tecmo Koei in Europe exclusively for the PlayStation 3. The game was released on January 28, 2010 in Japan, in North America on February 23, 2010, and in Europe on March 26, 2010.", "title": "Last Rebellion" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lynn Cohen (born August 10, 1933) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Magda in the HBO series Sex and the City and the 2008 film of the same name, as well as its 2010 sequel, and Mags in The Hunger Games: Catching Fire.", "title": "Lynn Cohen" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The film was directed by Mike Nichols (his final film) and written by Aaron Sorkin, who adapted George Crile III's 2003 book Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, and Philip Seymour Hoffman starred, with Amy Adams and Ned Beatty in supporting roles. It was nominated for five Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, but did not win in any category. Hoffman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "title": "Charlie Wilson's War (film)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New Carnival Games is a party video game developed by Cat Daddy Games released on September 21, 2010 for the Wii and Nintendo DS. The game was published by 2K Play and is a sequel to \"Carnival Games\" and \"Carnival Games: Mini-Golf\".", "title": "New Carnival Games" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hunger Games: Mockingjay -- Part 2 is a 2015 American dystopian science fiction adventure film directed by Francis Lawrence, with a screenplay by Peter Craig and Danny Strong. It is the fourth and final installment in The Hunger Games film series, and the second of two films based on the novel Mockingjay, the final book in The Hunger Games trilogy by Suzanne Collins. Produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik, and distributed by Lionsgate, the film features an ensemble cast that includes Jennifer Lawrence, Josh Hutcherson, Liam Hemsworth, Woody Harrelson, Elizabeth Banks, Julianne Moore, Philip Seymour Hoffman, and Donald Sutherland. Hoffman died in February 2014, making Mockingjay -- Part 2 his final film role. Principal photography on both parts of the film began on September 23, 2013 in Atlanta, before moving to Paris for two weeks of back - to - back filming and officially concluding on June 20, 2014, in Berlin and at Babelsberg Studios, Germany.", "title": "The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spaceward Ho! is a turn-based science fiction computer strategy game that was written by Peter Commons, designed by Joe Williams (Joedelta) and published by Delta Tao Software. The first version was released in 1990, and further upgrades followed regularly; the current version, 5.0.5, was released on July 8, 2003. It has received wide recognition in the Macintosh community, for example being inducted into the Macworld Game Hall of Fame.", "title": "Spaceward Ho!" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter: Hogwarts Mystery is a role - playing video game based on J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series. The game was developed and published by Jam City, under licence from Portkey Games, and released on 25 April 2018 for Android and iOS devices. The game is set in Hogwarts before the events of the novels, featuring a customisable protagonist. The game received mixed reviews; it was praised for its use of the Harry Potter licence but criticised for its energy mechanic.", "title": "Harry Potter: Hogwarts Mystery" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on 19 May 2015. The game received critical acclaim, with praise of its gameplay, narrative, world design, combat, and visuals, although it received minor criticism due to technical issues, some of which were later patched. It received numerous Game of the Year awards, and is considered to be one of the greatest games of all time. The game was also a commercial success, shipping nearly ten million copies by March 2016. Two expansion packs, Hearts of Stone and Blood and Wine, were also released. A Game of the Year edition, with the base game, expansion packs and all downloadable content, was released in August 2016.", "title": "The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt" } ]	What kind of recognition did the actor who played the game maker in hunger games receive?	nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor	[ "Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor" ]	Title: 2002 Rose Bowl Passage: The 2002 Rose Bowl, played on January 3, 2002, was a college football bowl game. It was the 88th Rose Bowl game and was the BCS National Championship Game of the 2001 college football season. The game featured the Miami Hurricanes and the Nebraska Cornhuskers, marking the first time since the 1919 Rose Bowl, and only the third time in the game's history, that neither the Big Ten nor the Pac - 10 Conferences had a representative in this game. The Hurricanes won the game, 37 -- 14, for their fifth national title. Miami quarterback Ken Dorsey and wide receiver Andre Johnson were named the Rose Bowl Players of the Game. Title: Last Rebellion Passage: Last Rebellion is a role-playing video game video game developed by Nippon Ichi Software and Hit Maker and published by Nippon Ichi Software in Japan as well as in North America and Tecmo Koei in Europe exclusively for the PlayStation 3. The game was released on January 28, 2010 in Japan, in North America on February 23, 2010, and in Europe on March 26, 2010. Title: The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2 Passage: The Hunger Games: Mockingjay -- Part 2 is a 2015 American dystopian science fiction adventure film directed by Francis Lawrence, with a screenplay by Peter Craig and Danny Strong. It is the fourth and final installment in The Hunger Games film series, and the second of two films based on the novel Mockingjay, the final book in The Hunger Games trilogy by Suzanne Collins. Produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik, and distributed by Lionsgate, the film features an ensemble cast that includes Jennifer Lawrence, Josh Hutcherson, Liam Hemsworth, Woody Harrelson, Elizabeth Banks, Julianne Moore, Philip Seymour Hoffman, and Donald Sutherland. Hoffman died in February 2014, making Mockingjay -- Part 2 his final film role. Principal photography on both parts of the film began on September 23, 2013 in Atlanta, before moving to Paris for two weeks of back - to - back filming and officially concluding on June 20, 2014, in Berlin and at Babelsberg Studios, Germany. Title: The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt Passage: The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on 19 May 2015. The game received critical acclaim, with praise of its gameplay, narrative, world design, combat, and visuals, although it received minor criticism due to technical issues, some of which were later patched. It received numerous Game of the Year awards, and is considered to be one of the greatest games of all time. The game was also a commercial success, shipping nearly ten million copies by March 2016. Two expansion packs, Hearts of Stone and Blood and Wine, were also released. A Game of the Year edition, with the base game, expansion packs and all downloadable content, was released in August 2016. Title: Lynn Cohen Passage: Lynn Cohen (born August 10, 1933) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Magda in the HBO series Sex and the City and the 2008 film of the same name, as well as its 2010 sequel, and Mags in The Hunger Games: Catching Fire. Title: List of NBA All-Stars Passage: Hall of Famer Kareem Abdul - Jabbar holds the record for most All - Star Game selections and most All - Star Games played. He was selected 19 times and played in 18 All - Star games. LeBron James holds the record for most All - Star Game selections among active players, with 14 selections. LeBron James also holds the record for most consecutive games played, with 14. Bob Cousy and John Havlicek are tied for second most consecutive games actually played, appearing in 13 straight All - Star Games. Tim Duncan also played in 13 straight All - Star Games if the lockout - cancelled 1999 game is excluded. Several players were named to All - Star Game rosters, but never actually played in the game due to injury. Title: The Hunger Games (film series) Passage: The first three films set records at the box office. The Hunger Games (2012) set records for the opening day and the biggest opening weekend for a non-sequel film. The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013) set the record for biggest opening weekend in the month of November. The Hunger Games: Mockingjay -- Part 1 (2014) had the largest opening day and weekend of 2014. The films, including The Hunger Games: Mockingjay -- Part 2 (2015), received a positive reception from critics, with praise aimed at its themes and messages, as well as Jennifer Lawrence's portrayal of the main protagonist, Katniss Everdeen. Title: Charlie Wilson's War (film) Passage: The film was directed by Mike Nichols (his final film) and written by Aaron Sorkin, who adapted George Crile III's 2003 book Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, and Philip Seymour Hoffman starred, with Amy Adams and Ned Beatty in supporting roles. It was nominated for five Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, but did not win in any category. Hoffman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Title: List of NBA All-Stars Passage: Hall of Famer Kareem Abdul - Jabbar holds the record for most All - Star Game selections and most All - Star Games played. He was selected 19 times and played in 18 All - Star games. Dirk Nowitzki and LeBron James both hold the record for most All - Star Game selections among active players, with 13 selections. Bob Cousy, John Havlicek, and LeBron James are tied for the most consecutive games actually played, appearing in 13 straight All - Star Games. Tim Duncan also played in 13 straight All - Star Games if the lockout - cancelled 1999 game is excluded. Several players were named to All - Star Game rosters, but never actually played in the game due to injury. Title: Jordan White (American football) Passage: Jordan White (born June 4, 1988) is a former American football wide receiver. He was drafted by the New York Jets in the seventh round of the 2012 NFL Draft. He played college football at Western Michigan University. As a senior in 2011 at Western Michigan, he led all players in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision in total receiving yards (1,911), total receptions (140), receiving yards per game (147.0) and receptions per game (10.77). Title: Harry Potter: Hogwarts Mystery Passage: Harry Potter: Hogwarts Mystery is a role - playing video game based on J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series. The game was developed and published by Jam City, under licence from Portkey Games, and released on 25 April 2018 for Android and iOS devices. The game is set in Hogwarts before the events of the novels, featuring a customisable protagonist. The game received mixed reviews; it was praised for its use of the Harry Potter licence but criticised for its energy mechanic. Title: 2003 MacTier Cup Passage: The 2003 MacTier Cup was a championship rugby union game for the RCSL. The game was played between the Calgary Mavericks and the Toronto Xtreme for the MacTier Cup trophy. The game was played to decide the champion of the 2003 RCSL season. The Mavericks defeated the Xtreme 40-24. The game was played in Calgary, Alberta. Title: Sanguine Productions Passage: Sanguine Productions Ltd. is a role-playing game production house founded in 1997. Their games include "Ironclaw", "Jadeclaw", "Albedo: Platinum Catalyst", "Usagi Yojimbo Role-Playing Game", and "Noggle Stones Role-Playing Game". Title: Spaceward Ho! Passage: Spaceward Ho! is a turn-based science fiction computer strategy game that was written by Peter Commons, designed by Joe Williams (Joedelta) and published by Delta Tao Software. The first version was released in 1990, and further upgrades followed regularly; the current version, 5.0.5, was released on July 8, 2003. It has received wide recognition in the Macintosh community, for example being inducted into the Macworld Game Hall of Fame. Title: Celeste (video game) Passage: Noel Berry (Skytorn) and Matt Thorson (TowerFall) created a prototype of Celeste in four days during a game jam, now named Celeste Classic. The result was a difficult platformer with 30 levels for the Pico-8 fantasy video game console designed for speedrunning and precision reflexes. Kill Screen noted that the game was a departure from Thorson's TowerFall, and had more in common with the game mechanics of his older games and Super Mario Maker work. The developers also took inspiration from difficult, Super Nintendo-era platformers. Berry and Thorson developed the game into a standalone release with over 200 rooms spread between eight chapters. They livestreamed parts of their development process on Twitch. The game was also demoed at the 2016 PAX West Indie Megabooth. Celeste released on Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Windows, Linux and macOS on January 25, 2018. The original Pico-8 prototype is included in the game as an unlockable minigame. The game will eventually receive a limited collector's edition. Thorson stated that he plans to release a set of "farewell levels" for Celeste some time in 2019. Title: Philip Seymour Hoffman Passage: Philip Seymour Hoffman (July 23, 1967 -- February 2, 2014) was an American actor, director, and producer. Best known for his distinctive supporting and character roles -- typically lowlifes, eccentrics, bullies, and misfits -- Hoffman acted in many films from the early 1990s until his death at age 46. Title: New Carnival Games Passage: New Carnival Games is a party video game developed by Cat Daddy Games released on September 21, 2010 for the Wii and Nintendo DS. The game was published by 2K Play and is a sequel to "Carnival Games" and "Carnival Games: Mini-Golf". Title: Super Mario Party Passage: Super Mario Party features online multiplayer for the first time in the Mario Party series. While Party Mode's board games are restricted to offline play, players are able to play the game's 80 minigames with other players either locally or online independent of the board games in the game's ``Online Mariothon ''mode. In the Online Mariothon mode, players compete in five randomly - selected minigames aiming to get the highest score. It also features leader boards and a ranking system, as well as rewards that the players can receive for playing the mode. Title: Super R.C. Pro-Am Passage: "Super R.C. Pro-Am" received moderate coverage from some video gaming magazines. It was praised for its graphics and sound, controls, challenge, and ability for up to four players to play the game simultaneously. Criticisms included repetitiveness in gameplay, lack of variety, and rapid scrolling on the Game Boy that may cause players to miss some items. It was featured on "Nintendo Power"s "Top 20" Game Boy list for most of 1992. Title: Willow Shields Passage: Willow Shields is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Primrose Everdeen in The Hunger Games film series.	[ "Philip Seymour Hoffman", "Charlie Wilson's War (film)" ]
2hop__87589_362941	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "No State President (Birth -- Death) Portrait Tenure Elected Political affiliation (at time of appointment) Prime Minister Took office Left office Charles Robberts Swart (1894 -- 1982) 31 May 1961 1 June 1967 (resigned.) -- National Party Verwoerd Vorster -- Eben Dönges (1898 -- 1968) Elected but did not take office because of illness National Party -- Jozua François Naudé (1889 -- 1969) 1 June 1967 10 April 1968 -- National Party Vorster Jacobus Johannes Fouché (1898 -- 1980) 10 April 1968 9 April 1975 -- National Party Vorster -- Johannes de Klerk (1903 -- 1979) 9 April 1975 19 April 1975 -- National Party Vorster Nico Diederichs (1903 -- 1978) 19 April 1975 21 August 1978 (died in office.) -- National Party Vorster -- Marais Viljoen (1915 -- 2007) 21 August 1978 10 October 1978 -- National Party Vorster Botha B.J. Vorster (1915 -- 1983) 10 October 1978 4 June 1979 (resigned.) -- National Party Botha 5 Marais Viljoen (1915 -- 2007) 4 June 1979 19 June 1979 -- National Party Botha 19 June 1979 3 September 1984", "title": "List of heads of state of South Africa" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National League for Opposing Woman Suffrage was founded in London in December 1910 to oppose the extension of the voting franchise to women in the United Kingdom. It was formed as an amalgamation of the Women's National Anti-Suffrage League and the Men's League for Opposing Woman Suffrage. Its first president was Lord Cromer, and its executive committee consisted of seven men and seven women. In March 1912 Cromer was replaced by Lord Curzon and Lord Weardale as joint presidents. It continued the publication of the \"Anti-Suffrage Review\" produced originally by the Women's National Anti-Suffrage League. In 1912 the first Welsh branch opened in Bangor, following an upsurge in militant action in the country.", "title": "National League for Opposing Woman Suffrage" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Natalie Achonwa (born November 22, 1992) is a Canadian professional basketball player for the Indiana Fever of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She played on the Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's basketball team. Achonwa was born in Toronto, Ontario, started playing basketball in Guelph, Ontario, and is tall.", "title": "Natalie Achonwa" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marina Pettersson-Engström (born 21 September 1987) is a Swedish footballer. She played as a centre back for Damallsvenskan club KIF Örebro DFF and the Sweden women's national football team. After eleven seasons playing for KIF Örebro, she retired shortly after the conclusion of the 2015 season. Following the birth of her child she agreed a return to Örebro ahead of the 2017 season.", "title": "Marina Pettersson-Engström" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Paulsdale, in Mount Laurel Township, New Jersey, was the birthplace and childhood home of Alice Paul, a major leader in the Women's suffrage movement in the United States. Paulsdale was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1991.", "title": "Paulsdale" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Birger Furugård (8 December 1887 - 1961) was a Swedish politician and veterinarian. He hailed from Deje in Värmland. During the 1920s Furugård became inspired by the advance of National Socialism in Germany. He made several trips to Germany, and met with Adolf Hitler, Hermann Göring and Heinrich Himmler. In 1924 Furugård, together with his two brothers Gunnar and Sigurd, founded the Swedish National Socialist Freedom League. The following year the group was converted into the Swedish National Socialist Peasants and Workers Party. In 1930 Furugård's party merged with the National Socialist People's Party of Sweden and formed the New Swedish National Socialist Party. Furugård became \"Riksledare\" (National Leader) of the party. Soon, the party changed its name to Swedish National Socialist Party (SNSP).", "title": "Birger Furugård" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Socialist Party of America organised a Women's Day on February 28, 1909 in New York, the 1910 International Socialist Woman's Conference suggested a Women's Day be held annually. After women gained suffrage in Soviet Russia in 1917, March 8 became a national holiday there. The day was then predominantly celebrated by the socialist movement and communist countries until it was adopted in 1975 by the United Nations.", "title": "International Women's Day" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Through 2010, the party improved its vote in the Tasmanian and South Australian state elections and achieved state government in Victoria. In March 2011, the New South Wales Liberal-National Coalition led by Barry O'Farrell won government with the largest election victory in post-war Australian history at the State Election. In Queensland, the Liberal and National parties merged in 2008 to form the new Liberal National Party of Queensland (registered as the Queensland Division of the Liberal Party of Australia). In March 2012, the new party achieved Government in an historic landslide, led by former Brisbane Lord Mayor, Campbell Newman.", "title": "Liberal Party of Australia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "They were first approved for contraceptive use in the United States in 1960, and are a very popular form of birth control. They are currently used by more than 100 million women worldwide and by almost 12 million women in the United States. As of 2014, 15.6% of U.S. women aged 15–44 reported being on the birth control pill, making it the most widely used contraceptive method among women of that age range. Use varies widely by country, age, education, and marital status. One third of women aged 16–49 in the United Kingdom currently use either the combined pill or progestogen-only pill,", "title": "Combined oral contraceptive pill" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "substantial degree of cervical effacement and more rapid cervical dilatation from 5 cm until full dilatation for first and subsequent labours. In the US, the definition of active labour was changed from 3 to 4 cm, to 5 cm of cervical dilation for multiparous women, mothers who had given birth previously, and at 6 cm for nulliparous women, those who had not given birth before. This was done in an effort to increase the rates of vaginal delivery.Health care providers may assess a labouring mother's progress in labour by performing a cervical exam to evaluate the cervical dilation, effacement, and station. These factors form the Bishop score. The Bishop score can also be used as a means to predict the success of an induction of labour.", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1. Personally attend to any Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (SRE) delegation or SRE affiliated office, with an appointment. 2. Fill with black ink, and by hand and in print the application for an ordinary passport book (Form OP - 5). The application can be obtained for free at any of the branches of the SRE or the Office of State or Municipal Liaison SRE. 3. Proof of Mexican nationality by presenting an original and a photocopy of any of the following documents: a) Certified copy of birth certificate issued by the Mexican civil registry office. Birth registration should not be time - barred (must have occurred within the first three years of life), if exceeded temporality, see section ``Additional Documentation for birth certificates with untimely registration ''; b) Certified copy of birth certificate issued by a consular office abroad . c) Certificate Copy of Mexican nationality; d) Declaration of Mexican nationality by birth ; e) Naturalization Certificate , and f) Certificate of Citizenship Identity issued by the Secretary of the Interior", "title": "Mexican passport" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The National Woman's Party, like the Congressional Union, was under the leadership of Alice Paul, who learned from militant suffragettes in Britain who used a variety of tactics to gain publicity for the cause of suffrage. Paul's strategy was to use publicity to hold the party in power, the Democratic Party and President Woodrow Wilson, responsible for the status of woman suffrage. Starting in January 1917, NWP members known as Silent Sentinels continued their quest for equality by protesting outside the White House.", "title": "National Woman's Party" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hilda Crosby Standish (1902 – June 1, 2005) was a pioneer in the birth control movement in the state of Connecticut. In 1935, she became medical director of the Maternal Health Center in Hartford, the state's first birth control clinic. Dr. Standish was inducted into the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame in 1994.", "title": "Hilda Crosby Standish" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prior to the second world war, birth control was prohibited in many countries, and in the United States even the discussion of contraceptive methods sometimes led to prosecution under Comstock laws. The history of the development of oral contraceptives is thus closely tied to the birth control movement and the efforts of activists Margaret Sanger, Mary Dennett, and Emma Goldman. Based on fundamental research performed by Gregory Pincus and synthetic methods for progesterone developed by Carl Djerassi at Syntex and by Frank Colton at G.D. Searle & Co., the first oral contraceptive, Enovid, was developed by E.D. Searle and Co. and approved by the FDA in 1960. The original formulation incorporated vastly excessive doses of hormones, and caused severe side effects. Nonetheless, by 1962, 1.2 million American women were on the pill, and by 1965 the number had increased to 6.5 million. The availability of a convenient form of temporary contraceptive led to dramatic changes in social mores including expanding the range of lifestyle options available to women, reducing the reliance of women on men for contraceptive practice, encouraging the delay of marriage, and increasing pre-marital co-habitation.", "title": "Pharmaceutical industry" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Argentina to parents of Italian descent, Paletta represented his birth nation at the under-20 level, participating in the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship in the Netherlands. He started all seven matches as Argentina won the title. In 2014, Paletta was called up to the Italy national team and made his debut in a friendly against Spain. He represented Italy at the FIFA World Cup later that year.", "title": "Gabriel Paletta" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Silent Sentinels were a group of women in favor of women's suffrage organized by Alice Paul and the National Woman's Party. They protested in front of the White House during Woodrow Wilson's presidency starting on January 10, 1917. The Silent Sentinels started to protest after a meeting with the president on January 9, 1917, during which he told the women to ``concert public opinion on behalf of women's suffrage. ''The women protested for six days a week until June 4, 1919 when the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed both by the House of Representatives and the Senate.", "title": "Silent Sentinels" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Native American Party, renamed the American Party in 1855 and commonly known as the Know Nothing movement, was an American nativist political party that operated nationally in the mid-1850s. It was primarily anti-Catholic, xenophobic, and hostile to immigration, starting originally as a secret society. The movement briefly emerged as a major political party in the form of the American Party. Adherents to the movement were to reply ``I know nothing ''when asked about its specifics by outsiders, thus providing the group with its common name.", "title": "Know Nothing" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 2005 National Family Health Survey, it was reported that the city's total fertility rate is 1.8,:47 which is below the replacement rate. Only 61% of children had been provided with all basic vaccines (BCG, measles and full courses of polio and DPT), fewer than in all other surveyed cities except Meerut.:98 The infant mortality rate was 35 per 1,000 live births, and the mortality rate for children under five was 41 per 1,000 live births.:97 The survey also reported that a third of women and a quarter of men are overweight or obese, 49% of children below 5 years are anaemic, and up to 20% of children are underweight,:44, 55–56 while more than 2% of women and 3% of men suffer from diabetes.:57", "title": "Hyderabad" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Guinea Bissau was 1000. This compares with 804.3 in 2008 and 966 in 1990. The under 5 mortality rate, per 1,000 births, was 195 and the neonatal mortality as a percentage of under 5's mortality was 24. The number of midwives per 1,000 live births was 3; one out of eighteen pregnant women die as a result of pregnancy. According to a 2013 UNICEF report, 50% of women in Guinea Bissau had undergone female genital mutilation. In 2010, Guinea Bissau had the 7th highest maternal mortality rate in the world.", "title": "Guinea-Bissau" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mary B. Thistlethwaite Birdsall (1828–1894) was born in Pennsylvania to English immigrants. She grew up on a farm near Richmond, Indiana, where she married Thomas Birdsall in 1848. They had three sons together. She was a journalist, a suffragist, and a temperance worker. She began her journalism career as the woman's editor at the \"Indiana Farmer\" newspaper. For about five years she owned \"The Lily\", a newspaper for women, which she purchased from suffragist Amelia Bloomer in 1854. She helped organize the second women's rights convention in Indiana. At that Indiana Convention in 1852, she was elected to be secretary for the newly formed Indiana Woman's Suffrage Association (IWSA), eventually becoming president of the organization. Birdsall was a vice-president at the fourth National Women's Rights Convention in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1853. She was among the first three women to address the Indiana legislature to present the 1859 Women's Rights Petition, speaking for a half-hour in support of women's suffrage. Her Richmond home is a model of progressive architecture as espoused by Catherine Beecher, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Birdsall died in Philadelphia in 1894 and was interred at Earlham Cemetery in Richmond.", "title": "Mary Birdsall" } ]	Where was the founder of the National Women's Party born?	Mount Laurel Township	[]	Title: List of heads of state of South Africa Passage: No State President (Birth -- Death) Portrait Tenure Elected Political affiliation (at time of appointment) Prime Minister Took office Left office Charles Robberts Swart (1894 -- 1982) 31 May 1961 1 June 1967 (resigned.) -- National Party Verwoerd Vorster -- Eben Dönges (1898 -- 1968) Elected but did not take office because of illness National Party -- Jozua François Naudé (1889 -- 1969) 1 June 1967 10 April 1968 -- National Party Vorster Jacobus Johannes Fouché (1898 -- 1980) 10 April 1968 9 April 1975 -- National Party Vorster -- Johannes de Klerk (1903 -- 1979) 9 April 1975 19 April 1975 -- National Party Vorster Nico Diederichs (1903 -- 1978) 19 April 1975 21 August 1978 (died in office.) -- National Party Vorster -- Marais Viljoen (1915 -- 2007) 21 August 1978 10 October 1978 -- National Party Vorster Botha B.J. Vorster (1915 -- 1983) 10 October 1978 4 June 1979 (resigned.) -- National Party Botha 5 Marais Viljoen (1915 -- 2007) 4 June 1979 19 June 1979 -- National Party Botha 19 June 1979 3 September 1984 Title: Childbirth Passage: substantial degree of cervical effacement and more rapid cervical dilatation from 5 cm until full dilatation for first and subsequent labours. In the US, the definition of active labour was changed from 3 to 4 cm, to 5 cm of cervical dilation for multiparous women, mothers who had given birth previously, and at 6 cm for nulliparous women, those who had not given birth before. This was done in an effort to increase the rates of vaginal delivery.Health care providers may assess a labouring mother's progress in labour by performing a cervical exam to evaluate the cervical dilation, effacement, and station. These factors form the Bishop score. The Bishop score can also be used as a means to predict the success of an induction of labour. Title: Birger Furugård Passage: Birger Furugård (8 December 1887 - 1961) was a Swedish politician and veterinarian. He hailed from Deje in Värmland. During the 1920s Furugård became inspired by the advance of National Socialism in Germany. He made several trips to Germany, and met with Adolf Hitler, Hermann Göring and Heinrich Himmler. In 1924 Furugård, together with his two brothers Gunnar and Sigurd, founded the Swedish National Socialist Freedom League. The following year the group was converted into the Swedish National Socialist Peasants and Workers Party. In 1930 Furugård's party merged with the National Socialist People's Party of Sweden and formed the New Swedish National Socialist Party. Furugård became "Riksledare" (National Leader) of the party. Soon, the party changed its name to Swedish National Socialist Party (SNSP). Title: International Women's Day Passage: After the Socialist Party of America organised a Women's Day on February 28, 1909 in New York, the 1910 International Socialist Woman's Conference suggested a Women's Day be held annually. After women gained suffrage in Soviet Russia in 1917, March 8 became a national holiday there. The day was then predominantly celebrated by the socialist movement and communist countries until it was adopted in 1975 by the United Nations. Title: National Woman's Party Passage: The National Woman's Party, like the Congressional Union, was under the leadership of Alice Paul, who learned from militant suffragettes in Britain who used a variety of tactics to gain publicity for the cause of suffrage. Paul's strategy was to use publicity to hold the party in power, the Democratic Party and President Woodrow Wilson, responsible for the status of woman suffrage. Starting in January 1917, NWP members known as Silent Sentinels continued their quest for equality by protesting outside the White House. Title: Gabriel Paletta Passage: Born in Argentina to parents of Italian descent, Paletta represented his birth nation at the under-20 level, participating in the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship in the Netherlands. He started all seven matches as Argentina won the title. In 2014, Paletta was called up to the Italy national team and made his debut in a friendly against Spain. He represented Italy at the FIFA World Cup later that year. Title: Silent Sentinels Passage: The Silent Sentinels were a group of women in favor of women's suffrage organized by Alice Paul and the National Woman's Party. They protested in front of the White House during Woodrow Wilson's presidency starting on January 10, 1917. The Silent Sentinels started to protest after a meeting with the president on January 9, 1917, during which he told the women to ``concert public opinion on behalf of women's suffrage. ''The women protested for six days a week until June 4, 1919 when the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed both by the House of Representatives and the Senate. Title: Hilda Crosby Standish Passage: Hilda Crosby Standish (1902 – June 1, 2005) was a pioneer in the birth control movement in the state of Connecticut. In 1935, she became medical director of the Maternal Health Center in Hartford, the state's first birth control clinic. Dr. Standish was inducted into the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame in 1994. Title: Mexican passport Passage: 1. Personally attend to any Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (SRE) delegation or SRE affiliated office, with an appointment. 2. Fill with black ink, and by hand and in print the application for an ordinary passport book (Form OP - 5). The application can be obtained for free at any of the branches of the SRE or the Office of State or Municipal Liaison SRE. 3. Proof of Mexican nationality by presenting an original and a photocopy of any of the following documents: a) Certified copy of birth certificate issued by the Mexican civil registry office. Birth registration should not be time - barred (must have occurred within the first three years of life), if exceeded temporality, see section ``Additional Documentation for birth certificates with untimely registration ''; b) Certified copy of birth certificate issued by a consular office abroad . c) Certificate Copy of Mexican nationality; d) Declaration of Mexican nationality by birth ; e) Naturalization Certificate , and f) Certificate of Citizenship Identity issued by the Secretary of the Interior Title: Liberal Party of Australia Passage: Through 2010, the party improved its vote in the Tasmanian and South Australian state elections and achieved state government in Victoria. In March 2011, the New South Wales Liberal-National Coalition led by Barry O'Farrell won government with the largest election victory in post-war Australian history at the State Election. In Queensland, the Liberal and National parties merged in 2008 to form the new Liberal National Party of Queensland (registered as the Queensland Division of the Liberal Party of Australia). In March 2012, the new party achieved Government in an historic landslide, led by former Brisbane Lord Mayor, Campbell Newman. Title: National League for Opposing Woman Suffrage Passage: The National League for Opposing Woman Suffrage was founded in London in December 1910 to oppose the extension of the voting franchise to women in the United Kingdom. It was formed as an amalgamation of the Women's National Anti-Suffrage League and the Men's League for Opposing Woman Suffrage. Its first president was Lord Cromer, and its executive committee consisted of seven men and seven women. In March 1912 Cromer was replaced by Lord Curzon and Lord Weardale as joint presidents. It continued the publication of the "Anti-Suffrage Review" produced originally by the Women's National Anti-Suffrage League. In 1912 the first Welsh branch opened in Bangor, following an upsurge in militant action in the country. Title: Guinea-Bissau Passage: The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Guinea Bissau was 1000. This compares with 804.3 in 2008 and 966 in 1990. The under 5 mortality rate, per 1,000 births, was 195 and the neonatal mortality as a percentage of under 5's mortality was 24. The number of midwives per 1,000 live births was 3; one out of eighteen pregnant women die as a result of pregnancy. According to a 2013 UNICEF report, 50% of women in Guinea Bissau had undergone female genital mutilation. In 2010, Guinea Bissau had the 7th highest maternal mortality rate in the world. Title: Mary Birdsall Passage: Mary B. Thistlethwaite Birdsall (1828–1894) was born in Pennsylvania to English immigrants. She grew up on a farm near Richmond, Indiana, where she married Thomas Birdsall in 1848. They had three sons together. She was a journalist, a suffragist, and a temperance worker. She began her journalism career as the woman's editor at the "Indiana Farmer" newspaper. For about five years she owned "The Lily", a newspaper for women, which she purchased from suffragist Amelia Bloomer in 1854. She helped organize the second women's rights convention in Indiana. At that Indiana Convention in 1852, she was elected to be secretary for the newly formed Indiana Woman's Suffrage Association (IWSA), eventually becoming president of the organization. Birdsall was a vice-president at the fourth National Women's Rights Convention in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1853. She was among the first three women to address the Indiana legislature to present the 1859 Women's Rights Petition, speaking for a half-hour in support of women's suffrage. Her Richmond home is a model of progressive architecture as espoused by Catherine Beecher, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Birdsall died in Philadelphia in 1894 and was interred at Earlham Cemetery in Richmond. Title: Combined oral contraceptive pill Passage: They were first approved for contraceptive use in the United States in 1960, and are a very popular form of birth control. They are currently used by more than 100 million women worldwide and by almost 12 million women in the United States. As of 2014, 15.6% of U.S. women aged 15–44 reported being on the birth control pill, making it the most widely used contraceptive method among women of that age range. Use varies widely by country, age, education, and marital status. One third of women aged 16–49 in the United Kingdom currently use either the combined pill or progestogen-only pill, Title: Know Nothing Passage: The Native American Party, renamed the American Party in 1855 and commonly known as the Know Nothing movement, was an American nativist political party that operated nationally in the mid-1850s. It was primarily anti-Catholic, xenophobic, and hostile to immigration, starting originally as a secret society. The movement briefly emerged as a major political party in the form of the American Party. Adherents to the movement were to reply ``I know nothing ''when asked about its specifics by outsiders, thus providing the group with its common name. Title: Pharmaceutical industry Passage: Prior to the second world war, birth control was prohibited in many countries, and in the United States even the discussion of contraceptive methods sometimes led to prosecution under Comstock laws. The history of the development of oral contraceptives is thus closely tied to the birth control movement and the efforts of activists Margaret Sanger, Mary Dennett, and Emma Goldman. Based on fundamental research performed by Gregory Pincus and synthetic methods for progesterone developed by Carl Djerassi at Syntex and by Frank Colton at G.D. Searle & Co., the first oral contraceptive, Enovid, was developed by E.D. Searle and Co. and approved by the FDA in 1960. The original formulation incorporated vastly excessive doses of hormones, and caused severe side effects. Nonetheless, by 1962, 1.2 million American women were on the pill, and by 1965 the number had increased to 6.5 million. The availability of a convenient form of temporary contraceptive led to dramatic changes in social mores including expanding the range of lifestyle options available to women, reducing the reliance of women on men for contraceptive practice, encouraging the delay of marriage, and increasing pre-marital co-habitation. Title: Hyderabad Passage: In the 2005 National Family Health Survey, it was reported that the city's total fertility rate is 1.8,:47 which is below the replacement rate. Only 61% of children had been provided with all basic vaccines (BCG, measles and full courses of polio and DPT), fewer than in all other surveyed cities except Meerut.:98 The infant mortality rate was 35 per 1,000 live births, and the mortality rate for children under five was 41 per 1,000 live births.:97 The survey also reported that a third of women and a quarter of men are overweight or obese, 49% of children below 5 years are anaemic, and up to 20% of children are underweight,:44, 55–56 while more than 2% of women and 3% of men suffer from diabetes.:57 Title: Marina Pettersson-Engström Passage: Marina Pettersson-Engström (born 21 September 1987) is a Swedish footballer. She played as a centre back for Damallsvenskan club KIF Örebro DFF and the Sweden women's national football team. After eleven seasons playing for KIF Örebro, she retired shortly after the conclusion of the 2015 season. Following the birth of her child she agreed a return to Örebro ahead of the 2017 season. Title: Natalie Achonwa Passage: Natalie Achonwa (born November 22, 1992) is a Canadian professional basketball player for the Indiana Fever of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She played on the Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's basketball team. Achonwa was born in Toronto, Ontario, started playing basketball in Guelph, Ontario, and is tall. Title: Paulsdale Passage: Paulsdale, in Mount Laurel Township, New Jersey, was the birthplace and childhood home of Alice Paul, a major leader in the Women's suffrage movement in the United States. Paulsdale was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1991.	[ "Paulsdale", "National Woman's Party" ]
2hop__16267_25719	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Y DNA studies tend to imply a small number of founders in an old population whose members parted and followed different migration paths. In most Jewish populations, these male line ancestors appear to have been mainly Middle Eastern. For example, Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with other Jewish and Middle Eastern groups than with non-Jewish populations in areas where Jews lived in Eastern Europe, Germany and the French Rhine Valley. This is consistent with Jewish traditions in placing most Jewish paternal origins in the region of the Middle East. Conversely, the maternal lineages of Jewish populations, studied by looking at mitochondrial DNA, are generally more heterogeneous. Scholars such as Harry Ostrer and Raphael Falk believe this indicates that many Jewish males found new mates from European and other communities in the places where they migrated in the diaspora after fleeing ancient Israel. In contrast, Behar has found evidence that about 40% of Ashkenazi Jews originate maternally from just four female founders, who were of Middle Eastern origin. The populations of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jewish communities \"showed no evidence for a narrow founder effect.\" Subsequent studies carried out by Feder et al. confirmed the large portion of non-local maternal origin among Ashkenazi Jews. Reflecting on their findings related to the maternal origin of Ashkenazi Jews, the authors conclude \"Clearly, the differences between Jews and non-Jews are far larger than those observed among the Jewish communities. Hence, differences between the Jewish communities can be overlooked when non-Jews are included in the comparisons.\"", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Of the estimated 8.8 million Jews living in Europe at the beginning of World War II, the majority of whom were Ashkenazi, about 6 million – more than two-thirds – were systematically murdered in the Holocaust. These included 3 million of 3.3 million Polish Jews (91%); 900,000 of 1.5 million in Ukraine (60%); and 50–90% of the Jews of other Slavic nations, Germany, Hungary, and the Baltic states, and over 25% of the Jews in France. Sephardi communities suffered similar depletions in a few countries, including Greece, the Netherlands and the former Yugoslavia. As the large majority of the victims were Ashkenazi Jews, their percentage dropped from nearly 92% of world Jewry in 1931 to nearly 80% of world Jewry today. The Holocaust also effectively put an end to the dynamic development of the Yiddish language in the previous decades, as the vast majority of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, around 5 million, were Yiddish speakers. Many of the surviving Ashkenazi Jews emigrated to countries such as Israel, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and the United States after the war.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group. The research demonstrates the endogamy of the Jewish population in Europe and lends further credence to the idea of Ashkenazi Jews as an ethnic group. Moreover, though intermarriage among Jews of Ashkenazi descent has become increasingly common, many Haredi Jews, particularly members of Hasidic or Hareidi sects, continue to marry exclusively fellow Ashkenazi Jews. This trend keeps Ashkenazi genes prevalent and also helps researchers further study the genes of Ashkenazi Jews with relative ease. It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A study of haplotypes of the Y-chromosome, published in 2000, addressed the paternal origins of Ashkenazi Jews. Hammer et al. found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population. This suggested that the male ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to the Middle East. The proportion of male genetic admixture in Ashkenazi Jews amounts to less than 0.5% per generation over an estimated 80 generations, with \"relatively minor contribution of European Y chromosomes to the Ashkenazim,\" and a total admixture estimate \"very similar to Motulsky's average estimate of 12.5%.\" This supported the finding that \"Diaspora Jews from Europe, Northwest Africa, and the Near East resemble each other more closely than they resemble their non-Jewish neighbors.\" \"Past research found that 50–80 percent of DNA from the Ashkenazi Y chromosome, which is used to trace the male lineage, originated in the Near East,\" Richards said.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As Ashkenazi Jews moved away from Europe, mostly in the form of aliyah to Israel, or immigration to North America, and other English-speaking areas; and Europe (particularly France) and Latin America, the geographic isolation that gave rise to Ashkenazim has given way to mixing with other cultures, and with non-Ashkenazi Jews who, similarly, are no longer isolated in distinct geographic locales. Hebrew has replaced Yiddish as the primary Jewish language for many Ashkenazi Jews, although many Hasidic and Hareidi groups continue to use Yiddish in daily life. (There are numerous Ashkenazi Jewish anglophones and Russian-speakers as well, although English and Russian are not originally Jewish languages.)", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the early 5th century, the deep crisis suffered by the Roman Empire allowed different tribes of Central Europe (Suebi, Vandals and Alani) to cross the Rhine and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (foedus) by which the Suebi would settle peacefully and govern Galicia as imperial allies. So, from 409 Galicia was taken by the Suebi, forming the first medieval kingdom to be created in Europe, in 411, even before the fall of the Roman Empire, being also the first Germanic kingdom to mint coinage in Roman lands. During this period a Briton colony and bishopric (see Mailoc) was established in Northern Galicia (Britonia), probably as foederati and allies of the Suebi. In 585, the Visigothic King Leovigild invaded the Suebic kingdom of Galicia and defeated it, bringing it under Visigoth control.", "title": "Galicia (Spain)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yahudi (, \"Jew\"), is a 1958 Bollywood film directed by Bimal Roy. It starred Dilip Kumar, Meena Kumari, Sohrab Modi, Nazir Hussain, Nigar Sultana and others. It was based on the play \"Yahudi Ki Ladki\" by Agha Hashar Kashmiri, a classic in Parsi-Urdu theatre, about persecution of Jews in the Roman Empire.", "title": "Yahudi" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Religious Jews have Minhagim, customs, in addition to Halakha, or religious law, and different interpretations of law. Different groups of religious Jews in different geographic areas historically adopted different customs and interpretations. On certain issues, Orthodox Jews are required to follow the customs of their ancestors, and do not believe they have the option of picking and choosing. For this reason, observant Jews at times find it important for religious reasons to ascertain who their household's religious ancestors are in order to know what customs their household should follow. These times include, for example, when two Jews of different ethnic background marry, when a non-Jew converts to Judaism and determines what customs to follow for the first time, or when a lapsed or less observant Jew returns to traditional Judaism and must determine what was done in his or her family's past. In this sense, \"Ashkenazic\" refers both to a family ancestry and to a body of customs binding on Jews of that ancestry. Reform Judaism, which does not necessarily follow those minhagim, did nonetheless originate among Ashkenazi Jews.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 2013 trans-genome study carried out by 30 geneticists, from 13 universities and academies, from 9 countries, assembling the largest data set available to date, for assessment of Ashkenazi Jewish genetic origins found no evidence of Khazar origin among Ashkenazi Jews. \"Thus, analysis of Ashkenazi Jews together with a large sample from the region of the Khazar Khaganate corroborates the earlier results that Ashkenazi Jews derive their ancestry primarily from populations of the Middle East and Europe, that they possess considerable shared ancestry with other Jewish populations, and that there is no indication of a significant genetic contribution either from within or from north of the Caucasus region\", the authors concluded.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is one whose ancestry can be traced to the Jews who settled in Central Europe. For roughly a thousand years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe, despite living in many countries, with little inflow or outflow from migration, conversion, or intermarriage with other groups, including other Jews. Human geneticists have argued that genetic variations have been identified that show high frequencies among Ashkenazi Jews, but not in the general European population, be they for patrilineal markers (Y-chromosome haplotypes) and for matrilineal markers (mitotypes). However, a 2013 study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA, from the University of Huddersfield in England, suggests that at least 80 percent of the Ashkenazi maternal lineages derive from the assimilation of mtDNAs indigenous to Europe, probably as a consequence of conversion. Since the middle of the 20th century, many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities and with people of other nations and faiths.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New developments in Judaism often transcend differences in religious practice between Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews. In North American cities, social trends such as the chavurah movement, and the emergence of \"post-denominational Judaism\" often bring together younger Jews of diverse ethnic backgrounds. In recent years, there has been increased interest in Kabbalah, which many Ashkenazi Jews study outside of the Yeshiva framework. Another trend is the new popularity of ecstatic worship in the Jewish Renewal movement and the Carlebach style minyan, both of which are nominally of Ashkenazi origin.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 2010 study on Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. stated \"Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation of Ashkenazi Jewry\", as both groups – the Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews – shared common ancestors in the Middle East about 2500 years ago. The study examines genetic markers spread across the entire genome and shows that the Jewish groups (Ashkenazi and non Ashkenazi) share large swaths of DNA, indicating close relationships and that each of the Jewish groups in the study (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek and Ashkenazi) has its own genetic signature but is more closely related to the other Jewish groups than to their fellow non-Jewish countrymen. Atzmon's team found that the SNP markers in genetic segments of 3 million DNA letters or longer were 10 times more likely to be identical among Jews than non-Jews. Results of the analysis also tally with biblical accounts of the fate of the Jews. The study also found that with respect to non-Jewish European groups, the population most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews are modern-day Italians. The study speculated that the genetic-similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be due to inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire. It was also found that any two Ashkenazi Jewish participants in the study shared about as much DNA as fourth or fifth cousins.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2013, however, a study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA by a team led by Martin B. Richards of the University of Huddersfield in England reached different conclusions, again corroborating the pre-2006 origin hypothesis. Testing was performed on the full 16,600 DNA units composing mitochondrial DNA (the 2006 Behar study had only tested 1,000 units) in all their subjects, and the study found that the four main female Ashkenazi founders had descent lines that were established in Europe 10,000 to 20,000 years in the past while most of the remaining minor founders also have a deep European ancestry. The study states that the great majority of Ashkenazi maternal lineages were not brought from the Near East (i.e., they were non-Israelite), nor were they recruited in the Caucasus (i.e., they were non-Khazar), but instead they were assimilated within Europe, primarily of Italian and Old French origins. Richards summarized the findings on the female line as such: \"[N]one [of the mtDNA] came from the North Caucasus, located along the border between Europe and Asia between the Black and Caspian seas. All of our presently available studies including my own, should thoroughly debunk one of the most questionable, but still tenacious, hypotheses: that most Ashkenazi Jews can trace their roots to the mysterious Khazar Kingdom that flourished during the ninth century in the region between the Byzantine Empire and the Persian Empire.\" The 2013 study estimated that 80 percent of Ashkenazi maternal ancestry comes from women indigenous to Europe, and only 8 percent from the Near East, while the origin of the remainder is undetermined. According to the study these findings \"point to a significant role for the conversion of women in the formation of Ashkenazi communities.\"", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi make up less than 74% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sporadic epigraphic evidence in grave site excavations, particularly in Brigetio (Szőny), Aquincum (Óbuda), Intercisa (Dunaújváros), Triccinae (Sárvár), Savaria (Szombathely), Sopianae (Pécs), and Osijek in Croatia, attest to the presence of Jews after the 2nd and 3rd centuries where Roman garrisons were established, There was a sufficient number of Jews in Pannonia to form communities and build a synagogue. Jewish troops were among the Syrian soldiers transferred there, and replenished from the Middle East, after 175 C.E. Jews and especially Syrians came from Antioch, Tarsus and Cappadocia. Others came from Italy and the Hellenized parts of the Roman empire. The excavations suggest they first lived in isolated enclaves attached to Roman legion camps, and intermarried among other similar oriental families within the military orders of the region.Raphael Patai states that later Roman writers remarked that they differed little in either customs, manner of writing, or names from the people among whom they dwelt; and it was especially difficult to differentiate Jews from the Syrians. After Pannonia was ceded to the Huns in 433, the garrison populations were withdrawn to Italy, and only a few, enigmatic traces remain of a possible Jewish presence in the area some centuries later.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Israel, the term Ashkenazi is now used in a manner unrelated to its original meaning, often applied to all Jews who settled in Europe and sometimes including those whose ethnic background is actually Sephardic. Jews of any non-Ashkenazi background, including Mizrahi, Yemenite, Kurdish and others who have no connection with the Iberian Peninsula, have similarly come to be lumped together as Sephardic. Jews of mixed background are increasingly common, partly because of intermarriage between Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi, and partly because many do not see such historic markers as relevant to their life experiences as Jews.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In this respect, the counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic, since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they are ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman who marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her children to be Ashkenazi Jews; conversely an Ashkenazi woman who marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man is expected to take on Sephardic practice and the children inherit a Sephardic identity, though in practice many families compromise. A convert generally follows the practice of the beth din that converted him or her. With the integration of Jews from around the world in Israel, North America, and other places, the religious definition of an Ashkenazi Jew is blurring, especially outside Orthodox Judaism.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries. In comparison with data available from other relevant populations in the region, Jews were found to be more closely related to groups in the north of the Fertile Crescent. The authors also report on Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes, which are very frequent in Central and Eastern Europeans (54%–60%) at elevated frequency (12.7%) in Ashkenazi Jews. They hypothesized that the differences among Ashkenazim Jews could reflect low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation. A later 2005 study by Nebel et al., found a similar level of 11.5% of male Ashkenazim belonging to R1a1a (M17+), the dominant Y-chromosome haplogroup in Central and Eastern Europeans.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Studies of autosomal DNA, which look at the entire DNA mixture, have become increasingly important as the technology develops. They show that Jewish populations have tended to form relatively closely related groups in independent communities, with most in a community sharing significant ancestry in common. For Jewish populations of the diaspora, the genetic composition of Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and Mizrahi Jewish populations show a predominant amount of shared Middle Eastern ancestry. According to Behar, the most parsimonious explanation for this shared Middle Eastern ancestry is that it is \"consistent with the historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant\" and \"the dispersion of the people of ancient Israel throughout the Old World\". North African, Italian and others of Iberian origin show variable frequencies of admixture with non-Jewish historical host populations among the maternal lines. In the case of Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews (in particular Moroccan Jews), who are closely related, the source of non-Jewish admixture is mainly southern European, while Mizrahi Jews show evidence of admixture with other Middle Eastern populations and Sub-Saharan Africans. Behar et al. have remarked on an especially close relationship of Ashkenazi Jews and modern Italians.", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Israel was established as a homeland for the Jewish people and is often referred to as a Jewish state. The country's Law of Return grants all Jews and those of Jewish ancestry the right to Israeli citizenship. Over three quarters, or 75.5%, of the population are Jews from a diversity of Jewish backgrounds. Around 4% of Israelis (300,000), ethnically defined as \"others\", are Russian descendants of Jewish origin or family who are not Jewish according to rabbinical law, but were eligible for Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return. Approximately 75% of Israeli Jews are born in Israel, 17% are immigrants from Europe and the Americas, and 8% are immigrants from Asia and Africa (including the Arab World). Jews from Europe and the former Soviet Union and their descendants born in Israel, including Ashkenazi Jews, constitute approximately 50% of Jewish Israelis. Jews who left or fled Arab and Muslim countries and their descendants, including both Mizrahi and Sephardi Jews, form most of the rest of the Jewish population. Jewish intermarriage rates run at over 35% and recent studies suggest that the percentage of Israelis descended from both Sephardi and Ashkenazi Jews increases by 0.5 percent every year, with over 25% of school children now originating from both communities.", "title": "Israel" } ]	At the end of which year did the tribes in the area where the Ashkenazi Jews can trace their ancestry to Jews who settled there invade the roman empire?	406	[]	Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: In 2013, however, a study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA by a team led by Martin B. Richards of the University of Huddersfield in England reached different conclusions, again corroborating the pre-2006 origin hypothesis. Testing was performed on the full 16,600 DNA units composing mitochondrial DNA (the 2006 Behar study had only tested 1,000 units) in all their subjects, and the study found that the four main female Ashkenazi founders had descent lines that were established in Europe 10,000 to 20,000 years in the past while most of the remaining minor founders also have a deep European ancestry. The study states that the great majority of Ashkenazi maternal lineages were not brought from the Near East (i.e., they were non-Israelite), nor were they recruited in the Caucasus (i.e., they were non-Khazar), but instead they were assimilated within Europe, primarily of Italian and Old French origins. Richards summarized the findings on the female line as such: "[N]one [of the mtDNA] came from the North Caucasus, located along the border between Europe and Asia between the Black and Caspian seas. All of our presently available studies including my own, should thoroughly debunk one of the most questionable, but still tenacious, hypotheses: that most Ashkenazi Jews can trace their roots to the mysterious Khazar Kingdom that flourished during the ninth century in the region between the Byzantine Empire and the Persian Empire." The 2013 study estimated that 80 percent of Ashkenazi maternal ancestry comes from women indigenous to Europe, and only 8 percent from the Near East, while the origin of the remainder is undetermined. According to the study these findings "point to a significant role for the conversion of women in the formation of Ashkenazi communities." Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: New developments in Judaism often transcend differences in religious practice between Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews. In North American cities, social trends such as the chavurah movement, and the emergence of "post-denominational Judaism" often bring together younger Jews of diverse ethnic backgrounds. In recent years, there has been increased interest in Kabbalah, which many Ashkenazi Jews study outside of the Yeshiva framework. Another trend is the new popularity of ecstatic worship in the Jewish Renewal movement and the Carlebach style minyan, both of which are nominally of Ashkenazi origin. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: In this respect, the counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic, since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they are ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman who marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her children to be Ashkenazi Jews; conversely an Ashkenazi woman who marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man is expected to take on Sephardic practice and the children inherit a Sephardic identity, though in practice many families compromise. A convert generally follows the practice of the beth din that converted him or her. With the integration of Jews from around the world in Israel, North America, and other places, the religious definition of an Ashkenazi Jew is blurring, especially outside Orthodox Judaism. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries. In comparison with data available from other relevant populations in the region, Jews were found to be more closely related to groups in the north of the Fertile Crescent. The authors also report on Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes, which are very frequent in Central and Eastern Europeans (54%–60%) at elevated frequency (12.7%) in Ashkenazi Jews. They hypothesized that the differences among Ashkenazim Jews could reflect low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation. A later 2005 study by Nebel et al., found a similar level of 11.5% of male Ashkenazim belonging to R1a1a (M17+), the dominant Y-chromosome haplogroup in Central and Eastern Europeans. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi make up less than 74% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2013 trans-genome study carried out by 30 geneticists, from 13 universities and academies, from 9 countries, assembling the largest data set available to date, for assessment of Ashkenazi Jewish genetic origins found no evidence of Khazar origin among Ashkenazi Jews. "Thus, analysis of Ashkenazi Jews together with a large sample from the region of the Khazar Khaganate corroborates the earlier results that Ashkenazi Jews derive their ancestry primarily from populations of the Middle East and Europe, that they possess considerable shared ancestry with other Jewish populations, and that there is no indication of a significant genetic contribution either from within or from north of the Caucasus region", the authors concluded. Title: Israel Passage: Israel was established as a homeland for the Jewish people and is often referred to as a Jewish state. The country's Law of Return grants all Jews and those of Jewish ancestry the right to Israeli citizenship. Over three quarters, or 75.5%, of the population are Jews from a diversity of Jewish backgrounds. Around 4% of Israelis (300,000), ethnically defined as "others", are Russian descendants of Jewish origin or family who are not Jewish according to rabbinical law, but were eligible for Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return. Approximately 75% of Israeli Jews are born in Israel, 17% are immigrants from Europe and the Americas, and 8% are immigrants from Asia and Africa (including the Arab World). Jews from Europe and the former Soviet Union and their descendants born in Israel, including Ashkenazi Jews, constitute approximately 50% of Jewish Israelis. Jews who left or fled Arab and Muslim countries and their descendants, including both Mizrahi and Sephardi Jews, form most of the rest of the Jewish population. Jewish intermarriage rates run at over 35% and recent studies suggest that the percentage of Israelis descended from both Sephardi and Ashkenazi Jews increases by 0.5 percent every year, with over 25% of school children now originating from both communities. Title: Jews Passage: Studies of autosomal DNA, which look at the entire DNA mixture, have become increasingly important as the technology develops. They show that Jewish populations have tended to form relatively closely related groups in independent communities, with most in a community sharing significant ancestry in common. For Jewish populations of the diaspora, the genetic composition of Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and Mizrahi Jewish populations show a predominant amount of shared Middle Eastern ancestry. According to Behar, the most parsimonious explanation for this shared Middle Eastern ancestry is that it is "consistent with the historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant" and "the dispersion of the people of ancient Israel throughout the Old World". North African, Italian and others of Iberian origin show variable frequencies of admixture with non-Jewish historical host populations among the maternal lines. In the case of Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews (in particular Moroccan Jews), who are closely related, the source of non-Jewish admixture is mainly southern European, while Mizrahi Jews show evidence of admixture with other Middle Eastern populations and Sub-Saharan Africans. Behar et al. have remarked on an especially close relationship of Ashkenazi Jews and modern Italians. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: Religious Jews have Minhagim, customs, in addition to Halakha, or religious law, and different interpretations of law. Different groups of religious Jews in different geographic areas historically adopted different customs and interpretations. On certain issues, Orthodox Jews are required to follow the customs of their ancestors, and do not believe they have the option of picking and choosing. For this reason, observant Jews at times find it important for religious reasons to ascertain who their household's religious ancestors are in order to know what customs their household should follow. These times include, for example, when two Jews of different ethnic background marry, when a non-Jew converts to Judaism and determines what customs to follow for the first time, or when a lapsed or less observant Jew returns to traditional Judaism and must determine what was done in his or her family's past. In this sense, "Ashkenazic" refers both to a family ancestry and to a body of customs binding on Jews of that ancestry. Reform Judaism, which does not necessarily follow those minhagim, did nonetheless originate among Ashkenazi Jews. Title: Galicia (Spain) Passage: In the early 5th century, the deep crisis suffered by the Roman Empire allowed different tribes of Central Europe (Suebi, Vandals and Alani) to cross the Rhine and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (foedus) by which the Suebi would settle peacefully and govern Galicia as imperial allies. So, from 409 Galicia was taken by the Suebi, forming the first medieval kingdom to be created in Europe, in 411, even before the fall of the Roman Empire, being also the first Germanic kingdom to mint coinage in Roman lands. During this period a Briton colony and bishopric (see Mailoc) was established in Northern Galicia (Britonia), probably as foederati and allies of the Suebi. In 585, the Visigothic King Leovigild invaded the Suebic kingdom of Galicia and defeated it, bringing it under Visigoth control. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: In Israel, the term Ashkenazi is now used in a manner unrelated to its original meaning, often applied to all Jews who settled in Europe and sometimes including those whose ethnic background is actually Sephardic. Jews of any non-Ashkenazi background, including Mizrahi, Yemenite, Kurdish and others who have no connection with the Iberian Peninsula, have similarly come to be lumped together as Sephardic. Jews of mixed background are increasingly common, partly because of intermarriage between Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi, and partly because many do not see such historic markers as relevant to their life experiences as Jews. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group. The research demonstrates the endogamy of the Jewish population in Europe and lends further credence to the idea of Ashkenazi Jews as an ethnic group. Moreover, though intermarriage among Jews of Ashkenazi descent has become increasingly common, many Haredi Jews, particularly members of Hasidic or Hareidi sects, continue to marry exclusively fellow Ashkenazi Jews. This trend keeps Ashkenazi genes prevalent and also helps researchers further study the genes of Ashkenazi Jews with relative ease. It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2010 study on Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. stated "Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation of Ashkenazi Jewry", as both groups – the Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews – shared common ancestors in the Middle East about 2500 years ago. The study examines genetic markers spread across the entire genome and shows that the Jewish groups (Ashkenazi and non Ashkenazi) share large swaths of DNA, indicating close relationships and that each of the Jewish groups in the study (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek and Ashkenazi) has its own genetic signature but is more closely related to the other Jewish groups than to their fellow non-Jewish countrymen. Atzmon's team found that the SNP markers in genetic segments of 3 million DNA letters or longer were 10 times more likely to be identical among Jews than non-Jews. Results of the analysis also tally with biblical accounts of the fate of the Jews. The study also found that with respect to non-Jewish European groups, the population most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews are modern-day Italians. The study speculated that the genetic-similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be due to inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire. It was also found that any two Ashkenazi Jewish participants in the study shared about as much DNA as fourth or fifth cousins. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is one whose ancestry can be traced to the Jews who settled in Central Europe. For roughly a thousand years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe, despite living in many countries, with little inflow or outflow from migration, conversion, or intermarriage with other groups, including other Jews. Human geneticists have argued that genetic variations have been identified that show high frequencies among Ashkenazi Jews, but not in the general European population, be they for patrilineal markers (Y-chromosome haplotypes) and for matrilineal markers (mitotypes). However, a 2013 study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA, from the University of Huddersfield in England, suggests that at least 80 percent of the Ashkenazi maternal lineages derive from the assimilation of mtDNAs indigenous to Europe, probably as a consequence of conversion. Since the middle of the 20th century, many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities and with people of other nations and faiths. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A study of haplotypes of the Y-chromosome, published in 2000, addressed the paternal origins of Ashkenazi Jews. Hammer et al. found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population. This suggested that the male ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to the Middle East. The proportion of male genetic admixture in Ashkenazi Jews amounts to less than 0.5% per generation over an estimated 80 generations, with "relatively minor contribution of European Y chromosomes to the Ashkenazim," and a total admixture estimate "very similar to Motulsky's average estimate of 12.5%." This supported the finding that "Diaspora Jews from Europe, Northwest Africa, and the Near East resemble each other more closely than they resemble their non-Jewish neighbors." "Past research found that 50–80 percent of DNA from the Ashkenazi Y chromosome, which is used to trace the male lineage, originated in the Near East," Richards said. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: Sporadic epigraphic evidence in grave site excavations, particularly in Brigetio (Szőny), Aquincum (Óbuda), Intercisa (Dunaújváros), Triccinae (Sárvár), Savaria (Szombathely), Sopianae (Pécs), and Osijek in Croatia, attest to the presence of Jews after the 2nd and 3rd centuries where Roman garrisons were established, There was a sufficient number of Jews in Pannonia to form communities and build a synagogue. Jewish troops were among the Syrian soldiers transferred there, and replenished from the Middle East, after 175 C.E. Jews and especially Syrians came from Antioch, Tarsus and Cappadocia. Others came from Italy and the Hellenized parts of the Roman empire. The excavations suggest they first lived in isolated enclaves attached to Roman legion camps, and intermarried among other similar oriental families within the military orders of the region.Raphael Patai states that later Roman writers remarked that they differed little in either customs, manner of writing, or names from the people among whom they dwelt; and it was especially difficult to differentiate Jews from the Syrians. After Pannonia was ceded to the Huns in 433, the garrison populations were withdrawn to Italy, and only a few, enigmatic traces remain of a possible Jewish presence in the area some centuries later. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: As Ashkenazi Jews moved away from Europe, mostly in the form of aliyah to Israel, or immigration to North America, and other English-speaking areas; and Europe (particularly France) and Latin America, the geographic isolation that gave rise to Ashkenazim has given way to mixing with other cultures, and with non-Ashkenazi Jews who, similarly, are no longer isolated in distinct geographic locales. Hebrew has replaced Yiddish as the primary Jewish language for many Ashkenazi Jews, although many Hasidic and Hareidi groups continue to use Yiddish in daily life. (There are numerous Ashkenazi Jewish anglophones and Russian-speakers as well, although English and Russian are not originally Jewish languages.) Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: Of the estimated 8.8 million Jews living in Europe at the beginning of World War II, the majority of whom were Ashkenazi, about 6 million – more than two-thirds – were systematically murdered in the Holocaust. These included 3 million of 3.3 million Polish Jews (91%); 900,000 of 1.5 million in Ukraine (60%); and 50–90% of the Jews of other Slavic nations, Germany, Hungary, and the Baltic states, and over 25% of the Jews in France. Sephardi communities suffered similar depletions in a few countries, including Greece, the Netherlands and the former Yugoslavia. As the large majority of the victims were Ashkenazi Jews, their percentage dropped from nearly 92% of world Jewry in 1931 to nearly 80% of world Jewry today. The Holocaust also effectively put an end to the dynamic development of the Yiddish language in the previous decades, as the vast majority of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, around 5 million, were Yiddish speakers. Many of the surviving Ashkenazi Jews emigrated to countries such as Israel, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and the United States after the war. Title: Jews Passage: Y DNA studies tend to imply a small number of founders in an old population whose members parted and followed different migration paths. In most Jewish populations, these male line ancestors appear to have been mainly Middle Eastern. For example, Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with other Jewish and Middle Eastern groups than with non-Jewish populations in areas where Jews lived in Eastern Europe, Germany and the French Rhine Valley. This is consistent with Jewish traditions in placing most Jewish paternal origins in the region of the Middle East. Conversely, the maternal lineages of Jewish populations, studied by looking at mitochondrial DNA, are generally more heterogeneous. Scholars such as Harry Ostrer and Raphael Falk believe this indicates that many Jewish males found new mates from European and other communities in the places where they migrated in the diaspora after fleeing ancient Israel. In contrast, Behar has found evidence that about 40% of Ashkenazi Jews originate maternally from just four female founders, who were of Middle Eastern origin. The populations of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jewish communities "showed no evidence for a narrow founder effect." Subsequent studies carried out by Feder et al. confirmed the large portion of non-local maternal origin among Ashkenazi Jews. Reflecting on their findings related to the maternal origin of Ashkenazi Jews, the authors conclude "Clearly, the differences between Jews and non-Jews are far larger than those observed among the Jewish communities. Hence, differences between the Jewish communities can be overlooked when non-Jews are included in the comparisons." Title: Yahudi Passage: Yahudi (, "Jew"), is a 1958 Bollywood film directed by Bimal Roy. It starred Dilip Kumar, Meena Kumari, Sohrab Modi, Nazir Hussain, Nigar Sultana and others. It was based on the play "Yahudi Ki Ladki" by Agha Hashar Kashmiri, a classic in Parsi-Urdu theatre, about persecution of Jews in the Roman Empire.	[ "Galicia (Spain)", "Ashkenazi Jews" ]
2hop__538735_3299	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Alive and Schticking\" is the season premiere of the American television series \"Will & Grace\"s eighth season. It was written by Bill Wrubel and directed by series producer James Burrows. The episode was broadcast live on NBC in the United States on September 29, 2005, and was performed twice by the actors that evening for the East and West coasts. Alec Baldwin guest starred in \"Alive and Schticking\" and received an Emmy Award nomination for his performance.", "title": "Alive and Schticking" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "American Idol has traditionally released studio recordings of contestants' performances as well as the winner's coronation single for sale. For the first five seasons, the recordings were released as a compilation album at the end of the season. All five of these albums reached the top ten in Billboard 200 which made then American Idol the most successful soundtrack franchise of any motion picture or television program. Starting late in season five, individual performances were released during the season as digital downloads, initially from the American Idol official website only. In season seven the live performances and studio recordings were made available during the season from iTunes when it joined as a sponsor. In Season ten the weekly studio recordings were also released as compilation digital album straight after performance night.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Love Addict\" is the 7th single by Mika Nakashima. It peaked on the Oricon weekly charts at #5 and sold roughly 68,943 copies.", "title": "Love Addict (Mika Nakashima song)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Archuleta's performance of John Lennon's \"Imagine\" was considered by many as one of the best of the season. Jennifer Lopez, who was brought in as a judge in season ten, called it a beautiful song-moment that she will never forget. Jason Castro's semi-final performance of \"Hallelujah\" also received considerable attention, and it propelled Jeff Buckley's version of the song to the top of the Billboard digital song chart. This was the first season in which contestants' recordings were released onto iTunes after their performances, and although sales information was not released so as not to prejudice the contest, leaked information indicated that contestants' songs frequently reached the top of iTunes sales charts.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Fire and Rain ''is a folk rock song written and performed by James Taylor. Released on Warner Bros. Records as a single from his second album, Sweet Baby James, in February 1970, the song follows Taylor's reaction to the suicide of Suzanne Schnerr, a childhood friend, and his experiences with drug addiction and fame. After its release,`` Fire and Rain'' peaked at number two on RPM's Canada Top Singles chart and at number three on the Billboard Hot 100.", "title": "Fire and Rain (song)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During seasons one through six (2006 -- 11), the live shows were filmed at Stage 36 of CBS Television City in Los Angeles. In season seven (2012), the live shows were held at the New Jersey Performing Arts Center in Newark. From seasons eight through ten (2013 -- 15), live performances were held at Radio City Music Hall in New York. From season eleven (2016) onwards the live shows are being held at the Dolby Theatre.", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Addicted\" is Ace Young's second single, after his 2006 song \"Scattered\". \"Addicted\" is the first and only single from his self-titled 2008 CD. The song was written by Desmond Child and Andreas Carlsson, who was part of the team who wrote for the Backstreet Boys. It was produced by Desmond Child.", "title": "Addicted (Ace Young song)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Anatomy of Addiction is the second and final studio album by the experimental rock band God, released on 5 May 1994 by Big Cat Records.", "title": "The Anatomy of Addiction" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Psychology of Addictive Behaviors is a peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Psychological Association that publishes original articles related to the psychological aspects of addictive behaviors 8 times a year. The current editor-in-chief is Nancy M. Petry (University of Connecticut School of Medicine).", "title": "Psychology of Addictive Behaviors" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trust No One is the debut solo album by Jane's Addiction and former Red Hot Chili Peppers guitarist Dave Navarro, released on June 19, 2001 on Capitol.", "title": "Trust No One (Dave Navarro album)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Needle and the Damage Done ''is a song by Neil Young that describes the destruction caused by the heroin addiction of musicians he knew. Though not specifically about him, the song was inspired by the heroin addiction of his friend and Crazy Horse bandmate Danny Whitten. It previews the theme of the Tonight's the Night album that reflects Young's grief over the heroin overdose and death of both Whitten and Bruce Berry, a roadie for Young and Crazy Horse.", "title": "The Needle and the Damage Done" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jane's Addiction is an American rock band from Los Angeles, formed in 1985. The band consists of vocalist Perry Farrell, guitarist Dave Navarro, drummer Stephen Perkins and bassist Chris Chaney.", "title": "Jane's Addiction" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Steven Adler (born Michael Coletti; January 22, 1965) is an American musician. He is best known as the former drummer and co-songwriter of the hard rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he achieved worldwide success in the late 1980s. Adler was fired from Guns N' Roses over his heroin addiction in 1990, following which he reformed his old band Road Crew and briefly joined BulletBoys, which both proved unsuccessful. During the 2000s, Adler was the drummer of the band Adler's Appetite, and from 2012, he had held the same position in the band Adler. In early 2017, he declared that he has no intention to continue with the band and that the band has now dissolved, with the reason being his lack of interest in performing during poorly attended concerts. He appeared on the second and fifth seasons of the reality TV show \"Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew\", as well as on the first season of its spin-off \"Sober House\". He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012 as a member of Guns N' Roses.", "title": "Steven Adler" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Phillips became the winner, beating Sanchez. Prior to the announcement of the winner, season five finalist Ace Young proposed marriage to season three runner-up Diana DeGarmo on stage – which she accepted.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Impossible Motherhood (full title: Impossible Motherhood: Testimony of an Abortion Addict) is a memoir by Irene Vilar. It is the second memoir published by Vilar, the first being \"The Ladies’ Gallery\".", "title": "Impossible Motherhood" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Set in New York City, \"Thanks for Sharing\" centers around three people undergoing a 12-step process to recover from their sexual addiction.", "title": "Thanks for Sharing" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Through a Blue Lens is a Canadian documentary film produced by the National Film Board of Canada. The film follows interactions between police officers and drug addicts and documents the extreme poverty and suffering many addicts endure.", "title": "Through a Blue Lens" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Idol Gives Back is a special charity event started in season six featuring performances by celebrities and various fund-raising initiatives. This event was also held in seasons seven and nine and has raised nearly $185 million in total.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the live shows, a group of acts ranging from only a Top 20 (season two), to as many as 60, compete for viewers' and judges' votes. In the first season, the judges could not end an act's performance, but could either ``check ''or`` X'' the performance during their critique. Since season two (2007), judges have been able to end an act's performance early, and the ``check ''was removed. Generally, acts each perform first in a live round consisting of a series of quarterfinals. In seasons with YouTube auditions, the round of live judging of YouTube finalists takes place then, as part of these quarterfinals. Then there may be additional shows for`` Wild Card'' acts -- acts that one or more of the judges select to be given one more chance for audience vote despite previous elimination. From these shows, the existing group is narrowed through votes by the public and / or the judges (depending on the season). Acts then move on to a semifinal round, and even further rounds (such as a ``Top 8 ''or a`` Top 10'', depending on the season) through a series of weekly shows, which trim the number of acts down each time based on a public vote. In the majority of seasons, judges have had no vote from the semifinals. All these rounds culminate in a live final, which has consisted of anywhere from four to ten acts throughout the seasons. The act with the most votes is declared the winner, given $1 million, and, since season three (2008), a chance to headline a show on the Las Vegas Strip.", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Do n't Stop Believin '''was recorded by the cast of American television series, Glee. It is the first single released from the soundtrack of the series, Glee: The Music, Volume 1 and was performed on the first episode of the initial season,`` Pilot''. A portion of the song was performed again in the episode ``The Rhodes Not Taken ''. A second version was performed by the cast in the first season's finale episode,`` Journey to Regionals'', for the glee club's Regionals competition; it is included in the EP soundtrack, Glee: The Music, Journey to Regionals. A third version was performed by Lea Michele as Rachel Berry in the nineteenth episode of the fourth season of the show, ``Sweet Dreams ''; it was released as a single April 23, 2013. A fourth version was performed in the 2014 episode`` New Directions''. The Glee arrangement was adapted from Petra Haden's version. The ``Regionals Version ''earned a nomination for Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for the 2011 ceremony. A reprise of the Pilot version is featured in the 2015 episode`` 2009''.", "title": "Don't Stop Believin'" } ]	What season was the performer of Addicted a part of?	season five	[]	Title: Steven Adler Passage: Steven Adler (born Michael Coletti; January 22, 1965) is an American musician. He is best known as the former drummer and co-songwriter of the hard rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he achieved worldwide success in the late 1980s. Adler was fired from Guns N' Roses over his heroin addiction in 1990, following which he reformed his old band Road Crew and briefly joined BulletBoys, which both proved unsuccessful. During the 2000s, Adler was the drummer of the band Adler's Appetite, and from 2012, he had held the same position in the band Adler. In early 2017, he declared that he has no intention to continue with the band and that the band has now dissolved, with the reason being his lack of interest in performing during poorly attended concerts. He appeared on the second and fifth seasons of the reality TV show "Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew", as well as on the first season of its spin-off "Sober House". He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012 as a member of Guns N' Roses. Title: Jane's Addiction Passage: Jane's Addiction is an American rock band from Los Angeles, formed in 1985. The band consists of vocalist Perry Farrell, guitarist Dave Navarro, drummer Stephen Perkins and bassist Chris Chaney. Title: America's Got Talent Passage: During seasons one through six (2006 -- 11), the live shows were filmed at Stage 36 of CBS Television City in Los Angeles. In season seven (2012), the live shows were held at the New Jersey Performing Arts Center in Newark. From seasons eight through ten (2013 -- 15), live performances were held at Radio City Music Hall in New York. From season eleven (2016) onwards the live shows are being held at the Dolby Theatre. Title: Impossible Motherhood Passage: Impossible Motherhood (full title: Impossible Motherhood: Testimony of an Abortion Addict) is a memoir by Irene Vilar. It is the second memoir published by Vilar, the first being "The Ladies’ Gallery". Title: Thanks for Sharing Passage: Set in New York City, "Thanks for Sharing" centers around three people undergoing a 12-step process to recover from their sexual addiction. Title: Love Addict (Mika Nakashima song) Passage: "Love Addict" is the 7th single by Mika Nakashima. It peaked on the Oricon weekly charts at #5 and sold roughly 68,943 copies. Title: American Idol Passage: Idol Gives Back is a special charity event started in season six featuring performances by celebrities and various fund-raising initiatives. This event was also held in seasons seven and nine and has raised nearly $185 million in total. Title: Fire and Rain (song) Passage: ``Fire and Rain ''is a folk rock song written and performed by James Taylor. Released on Warner Bros. Records as a single from his second album, Sweet Baby James, in February 1970, the song follows Taylor's reaction to the suicide of Suzanne Schnerr, a childhood friend, and his experiences with drug addiction and fame. After its release,`` Fire and Rain'' peaked at number two on RPM's Canada Top Singles chart and at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. Title: The Needle and the Damage Done Passage: ``The Needle and the Damage Done ''is a song by Neil Young that describes the destruction caused by the heroin addiction of musicians he knew. Though not specifically about him, the song was inspired by the heroin addiction of his friend and Crazy Horse bandmate Danny Whitten. It previews the theme of the Tonight's the Night album that reflects Young's grief over the heroin overdose and death of both Whitten and Bruce Berry, a roadie for Young and Crazy Horse. Title: Through a Blue Lens Passage: Through a Blue Lens is a Canadian documentary film produced by the National Film Board of Canada. The film follows interactions between police officers and drug addicts and documents the extreme poverty and suffering many addicts endure. Title: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors Passage: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors is a peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Psychological Association that publishes original articles related to the psychological aspects of addictive behaviors 8 times a year. The current editor-in-chief is Nancy M. Petry (University of Connecticut School of Medicine). Title: American Idol Passage: American Idol has traditionally released studio recordings of contestants' performances as well as the winner's coronation single for sale. For the first five seasons, the recordings were released as a compilation album at the end of the season. All five of these albums reached the top ten in Billboard 200 which made then American Idol the most successful soundtrack franchise of any motion picture or television program. Starting late in season five, individual performances were released during the season as digital downloads, initially from the American Idol official website only. In season seven the live performances and studio recordings were made available during the season from iTunes when it joined as a sponsor. In Season ten the weekly studio recordings were also released as compilation digital album straight after performance night. Title: The Anatomy of Addiction Passage: The Anatomy of Addiction is the second and final studio album by the experimental rock band God, released on 5 May 1994 by Big Cat Records. Title: American Idol Passage: David Archuleta's performance of John Lennon's "Imagine" was considered by many as one of the best of the season. Jennifer Lopez, who was brought in as a judge in season ten, called it a beautiful song-moment that she will never forget. Jason Castro's semi-final performance of "Hallelujah" also received considerable attention, and it propelled Jeff Buckley's version of the song to the top of the Billboard digital song chart. This was the first season in which contestants' recordings were released onto iTunes after their performances, and although sales information was not released so as not to prejudice the contest, leaked information indicated that contestants' songs frequently reached the top of iTunes sales charts. Title: Addicted (Ace Young song) Passage: "Addicted" is Ace Young's second single, after his 2006 song "Scattered". "Addicted" is the first and only single from his self-titled 2008 CD. The song was written by Desmond Child and Andreas Carlsson, who was part of the team who wrote for the Backstreet Boys. It was produced by Desmond Child. Title: Trust No One (Dave Navarro album) Passage: Trust No One is the debut solo album by Jane's Addiction and former Red Hot Chili Peppers guitarist Dave Navarro, released on June 19, 2001 on Capitol. Title: Don't Stop Believin' Passage: ``Do n't Stop Believin '''was recorded by the cast of American television series, Glee. It is the first single released from the soundtrack of the series, Glee: The Music, Volume 1 and was performed on the first episode of the initial season,`` Pilot''. A portion of the song was performed again in the episode ``The Rhodes Not Taken ''. A second version was performed by the cast in the first season's finale episode,`` Journey to Regionals'', for the glee club's Regionals competition; it is included in the EP soundtrack, Glee: The Music, Journey to Regionals. A third version was performed by Lea Michele as Rachel Berry in the nineteenth episode of the fourth season of the show, ``Sweet Dreams ''; it was released as a single April 23, 2013. A fourth version was performed in the 2014 episode`` New Directions''. The Glee arrangement was adapted from Petra Haden's version. The ``Regionals Version ''earned a nomination for Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for the 2011 ceremony. A reprise of the Pilot version is featured in the 2015 episode`` 2009''. Title: America's Got Talent Passage: During the live shows, a group of acts ranging from only a Top 20 (season two), to as many as 60, compete for viewers' and judges' votes. In the first season, the judges could not end an act's performance, but could either ``check ''or`` X'' the performance during their critique. Since season two (2007), judges have been able to end an act's performance early, and the ``check ''was removed. Generally, acts each perform first in a live round consisting of a series of quarterfinals. In seasons with YouTube auditions, the round of live judging of YouTube finalists takes place then, as part of these quarterfinals. Then there may be additional shows for`` Wild Card'' acts -- acts that one or more of the judges select to be given one more chance for audience vote despite previous elimination. From these shows, the existing group is narrowed through votes by the public and / or the judges (depending on the season). Acts then move on to a semifinal round, and even further rounds (such as a ``Top 8 ''or a`` Top 10'', depending on the season) through a series of weekly shows, which trim the number of acts down each time based on a public vote. In the majority of seasons, judges have had no vote from the semifinals. All these rounds culminate in a live final, which has consisted of anywhere from four to ten acts throughout the seasons. The act with the most votes is declared the winner, given $1 million, and, since season three (2008), a chance to headline a show on the Las Vegas Strip. Title: American Idol Passage: Phillips became the winner, beating Sanchez. Prior to the announcement of the winner, season five finalist Ace Young proposed marriage to season three runner-up Diana DeGarmo on stage – which she accepted. Title: Alive and Schticking Passage: "Alive and Schticking" is the season premiere of the American television series "Will & Grace"s eighth season. It was written by Bill Wrubel and directed by series producer James Burrows. The episode was broadcast live on NBC in the United States on September 29, 2005, and was performed twice by the actors that evening for the East and West coasts. Alec Baldwin guest starred in "Alive and Schticking" and received an Emmy Award nomination for his performance.	[ "Addicted (Ace Young song)", "American Idol" ]
2hop__646573_83769	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowhood, Victoria spent the Christmas of 1900 at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. Rheumatism in her legs had rendered her lame, and her eyesight was clouded by cataracts. Through early January, she felt \"weak and unwell\", and by mid-January she was \"drowsy ... dazed, [and] confused\". She died on Tuesday, 22 January 1901, at half past six in the evening, at the age of 81. Her son and successor King Edward VII, and her eldest grandson, Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany, were at her deathbed. Her favourite pet Pomeranian, Turri, was laid upon her deathbed as a last request.", "title": "Queen Victoria" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "My School Daze (simplified Chinese: 书包太重) is a Singaporean Chinese drama which was telecasted on Singapore's free-to-air channel, Mediacorp Channel 8. It made its debut on 29 April 2009 and ended on 26 May 2009. This drama serial consists of 20 episodes, and was screened on every weekday night at 9:00 pm. It reflects the education system in Singapore.", "title": "My School Daze" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Todd E. Liebenstein (born January 9, 1960) is a former American football defensive end who played four seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins and started in Super Bowl XVIII. He played college football at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.", "title": "Todd Liebenstein" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dmitri Nikolayevich Smirnov (; born 9 November 1980 in Moscow) is a Russian footballer. He is not related to Dmitry Alexandrovich Smirnov with whom he played on the same team for several years for FC Torpedo-ZIL Moscow, Luch and Tom. To avoid confusion, he is usually referred to as Dmitri N. Smirnov.", "title": "Dmitri N. Smirnov (footballer)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Freshman Mitch Kramer (Wiley Wiggins) escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett (Esteban Powell), but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion (Ben Affleck), a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's (Shawn Andrews) parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectual trio of Cynthia Dunn (Marissa Ribisi), Tony Olson (Anthony Rapp), and Mike Newhouse (Adam Goldberg) decide to participate in the evening's activities. Pink and his friend David Wooderson (Matthew McConaughey), a man in his early 20s who still socializes with high school students, pick up Mitch and head for the Emporium, a pool hall frequented by teenagers.", "title": "Dazed and Confused (film)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nevada Power Company was a Las Vegas - based company that produced, distributed, and sold electricity in the southern part of the state of Nevada. In 2005, it had over 700,000 electric customers in parts of three Nevada counties -- a service area of more than 4,000 square miles (10,000 km). In 1998, Nevada Power merged with Nevada's other major utility, Sierra Pacific Resources. It continued as a subsidiary of Sierra Pacific until 2005, when the company changed its name to NV Energy.", "title": "Nevada Power Company" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Push Play is the third independent CD release for singer, songwriter and actress, Sara Niemietz. Produced by Emmy Award winner, W. G. Snuffy Walden and Sara Niemietz, \"Push Play\" is an EP consisting of six original songs.", "title": "Push Play (EP)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bryan Namoff (born May 28, 1979 in Carson City, Nevada) is a retired American soccer player who last played for D.C. United in Major League Soccer.", "title": "Bryan Namoff" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Created by Ben Affleck and Sean Bailey (co-producer of \"Project Greenlight\") and co-produced with Matt Damon and Chris Moore, \"Push, Nevada\" was unique in that it offered viewers a chance to follow along and solve the mystery of Push for a prize of $1,045,000. Each episode contained clues, from web addresses in the opening credits to specific phrases uttered by characters in the show, each having its own significance to the mystery.", "title": "Push, Nevada" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nevada Cancer Institute (NVCI), founded in 2002, was the official cancer institute for the state of Nevada from 2003 to 2013, located in Summerlin, Nevada. The Institute became part of UC San Diego Health in February, 2012.", "title": "Nevada Cancer Institute" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sadie Plant left the University of Warwick in 1997 to write full-time. She published a cultural history of drug use and control, and a report on the social effects of mobile phones, as well as articles in publications as varied as the \"Financial Times\", \"Wired\", \"Blueprint\", and \"Dazed and Confused\". She published the book Z\"eros + Ones\" in 1997, in which she reveals how women's role in programming have been overlooked. She was interviewed as one of the 'People to Watch' in the Winter 2000–2001 issue of \"Time\".", "title": "Sadie Plant" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ivanpah Valley is in southeastern California and southern Nevada in the United States. The valley is between the New York Mountains and the Ivanpah Mountains in San Bernardino County on the California side, and in Clark County on the Nevada side. The communities of Cima, California; Nipton, California; Jean, Nevada; and Primm, Nevada are in the valley. The Ivanpah Dry Lake, a popular place for land sailing, and the site of the proposed Ivanpah Valley Airport also lie in the valley.", "title": "Ivanpah Valley" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The College of Southern Nevada (CSN) is a public community college in Clark County, Nevada. The college has more than 2,500 teaching and non teaching staff and is the largest public college or university in Nevada. It is part of the Nevada System of Higher Education.", "title": "College of Southern Nevada" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marilyn Dondero Loop (born 1951, in Las Vegas, Nevada) is an American politician and a Democratic member of the Nevada Senate since November 2018, representing District 8. She was previously a member of the Nevada Assembly from 2008 to 2014, representing District 5.", "title": "Marilyn Dondero Loop" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Matthew McConaughey (; born November 4, 1969) is an American actor and producer. He first gained notice for his supporting performance in the coming-of-age comedy Dazed and Confused (1993), which is considered by many to be the actor's breakout role . After a number of supporting roles in films including Angels in the Outfield and Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (1994), McConaughey's breakthrough performance as a leading man came in the legal drama A Time to Kill (1996). He followed this with leading performances in the science fiction film Contact and the historical drama Amistad (1997), the comedy-drama The Newton Boys (1998), the satire EDtv (1999), the war drama U-571 (2000) and the psychological thriller Frailty (2001).", "title": "Matthew McConaughey" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dock Brief (US title Trial and Error) is a 1962 black-and-white British legal satire directed by James Hill, starring Peter Sellers and Richard Attenborough, and based on the play of the same name written by John Mortimer (creator of Horace Rumpole).", "title": "The Dock Brief" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Push, Nevada is an American mystery television series set in the fictional town of Push, Nevada. It premiered on September 17, 2002 on ABC, and ran for 7 episodes before it became one of the first shows to be canceled during the Fall 2002 season.", "title": "Push, Nevada" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nevada ( , unlike the state of Nevada) is a city in Collin County, Texas, United States. The population was 822 at the 2010 census. First settled in 1835 by John McMinn Stambaugh and named \"McMinn Chapel\", the area was settled by Granville Stinebaugh, who named it after the Nevada Territory. Nevada enjoyed some prosperity after becoming a stop on the St. Louis Southwestern Railway, and the town incorporated in 1889.", "title": "Nevada, Texas" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christin Hinojosa (married name Kirschenbaum; born October 3, 1975) is an American actress best known for her role as Sabrina in \"Dazed and Confused\". After a few other small roles in films and on television, Hinojosa left acting in the late 1990s and became an anti-war activist. In 2004, as a member of the American Friends Service Committee, she was the first coordinator of the Eyes Wide Open installation in Chicago. She currently works as Director of Communications for Solidarity Bridge, a Christian medical charity focused on Latin America.", "title": "Christin Hinojosa" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yerington High School is a public high school in Yerington, Nevada, United States, a town southeast of Carson City, Nevada and east of South Lake Tahoe, California.", "title": "Yerington High School" } ]	Who did the creator of Push, Nevada play in Dazed and Confused?	Fred O'Bannion	[]	Title: Todd Liebenstein Passage: Todd E. Liebenstein (born January 9, 1960) is a former American football defensive end who played four seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins and started in Super Bowl XVIII. He played college football at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Title: Marilyn Dondero Loop Passage: Marilyn Dondero Loop (born 1951, in Las Vegas, Nevada) is an American politician and a Democratic member of the Nevada Senate since November 2018, representing District 8. She was previously a member of the Nevada Assembly from 2008 to 2014, representing District 5. Title: Queen Victoria Passage: Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowhood, Victoria spent the Christmas of 1900 at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. Rheumatism in her legs had rendered her lame, and her eyesight was clouded by cataracts. Through early January, she felt "weak and unwell", and by mid-January she was "drowsy ... dazed, [and] confused". She died on Tuesday, 22 January 1901, at half past six in the evening, at the age of 81. Her son and successor King Edward VII, and her eldest grandson, Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany, were at her deathbed. Her favourite pet Pomeranian, Turri, was laid upon her deathbed as a last request. Title: Push, Nevada Passage: Push, Nevada is an American mystery television series set in the fictional town of Push, Nevada. It premiered on September 17, 2002 on ABC, and ran for 7 episodes before it became one of the first shows to be canceled during the Fall 2002 season. Title: My School Daze Passage: My School Daze (simplified Chinese: 书包太重) is a Singaporean Chinese drama which was telecasted on Singapore's free-to-air channel, Mediacorp Channel 8. It made its debut on 29 April 2009 and ended on 26 May 2009. This drama serial consists of 20 episodes, and was screened on every weekday night at 9:00 pm. It reflects the education system in Singapore. Title: Bryan Namoff Passage: Bryan Namoff (born May 28, 1979 in Carson City, Nevada) is a retired American soccer player who last played for D.C. United in Major League Soccer. Title: Push, Nevada Passage: Created by Ben Affleck and Sean Bailey (co-producer of "Project Greenlight") and co-produced with Matt Damon and Chris Moore, "Push, Nevada" was unique in that it offered viewers a chance to follow along and solve the mystery of Push for a prize of $1,045,000. Each episode contained clues, from web addresses in the opening credits to specific phrases uttered by characters in the show, each having its own significance to the mystery. Title: Ivanpah Valley Passage: The Ivanpah Valley is in southeastern California and southern Nevada in the United States. The valley is between the New York Mountains and the Ivanpah Mountains in San Bernardino County on the California side, and in Clark County on the Nevada side. The communities of Cima, California; Nipton, California; Jean, Nevada; and Primm, Nevada are in the valley. The Ivanpah Dry Lake, a popular place for land sailing, and the site of the proposed Ivanpah Valley Airport also lie in the valley. Title: Christin Hinojosa Passage: Christin Hinojosa (married name Kirschenbaum; born October 3, 1975) is an American actress best known for her role as Sabrina in "Dazed and Confused". After a few other small roles in films and on television, Hinojosa left acting in the late 1990s and became an anti-war activist. In 2004, as a member of the American Friends Service Committee, she was the first coordinator of the Eyes Wide Open installation in Chicago. She currently works as Director of Communications for Solidarity Bridge, a Christian medical charity focused on Latin America. Title: Nevada Cancer Institute Passage: Nevada Cancer Institute (NVCI), founded in 2002, was the official cancer institute for the state of Nevada from 2003 to 2013, located in Summerlin, Nevada. The Institute became part of UC San Diego Health in February, 2012. Title: College of Southern Nevada Passage: The College of Southern Nevada (CSN) is a public community college in Clark County, Nevada. The college has more than 2,500 teaching and non teaching staff and is the largest public college or university in Nevada. It is part of the Nevada System of Higher Education. Title: The Dock Brief Passage: The Dock Brief (US title Trial and Error) is a 1962 black-and-white British legal satire directed by James Hill, starring Peter Sellers and Richard Attenborough, and based on the play of the same name written by John Mortimer (creator of Horace Rumpole). Title: Dazed and Confused (film) Passage: Freshman Mitch Kramer (Wiley Wiggins) escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett (Esteban Powell), but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion (Ben Affleck), a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's (Shawn Andrews) parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectual trio of Cynthia Dunn (Marissa Ribisi), Tony Olson (Anthony Rapp), and Mike Newhouse (Adam Goldberg) decide to participate in the evening's activities. Pink and his friend David Wooderson (Matthew McConaughey), a man in his early 20s who still socializes with high school students, pick up Mitch and head for the Emporium, a pool hall frequented by teenagers. Title: Push Play (EP) Passage: Push Play is the third independent CD release for singer, songwriter and actress, Sara Niemietz. Produced by Emmy Award winner, W. G. Snuffy Walden and Sara Niemietz, "Push Play" is an EP consisting of six original songs. Title: Nevada Power Company Passage: Nevada Power Company was a Las Vegas - based company that produced, distributed, and sold electricity in the southern part of the state of Nevada. In 2005, it had over 700,000 electric customers in parts of three Nevada counties -- a service area of more than 4,000 square miles (10,000 km). In 1998, Nevada Power merged with Nevada's other major utility, Sierra Pacific Resources. It continued as a subsidiary of Sierra Pacific until 2005, when the company changed its name to NV Energy. Title: Dmitri N. Smirnov (footballer) Passage: Dmitri Nikolayevich Smirnov (; born 9 November 1980 in Moscow) is a Russian footballer. He is not related to Dmitry Alexandrovich Smirnov with whom he played on the same team for several years for FC Torpedo-ZIL Moscow, Luch and Tom. To avoid confusion, he is usually referred to as Dmitri N. Smirnov. Title: Sadie Plant Passage: Sadie Plant left the University of Warwick in 1997 to write full-time. She published a cultural history of drug use and control, and a report on the social effects of mobile phones, as well as articles in publications as varied as the "Financial Times", "Wired", "Blueprint", and "Dazed and Confused". She published the book Z"eros + Ones" in 1997, in which she reveals how women's role in programming have been overlooked. She was interviewed as one of the 'People to Watch' in the Winter 2000–2001 issue of "Time". Title: Matthew McConaughey Passage: Matthew McConaughey (; born November 4, 1969) is an American actor and producer. He first gained notice for his supporting performance in the coming-of-age comedy Dazed and Confused (1993), which is considered by many to be the actor's breakout role . After a number of supporting roles in films including Angels in the Outfield and Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (1994), McConaughey's breakthrough performance as a leading man came in the legal drama A Time to Kill (1996). He followed this with leading performances in the science fiction film Contact and the historical drama Amistad (1997), the comedy-drama The Newton Boys (1998), the satire EDtv (1999), the war drama U-571 (2000) and the psychological thriller Frailty (2001). Title: Yerington High School Passage: Yerington High School is a public high school in Yerington, Nevada, United States, a town southeast of Carson City, Nevada and east of South Lake Tahoe, California. Title: Nevada, Texas Passage: Nevada ( , unlike the state of Nevada) is a city in Collin County, Texas, United States. The population was 822 at the 2010 census. First settled in 1835 by John McMinn Stambaugh and named "McMinn Chapel", the area was settled by Granville Stinebaugh, who named it after the Nevada Territory. Nevada enjoyed some prosperity after becoming a stop on the St. Louis Southwestern Railway, and the town incorporated in 1889.	[ "Dazed and Confused (film)", "Push, Nevada" ]
2hop__315267_277284	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level.", "title": "List of territorial entities where English is an official language" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "title": "Tumaraa" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "title": "Pangi Territory" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma.", "title": "Texas–Indian wars" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the end of World War II the educational gap between White and Black Americans was widened by Dwight D. Eisenhower's GI Bill. This piece of legislation paved the way for white GIs to attend college. Despite their veteran status returning black servicemen were not afforded loans at the same rate as whites. Furthermore, at the time of its introduction, segregation was still the law of the land barring blacks from the best institutions. Overall, \"Nearly 8 million servicemen and servicewomen were educated under the provisions of the GI Bill after World War II. But for blacks, higher educational opportunities were so few that the promise of the GI Bill went largely unfulfilled.\"", "title": "Affirmative action in the United States" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kevin S. Huffman (born September 22, 1970) is an American lawyer and education administrator who was the Commissioner of the Tennessee Department of Education. He was appointed to the position by Tennessee Governor Bill Haslam and served from April 2011 to January 2015. Prior to his work at the Tennessee Department of Education, Huffman held a senior management position in Teach for America and had worked as an attorney specializing in education.", "title": "Kevin S. Huffman" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population.", "title": "Krasnovishersky District" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "title": "Minsk Region" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "title": "Australia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Notable ministers of education in the past have included Bill Davis, Dr. Bette Stephenson, Sean Conway, Liz Sandals and Kathleen Wynne. The current Minister of Education is Lisa Thompson.", "title": "Ministry of Education (Ontario)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list.", "title": "Taputapuatea" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town.", "title": "Saulkrasti Municipality" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The year 1932 was later referred to as the ``annus mirabilis ''for nuclear physics in the Cavendish Laboratory, with discoveries of the neutron, artificial nuclear disintegration by the Cockcroft -- Walton particle accelerator, and the positron.", "title": "Discovery of the neutron" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was renamed the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in 1979, when its education functions were transferred to the newly created United States Department of Education under the Department of Education Organization Act. HHS was left in charge of the Social Security Administration, agencies constituting the Public Health Service, and Family Support Administration.", "title": "United States Department of Health and Human Services" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Judd School (often known simply as Judd) is a voluntary aided grammar school in Tonbridge, Kent, England. It was established in 1888 at Stafford House on East Street in Tonbridge, where it remained for eight years before moving to its present location on Brook Street, in the south of the town. Founded by the Skinners Company, it was named after 16th century merchant Sir Andrew Judde, whose endowment helped fund the school. The Skinners' Company maintains close links with the school and makes up the majority of the governing body.", "title": "The Judd School" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Herman Lee Donovan (March 17, 1887 – November 21, 1964) was an American educator and college administrator who served as the fourth president of the University of Kentucky (UK) from 1941 to 1956. During this period, the University of Kentucky faced many challenges including the desegregation of both the graduate and undergraduate divisions, an influx of veterans as a result of the G.I. Bill, and political interference from legislators in Frankfort.", "title": "Herman Lee Donovan" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cockcroft graduated from The Judd School in 1965, and the University of South Bank in 1970, majoring in Quantity Surveying.", "title": "Bill Cockcroft" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "title": "States of Nigeria" } ]	What administrative territorial entity includes the place where Bill Cockcroft was educated?	Tonbridge, Kent	[ "Kent", "Tonbridge" ]	Title: Tumaraa Passage: Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea. Title: Federalism Passage: Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a "little constitution", called "organic law" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly. Title: Bill Cockcroft Passage: Cockcroft graduated from The Judd School in 1965, and the University of South Bank in 1970, majoring in Quantity Surveying. Title: Cyprus Popular Bank Passage: Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group. Title: Ministry of Education (Ontario) Passage: Notable ministers of education in the past have included Bill Davis, Dr. Bette Stephenson, Sean Conway, Liz Sandals and Kathleen Wynne. The current Minister of Education is Lisa Thompson. Title: States of Nigeria Passage: A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments. Title: The Judd School Passage: The Judd School (often known simply as Judd) is a voluntary aided grammar school in Tonbridge, Kent, England. It was established in 1888 at Stafford House on East Street in Tonbridge, where it remained for eight years before moving to its present location on Brook Street, in the south of the town. Founded by the Skinners Company, it was named after 16th century merchant Sir Andrew Judde, whose endowment helped fund the school. The Skinners' Company maintains close links with the school and makes up the majority of the governing body. Title: Herman Lee Donovan Passage: Herman Lee Donovan (March 17, 1887 – November 21, 1964) was an American educator and college administrator who served as the fourth president of the University of Kentucky (UK) from 1941 to 1956. During this period, the University of Kentucky faced many challenges including the desegregation of both the graduate and undergraduate divisions, an influx of veterans as a result of the G.I. Bill, and political interference from legislators in Frankfort. Title: Affirmative action in the United States Passage: Following the end of World War II the educational gap between White and Black Americans was widened by Dwight D. Eisenhower's GI Bill. This piece of legislation paved the way for white GIs to attend college. Despite their veteran status returning black servicemen were not afforded loans at the same rate as whites. Furthermore, at the time of its introduction, segregation was still the law of the land barring blacks from the best institutions. Overall, "Nearly 8 million servicemen and servicewomen were educated under the provisions of the GI Bill after World War II. But for blacks, higher educational opportunities were so few that the promise of the GI Bill went largely unfulfilled." Title: United States Department of Health and Human Services Passage: The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was renamed the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in 1979, when its education functions were transferred to the newly created United States Department of Education under the Department of Education Organization Act. HHS was left in charge of the Social Security Administration, agencies constituting the Public Health Service, and Family Support Administration. Title: Pangi Territory Passage: Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi. Title: List of territorial entities where English is an official language Passage: The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level. Title: Saulkrasti Municipality Passage: Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town. Title: Krasnovishersky District Passage: Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population. Title: Australia Passage: Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales. Title: Taputapuatea Passage: Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list. Title: Texas–Indian wars Passage: Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma. Title: Kevin S. Huffman Passage: Kevin S. Huffman (born September 22, 1970) is an American lawyer and education administrator who was the Commissioner of the Tennessee Department of Education. He was appointed to the position by Tennessee Governor Bill Haslam and served from April 2011 to January 2015. Prior to his work at the Tennessee Department of Education, Huffman held a senior management position in Teach for America and had worked as an attorney specializing in education. Title: Minsk Region Passage: Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, "Minskaja vobłasć" ; , "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500. Title: Discovery of the neutron Passage: The year 1932 was later referred to as the ``annus mirabilis ''for nuclear physics in the Cavendish Laboratory, with discoveries of the neutron, artificial nuclear disintegration by the Cockcroft -- Walton particle accelerator, and the positron.	[ "The Judd School", "Bill Cockcroft" ]
2hop__748615_123956	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rubai Ali's NF joined with other parties in 1975, creating the United Political Organisation NF (التنظيم السياسي الموحد الجبهة القومية), all rival parties were outlawed earlier. He opposed the idea of the Yemeni Socialist Party's (YSP) future creation promoted by Abdul Fattah Ismail. He appointed Muhammad Ali Haitham as his Prime Minister when he became Chairman. Haitham served until August 1971, when he was replaced by Ali Nasir Muhammad. In 1978, Ali Nasir Muhammad overthrew and executed Rubai Ali, after a short battle which took place in Almodowar Palace, located in At-Tawahi, Aden, which Rubai Ali used as a fortification.", "title": "Salim Rubai Ali" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his \"Method for the mandolin\" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period.", "title": "Giovanni Cifolelli" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Leuven was a battle of the Ten Days' Campaign during the Belgian Revolution. The battle took place on 12 August and officially ended on 13 August 1831. The Dutch army defeated the Belgian rebels, but were forced to withdraw in order to avoid war with France, as a large French army under Maréchal Gérard had crossed the border to support the Belgian rebels. They concluded a truce with the Belgians, allowing them to take the city for a few hours on 13 August.", "title": "Battle of Leuven (1831)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Battle of Badr Part of the Muslim - Quraish Wars Scene from Siyer - i Nebi, Hamza and Ali leading the Muslim armies at Badr. The writing is Ottoman Naskh. Date 13 March 624 CE / 17 Ramadan, 2 AH Location At the wells of Badr, 70 mi (110 km) southwest of Medina Result Decisive Muslim victory Belligerents Muslims of Medina Quraish of Mecca Commanders and leaders Muhammad Hamza ibn Abd al - Muttalib Ali ibn Abi Talib Abu - Bakr Umar ibn Al - Khattab Abu Jahl ⱶ Utba ibn Rabi'ah ⱶ Umayyah ibn Khalaf ⱶ Hind al - Hunnud Strength 313 infantry and cavalry: 2 horses and 70 camels 950 infantry and cavalry: 100 horses and 170 camels Casualties and losses 14 killed 70 killed, 70 prisoners", "title": "Battle of Badr" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Savenay took place on 23 December 1793, and marks the end of the Virée de Galerne operational phase of the first war in the Vendée after the French Revolution. A Republican force of approximately 18,000 decisively defeated the Armée Catholique et Royale force of 6,000 at Savenay.", "title": "Battle of Savenay" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Palembang was a battle of the Pacific theatre of World War II. It occurred near Palembang, on Sumatra, on 13–15 February 1942. The Royal Dutch Shell oil refineries at nearby Pladju (or Pladjoe) were the major objectives for the Empire of Japan in the Pacific War, because of an oil embargo imposed on Japan by the United States, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. With the area's abundant fuel supply and airfield, Palembang offered significant potential as a military base to both the Allies and the Japanese.", "title": "Battle of Palembang" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rue d'Austerlitz is a street in the 4th arrondissement of Lyon, in La Croix-Rousse quarter. It begins on the rue du Mail, at the corner of Place de la Croix-Rousse, crosses the rue du Pavilion, the rue de Belfort and the rue Aimé Boussange, and ends on Place Bellevue. Its name refers to the Battle of Austerlitz, one of the greatest victories of Napoleon. There are metro and velo'v stations.", "title": "Rue d'Austerlitz" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Río Salado, also known as the Battle of Tarifa (30 October 1340) was a battle of the armies of King Afonso IV of Portugal and King Alfonso XI of Castile against those of sultan Abu al-Hasan 'Ali of the Marinid dynasty and Yusuf I of Granada.", "title": "Battle of Río Salado" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of New Orleans was fought on Sunday, January 8, 1815, between the British Army under Major General Sir Edward Pakenham, and the United States Army under Brevet Major General Andrew Jackson. It took place approximately 5 miles (8.0 kilometres) south of the city of New Orleans, close to the present - day town of Chalmette, Louisiana, and was an American victory. The battle effectively marked the end of the War of 1812.", "title": "Battle of New Orleans" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Gnila Lipa took place early in the World War I on 29–30 August 1914, when the Imperial Russian Army invaded Galicia and engaged the defending Austro-Hungarian Army. It was part of a larger series of battles known collectively as the Battle of Galicia. The battle ended in a defeat of the Austro-Hungarian forces.", "title": "Battle of Gnila Lipa" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "H. Marzuki Alie, Ph.D (Jawi: مرزوقي علي ; born in Palembang, South Sumatera on 6 November 1955) is the speaker of the People's Representative Council, 2009-2014 term, as a member of the Partai Demokrat. Marzuki Alie also served as Secretary General of Partai Demokrat, the party formed by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.", "title": "Marzuki Alie" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Puebla (Spanish: Batalla de Puebla; French: Bataille de Puebla) took place on 5 May 1862, near Puebla City during the Second French intervention in Mexico. The battle ended in a victory for the Mexican Army over the occupying French soldiers. The French eventually overran the Mexicans in subsequent battles, but the Mexican victory at Puebla against a much better equipped and larger French army provided a significant morale boost to the Mexican army and also helped slow the French army's advance towards Mexico City.", "title": "Battle of Puebla" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hatef Esfahani was born in Isfahan (Esfahan), a central province of Iran, and most likely he died there in 1783. (Some documents also indicate that he died in 1777). Hatef's date of birth is unknown. He was contemporary to at least seven rulers of Iran, namely Shah Rukh of Persia (ruled 1748–1796), Karim Khan Zand (r. 1760–1779), Abolfath Khan, Mohammad Ali Khan, Sadiq Khan Zand, and Ali Murad Khan (all from Zand dynasty who ruled 1779–1785), and Agha Mohammad Khan, the founder of Qajar dynasty (r. 1781–1797). He studied mathematics, medicine, philosophy, literature, and foreign languages (Turkish and Arabic). He had a son and a daughter. His daughter, named Beygom, married poet Mirza Ali Akbar Naziri.", "title": "Hatef Esfahani" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yang Meng was the third son of Yang Xingmi, a major warlord at the end of Tang Dynasty as the military governor (\"Jiedushi\") of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu). It is not known when he was born, although his immediately older brother Yang Longyan was born in 897 and his immediately younger brother Yang Pu was born in 900, placing a timeframe on his birth date. His mother's name was not recorded in history.", "title": "Yang Meng" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ali was born inside the sacred sanctuary of the Kaaba in Mecca, the holiest place in Islam, to Abu Talib and Fatimah bint Asad. He was the first male who accepted Islam, and, according to some authors, the first Muslim. Ali protected Muhammad from an early age and took part in almost all the battles fought by the nascent Muslim community. After migrating to Medina, he married Muhammad's daughter Fatimah. He was appointed caliph by Muhammad's companions in 656, after Caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated. Ali's reign saw civil wars and in 661, he was attacked and assassinated by a Kharijite while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa, being martyred two days later.Ali is important to both Shias and Sunnis, politically and spiritually. The numerous biographical sources about Ali are often biased according to sectarian lines, but they agree that he was a pious Muslim, devoted to the cause of Islam and a just ruler in accordance with the Qur'an and the Sunnah. While Sunnis consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun (rightly guided) caliphs, Shia Muslims regard Ali as the first Imam after Muhammad due to their interpretation of the events at Ghadir Khumm. Shia Muslims also believe that Ali and the other Shia Imams (all of whom are from the Ahl al-Bayt, Muhammad's household) are the rightful successors to Muhammad. Ali has also received recognition from a variety of non-Muslim organizations, such as the United Nations and the World Organization for Human Rights, for his governance and social justice.", "title": "Ali" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clara Morris (March 17, 1849 – November 20, 1925) (her birth date is sometimes given as 1846/48) was an American actress.", "title": "Clara Morris" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Manila Bay took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish -- American War. The American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey engaged and destroyed the Spanish Pacific Squadron under Contraalmirante (Rear admiral) Patricio Montojo. The battle took place in Manila Bay in the Philippines, and was the first major engagement of the Spanish -- American War. The battle was one of the most decisive naval battles in history and marked the end of the Spanish colonial period in Philippine history.", "title": "Battle of Manila Bay" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following this battle, Ali fought a battle against Muawiyah, known as the Battle of Siffin. The battle was stopped before either side had achieved victory, and the two parties agreed to arbitrate their dispute. After the battle Amr ibn al-As was appointed by Muawiyah as an arbitrator, and Ali appointed Abu Musa Ashaari. Seven months later, in February 658, the two arbitrators met at Adhruh, about 10 miles north west of Maan in Jordon. Amr ibn al-As convinced Abu Musa Ashaari that both Ali and Muawiyah should step down and a new Caliph be elected. Ali and his supporters were stunned by the decision which had lowered the Caliph to the status of the rebellious Muawiyah I. Ali was therefore outwitted by Muawiyah and Amr. Ali refused to accept the verdict and found himself technically in breach of his pledge to abide by the arbitration. This put Ali in a weak position even amongst his own supporters. The most vociferous opponents in Ali's camp were the very same people who had forced Ali into the ceasefire. They broke away from Ali's force, rallying under the slogan, \"arbitration belongs to God alone.\" This group came to be known as the Kharijites (\"those who leave\"). In 659 Ali's forces and the Kharijites met in the Battle of Nahrawan. Although Ali won the battle, the constant conflict had begun to affect his standing, and in the following years some Syrians seem to have acclaimed Muawiyah as a rival caliph.", "title": "Umayyad Caliphate" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. Historians have variously proposed Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BC, Caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 BC, and the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. However, most use the same date as did the ancient Romans themselves, the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic.", "title": "Roman Republic" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Conflicts over Uthman's policies led to his murder in 656. Ali, the cousin and son - in - law of Muhammad, became caliph and moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. He soon met with resistance from several factions, especially from Muawiyah, the governor of Syria, who wanted Uthman's murderers arrested. Muhammad's wife, Aisha, and two companions of Muhammad, Talhah and Al - Zubayr, supported this demand. The conflict resulted in the First Fitna (``civil war '') from 656 until 661. Ali was victorious against Aisha in the Battle of the Camel in 656 but the Battle of Siffin (July 657) against Muawiyah was inconclusive. Ali's position als Caliph was weakened when he first agreed to an arbitration but then refused to accept the verdict, that both Ali and Muawiyah should step down and a new Caliph be chosen. In 661, the most vociferous opponents of the arbitration, the Kharijites, tried to kill both rivals; while Ali was killed, the attempt on Muawiyah failed. Ali's son Hasan (the second Imam for the Shias), accepted Muawiyah as Caliph on the condition that he be just to the people and keep them safe and secure, and that he not establish a dynasty to rule after his death. In spite of the latter condition, this marked the beginning of the Umayyad dynasty, with its capital in Damascus.", "title": "Umayyad Caliphate" } ]	On what date did Battle of the birth place of Marzuki Alie end?	15 February 1942	[]	Title: Hatef Esfahani Passage: Hatef Esfahani was born in Isfahan (Esfahan), a central province of Iran, and most likely he died there in 1783. (Some documents also indicate that he died in 1777). Hatef's date of birth is unknown. He was contemporary to at least seven rulers of Iran, namely Shah Rukh of Persia (ruled 1748–1796), Karim Khan Zand (r. 1760–1779), Abolfath Khan, Mohammad Ali Khan, Sadiq Khan Zand, and Ali Murad Khan (all from Zand dynasty who ruled 1779–1785), and Agha Mohammad Khan, the founder of Qajar dynasty (r. 1781–1797). He studied mathematics, medicine, philosophy, literature, and foreign languages (Turkish and Arabic). He had a son and a daughter. His daughter, named Beygom, married poet Mirza Ali Akbar Naziri. Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: Following this battle, Ali fought a battle against Muawiyah, known as the Battle of Siffin. The battle was stopped before either side had achieved victory, and the two parties agreed to arbitrate their dispute. After the battle Amr ibn al-As was appointed by Muawiyah as an arbitrator, and Ali appointed Abu Musa Ashaari. Seven months later, in February 658, the two arbitrators met at Adhruh, about 10 miles north west of Maan in Jordon. Amr ibn al-As convinced Abu Musa Ashaari that both Ali and Muawiyah should step down and a new Caliph be elected. Ali and his supporters were stunned by the decision which had lowered the Caliph to the status of the rebellious Muawiyah I. Ali was therefore outwitted by Muawiyah and Amr. Ali refused to accept the verdict and found himself technically in breach of his pledge to abide by the arbitration. This put Ali in a weak position even amongst his own supporters. The most vociferous opponents in Ali's camp were the very same people who had forced Ali into the ceasefire. They broke away from Ali's force, rallying under the slogan, "arbitration belongs to God alone." This group came to be known as the Kharijites ("those who leave"). In 659 Ali's forces and the Kharijites met in the Battle of Nahrawan. Although Ali won the battle, the constant conflict had begun to affect his standing, and in the following years some Syrians seem to have acclaimed Muawiyah as a rival caliph. Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: Conflicts over Uthman's policies led to his murder in 656. Ali, the cousin and son - in - law of Muhammad, became caliph and moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. He soon met with resistance from several factions, especially from Muawiyah, the governor of Syria, who wanted Uthman's murderers arrested. Muhammad's wife, Aisha, and two companions of Muhammad, Talhah and Al - Zubayr, supported this demand. The conflict resulted in the First Fitna (``civil war '') from 656 until 661. Ali was victorious against Aisha in the Battle of the Camel in 656 but the Battle of Siffin (July 657) against Muawiyah was inconclusive. Ali's position als Caliph was weakened when he first agreed to an arbitration but then refused to accept the verdict, that both Ali and Muawiyah should step down and a new Caliph be chosen. In 661, the most vociferous opponents of the arbitration, the Kharijites, tried to kill both rivals; while Ali was killed, the attempt on Muawiyah failed. Ali's son Hasan (the second Imam for the Shias), accepted Muawiyah as Caliph on the condition that he be just to the people and keep them safe and secure, and that he not establish a dynasty to rule after his death. In spite of the latter condition, this marked the beginning of the Umayyad dynasty, with its capital in Damascus. Title: Yang Meng Passage: Yang Meng was the third son of Yang Xingmi, a major warlord at the end of Tang Dynasty as the military governor ("Jiedushi") of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu). It is not known when he was born, although his immediately older brother Yang Longyan was born in 897 and his immediately younger brother Yang Pu was born in 900, placing a timeframe on his birth date. His mother's name was not recorded in history. Title: Salim Rubai Ali Passage: Rubai Ali's NF joined with other parties in 1975, creating the United Political Organisation NF (التنظيم السياسي الموحد الجبهة القومية), all rival parties were outlawed earlier. He opposed the idea of the Yemeni Socialist Party's (YSP) future creation promoted by Abdul Fattah Ismail. He appointed Muhammad Ali Haitham as his Prime Minister when he became Chairman. Haitham served until August 1971, when he was replaced by Ali Nasir Muhammad. In 1978, Ali Nasir Muhammad overthrew and executed Rubai Ali, after a short battle which took place in Almodowar Palace, located in At-Tawahi, Aden, which Rubai Ali used as a fortification. Title: Battle of New Orleans Passage: The Battle of New Orleans was fought on Sunday, January 8, 1815, between the British Army under Major General Sir Edward Pakenham, and the United States Army under Brevet Major General Andrew Jackson. It took place approximately 5 miles (8.0 kilometres) south of the city of New Orleans, close to the present - day town of Chalmette, Louisiana, and was an American victory. The battle effectively marked the end of the War of 1812. Title: Battle of Río Salado Passage: The Battle of Río Salado, also known as the Battle of Tarifa (30 October 1340) was a battle of the armies of King Afonso IV of Portugal and King Alfonso XI of Castile against those of sultan Abu al-Hasan 'Ali of the Marinid dynasty and Yusuf I of Granada. Title: Roman Republic Passage: The exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. Historians have variously proposed Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BC, Caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 BC, and the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. However, most use the same date as did the ancient Romans themselves, the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic. Title: Battle of Leuven (1831) Passage: The Battle of Leuven was a battle of the Ten Days' Campaign during the Belgian Revolution. The battle took place on 12 August and officially ended on 13 August 1831. The Dutch army defeated the Belgian rebels, but were forced to withdraw in order to avoid war with France, as a large French army under Maréchal Gérard had crossed the border to support the Belgian rebels. They concluded a truce with the Belgians, allowing them to take the city for a few hours on 13 August. Title: Rue d'Austerlitz Passage: The Rue d'Austerlitz is a street in the 4th arrondissement of Lyon, in La Croix-Rousse quarter. It begins on the rue du Mail, at the corner of Place de la Croix-Rousse, crosses the rue du Pavilion, the rue de Belfort and the rue Aimé Boussange, and ends on Place Bellevue. Its name refers to the Battle of Austerlitz, one of the greatest victories of Napoleon. There are metro and velo'v stations. Title: Battle of Puebla Passage: The Battle of Puebla (Spanish: Batalla de Puebla; French: Bataille de Puebla) took place on 5 May 1862, near Puebla City during the Second French intervention in Mexico. The battle ended in a victory for the Mexican Army over the occupying French soldiers. The French eventually overran the Mexicans in subsequent battles, but the Mexican victory at Puebla against a much better equipped and larger French army provided a significant morale boost to the Mexican army and also helped slow the French army's advance towards Mexico City. Title: Marzuki Alie Passage: H. Marzuki Alie, Ph.D (Jawi: مرزوقي علي ; born in Palembang, South Sumatera on 6 November 1955) is the speaker of the People's Representative Council, 2009-2014 term, as a member of the Partai Demokrat. Marzuki Alie also served as Secretary General of Partai Demokrat, the party formed by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Title: Battle of Gnila Lipa Passage: The Battle of Gnila Lipa took place early in the World War I on 29–30 August 1914, when the Imperial Russian Army invaded Galicia and engaged the defending Austro-Hungarian Army. It was part of a larger series of battles known collectively as the Battle of Galicia. The battle ended in a defeat of the Austro-Hungarian forces. Title: Battle of Badr Passage: Battle of Badr Part of the Muslim - Quraish Wars Scene from Siyer - i Nebi, Hamza and Ali leading the Muslim armies at Badr. The writing is Ottoman Naskh. Date 13 March 624 CE / 17 Ramadan, 2 AH Location At the wells of Badr, 70 mi (110 km) southwest of Medina Result Decisive Muslim victory Belligerents Muslims of Medina Quraish of Mecca Commanders and leaders Muhammad Hamza ibn Abd al - Muttalib Ali ibn Abi Talib Abu - Bakr Umar ibn Al - Khattab Abu Jahl ⱶ Utba ibn Rabi'ah ⱶ Umayyah ibn Khalaf ⱶ Hind al - Hunnud Strength 313 infantry and cavalry: 2 horses and 70 camels 950 infantry and cavalry: 100 horses and 170 camels Casualties and losses 14 killed 70 killed, 70 prisoners Title: Battle of Savenay Passage: The Battle of Savenay took place on 23 December 1793, and marks the end of the Virée de Galerne operational phase of the first war in the Vendée after the French Revolution. A Republican force of approximately 18,000 decisively defeated the Armée Catholique et Royale force of 6,000 at Savenay. Title: Clara Morris Passage: Clara Morris (March 17, 1849 – November 20, 1925) (her birth date is sometimes given as 1846/48) was an American actress. Title: Giovanni Cifolelli Passage: Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his "Method for the mandolin" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period. Title: Ali Passage: Ali was born inside the sacred sanctuary of the Kaaba in Mecca, the holiest place in Islam, to Abu Talib and Fatimah bint Asad. He was the first male who accepted Islam, and, according to some authors, the first Muslim. Ali protected Muhammad from an early age and took part in almost all the battles fought by the nascent Muslim community. After migrating to Medina, he married Muhammad's daughter Fatimah. He was appointed caliph by Muhammad's companions in 656, after Caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated. Ali's reign saw civil wars and in 661, he was attacked and assassinated by a Kharijite while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa, being martyred two days later.Ali is important to both Shias and Sunnis, politically and spiritually. The numerous biographical sources about Ali are often biased according to sectarian lines, but they agree that he was a pious Muslim, devoted to the cause of Islam and a just ruler in accordance with the Qur'an and the Sunnah. While Sunnis consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun (rightly guided) caliphs, Shia Muslims regard Ali as the first Imam after Muhammad due to their interpretation of the events at Ghadir Khumm. Shia Muslims also believe that Ali and the other Shia Imams (all of whom are from the Ahl al-Bayt, Muhammad's household) are the rightful successors to Muhammad. Ali has also received recognition from a variety of non-Muslim organizations, such as the United Nations and the World Organization for Human Rights, for his governance and social justice. Title: Battle of Palembang Passage: The Battle of Palembang was a battle of the Pacific theatre of World War II. It occurred near Palembang, on Sumatra, on 13–15 February 1942. The Royal Dutch Shell oil refineries at nearby Pladju (or Pladjoe) were the major objectives for the Empire of Japan in the Pacific War, because of an oil embargo imposed on Japan by the United States, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. With the area's abundant fuel supply and airfield, Palembang offered significant potential as a military base to both the Allies and the Japanese. Title: Battle of Manila Bay Passage: The Battle of Manila Bay took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish -- American War. The American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey engaged and destroyed the Spanish Pacific Squadron under Contraalmirante (Rear admiral) Patricio Montojo. The battle took place in Manila Bay in the Philippines, and was the first major engagement of the Spanish -- American War. The battle was one of the most decisive naval battles in history and marked the end of the Spanish colonial period in Philippine history.	[ "Battle of Palembang", "Marzuki Alie" ]
2hop__6265_718451	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Duilio Arigoni (born December 6, 1928) is a Swiss chemist and Emeritus Professor at ETH Zurich. He has worked on the biosynthetic pathways of many organic natural substances.", "title": "Duilio Arigoni" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hydrogen gas was first artificially produced in the early 16th century, via the mixing of metals with acids. In 1766–81, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize that hydrogen gas was a discrete substance, and that it produces water when burned, a property which later gave it its name: in Greek, hydrogen means \"water-former\".", "title": "Hydrogen" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Certain bacteria form close spatial associations that are essential for their survival. One such mutualistic association, called interspecies hydrogen transfer, occurs between clusters of anaerobic bacteria that consume organic acids, such as butyric acid or propionic acid, and produce hydrogen, and methanogenic Archaea that consume hydrogen. The bacteria in this association are unable to consume the organic acids as this reaction produces hydrogen that accumulates in their surroundings. Only the intimate association with the hydrogen-consuming Archaea keeps the hydrogen concentration low enough to allow the bacteria to grow.", "title": "Bacteria" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "All government officers of the United States, including the President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, state judges and legislators, and all members of Congress, pledge first and foremost to uphold the Constitution. These oaths affirm that the rule of law is superior to the rule of any human leader. At the same time, the federal government has considerable discretion: the legislative branch is free to decide what statutes it will write, as long as it stays within its enumerated powers and respects the constitutionally protected rights of individuals. Likewise, the judicial branch has a degree of judicial discretion, and the executive branch also has various discretionary powers including prosecutorial discretion.", "title": "Rule of law" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Margaret Naumann Keyes (March 4, 1918 – October 14, 2015) was an American academic and heritage preserver. She was a professor of Home Economics at the University of Iowa and is a nationally recognized leader in the field of heritage conservation, best known for her work to preserve the Iowa Old Capitol Building.", "title": "Margaret Keyes" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Cavendish Professorship is one of the senior faculty positions in physics at the University of Cambridge. It was founded on 9 February 1871 alongside the famous Cavendish Laboratory, which was completed three years later. William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire endowed both the professorship and laboratory in honor of his relative, chemist and physicist Henry Cavendish.", "title": "Cavendish Professor of Physics" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For more than 40 years, Paul Ekman has supported the view that emotions are discrete, measurable, and physiologically distinct. Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not have learned associations for facial expressions through media. Another classic study found that when participants contorted their facial muscles into distinct facial expressions (e.g. disgust), they reported subjective and physiological experiences that matched the distinct facial expressions. His research findings led him to classify six emotions as basic: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise.", "title": "Emotion" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hydrogen gas (dihydrogen or molecular hydrogen) is highly flammable and will burn in air at a very wide range of concentrations between 4% and 75% by volume. The enthalpy of combustion for hydrogen is −286 kJ/mol:", "title": "Hydrogen" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Von Neumann founded the field of continuous geometry. It followed his path-breaking work on rings of operators. In mathematics, continuous geometry is an analogue of complex projective geometry, where instead of the dimension of a subspace being in a discrete set 0, 1, ..., n, it can be an element of the unit interval [0,1]. Von Neumann was motivated by his discovery of von Neumann algebras with a dimension function taking a continuous range of dimensions, and the first example of a continuous geometry other than projective space was the projections of the hyperfinite type II factor.", "title": "John von Neumann" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A very small amount of water vapor inside a light bulb can significantly affect lamp darkening. Water vapor dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen at the hot filament. The oxygen attacks the tungsten metal, and the resulting tungsten oxide particles travel to cooler parts of the lamp. Hydrogen from water vapor reduces the oxide, reforming water vapor and continuing this water cycle. The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps will significantly increase darkening. Small amounts of substances such as zirconium are placed within the lamp as a getter to react with any oxygen that may bake out of the lamp components during operation.", "title": "Incandescent light bulb" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first hydrogen-filled balloon was invented by Jacques Charles in 1783. Hydrogen provided the lift for the first reliable form of air-travel following the 1852 invention of the first hydrogen-lifted airship by Henri Giffard. German count Ferdinand von Zeppelin promoted the idea of rigid airships lifted by hydrogen that later were called Zeppelins; the first of which had its maiden flight in 1900. Regularly scheduled flights started in 1910 and by the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, they had carried 35,000 passengers without a serious incident. Hydrogen-lifted airships were used as observation platforms and bombers during the war.", "title": "Hydrogen" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Plasma (from Ancient Greek πλάσμα , meaning 'moldable substance') is one of the four fundamental states of matter, and was first described by chemist Irving Langmuir in the 1920s. Unlike the other three states, solid, liquid, and gas, plasma does not exist freely on the Earth's surface under normal conditions. Plasma can only be artificially generated by heating or subjecting a neutral gas to a strong electromagnetic field to the point an ionised gaseous substance becomes increasingly electrically conductive, and long - range electromagnetic fields dominate the behavior of the matter.", "title": "Plasma (physics)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hydrogen poses a number of hazards to human safety, from potential detonations and fires when mixed with air to being an asphyxiant in its pure, oxygen-free form. In addition, liquid hydrogen is a cryogen and presents dangers (such as frostbite) associated with very cold liquids. Hydrogen dissolves in many metals, and, in addition to leaking out, may have adverse effects on them, such as hydrogen embrittlement, leading to cracks and explosions. Hydrogen gas leaking into external air may spontaneously ignite. Moreover, hydrogen fire, while being extremely hot, is almost invisible, and thus can lead to accidental burns.", "title": "Hydrogen" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Journal of Simulation is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research and practice in the field of discrete event simulation. It is an official journal of The Operational Research Society. According to the \"Journal Citation Reports\", the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 0.772.", "title": "Journal of Simulation" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Drugs, Inc. is an American documentary style television series on the National Geographic Channel that explores global narcotics production and trafficking. The series features drug dealers, recreational users, and addicts, as well as professionals in the fields of substance abuse, drug rehabilitation, and criminal justice.", "title": "Drugs, Inc." }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Throughout the universe, hydrogen is mostly found in the atomic and plasma states whose properties are quite different from molecular hydrogen. As a plasma, hydrogen's electron and proton are not bound together, resulting in very high electrical conductivity and high emissivity (producing the light from the Sun and other stars). The charged particles are highly influenced by magnetic and electric fields. For example, in the solar wind they interact with the Earth's magnetosphere giving rise to Birkeland currents and the aurora. Hydrogen is found in the neutral atomic state in the interstellar medium. The large amount of neutral hydrogen found in the damped Lyman-alpha systems is thought to dominate the cosmological baryonic density of the Universe up to redshift z=4.", "title": "Hydrogen" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saturn has an intrinsic magnetic field that has a simple, symmetric shape – a magnetic dipole. Its strength at the equator – 0.2 gauss (20 µT) – is approximately one twentieth of that of the field around Jupiter and slightly weaker than Earth's magnetic field. As a result, Saturn's magnetosphere is much smaller than Jupiter's. When Voyager 2 entered the magnetosphere, the solar wind pressure was high and the magnetosphere extended only 19 Saturn radii, or 1.1 million km (712,000 mi), although it enlarged within several hours, and remained so for about three days. Most probably, the magnetic field is generated similarly to that of Jupiter – by currents in the liquid metallic-hydrogen layer called a metallic-hydrogen dynamo. This magnetosphere is efficient at deflecting the solar wind particles from the Sun. The moon Titan orbits within the outer part of Saturn's magnetosphere and contributes plasma from the ionized particles in Titan's outer atmosphere. Saturn's magnetosphere, like Earth's, produces aurorae.", "title": "Saturn" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The energy levels of hydrogen can be calculated fairly accurately using the Bohr model of the atom, which conceptualizes the electron as \"orbiting\" the proton in analogy to the Earth's orbit of the Sun. However, the electromagnetic force attracts electrons and protons to one another, while planets and celestial objects are attracted to each other by gravity. Because of the discretization of angular momentum postulated in early quantum mechanics by Bohr, the electron in the Bohr model can only occupy certain allowed distances from the proton, and therefore only certain allowed energies.", "title": "Hydrogen" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1671, Robert Boyle discovered and described the reaction between iron filings and dilute acids, which results in the production of hydrogen gas. In 1766, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize hydrogen gas as a discrete substance, by naming the gas from a metal-acid reaction \"flammable air\". He speculated that \"flammable air\" was in fact identical to the hypothetical substance called \"phlogiston\" and further finding in 1781 that the gas produces water when burned. He is usually given credit for its discovery as an element. In 1783, Antoine Lavoisier gave the element the name hydrogen (from the Greek ὑδρο- hydro meaning \"water\" and -γενής genes meaning \"creator\") when he and Laplace reproduced Cavendish's finding that water is produced when hydrogen is burned.", "title": "Hydrogen" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The nickel hydrogen battery was used for the first time in 1977 aboard the U.S. Navy's Navigation technology satellite-2 (NTS-2). For example, the ISS, Mars Odyssey and the Mars Global Surveyor are equipped with nickel-hydrogen batteries. In the dark part of its orbit, the Hubble Space Telescope is also powered by nickel-hydrogen batteries, which were finally replaced in May 2009, more than 19 years after launch, and 13 years over their design life.", "title": "Hydrogen" } ]	What field of work did the person who first recognized that hydrogen was a discrete substance work in?	physic	[ "Physic" ]	Title: Hydrogen Passage: The nickel hydrogen battery was used for the first time in 1977 aboard the U.S. Navy's Navigation technology satellite-2 (NTS-2). For example, the ISS, Mars Odyssey and the Mars Global Surveyor are equipped with nickel-hydrogen batteries. In the dark part of its orbit, the Hubble Space Telescope is also powered by nickel-hydrogen batteries, which were finally replaced in May 2009, more than 19 years after launch, and 13 years over their design life. Title: Margaret Keyes Passage: Margaret Naumann Keyes (March 4, 1918 – October 14, 2015) was an American academic and heritage preserver. She was a professor of Home Economics at the University of Iowa and is a nationally recognized leader in the field of heritage conservation, best known for her work to preserve the Iowa Old Capitol Building. Title: John von Neumann Passage: Von Neumann founded the field of continuous geometry. It followed his path-breaking work on rings of operators. In mathematics, continuous geometry is an analogue of complex projective geometry, where instead of the dimension of a subspace being in a discrete set 0, 1, ..., n, it can be an element of the unit interval [0,1]. Von Neumann was motivated by his discovery of von Neumann algebras with a dimension function taking a continuous range of dimensions, and the first example of a continuous geometry other than projective space was the projections of the hyperfinite type II factor. Title: Emotion Passage: For more than 40 years, Paul Ekman has supported the view that emotions are discrete, measurable, and physiologically distinct. Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not have learned associations for facial expressions through media. Another classic study found that when participants contorted their facial muscles into distinct facial expressions (e.g. disgust), they reported subjective and physiological experiences that matched the distinct facial expressions. His research findings led him to classify six emotions as basic: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. Title: Hydrogen Passage: Hydrogen gas (dihydrogen or molecular hydrogen) is highly flammable and will burn in air at a very wide range of concentrations between 4% and 75% by volume. The enthalpy of combustion for hydrogen is −286 kJ/mol: Title: Hydrogen Passage: Hydrogen gas was first artificially produced in the early 16th century, via the mixing of metals with acids. In 1766–81, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize that hydrogen gas was a discrete substance, and that it produces water when burned, a property which later gave it its name: in Greek, hydrogen means "water-former". Title: Hydrogen Passage: The energy levels of hydrogen can be calculated fairly accurately using the Bohr model of the atom, which conceptualizes the electron as "orbiting" the proton in analogy to the Earth's orbit of the Sun. However, the electromagnetic force attracts electrons and protons to one another, while planets and celestial objects are attracted to each other by gravity. Because of the discretization of angular momentum postulated in early quantum mechanics by Bohr, the electron in the Bohr model can only occupy certain allowed distances from the proton, and therefore only certain allowed energies. Title: Hydrogen Passage: The first hydrogen-filled balloon was invented by Jacques Charles in 1783. Hydrogen provided the lift for the first reliable form of air-travel following the 1852 invention of the first hydrogen-lifted airship by Henri Giffard. German count Ferdinand von Zeppelin promoted the idea of rigid airships lifted by hydrogen that later were called Zeppelins; the first of which had its maiden flight in 1900. Regularly scheduled flights started in 1910 and by the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, they had carried 35,000 passengers without a serious incident. Hydrogen-lifted airships were used as observation platforms and bombers during the war. Title: Hydrogen Passage: Hydrogen poses a number of hazards to human safety, from potential detonations and fires when mixed with air to being an asphyxiant in its pure, oxygen-free form. In addition, liquid hydrogen is a cryogen and presents dangers (such as frostbite) associated with very cold liquids. Hydrogen dissolves in many metals, and, in addition to leaking out, may have adverse effects on them, such as hydrogen embrittlement, leading to cracks and explosions. Hydrogen gas leaking into external air may spontaneously ignite. Moreover, hydrogen fire, while being extremely hot, is almost invisible, and thus can lead to accidental burns. Title: Bacteria Passage: Certain bacteria form close spatial associations that are essential for their survival. One such mutualistic association, called interspecies hydrogen transfer, occurs between clusters of anaerobic bacteria that consume organic acids, such as butyric acid or propionic acid, and produce hydrogen, and methanogenic Archaea that consume hydrogen. The bacteria in this association are unable to consume the organic acids as this reaction produces hydrogen that accumulates in their surroundings. Only the intimate association with the hydrogen-consuming Archaea keeps the hydrogen concentration low enough to allow the bacteria to grow. Title: Saturn Passage: Saturn has an intrinsic magnetic field that has a simple, symmetric shape – a magnetic dipole. Its strength at the equator – 0.2 gauss (20 µT) – is approximately one twentieth of that of the field around Jupiter and slightly weaker than Earth's magnetic field. As a result, Saturn's magnetosphere is much smaller than Jupiter's. When Voyager 2 entered the magnetosphere, the solar wind pressure was high and the magnetosphere extended only 19 Saturn radii, or 1.1 million km (712,000 mi), although it enlarged within several hours, and remained so for about three days. Most probably, the magnetic field is generated similarly to that of Jupiter – by currents in the liquid metallic-hydrogen layer called a metallic-hydrogen dynamo. This magnetosphere is efficient at deflecting the solar wind particles from the Sun. The moon Titan orbits within the outer part of Saturn's magnetosphere and contributes plasma from the ionized particles in Titan's outer atmosphere. Saturn's magnetosphere, like Earth's, produces aurorae. Title: Hydrogen Passage: Throughout the universe, hydrogen is mostly found in the atomic and plasma states whose properties are quite different from molecular hydrogen. As a plasma, hydrogen's electron and proton are not bound together, resulting in very high electrical conductivity and high emissivity (producing the light from the Sun and other stars). The charged particles are highly influenced by magnetic and electric fields. For example, in the solar wind they interact with the Earth's magnetosphere giving rise to Birkeland currents and the aurora. Hydrogen is found in the neutral atomic state in the interstellar medium. The large amount of neutral hydrogen found in the damped Lyman-alpha systems is thought to dominate the cosmological baryonic density of the Universe up to redshift z=4. Title: Cavendish Professor of Physics Passage: The Cavendish Professorship is one of the senior faculty positions in physics at the University of Cambridge. It was founded on 9 February 1871 alongside the famous Cavendish Laboratory, which was completed three years later. William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire endowed both the professorship and laboratory in honor of his relative, chemist and physicist Henry Cavendish. Title: Duilio Arigoni Passage: Duilio Arigoni (born December 6, 1928) is a Swiss chemist and Emeritus Professor at ETH Zurich. He has worked on the biosynthetic pathways of many organic natural substances. Title: Plasma (physics) Passage: Plasma (from Ancient Greek πλάσμα , meaning 'moldable substance') is one of the four fundamental states of matter, and was first described by chemist Irving Langmuir in the 1920s. Unlike the other three states, solid, liquid, and gas, plasma does not exist freely on the Earth's surface under normal conditions. Plasma can only be artificially generated by heating or subjecting a neutral gas to a strong electromagnetic field to the point an ionised gaseous substance becomes increasingly electrically conductive, and long - range electromagnetic fields dominate the behavior of the matter. Title: Incandescent light bulb Passage: A very small amount of water vapor inside a light bulb can significantly affect lamp darkening. Water vapor dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen at the hot filament. The oxygen attacks the tungsten metal, and the resulting tungsten oxide particles travel to cooler parts of the lamp. Hydrogen from water vapor reduces the oxide, reforming water vapor and continuing this water cycle. The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps will significantly increase darkening. Small amounts of substances such as zirconium are placed within the lamp as a getter to react with any oxygen that may bake out of the lamp components during operation. Title: Drugs, Inc. Passage: Drugs, Inc. is an American documentary style television series on the National Geographic Channel that explores global narcotics production and trafficking. The series features drug dealers, recreational users, and addicts, as well as professionals in the fields of substance abuse, drug rehabilitation, and criminal justice. Title: Journal of Simulation Passage: The Journal of Simulation is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research and practice in the field of discrete event simulation. It is an official journal of The Operational Research Society. According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 0.772. Title: Rule of law Passage: All government officers of the United States, including the President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, state judges and legislators, and all members of Congress, pledge first and foremost to uphold the Constitution. These oaths affirm that the rule of law is superior to the rule of any human leader. At the same time, the federal government has considerable discretion: the legislative branch is free to decide what statutes it will write, as long as it stays within its enumerated powers and respects the constitutionally protected rights of individuals. Likewise, the judicial branch has a degree of judicial discretion, and the executive branch also has various discretionary powers including prosecutorial discretion. Title: Hydrogen Passage: In 1671, Robert Boyle discovered and described the reaction between iron filings and dilute acids, which results in the production of hydrogen gas. In 1766, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize hydrogen gas as a discrete substance, by naming the gas from a metal-acid reaction "flammable air". He speculated that "flammable air" was in fact identical to the hypothetical substance called "phlogiston" and further finding in 1781 that the gas produces water when burned. He is usually given credit for its discovery as an element. In 1783, Antoine Lavoisier gave the element the name hydrogen (from the Greek ὑδρο- hydro meaning "water" and -γενής genes meaning "creator") when he and Laplace reproduced Cavendish's finding that water is produced when hydrogen is burned.	[ "Hydrogen", "Cavendish Professor of Physics" ]
2hop__734582_74481	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Urbain Cancelier (born 2 August 1959) is a French comedian and actor, primarily known for his collaborations with French film director Jean-Pierre Jeunet, and for playing Collignon in \"Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain\".", "title": "Urbain Cancelier" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Louis Sobieski was born on 2 November 1667 in Paris, France. He was named after his grandfather Jakub Sobieski, his godfather Louis XIV of France and his godmother Henrietta Maria of France. In 1683, the fifteen-year-old prince fought alongside his father against the Turks at the Battle of Vienna. James was a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece.", "title": "James Louis Sobieski" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mark Everett Sloan, M.D., F.A.C.S. is a fictional surgeon from the ABC medical drama television series Grey's Anatomy, portrayed by Eric Dane. Dr. Sloan is an attending specializing in plastic surgery. Dr. Sloan earned the nickname ``McSteamy ''for his good looks by the female interns of Seattle Grace later Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital. He was good friends with Dr. Derek Shepherd, a fellow physician at Seattle Grace, but was the catalyst for the end of Shepherd's marriage when Shepherd caught Sloan sleeping with his wife, Addison. Later, he pursues a 'forbidden' relationship with Dr. Lexie Grey, straining his relationship with Derek yet again. He reveals that he loves Lexie in episodes`` Migration'', ``Flight '',`` Going, Going, Gone'', and ``Remember The Time ''In the show's ninth season, he dies of injuries sustained in a jet plane crash that also injured or killed several of his colleagues from the hospital.", "title": "Mark Sloan (Grey's Anatomy)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Good Shepherd is a 2006 spy film produced and directed by Robert De Niro and starring Matt Damon, Angelina Jolie and De Niro, with an extensive supporting cast.", "title": "The Good Shepherd (film)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wood Lane is a London Underground station in the White City area of west London, United Kingdom. It is on the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines, between Latimer Road and Shepherd's Bush Market stations, in Travelcard Zone 2.", "title": "Wood Lane tube station" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The University of Swaziland, Southern African Nazarene University, Swaziland Christian University are the institutions that offer university education in the country. A campus of Limkokwing University of Creative Technology can be found at Sidvwashini, a suburb of the capital Mbabane. There are some teaching and nursing assistant colleges around the country. Ngwane Teacher's College and William Pitcher College are the country's teaching colleges. The Good Shepherd Hospital in Siteki is home to the College for Nursing Assistants.", "title": "Eswatini" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lady in the Van is a 2015 British comedy-drama film directed by Nicholas Hytner, and starring Maggie Smith and Alex Jennings, based on the memoir of the same name created by Alan Bennett. It was written by Bennett, and it tells the (mostly) true story of his interactions with Mary Shepherd, an elderly woman who lived in a dilapidated van on his driveway in London for 15 years. He had previously published the story as a 1989 essay, 1990 book, 1999 stage play, and 2009 radio play on BBC Radio 4. Smith had previously portrayed Shepherd twice: in the 1999 stage play, which earned her a Best Actress nomination at the 2000 Olivier Awards and in the 2009 radio adaptation.", "title": "The Lady in the Van" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cameron Shepherd (born 30 March 1984, Windsor, England) is an Australian rugby union footballer. He notably played for the Western Force in the international Super Rugby competition. His usual position is at fullback or wing.", "title": "Cameron Shepherd" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mumbai Godfather is the name of an Indian Bollywood film directed by Deepak Balraj Vij released on 23 September 2005.", "title": "Mumbai Godfather" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alfred Viola (June 16, 1919 – February 21, 2007) was an American jazz guitarist who worked with Frank Sinatra for 25 years and also played the mandolin on the soundtrack of the film \"The Godfather.\"", "title": "Al Viola" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wardlow is a parish and linear village in the Derbyshire Dales two miles from Tideswell, Derbyshire, England. The population at the 2011 census was 118. The village contains the church of the Good Shepherd and the small hamlet of Wardlow Mires, which contains a notable pub, The Three Stags' Heads.", "title": "Wardlow" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cybill is an American television sitcom created by Chuck Lorre, which aired on CBS from January 2, 1995, to July 13, 1998. Starring Cybill Shepherd, the show revolves around the life of Cybill Sheridan, a twice-divorced single mother of two and struggling actress in her 40s, who has never gotten her big show business break. Alicia Witt and Dedee Pfeiffer co-starred as Sheridan's daughters, with Alan Rosenberg and Tom Wopat playing their respective fathers, while Christine Baranski appeared as Cybill's hard-drinking friend Maryann.", "title": "Cybill" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Philippe Laguérie (born 30 September 1952 in Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine) is a French Traditionalist Catholic priest. He is the Superior General of the Institute of the Good Shepherd (), which upholds the Tridentine Mass.", "title": "Philippe Laguérie" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Il figlioccio del padrino (\"The Godson of the Godfather\") is a 1973 Italian comedy film directed by Mariano Laurenti. A parody of \"The Godfather\", it was mainly shot in Acireale. The film got a good commercial success, grossing about 500 million lire.", "title": "Il figlioccio del padrino" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Godfather Part II is a 1974 American crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo, starring Al Pacino and Robert De Niro. Partially based on Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather, the film is both sequel and prequel to The Godfather, presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone (Pacino), the new Don of the Corleone crime family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the prequel covers the journey of his father, Vito Corleone (De Niro), from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City.", "title": "The Godfather Part II" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vito Andolini Corleone is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel \"The Godfather\" and in the first two of Francis Ford Coppola's film trilogy. He is portrayed by Marlon Brando in \"The Godfather\" and then, as a young man, by Robert De Niro in \"The Godfather Part II\". He is an orphaned Sicilian immigrant who builds a Mafia empire. Upon his death, Michael, his youngest son, succeeds him as the don of the Corleone crime family.", "title": "Vito Corleone" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd ''(1596), by Walter Raleigh, is a poem that responds to and parodies the poem`` The Passionate Shepherd to His Love'' (1593) by Christopher Marlowe. In her reply to the shepherd's invitation, the nymph presents her rejection of the shepherd's courtship for a life of pastoral idyll.", "title": "The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lenny Montana (born Leonardo Passafaro; March 13, 1926 -- May 12, 1992) was an American actor who played the role of feared hitman Luca Brasi in The Godfather. Prior to becoming an actor, he had a successful career as a professional wrestler as well as an enforcer for the Colombo family.", "title": "Lenny Montana" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Good Shepherd Convent is an English-medium high school in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the top ranking schools in Chennai .", "title": "Good Shepherd Convent, Chennai" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thomas ``Tom ''Hagen is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel Godfather and Francis Ford Coppola's films The Godfather and The Godfather Part II. He is portrayed by Robert Duvall in the films.", "title": "Tom Hagen" } ]	Who was played by the director of The Good Shepherd in The Godfather Part II?	Vito Corleone	[ "Vito Andolini", "Vito Andolini Corleone" ]	Title: The Godfather Part II Passage: The Godfather Part II is a 1974 American crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo, starring Al Pacino and Robert De Niro. Partially based on Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather, the film is both sequel and prequel to The Godfather, presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone (Pacino), the new Don of the Corleone crime family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the prequel covers the journey of his father, Vito Corleone (De Niro), from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City. Title: Il figlioccio del padrino Passage: Il figlioccio del padrino ("The Godson of the Godfather") is a 1973 Italian comedy film directed by Mariano Laurenti. A parody of "The Godfather", it was mainly shot in Acireale. The film got a good commercial success, grossing about 500 million lire. Title: Tom Hagen Passage: Thomas ``Tom ''Hagen is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel Godfather and Francis Ford Coppola's films The Godfather and The Godfather Part II. He is portrayed by Robert Duvall in the films. Title: Urbain Cancelier Passage: Urbain Cancelier (born 2 August 1959) is a French comedian and actor, primarily known for his collaborations with French film director Jean-Pierre Jeunet, and for playing Collignon in "Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain". Title: James Louis Sobieski Passage: James Louis Sobieski was born on 2 November 1667 in Paris, France. He was named after his grandfather Jakub Sobieski, his godfather Louis XIV of France and his godmother Henrietta Maria of France. In 1683, the fifteen-year-old prince fought alongside his father against the Turks at the Battle of Vienna. James was a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece. Title: Philippe Laguérie Passage: Philippe Laguérie (born 30 September 1952 in Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine) is a French Traditionalist Catholic priest. He is the Superior General of the Institute of the Good Shepherd (), which upholds the Tridentine Mass. Title: The Lady in the Van Passage: The Lady in the Van is a 2015 British comedy-drama film directed by Nicholas Hytner, and starring Maggie Smith and Alex Jennings, based on the memoir of the same name created by Alan Bennett. It was written by Bennett, and it tells the (mostly) true story of his interactions with Mary Shepherd, an elderly woman who lived in a dilapidated van on his driveway in London for 15 years. He had previously published the story as a 1989 essay, 1990 book, 1999 stage play, and 2009 radio play on BBC Radio 4. Smith had previously portrayed Shepherd twice: in the 1999 stage play, which earned her a Best Actress nomination at the 2000 Olivier Awards and in the 2009 radio adaptation. Title: Wood Lane tube station Passage: Wood Lane is a London Underground station in the White City area of west London, United Kingdom. It is on the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines, between Latimer Road and Shepherd's Bush Market stations, in Travelcard Zone 2. Title: Wardlow Passage: Wardlow is a parish and linear village in the Derbyshire Dales two miles from Tideswell, Derbyshire, England. The population at the 2011 census was 118. The village contains the church of the Good Shepherd and the small hamlet of Wardlow Mires, which contains a notable pub, The Three Stags' Heads. Title: Lenny Montana Passage: Lenny Montana (born Leonardo Passafaro; March 13, 1926 -- May 12, 1992) was an American actor who played the role of feared hitman Luca Brasi in The Godfather. Prior to becoming an actor, he had a successful career as a professional wrestler as well as an enforcer for the Colombo family. Title: Vito Corleone Passage: Vito Andolini Corleone is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel "The Godfather" and in the first two of Francis Ford Coppola's film trilogy. He is portrayed by Marlon Brando in "The Godfather" and then, as a young man, by Robert De Niro in "The Godfather Part II". He is an orphaned Sicilian immigrant who builds a Mafia empire. Upon his death, Michael, his youngest son, succeeds him as the don of the Corleone crime family. Title: Mumbai Godfather Passage: Mumbai Godfather is the name of an Indian Bollywood film directed by Deepak Balraj Vij released on 23 September 2005. Title: The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd Passage: ``The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd ''(1596), by Walter Raleigh, is a poem that responds to and parodies the poem`` The Passionate Shepherd to His Love'' (1593) by Christopher Marlowe. In her reply to the shepherd's invitation, the nymph presents her rejection of the shepherd's courtship for a life of pastoral idyll. Title: Eswatini Passage: The University of Swaziland, Southern African Nazarene University, Swaziland Christian University are the institutions that offer university education in the country. A campus of Limkokwing University of Creative Technology can be found at Sidvwashini, a suburb of the capital Mbabane. There are some teaching and nursing assistant colleges around the country. Ngwane Teacher's College and William Pitcher College are the country's teaching colleges. The Good Shepherd Hospital in Siteki is home to the College for Nursing Assistants. Title: Good Shepherd Convent, Chennai Passage: The Good Shepherd Convent is an English-medium high school in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the top ranking schools in Chennai . Title: Al Viola Passage: Alfred Viola (June 16, 1919 – February 21, 2007) was an American jazz guitarist who worked with Frank Sinatra for 25 years and also played the mandolin on the soundtrack of the film "The Godfather." Title: Cameron Shepherd Passage: Cameron Shepherd (born 30 March 1984, Windsor, England) is an Australian rugby union footballer. He notably played for the Western Force in the international Super Rugby competition. His usual position is at fullback or wing. Title: Mark Sloan (Grey's Anatomy) Passage: Mark Everett Sloan, M.D., F.A.C.S. is a fictional surgeon from the ABC medical drama television series Grey's Anatomy, portrayed by Eric Dane. Dr. Sloan is an attending specializing in plastic surgery. Dr. Sloan earned the nickname ``McSteamy ''for his good looks by the female interns of Seattle Grace later Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital. He was good friends with Dr. Derek Shepherd, a fellow physician at Seattle Grace, but was the catalyst for the end of Shepherd's marriage when Shepherd caught Sloan sleeping with his wife, Addison. Later, he pursues a 'forbidden' relationship with Dr. Lexie Grey, straining his relationship with Derek yet again. He reveals that he loves Lexie in episodes`` Migration'', ``Flight '',`` Going, Going, Gone'', and ``Remember The Time ''In the show's ninth season, he dies of injuries sustained in a jet plane crash that also injured or killed several of his colleagues from the hospital. Title: The Good Shepherd (film) Passage: The Good Shepherd is a 2006 spy film produced and directed by Robert De Niro and starring Matt Damon, Angelina Jolie and De Niro, with an extensive supporting cast. Title: Cybill Passage: Cybill is an American television sitcom created by Chuck Lorre, which aired on CBS from January 2, 1995, to July 13, 1998. Starring Cybill Shepherd, the show revolves around the life of Cybill Sheridan, a twice-divorced single mother of two and struggling actress in her 40s, who has never gotten her big show business break. Alicia Witt and Dedee Pfeiffer co-starred as Sheridan's daughters, with Alan Rosenberg and Tom Wopat playing their respective fathers, while Christine Baranski appeared as Cybill's hard-drinking friend Maryann.	[ "The Good Shepherd (film)", "The Godfather Part II" ]
2hop__20685_712629	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Esther Queen of Persia Queen Esther (1879) by Edwin Long Queen of Persia Reign c. 479 -- c. 465 BC Coronation c. 479 Predecessor Vashti Hadassah c. 492 BC Achaemenid Empire Burial Hamadan, Iran Spouse King Xerxes I of Persia House Persia Father Abihail (biological), Mordecai (adoptive) Religion Judaism", "title": "Esther" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth was worn by the future Queen Elizabeth II at her wedding to Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November 1947 in Westminster Abbey. Given the rationing of clothing at the time, she still had to purchase the material using ration coupons. The dress was designed by Norman Hartnell. Hartnell's signature was said to be embroidery, and he enjoyed \"working with soft, floating fabrics, particularly tulle and chiffon, and with plain, lustrous silks\". The dress was made of soft Damascus Prokar, with a high neckline, tailored bodice and a short train.", "title": "Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bohemian Rhapsody is an upcoming biographical film about the British rock band Queen, focusing on lead singer Freddie Mercury's life and leading up to Queen's Live Aid performance in 1985. The film is a British and American venture produced by 20th Century Fox, New Regency, GK Films and Queen Films, with Fox serving as its distributor. It was directed by Bryan Singer, written by Anthony McCarten and stars Rami Malek as Mercury, with Lucy Boynton, Gwilym Lee, Ben Hardy, Joseph Mazzello, Aidan Gillen, Tom Hollander, Allen Leech, and Mike Myers in supporting roles. Queen founding members Brian May and Roger Taylor and Queen manager Jim Beach serve as producers.", "title": "Bohemian Rhapsody (film)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In May 2007, The Daily Telegraph, citing unnamed sources, reported that the Queen was \"exasperated and frustrated\" by the policies of the British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, that she was concerned the British Armed Forces were overstretched in Iraq and Afghanistan, and that she had raised concerns over rural and countryside issues with Blair. She was, however, said to admire Blair's efforts to achieve peace in Northern Ireland. On 20 March 2008, at the Church of Ireland St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh, the Queen attended the first Maundy service held outside England and Wales. At the invitation of the Irish President, Mary McAleese, the Queen made the first state visit to the Republic of Ireland by a British monarch in May 2011.", "title": "Elizabeth II" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Executive authority in Saint Helena is vested in Queen Elizabeth II and is exercised on her behalf by the Governor of Saint Helena. The Governor is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the British government. Defence and Foreign Affairs remain the responsibility of the United Kingdom.", "title": "Saint Helena" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maria Luisa of Savoy (Maria Luisa Gabriella; 17 September 1688 – 14 February 1714) was a queen consort of Spain by marriage to Philip V of Spain. She acted as Regent of Spain during the absence of her spouse from 1702 until 1703, and had great influence over him as his adviser, while she was herself in turn influenced by the Princesse des Ursins.", "title": "Maria Luisa of Savoy" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ebba Stenbock was the daughter of riksråd and Brita Eriksdotter Leijonhufvud, and the sister of Queen Catherine Stenbock. She was the niece of Queen Margareta Leijonhufvud, and thereby the cousin of the royal children of that marriage, including the future John III of Sweden and Charles IX of Sweden. In 1573, she married Clas Eriksson Fleming in the house of her sister, the Queen Dowager in Stockholm, and moved with him to Finland. She had three children during her marriage: the daughters Katarina, Hebla and Margareta, and her son Johan Fleming. In 1594, her spouse was appointed Governor-General of Finland.", "title": "Ebba Stenbock" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prince Karl Franz of Prussia (15 December 1916 – 23 January 1975) was the only child of Prince Joachim of Prussia and his wife Princess Marie-Auguste of Anhalt. He was also the grandson of Wilhelm II, German Emperor, himself a grandson of Queen Victoria, which made Prince Karl a great-great-grandson of the British queen.", "title": "Prince Karl Franz of Prussia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Argentine, British and Chilean claims all overlap, and have caused friction. On 18 December 2012, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office named a previously unnamed area Queen Elizabeth Land in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee. On 22 December 2012, the UK ambassador to Argentina, John Freeman, was summoned to the Argentine government as protest against the claim. Argentine–UK relations had previously been damaged throughout 2012 due to disputes over the sovereignty of the nearby Falkland Islands, and the 30th anniversary of the Falklands War.", "title": "Antarctica" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gold Harbour, was a gold and silver mine and camp on Mitchell Inlet, part of Tasu Sound on Moresby Island in the Queen Charlotte Islands of the North Coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is notable as the location of the first lode mine worked in what is now British Columbia.", "title": "Gold Harbour, British Columbia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daenerys Targaryen A Song of Ice and Fire character Game of Thrones character Emilia Clarke as Daenerys Targaryen in the television adaptation Game of Thrones First appearance Novel: A Game of Thrones (1996) Television: ``Winter Is Coming ''(2011) Video game:`` The Sword in the Darkness'' (2015) Created by George R.R. Martin Portrayed by Emilia Clarke (Game of Thrones) Voiced by Emilia Clarke (video game) Information Aliases Daenerys Stormborn Dany Khaleesi Mhysa The Silver Queen Silver Lady Dragonmother The Dragon Queen The Queen Across the Water Gender Female Title Queen of the Andals, the Rhoynar and the First Men (claimant) Protector of the Realm (claimant) Queen of Meereen Khaleesi of the Great Grass Sea Mother of Dragons The Unburnt Breaker of Chains Lady of Dragonstone Family House Targaryen Spouse (s) Drogo Hizdahr zo Loraq Significant other (s) Daario Naharis Jon Snow (TV series) Children Rhaego (stillborn) Relatives Aerys II Targaryen (father) Rhaella Targaryen (mother) Rhaegar Targaryen (brother) Viserys Targaryen (brother) Rhaenys Targaryen (niece) Aegon Targaryen (nephew) Jon Snow (nephew; TV series) Kingdom The Crownlands", "title": "Daenerys Targaryen" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Jubilee bust of Queen Victoria is a sculpted bust of Queen Victoria, made as an official commemoration her 1887 golden jubilee by the sculptor Francis John Williamson. Many copies were made, and distributed throughout the British Empire.", "title": "Jubilee bust of Queen Victoria" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1981, the Canadian House of Commons and Senate passed a resolution requesting that the British Parliament enact a package of constitutional amendments which would end the last powers of the British Parliament to legislate for Canada and would create an entirely Canadian process for constitutional amendments. The resolution set out the text of the proposed Canada Act, which also included the text of the Constitution Act, 1982. The British Parliament duly passed the Canada Act 1982, the Queen granting Royal Assent on March 29, 1982, 115 years to the day since Queen Victoria granted Royal Assent to the Constitution Act, 1867. On April 17, 1982, the Queen signed the Proclamation on the grounds of Parliament Hill in Ottawa bringing the Constitution Act, 1982 into force, thus patriating the Constitution of Canada. Previously, the main portions of the constitution had existed only as an act passed of the British parliament, though under the terms of the Statute of Westminster, it could not be altered without Canadian consent. Canada had established complete sovereignty as an independent country, with the Queen's role as monarch of Canada separate from her role as the British monarch or the monarch of any of the other Commonwealth realms.", "title": "History of Canada" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Most former British colonies and protectorates are among the 53 member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, a non-political, voluntary association of equal members, comprising a population of around 2.2 billion people. Sixteen Commonwealth realms voluntarily continue to share the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, as their head of state. These sixteen nations are distinct and equal legal entities – the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The longest - lived British monarch and ruler is Queen Elizabeth II, the current monarch, who is aged 7004334780000000000 ♠ 91 years, 240 days.", "title": "List of British monarchy records" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The major soap operas on British television each feature a pub, and these pubs have become household names. The Rovers Return is the pub in Coronation Street, the British soap broadcast on ITV. The Queen Vic (short for the Queen Victoria) is the pub in EastEnders, the major soap on BBC One and the Woolpack in ITV's Emmerdale. The sets of each of the three major television soap operas have been visited by some of the members of the royal family, including Queen Elizabeth II. The centrepiece of each visit was a trip into the Rovers, the Queen Vic, or the Woolpack to be offered a drink. The Bull in the BBC Radio 4 soap opera The Archers is an important meeting point.", "title": "Pub" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Watson Island is an island in the Queen Charlotte Strait region of the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada, located to the north of North Broughton Island in the entrance to Mackenzie Sound.", "title": "Watson Island (British Columbia)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "White Queen Alice character Alice and the White Queen. Art by John Tenniel (1865) First appearance Through the Looking - Glass Created by Lewis Carroll Portrayed by Anne Hathaway (Alice in Wonderland, Alice Through the Looking Glass) Emma Rigby (Once Upon a Time in Wonderland) Information Species Human Gender Female Occupation Queen Spouse (s) White King Children Lily (a pawn) Nationality Looking - Glass Land", "title": "White Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Annie Besant Annie Besant (1847 - 10 - 01) 1 October 1847 Clapham, London, UK 20 September 1933 (1933 - 09 - 20) (aged 85) Adyar, Madras Presidency, British India Nationality British Known for Theosophist, women's rights activist, writer and orator Political party Indian National Congress Movement Indian independence movement Spouse (s) Frank Besant (m. 1867; div. 1873) Children Arthur, Mabel", "title": "Annie Besant" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood (Victoria Alexandra Alice Mary; 25 April 1897 – 28 March 1965) was a member of the British royal family. She was the third child and only daughter of King George V and Queen Mary and was born during the reign of Queen Victoria, her great-grandmother. Mary was the paternal aunt of the current British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II. Her education started at home. World War I brought Mary out of seclusion as she launched a charity campaign to support British troops and sailors. She eventually became a nurse. Mary married Viscount Lascelles (later the Earl of Harewood) in 1922. She was an avid collector of jewellery.", "title": "Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood" } ]	Who was the spouse of the British queen?	Philip Mountbatten	[]	Title: Watson Island (British Columbia) Passage: Watson Island is an island in the Queen Charlotte Strait region of the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada, located to the north of North Broughton Island in the entrance to Mackenzie Sound. Title: Pub Passage: The major soap operas on British television each feature a pub, and these pubs have become household names. The Rovers Return is the pub in Coronation Street, the British soap broadcast on ITV. The Queen Vic (short for the Queen Victoria) is the pub in EastEnders, the major soap on BBC One and the Woolpack in ITV's Emmerdale. The sets of each of the three major television soap operas have been visited by some of the members of the royal family, including Queen Elizabeth II. The centrepiece of each visit was a trip into the Rovers, the Queen Vic, or the Woolpack to be offered a drink. The Bull in the BBC Radio 4 soap opera The Archers is an important meeting point. Title: Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth Passage: The wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth was worn by the future Queen Elizabeth II at her wedding to Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November 1947 in Westminster Abbey. Given the rationing of clothing at the time, she still had to purchase the material using ration coupons. The dress was designed by Norman Hartnell. Hartnell's signature was said to be embroidery, and he enjoyed "working with soft, floating fabrics, particularly tulle and chiffon, and with plain, lustrous silks". The dress was made of soft Damascus Prokar, with a high neckline, tailored bodice and a short train. Title: Saint Helena Passage: Executive authority in Saint Helena is vested in Queen Elizabeth II and is exercised on her behalf by the Governor of Saint Helena. The Governor is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the British government. Defence and Foreign Affairs remain the responsibility of the United Kingdom. Title: Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood Passage: Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood (Victoria Alexandra Alice Mary; 25 April 1897 – 28 March 1965) was a member of the British royal family. She was the third child and only daughter of King George V and Queen Mary and was born during the reign of Queen Victoria, her great-grandmother. Mary was the paternal aunt of the current British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II. Her education started at home. World War I brought Mary out of seclusion as she launched a charity campaign to support British troops and sailors. She eventually became a nurse. Mary married Viscount Lascelles (later the Earl of Harewood) in 1922. She was an avid collector of jewellery. Title: British Empire Passage: Most former British colonies and protectorates are among the 53 member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, a non-political, voluntary association of equal members, comprising a population of around 2.2 billion people. Sixteen Commonwealth realms voluntarily continue to share the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, as their head of state. These sixteen nations are distinct and equal legal entities – the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu. Title: Daenerys Targaryen Passage: Daenerys Targaryen A Song of Ice and Fire character Game of Thrones character Emilia Clarke as Daenerys Targaryen in the television adaptation Game of Thrones First appearance Novel: A Game of Thrones (1996) Television: ``Winter Is Coming ''(2011) Video game:`` The Sword in the Darkness'' (2015) Created by George R.R. Martin Portrayed by Emilia Clarke (Game of Thrones) Voiced by Emilia Clarke (video game) Information Aliases Daenerys Stormborn Dany Khaleesi Mhysa The Silver Queen Silver Lady Dragonmother The Dragon Queen The Queen Across the Water Gender Female Title Queen of the Andals, the Rhoynar and the First Men (claimant) Protector of the Realm (claimant) Queen of Meereen Khaleesi of the Great Grass Sea Mother of Dragons The Unburnt Breaker of Chains Lady of Dragonstone Family House Targaryen Spouse (s) Drogo Hizdahr zo Loraq Significant other (s) Daario Naharis Jon Snow (TV series) Children Rhaego (stillborn) Relatives Aerys II Targaryen (father) Rhaella Targaryen (mother) Rhaegar Targaryen (brother) Viserys Targaryen (brother) Rhaenys Targaryen (niece) Aegon Targaryen (nephew) Jon Snow (nephew; TV series) Kingdom The Crownlands Title: Prince Karl Franz of Prussia Passage: Prince Karl Franz of Prussia (15 December 1916 – 23 January 1975) was the only child of Prince Joachim of Prussia and his wife Princess Marie-Auguste of Anhalt. He was also the grandson of Wilhelm II, German Emperor, himself a grandson of Queen Victoria, which made Prince Karl a great-great-grandson of the British queen. Title: Ebba Stenbock Passage: Ebba Stenbock was the daughter of riksråd and Brita Eriksdotter Leijonhufvud, and the sister of Queen Catherine Stenbock. She was the niece of Queen Margareta Leijonhufvud, and thereby the cousin of the royal children of that marriage, including the future John III of Sweden and Charles IX of Sweden. In 1573, she married Clas Eriksson Fleming in the house of her sister, the Queen Dowager in Stockholm, and moved with him to Finland. She had three children during her marriage: the daughters Katarina, Hebla and Margareta, and her son Johan Fleming. In 1594, her spouse was appointed Governor-General of Finland. Title: Annie Besant Passage: Annie Besant Annie Besant (1847 - 10 - 01) 1 October 1847 Clapham, London, UK 20 September 1933 (1933 - 09 - 20) (aged 85) Adyar, Madras Presidency, British India Nationality British Known for Theosophist, women's rights activist, writer and orator Political party Indian National Congress Movement Indian independence movement Spouse (s) Frank Besant (m. 1867; div. 1873) Children Arthur, Mabel Title: Maria Luisa of Savoy Passage: Maria Luisa of Savoy (Maria Luisa Gabriella; 17 September 1688 – 14 February 1714) was a queen consort of Spain by marriage to Philip V of Spain. She acted as Regent of Spain during the absence of her spouse from 1702 until 1703, and had great influence over him as his adviser, while she was herself in turn influenced by the Princesse des Ursins. Title: Antarctica Passage: The Argentine, British and Chilean claims all overlap, and have caused friction. On 18 December 2012, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office named a previously unnamed area Queen Elizabeth Land in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee. On 22 December 2012, the UK ambassador to Argentina, John Freeman, was summoned to the Argentine government as protest against the claim. Argentine–UK relations had previously been damaged throughout 2012 due to disputes over the sovereignty of the nearby Falkland Islands, and the 30th anniversary of the Falklands War. Title: History of Canada Passage: In 1981, the Canadian House of Commons and Senate passed a resolution requesting that the British Parliament enact a package of constitutional amendments which would end the last powers of the British Parliament to legislate for Canada and would create an entirely Canadian process for constitutional amendments. The resolution set out the text of the proposed Canada Act, which also included the text of the Constitution Act, 1982. The British Parliament duly passed the Canada Act 1982, the Queen granting Royal Assent on March 29, 1982, 115 years to the day since Queen Victoria granted Royal Assent to the Constitution Act, 1867. On April 17, 1982, the Queen signed the Proclamation on the grounds of Parliament Hill in Ottawa bringing the Constitution Act, 1982 into force, thus patriating the Constitution of Canada. Previously, the main portions of the constitution had existed only as an act passed of the British parliament, though under the terms of the Statute of Westminster, it could not be altered without Canadian consent. Canada had established complete sovereignty as an independent country, with the Queen's role as monarch of Canada separate from her role as the British monarch or the monarch of any of the other Commonwealth realms. Title: Bohemian Rhapsody (film) Passage: Bohemian Rhapsody is an upcoming biographical film about the British rock band Queen, focusing on lead singer Freddie Mercury's life and leading up to Queen's Live Aid performance in 1985. The film is a British and American venture produced by 20th Century Fox, New Regency, GK Films and Queen Films, with Fox serving as its distributor. It was directed by Bryan Singer, written by Anthony McCarten and stars Rami Malek as Mercury, with Lucy Boynton, Gwilym Lee, Ben Hardy, Joseph Mazzello, Aidan Gillen, Tom Hollander, Allen Leech, and Mike Myers in supporting roles. Queen founding members Brian May and Roger Taylor and Queen manager Jim Beach serve as producers. Title: List of British monarchy records Passage: The longest - lived British monarch and ruler is Queen Elizabeth II, the current monarch, who is aged 7004334780000000000 ♠ 91 years, 240 days. Title: Jubilee bust of Queen Victoria Passage: The Jubilee bust of Queen Victoria is a sculpted bust of Queen Victoria, made as an official commemoration her 1887 golden jubilee by the sculptor Francis John Williamson. Many copies were made, and distributed throughout the British Empire. Title: White Queen (Through the Looking-Glass) Passage: White Queen Alice character Alice and the White Queen. Art by John Tenniel (1865) First appearance Through the Looking - Glass Created by Lewis Carroll Portrayed by Anne Hathaway (Alice in Wonderland, Alice Through the Looking Glass) Emma Rigby (Once Upon a Time in Wonderland) Information Species Human Gender Female Occupation Queen Spouse (s) White King Children Lily (a pawn) Nationality Looking - Glass Land Title: Gold Harbour, British Columbia Passage: Gold Harbour, was a gold and silver mine and camp on Mitchell Inlet, part of Tasu Sound on Moresby Island in the Queen Charlotte Islands of the North Coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is notable as the location of the first lode mine worked in what is now British Columbia. Title: Esther Passage: Esther Queen of Persia Queen Esther (1879) by Edwin Long Queen of Persia Reign c. 479 -- c. 465 BC Coronation c. 479 Predecessor Vashti Hadassah c. 492 BC Achaemenid Empire Burial Hamadan, Iran Spouse King Xerxes I of Persia House Persia Father Abihail (biological), Mordecai (adoptive) Religion Judaism Title: Elizabeth II Passage: In May 2007, The Daily Telegraph, citing unnamed sources, reported that the Queen was "exasperated and frustrated" by the policies of the British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, that she was concerned the British Armed Forces were overstretched in Iraq and Afghanistan, and that she had raised concerns over rural and countryside issues with Blair. She was, however, said to admire Blair's efforts to achieve peace in Northern Ireland. On 20 March 2008, at the Church of Ireland St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh, the Queen attended the first Maundy service held outside England and Wales. At the invitation of the Irish President, Mary McAleese, the Queen made the first state visit to the Republic of Ireland by a British monarch in May 2011.	[ "Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth", "British Empire" ]
2hop__62369_84616	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Breakfast Creek (Aboriginal: Barrambin) is a small urban stream that is a tributary of the Brisbane River, located in suburban Brisbane in the South East region of Queensland, Australia.", "title": "Breakfast Creek" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While performing as a backup singer and dancer for the French disco artist Patrick Hernandez on his 1979 world tour, Madonna became romantically involved with musician Dan Gilroy. Together, they formed her first rock band, the Breakfast Club, for which Madonna sang and played drums and guitar. In 1980 or 1981 she left Breakfast Club and, with her former boyfriend Stephen Bray as drummer, formed the band Emmy. The two began writing songs together, and Madonna later decided to market herself as a solo act. Their music impressed DJ and record producer Mark Kamins who arranged a meeting between Madonna and Sire Records founder Seymour Stein.", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fists of Legend () is a 2013 South Korean sports drama film directed by Kang Woo-suk. It is based on the popular webtoon of the same title written by Lee Jong-gyu and illustrated by Lee Yoon-gyun. The film stars Hwang Jung-min, Yoo Jun-sang, Yoon Je-moon, Lee Yo-won, and Jung Woong-in.", "title": "Fists of Legend" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Andy Blankenbuehler (born March 7, 1970) is an American dancer, choreographer and director primarily for stage and concerts. He has been nominated for the Tony Award for Best Choreography five times, and has won three times: for \"In the Heights\" (2008), \"Hamilton\" (2016), and \"Bandstand\" (2017). Blankenbuehler's other Broadway choreography work includes \"9 to 5, Bring it On: The Musical\", and the 2016 \"Cats\" revival. Blankenbuehler was awarded the Kennedy Center Honor in 2018. He is currently choreographing the movie version of \"Cats\".", "title": "Andy Blankenbuehler" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Newstead House is Brisbane's oldest surviving residence and is located on the Breakfast Creek bank of the Brisbane River, in the northern Brisbane suburb of Newstead, in Queensland, Australia. Built as a small cottage in the Colonial-Georgian style in 1846, the cottage was extended and today is painted and furnished in a late Victorian style.", "title": "Newstead House, Brisbane" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``On the Good Ship Lollipop ''was the signature song of child actress Shirley Temple. Temple first sang it in the 1934 movie Bright Eyes. The song was composed by Richard A. Whiting and the lyrics were supplied by Sidney Clare.", "title": "On the Good Ship Lollipop" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tiffany Lam or Tiffany Lam Man Lei (, born 25 October 1980) is a former beauty queen from San Francisco. She held the title of Miss Hong Kong 2002 and Miss Chinese International 2003 runner up.", "title": "Tiffany Lam" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tiffany Blue is the colloquial name for the light medium robin egg blue color associated with Tiffany & Co., the New York City jewelry company created by Charles Tiffany and John Young in 1837. The color was used on the cover of Tiffany's \"Blue Book\", first published in 1845. Since then, Tiffany & Co. has used the color extensively on promotional materials like boxes and bags.", "title": "Tiffany Blue" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the original Broadway production, ``Some Enchanted Evening ''was sung by former Metropolitan Opera bass Ezio Pinza. Pinza won the Tony Award for Best Actor in 1950 for this role, and the song made him a favorite with audiences and listeners who normally did not attend or listen to opera. In the 2001 London revival of the show, Philip Quast won an Olivier Award for Best Actor for his role as Emile, and seven years later, international opera singer Paulo Szot won a Tony for his portrayal in the 2008 New York revival.", "title": "Some Enchanted Evening" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Garbage Picking Field Goal Kicking Philadelphia Phenomenon (also known simply as The Philadelphia Phenomenon) is a 1998 television movie starring Tony Danza from Walt Disney Pictures.", "title": "The Garbage Picking Field Goal Kicking Philadelphia Phenomenon" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saturday Breakfast was a New Zealand morning news and talkshow based on \"Breakfast\", that aired on Saturday mornings from 7-9am from 3 September 2011 until 15 December 2012 on TV One.", "title": "Saturday Breakfast" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Breakfast at Tiffany's ''Single by Deep Blue Something from the album 11th Song and Home Released July 4, 1995 Format CD single, music cassette Recorded Genre Alternative rock, pop rock, jangle pop Length 4: 16 Label Interscope Songwriter (s) Todd Pipes Producer (s) David Castell Deep Blue Something singles chronology`` Breakfast at Tiffany's'' (1995) ``Halo ''(1996)`` Breakfast at Tiffany's'' (1995) ``Halo ''(1996)", "title": "Breakfast at Tiffany's (song)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Audrey Hepburn received numerous awards and honors during her career. Hepburn won, or was nominated for, awards for her work in motion pictures, television, spoken - word recording, on stage, and humanitarian work. She was five - times nominated for an Academy Award, and was awarded the 1954 Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Roman Holiday and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 1993, post-humously, for her humanitarian work. She won a record three BAFTA Awards for Best British Actress in a Leading Role, from five nominations, and received a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992. Hepburn received 10 Golden Globe Award nominations, winning two, and was the recipient of the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1990. She also won the 1954 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine, and received a Special Tony Award in 1968.", "title": "List of awards and honours received by Audrey Hepburn" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tiffany Stiegler (born January 14, 1984) is an American figure skater who competed in both pair skating and ice dancing. Competing in pairs with her brother Johnnie Stiegler, she won the bronze medal at the 1998 Sparkassen Cup on Ice and placed fourth at the 1999 World Junior Championships.", "title": "Tiffany Stiegler" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daybreak Northern Ireland (previously \"GMTV Northern Ireland\") was the regional news strand for Northern Ireland provided for the ITV breakfast station ITV Breakfast.", "title": "Daybreak Northern Ireland" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``Moon River ''is a song composed by Henry Mancini with lyrics by Johnny Mercer. It was originally performed by Audrey Hepburn in the 1961 movie Breakfast at Tiffany's, winning an Academy Award for Best Original Song. The song also won the 1962 Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Song of the Year.", "title": "Moon River" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Breakfast at Tiffany's is a 1961 American romantic comedy film directed by Blake Edwards and written by George Axelrod, loosely based on Truman Capote's 1958 novella of the same name. Starring Audrey Hepburn and George Peppard, and featuring Patricia Neal, Buddy Ebsen, Martin Balsam, and Mickey Rooney, the film was initially released on October 5, 1961 by Paramount Pictures.", "title": "Breakfast at Tiffany's (film)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The company pioneered breakfast fast food with the introduction of the Egg McMuffin in 1972 when market research indicated that a quick breakfast would be welcomed by consumers. Five years later McDonald's added a full breakfast line to the menu, and by 1987 one - fourth of all breakfasts eaten out in the United States came from McDonald's restaurants. In test market locations, such as New York City, McDonald's added a full breakfast line to its menus in 1975.", "title": "History of McDonald's" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Endresen originally won the bronze medal as part of the Norwegian team in team jumping, together with Morten Djupvik, Geir Gulliksen, and Tony Andre Hansen. However the Norwegian team lost its bronze medal and finished tenth following the disqualification of Tony Andre Hansen.", "title": "Stein Endresen" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chucky and Tiffany are brought back by their child when he reads the inscription on the Heart of Damballa. When they see he has no genitals (though he generally appears and sounds like a boy) Tiffany sees it as proof the child is a girl and names it Glenda (feminizing the name, Glen, which Chucky had given to him previously). Seed of Chucky focuses on their capers in Hollywood, where a movie is being made about their urban legend. Now going by ``Tiffany Ray '', Tiffany plans to transport her soul into the body of Jennifer Tilly (who happens to be playing her in the film). They also plan to impregnate her and put Glen / Glenda's soul in the baby's body. Their plan is successful, as Tilly swiftly gives birth to two babies, a boy and a girl. This works out perfectly as Glen / Glenda has a split personality: a sweet and caring boy, and a homicidal girl. However, Chucky decides to remain a doll, seeing that being human is n't so great. Disturbed by this, Tiffany leaves Chucky, taking Glen / Glenda with her, causing Chucky to get angry.", "title": "Tiffany Valentine" } ]	What did the singer of "Moon River" in the movie Breakfast at Tiffany win a Tony for?	for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine	[ "leading role", "star", "leading actress", "lead" ]	Title: Saturday Breakfast Passage: Saturday Breakfast was a New Zealand morning news and talkshow based on "Breakfast", that aired on Saturday mornings from 7-9am from 3 September 2011 until 15 December 2012 on TV One. Title: Daybreak Northern Ireland Passage: Daybreak Northern Ireland (previously "GMTV Northern Ireland") was the regional news strand for Northern Ireland provided for the ITV breakfast station ITV Breakfast. Title: History of McDonald's Passage: The company pioneered breakfast fast food with the introduction of the Egg McMuffin in 1972 when market research indicated that a quick breakfast would be welcomed by consumers. Five years later McDonald's added a full breakfast line to the menu, and by 1987 one - fourth of all breakfasts eaten out in the United States came from McDonald's restaurants. In test market locations, such as New York City, McDonald's added a full breakfast line to its menus in 1975. Title: Breakfast at Tiffany's (song) Passage: ``Breakfast at Tiffany's ''Single by Deep Blue Something from the album 11th Song and Home Released July 4, 1995 Format CD single, music cassette Recorded Genre Alternative rock, pop rock, jangle pop Length 4: 16 Label Interscope Songwriter (s) Todd Pipes Producer (s) David Castell Deep Blue Something singles chronology`` Breakfast at Tiffany's'' (1995) ``Halo ''(1996)`` Breakfast at Tiffany's'' (1995) ``Halo ''(1996) Title: Moon River Passage: ``Moon River ''is a song composed by Henry Mancini with lyrics by Johnny Mercer. It was originally performed by Audrey Hepburn in the 1961 movie Breakfast at Tiffany's, winning an Academy Award for Best Original Song. The song also won the 1962 Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Song of the Year. Title: Newstead House, Brisbane Passage: Newstead House is Brisbane's oldest surviving residence and is located on the Breakfast Creek bank of the Brisbane River, in the northern Brisbane suburb of Newstead, in Queensland, Australia. Built as a small cottage in the Colonial-Georgian style in 1846, the cottage was extended and today is painted and furnished in a late Victorian style. Title: Fists of Legend Passage: Fists of Legend () is a 2013 South Korean sports drama film directed by Kang Woo-suk. It is based on the popular webtoon of the same title written by Lee Jong-gyu and illustrated by Lee Yoon-gyun. The film stars Hwang Jung-min, Yoo Jun-sang, Yoon Je-moon, Lee Yo-won, and Jung Woong-in. Title: Andy Blankenbuehler Passage: Andy Blankenbuehler (born March 7, 1970) is an American dancer, choreographer and director primarily for stage and concerts. He has been nominated for the Tony Award for Best Choreography five times, and has won three times: for "In the Heights" (2008), "Hamilton" (2016), and "Bandstand" (2017). Blankenbuehler's other Broadway choreography work includes "9 to 5, Bring it On: The Musical", and the 2016 "Cats" revival. Blankenbuehler was awarded the Kennedy Center Honor in 2018. He is currently choreographing the movie version of "Cats". Title: Breakfast Creek Passage: The Breakfast Creek (Aboriginal: Barrambin) is a small urban stream that is a tributary of the Brisbane River, located in suburban Brisbane in the South East region of Queensland, Australia. Title: Tiffany Stiegler Passage: Tiffany Stiegler (born January 14, 1984) is an American figure skater who competed in both pair skating and ice dancing. Competing in pairs with her brother Johnnie Stiegler, she won the bronze medal at the 1998 Sparkassen Cup on Ice and placed fourth at the 1999 World Junior Championships. Title: Tiffany Lam Passage: Tiffany Lam or Tiffany Lam Man Lei (, born 25 October 1980) is a former beauty queen from San Francisco. She held the title of Miss Hong Kong 2002 and Miss Chinese International 2003 runner up. Title: Stein Endresen Passage: At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Endresen originally won the bronze medal as part of the Norwegian team in team jumping, together with Morten Djupvik, Geir Gulliksen, and Tony Andre Hansen. However the Norwegian team lost its bronze medal and finished tenth following the disqualification of Tony Andre Hansen. Title: On the Good Ship Lollipop Passage: ``On the Good Ship Lollipop ''was the signature song of child actress Shirley Temple. Temple first sang it in the 1934 movie Bright Eyes. The song was composed by Richard A. Whiting and the lyrics were supplied by Sidney Clare. Title: Breakfast at Tiffany's (film) Passage: Breakfast at Tiffany's is a 1961 American romantic comedy film directed by Blake Edwards and written by George Axelrod, loosely based on Truman Capote's 1958 novella of the same name. Starring Audrey Hepburn and George Peppard, and featuring Patricia Neal, Buddy Ebsen, Martin Balsam, and Mickey Rooney, the film was initially released on October 5, 1961 by Paramount Pictures. Title: Tiffany Valentine Passage: Chucky and Tiffany are brought back by their child when he reads the inscription on the Heart of Damballa. When they see he has no genitals (though he generally appears and sounds like a boy) Tiffany sees it as proof the child is a girl and names it Glenda (feminizing the name, Glen, which Chucky had given to him previously). Seed of Chucky focuses on their capers in Hollywood, where a movie is being made about their urban legend. Now going by ``Tiffany Ray '', Tiffany plans to transport her soul into the body of Jennifer Tilly (who happens to be playing her in the film). They also plan to impregnate her and put Glen / Glenda's soul in the baby's body. Their plan is successful, as Tilly swiftly gives birth to two babies, a boy and a girl. This works out perfectly as Glen / Glenda has a split personality: a sweet and caring boy, and a homicidal girl. However, Chucky decides to remain a doll, seeing that being human is n't so great. Disturbed by this, Tiffany leaves Chucky, taking Glen / Glenda with her, causing Chucky to get angry. Title: The Garbage Picking Field Goal Kicking Philadelphia Phenomenon Passage: The Garbage Picking Field Goal Kicking Philadelphia Phenomenon (also known simply as The Philadelphia Phenomenon) is a 1998 television movie starring Tony Danza from Walt Disney Pictures. Title: Some Enchanted Evening Passage: In the original Broadway production, ``Some Enchanted Evening ''was sung by former Metropolitan Opera bass Ezio Pinza. Pinza won the Tony Award for Best Actor in 1950 for this role, and the song made him a favorite with audiences and listeners who normally did not attend or listen to opera. In the 2001 London revival of the show, Philip Quast won an Olivier Award for Best Actor for his role as Emile, and seven years later, international opera singer Paulo Szot won a Tony for his portrayal in the 2008 New York revival. Title: List of awards and honours received by Audrey Hepburn Passage: Audrey Hepburn received numerous awards and honors during her career. Hepburn won, or was nominated for, awards for her work in motion pictures, television, spoken - word recording, on stage, and humanitarian work. She was five - times nominated for an Academy Award, and was awarded the 1954 Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Roman Holiday and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 1993, post-humously, for her humanitarian work. She won a record three BAFTA Awards for Best British Actress in a Leading Role, from five nominations, and received a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992. Hepburn received 10 Golden Globe Award nominations, winning two, and was the recipient of the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1990. She also won the 1954 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine, and received a Special Tony Award in 1968. Title: Madonna (entertainer) Passage: While performing as a backup singer and dancer for the French disco artist Patrick Hernandez on his 1979 world tour, Madonna became romantically involved with musician Dan Gilroy. Together, they formed her first rock band, the Breakfast Club, for which Madonna sang and played drums and guitar. In 1980 or 1981 she left Breakfast Club and, with her former boyfriend Stephen Bray as drummer, formed the band Emmy. The two began writing songs together, and Madonna later decided to market herself as a solo act. Their music impressed DJ and record producer Mark Kamins who arranged a meeting between Madonna and Sire Records founder Seymour Stein. Title: Tiffany Blue Passage: Tiffany Blue is the colloquial name for the light medium robin egg blue color associated with Tiffany & Co., the New York City jewelry company created by Charles Tiffany and John Young in 1837. The color was used on the cover of Tiffany's "Blue Book", first published in 1845. Since then, Tiffany & Co. has used the color extensively on promotional materials like boxes and bags.	[ "List of awards and honours received by Audrey Hepburn", "Moon River" ]
2hop__742831_156034	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gaskins Run is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Montour County and Northumberland County, in Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Liberty Township, Montour County, Mahoning Township, Montour County. The watershed of the stream has an area of . At least one bridge crosses the stream. It is considered to be both a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery.", "title": "Gaskins Run" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hammersley Fork (also known as Hammersley Fork Creek) is a tributary of Kettle Creek in Potter County and Clinton County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Warton Township in Potter County and Leidy Township in Clinton County. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The main rock formation in the watershed is the Pottsville Formation. A number of bridges cross the stream.", "title": "Hammersley Fork" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Old (16th Avenue) Bailey Bridge was a bailey bridge located on 16th Avenue (York Regional Road 73) east of Reesor Road within Rouge Park in Markham, Ontario, Canada. The bridge crossed the Little Rouge Creek, a tributary of the Rouge River.", "title": "16th Avenue Bailey Bridge" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "West Branch Run (also known as West Branch Little Fishing Creek ) is a tributary of Little Fishing Creek in Lycoming County and Columbia County, in Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Jordan Township, Lycoming County and . The area of the stream's watershed is . The stream's only named tributary is Shingle Run. West Branch Run flows through a valley known as California Hollow, which is listed as a \"locally significant site\" on the Columbia County Natural Areas Inventory. The Shoemaker Covered Bridge also crosses the stream, as does at least one other bridge in Lycoming County.", "title": "West Branch Run" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mud Run is a tributary of Green Creek in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is long and flows through Greenwood Township. The stream's watershed has an area of 13.3 square miles and is located in Greenwood Township, Orange Township, and Mount Pleasant Township. The stream is in the ridge and valley physiographic province. Its annual load of sediment is . The Kramer Covered Bridge crosses the stream.", "title": "Mud Run (Green Creek tributary)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Konrad Adenauer Bridge (in German: Konrad-Adenauer-Brücke) is one of two road bridges crossing the Rhine between the German cities of Mannheim and Ludwigshafen am Rhein. The other bridge is the Kurt Schumacher Bridge.", "title": "Konrad Adenauer Bridge" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dartford-Thurrock River Crossing, commonly known as the Dartford Crossing and until 1991 the Dartford Tunnel, is a major road crossing of the River Thames in England, carrying the A282 road between Dartford in Kent in the south and Thurrock in Essex in the north. It consists of two bored tunnels and the cable-stayed Queen Elizabeth II Bridge. The only fixed road crossing of the Thames east of Greater London, it is the busiest estuarial crossing in the United Kingdom, with an average daily use of over 130,000 vehicles. It opened in stages: the west tunnel in 1963, the east tunnel in 1980 and the bridge in 1991. The crossing, although not officially designated a motorway, is considered part of the M25 motorway's route, using the tunnels northbound and bridge southbound. Described as one of the most important road crossings in Britain, it suffers from heavy traffic and congestion.", "title": "Dartford Crossing" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blackfriars Railway Bridge is a railway bridge crossing the River Thames in London, between Blackfriars Bridge and the Millennium Bridge.", "title": "Blackfriars Railway Bridge" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Marquette–Joliet Bridge is a bridge crossing the Mississippi River, connecting Marquette, Iowa and Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. Local residents refer to the bridge as the Prairie Bridge or the Marquette Bridge; both terms are used equally.", "title": "Marquette–Joliet Bridge" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Petroleum Street Bridge is a girder bridge connecting the North Side and South Side neighborhoods of Oil City, Pennsylvania and crosses the Allegheny River. The bridge sits just downstream from the confluence of Oil Creek and the Allegheny River. The 1995 structure carries two lanes of U.S. Route 62 and was built during a decade of major refurbishments of Upper Allegheny crossings. Previously, a 1910 truss bridge stood on the site; this structure replaced an earlier wooden bridge.", "title": "Petroleum Street Bridge" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Delaware Memorial Bridge is a twin suspension bridge crossing the Delaware River. The toll bridges carry Interstate 295 and U.S. Route 40 between Delaware and New Jersey. The bridge was designed by the firm known today as HNTB with consulting help from engineer Othmar Ammann, whose other designs include the Walt Whitman Bridge (which is similar in appearance, except for the fact that it is a single span) and Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge. It is also one of only two crossings of the Delaware River with both U.S. Highway and Interstate Highway designations, the other being the Benjamin Franklin Bridge.", "title": "Delaware Memorial Bridge" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ledyard Bridge crosses the Connecticut River to connect Hanover, New Hampshire to Norwich, Vermont. It is the third bridge at this crossing to bear the name of the adventurer John Ledyard.", "title": "Ledyard Bridge" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wami Bridge is a bridge in Tanzania that crosses the Wami River. It lies on the A14 highway between Chalinze and Segera junctions.", "title": "Wami Bridge" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Taemas Bridge is a two-lane road bridge crossing the Murrumbidgee River in New South Wales, Australia. The bridge crosses on the river just before it enters Lake Burrinjuck, which has been created by the Burrinjuck Dam. The bridge is a key part of the road between Yass and Wee Jasper, and from there, to Tumut. The bridge is around 26 kilometres from Yass and 22 kilometres from Wee Jasper. The current bridge was completed in 1931 and is over 200 metres in length.", "title": "Taemas Bridge" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Saint-Maurice River (Atikamekw: \"Tapiskwan sipi\") flows North to South in central Quebec from Gouin Reservoir to empty into the Saint Lawrence River at Trois-Rivières, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. From its source at Gouin Reservoir, located at the same latitude as the Lac Saint-Jean, the river has a total drop of about 405 meters, to finally reach the St. Lawrence river at Trois-Rivières. The river is 563 km in length and has a drainage basin of 43,300 km² (16,700 sq.miles). Saint-Maurice river is one of the most important tributaries of the St. Lawrence river.", "title": "Saint-Maurice River" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hochdonn High Bridge (\"Hochbrücke Hochdonn\" in German) is a railway bridge in the Marsh Railway crossing the Kiel Canal near Hochdonn, Germany. It is a riveted steel bridge, \"exposed to extreme railway traffic\".", "title": "Hochdonn High Bridge" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Napan River in Canada is a tributary of the Miramichi River in New Brunswick, Canada. The river rises several kilometres southwest of Chatham in central Northumberland County and flows northeast into the Miramichi River at Napan Bay. Four bridges cross the river at various points: at Hannah Lane, Highway 11, Johnston Lane, and Highway 117. There was also once a crossing at White Lane. At one time, these bridges were covered, although all have been upgraded to steel and concrete structures.", "title": "Napan River" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fort Nelson, a historic Hudson's Bay Company trading post, was at the mouth of the Nelson River at Hudson Bay and was a key trading post in the early 18th century. After his pivotal role in establishing the Hudson's Bay Company, Pierre Esprit Radisson, noted French explorer, was chief director of trade at Fort Nelson during one of his sustained periods of service to England. Today, Fort Nelson no longer exists. Port Nelson, the abandoned shipping port, remains on the opposite side of the river mouth on Hudson Bay.", "title": "Nelson River" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Kichi Sipi Bridge spans a deep channel of the Nelson River south of Cross Lake, providing the only all-weather road link between eastern Manitoba and the rest of Canada and North America. Its origins are unusual and its technology innovative. At 850 feet, it is the second longest road bridge in Manitoba.", "title": "Kichi Sipi Bridge" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Werra viaducts near Hedemünden, Germany are two bridges crossing the valley of the river Werra. They are located in southern Lower Saxony and provide crossings for the A 7 motorway and the Hanover-Würzburg high-speed rail line. The bridges are located 33 metres apart from each other.", "title": "Werra Viaduct, Hedemünden" } ]	Of which river is the river Kichi Sipi Bridge crosses a tributary?	Hudson's Bay	[ "Hudson Bay", "HB" ]	Title: Kichi Sipi Bridge Passage: The Kichi Sipi Bridge spans a deep channel of the Nelson River south of Cross Lake, providing the only all-weather road link between eastern Manitoba and the rest of Canada and North America. Its origins are unusual and its technology innovative. At 850 feet, it is the second longest road bridge in Manitoba. Title: Blackfriars Railway Bridge Passage: Blackfriars Railway Bridge is a railway bridge crossing the River Thames in London, between Blackfriars Bridge and the Millennium Bridge. Title: Petroleum Street Bridge Passage: The Petroleum Street Bridge is a girder bridge connecting the North Side and South Side neighborhoods of Oil City, Pennsylvania and crosses the Allegheny River. The bridge sits just downstream from the confluence of Oil Creek and the Allegheny River. The 1995 structure carries two lanes of U.S. Route 62 and was built during a decade of major refurbishments of Upper Allegheny crossings. Previously, a 1910 truss bridge stood on the site; this structure replaced an earlier wooden bridge. Title: West Branch Run Passage: West Branch Run (also known as West Branch Little Fishing Creek ) is a tributary of Little Fishing Creek in Lycoming County and Columbia County, in Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Jordan Township, Lycoming County and . The area of the stream's watershed is . The stream's only named tributary is Shingle Run. West Branch Run flows through a valley known as California Hollow, which is listed as a "locally significant site" on the Columbia County Natural Areas Inventory. The Shoemaker Covered Bridge also crosses the stream, as does at least one other bridge in Lycoming County. Title: Hochdonn High Bridge Passage: The Hochdonn High Bridge ("Hochbrücke Hochdonn" in German) is a railway bridge in the Marsh Railway crossing the Kiel Canal near Hochdonn, Germany. It is a riveted steel bridge, "exposed to extreme railway traffic". Title: Nelson River Passage: Fort Nelson, a historic Hudson's Bay Company trading post, was at the mouth of the Nelson River at Hudson Bay and was a key trading post in the early 18th century. After his pivotal role in establishing the Hudson's Bay Company, Pierre Esprit Radisson, noted French explorer, was chief director of trade at Fort Nelson during one of his sustained periods of service to England. Today, Fort Nelson no longer exists. Port Nelson, the abandoned shipping port, remains on the opposite side of the river mouth on Hudson Bay. Title: Delaware Memorial Bridge Passage: The Delaware Memorial Bridge is a twin suspension bridge crossing the Delaware River. The toll bridges carry Interstate 295 and U.S. Route 40 between Delaware and New Jersey. The bridge was designed by the firm known today as HNTB with consulting help from engineer Othmar Ammann, whose other designs include the Walt Whitman Bridge (which is similar in appearance, except for the fact that it is a single span) and Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge. It is also one of only two crossings of the Delaware River with both U.S. Highway and Interstate Highway designations, the other being the Benjamin Franklin Bridge. Title: Saint-Maurice River Passage: The Saint-Maurice River (Atikamekw: "Tapiskwan sipi") flows North to South in central Quebec from Gouin Reservoir to empty into the Saint Lawrence River at Trois-Rivières, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. From its source at Gouin Reservoir, located at the same latitude as the Lac Saint-Jean, the river has a total drop of about 405 meters, to finally reach the St. Lawrence river at Trois-Rivières. The river is 563 km in length and has a drainage basin of 43,300 km² (16,700 sq.miles). Saint-Maurice river is one of the most important tributaries of the St. Lawrence river. Title: Dartford Crossing Passage: The Dartford-Thurrock River Crossing, commonly known as the Dartford Crossing and until 1991 the Dartford Tunnel, is a major road crossing of the River Thames in England, carrying the A282 road between Dartford in Kent in the south and Thurrock in Essex in the north. It consists of two bored tunnels and the cable-stayed Queen Elizabeth II Bridge. The only fixed road crossing of the Thames east of Greater London, it is the busiest estuarial crossing in the United Kingdom, with an average daily use of over 130,000 vehicles. It opened in stages: the west tunnel in 1963, the east tunnel in 1980 and the bridge in 1991. The crossing, although not officially designated a motorway, is considered part of the M25 motorway's route, using the tunnels northbound and bridge southbound. Described as one of the most important road crossings in Britain, it suffers from heavy traffic and congestion. Title: Gaskins Run Passage: Gaskins Run is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Montour County and Northumberland County, in Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Liberty Township, Montour County, Mahoning Township, Montour County. The watershed of the stream has an area of . At least one bridge crosses the stream. It is considered to be both a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery. Title: Taemas Bridge Passage: The Taemas Bridge is a two-lane road bridge crossing the Murrumbidgee River in New South Wales, Australia. The bridge crosses on the river just before it enters Lake Burrinjuck, which has been created by the Burrinjuck Dam. The bridge is a key part of the road between Yass and Wee Jasper, and from there, to Tumut. The bridge is around 26 kilometres from Yass and 22 kilometres from Wee Jasper. The current bridge was completed in 1931 and is over 200 metres in length. Title: Marquette–Joliet Bridge Passage: The Marquette–Joliet Bridge is a bridge crossing the Mississippi River, connecting Marquette, Iowa and Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. Local residents refer to the bridge as the Prairie Bridge or the Marquette Bridge; both terms are used equally. Title: Wami Bridge Passage: Wami Bridge is a bridge in Tanzania that crosses the Wami River. It lies on the A14 highway between Chalinze and Segera junctions. Title: Napan River Passage: The Napan River in Canada is a tributary of the Miramichi River in New Brunswick, Canada. The river rises several kilometres southwest of Chatham in central Northumberland County and flows northeast into the Miramichi River at Napan Bay. Four bridges cross the river at various points: at Hannah Lane, Highway 11, Johnston Lane, and Highway 117. There was also once a crossing at White Lane. At one time, these bridges were covered, although all have been upgraded to steel and concrete structures. Title: Hammersley Fork Passage: Hammersley Fork (also known as Hammersley Fork Creek) is a tributary of Kettle Creek in Potter County and Clinton County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Warton Township in Potter County and Leidy Township in Clinton County. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The main rock formation in the watershed is the Pottsville Formation. A number of bridges cross the stream. Title: Mud Run (Green Creek tributary) Passage: Mud Run is a tributary of Green Creek in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is long and flows through Greenwood Township. The stream's watershed has an area of 13.3 square miles and is located in Greenwood Township, Orange Township, and Mount Pleasant Township. The stream is in the ridge and valley physiographic province. Its annual load of sediment is . The Kramer Covered Bridge crosses the stream. Title: Ledyard Bridge Passage: The Ledyard Bridge crosses the Connecticut River to connect Hanover, New Hampshire to Norwich, Vermont. It is the third bridge at this crossing to bear the name of the adventurer John Ledyard. Title: Werra Viaduct, Hedemünden Passage: The Werra viaducts near Hedemünden, Germany are two bridges crossing the valley of the river Werra. They are located in southern Lower Saxony and provide crossings for the A 7 motorway and the Hanover-Würzburg high-speed rail line. The bridges are located 33 metres apart from each other. Title: 16th Avenue Bailey Bridge Passage: Old (16th Avenue) Bailey Bridge was a bailey bridge located on 16th Avenue (York Regional Road 73) east of Reesor Road within Rouge Park in Markham, Ontario, Canada. The bridge crossed the Little Rouge Creek, a tributary of the Rouge River. Title: Konrad Adenauer Bridge Passage: The Konrad Adenauer Bridge (in German: Konrad-Adenauer-Brücke) is one of two road bridges crossing the Rhine between the German cities of Mannheim and Ludwigshafen am Rhein. The other bridge is the Kurt Schumacher Bridge.	[ "Nelson River", "Kichi Sipi Bridge" ]
2hop__21104_16254	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There is also a trend of Orthodox movements pursuing secular Jews in order to give them a stronger Jewish identity so there is less chance of intermarriage. As a result of the efforts by these and other Jewish groups over the past 25 years, there has been a trend (known as the Baal Teshuva movement) for secular Jews to become more religiously observant, though the demographic implications of the trend are unknown. Additionally, there is also a growing rate of conversion to Jews by Choice of gentiles who make the decision to head in the direction of becoming Jews.", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ashkenazi Jews represent the bulk of modern Jewry, with at least 70% of Jews worldwide (and up to 90% prior to World War II and the Holocaust). As a result of their emigration from Europe, Ashkenazim also represent the overwhelming majority of Jews in the New World continents, in countries such as the United States, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and Brazil. In France, the immigration of Jews from Algeria (Sephardim) has led them to outnumber the Ashkenazim. Only in Israel is the Jewish population representative of all groups, a melting pot independent of each group's proportion within the overall world Jewish population.", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Genetic studies on Jews show that most Jews worldwide bear a common genetic heritage which originates in the Middle East, and that they bear their strongest resemblance to the peoples of the Fertile Crescent. The genetic composition of different Jewish groups shows that Jews share a common genetic pool dating back 4,000 years, as a marker of their common ancestral origin. Despite their long-term separation and beside their shared genetic origin, Jews also maintained a common culture, tradition, and language.", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi make up less than 74% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jews also spread across Europe during the period. Communities were established in Germany and England in the 11th and 12th centuries, but Spanish Jews, long settled in Spain under the Muslims, came under Christian rule and increasing pressure to convert to Christianity. Most Jews were confined to the cities, as they were not allowed to own land or be peasants.[U] Besides the Jews, there were other non-Christians on the edges of Europe—pagan Slavs in Eastern Europe and Muslims in Southern Europe.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Luke -- Acts is an attempt to answer a theological problem, namely how the Messiah of the Jews came to have an overwhelmingly non-Jewish church; the answer it provides, and its central theme, is that the message of Christ was sent to the Gentiles because the Jews rejected it. Luke -- Acts can be also seen as a defense of (or ``apology ''for) the Jesus movement addressed to the Jews: the bulk of the speeches and sermons in Acts are addressed to Jewish audiences, with the Romans serving as external arbiters on disputes concerning Jewish customs and law. On the one hand Luke portrays the Christians as a sect of the Jews, and therefore entitled to legal protection as a recognised religion; on the other, Luke seems unclear as to the future God intends for Jews and Christians, celebrating the Jewishness of Jesus and his immediate followers while also stressing how the Jews had rejected God's promised Messiah.", "title": "Acts of the Apostles" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In September 1941, through the \"Action Lauterbacher\" plan, a ghettoisation of the remaining Hanoverian Jewish families began. Even before the Wannsee Conference, on 15 December 1941, the first Jews from Hanover were deported to Riga. A total of 2,400 people were deported, and very few survived. During the war seven concentration camps were constructed in Hanover, in which many Jews were confined. Of the approximately 4,800 Jews who had lived in Hannover in 1938, fewer than 100 were still in the city when troops of the United States Army arrived on 10 April 1945 to occupy Hanover at the end of the war.[citation needed] Today, a memorial at the Opera Square is a reminder of the persecution of the Jews in Hanover. After the war a large group of Orthodox Jewish survivors of the nearby Bergen-Belsen concentration camp settled in Hanover.", "title": "Hanover" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Syria, Jews of both origins, numbering altogether fewer than 3,000 in 1987, are found. After a mass emigration in 1992, today fewer than 200 Jews live in Syria, mostly in the capital. Syrian Jews are Arabic-speaking and barely distinguishable from the Arabs around them. In Syria, as elsewhere, the degree to which Jews submit to the disciplines of their religion varies.", "title": "Religion in Syria" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Western Europe's largest Jewish community, and the third-largest Jewish community in the world, can be found in France, home to between 483,000 and 500,000 Jews, the majority of whom are immigrants or refugees from North African Arab countries such as Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia (or their descendants). The United Kingdom has a Jewish community of 292,000. In Eastern Europe, there are anywhere from 350,000 to one million Jews living in the former Soviet Union, but exact figures are difficult to establish. In Germany, the 102,000 Jews registered with the Jewish community are a slowly declining population, despite the immigration of tens of thousands of Jews from the former Soviet Union since the fall of the Berlin Wall. Thousands of Israelis also live in Germany, either permanently or temporarily, for economic reasons.", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pope St. Gregory stigmatized Judaism and the Jewish People in many of his writings. He described Jews as enemies of Christ: \"The more the Holy Spirit fills the world, the more perverse hatred dominates the souls of the Jews.\" He labeled all heresy as \"Jewish\", claiming that Judaism would \"pollute [Catholics and] deceive them with sacrilegious seduction.\" The identification of Jews and heretics in particular occurred several times in Roman-Christian law,", "title": "Heresy" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Religious Jews have Minhagim, customs, in addition to Halakha, or religious law, and different interpretations of law. Different groups of religious Jews in different geographic areas historically adopted different customs and interpretations. On certain issues, Orthodox Jews are required to follow the customs of their ancestors, and do not believe they have the option of picking and choosing. For this reason, observant Jews at times find it important for religious reasons to ascertain who their household's religious ancestors are in order to know what customs their household should follow. These times include, for example, when two Jews of different ethnic background marry, when a non-Jew converts to Judaism and determines what customs to follow for the first time, or when a lapsed or less observant Jew returns to traditional Judaism and must determine what was done in his or her family's past. In this sense, \"Ashkenazic\" refers both to a family ancestry and to a body of customs binding on Jews of that ancestry. Reform Judaism, which does not necessarily follow those minhagim, did nonetheless originate among Ashkenazi Jews.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Y DNA studies tend to imply a small number of founders in an old population whose members parted and followed different migration paths. In most Jewish populations, these male line ancestors appear to have been mainly Middle Eastern. For example, Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with other Jewish and Middle Eastern groups than with non-Jewish populations in areas where Jews lived in Eastern Europe, Germany and the French Rhine Valley. This is consistent with Jewish traditions in placing most Jewish paternal origins in the region of the Middle East. Conversely, the maternal lineages of Jewish populations, studied by looking at mitochondrial DNA, are generally more heterogeneous. Scholars such as Harry Ostrer and Raphael Falk believe this indicates that many Jewish males found new mates from European and other communities in the places where they migrated in the diaspora after fleeing ancient Israel. In contrast, Behar has found evidence that about 40% of Ashkenazi Jews originate maternally from just four female founders, who were of Middle Eastern origin. The populations of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jewish communities \"showed no evidence for a narrow founder effect.\" Subsequent studies carried out by Feder et al. confirmed the large portion of non-local maternal origin among Ashkenazi Jews. Reflecting on their findings related to the maternal origin of Ashkenazi Jews, the authors conclude \"Clearly, the differences between Jews and non-Jews are far larger than those observed among the Jewish communities. Hence, differences between the Jewish communities can be overlooked when non-Jews are included in the comparisons.\"", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melvin Kim Jew (born July 18, 1952) is an American photographer and entrepreneur, and the founder and owner of Kim Jew Photography in Albuquerque, New Mexico.", "title": "Kim Jew" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Israel was established as a homeland for the Jewish people and is often referred to as a Jewish state. The country's Law of Return grants all Jews and those of Jewish ancestry the right to Israeli citizenship. Over three quarters, or 75.5%, of the population are Jews from a diversity of Jewish backgrounds. Around 4% of Israelis (300,000), ethnically defined as \"others\", are Russian descendants of Jewish origin or family who are not Jewish according to rabbinical law, but were eligible for Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return. Approximately 75% of Israeli Jews are born in Israel, 17% are immigrants from Europe and the Americas, and 8% are immigrants from Asia and Africa (including the Arab World). Jews from Europe and the former Soviet Union and their descendants born in Israel, including Ashkenazi Jews, constitute approximately 50% of Jewish Israelis. Jews who left or fled Arab and Muslim countries and their descendants, including both Mizrahi and Sephardi Jews, form most of the rest of the Jewish population. Jewish intermarriage rates run at over 35% and recent studies suggest that the percentage of Israelis descended from both Sephardi and Ashkenazi Jews increases by 0.5 percent every year, with over 25% of school children now originating from both communities.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In this respect, the counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic, since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they are ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman who marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her children to be Ashkenazi Jews; conversely an Ashkenazi woman who marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man is expected to take on Sephardic practice and the children inherit a Sephardic identity, though in practice many families compromise. A convert generally follows the practice of the beth din that converted him or her. With the integration of Jews from around the world in Israel, North America, and other places, the religious definition of an Ashkenazi Jew is blurring, especially outside Orthodox Judaism.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 2010 study on Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. stated \"Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation of Ashkenazi Jewry\", as both groups – the Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews – shared common ancestors in the Middle East about 2500 years ago. The study examines genetic markers spread across the entire genome and shows that the Jewish groups (Ashkenazi and non Ashkenazi) share large swaths of DNA, indicating close relationships and that each of the Jewish groups in the study (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek and Ashkenazi) has its own genetic signature but is more closely related to the other Jewish groups than to their fellow non-Jewish countrymen. Atzmon's team found that the SNP markers in genetic segments of 3 million DNA letters or longer were 10 times more likely to be identical among Jews than non-Jews. Results of the analysis also tally with biblical accounts of the fate of the Jews. The study also found that with respect to non-Jewish European groups, the population most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews are modern-day Italians. The study speculated that the genetic-similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be due to inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire. It was also found that any two Ashkenazi Jewish participants in the study shared about as much DNA as fourth or fifth cousins.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group. The research demonstrates the endogamy of the Jewish population in Europe and lends further credence to the idea of Ashkenazi Jews as an ethnic group. Moreover, though intermarriage among Jews of Ashkenazi descent has become increasingly common, many Haredi Jews, particularly members of Hasidic or Hareidi sects, continue to marry exclusively fellow Ashkenazi Jews. This trend keeps Ashkenazi genes prevalent and also helps researchers further study the genes of Ashkenazi Jews with relative ease. It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of the Jews in Antwerp, Belgium goes back at least eight hundred years. Currently, the Jewish community of Antwerp consists of around 18,000.", "title": "History of the Jews in Antwerp" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since at least the time of the Ancient Greeks, a proportion of Jews have assimilated into the wider non-Jewish society around them, by either choice or force, ceasing to practice Judaism and losing their Jewish identity. Assimilation took place in all areas, and during all time periods, with some Jewish communities, for example the Kaifeng Jews of China, disappearing entirely. The advent of the Jewish Enlightenment of the 18th century (see Haskalah) and the subsequent emancipation of the Jewish populations of Europe and America in the 19th century, accelerated the situation, encouraging Jews to increasingly participate in, and become part of, secular society. The result has been a growing trend of assimilation, as Jews marry non-Jewish spouses and stop participating in the Jewish community.", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Of the estimated 8.8 million Jews living in Europe at the beginning of World War II, the majority of whom were Ashkenazi, about 6 million – more than two-thirds – were systematically murdered in the Holocaust. These included 3 million of 3.3 million Polish Jews (91%); 900,000 of 1.5 million in Ukraine (60%); and 50–90% of the Jews of other Slavic nations, Germany, Hungary, and the Baltic states, and over 25% of the Jews in France. Sephardi communities suffered similar depletions in a few countries, including Greece, the Netherlands and the former Yugoslavia. As the large majority of the victims were Ashkenazi Jews, their percentage dropped from nearly 92% of world Jewry in 1931 to nearly 80% of world Jewry today. The Holocaust also effectively put an end to the dynamic development of the Yiddish language in the previous decades, as the vast majority of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, around 5 million, were Yiddish speakers. Many of the surviving Ashkenazi Jews emigrated to countries such as Israel, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and the United States after the war.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" } ]	By 1931, what percentage of the world's Jews were the group that represents at least 70% of Jews worldwide?	92 percent	[]	Title: Jews Passage: There is also a trend of Orthodox movements pursuing secular Jews in order to give them a stronger Jewish identity so there is less chance of intermarriage. As a result of the efforts by these and other Jewish groups over the past 25 years, there has been a trend (known as the Baal Teshuva movement) for secular Jews to become more religiously observant, though the demographic implications of the trend are unknown. Additionally, there is also a growing rate of conversion to Jews by Choice of gentiles who make the decision to head in the direction of becoming Jews. Title: History of the Jews in Antwerp Passage: The history of the Jews in Antwerp, Belgium goes back at least eight hundred years. Currently, the Jewish community of Antwerp consists of around 18,000. Title: Jews Passage: Y DNA studies tend to imply a small number of founders in an old population whose members parted and followed different migration paths. In most Jewish populations, these male line ancestors appear to have been mainly Middle Eastern. For example, Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with other Jewish and Middle Eastern groups than with non-Jewish populations in areas where Jews lived in Eastern Europe, Germany and the French Rhine Valley. This is consistent with Jewish traditions in placing most Jewish paternal origins in the region of the Middle East. Conversely, the maternal lineages of Jewish populations, studied by looking at mitochondrial DNA, are generally more heterogeneous. Scholars such as Harry Ostrer and Raphael Falk believe this indicates that many Jewish males found new mates from European and other communities in the places where they migrated in the diaspora after fleeing ancient Israel. In contrast, Behar has found evidence that about 40% of Ashkenazi Jews originate maternally from just four female founders, who were of Middle Eastern origin. The populations of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jewish communities "showed no evidence for a narrow founder effect." Subsequent studies carried out by Feder et al. confirmed the large portion of non-local maternal origin among Ashkenazi Jews. Reflecting on their findings related to the maternal origin of Ashkenazi Jews, the authors conclude "Clearly, the differences between Jews and non-Jews are far larger than those observed among the Jewish communities. Hence, differences between the Jewish communities can be overlooked when non-Jews are included in the comparisons." Title: Religion in Syria Passage: In Syria, Jews of both origins, numbering altogether fewer than 3,000 in 1987, are found. After a mass emigration in 1992, today fewer than 200 Jews live in Syria, mostly in the capital. Syrian Jews are Arabic-speaking and barely distinguishable from the Arabs around them. In Syria, as elsewhere, the degree to which Jews submit to the disciplines of their religion varies. Title: Kim Jew Passage: Melvin Kim Jew (born July 18, 1952) is an American photographer and entrepreneur, and the founder and owner of Kim Jew Photography in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Title: Acts of the Apostles Passage: Luke -- Acts is an attempt to answer a theological problem, namely how the Messiah of the Jews came to have an overwhelmingly non-Jewish church; the answer it provides, and its central theme, is that the message of Christ was sent to the Gentiles because the Jews rejected it. Luke -- Acts can be also seen as a defense of (or ``apology ''for) the Jesus movement addressed to the Jews: the bulk of the speeches and sermons in Acts are addressed to Jewish audiences, with the Romans serving as external arbiters on disputes concerning Jewish customs and law. On the one hand Luke portrays the Christians as a sect of the Jews, and therefore entitled to legal protection as a recognised religion; on the other, Luke seems unclear as to the future God intends for Jews and Christians, celebrating the Jewishness of Jesus and his immediate followers while also stressing how the Jews had rejected God's promised Messiah. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group. The research demonstrates the endogamy of the Jewish population in Europe and lends further credence to the idea of Ashkenazi Jews as an ethnic group. Moreover, though intermarriage among Jews of Ashkenazi descent has become increasingly common, many Haredi Jews, particularly members of Hasidic or Hareidi sects, continue to marry exclusively fellow Ashkenazi Jews. This trend keeps Ashkenazi genes prevalent and also helps researchers further study the genes of Ashkenazi Jews with relative ease. It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families. Title: Israel Passage: Israel was established as a homeland for the Jewish people and is often referred to as a Jewish state. The country's Law of Return grants all Jews and those of Jewish ancestry the right to Israeli citizenship. Over three quarters, or 75.5%, of the population are Jews from a diversity of Jewish backgrounds. Around 4% of Israelis (300,000), ethnically defined as "others", are Russian descendants of Jewish origin or family who are not Jewish according to rabbinical law, but were eligible for Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return. Approximately 75% of Israeli Jews are born in Israel, 17% are immigrants from Europe and the Americas, and 8% are immigrants from Asia and Africa (including the Arab World). Jews from Europe and the former Soviet Union and their descendants born in Israel, including Ashkenazi Jews, constitute approximately 50% of Jewish Israelis. Jews who left or fled Arab and Muslim countries and their descendants, including both Mizrahi and Sephardi Jews, form most of the rest of the Jewish population. Jewish intermarriage rates run at over 35% and recent studies suggest that the percentage of Israelis descended from both Sephardi and Ashkenazi Jews increases by 0.5 percent every year, with over 25% of school children now originating from both communities. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi make up less than 74% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide. Title: Jews Passage: Western Europe's largest Jewish community, and the third-largest Jewish community in the world, can be found in France, home to between 483,000 and 500,000 Jews, the majority of whom are immigrants or refugees from North African Arab countries such as Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia (or their descendants). The United Kingdom has a Jewish community of 292,000. In Eastern Europe, there are anywhere from 350,000 to one million Jews living in the former Soviet Union, but exact figures are difficult to establish. In Germany, the 102,000 Jews registered with the Jewish community are a slowly declining population, despite the immigration of tens of thousands of Jews from the former Soviet Union since the fall of the Berlin Wall. Thousands of Israelis also live in Germany, either permanently or temporarily, for economic reasons. Title: Heresy Passage: Pope St. Gregory stigmatized Judaism and the Jewish People in many of his writings. He described Jews as enemies of Christ: "The more the Holy Spirit fills the world, the more perverse hatred dominates the souls of the Jews." He labeled all heresy as "Jewish", claiming that Judaism would "pollute [Catholics and] deceive them with sacrilegious seduction." The identification of Jews and heretics in particular occurred several times in Roman-Christian law, Title: Jews Passage: Ashkenazi Jews represent the bulk of modern Jewry, with at least 70% of Jews worldwide (and up to 90% prior to World War II and the Holocaust). As a result of their emigration from Europe, Ashkenazim also represent the overwhelming majority of Jews in the New World continents, in countries such as the United States, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and Brazil. In France, the immigration of Jews from Algeria (Sephardim) has led them to outnumber the Ashkenazim. Only in Israel is the Jewish population representative of all groups, a melting pot independent of each group's proportion within the overall world Jewish population. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: In this respect, the counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic, since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they are ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman who marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her children to be Ashkenazi Jews; conversely an Ashkenazi woman who marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man is expected to take on Sephardic practice and the children inherit a Sephardic identity, though in practice many families compromise. A convert generally follows the practice of the beth din that converted him or her. With the integration of Jews from around the world in Israel, North America, and other places, the religious definition of an Ashkenazi Jew is blurring, especially outside Orthodox Judaism. Title: Hanover Passage: In September 1941, through the "Action Lauterbacher" plan, a ghettoisation of the remaining Hanoverian Jewish families began. Even before the Wannsee Conference, on 15 December 1941, the first Jews from Hanover were deported to Riga. A total of 2,400 people were deported, and very few survived. During the war seven concentration camps were constructed in Hanover, in which many Jews were confined. Of the approximately 4,800 Jews who had lived in Hannover in 1938, fewer than 100 were still in the city when troops of the United States Army arrived on 10 April 1945 to occupy Hanover at the end of the war.[citation needed] Today, a memorial at the Opera Square is a reminder of the persecution of the Jews in Hanover. After the war a large group of Orthodox Jewish survivors of the nearby Bergen-Belsen concentration camp settled in Hanover. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2010 study on Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. stated "Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation of Ashkenazi Jewry", as both groups – the Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews – shared common ancestors in the Middle East about 2500 years ago. The study examines genetic markers spread across the entire genome and shows that the Jewish groups (Ashkenazi and non Ashkenazi) share large swaths of DNA, indicating close relationships and that each of the Jewish groups in the study (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek and Ashkenazi) has its own genetic signature but is more closely related to the other Jewish groups than to their fellow non-Jewish countrymen. Atzmon's team found that the SNP markers in genetic segments of 3 million DNA letters or longer were 10 times more likely to be identical among Jews than non-Jews. Results of the analysis also tally with biblical accounts of the fate of the Jews. The study also found that with respect to non-Jewish European groups, the population most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews are modern-day Italians. The study speculated that the genetic-similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be due to inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire. It was also found that any two Ashkenazi Jewish participants in the study shared about as much DNA as fourth or fifth cousins. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: Of the estimated 8.8 million Jews living in Europe at the beginning of World War II, the majority of whom were Ashkenazi, about 6 million – more than two-thirds – were systematically murdered in the Holocaust. These included 3 million of 3.3 million Polish Jews (91%); 900,000 of 1.5 million in Ukraine (60%); and 50–90% of the Jews of other Slavic nations, Germany, Hungary, and the Baltic states, and over 25% of the Jews in France. Sephardi communities suffered similar depletions in a few countries, including Greece, the Netherlands and the former Yugoslavia. As the large majority of the victims were Ashkenazi Jews, their percentage dropped from nearly 92% of world Jewry in 1931 to nearly 80% of world Jewry today. The Holocaust also effectively put an end to the dynamic development of the Yiddish language in the previous decades, as the vast majority of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, around 5 million, were Yiddish speakers. Many of the surviving Ashkenazi Jews emigrated to countries such as Israel, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and the United States after the war. Title: Jews Passage: Since at least the time of the Ancient Greeks, a proportion of Jews have assimilated into the wider non-Jewish society around them, by either choice or force, ceasing to practice Judaism and losing their Jewish identity. Assimilation took place in all areas, and during all time periods, with some Jewish communities, for example the Kaifeng Jews of China, disappearing entirely. The advent of the Jewish Enlightenment of the 18th century (see Haskalah) and the subsequent emancipation of the Jewish populations of Europe and America in the 19th century, accelerated the situation, encouraging Jews to increasingly participate in, and become part of, secular society. The result has been a growing trend of assimilation, as Jews marry non-Jewish spouses and stop participating in the Jewish community. Title: Middle Ages Passage: Jews also spread across Europe during the period. Communities were established in Germany and England in the 11th and 12th centuries, but Spanish Jews, long settled in Spain under the Muslims, came under Christian rule and increasing pressure to convert to Christianity. Most Jews were confined to the cities, as they were not allowed to own land or be peasants.[U] Besides the Jews, there were other non-Christians on the edges of Europe—pagan Slavs in Eastern Europe and Muslims in Southern Europe. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: Religious Jews have Minhagim, customs, in addition to Halakha, or religious law, and different interpretations of law. Different groups of religious Jews in different geographic areas historically adopted different customs and interpretations. On certain issues, Orthodox Jews are required to follow the customs of their ancestors, and do not believe they have the option of picking and choosing. For this reason, observant Jews at times find it important for religious reasons to ascertain who their household's religious ancestors are in order to know what customs their household should follow. These times include, for example, when two Jews of different ethnic background marry, when a non-Jew converts to Judaism and determines what customs to follow for the first time, or when a lapsed or less observant Jew returns to traditional Judaism and must determine what was done in his or her family's past. In this sense, "Ashkenazic" refers both to a family ancestry and to a body of customs binding on Jews of that ancestry. Reform Judaism, which does not necessarily follow those minhagim, did nonetheless originate among Ashkenazi Jews. Title: Jews Passage: Genetic studies on Jews show that most Jews worldwide bear a common genetic heritage which originates in the Middle East, and that they bear their strongest resemblance to the peoples of the Fertile Crescent. The genetic composition of different Jewish groups shows that Jews share a common genetic pool dating back 4,000 years, as a marker of their common ancestral origin. Despite their long-term separation and beside their shared genetic origin, Jews also maintained a common culture, tradition, and language.	[ "Jews", "Ashkenazi Jews" ]
2hop__84847_148696	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Robert Palk, 1st Baronet (December 1717 – 29 April 1798) of Haldon House in the parish of Kenn, in Devon, England, was an officer of the British East India Company who served as Governor of the Madras Presidency. In England he served as MP for Ashburton in 1767 and between 1774 and 1787 and for Wareham, between 1768 and 1774.", "title": "Sir Robert Palk, 1st Baronet" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The impeachment of Warren Hastings was a failed attempt between 1788 and 1795 to impeach the first Governor - General of India in the Parliament of Great Britain. Hastings was accused of misconduct during his time in Calcutta particularly relating to mismanagement and personal corruption. The prosecution was led by Edmund Burke and became a wider debate about the role of the East India Company and the expanding empire in India.", "title": "Impeachment of Warren Hastings" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Laurens Reael (22 October 1583 – 21 October 1637) was an employee of the Dutch East India Company, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1616 to 1619, and an admiral of the Dutch Republican Navy from 1625 to 1627.", "title": "Laurens Reael" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Throughout the British administration, Governors-General retreated to the Viceregal Lodge (Rashtrapati Niwas) at Shimla each summer to escape the heat, and the government of India moved with them. The Viceregal Lodge now houses the Indian Institute of Advanced Study.", "title": "Governor-General of India" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the company rule was brought to an end, and the British India along with princely states came under the direct rule of the Crown. The Government of India Act 1858 created the office of Secretary of State for India in 1858 to oversee the affairs of India, which was advised by a new Council of India with 15 members (based in London). The existing Council of Four was formally renamed as the Council of Governor General of India or Executive Council of India. The Council of India was later abolished by Government of India Act 1935.", "title": "List of governors-general of India" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "General Sir Charles James Napier, GCB (/ ˈneɪpɪər /; 10 August 1782 -- 29 August 1853), was an officer and veteran of the British Army's Peninsula, and 1812 campaigns, and later a Major General of the Bombay Army, during which period he led the military conquest of Sindh, before serving as the Governor of Sindh, and Commander - in - Chief in India.", "title": "Charles James Napier" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Upon independence in August 1947, the title of Viceroy was abolished. The representative of the British Sovereign became known once again as the Governor - General. C. Rajagopalachari became the only Indian Governor - General. However, once India acquired independence, the Governor - General's role became almost entirely ceremonial, with power being exercised on a day - to - day basis by the Indian cabinet. After the nation became a republic in 1950, the President of India continued to perform the same functions.", "title": "Governor-General of India" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Odisha High Court Established 26 July 1948 Country India Location Cuttack, Odisha Composition method Presidential with confirmation of Chief Justice of India and Governor of respective state. Authorized by Constitution of India Decisions are appealed to Supreme Court of India Judge term length Till 62 years of age No. of positions 22 Website http://www.orissahighcourt.nic.in Chief Justice Currently Hon'ble Shri Justice Kalpesh Satyendra Jhaveri Since 12 August 2018", "title": "Orissa High Court" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elphinstone Bridge is a bridge across the Adyar River in Chennai, India. Constructed in 1840 and named after the then Governor-General of India, the bridge is currently not in use and has been substituted with the newly built Thiru Vi. Ka. Bridge nearby.", "title": "Elphinstone Bridge, Chennai" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It was framed by Lord Wellesley, British Governor - General in India from 1798 to 1805. Early in his governorship, Wellesley adopted a policy of non-intervention in the princely states, but he later adopted the policy of forming subsidiary alliances, which played a major role in the expansion of British rule in India.", "title": "Subsidiary alliance" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "35 to be the President or Vice President, Governor and Lieutenant - Governor of the States as specified in the Constitution of India", "title": "Age of candidacy" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V, Emperor of India during the Delhi Durbar of 1911. It was designed by British architects, Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931, by Viceroy and Governor - General of India Lord Irwin.", "title": "New Delhi" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Solicitor General of India is below the Attorney General for India, who is the Indian government's chief legal advisor, and its primary lawyer in the Supreme Court of India. The Solicitor General of India is appointed for the period of 3 years. The Solicitor General of India is the secondary law officer of the country, assists the Attorney General, and is himself assisted by several Additional Solicitors General of India. Ranjit Kumar is the present Solicitor General who was appointed so on 7 June 2014 Like the Attorney General for India, the Solicitor General and the Additional Solicitors General advise the Government and appear on behalf of the Union of India in terms of the Law Officers (Terms and Conditions) Rules, 1972. However, unlike the post of Attorney General for India, which is a Constitutional post under Article 76 of the Constitution of India, the posts of the Solicitor General and the Additional Solicitors General are merely statutory. Appointments Committee of the Cabinet appoints the Solicitor General. Whereas Attorney General for India is appointed by the President under Article 76 (1) of the Constitution, the solicitor general of India is appointed to assist the attorney general along with four additional solicitors general by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet. The proposal for appointment of Solicitor General, Additional Solicitor General is generally moved at the, level of Joint secretary / Law Secretary in the Department of Legal Affairs and after obtaining the approval of the Minister of Law & Justice, the proposal is sent to the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet for its approval. He resigned from his position on October 20, 2017.", "title": "Solicitor General of India" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Viceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first Governor - General during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Monarch of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950", "title": "Governor-General of India" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Warren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818), an English statesman, was the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and thereby the first \"de facto\" Governor-General of India from 1774 to 1785. In 1787, he was accused of corruption and impeached, but after a long trial, he was acquitted in 1795. He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1814.", "title": "Warren Hastings" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Regulating Act 1773 provided for the election of four counsellors by the East India Company's Court of Directors. The Governor-General had a vote along with the counsellors, but he also had an additional vote to break ties. The decision of the Council was binding on the Governor-General.", "title": "Governor-General of India" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Léon Émile Clément-Thomas was Governor General for various colonies in the Second French Colonial Empire, notably that of Senegal from 1888 to 1890 and French India from 1891 to 1896. In 1893 Clément-Thomas was made an honorary Knight Commander of the Indian Empire by the Government of British India.", "title": "Léon Émile Clément-Thomas" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Parliament of India can pass a law to amend the Constitution and provide a Legislature with elected Members and a Chief Minister for a Union Territory, as it has done for Delhi and Puducherry. In general, The President of India appoints an administrator or lieutenant - governor for each UT. There are seven union territories, including Chandigarh, the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana.", "title": "Union territory" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The two terms are commonly used in the United States to describe members and nominees to the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, who have major influence on United States monetary policy both as Federal Reserve Governors and as members of the Federal Open Market Committee. The terms are also used outside of the United States, in places such as the United Kingdom and India. The term ``pigeon ''has been used to describe individuals who take positions between those of hawks and doves, although the term`` centrist'' is also used.", "title": "Monetary hawk and dove" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lieutenant General Sir Henry Pottinger, 1st Baronet, GCB, PC (Chinese: 砵甸乍; 3 October 1789 – 18 March 1856), was an Anglo-Irish soldier and colonial administrator who became the first Governor of Hong Kong.", "title": "Henry Pottinger" } ]	What is the position of the 1st governor general of India?	Governor-General of India	[ "Viceroy of India" ]	Title: Subsidiary alliance Passage: It was framed by Lord Wellesley, British Governor - General in India from 1798 to 1805. Early in his governorship, Wellesley adopted a policy of non-intervention in the princely states, but he later adopted the policy of forming subsidiary alliances, which played a major role in the expansion of British rule in India. Title: Sir Robert Palk, 1st Baronet Passage: Sir Robert Palk, 1st Baronet (December 1717 – 29 April 1798) of Haldon House in the parish of Kenn, in Devon, England, was an officer of the British East India Company who served as Governor of the Madras Presidency. In England he served as MP for Ashburton in 1767 and between 1774 and 1787 and for Wareham, between 1768 and 1774. Title: List of governors-general of India Passage: After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the company rule was brought to an end, and the British India along with princely states came under the direct rule of the Crown. The Government of India Act 1858 created the office of Secretary of State for India in 1858 to oversee the affairs of India, which was advised by a new Council of India with 15 members (based in London). The existing Council of Four was formally renamed as the Council of Governor General of India or Executive Council of India. The Council of India was later abolished by Government of India Act 1935. Title: Charles James Napier Passage: General Sir Charles James Napier, GCB (/ ˈneɪpɪər /; 10 August 1782 -- 29 August 1853), was an officer and veteran of the British Army's Peninsula, and 1812 campaigns, and later a Major General of the Bombay Army, during which period he led the military conquest of Sindh, before serving as the Governor of Sindh, and Commander - in - Chief in India. Title: Impeachment of Warren Hastings Passage: The impeachment of Warren Hastings was a failed attempt between 1788 and 1795 to impeach the first Governor - General of India in the Parliament of Great Britain. Hastings was accused of misconduct during his time in Calcutta particularly relating to mismanagement and personal corruption. The prosecution was led by Edmund Burke and became a wider debate about the role of the East India Company and the expanding empire in India. Title: New Delhi Passage: The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V, Emperor of India during the Delhi Durbar of 1911. It was designed by British architects, Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931, by Viceroy and Governor - General of India Lord Irwin. Title: Union territory Passage: The Parliament of India can pass a law to amend the Constitution and provide a Legislature with elected Members and a Chief Minister for a Union Territory, as it has done for Delhi and Puducherry. In general, The President of India appoints an administrator or lieutenant - governor for each UT. There are seven union territories, including Chandigarh, the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana. Title: Governor-General of India Passage: Upon independence in August 1947, the title of Viceroy was abolished. The representative of the British Sovereign became known once again as the Governor - General. C. Rajagopalachari became the only Indian Governor - General. However, once India acquired independence, the Governor - General's role became almost entirely ceremonial, with power being exercised on a day - to - day basis by the Indian cabinet. After the nation became a republic in 1950, the President of India continued to perform the same functions. Title: Henry Pottinger Passage: Lieutenant General Sir Henry Pottinger, 1st Baronet, GCB, PC (Chinese: 砵甸乍; 3 October 1789 – 18 March 1856), was an Anglo-Irish soldier and colonial administrator who became the first Governor of Hong Kong. Title: Governor-General of India Passage: Throughout the British administration, Governors-General retreated to the Viceregal Lodge (Rashtrapati Niwas) at Shimla each summer to escape the heat, and the government of India moved with them. The Viceregal Lodge now houses the Indian Institute of Advanced Study. Title: Solicitor General of India Passage: The Solicitor General of India is below the Attorney General for India, who is the Indian government's chief legal advisor, and its primary lawyer in the Supreme Court of India. The Solicitor General of India is appointed for the period of 3 years. The Solicitor General of India is the secondary law officer of the country, assists the Attorney General, and is himself assisted by several Additional Solicitors General of India. Ranjit Kumar is the present Solicitor General who was appointed so on 7 June 2014 Like the Attorney General for India, the Solicitor General and the Additional Solicitors General advise the Government and appear on behalf of the Union of India in terms of the Law Officers (Terms and Conditions) Rules, 1972. However, unlike the post of Attorney General for India, which is a Constitutional post under Article 76 of the Constitution of India, the posts of the Solicitor General and the Additional Solicitors General are merely statutory. Appointments Committee of the Cabinet appoints the Solicitor General. Whereas Attorney General for India is appointed by the President under Article 76 (1) of the Constitution, the solicitor general of India is appointed to assist the attorney general along with four additional solicitors general by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet. The proposal for appointment of Solicitor General, Additional Solicitor General is generally moved at the, level of Joint secretary / Law Secretary in the Department of Legal Affairs and after obtaining the approval of the Minister of Law & Justice, the proposal is sent to the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet for its approval. He resigned from his position on October 20, 2017. Title: Elphinstone Bridge, Chennai Passage: Elphinstone Bridge is a bridge across the Adyar River in Chennai, India. Constructed in 1840 and named after the then Governor-General of India, the bridge is currently not in use and has been substituted with the newly built Thiru Vi. Ka. Bridge nearby. Title: Age of candidacy Passage: 35 to be the President or Vice President, Governor and Lieutenant - Governor of the States as specified in the Constitution of India Title: Laurens Reael Passage: Laurens Reael (22 October 1583 – 21 October 1637) was an employee of the Dutch East India Company, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1616 to 1619, and an admiral of the Dutch Republican Navy from 1625 to 1627. Title: Governor-General of India Passage: Viceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first Governor - General during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Monarch of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950 Title: Léon Émile Clément-Thomas Passage: Léon Émile Clément-Thomas was Governor General for various colonies in the Second French Colonial Empire, notably that of Senegal from 1888 to 1890 and French India from 1891 to 1896. In 1893 Clément-Thomas was made an honorary Knight Commander of the Indian Empire by the Government of British India. Title: Monetary hawk and dove Passage: The two terms are commonly used in the United States to describe members and nominees to the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, who have major influence on United States monetary policy both as Federal Reserve Governors and as members of the Federal Open Market Committee. The terms are also used outside of the United States, in places such as the United Kingdom and India. The term ``pigeon ''has been used to describe individuals who take positions between those of hawks and doves, although the term`` centrist'' is also used. Title: Warren Hastings Passage: Warren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818), an English statesman, was the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and thereby the first "de facto" Governor-General of India from 1774 to 1785. In 1787, he was accused of corruption and impeached, but after a long trial, he was acquitted in 1795. He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1814. Title: Governor-General of India Passage: The Regulating Act 1773 provided for the election of four counsellors by the East India Company's Court of Directors. The Governor-General had a vote along with the counsellors, but he also had an additional vote to break ties. The decision of the Council was binding on the Governor-General. Title: Orissa High Court Passage: Odisha High Court Established 26 July 1948 Country India Location Cuttack, Odisha Composition method Presidential with confirmation of Chief Justice of India and Governor of respective state. Authorized by Constitution of India Decisions are appealed to Supreme Court of India Judge term length Till 62 years of age No. of positions 22 Website http://www.orissahighcourt.nic.in Chief Justice Currently Hon'ble Shri Justice Kalpesh Satyendra Jhaveri Since 12 August 2018	[ "Governor-General of India", "Warren Hastings" ]
2hop__301011_820181	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crawling Sky is a graphic novel adapted from a short story by Joe R. Lansdale by his son Keith Lansdale. It follows the further adventures of the Reverend Jedidiah Mercer. In this story he ventures into a decrepit unnamed town in East Texas. He soon learns the entire town is possessed by an evil entity. The Reverend soon meets", "title": "Crawling Sky" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.", "title": "Birth certificate" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kynoch Park is a football ground in Keith in the north-east Scotland, which is the home ground of Highland Football League side Keith F.C.. It is located on Balloch Road in the east of the town and has a capacity of 4,000 with 370 seated.", "title": "Kynoch Park" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level.", "title": "List of territorial entities where English is an official language" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Norton is a city in, and the county seat of, Norton County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 2,928.", "title": "Norton, Kansas" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "lex soli: By birth in the UK or a qualified British Overseas Territory to a parent who is a British citizen at the time of the birth, or to a parent who is settled in the UK or that Overseas Territory lex sanguinis: By birth abroad, which constitutes ``by descent ''if one of the parents is a British citizen otherwise than by descent (for example by birth, adoption, registration or naturalisation in the UK). British citizenship by descent is only transferable to one generation down from the parent who is a British citizen otherwise than by descent, if the child is born abroad. By naturalisation By registration By adoption", "title": "British nationality law" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "title": "Pangi Territory" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma.", "title": "Texas–Indian wars" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Keith Sebelius Lake, formerly known as Norton Reservoir, is a man-made reservoir on Prairie Dog Creek in northwest Kansas. Built and managed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, it is used for flood control, irrigation, recreation, and local water supply. Prairie Dog State Park is located on its shore.", "title": "Keith Sebelius Lake" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.", "title": "Dunbar Hospital" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Essex County Park Commission Administration Building is located in Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1916 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 11, 1977.", "title": "Essex County Park Commission Administration Building" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In a June 2008 speech, President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank Timothy Geithner—who in 2009 became Secretary of the United States Treasury—placed significant blame for the freezing of credit markets on a \"run\" on the entities in the \"parallel\" banking system, also called the shadow banking system. These entities became critical to the credit markets underpinning the financial system, but were not subject to the same regulatory controls. Further, these entities were vulnerable because of maturity mismatch, meaning that they borrowed short-term in liquid markets to purchase long-term, illiquid and risky assets. This meant that disruptions in credit markets would make them subject to rapid deleveraging, selling their long-term assets at depressed prices. He described the significance of these entities:", "title": "Tanzania" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "title": "Australia" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sant Martí d'Empúries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Empúries or Empòrion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Empúries moved to Castelló d'Empúries place less exposed to attack.", "title": "Sant Martí d'Empúries" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sebelius was born in Norton, Kansas, and grew up in Almena. His father, Carl, was a dentist whose parents were Swedish immigrants, while his mother, Minnie (\"née\" Peak), had roots in New York and Vermont. He attended Fort Hays State University and graduated in 1939. He earned a law degree from George Washington University in 1942 and returned to Norton to practice law. He served on the city council and as mayor. He also served in the Kansas State Senate. He became active in the Republican Party and ran for a U.S. House seat then held by Bob Dole, who was running for the U.S. Senate in 1968. He served for twelve years and was not a candidate for reelection in 1980. He died at age 65 and is buried in Norton, Kansas. His son, K. Gary Sebelius, is a federal magistrate judge and the husband of former Democratic Kansas Governor and former United States Secretary of Health and Human Services, Kathleen Sebelius.", "title": "Keith Sebelius" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy in 1922 brought profound changes to the colonial government in Eritrea. After \"il Duce\" declared the birth of Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (\"Africa Orientale Italiana\") administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\".", "title": "Italian Eritrea" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "title": "Tumaraa" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1922, Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy brought profound changes to the colonial government in Italian Eritrea. After il Duce declared the birth of the Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana) administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\". Eritrea was chosen by the Italian government to be the industrial center of Italian East Africa.", "title": "Eritrea" } ]	Which county is the birth place of Keith Sebelius located at?	Norton County	[ "Norton County, Kansas" ]	Title: Sant Martí d'Empúries Passage: Sant Martí d'Empúries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Empúries or Empòrion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Empúries moved to Castelló d'Empúries place less exposed to attack. Title: Texas–Indian wars Passage: Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma. Title: Pangi Territory Passage: Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi. Title: Italian Eritrea Passage: Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy in 1922 brought profound changes to the colonial government in Eritrea. After "il Duce" declared the birth of Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa ("Africa Orientale Italiana") administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a "new Roman Empire". Title: Kynoch Park Passage: Kynoch Park is a football ground in Keith in the north-east Scotland, which is the home ground of Highland Football League side Keith F.C.. It is located on Balloch Road in the east of the town and has a capacity of 4,000 with 370 seated. Title: Dunbar Hospital Passage: The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. Title: Eritrea Passage: In 1922, Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy brought profound changes to the colonial government in Italian Eritrea. After il Duce declared the birth of the Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana) administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a "new Roman Empire". Eritrea was chosen by the Italian government to be the industrial center of Italian East Africa. Title: Birth certificate Passage: In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory. Title: Cyprus Popular Bank Passage: Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group. Title: Keith Sebelius Passage: Sebelius was born in Norton, Kansas, and grew up in Almena. His father, Carl, was a dentist whose parents were Swedish immigrants, while his mother, Minnie ("née" Peak), had roots in New York and Vermont. He attended Fort Hays State University and graduated in 1939. He earned a law degree from George Washington University in 1942 and returned to Norton to practice law. He served on the city council and as mayor. He also served in the Kansas State Senate. He became active in the Republican Party and ran for a U.S. House seat then held by Bob Dole, who was running for the U.S. Senate in 1968. He served for twelve years and was not a candidate for reelection in 1980. He died at age 65 and is buried in Norton, Kansas. His son, K. Gary Sebelius, is a federal magistrate judge and the husband of former Democratic Kansas Governor and former United States Secretary of Health and Human Services, Kathleen Sebelius. Title: Norton, Kansas Passage: Norton is a city in, and the county seat of, Norton County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 2,928. Title: Federalism Passage: Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a "little constitution", called "organic law" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly. Title: British nationality law Passage: lex soli: By birth in the UK or a qualified British Overseas Territory to a parent who is a British citizen at the time of the birth, or to a parent who is settled in the UK or that Overseas Territory lex sanguinis: By birth abroad, which constitutes ``by descent ''if one of the parents is a British citizen otherwise than by descent (for example by birth, adoption, registration or naturalisation in the UK). British citizenship by descent is only transferable to one generation down from the parent who is a British citizen otherwise than by descent, if the child is born abroad. By naturalisation By registration By adoption Title: Australia Passage: Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales. Title: Keith Sebelius Lake Passage: Keith Sebelius Lake, formerly known as Norton Reservoir, is a man-made reservoir on Prairie Dog Creek in northwest Kansas. Built and managed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, it is used for flood control, irrigation, recreation, and local water supply. Prairie Dog State Park is located on its shore. Title: Tumaraa Passage: Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea. Title: Crawling Sky Passage: Crawling Sky is a graphic novel adapted from a short story by Joe R. Lansdale by his son Keith Lansdale. It follows the further adventures of the Reverend Jedidiah Mercer. In this story he ventures into a decrepit unnamed town in East Texas. He soon learns the entire town is possessed by an evil entity. The Reverend soon meets Title: List of territorial entities where English is an official language Passage: The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level. Title: Essex County Park Commission Administration Building Passage: The Essex County Park Commission Administration Building is located in Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1916 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 11, 1977. Title: Tanzania Passage: In a June 2008 speech, President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank Timothy Geithner—who in 2009 became Secretary of the United States Treasury—placed significant blame for the freezing of credit markets on a "run" on the entities in the "parallel" banking system, also called the shadow banking system. These entities became critical to the credit markets underpinning the financial system, but were not subject to the same regulatory controls. Further, these entities were vulnerable because of maturity mismatch, meaning that they borrowed short-term in liquid markets to purchase long-term, illiquid and risky assets. This meant that disruptions in credit markets would make them subject to rapid deleveraging, selling their long-term assets at depressed prices. He described the significance of these entities:	[ "Norton, Kansas", "Keith Sebelius" ]
2hop__96137_121319	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George Coe (May 10, 1929 -- July 18, 2015) was an American stage, film and television actor and voice artist. He did voice - over work in video games, movies and TV shows. He was a cast member for the first season of Saturday Night Live and voiced Woodhouse in Archer.", "title": "George Coe" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Millhagen was born in Stockholm and studied at Malmö Theatre Academy 1995–99. In 1997 she appeared at the Royal Dramatic Theatre in August Strindberg's \"Fadren\", directed by Staffan Valdemar Holm, and she is a regular cast member at that theatre.", "title": "Livia Millhagen" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Woman with a Lute, also known as Woman with a Lute Near a Window, is a painting created about 1662–1663 by Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer and now at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.", "title": "Woman with a Lute" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On August 19, 2014, casting began, with actor Mark Wahlberg added in the lead role of the film. Wahlberg plays Mike Williams, a real - life electronics technician on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig. On March 18, 2015, Gina Rodriguez was set to play a woman named Andrea Fleytas, who was on the bridge on board the Deepwater Horizon at the time of the blowout, and frantically tried to contact the Coast Guard. On April 10, 2015, Deadline reported that Dylan O'Brien was in talks to play Caleb Holloway. Kurt Russell joined the film on the same day O'Brien was in talks. Soon after, John Malkovich was confirmed cast, as a BP representative who fatally underestimates the dangers of working on the rig. Kate Hudson was announced as a cast member in May, 2015, and playing the wife of Wahlberg's character; her role will be her first on - screen pairing with Russell, her stepfather, although they shared no dialogue in the film.", "title": "Deepwater Horizon (film)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "To keep the show going, Lorne Michaels upgraded many of the show's writers to featured cast member status: Peter Aykroyd (Dan's brother), Jim Downey, Brian Doyle-Murray (Bill's brother), Don Novello, Tom Schiller and Alan Zweibel. Band leader Paul Shaffer also joined the cast, becoming the first person from the \"SNL\" band to become a cast member. Harry Shearer joined the show as a featured cast member and was promoted to repertory status during the season.", "title": "Saturday Night Live (season 5)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The video begins with a blonde woman, played by model and actress Lauren Hastings (allegedly portraying Britney Spears), walking out of her house hand - in - hand with an unidentified man. The couple leaves in the woman's car (a silver Porsche) as Timberlake rolls down the window of a black Mercedes, from which he and his friend have been watching the woman. Timberlake breaks into the house by throwing a rock through a window and proceeds through the woman's house, with anti-gravity jumps and slides, not causing any other visible damage, except for kicking a picture frame of the woman across the living room. Then he searches some drawers and finds a video camera, while the driver of the car, Timbaland, signals for his female accomplice in the back of the car, played by model Kiana Bessa, to go in. She enters the house and goes with Timberlake to a bedroom, where she starts to undress and kiss him while being filmed. They stay in the bedroom for a moment; then the accomplice exits the house but Timberlake stays. As the blonde woman returns, he follows her around the house and hides in a closet as she showers. He gets closer to her and touches the glass surrounding the shower. The blonde woman senses someone in the room and turns around, but Timberlake is gone. She leaves the bathroom and goes into her bedroom, where the video he made with his new lover plays on the television.", "title": "Cry Me a River (Justin Timberlake song)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Thinker () is a bronze sculpture by Auguste Rodin, usually placed on a stone pedestal. The work shows a nude male figure of heroic size sitting on a rock with his chin resting on one hand as though deep in thought, often used as an image to represent philosophy. There are about 28 full-sized castings, in which the figure is about 186 cm high, though not all were made during Rodin's lifetime and under his supervision. There are various other versions, as well, several in plaster, and studies and posthumous castings exist in a range of sizes. Rodin first conceived the figure as part of his work \"The Gates of Hell\" commissioned in 1880, but the first of the familiar monumental bronze castings did not appear until 1904.", "title": "The Thinker" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "After one of his brothers was attacked by an anti-semitic mob, the family decided to immigrate to the United States. Robinson arrived in New York City on February 21, 1904. \"At Ellis Island I was born again\", he wrote. \"Life for me began when I was 10 years old.\" He grew up on the Lower East Side, had his Bar Mitzvah at First Roumanian-American Congregation, and attended Townsend Harris High School and then the City College of New York, planning to become a criminal attorney. An interest in acting and performing in front of people led to him winning an American Academy of Dramatic Arts scholarship, after which he changed his name to \"Edward G. Robinson\" (the G. standing for his original surname).", "title": "Edward G. Robinson" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Microsoft Dangerous Creatures is a discontinued educational programme by Microsoft Home. It was designed for Windows 3.1 and first published in August 1994. It was included in the \"Microsoft Home bundle pack\" along with 'Encarta', 'Works Multimedia', Money and 'Arcade & Best of Windows Entertainment Pack'.", "title": "Microsoft Dangerous Creatures" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brittany Petros (born September 9, 1974) is an American actress, producer, and television personality. She first rose to fame as a cast member on the first season of the reality-television competition \"Big Brother\" (2000), and has since gone on to appear as an actress in various roles. She has also done extensive work in production and casting roles.", "title": "Brittany Petros" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For Hope is a 1996 ABC TV movie starring Dana Delany and directed by Bob Saget. Based on Saget's sister Gay, the movie showed the experience of a young woman fatally afflicted with the disease scleroderma. Other cast members included Tracy Nelson and Chris Demetral.", "title": "For Hope" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Woman in the Window is a 1944 American film noir directed by Fritz Lang and starring Edward G. Robinson, Joan Bennett, Raymond Massey, and Dan Duryea. It tells the story of psychology professor Richard Wanley (Edward G. Robinson) who meets and becomes enamored with a young femme fatale.", "title": "The Woman in the Window" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kevin P. Murphy (born 1965) is a former Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. As a freshman legislator, he regularly worked at his district office's unique drive-through window designed to speed constituent service.", "title": "Kevin P. Murphy" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In late 2013, Zack Snyder cast Gal Gadot in the role of Wonder Woman for the 2016 film, Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice over Élodie Yung and Olga Kurylenko. Some fans initially reacted to this choice by criticizing Gadot's appearance. Snyder would later comment on his decision to cast Gadot, stating that he", "title": "Wonder Woman (2017 film)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A study conducted in 1972 and 1981, documented by Robert Ulrich, surveyed 23 surgical patients assigned to rooms looking out on a natural scene. The study concluded that patients assigned to rooms with windows allowing lots of natural light had shorter postoperative hospital stays, received fewer negative evaluative comments in nurses’ notes, and took fewer potent analegesics than 23 matched patients in similar rooms with windows facing a brick wall. This study suggests that due to the nature of the scenery and daylight exposure was indeed healthier for patients as opposed to those exposed to little light from the brick wall. In addition to increased work performance, proper usage of windows and daylighting crosses the boundaries between pure aesthetics and overall health.", "title": "Lighting" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New Era Windows is an American worker cooperative formed by Chicago union members seeking to purchase their workplace, a window manufacturing plant located on Goose Island.", "title": "New Era Windows" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From 1978–2004 he lived and worked in Fribourg (Switzerland), and also studied Philosophy, Mathematics, Language and Communication Coach in Enterprises, and was member of the Committee of the Art Laboratory Belluard Bollwerk International.", "title": "Stefan Lehner" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The sixth season of ``Basketball Wives LA ''was confirmed by VH1 with a premiere date of April 17, 2017. Filming started in October 2016 and Evelyn Lozada a former cast member of Basketball Wives has confirmed her return on social media and via The Real where she severed as a guest host for a week. Jennifer Williams also a former cast member of Basketball Wives has been spotted filming with cast member Tami Roman. Also this season four newbies Aja Metoyer, Keonna Green, Bonnie - Jill Laflil, and Evelyn Lozada taking on the main cast replacing departing cast members Angel Brinks, LaTosha Duffey, Angel Love.", "title": "Basketball Wives LA" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jay Johnston (born October 22, 1968) is an American actor and comedian best known for his work as a writer and cast member on the HBO sketch comedy series \"Mr. Show\" and for playing the role of Officer Jay McPherson on \"The Sarah Silverman Program\".", "title": "Jay Johnston" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as Francis on Malcolm in the Middle. He is the younger brother of That '70s Show cast member Danny Masterson, older brother of The Walking Dead cast member Alanna Masterson, and older brother of Last Man Standing cast member Jordan Masterson.", "title": "Christopher Masterson" } ]	Where did the actor in The Woman in the Window study or work?	American Academy of Dramatic Arts	[ "The City College of New York", "City College", "City College of New York" ]	Title: Edward G. Robinson Passage: After one of his brothers was attacked by an anti-semitic mob, the family decided to immigrate to the United States. Robinson arrived in New York City on February 21, 1904. "At Ellis Island I was born again", he wrote. "Life for me began when I was 10 years old." He grew up on the Lower East Side, had his Bar Mitzvah at First Roumanian-American Congregation, and attended Townsend Harris High School and then the City College of New York, planning to become a criminal attorney. An interest in acting and performing in front of people led to him winning an American Academy of Dramatic Arts scholarship, after which he changed his name to "Edward G. Robinson" (the G. standing for his original surname). Title: For Hope Passage: For Hope is a 1996 ABC TV movie starring Dana Delany and directed by Bob Saget. Based on Saget's sister Gay, the movie showed the experience of a young woman fatally afflicted with the disease scleroderma. Other cast members included Tracy Nelson and Chris Demetral. Title: Wonder Woman (2017 film) Passage: In late 2013, Zack Snyder cast Gal Gadot in the role of Wonder Woman for the 2016 film, Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice over Élodie Yung and Olga Kurylenko. Some fans initially reacted to this choice by criticizing Gadot's appearance. Snyder would later comment on his decision to cast Gadot, stating that he Title: The Woman in the Window Passage: The Woman in the Window is a 1944 American film noir directed by Fritz Lang and starring Edward G. Robinson, Joan Bennett, Raymond Massey, and Dan Duryea. It tells the story of psychology professor Richard Wanley (Edward G. Robinson) who meets and becomes enamored with a young femme fatale. Title: Basketball Wives LA Passage: The sixth season of ``Basketball Wives LA ''was confirmed by VH1 with a premiere date of April 17, 2017. Filming started in October 2016 and Evelyn Lozada a former cast member of Basketball Wives has confirmed her return on social media and via The Real where she severed as a guest host for a week. Jennifer Williams also a former cast member of Basketball Wives has been spotted filming with cast member Tami Roman. Also this season four newbies Aja Metoyer, Keonna Green, Bonnie - Jill Laflil, and Evelyn Lozada taking on the main cast replacing departing cast members Angel Brinks, LaTosha Duffey, Angel Love. Title: Christopher Masterson Passage: Christopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as Francis on Malcolm in the Middle. He is the younger brother of That '70s Show cast member Danny Masterson, older brother of The Walking Dead cast member Alanna Masterson, and older brother of Last Man Standing cast member Jordan Masterson. Title: Saturday Night Live (season 5) Passage: To keep the show going, Lorne Michaels upgraded many of the show's writers to featured cast member status: Peter Aykroyd (Dan's brother), Jim Downey, Brian Doyle-Murray (Bill's brother), Don Novello, Tom Schiller and Alan Zweibel. Band leader Paul Shaffer also joined the cast, becoming the first person from the "SNL" band to become a cast member. Harry Shearer joined the show as a featured cast member and was promoted to repertory status during the season. Title: Jay Johnston Passage: Jay Johnston (born October 22, 1968) is an American actor and comedian best known for his work as a writer and cast member on the HBO sketch comedy series "Mr. Show" and for playing the role of Officer Jay McPherson on "The Sarah Silverman Program". Title: Cry Me a River (Justin Timberlake song) Passage: The video begins with a blonde woman, played by model and actress Lauren Hastings (allegedly portraying Britney Spears), walking out of her house hand - in - hand with an unidentified man. The couple leaves in the woman's car (a silver Porsche) as Timberlake rolls down the window of a black Mercedes, from which he and his friend have been watching the woman. Timberlake breaks into the house by throwing a rock through a window and proceeds through the woman's house, with anti-gravity jumps and slides, not causing any other visible damage, except for kicking a picture frame of the woman across the living room. Then he searches some drawers and finds a video camera, while the driver of the car, Timbaland, signals for his female accomplice in the back of the car, played by model Kiana Bessa, to go in. She enters the house and goes with Timberlake to a bedroom, where she starts to undress and kiss him while being filmed. They stay in the bedroom for a moment; then the accomplice exits the house but Timberlake stays. As the blonde woman returns, he follows her around the house and hides in a closet as she showers. He gets closer to her and touches the glass surrounding the shower. The blonde woman senses someone in the room and turns around, but Timberlake is gone. She leaves the bathroom and goes into her bedroom, where the video he made with his new lover plays on the television. Title: Lighting Passage: A study conducted in 1972 and 1981, documented by Robert Ulrich, surveyed 23 surgical patients assigned to rooms looking out on a natural scene. The study concluded that patients assigned to rooms with windows allowing lots of natural light had shorter postoperative hospital stays, received fewer negative evaluative comments in nurses’ notes, and took fewer potent analegesics than 23 matched patients in similar rooms with windows facing a brick wall. This study suggests that due to the nature of the scenery and daylight exposure was indeed healthier for patients as opposed to those exposed to little light from the brick wall. In addition to increased work performance, proper usage of windows and daylighting crosses the boundaries between pure aesthetics and overall health. Title: Deepwater Horizon (film) Passage: On August 19, 2014, casting began, with actor Mark Wahlberg added in the lead role of the film. Wahlberg plays Mike Williams, a real - life electronics technician on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig. On March 18, 2015, Gina Rodriguez was set to play a woman named Andrea Fleytas, who was on the bridge on board the Deepwater Horizon at the time of the blowout, and frantically tried to contact the Coast Guard. On April 10, 2015, Deadline reported that Dylan O'Brien was in talks to play Caleb Holloway. Kurt Russell joined the film on the same day O'Brien was in talks. Soon after, John Malkovich was confirmed cast, as a BP representative who fatally underestimates the dangers of working on the rig. Kate Hudson was announced as a cast member in May, 2015, and playing the wife of Wahlberg's character; her role will be her first on - screen pairing with Russell, her stepfather, although they shared no dialogue in the film. Title: Microsoft Dangerous Creatures Passage: Microsoft Dangerous Creatures is a discontinued educational programme by Microsoft Home. It was designed for Windows 3.1 and first published in August 1994. It was included in the "Microsoft Home bundle pack" along with 'Encarta', 'Works Multimedia', Money and 'Arcade & Best of Windows Entertainment Pack'. Title: Kevin P. Murphy Passage: Kevin P. Murphy (born 1965) is a former Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. As a freshman legislator, he regularly worked at his district office's unique drive-through window designed to speed constituent service. Title: Stefan Lehner Passage: From 1978–2004 he lived and worked in Fribourg (Switzerland), and also studied Philosophy, Mathematics, Language and Communication Coach in Enterprises, and was member of the Committee of the Art Laboratory Belluard Bollwerk International. Title: Livia Millhagen Passage: Millhagen was born in Stockholm and studied at Malmö Theatre Academy 1995–99. In 1997 she appeared at the Royal Dramatic Theatre in August Strindberg's "Fadren", directed by Staffan Valdemar Holm, and she is a regular cast member at that theatre. Title: George Coe Passage: George Coe (May 10, 1929 -- July 18, 2015) was an American stage, film and television actor and voice artist. He did voice - over work in video games, movies and TV shows. He was a cast member for the first season of Saturday Night Live and voiced Woodhouse in Archer. Title: New Era Windows Passage: New Era Windows is an American worker cooperative formed by Chicago union members seeking to purchase their workplace, a window manufacturing plant located on Goose Island. Title: The Thinker Passage: The Thinker () is a bronze sculpture by Auguste Rodin, usually placed on a stone pedestal. The work shows a nude male figure of heroic size sitting on a rock with his chin resting on one hand as though deep in thought, often used as an image to represent philosophy. There are about 28 full-sized castings, in which the figure is about 186 cm high, though not all were made during Rodin's lifetime and under his supervision. There are various other versions, as well, several in plaster, and studies and posthumous castings exist in a range of sizes. Rodin first conceived the figure as part of his work "The Gates of Hell" commissioned in 1880, but the first of the familiar monumental bronze castings did not appear until 1904. Title: Brittany Petros Passage: Brittany Petros (born September 9, 1974) is an American actress, producer, and television personality. She first rose to fame as a cast member on the first season of the reality-television competition "Big Brother" (2000), and has since gone on to appear as an actress in various roles. She has also done extensive work in production and casting roles. Title: Woman with a Lute Passage: Woman with a Lute, also known as Woman with a Lute Near a Window, is a painting created about 1662–1663 by Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer and now at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.	[ "Edward G. Robinson", "The Woman in the Window" ]
2hop__829358_754719	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Florence and George Wise Observatory (IAU code 097) is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Tel Aviv University. It is located 5 km west of the town of Mitzpe Ramon in the Negev desert near the edge of the Ramon Crater, and it is the only professional astronomical observatory in Israel.", "title": "Wise Observatory" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Linda Ramone (born July 24, 1960) is an American philanthropist and widow of Johnny Ramone. She is the co-owner and a president of Ramones Productions and was the subject of numerous songs by the Ramones, including \"Danny Says\", \"She's a Sensation\" and \"The KKK Took My Baby Away\". She is the founder and president of the Johnny Ramone Army, an organization acting on behalf of Johnny Ramone's estate which holds live events and charity fundraisers, preserving his legacy.", "title": "Linda Ramone" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Highland Woods is an unincorporated community in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. Highland Woods is located south of Darley Road to the west of Claymont.", "title": "Highland Woods, Delaware" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fernando Torres-Gil graduated from San Jose State University in 1970 with a BA in Political Science, PhD, was the first Assistant Secretary for Aging at the Administration on Aging within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. He was appointed by President Clinton in 1993 and served in the position until 1997. Currently, Torres-Gil sits on the National Council on Disability as an appointee of President Obama. He is the Associate Dean of Academic Affairs and Professor of Social Welfare and Public Policy at the UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs. He is the Director of the UCLA Center for Policy Research on Aging and is a member of the AARP Board of Directors. Torres-Gil also holds the position of Adjunct Professor of Gerontology at the USC Davis School of Gerontology, having served as Professor of Gerontology and Public Administration at USC before moving to UCLA.", "title": "Fernando Torres-Gil" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "title": "Minsk Region" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sant Martí d'Empúries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Empúries or Empòrion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Empúries moved to Castelló d'Empúries place less exposed to attack.", "title": "Sant Martí d'Empúries" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Flying Childers was sired by the great Darley Arabian, one of the three foundation stallions of the Thoroughbred breed. His dam Betty Leedes, was by (Old) Careless and she was inbred to Spanker in the second and third generations (2x3). Betty Leedes was also the dam of the unraced, but successful sire, Bartlett's or Bleeding Childers who was also by the Darley Arabian. (Old) Careless was by the great stallion Spanker, and both were thought to be the best racehorses of their generation. Betty Leedes was one of the few outside mares allowed to breed to the Darley Arabian, who was mostly kept as a private sire by his owner.", "title": "Flying Childers" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Duncan Islands are a group of islands in the Torres Strait Islands archipelago, located northwest of the Bramble Channel of Torres Strait in Queensland, Australia. The islands are situated north of Thursday Island and approximately southwest of Badu Island. The Duncan Islands are located within the Torres Strait Island Region local government area.", "title": "Duncan Islands" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy in 1922 brought profound changes to the colonial government in Eritrea. After \"il Duce\" declared the birth of Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (\"Africa Orientale Italiana\") administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\".", "title": "Italian Eritrea" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Xavier was born in the city of Pedro Leopoldo, State of Minas Gerais and is popularly known as \"Chico Xavier\" (\"Chico\" is the Portuguese nickname for \"Francisco\"). Xavier called his spiritual guide Emmanuel, who according to Xavier, lived in ancient Rome as Senator Publius Lentulus, was reincarnated in Spain as Father Damien, and later as a professor at the Sorbonne.", "title": "Chico Xavier" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Darley Ramon Torres (born 15 December 1989 in Pedro Leopoldo), commonly known as Darley, is a Brazilian footballer. He currently plays as a goalkeeper for Botafogo-SP, on loan from Tombense.", "title": "Darley Ramon Torres" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit (originally titled Portraits d'enfants) is a painting by John Singer Sargent. The painting depicts four young girls, the daughters of Edward Darley Boit, in their family's Paris apartment. It was painted in 1882 and is now exhibited in the new Art of the Americas Wing of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. The painting hangs between the two tall blue-and-white Japanese vases depicted in the work; they were donated by the heirs of the Boit family.", "title": "The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "title": "States of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "title": "Australia" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.", "title": "Birth certificate" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mutignano is a frazione of Pineto and located in the Province of Teramo in the Abruzzo region of Italy. Pineto's other frazioni include Borgo Santa Maria Immaculata, Colle Morino, Croce Ferretti, Scerne, Torre Cerrano, and Torre San Rocco.", "title": "Mutignano" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bourke Isles are a group of islands in the Torres Strait Islands archipelago, located west of the Cumberland Passage in the Torres Strait in Queensland, Australia. The isles are situated approximately northeast of Thursday Island and southwest of Darnley Island. The Bourke Isles are located within the Torres Strait Island Region local government area.", "title": "Bourke Isles" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Torre dello Sperone is a medieval tower in Cagliari, southern Sardinia, Italy. It is located in the Stampace historical quarter of the city.", "title": "Torre dello Sperone" } ]	What administrative territorial entity does Darley Ramon Torres's place of birth located?	Minas Gerais	[]	Title: Duncan Islands Passage: The Duncan Islands are a group of islands in the Torres Strait Islands archipelago, located northwest of the Bramble Channel of Torres Strait in Queensland, Australia. The islands are situated north of Thursday Island and approximately southwest of Badu Island. The Duncan Islands are located within the Torres Strait Island Region local government area. Title: Torre dello Sperone Passage: The Torre dello Sperone is a medieval tower in Cagliari, southern Sardinia, Italy. It is located in the Stampace historical quarter of the city. Title: Flying Childers Passage: Flying Childers was sired by the great Darley Arabian, one of the three foundation stallions of the Thoroughbred breed. His dam Betty Leedes, was by (Old) Careless and she was inbred to Spanker in the second and third generations (2x3). Betty Leedes was also the dam of the unraced, but successful sire, Bartlett's or Bleeding Childers who was also by the Darley Arabian. (Old) Careless was by the great stallion Spanker, and both were thought to be the best racehorses of their generation. Betty Leedes was one of the few outside mares allowed to breed to the Darley Arabian, who was mostly kept as a private sire by his owner. Title: Sant Martí d'Empúries Passage: Sant Martí d'Empúries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Empúries or Empòrion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Empúries moved to Castelló d'Empúries place less exposed to attack. Title: States of Nigeria Passage: A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments. Title: Fernando Torres-Gil Passage: Fernando Torres-Gil graduated from San Jose State University in 1970 with a BA in Political Science, PhD, was the first Assistant Secretary for Aging at the Administration on Aging within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. He was appointed by President Clinton in 1993 and served in the position until 1997. Currently, Torres-Gil sits on the National Council on Disability as an appointee of President Obama. He is the Associate Dean of Academic Affairs and Professor of Social Welfare and Public Policy at the UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs. He is the Director of the UCLA Center for Policy Research on Aging and is a member of the AARP Board of Directors. Torres-Gil also holds the position of Adjunct Professor of Gerontology at the USC Davis School of Gerontology, having served as Professor of Gerontology and Public Administration at USC before moving to UCLA. Title: Italian Eritrea Passage: Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy in 1922 brought profound changes to the colonial government in Eritrea. After "il Duce" declared the birth of Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa ("Africa Orientale Italiana") administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a "new Roman Empire". Title: Highland Woods, Delaware Passage: Highland Woods is an unincorporated community in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. Highland Woods is located south of Darley Road to the west of Claymont. Title: Australia Passage: Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales. Title: Bourke Isles Passage: The Bourke Isles are a group of islands in the Torres Strait Islands archipelago, located west of the Cumberland Passage in the Torres Strait in Queensland, Australia. The isles are situated approximately northeast of Thursday Island and southwest of Darnley Island. The Bourke Isles are located within the Torres Strait Island Region local government area. Title: Chico Xavier Passage: Xavier was born in the city of Pedro Leopoldo, State of Minas Gerais and is popularly known as "Chico Xavier" ("Chico" is the Portuguese nickname for "Francisco"). Xavier called his spiritual guide Emmanuel, who according to Xavier, lived in ancient Rome as Senator Publius Lentulus, was reincarnated in Spain as Father Damien, and later as a professor at the Sorbonne. Title: Minsk Region Passage: Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, "Minskaja vobłasć" ; , "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500. Title: Linda Ramone Passage: Linda Ramone (born July 24, 1960) is an American philanthropist and widow of Johnny Ramone. She is the co-owner and a president of Ramones Productions and was the subject of numerous songs by the Ramones, including "Danny Says", "She's a Sensation" and "The KKK Took My Baby Away". She is the founder and president of the Johnny Ramone Army, an organization acting on behalf of Johnny Ramone's estate which holds live events and charity fundraisers, preserving his legacy. Title: The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit Passage: The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit (originally titled Portraits d'enfants) is a painting by John Singer Sargent. The painting depicts four young girls, the daughters of Edward Darley Boit, in their family's Paris apartment. It was painted in 1882 and is now exhibited in the new Art of the Americas Wing of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. The painting hangs between the two tall blue-and-white Japanese vases depicted in the work; they were donated by the heirs of the Boit family. Title: Cyprus Popular Bank Passage: Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group. Title: Darley Ramon Torres Passage: Darley Ramon Torres (born 15 December 1989 in Pedro Leopoldo), commonly known as Darley, is a Brazilian footballer. He currently plays as a goalkeeper for Botafogo-SP, on loan from Tombense. Title: Wise Observatory Passage: The Florence and George Wise Observatory (IAU code 097) is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Tel Aviv University. It is located 5 km west of the town of Mitzpe Ramon in the Negev desert near the edge of the Ramon Crater, and it is the only professional astronomical observatory in Israel. Title: Mutignano Passage: Mutignano is a frazione of Pineto and located in the Province of Teramo in the Abruzzo region of Italy. Pineto's other frazioni include Borgo Santa Maria Immaculata, Colle Morino, Croce Ferretti, Scerne, Torre Cerrano, and Torre San Rocco. Title: Birth certificate Passage: In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory. Title: Federalism Passage: Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a "little constitution", called "organic law" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.	[ "Chico Xavier", "Darley Ramon Torres" ]
2hop__517145_367341	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It additionally places emphasis on their brother Rob Kardashian, their mother Kris Jenner, their step - parent Bruce Jenner (now known as Caitlyn Jenner), their half - sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner, and Kourtney's now ex-boyfriend, Scott Disick. Khloé's ex-husband Lamar Odom developed a major position as part of the supporting cast in the fourth season, though he was not a regular cast member in following seasons, and rarely appeared in season eight while attempting to fix his marriage with Khloé. Along in season seven Kanye West became a recurring cast members after dating Kim then marrying her in season nine. In seasons eight and nine, Caitlyn's children Brody and Brandon, and Brandon's wife, Leah became recurring cast members.", "title": "List of Keeping Up with the Kardashians episodes" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cassata or Cassata siciliana is a traditional sweet from Sicily, Italy. Cassata consists of round sponge cake moistened with fruit juices or liqueur and layered with ricotta cheese and candied fruit, a filling also used with cannoli. Cassata has a shell of marzipan, pink and green coloured icing, and decorative designs. Cassata may also refer to a Neapolitan ice cream containing candied or dried fruit and nuts.", "title": "Cassata" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "To keep the show going, Lorne Michaels upgraded many of the show's writers to featured cast member status: Peter Aykroyd (Dan's brother), Jim Downey, Brian Doyle-Murray (Bill's brother), Don Novello, Tom Schiller and Alan Zweibel. Band leader Paul Shaffer also joined the cast, becoming the first person from the \"SNL\" band to become a cast member. Harry Shearer joined the show as a featured cast member and was promoted to repertory status during the season.", "title": "Saturday Night Live (season 5)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Green Ice is the soundtrack to the 1981 United Kingdom science fiction film \"Green Ice\" starring Ryan O'Neal. The soundtrack was recorded by Bill Wyman and contains 18 original songs.", "title": "Green Ice (soundtrack)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn -- Part 2 (commonly referred to as Breaking Dawn: Part 2) is a 2012 American romantic drama fantasy film directed by Bill Condon and based on the novel Breaking Dawn by Stephenie Meyer. The second part of a two - part film forms the fifth and final installment in The Twilight Saga film series, and is the conclusion of the 2011 film Breaking Dawn: Part 1. All three main cast members, Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson, and Taylor Lautner, reprise their roles, with Mackenzie Foy portraying Renesmee Cullen. Alongside Pattinson, Lautner, Stewart and Foy, the film also stars an ensemble cast including Billy Burke, Peter Facinelli, Elizabeth Reaser, Kellan Lutz, Nikki Reed, Jackson Rathbone, Ashley Greene, Michael Sheen, and Dakota Fanning.", "title": "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Nickelodeon is a 1976 comedy film directed by Peter Bogdanovich, and stars Ryan O'Neal, Burt Reynolds and Tatum O'Neal. According to Bogdanovich, the film was based on true stories told to him by silent film directors Allan Dwan and Raoul Walsh. It was entered into the 27th Berlin International Film Festival.", "title": "Nickelodeon (film)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Reaching the Cold 100 is an album recorded by the British blues band the Peter Green Splinter Group, led by Peter Green. Released in 2003, this was their eighth and final album. Green was the founder of Fleetwood Mac and a member of that group from 1967–70, before a sporadic solo career during the late 1970s and early 1980s.", "title": "Reaching the Cold 100" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Young and the Restless is an American television soap opera, created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. It first aired on March 26, 1973. The longest - running current cast member is Doug Davidson, who has portrayed private investigator Paul Williams since May 23, 1978. Jeanne Cooper, who portrayed the soap opera's matriarch Katherine Chancellor, holds the record for the series' longest - running cast member, airing from November 1973 until her death in May 2013. Melody Thomas Scott and Eric Braeden, who portray Nikki and Victor Newman, are the second and third longest - running cast members, having joined in February 1979 and February 1980, respectively. Kate Linder has portrayed Esther Valentine since April 1982, and rounds out the series' top four longest - running cast members. The following list is of cast members who are currently on the show: both main and recurring members, as well as those who are debuting, departing or returning from the series.", "title": "List of The Young and the Restless cast members" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jean Desessard (born 6 September 1952) is a French politician and a member of the Senate of France. He represents Paris and is a member of Europe Écologie–The Greens.", "title": "Jean Desessard" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as Francis on Malcolm in the Middle. He is the younger brother of That '70s Show cast member Danny Masterson, older brother of The Walking Dead cast member Alanna Masterson, and older brother of Last Man Standing cast member Jordan Masterson.", "title": "Christopher Masterson" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Green Party of Tennessee is a state-level political party in Tennessee, and is a member of the Green Party of the United States. The party formed in 2001.", "title": "Green Party of Tennessee" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"When It's Time\" is a song by the American rock band Green Day from \"\", a cast recording to the musical production \"American Idiot\", a stage adaptation of the band's 2004 concept album. The song was released as a single in the United Kingdom, where it reached no. 68 on the UK Singles Chart.", "title": "When It's Time" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On March 19, 2013, Entertainment Weekly announced that Shailene Woodley (who had recently been cast in, and was filming, Divergent) would play Hazel Grace Lancaster. Director Josh Boone said: \"We read close to 150 actresses for the role, and I saw about 50 of those. Within ten or fifteen seconds of Shailene's audition, I knew she was Hazel. She held up her script pages and just her eyes were peeking over them.\" On May 10, 2013, Ansel Elgort was cast as Hazel's love interest, Augustus Waters. On July 23, Laura Dern joined the cast as Hazel's mother Frannie Lancaster, and Nat Wolff as Issac, Augustus' best friend. Wolff told HuffPost Live: \"It's exciting, I feel really lucky. The fact that I get to work with these super talented people—I mean, that's part of the reason why, I'm good in the movie, that's the reason.\" On August 14, Sam Trammell was cast as Hazel's father Michael Lancaster, and on August 28, author John Green announced that Mike Birbiglia would be playing Patrick. On September 6, he tweeted that Willem Dafoe would play Peter van Houten.Prior to these announcements, author John Green had tweeted that he would be happy if Mae Whitman played Hazel, and in February 2013, there had been speculation that Shailene Woodley and Hailee Steinfeld were among those being considered for the lead role.John Green filmed a cameo appearance; his scene was cut from the film but is included in the deleted scenes section of the film's DVD and Blu-ray releases. In the cut scene, Green plays the father of a young girl who asks about Hazel's cannula while at the airport. Green said: \"They cut [the scene] because it was totally unnecessary to the movie-slash-I was terrible.\"", "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (film)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ian Ewen-Street (born 1949) is a New Zealand politician. He was a member of the Green Party and a Member of the New Zealand Parliament for the Greens from 1999 to 2005. He has been prominent in advocacy for organic farming, organic gardening and biosecurity in New Zealand.", "title": "Ian Ewen-Street" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The sixth season of ``Basketball Wives LA ''was confirmed by VH1 with a premiere date of April 17, 2017. Filming started in October 2016 and Evelyn Lozada a former cast member of Basketball Wives has confirmed her return on social media and via The Real where she severed as a guest host for a week. Jennifer Williams also a former cast member of Basketball Wives has been spotted filming with cast member Tami Roman. Also this season four newbies Aja Metoyer, Keonna Green, Bonnie - Jill Laflil, and Evelyn Lozada taking on the main cast replacing departing cast members Angel Brinks, LaTosha Duffey, Angel Love.", "title": "Basketball Wives LA" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter Green Splinter Group is an album by the British blues band of the same name, led by Peter Green. Released in 1997, this was their first album, and essentially the comeback album for Green, who had been out of the music business for around 10 years. Green was the founder of Fleetwood Mac and a member of that group from 1967–70, before a sporadic solo career during the late 1970s and early 1980s.", "title": "Peter Green Splinter Group (album)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greene Point is an ice-covered point northeast of Andrus Point in Lady Newnes Bay, Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–64, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Stanley W. Greene, a biologist at McMurdo Station, 1964–65.", "title": "Greene Point" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jenny Sarah Slate (born March 25, 1982) is an American comedian, actress, voice actress and author, best known for her role as Donna Stern in Obvious Child, as well as being the co-creator of the Marcel the Shell with Shoes On short films and children's book series. She is also known for being a cast member on Saturday Night Live for the 2009 / 10 season and for her appearances in shows such as House of Lies, Married, Parks and Recreation, Bob's Burgers, Hello Ladies, Kroll Show, and Girls.", "title": "Jenny Slate" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles \"Chuck\" Green (November 6, 1919 – March 7, 1997) was an American tap dancer. Green was born in Fitzgerald, Georgia. He would stick bottle caps on his bare feet as a child and tap dance on the sidewalk for money. He won third place in a dance contest in 1925 in which Noble Sissle was the bandleader. Soon Green would be touring the South tap dancing.", "title": "Chuck Green" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bowling Green Plateau () is a small but prominent ice-covered plateau at the north side of the Brown Hills in the Cook Mountains in Antarctica It was named by the Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (VUWAE) (1962–63); Professor Charles C. Rich, geologist and deputy leader of the VUWAE, was affiliated with Bowling Green State University of Ohio.", "title": "Bowling Green Plateau" } ]	Who is the child of the cast member of Green Ice?	Tatum O'Neal	[]	Title: Basketball Wives LA Passage: The sixth season of ``Basketball Wives LA ''was confirmed by VH1 with a premiere date of April 17, 2017. Filming started in October 2016 and Evelyn Lozada a former cast member of Basketball Wives has confirmed her return on social media and via The Real where she severed as a guest host for a week. Jennifer Williams also a former cast member of Basketball Wives has been spotted filming with cast member Tami Roman. Also this season four newbies Aja Metoyer, Keonna Green, Bonnie - Jill Laflil, and Evelyn Lozada taking on the main cast replacing departing cast members Angel Brinks, LaTosha Duffey, Angel Love. Title: Peter Green Splinter Group (album) Passage: Peter Green Splinter Group is an album by the British blues band of the same name, led by Peter Green. Released in 1997, this was their first album, and essentially the comeback album for Green, who had been out of the music business for around 10 years. Green was the founder of Fleetwood Mac and a member of that group from 1967–70, before a sporadic solo career during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Title: Jean Desessard Passage: Jean Desessard (born 6 September 1952) is a French politician and a member of the Senate of France. He represents Paris and is a member of Europe Écologie–The Greens. Title: Cassata Passage: Cassata or Cassata siciliana is a traditional sweet from Sicily, Italy. Cassata consists of round sponge cake moistened with fruit juices or liqueur and layered with ricotta cheese and candied fruit, a filling also used with cannoli. Cassata has a shell of marzipan, pink and green coloured icing, and decorative designs. Cassata may also refer to a Neapolitan ice cream containing candied or dried fruit and nuts. Title: Bowling Green Plateau Passage: Bowling Green Plateau () is a small but prominent ice-covered plateau at the north side of the Brown Hills in the Cook Mountains in Antarctica It was named by the Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (VUWAE) (1962–63); Professor Charles C. Rich, geologist and deputy leader of the VUWAE, was affiliated with Bowling Green State University of Ohio. Title: Green Party of Tennessee Passage: The Green Party of Tennessee is a state-level political party in Tennessee, and is a member of the Green Party of the United States. The party formed in 2001. Title: Christopher Masterson Passage: Christopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as Francis on Malcolm in the Middle. He is the younger brother of That '70s Show cast member Danny Masterson, older brother of The Walking Dead cast member Alanna Masterson, and older brother of Last Man Standing cast member Jordan Masterson. Title: List of Keeping Up with the Kardashians episodes Passage: It additionally places emphasis on their brother Rob Kardashian, their mother Kris Jenner, their step - parent Bruce Jenner (now known as Caitlyn Jenner), their half - sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner, and Kourtney's now ex-boyfriend, Scott Disick. Khloé's ex-husband Lamar Odom developed a major position as part of the supporting cast in the fourth season, though he was not a regular cast member in following seasons, and rarely appeared in season eight while attempting to fix his marriage with Khloé. Along in season seven Kanye West became a recurring cast members after dating Kim then marrying her in season nine. In seasons eight and nine, Caitlyn's children Brody and Brandon, and Brandon's wife, Leah became recurring cast members. Title: Ian Ewen-Street Passage: Ian Ewen-Street (born 1949) is a New Zealand politician. He was a member of the Green Party and a Member of the New Zealand Parliament for the Greens from 1999 to 2005. He has been prominent in advocacy for organic farming, organic gardening and biosecurity in New Zealand. Title: List of The Young and the Restless cast members Passage: The Young and the Restless is an American television soap opera, created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. It first aired on March 26, 1973. The longest - running current cast member is Doug Davidson, who has portrayed private investigator Paul Williams since May 23, 1978. Jeanne Cooper, who portrayed the soap opera's matriarch Katherine Chancellor, holds the record for the series' longest - running cast member, airing from November 1973 until her death in May 2013. Melody Thomas Scott and Eric Braeden, who portray Nikki and Victor Newman, are the second and third longest - running cast members, having joined in February 1979 and February 1980, respectively. Kate Linder has portrayed Esther Valentine since April 1982, and rounds out the series' top four longest - running cast members. The following list is of cast members who are currently on the show: both main and recurring members, as well as those who are debuting, departing or returning from the series. Title: Jenny Slate Passage: Jenny Sarah Slate (born March 25, 1982) is an American comedian, actress, voice actress and author, best known for her role as Donna Stern in Obvious Child, as well as being the co-creator of the Marcel the Shell with Shoes On short films and children's book series. She is also known for being a cast member on Saturday Night Live for the 2009 / 10 season and for her appearances in shows such as House of Lies, Married, Parks and Recreation, Bob's Burgers, Hello Ladies, Kroll Show, and Girls. Title: Chuck Green Passage: Charles "Chuck" Green (November 6, 1919 – March 7, 1997) was an American tap dancer. Green was born in Fitzgerald, Georgia. He would stick bottle caps on his bare feet as a child and tap dance on the sidewalk for money. He won third place in a dance contest in 1925 in which Noble Sissle was the bandleader. Soon Green would be touring the South tap dancing. Title: Nickelodeon (film) Passage: Nickelodeon is a 1976 comedy film directed by Peter Bogdanovich, and stars Ryan O'Neal, Burt Reynolds and Tatum O'Neal. According to Bogdanovich, the film was based on true stories told to him by silent film directors Allan Dwan and Raoul Walsh. It was entered into the 27th Berlin International Film Festival. Title: The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 Passage: The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn -- Part 2 (commonly referred to as Breaking Dawn: Part 2) is a 2012 American romantic drama fantasy film directed by Bill Condon and based on the novel Breaking Dawn by Stephenie Meyer. The second part of a two - part film forms the fifth and final installment in The Twilight Saga film series, and is the conclusion of the 2011 film Breaking Dawn: Part 1. All three main cast members, Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson, and Taylor Lautner, reprise their roles, with Mackenzie Foy portraying Renesmee Cullen. Alongside Pattinson, Lautner, Stewart and Foy, the film also stars an ensemble cast including Billy Burke, Peter Facinelli, Elizabeth Reaser, Kellan Lutz, Nikki Reed, Jackson Rathbone, Ashley Greene, Michael Sheen, and Dakota Fanning. Title: Green Ice (soundtrack) Passage: Green Ice is the soundtrack to the 1981 United Kingdom science fiction film "Green Ice" starring Ryan O'Neal. The soundtrack was recorded by Bill Wyman and contains 18 original songs. Title: When It's Time Passage: "When It's Time" is a song by the American rock band Green Day from "", a cast recording to the musical production "American Idiot", a stage adaptation of the band's 2004 concept album. The song was released as a single in the United Kingdom, where it reached no. 68 on the UK Singles Chart. Title: Reaching the Cold 100 Passage: Reaching the Cold 100 is an album recorded by the British blues band the Peter Green Splinter Group, led by Peter Green. Released in 2003, this was their eighth and final album. Green was the founder of Fleetwood Mac and a member of that group from 1967–70, before a sporadic solo career during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Title: Greene Point Passage: Greene Point is an ice-covered point northeast of Andrus Point in Lady Newnes Bay, Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–64, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Stanley W. Greene, a biologist at McMurdo Station, 1964–65. Title: Saturday Night Live (season 5) Passage: To keep the show going, Lorne Michaels upgraded many of the show's writers to featured cast member status: Peter Aykroyd (Dan's brother), Jim Downey, Brian Doyle-Murray (Bill's brother), Don Novello, Tom Schiller and Alan Zweibel. Band leader Paul Shaffer also joined the cast, becoming the first person from the "SNL" band to become a cast member. Harry Shearer joined the show as a featured cast member and was promoted to repertory status during the season. Title: The Fault in Our Stars (film) Passage: On March 19, 2013, Entertainment Weekly announced that Shailene Woodley (who had recently been cast in, and was filming, Divergent) would play Hazel Grace Lancaster. Director Josh Boone said: "We read close to 150 actresses for the role, and I saw about 50 of those. Within ten or fifteen seconds of Shailene's audition, I knew she was Hazel. She held up her script pages and just her eyes were peeking over them." On May 10, 2013, Ansel Elgort was cast as Hazel's love interest, Augustus Waters. On July 23, Laura Dern joined the cast as Hazel's mother Frannie Lancaster, and Nat Wolff as Issac, Augustus' best friend. Wolff told HuffPost Live: "It's exciting, I feel really lucky. The fact that I get to work with these super talented people—I mean, that's part of the reason why, I'm good in the movie, that's the reason." On August 14, Sam Trammell was cast as Hazel's father Michael Lancaster, and on August 28, author John Green announced that Mike Birbiglia would be playing Patrick. On September 6, he tweeted that Willem Dafoe would play Peter van Houten.Prior to these announcements, author John Green had tweeted that he would be happy if Mae Whitman played Hazel, and in February 2013, there had been speculation that Shailene Woodley and Hailee Steinfeld were among those being considered for the lead role.John Green filmed a cameo appearance; his scene was cut from the film but is included in the deleted scenes section of the film's DVD and Blu-ray releases. In the cut scene, Green plays the father of a young girl who asks about Hazel's cannula while at the airport. Green said: "They cut [the scene] because it was totally unnecessary to the movie-slash-I was terrible."	[ "Green Ice (soundtrack)", "Nickelodeon (film)" ]
2hop__458131_174974	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Learning Company (TLC) was an American educational software company owned by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. The company produced a grade-based system of learning software and tools to improve productivity. Products for preschoolers through second graders included \"Reader Rabbit\", and software for more advanced students included \"The ClueFinders\". The company was also known for publishing licensed educational titles featuring characters such as Arthur, Scooby-Doo, \"Zoboomafoo\", and \"Caillou\".", "title": "The Learning Company" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rekkit Rabbit (known as Rekkit in France) is a French-American animated TV series created by David Michel and produced by Marathon Media, Zodiak Kids, Disney XD. It premiered 16 March 2011 in France and is broadcast internationally.", "title": "Rekkit Rabbit" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rabbit Ears Productions is a production company best known for producing three TV series that feature individual episodes adapting popular pieces of children's literature, all of which aired from 1984-1995 on PBS. The series features actors such as Robin Williams, Raul Julia, Laura Dern, Denzel Washington, Meryl Streep, John Hurt, Danny Glover, and others narrating children's books either well known in the United States or from around the world. The series made use of a limited animation technique whereby still images were moved throughout the scene, similar to modern motion comics. Rabbit Ears Productions has also won numerous awards, including Parents' Choice Awards and Grammy Awards.", "title": "Rabbit Ears Productions" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Planet Cake has created over 12000 couture cakes, including cakes for A-list celebrities such as Nicole Kidman, Celine Dion, Rihanna, Katy Perry, Keith Urban, John Travolta and Lady Gaga to name a few, as well as for television and many magazines. They have also created a host of ‘stunt’ cakes, the most famous being a realistic replica of the Sydney Opera House for Australia Day 2011, which weighed over 1.3 tons and required 32 cake decorators to make.", "title": "Planet Cake" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The adage has been attributed to a number of sources. It appeared in print on page six of The Washington Post dated October 25, 1911, in the form: ``Nor would a wise man, seeing that he was in a hole, go to work and blindly dig it deeper... ''In The Bankers Magazine, it was published in 1964 as:`` Let me tell you about the law of holes: If you find yourself in a hole, stop digging.''", "title": "Law of holes" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dirac hole theory is a theory in quantum mechanics, named after English theoretical physicist Paul Dirac. The theory poses that the continuum of negative energy states, that are solutions to the Dirac equation, are filled with electrons, and the vacancies in this continuum (holes) are manifested as positrons with energy and momentum that are the negative of those of the state. The discovery of the positron in 1929 gave a considerable support to the Dirac hole theory.", "title": "Dirac hole theory" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Down The Rabbit Hole is the first book in the Echo Falls mystery series by best selling crime novelist Peter Abrahams. Ingrid is in the wrong place at the wrong time. Or at least her shoes are. And getting them back will mean getting tangled up in a murder investigation as complicated as the mysteries solved by her idol, Sherlock Holmes. With soccer practice, schoolwork, and the lead role in her town's production of Alice in Wonderland, Ingrid is swamped. But as things in Echo Falls keep getting curiouser and curiouser Ingrid realizes she must solve the murder on her own before it's too late!", "title": "Down the Rabbit Hole (novel)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rabbit, Run is a 1970 American independent film directed by Jack Smight. The film was adapted from John Updike's 1960 novel by screenplay writer Howard B. Kreitsek, who also served as producer. The film starred James Caan as Rabbit Angstrom, Carrie Snodgress as Rabbit's wife Janice, and Anjanette Comer as his girlfriend Ruth. The movie co-starred Jack Albertson as Coach Marty Tothero, Arthur Hill as Rev. Jack Eccles, and Henry Jones and Josephine Hutchinson as Rabbit's parents.", "title": "Rabbit, Run (film)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Holes is a 2003 American adventure comedy - drama film directed by Andrew Davis, produced by Lowell D. Blank, Mike Medavoy and Teresa Tucker - Davies with music by Joel McNeely and based on the 1998 eponymous novel by Louis Sachar (who also wrote the screenplay).", "title": "Holes (film)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rabbit Hole is a 2010 American tragedy film starring Nicole Kidman, Aaron Eckhart, and Dianne Wiest, and directed by John Cameron Mitchell; the screenplay is an adaptation by David Lindsay-Abaire of his 2006 play of the same name. Kidman produced the project via her company, Blossom Films. The film premiered at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival in September 2010. Lionsgate distributed the film. The plot deals with a couple struggling to heal after the death of their young son. It received a limited release in the United States on December 17, 2010 and expanded nationwide on January 14, 2011. Kidman was critically acclaimed for her performance as Becca Corbett and received Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations for Best Actress. However, the film was a box office flop, grossing only $5.1 million against its $3 million budget.", "title": "Rabbit Hole (film)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Velveteen Rabbit (or How Toys Become Real) is a British children's book written by Margery Williams (also known as Margery Williams Bianco) and illustrated by William Nicholson. It chronicles the story of a stuffed rabbit's desire to become real through the love of his owner. The book was first published in 1922 and has been republished many times since.", "title": "The Velveteen Rabbit" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The programme takes place in a grassy, floral landscape populated by rabbits with bird calls audible in the background. The main shelter of the four Teletubbies is an earth house known as the ``Tubbytronic Superdome ''implanted in the ground and accessed through a hole at the top or an especially large semicircular door at the dome's foot. The creatures co-exist with a number of strange contraptions such as the Noo - noo, the group's anthropomorphic blue vacuum cleaner, and the Voice Trumpets. The show's colourful, psychedelic setting was designed specifically to appeal to the attention spans of infants and unlock different sections of the mind while also educating young children of transitions that can be expected in life.", "title": "Teletubbies" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gram quantities of various copper salts have been taken in suicide attempts and produced acute copper toxicity in humans, possibly due to redox cycling and the generation of reactive oxygen species that damage DNA. Corresponding amounts of copper salts (30 mg/kg) are toxic in animals. A minimum dietary value for healthy growth in rabbits has been reported to be at least 3 ppm in the diet. However, higher concentrations of copper (100 ppm, 200 ppm, or 500 ppm) in the diet of rabbits may favorably influence feed conversion efficiency, growth rates, and carcass dressing percentages.", "title": "Copper" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heartbeat in the Brain is a 1970 documentary film produced and directed by Amanda Feilding, an advocate of trepanation. In the film, Feilding, a 27-year-old student at the time, drills a hole in her forehead with a dentist's drill. In the documentary, surgical scenes alternate with motion studies of Feilding's pet pigeon Birdie.", "title": "Heartbeat in the Brain" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sołtan argument is an astrophysical theory outlined in 1982 by Polish astronomer Andrzej Sołtan. It maintains that if quasars were powered by accretion onto a supermassive black hole, then such supermassive black holes must exist in our local universe as \"dead\" quasars.", "title": "Sołtan argument" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The White Rabbit is a fictional character in Lewis Carroll's book \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\". He appears at the very beginning of the book, in chapter one, wearing a waistcoat, and muttering \"Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be too late!\" Alice follows him down the rabbit hole into Wonderland. Alice encounters him again when he mistakes her for his housemaid Mary Ann and she becomes trapped in his house after growing too large. The Rabbit shows up again in the last few chapters, as a herald-like servant of the King and Queen of Hearts.", "title": "White Rabbit" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Decades later, during the production of Who Framed Roger Rabbit in 1987, the Disney studio resurrected Beauty and the Beast as a project for the satellite animation studio it had set up in London, England to work on Roger Rabbit. Richard Williams, who had directed the animated portions of Roger Rabbit, was approached to direct but declined in favor of continuing work on his long - gestating project The Thief and the Cobbler. In his place, Williams recommended his colleague, English animation director Richard Purdum, and work began under producer Don Hahn on a non-musical version of Beauty and the Beast set in 19th - century France. At the behest of Disney CEO Michael Eisner, Beauty and the Beast became the first Disney animated film to use a screenwriter. This was an unusual production move for an animated film, which is traditionally developed on storyboards rather than in scripted form. Linda Woolverton wrote the original draft of the story before storyboarding began, and worked with the story team to retool and develop the film.", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Flemish Giant Rabbits weigh 15 pounds on average, though the biggest ones can weigh up to 22 lb, and the longest one on record (in fact, holding the record for the longest rabbit in the world of any kind), measured about 4 feet 3 inches long.", "title": "Flemish Giant rabbit" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Baby Buggy Bunny is a \"Merrie Melodies\" animated short directed by Chuck Jones and written by Michael Maltese, released in 1954. The story is about a dwarf gangster named \"Babyface\" Finster (based on gangster Baby Face Nelson) who, after a clever bank robbery, loses his ill-gotten gains down Bugs Bunny's rabbit hole, forcing him to don the disguise of an orphan baby to get it back.", "title": "Baby Buggy Bunny" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most common blade is the 12 inch or 300 mm length. Hacksaw blades have two holes near the ends for mounting them in the saw frame and the 12 inch / 300 mm dimension refers to the center to center distance between these mounting holes.", "title": "Hacksaw" } ]	Who is the spouse of the Rabbit Hole's producer?	Keith Urban	[]	Title: Flemish Giant rabbit Passage: Flemish Giant Rabbits weigh 15 pounds on average, though the biggest ones can weigh up to 22 lb, and the longest one on record (in fact, holding the record for the longest rabbit in the world of any kind), measured about 4 feet 3 inches long. Title: Law of holes Passage: The adage has been attributed to a number of sources. It appeared in print on page six of The Washington Post dated October 25, 1911, in the form: ``Nor would a wise man, seeing that he was in a hole, go to work and blindly dig it deeper... ''In The Bankers Magazine, it was published in 1964 as:`` Let me tell you about the law of holes: If you find yourself in a hole, stop digging.'' Title: Baby Buggy Bunny Passage: Baby Buggy Bunny is a "Merrie Melodies" animated short directed by Chuck Jones and written by Michael Maltese, released in 1954. The story is about a dwarf gangster named "Babyface" Finster (based on gangster Baby Face Nelson) who, after a clever bank robbery, loses his ill-gotten gains down Bugs Bunny's rabbit hole, forcing him to don the disguise of an orphan baby to get it back. Title: Heartbeat in the Brain Passage: Heartbeat in the Brain is a 1970 documentary film produced and directed by Amanda Feilding, an advocate of trepanation. In the film, Feilding, a 27-year-old student at the time, drills a hole in her forehead with a dentist's drill. In the documentary, surgical scenes alternate with motion studies of Feilding's pet pigeon Birdie. Title: Planet Cake Passage: Planet Cake has created over 12000 couture cakes, including cakes for A-list celebrities such as Nicole Kidman, Celine Dion, Rihanna, Katy Perry, Keith Urban, John Travolta and Lady Gaga to name a few, as well as for television and many magazines. They have also created a host of ‘stunt’ cakes, the most famous being a realistic replica of the Sydney Opera House for Australia Day 2011, which weighed over 1.3 tons and required 32 cake decorators to make. Title: Beauty and the Beast (1991 film) Passage: Decades later, during the production of Who Framed Roger Rabbit in 1987, the Disney studio resurrected Beauty and the Beast as a project for the satellite animation studio it had set up in London, England to work on Roger Rabbit. Richard Williams, who had directed the animated portions of Roger Rabbit, was approached to direct but declined in favor of continuing work on his long - gestating project The Thief and the Cobbler. In his place, Williams recommended his colleague, English animation director Richard Purdum, and work began under producer Don Hahn on a non-musical version of Beauty and the Beast set in 19th - century France. At the behest of Disney CEO Michael Eisner, Beauty and the Beast became the first Disney animated film to use a screenwriter. This was an unusual production move for an animated film, which is traditionally developed on storyboards rather than in scripted form. Linda Woolverton wrote the original draft of the story before storyboarding began, and worked with the story team to retool and develop the film. Title: Dirac hole theory Passage: Dirac hole theory is a theory in quantum mechanics, named after English theoretical physicist Paul Dirac. The theory poses that the continuum of negative energy states, that are solutions to the Dirac equation, are filled with electrons, and the vacancies in this continuum (holes) are manifested as positrons with energy and momentum that are the negative of those of the state. The discovery of the positron in 1929 gave a considerable support to the Dirac hole theory. Title: White Rabbit Passage: The White Rabbit is a fictional character in Lewis Carroll's book "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland". He appears at the very beginning of the book, in chapter one, wearing a waistcoat, and muttering "Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be too late!" Alice follows him down the rabbit hole into Wonderland. Alice encounters him again when he mistakes her for his housemaid Mary Ann and she becomes trapped in his house after growing too large. The Rabbit shows up again in the last few chapters, as a herald-like servant of the King and Queen of Hearts. Title: Rabbit Ears Productions Passage: Rabbit Ears Productions is a production company best known for producing three TV series that feature individual episodes adapting popular pieces of children's literature, all of which aired from 1984-1995 on PBS. The series features actors such as Robin Williams, Raul Julia, Laura Dern, Denzel Washington, Meryl Streep, John Hurt, Danny Glover, and others narrating children's books either well known in the United States or from around the world. The series made use of a limited animation technique whereby still images were moved throughout the scene, similar to modern motion comics. Rabbit Ears Productions has also won numerous awards, including Parents' Choice Awards and Grammy Awards. Title: Down the Rabbit Hole (novel) Passage: Down The Rabbit Hole is the first book in the Echo Falls mystery series by best selling crime novelist Peter Abrahams. Ingrid is in the wrong place at the wrong time. Or at least her shoes are. And getting them back will mean getting tangled up in a murder investigation as complicated as the mysteries solved by her idol, Sherlock Holmes. With soccer practice, schoolwork, and the lead role in her town's production of Alice in Wonderland, Ingrid is swamped. But as things in Echo Falls keep getting curiouser and curiouser Ingrid realizes she must solve the murder on her own before it's too late! Title: Holes (film) Passage: Holes is a 2003 American adventure comedy - drama film directed by Andrew Davis, produced by Lowell D. Blank, Mike Medavoy and Teresa Tucker - Davies with music by Joel McNeely and based on the 1998 eponymous novel by Louis Sachar (who also wrote the screenplay). Title: Rekkit Rabbit Passage: Rekkit Rabbit (known as Rekkit in France) is a French-American animated TV series created by David Michel and produced by Marathon Media, Zodiak Kids, Disney XD. It premiered 16 March 2011 in France and is broadcast internationally. Title: Copper Passage: Gram quantities of various copper salts have been taken in suicide attempts and produced acute copper toxicity in humans, possibly due to redox cycling and the generation of reactive oxygen species that damage DNA. Corresponding amounts of copper salts (30 mg/kg) are toxic in animals. A minimum dietary value for healthy growth in rabbits has been reported to be at least 3 ppm in the diet. However, higher concentrations of copper (100 ppm, 200 ppm, or 500 ppm) in the diet of rabbits may favorably influence feed conversion efficiency, growth rates, and carcass dressing percentages. Title: Rabbit Hole (film) Passage: Rabbit Hole is a 2010 American tragedy film starring Nicole Kidman, Aaron Eckhart, and Dianne Wiest, and directed by John Cameron Mitchell; the screenplay is an adaptation by David Lindsay-Abaire of his 2006 play of the same name. Kidman produced the project via her company, Blossom Films. The film premiered at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival in September 2010. Lionsgate distributed the film. The plot deals with a couple struggling to heal after the death of their young son. It received a limited release in the United States on December 17, 2010 and expanded nationwide on January 14, 2011. Kidman was critically acclaimed for her performance as Becca Corbett and received Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations for Best Actress. However, the film was a box office flop, grossing only $5.1 million against its $3 million budget. Title: The Velveteen Rabbit Passage: The Velveteen Rabbit (or How Toys Become Real) is a British children's book written by Margery Williams (also known as Margery Williams Bianco) and illustrated by William Nicholson. It chronicles the story of a stuffed rabbit's desire to become real through the love of his owner. The book was first published in 1922 and has been republished many times since. Title: Sołtan argument Passage: The Sołtan argument is an astrophysical theory outlined in 1982 by Polish astronomer Andrzej Sołtan. It maintains that if quasars were powered by accretion onto a supermassive black hole, then such supermassive black holes must exist in our local universe as "dead" quasars. Title: Teletubbies Passage: The programme takes place in a grassy, floral landscape populated by rabbits with bird calls audible in the background. The main shelter of the four Teletubbies is an earth house known as the ``Tubbytronic Superdome ''implanted in the ground and accessed through a hole at the top or an especially large semicircular door at the dome's foot. The creatures co-exist with a number of strange contraptions such as the Noo - noo, the group's anthropomorphic blue vacuum cleaner, and the Voice Trumpets. The show's colourful, psychedelic setting was designed specifically to appeal to the attention spans of infants and unlock different sections of the mind while also educating young children of transitions that can be expected in life. Title: Hacksaw Passage: The most common blade is the 12 inch or 300 mm length. Hacksaw blades have two holes near the ends for mounting them in the saw frame and the 12 inch / 300 mm dimension refers to the center to center distance between these mounting holes. Title: The Learning Company Passage: The Learning Company (TLC) was an American educational software company owned by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. The company produced a grade-based system of learning software and tools to improve productivity. Products for preschoolers through second graders included "Reader Rabbit", and software for more advanced students included "The ClueFinders". The company was also known for publishing licensed educational titles featuring characters such as Arthur, Scooby-Doo, "Zoboomafoo", and "Caillou". Title: Rabbit, Run (film) Passage: Rabbit, Run is a 1970 American independent film directed by Jack Smight. The film was adapted from John Updike's 1960 novel by screenplay writer Howard B. Kreitsek, who also served as producer. The film starred James Caan as Rabbit Angstrom, Carrie Snodgress as Rabbit's wife Janice, and Anjanette Comer as his girlfriend Ruth. The movie co-starred Jack Albertson as Coach Marty Tothero, Arthur Hill as Rev. Jack Eccles, and Henry Jones and Josephine Hutchinson as Rabbit's parents.	[ "Planet Cake", "Rabbit Hole (film)" ]
2hop__89460_75184	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isabel Stuart (28 August 1676 – 2 March 1681), also called Isabella, was a daughter of the future King James II of England and his second wife, Mary of Modena.", "title": "Isabel Stuart" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Back to the Future is a 1985 American science - fiction adventure comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Zemeckis and Bob Gale. It stars Michael J. Fox as teenager Marty McFly, who is sent back in time to 1955, where he meets his future parents in high school and accidentally becomes his mother's romantic interest. Christopher Lloyd portrays the eccentric scientist Dr. Emmett ``Doc ''Brown, Marty's friend who helps him repair the damage to history by helping Marty cause his parents to fall in love. Marty and Doc must also find a way to return Marty to 1985.", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George Douglas McFly (portrayed by Crispin Glover in Back to the Future and by Jeffrey Weissman in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III and voiced by Michael X. Sommers in Back to the Future: The Game) is the father of Marty, Linda and Dave from the union with his wife Lorraine Baines McFly. Although he is one of the main characters in the first movie, George only makes cameos in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III.", "title": "List of Back to the Future characters" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The \"Back to the Future\" franchise is an American science fiction–adventure comedy film series written and directed by Robert Zemeckis, produced by Bob Gale and Neil Canton for Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment, and distributed by Universal Pictures. The franchise follows the adventures of a high school student, Marty McFly (Michael J. Fox), and an eccentric scientist, Dr. Emmett L. Brown (Christopher Lloyd), as they use a DeLorean time machine to time travel to different periods in the history of Hill Valley, California.", "title": "Back to the Future (franchise)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Back to the Future was released on July 3, 1985 and it grossed over $381 million worldwide, becoming the highest - grossing film of 1985. It won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film, and the Academy Award for Best Sound Effects Editing. It received three Academy Award nominations, five BAFTA nominations, and four Golden Globe nominations, including Best Motion Picture (Musical or Comedy). In 2007, the Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry, and in June 2008 the American Film Institute's special AFI's 10 Top 10 designated it the 10th - best science fiction film. The film began a franchise including two sequels, Back to the Future Part II (1989) and Back to the Future Part III (1990), an animated series, theme park ride, and several video games.", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Back to the Future: Music from the Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the film of the same name. It was released on July 8, 1985 by MCA Records. The album included two tracks culled from Alan Silvestri's compositions for the film, two tracks from Huey Lewis and the News, two songs played by the fictional band Marvin Berry and The Starlighters, one played by Marty McFly and The Starlighters, and two pop songs that are only very briefly heard in the background of the film.", "title": "Back to the Future (soundtrack)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Back to Black is the second and final studio album by English singer and songwriter Amy Winehouse, released on 27 October 2006 by Island Records. Winehouse predominantly based the album on her tumultuous relationship with then-ex-boyfriend and future husband Blake Fielder-Civil, who temporarily left her to pursue his previous ex-girlfriend. Their short-lived separation spurred her to create an album that explores the themes of guilt, grief, infidelity and heartbreak in a relationship.", "title": "Back to Black" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Claudia Grace Wells (born July 5, 1966) is an American actress best known for her role as Jennifer Parker in the film Back to the Future (1985).", "title": "Claudia Wells" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When Emma Swan discovers that a former friend from her past, Lily, is Maleficent's long lost daughter, she embarks on a quest to find her and bring her back to Storybrooke in order to reunite her with Maleficent, and Regina teams up with her in an effort to warn Robin Hood about Zelena, but the two are about to face what awaits them outside Storybrooke. Inside Storybrooke, Gold finds himself dealing with Belle, and back in Emma's past, her friendship with Lily after she is placed in a foster home could threaten their future.", "title": "Lily (Once Upon a Time)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Several special - edition DMC - 12 cars have been produced over the years, and the car is most notably featured as the time machine in the Back to the Future film trilogy. Six DeLorean chassis were used during the production, along with one manufactured out of fiberglass for scenes where a full - size DeLorean was needed to ``fly ''on - screen; only three of the cars still exist, with one that was destroyed at the end of Back to the Future Part III, two additional were abandoned, and the fiberglass replica was scrapped. Universal Studios owns two of the remaining cars, occasionally putting them on display or using them for other productions, and the last resides in a private collection after having been extensively restored. Beginning April 20, 2016, the official Back to the Future DeLorean can be viewed at the Petersen Automotive Museum.", "title": "DMC DeLorean" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On October 26, 1985, Dr. Emmett Brown arrives in his flying time machine and persuades Marty McFly and his girlfriend, Jennifer Parker, to come back to the future with him to help their future children. Biff Tannen witnesses their departure. They arrive on October 21, 2015, where Doc electronically knocks out Jennifer and leaves her asleep in an alley, explaining that she should not have too much knowledge of future events. He has Marty pose as his own son and lookalike Marty Jr. to refuse an offer to participate in a robbery with Biff's grandson Griff, thus saving both of Marty's children from prison.", "title": "Back to the Future Part II" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Played by Wayne Brady, James is Barney's gay African - American half - brother; they are very alike and act as each other's ``wingmen ''. This changes when James meets Tom, his future husband. Barney tries to stop his brother from marrying but changes his mind when he learns that they are adopting a baby. James marries Tom and they have a son named Eli. In the season 6 episode`` Cleaning House,'' James finds out his father is Sam Gibbs after he and Barney discover an unsent letter that their mother Loretta addressed to him. At the end of ``The Rebound Girl '', it is revealed that James and Tom have adopted an infant daughter named Sadie. In`` Coming Back'', James announces that he is getting a divorce after Tom discovered him cheating. Robin wins James' wedding ring in ``The Poker Game ''and refuses to give it back because James has been saying that she and Barney should not get married. Barney initially stands by his brother, but then realizes that James' selfishness is what caused his own marriage to fail. James reveals that Gary Blauman was one of the guys that he cheated on Tom with in`` Gary Blauman''. Future Ted explains to his children that James and Tom did eventually get back together, and raised Eli and Sadie as a happy family.", "title": "List of How I Met Your Mother characters" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1989 film Back to the Future Part II depicts the Chicago Cubs defeating a baseball team from Miami in the 2015 World Series, ending the longest championship drought in all four of the major North American professional sports leagues. In 2015, the Miami Marlins failed to make the playoffs and were able to make it to the 2015 National League Wild Card round and move on to the 2015 National League Championship Series by October 21, 2015, the date where protagonist Marty McFly traveled to the future in the film. However, it was on October 21 that the Cubs were swept by the New York Mets in the NLCS.", "title": "Chicago Cubs" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Back to the Future Part II is a 1989 American science - fiction adventure comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Bob Gale. It is the sequel to the 1985 film Back to the Future and the second installment in the Back to the Future trilogy. The film stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Thomas F. Wilson, and Lea Thompson and continues immediately following the original film. After repairing the damage to history done by his previous time travel adventures, Marty McFly (Fox) and his friend Dr. Emmett ``Doc ''Brown (Lloyd) travel to 2015 to prevent McFly's future son from ending up imprisoned. However, their presence allows Biff Tannen (Wilson) to steal Doc's DeLorean time machine and travel to 1955, where he alters history by making his younger self wealthy.", "title": "Back to the Future Part II" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Back to the Future Part III\" was filmed in California and Arizona, and was produced on a $40 million budget back-to-back with \"Part II\". \"Part III\" was released in the United States on May 25, 1990, six months after the previous installment. \"Part III\" earned $244.5 million worldwide, making it the sixth-highest-grossing film of 1990.", "title": "Back to the Future Part III" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The character was played by Claudia Wells in Back to the Future. However, Wells was not available to film the sequels for personal reasons, and the role was recast to Elisabeth Shue although Wells reprised her role as Jennifer in Back to the Future: The Game as a punk rock version of her character. Consequently, the opening scene of Back to the Future Part II was re-shot with Shue taking Wells' place, rather than using the ending of Back to the Future. In the spin - off Back to the Future: the Animated Series, Jennifer was voiced by Cathy Cavadini.", "title": "List of Back to the Future characters" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Marty (Jr.) and Marlene McFly (both portrayed by Michael J. Fox) are Marty McFly and Jennifer Parker's future fraternal twin son and daughter in Part II.", "title": "List of Back to the Future characters" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Back to the Future spent 11 weeks at number one. Gale recalled \"Our second weekend was higher than our first weekend, which is indicative of great word of mouth. National Lampoon's European Vacation came out in August and it kicked us out of number one for one week and then we were back to number one.\" The film went on to gross $210.61 million in North America and $178.5 million in foreign countries, accumulating a worldwide total of $389.1 million. Back to the Future had the fourth-highest opening weekend of 1985 and was the top-grossing film of the year. Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 59 million tickets in the United States.", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The DeLorean time machine is a fictional automobile - based time travel device featured in the Back to the Future franchise. In the feature film series, Dr. Emmett Brown builds a time machine based on a DeLorean DMC - 12 car, to gain insights into history and the future. Instead, he ends up using it to travel over 130 years of Hill Valley history (from 1885 to 2015) with Marty McFly to change the past for the better and to undo the negative effects of time travel. One of the cars used in filming is on display at Universal Studios Hollywood and the official Back to the Future DeLorean can be viewed at the Petersen Automotive Museum.", "title": "DeLorean time machine" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Back to the Future Part II is a 1989 American science fiction film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Bob Gale. It is the sequel to the 1985 film Back to the Future and the second installment in the Back to the Future trilogy. The film stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Thomas F. Wilson, and Lea Thompson. In the plot, Marty McFly (Fox) and his friend Dr. Emmett ``Doc ''Brown (Lloyd) travel to 2015, where bully Biff Tannen (Wilson) steals Doc's DeLorean time machine and uses it to alter history for the worse.", "title": "Back to the Future Part II" } ]	Who in Back To The Future played the girlfriend of the character played by the actor playing marty's daughter in back to the future 2?	Claudia Wells	[]	Title: Claudia Wells Passage: Claudia Grace Wells (born July 5, 1966) is an American actress best known for her role as Jennifer Parker in the film Back to the Future (1985). Title: DeLorean time machine Passage: The DeLorean time machine is a fictional automobile - based time travel device featured in the Back to the Future franchise. In the feature film series, Dr. Emmett Brown builds a time machine based on a DeLorean DMC - 12 car, to gain insights into history and the future. Instead, he ends up using it to travel over 130 years of Hill Valley history (from 1885 to 2015) with Marty McFly to change the past for the better and to undo the negative effects of time travel. One of the cars used in filming is on display at Universal Studios Hollywood and the official Back to the Future DeLorean can be viewed at the Petersen Automotive Museum. Title: Back to Black Passage: Back to Black is the second and final studio album by English singer and songwriter Amy Winehouse, released on 27 October 2006 by Island Records. Winehouse predominantly based the album on her tumultuous relationship with then-ex-boyfriend and future husband Blake Fielder-Civil, who temporarily left her to pursue his previous ex-girlfriend. Their short-lived separation spurred her to create an album that explores the themes of guilt, grief, infidelity and heartbreak in a relationship. Title: Back to the Future Part III Passage: "Back to the Future Part III" was filmed in California and Arizona, and was produced on a $40 million budget back-to-back with "Part II". "Part III" was released in the United States on May 25, 1990, six months after the previous installment. "Part III" earned $244.5 million worldwide, making it the sixth-highest-grossing film of 1990. Title: Back to the Future (soundtrack) Passage: Back to the Future: Music from the Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the film of the same name. It was released on July 8, 1985 by MCA Records. The album included two tracks culled from Alan Silvestri's compositions for the film, two tracks from Huey Lewis and the News, two songs played by the fictional band Marvin Berry and The Starlighters, one played by Marty McFly and The Starlighters, and two pop songs that are only very briefly heard in the background of the film. Title: List of Back to the Future characters Passage: George Douglas McFly (portrayed by Crispin Glover in Back to the Future and by Jeffrey Weissman in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III and voiced by Michael X. Sommers in Back to the Future: The Game) is the father of Marty, Linda and Dave from the union with his wife Lorraine Baines McFly. Although he is one of the main characters in the first movie, George only makes cameos in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III. Title: List of Back to the Future characters Passage: The character was played by Claudia Wells in Back to the Future. However, Wells was not available to film the sequels for personal reasons, and the role was recast to Elisabeth Shue although Wells reprised her role as Jennifer in Back to the Future: The Game as a punk rock version of her character. Consequently, the opening scene of Back to the Future Part II was re-shot with Shue taking Wells' place, rather than using the ending of Back to the Future. In the spin - off Back to the Future: the Animated Series, Jennifer was voiced by Cathy Cavadini. Title: DMC DeLorean Passage: Several special - edition DMC - 12 cars have been produced over the years, and the car is most notably featured as the time machine in the Back to the Future film trilogy. Six DeLorean chassis were used during the production, along with one manufactured out of fiberglass for scenes where a full - size DeLorean was needed to ``fly ''on - screen; only three of the cars still exist, with one that was destroyed at the end of Back to the Future Part III, two additional were abandoned, and the fiberglass replica was scrapped. Universal Studios owns two of the remaining cars, occasionally putting them on display or using them for other productions, and the last resides in a private collection after having been extensively restored. Beginning April 20, 2016, the official Back to the Future DeLorean can be viewed at the Petersen Automotive Museum. Title: Isabel Stuart Passage: Isabel Stuart (28 August 1676 – 2 March 1681), also called Isabella, was a daughter of the future King James II of England and his second wife, Mary of Modena. Title: List of Back to the Future characters Passage: Marty (Jr.) and Marlene McFly (both portrayed by Michael J. Fox) are Marty McFly and Jennifer Parker's future fraternal twin son and daughter in Part II. Title: Back to the Future (franchise) Passage: The "Back to the Future" franchise is an American science fiction–adventure comedy film series written and directed by Robert Zemeckis, produced by Bob Gale and Neil Canton for Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment, and distributed by Universal Pictures. The franchise follows the adventures of a high school student, Marty McFly (Michael J. Fox), and an eccentric scientist, Dr. Emmett L. Brown (Christopher Lloyd), as they use a DeLorean time machine to time travel to different periods in the history of Hill Valley, California. Title: List of How I Met Your Mother characters Passage: Played by Wayne Brady, James is Barney's gay African - American half - brother; they are very alike and act as each other's ``wingmen ''. This changes when James meets Tom, his future husband. Barney tries to stop his brother from marrying but changes his mind when he learns that they are adopting a baby. James marries Tom and they have a son named Eli. In the season 6 episode`` Cleaning House,'' James finds out his father is Sam Gibbs after he and Barney discover an unsent letter that their mother Loretta addressed to him. At the end of ``The Rebound Girl '', it is revealed that James and Tom have adopted an infant daughter named Sadie. In`` Coming Back'', James announces that he is getting a divorce after Tom discovered him cheating. Robin wins James' wedding ring in ``The Poker Game ''and refuses to give it back because James has been saying that she and Barney should not get married. Barney initially stands by his brother, but then realizes that James' selfishness is what caused his own marriage to fail. James reveals that Gary Blauman was one of the guys that he cheated on Tom with in`` Gary Blauman''. Future Ted explains to his children that James and Tom did eventually get back together, and raised Eli and Sadie as a happy family. Title: Back to the Future Passage: Back to the Future spent 11 weeks at number one. Gale recalled "Our second weekend was higher than our first weekend, which is indicative of great word of mouth. National Lampoon's European Vacation came out in August and it kicked us out of number one for one week and then we were back to number one." The film went on to gross $210.61 million in North America and $178.5 million in foreign countries, accumulating a worldwide total of $389.1 million. Back to the Future had the fourth-highest opening weekend of 1985 and was the top-grossing film of the year. Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 59 million tickets in the United States. Title: Back to the Future Part II Passage: Back to the Future Part II is a 1989 American science fiction film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Bob Gale. It is the sequel to the 1985 film Back to the Future and the second installment in the Back to the Future trilogy. The film stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Thomas F. Wilson, and Lea Thompson. In the plot, Marty McFly (Fox) and his friend Dr. Emmett ``Doc ''Brown (Lloyd) travel to 2015, where bully Biff Tannen (Wilson) steals Doc's DeLorean time machine and uses it to alter history for the worse. Title: Back to the Future Part II Passage: Back to the Future Part II is a 1989 American science - fiction adventure comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Bob Gale. It is the sequel to the 1985 film Back to the Future and the second installment in the Back to the Future trilogy. The film stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Thomas F. Wilson, and Lea Thompson and continues immediately following the original film. After repairing the damage to history done by his previous time travel adventures, Marty McFly (Fox) and his friend Dr. Emmett ``Doc ''Brown (Lloyd) travel to 2015 to prevent McFly's future son from ending up imprisoned. However, their presence allows Biff Tannen (Wilson) to steal Doc's DeLorean time machine and travel to 1955, where he alters history by making his younger self wealthy. Title: Back to the Future Passage: Back to the Future was released on July 3, 1985 and it grossed over $381 million worldwide, becoming the highest - grossing film of 1985. It won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film, and the Academy Award for Best Sound Effects Editing. It received three Academy Award nominations, five BAFTA nominations, and four Golden Globe nominations, including Best Motion Picture (Musical or Comedy). In 2007, the Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry, and in June 2008 the American Film Institute's special AFI's 10 Top 10 designated it the 10th - best science fiction film. The film began a franchise including two sequels, Back to the Future Part II (1989) and Back to the Future Part III (1990), an animated series, theme park ride, and several video games. Title: Lily (Once Upon a Time) Passage: When Emma Swan discovers that a former friend from her past, Lily, is Maleficent's long lost daughter, she embarks on a quest to find her and bring her back to Storybrooke in order to reunite her with Maleficent, and Regina teams up with her in an effort to warn Robin Hood about Zelena, but the two are about to face what awaits them outside Storybrooke. Inside Storybrooke, Gold finds himself dealing with Belle, and back in Emma's past, her friendship with Lily after she is placed in a foster home could threaten their future. Title: Back to the Future Part II Passage: On October 26, 1985, Dr. Emmett Brown arrives in his flying time machine and persuades Marty McFly and his girlfriend, Jennifer Parker, to come back to the future with him to help their future children. Biff Tannen witnesses their departure. They arrive on October 21, 2015, where Doc electronically knocks out Jennifer and leaves her asleep in an alley, explaining that she should not have too much knowledge of future events. He has Marty pose as his own son and lookalike Marty Jr. to refuse an offer to participate in a robbery with Biff's grandson Griff, thus saving both of Marty's children from prison. Title: Back to the Future Passage: Back to the Future is a 1985 American science - fiction adventure comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Zemeckis and Bob Gale. It stars Michael J. Fox as teenager Marty McFly, who is sent back in time to 1955, where he meets his future parents in high school and accidentally becomes his mother's romantic interest. Christopher Lloyd portrays the eccentric scientist Dr. Emmett ``Doc ''Brown, Marty's friend who helps him repair the damage to history by helping Marty cause his parents to fall in love. Marty and Doc must also find a way to return Marty to 1985. Title: Chicago Cubs Passage: The 1989 film Back to the Future Part II depicts the Chicago Cubs defeating a baseball team from Miami in the 2015 World Series, ending the longest championship drought in all four of the major North American professional sports leagues. In 2015, the Miami Marlins failed to make the playoffs and were able to make it to the 2015 National League Wild Card round and move on to the 2015 National League Championship Series by October 21, 2015, the date where protagonist Marty McFly traveled to the future in the film. However, it was on October 21 that the Cubs were swept by the New York Mets in the NLCS.	[ "List of Back to the Future characters", "List of Back to the Future characters" ]
2hop__159215_779396	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"A\", the lowest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.", "title": "Quinton Township School District" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was the fourth son of John Coutts (1699–1751), who carried on business in Edinburgh as a corn factor and negotiator of bills of exchange, and who in 1742 was elected lord provost of the city. The family was originally of Montrose, but about 1696 one of its members had settled at Edinburgh, where in due course Thomas received his education at the Royal High School. Soon after the death of John Coutts the business was divided into two branches, one carried on in Edinburgh, the other in London.", "title": "Thomas Coutts" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Cory-Wright was educated at Eton College. He graduated with a BSc degree from Birmingham University in 1965. Richard Cory-Wright gained the rank of Lieutenant in the Leicestershire and Derbyshire Yeomanry.", "title": "Richard Cory-Wright" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham, and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was Master of the Temple from 1915 to 1919. He was made Bishop of Birmingham in 1924, the only bishop appointed during Ramsay MacDonald's first term in office. His modernist views, in particular objection to Reservation, led to conflict with the Anglo-Catholics in his diocese. A biography by his son, Sir John Barnes, \"Ahead of His Age: Bishop Barnes of Birmingham\", was published in 1979.", "title": "Ernest Barnes" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"I\", the second-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.", "title": "Sea Girt School District" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Riot on Sunset Strip is a 1967 counterculture-era exploitation movie, released by American International Pictures. It was filmed and released within four months of the late-1966 Sunset Strip curfew riots.", "title": "Riot on Sunset Strip" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Intelligence is an important factor in how the individual responds to education. Those who have higher intelligence tend to perform better at school and go on to higher levels of education. This effect is also observable in the opposite direction, in that education increases measurable intelligence. Studies have shown that while educational attainment is important in predicting intelligence in later life, intelligence at 53 is more closely correlated to intelligence at 8 years old than to educational attainment.", "title": "Education" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Out of the Ashes: Britain After the Riots is a 2011 book by the British Labour Party politician David Lammy about the 2011 England riots.", "title": "Out of the Ashes (book)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "While the riots were not initiated by Prime Minister William Pitt's administration, the national government was slow to respond to the Dissenters' pleas for help. Local Birmingham officials seem to have been involved in the planning of the riots, and they were later reluctant to prosecute any ringleaders. Industrialist James Watt wrote that the riots \"divided [Birmingham] into two parties who hate one another mortally\". Those who had been attacked gradually left, leaving Birmingham a more conservative city than it had been throughout the eighteenth century.", "title": "Priestley Riots" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"GH\", the third-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.", "title": "Green Brook School District" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"FG\", the fourth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.", "title": "Collingswood Public Schools" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"DE\", the fifth-highest of eight groups. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.", "title": "Butler Public Schools" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"DE\", the fifth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.", "title": "North Arlington School District" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"B\", the second-lowest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.", "title": "North Bergen School District" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "While working as an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, Watt became interested in the technology of steam engines. He realised that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and reheating the cylinder. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines. Eventually he adapted his engine to produce rotary motion, greatly broadening its use beyond pumping water.", "title": "James Watt" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"J\", the-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.", "title": "Woodcliff Lake Public Schools" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Delta Factor is a 1970 American Adventure film, co-produced and directed by Tay Garnett who co-wrote the screenplay with Raoul Walsh. It stars Christopher George and Yvette Mimieux. The film is based on the 1967 novel by Mickey Spillane.", "title": "The Delta Factor (film)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"CD\", the sixth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.", "title": "Keyport Public Schools" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Department of Higher Education and Training is one of the departments of the South African government. It oversees universities and other post-secondary education in South Africa. It was created in 2009 after the election of President Jacob Zuma, when the former Department of Education was divided.", "title": "Department of Higher Education and Training" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"J\", the highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.", "title": "Ho-Ho-Kus School District" } ]	Where was the person who wrote about the rioting being a dividing factor in Birmingham educated?	University of Glasgow	[]	Title: North Arlington School District Passage: The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "DE", the fifth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J. Title: Education Passage: Intelligence is an important factor in how the individual responds to education. Those who have higher intelligence tend to perform better at school and go on to higher levels of education. This effect is also observable in the opposite direction, in that education increases measurable intelligence. Studies have shown that while educational attainment is important in predicting intelligence in later life, intelligence at 53 is more closely correlated to intelligence at 8 years old than to educational attainment. Title: Green Brook School District Passage: The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "GH", the third-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J. Title: Ernest Barnes Passage: He was educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham, and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was Master of the Temple from 1915 to 1919. He was made Bishop of Birmingham in 1924, the only bishop appointed during Ramsay MacDonald's first term in office. His modernist views, in particular objection to Reservation, led to conflict with the Anglo-Catholics in his diocese. A biography by his son, Sir John Barnes, "Ahead of His Age: Bishop Barnes of Birmingham", was published in 1979. Title: Department of Higher Education and Training Passage: The Department of Higher Education and Training is one of the departments of the South African government. It oversees universities and other post-secondary education in South Africa. It was created in 2009 after the election of President Jacob Zuma, when the former Department of Education was divided. Title: North Bergen School District Passage: The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "B", the second-lowest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J. Title: Out of the Ashes (book) Passage: Out of the Ashes: Britain After the Riots is a 2011 book by the British Labour Party politician David Lammy about the 2011 England riots. Title: Ho-Ho-Kus School District Passage: The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "J", the highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J. Title: Woodcliff Lake Public Schools Passage: The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "J", the-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J. Title: James Watt Passage: While working as an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, Watt became interested in the technology of steam engines. He realised that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and reheating the cylinder. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines. Eventually he adapted his engine to produce rotary motion, greatly broadening its use beyond pumping water. Title: Collingswood Public Schools Passage: The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "FG", the fourth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J. Title: Quinton Township School District Passage: The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "A", the lowest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J. Title: Priestley Riots Passage: While the riots were not initiated by Prime Minister William Pitt's administration, the national government was slow to respond to the Dissenters' pleas for help. Local Birmingham officials seem to have been involved in the planning of the riots, and they were later reluctant to prosecute any ringleaders. Industrialist James Watt wrote that the riots "divided [Birmingham] into two parties who hate one another mortally". Those who had been attacked gradually left, leaving Birmingham a more conservative city than it had been throughout the eighteenth century. Title: Sea Girt School District Passage: The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "I", the second-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J. Title: The Delta Factor (film) Passage: The Delta Factor is a 1970 American Adventure film, co-produced and directed by Tay Garnett who co-wrote the screenplay with Raoul Walsh. It stars Christopher George and Yvette Mimieux. The film is based on the 1967 novel by Mickey Spillane. Title: Thomas Coutts Passage: He was the fourth son of John Coutts (1699–1751), who carried on business in Edinburgh as a corn factor and negotiator of bills of exchange, and who in 1742 was elected lord provost of the city. The family was originally of Montrose, but about 1696 one of its members had settled at Edinburgh, where in due course Thomas received his education at the Royal High School. Soon after the death of John Coutts the business was divided into two branches, one carried on in Edinburgh, the other in London. Title: Riot on Sunset Strip Passage: Riot on Sunset Strip is a 1967 counterculture-era exploitation movie, released by American International Pictures. It was filmed and released within four months of the late-1966 Sunset Strip curfew riots. Title: Keyport Public Schools Passage: The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "CD", the sixth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J. Title: Butler Public Schools Passage: The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "DE", the fifth-highest of eight groups. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J. Title: Richard Cory-Wright Passage: Richard Cory-Wright was educated at Eton College. He graduated with a BSc degree from Birmingham University in 1965. Richard Cory-Wright gained the rank of Lieutenant in the Leicestershire and Derbyshire Yeomanry.	[ "Priestley Riots", "James Watt" ]
2hop__61714_53995	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The ``will they or wo n't they ''tension between Jim and Pam is a strong storyline in the early episodes of The Office, encompassing much of Seasons 1 to 3. In the opener of Season 4, the two characters are revealed to be dating, and as such, other character romances, such as the romance between fellow co-workers Dwight Schrute and Angela Martin, begin to move more toward the forefront of episodes. In Season 6, Jim and Pam are married in the season's 4th and 5th episodes (hour long), a feat considered noteworthy by many television critics, as bringing together the two lead love interests in a television series is often thought to be a risky venture. Their child is born in the second half of the season, during another hour long,`` The Delivery''. Pam and Jim's second child is born during season 8. In season 9, their marriage becomes strained when Jim takes up a second job in Philadelphia. They ultimately decide to leave Dunder Mifflin together so Jim can pursue his dream job.", "title": "Pam Beesly" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pam Shriver and Natasha Zvereva were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Shriver with Martina Navratilova and Zvereva with Gigi Fernández.", "title": "1992 US Open – Women's Doubles" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pamela Barnes Ewing is a fictional character from the CBS primetime soap opera, Dallas. Pamela is portrayed by actress Victoria Principal, first appearing on the show in the first episode, entitled ``Digger's Daughter '', which was first broadcast on April 2, 1978. Dallas follows the trials of the wealthy Ewing oil family in the city of Dallas, Texas, which Pam has married into. Principal played Pam until the end of the tenth season of Dallas in 1987, when the character crashes into a truck carrying butane and propane and her body is severely burned. After this, she is briefly played by actress Margaret Michaels in an attempt to write the character out. Pamela's storylines in season 1 focus on her relationship with her new husband, Bobby Ewing (Patrick Duffy), and her fight against the considerable suspicion and hostility from within the Ewing family, due to Pamela being a member of the Barnes family. Pamela's love for Bobby remains a strong character trait throughout her tenure on the show, noted for its similarities to Romeo and Juliet, with two people from hostile families falling in love.", "title": "Pam Ewing" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pam participates in an art show, but few people attend. Her co-worker, Oscar, brings his partner along who, not knowing that Pam is standing behind him, criticizes her work by proclaiming that ``real art requires courage. ''Oscar then goes on to say that courage is n't one of Pam's strong points. Affected by this statement, Pam tells the documentary crew that she is going to be more honest, culminating in a dramatic coal walk during the next - to - last episode of the season,`` Beach Games'', and a seemingly sincere speech to Jim in front of the entire office about their relationship. Michael also comes to the art show and reveals his erratically kind heart and loyalty by buying, framing and hanging Pam's drawing of the Dunder Mifflin building in the office. In the season finale, ``The Job, ''she leaves a friendly note in Jim's briefcase and an old memento depicting the 'gold medal' yogurt lid from the Office Olympics, which he sees during an interview for a job at Corporate in New York City. While he is asked how he`` would function here in New York'', Jim is shown to have his mind back in Scranton, still distracted by the thought of Pam. Jim withdraws his name from consideration and drives back to the office, where he interrupts a talking head Pam is doing for the documentary crew by asking her out for dinner. She happily accepts, visibly moved, abandoning a train of thought about how she would be fine if Jim got the job and never came back to Scranton. Karen quits soon after, becoming the regional manager at Dunder Mifflin's Utica branch.", "title": "Pam Beesly" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I Said a Prayer\" is a song written by Leslie Satcher, and recorded by American country music artist Pam Tillis. It was released in May 1998 as the first single from the album \"Every Time\". The song reached #12 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "title": "I Said a Prayer" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Licence to Kill ''-- Gladys Knight`` Wedding Party'' -- Ivory ``Dirty Love ''-- Tim Feehan`` Pam'' ``If You Asked Me To ''-- Patti LaBelle`` James & Felix on Their Way to Church'' ``His Funny Valentine ''`` Sanchez Is in the Bahamas / Shark Fishing'' ``Ninja ''`` Licence Revoked''", "title": "Licence to Kill (soundtrack)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pam Faris is a former Democratic member of the Michigan House of Representatives and a former employee with the Genessee Circuit Court system. She is the wife of former Lieutenant Governor John D. Cherry.", "title": "Pam Faris" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In ``The Merger '', Jim's and Pam's reunion is awkward. Pam is overjoyed, but Jim is clearly uncomfortable. He lets Pam know that he is seeing someone, and gradually Karen is introduced as his girlfriend. As Jim settles back in at Scranton, he uses his promotion as an excuse to avoid his old interactions and pranks with Pam, claiming that pulling pranks is not appropriate for his position. However, in time, Jim does return to his old ways, especially targeting Andy Bernard, a Stamford transfer, and Dwight.", "title": "Jim Halpert" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pam Belluck, an American journalist and author, is a health and science writer for \"The New York Times\" and author of the acclaimed nonfiction book \"Island Practice,\" which is in development for a television series.", "title": "Pam Belluck" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jim and Pam marry early in the season, at Niagara Falls, during the highly anticipated, hour long episode, ``Niagara ''. The ending of the episode, in which their co-workers dance down the aisle, is an imitation of a viral YouTube video -- JK Wedding Entrance Dance. Following the wedding, a multi-episode story arc begins in which it is revealed that Michael hooked up with Pam's mother the night of the wedding. The two break up during`` Double Date'', an episode that ends with Pam slapping Michael in response to his actions.", "title": "Pam Beesly" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"My Whole World Ended (The Moment You Left Me)\" is the solo debut single for former Temptations lead singer David Ruffin, released on Motown Records in early 1969 (see 1969 in music). The song was written by Harvey Fuqua, Johnny Bristol, Pam Sawyer, and James Roach, with its melody and intro based upon the classical music piece \"Frühlingslied\" by Felix Mendelssohn. Fuqua and Bristol handled the recording's production.", "title": "My Whole World Ended (The Moment You Left Me)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melissa Pam Ordway Gaston (born March 31, 1983) is an American actress and model. She has modeled in many campaigns and acted in such films as 17 Again and on television in Privileged. She currently portrays the character of Abby Newman on the drama series The Young and the Restless.", "title": "Melissa Ordway" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rwang Pam Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Jos, Nigeria. It is used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Jos teams JUTH F.C., Plateau United and Mighty Jets. The stadium has a capacity of 15,000 spectators.", "title": "Rwang Pam Stadium" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pam's breastfeeding does not go well, and though a male lactation consultant (Lee Kirk, Jenna Fischer's husband, and at that time Jenna's fiance) is summoned to provide apparently successful coaching, Cecelia still fails to ``latch ''properly. Against the advice of the nurse, Jim and Pam opt to have Cecelia spend the night with them instead of in the nursery, and they are kept up long hours tending to her. A sleep - deprived Pam accidentally nurses a baby that belongs to a new mom (Melissa Rauch) in the same hospital room. As Jim and Pam get ready to leave the hospital, Pam manages to breast feed Cecelia while Jim gets the car (which is littered with parking tickets, thanks to Michael parking the car in an ambulance only zone).", "title": "The Delivery (The Office)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael Scott (Steve Carell) is frustrated that Take Your Daughter to Work Day will force him to tone down his office antics. Toby Flenderson (Paul Lieberstein) and Stanley Hudson (Leslie David Baker) bring their daughters, Sasha (Delaney Ruth Farrell) and Melissa (Jazz Raycole) respectively, Kevin Malone (Brian Baumgartner) brings his fiancée's daughter, Abby, and Meredith Palmer (Kate Flannery) brings her son, Jake (Spencer Daniels). Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer) is determined to befriend one child by the end of the day. She tries with Abby, who instead takes a liking to Jim. Pam watches, clearly endeared to Jim's way with kids. Sasha walks into Michael's office and plays with his toys, and after his jokes she is quite fond of him. Melissa develops a crush on Ryan Howard (B.J. Novak) and asks for his number, while Kelly Kapoor (Mindy Kaling) alerts Stanley that Ryan may be up to something. Stanley angrily reprimands a confused Ryan for his ``motives '', which Ryan later described as`` one of the most frightening experiences'' of his life.", "title": "Take Your Daughter to Work Day (The Office)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As the day wears on, Michael becomes convinced that what happened to his office is a hate crime and an act of terrorism. Believing it to have been perpetrated by someone in the office, he begins to lose his faith in his employees, whom he considers his friends. Michael tries talking to his former boss Ed Truck (Ken Howard), who tells him that he does not need to have his employees be his friends. But his mood changes drastically when he finds out the prank was carried out by his obnoxious friend Todd Packer (David Koechner). Michael instantly finds the joke hilarious, and his faith in his friends is restored. At the end of the day, Jim is cheered up when he finds that all seven of his voicemail messages were left by Pam throughout the day. Jim is seen driving home, and Pam's voicemails act as a voice - over, closing out the episode.", "title": "The Carpet" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Season three marks a turning point for Pam's character: she gains self - confidence and appears less passive and more self - assured as the season progresses. In ``Gay Witch Hunt, ''the season's opener, it is revealed that Pam got cold feet before her wedding and did not marry Roy after all, and that Jim transferred to a different Dunder Mifflin branch, in Stamford, shortly after Pam rejected him a second time, after their kiss. Pam moves into her own apartment, begins taking art classes, a pursuit that Roy had previously dismissed as a waste of time, and buys a new car, a blue Toyota Yaris. Jim returns to Scranton later on as a result of`` The Merger'', and brings along a female co-worker, Karen Filippelli, whom he begins dating. Jim and Pam appeared to have ended all communication after Jim transfers to the Stamford branch (aside from an episode in which Jim accidentally calls Pam at the end of the work day), and their episodes together following the branch merge are tense, despite both admitting to still harboring feelings for the other during the presence of the documentary cameras.", "title": "Pam Beesly" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pamela Joan \"Pam\" Boyd-Petroski (born September 27, 1955 in Atlantic City, New Jersey) is an American former handball player who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Pamela Boyd" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the Season 5 premiere, ``Weight Loss '', Pam begins her three - month course at the Pratt Institute. In this episode, Jim proposes in the pouring rain at a rest stop, saying that he`` ca n't wait''. In ``Business Trip '', Pam learns that she is failing one of her classes and will have to remain in New York another three months to retake it. Although Jim is supportive and tells her he will wait for her to come back`` the right way'', she ultimately makes the decision to return home, saying that she realized she hated graphic design and missed Scranton. A deleted scene for the episode shows Jim looking through Pam's graphic design projects, which he thinks are ``cool '', as well as a notebook filled with pencil sketches, which he finds a lot more impressive than her graphic design projects, implying her talents lie in hand - drawn works. In`` Two Weeks'', Pam agrees to become Michael's first saleswoman in his not - yet - established company, The Michael Scott Paper Co., as a supportive Jim looks on. When David Wallace makes an offer to buy the company Michael negotiates in order to get their jobs at Dunder Mifflin back instead, including adding Pam to the sales team. In ``Company Picnic '', Pam, after dominating the company volleyball tournament, injures her ankle during a game and is taken to the hospital against her wishes. At the hospital, the camera crew is stationed outside an exam room while a doctor updates Jim and Pam on her condition. There is no audio as the camera shows Jim and Pam embrace, looking shocked and ecstatic. It is implied that she is pregnant and is confirmed in the Season 6 premiere,`` Gossip''.", "title": "Pam Beesly" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "World Food Programme World Food Programme WFP Headquarters in Rome Abbreviation WFP, PAM Formation 1961 Type UN Humanitarian Programme Legal status Active Headquarters Rome, Italy Head David Beasley Website www.wfp.org", "title": "World Food Programme" } ]	When do Pam and Pam's spouse on The Office end up together?	during the highly anticipated, hour long episode, ``Niagara ''	[]	Title: Melissa Ordway Passage: Melissa Pam Ordway Gaston (born March 31, 1983) is an American actress and model. She has modeled in many campaigns and acted in such films as 17 Again and on television in Privileged. She currently portrays the character of Abby Newman on the drama series The Young and the Restless. Title: Pamela Boyd Passage: Pamela Joan "Pam" Boyd-Petroski (born September 27, 1955 in Atlantic City, New Jersey) is an American former handball player who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics. Title: Licence to Kill (soundtrack) Passage: ``Licence to Kill ''-- Gladys Knight`` Wedding Party'' -- Ivory ``Dirty Love ''-- Tim Feehan`` Pam'' ``If You Asked Me To ''-- Patti LaBelle`` James & Felix on Their Way to Church'' ``His Funny Valentine ''`` Sanchez Is in the Bahamas / Shark Fishing'' ``Ninja ''`` Licence Revoked'' Title: My Whole World Ended (The Moment You Left Me) Passage: "My Whole World Ended (The Moment You Left Me)" is the solo debut single for former Temptations lead singer David Ruffin, released on Motown Records in early 1969 (see 1969 in music). The song was written by Harvey Fuqua, Johnny Bristol, Pam Sawyer, and James Roach, with its melody and intro based upon the classical music piece "Frühlingslied" by Felix Mendelssohn. Fuqua and Bristol handled the recording's production. Title: Pam Beesly Passage: Jim and Pam marry early in the season, at Niagara Falls, during the highly anticipated, hour long episode, ``Niagara ''. The ending of the episode, in which their co-workers dance down the aisle, is an imitation of a viral YouTube video -- JK Wedding Entrance Dance. Following the wedding, a multi-episode story arc begins in which it is revealed that Michael hooked up with Pam's mother the night of the wedding. The two break up during`` Double Date'', an episode that ends with Pam slapping Michael in response to his actions. Title: The Carpet Passage: As the day wears on, Michael becomes convinced that what happened to his office is a hate crime and an act of terrorism. Believing it to have been perpetrated by someone in the office, he begins to lose his faith in his employees, whom he considers his friends. Michael tries talking to his former boss Ed Truck (Ken Howard), who tells him that he does not need to have his employees be his friends. But his mood changes drastically when he finds out the prank was carried out by his obnoxious friend Todd Packer (David Koechner). Michael instantly finds the joke hilarious, and his faith in his friends is restored. At the end of the day, Jim is cheered up when he finds that all seven of his voicemail messages were left by Pam throughout the day. Jim is seen driving home, and Pam's voicemails act as a voice - over, closing out the episode. Title: Jim Halpert Passage: In ``The Merger '', Jim's and Pam's reunion is awkward. Pam is overjoyed, but Jim is clearly uncomfortable. He lets Pam know that he is seeing someone, and gradually Karen is introduced as his girlfriend. As Jim settles back in at Scranton, he uses his promotion as an excuse to avoid his old interactions and pranks with Pam, claiming that pulling pranks is not appropriate for his position. However, in time, Jim does return to his old ways, especially targeting Andy Bernard, a Stamford transfer, and Dwight. Title: World Food Programme Passage: World Food Programme World Food Programme WFP Headquarters in Rome Abbreviation WFP, PAM Formation 1961 Type UN Humanitarian Programme Legal status Active Headquarters Rome, Italy Head David Beasley Website www.wfp.org Title: Pam Beesly Passage: Pam participates in an art show, but few people attend. Her co-worker, Oscar, brings his partner along who, not knowing that Pam is standing behind him, criticizes her work by proclaiming that ``real art requires courage. ''Oscar then goes on to say that courage is n't one of Pam's strong points. Affected by this statement, Pam tells the documentary crew that she is going to be more honest, culminating in a dramatic coal walk during the next - to - last episode of the season,`` Beach Games'', and a seemingly sincere speech to Jim in front of the entire office about their relationship. Michael also comes to the art show and reveals his erratically kind heart and loyalty by buying, framing and hanging Pam's drawing of the Dunder Mifflin building in the office. In the season finale, ``The Job, ''she leaves a friendly note in Jim's briefcase and an old memento depicting the 'gold medal' yogurt lid from the Office Olympics, which he sees during an interview for a job at Corporate in New York City. While he is asked how he`` would function here in New York'', Jim is shown to have his mind back in Scranton, still distracted by the thought of Pam. Jim withdraws his name from consideration and drives back to the office, where he interrupts a talking head Pam is doing for the documentary crew by asking her out for dinner. She happily accepts, visibly moved, abandoning a train of thought about how she would be fine if Jim got the job and never came back to Scranton. Karen quits soon after, becoming the regional manager at Dunder Mifflin's Utica branch. Title: I Said a Prayer Passage: "I Said a Prayer" is a song written by Leslie Satcher, and recorded by American country music artist Pam Tillis. It was released in May 1998 as the first single from the album "Every Time". The song reached #12 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Title: Pam Beesly Passage: The ``will they or wo n't they ''tension between Jim and Pam is a strong storyline in the early episodes of The Office, encompassing much of Seasons 1 to 3. In the opener of Season 4, the two characters are revealed to be dating, and as such, other character romances, such as the romance between fellow co-workers Dwight Schrute and Angela Martin, begin to move more toward the forefront of episodes. In Season 6, Jim and Pam are married in the season's 4th and 5th episodes (hour long), a feat considered noteworthy by many television critics, as bringing together the two lead love interests in a television series is often thought to be a risky venture. Their child is born in the second half of the season, during another hour long,`` The Delivery''. Pam and Jim's second child is born during season 8. In season 9, their marriage becomes strained when Jim takes up a second job in Philadelphia. They ultimately decide to leave Dunder Mifflin together so Jim can pursue his dream job. Title: Pam Beesly Passage: In the Season 5 premiere, ``Weight Loss '', Pam begins her three - month course at the Pratt Institute. In this episode, Jim proposes in the pouring rain at a rest stop, saying that he`` ca n't wait''. In ``Business Trip '', Pam learns that she is failing one of her classes and will have to remain in New York another three months to retake it. Although Jim is supportive and tells her he will wait for her to come back`` the right way'', she ultimately makes the decision to return home, saying that she realized she hated graphic design and missed Scranton. A deleted scene for the episode shows Jim looking through Pam's graphic design projects, which he thinks are ``cool '', as well as a notebook filled with pencil sketches, which he finds a lot more impressive than her graphic design projects, implying her talents lie in hand - drawn works. In`` Two Weeks'', Pam agrees to become Michael's first saleswoman in his not - yet - established company, The Michael Scott Paper Co., as a supportive Jim looks on. When David Wallace makes an offer to buy the company Michael negotiates in order to get their jobs at Dunder Mifflin back instead, including adding Pam to the sales team. In ``Company Picnic '', Pam, after dominating the company volleyball tournament, injures her ankle during a game and is taken to the hospital against her wishes. At the hospital, the camera crew is stationed outside an exam room while a doctor updates Jim and Pam on her condition. There is no audio as the camera shows Jim and Pam embrace, looking shocked and ecstatic. It is implied that she is pregnant and is confirmed in the Season 6 premiere,`` Gossip''. Title: Take Your Daughter to Work Day (The Office) Passage: Michael Scott (Steve Carell) is frustrated that Take Your Daughter to Work Day will force him to tone down his office antics. Toby Flenderson (Paul Lieberstein) and Stanley Hudson (Leslie David Baker) bring their daughters, Sasha (Delaney Ruth Farrell) and Melissa (Jazz Raycole) respectively, Kevin Malone (Brian Baumgartner) brings his fiancée's daughter, Abby, and Meredith Palmer (Kate Flannery) brings her son, Jake (Spencer Daniels). Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer) is determined to befriend one child by the end of the day. She tries with Abby, who instead takes a liking to Jim. Pam watches, clearly endeared to Jim's way with kids. Sasha walks into Michael's office and plays with his toys, and after his jokes she is quite fond of him. Melissa develops a crush on Ryan Howard (B.J. Novak) and asks for his number, while Kelly Kapoor (Mindy Kaling) alerts Stanley that Ryan may be up to something. Stanley angrily reprimands a confused Ryan for his ``motives '', which Ryan later described as`` one of the most frightening experiences'' of his life. Title: Rwang Pam Stadium Passage: Rwang Pam Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Jos, Nigeria. It is used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Jos teams JUTH F.C., Plateau United and Mighty Jets. The stadium has a capacity of 15,000 spectators. Title: Pam Belluck Passage: Pam Belluck, an American journalist and author, is a health and science writer for "The New York Times" and author of the acclaimed nonfiction book "Island Practice," which is in development for a television series. Title: The Delivery (The Office) Passage: Pam's breastfeeding does not go well, and though a male lactation consultant (Lee Kirk, Jenna Fischer's husband, and at that time Jenna's fiance) is summoned to provide apparently successful coaching, Cecelia still fails to ``latch ''properly. Against the advice of the nurse, Jim and Pam opt to have Cecelia spend the night with them instead of in the nursery, and they are kept up long hours tending to her. A sleep - deprived Pam accidentally nurses a baby that belongs to a new mom (Melissa Rauch) in the same hospital room. As Jim and Pam get ready to leave the hospital, Pam manages to breast feed Cecelia while Jim gets the car (which is littered with parking tickets, thanks to Michael parking the car in an ambulance only zone). Title: Pam Beesly Passage: Season three marks a turning point for Pam's character: she gains self - confidence and appears less passive and more self - assured as the season progresses. In ``Gay Witch Hunt, ''the season's opener, it is revealed that Pam got cold feet before her wedding and did not marry Roy after all, and that Jim transferred to a different Dunder Mifflin branch, in Stamford, shortly after Pam rejected him a second time, after their kiss. Pam moves into her own apartment, begins taking art classes, a pursuit that Roy had previously dismissed as a waste of time, and buys a new car, a blue Toyota Yaris. Jim returns to Scranton later on as a result of`` The Merger'', and brings along a female co-worker, Karen Filippelli, whom he begins dating. Jim and Pam appeared to have ended all communication after Jim transfers to the Stamford branch (aside from an episode in which Jim accidentally calls Pam at the end of the work day), and their episodes together following the branch merge are tense, despite both admitting to still harboring feelings for the other during the presence of the documentary cameras. Title: Pam Ewing Passage: Pamela Barnes Ewing is a fictional character from the CBS primetime soap opera, Dallas. Pamela is portrayed by actress Victoria Principal, first appearing on the show in the first episode, entitled ``Digger's Daughter '', which was first broadcast on April 2, 1978. Dallas follows the trials of the wealthy Ewing oil family in the city of Dallas, Texas, which Pam has married into. Principal played Pam until the end of the tenth season of Dallas in 1987, when the character crashes into a truck carrying butane and propane and her body is severely burned. After this, she is briefly played by actress Margaret Michaels in an attempt to write the character out. Pamela's storylines in season 1 focus on her relationship with her new husband, Bobby Ewing (Patrick Duffy), and her fight against the considerable suspicion and hostility from within the Ewing family, due to Pamela being a member of the Barnes family. Pamela's love for Bobby remains a strong character trait throughout her tenure on the show, noted for its similarities to Romeo and Juliet, with two people from hostile families falling in love. Title: 1992 US Open – Women's Doubles Passage: Pam Shriver and Natasha Zvereva were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Shriver with Martina Navratilova and Zvereva with Gigi Fernández. Title: Pam Faris Passage: Pam Faris is a former Democratic member of the Michigan House of Representatives and a former employee with the Genessee Circuit Court system. She is the wife of former Lieutenant Governor John D. Cherry.	[ "Pam Beesly", "Pam Beesly" ]
2hop__96414_159054	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bourne Betrayal is the title for the novel by Eric Van Lustbader and the fifth novel in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was published in June 2007. It is Lustbader's second Bourne novel, following \"The Bourne Legacy\" that was published in 2004. Lustbader has written a sequel to \"The Bourne Betrayal\" titled \"The Bourne Sanction\".", "title": "The Bourne Betrayal" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bourne Legacy is a 2012 American action thriller film directed by Tony Gilroy, and is the fourth installment in the series of films adapted from the Jason Bourne novels originated by Robert Ludlum and continued by Eric Van Lustbader, being preceded by The Bourne Identity (2002), The Bourne Supremacy (2004), and The Bourne Ultimatum (2007). Although this film has the same title as Van Lustbader's first Bourne novel, The Bourne Legacy, the actual screenplay bears little resemblance to the novel. Unlike the novel, which features Jason Bourne as the principal character, the film centers on black ops agent Aaron Cross (played by Jeremy Renner), an original character. In addition to Renner, the film stars Rachel Weisz and Edward Norton.", "title": "The Bourne Legacy (film)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Malta Story is a 1953 British war film, directed by Brian Desmond Hurst, which is based on the heroic air defence of Malta during the Siege of Malta in the Second World War. The film uses real and unique footage of the locations at which the battles were fought and includes a love story between a RAF pilot and a Maltese woman, as well as the anticipated execution of her brother, caught as an Italian spy. The character of \"Peter Ross\" is loosely based on Adrian Warburton.", "title": "Malta Story" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bourne Supremacy is the second Jason Bourne novel written by Robert Ludlum, first published in 1986. It is the sequel to Ludlum's bestseller \"The Bourne Identity\" (1980) and precedes Ludlum's final Bourne novel, \"The Bourne Ultimatum\" (1990).", "title": "The Bourne Supremacy" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It Happens Every Spring is a 1949 American comedy film starring Ray Milland and directed by Lloyd Bacon. The story of a baseball pitcher is completely fictitious, and the main character King Kelly is not based on or related to the actual player.", "title": "It Happens Every Spring" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Bourne Ultimatum is a 2007 action spy film directed by Paul Greengrass loosely based on the novel of the same name by Robert Ludlum. The screenplay was written by Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi and based on a screen story of the novel by Gilroy. The Bourne Ultimatum is the third in the Jason Bourne film series, being preceded by The Bourne Identity (2002) and The Bourne Supremacy (2004). The fourth film, The Bourne Legacy, was released in August 2012, without the involvement of Damon, and the fifth film (a direct sequel to Ultimatum), Jason Bourne, was released in July 2016.", "title": "The Bourne Ultimatum (film)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bourne Legacy is a 2012 American action thriller film directed by Tony Gilroy, and is the fourth installment in the series of films adapted from the \"Jason Bourne\" novels originated by Robert Ludlum and continued by Eric Van Lustbader, being preceded by \"The Bourne Identity\" (2002), \"The Bourne Supremacy\" (2004), and \"The Bourne Ultimatum\" (2007). Although this film has the same title as Van Lustbader's first \"Bourne\" novel, \"The Bourne Legacy\", the actual screenplay bears little resemblance to the novel. Unlike the novel, which features Jason Bourne as the principal character, the film centers on black ops agent Aaron Cross (played by Jeremy Renner), an original character. In addition to Renner, the film stars Rachel Weisz and Edward Norton.", "title": "The Bourne Legacy (film)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"A Jury of Her Peers\", written in 1917, is a short story by Susan Glaspell, loosely based on the 1900 murder of John Hossack (not the famed abolitionist), which Glaspell covered while working as a journalist for the Des Moines Daily News. It is seen as an example of early feminist literature because two female characters are able to solve a mystery that the male characters cannot. They are aided by their knowledge of women's psychology.", "title": "A Jury of Her Peers" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Shelbourne Ultimatum is a 2012 novel by Irish journalist and author Paul Howard and the twelfth in the Ross O'Carroll-Kelly series.", "title": "The Shelbourne Ultimatum" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Castle Rock is an upcoming American psychological horror web television series based on the stories of Stephen King, intertwining characters and themes from the fictional town of Castle Rock. It is set to premiere in mid-2018 on Hulu.", "title": "Castle Rock (TV series)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cardillac is an opera by Paul Hindemith in three acts and four scenes. Ferdinand Lion wrote the libretto based on characters from the short story \"Das Fräulein von Scuderi\" by E.T.A. Hoffmann.", "title": "Cardillac" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Almquist shell (ash): written as a BSD - licensed replacement for the Bourne Shell; often used in resource - constrained environments. The sh of FreeBSD, NetBSD (and their derivatives) are based on ash that has been enhanced to be POSIX conformant for the occasion. Bourne - Again shell (bash): written as part of the GNU Project to provide a superset of Bourne Shell functionality. This shell can be found installed and is the default interactive shell for users on most Linux and macOS systems. Debian Almquist shell (dash): a modern replacement for ash in Debian and Ubuntu Korn shell (ksh): written by David Korn based on the Bourne shell sources while working at Bell Labs Public domain Korn shell (pdksh) MirBSD Korn shell (mksh): a descendant of the OpenBSD / bin / ksh and pdksh, developed as part of MirOS BSD Z shell (zsh): a relatively modern shell that is backward compatible with bash Busybox: a set of Unix utilities for small and embedded systems, which includes 2 shells: ash, a derivative of the Almquist shell; and hush, an independent implementation of a Bourne shell.", "title": "Unix shell" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heart of Glass () is a 1976 German film directed and produced by Werner Herzog, set in 18th century Bavaria. The film was written by Herzog, based partly on a story by Herbert Achternbusch. The main character is Hias, based on the legendary Bavarian prophet Mühlhiasl.", "title": "Heart of Glass (film)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bourne Sanction is the title for the novel by Eric Van Lustbader and the sixth novel in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was released on July 29, 2008. It is Lustbader's third Bourne novel, following \"The Bourne Betrayal\" that was published in 2007.", "title": "The Bourne Sanction" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Producer Frank Marshall said Universal Pictures is hoping to plan a sequel to Jason Bourne, making it the sixth Bourne film. He also stated that a sequel to The Bourne Legacy featuring Renner's Cross is unlikely although he did not explicitly rule it out. However, in March 2017, Matt Damon cast doubt upon a sequel, hinting that people ``might be done ''with the character.", "title": "Bourne (film series)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As is the case in previous games in the Assassin's Creed series, the story is divided into two intertwined halves, with one in the present day, one in a historical setting, and the events of each influencing the other. Although the present - day story had previously established that an Animus was required to view one's ancestors memories, the ending of Assassin's Creed III reveals that Abstergo can now view a host's genetic memories simply by sequencing the host's DNA. As such, the player character is hired by Abstergo Entertainment to investigate a pivotal character in Desmond's ancestry, the Assassin Edward Kenway. A notorious pirate and privateer operating during the Golden Age of Piracy, Kenway's story is set in the Caribbean, and mixes open - ended ship - based exploration with combat and land - based adventures in Cuba and Jamaica, and on a number of Caribbean islands, parts of southern Florida and eastern Mexico.", "title": "Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Film U.S. release date Director Screenwriter (s) Story by Producer (s) The Bourne Identity June 14, 2002 (2002 - 06 - 14) Doug Liman Tony Gilroy and William Blake Herron Doug Liman, Patrick Crowley and Richard N. Gladstein The Bourne Supremacy July 23, 2004 (2004 - 07 - 23) Paul Greengrass Tony Gilroy Frank Marshall, Patrick Crowley and Paul L. Sandberg The Bourne Ultimatum August 3, 2007 (2007 - 08 - 03) Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi Tony Gilroy The Bourne Legacy August 10, 2012 (2012 - 08 - 10) Tony Gilroy Tony Gilroy and Dan Gilroy Frank Marshall, Patrick Crowley, Jeffrey M. Weiner and Ben Smith Jason Bourne July 29, 2016 (2016 - 07 - 29) Paul Greengrass Paul Greengrass and Christopher Rouse Matt Damon, Paul Greengrass, Gregory Goodman, Frank Marshall, Jeffrey M. Weiner and Ben Smith", "title": "Bourne (film series)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Bourne Ultimatum is the third Jason Bourne novel written by Robert Ludlum and a sequel to \"The Bourne Supremacy\" (1986). First published in 1990, it was the last Bourne novel to be written by Ludlum himself. Eric Van Lustbader wrote a sequel titled \"The Bourne Legacy\" fourteen years later.", "title": "The Bourne Ultimatum" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bakor Patel is children's literature character created by Hariprasad Vyas for funny animal stories published by \"Gandiv\", a children's biweekly in Gujarati language published by Gandiv Sahitya Mandir, Surat, Gujarat, India. The humorous stories about Bakor Patel written by Vyas which first appeared in 1936 and continued till 1955. The stories include other anthropomorphic characters including his wife, Shakri Patlani. The stories were accompanied with an illustration and title printed in typical typography which were drawn by two Surat based artist brothers, Tansukh and Mansukh. The character became the icon of Gujarati children's literature and was adapted into a children's play.", "title": "Bakor Patel" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paddington is a 2014 live - action animated comedy film written and directed by Paul King from a story by King and Hamish McColl and produced by David Heyman. Based on the stories of the character Paddington Bear created by Michael Bond, the film stars Ben Whishaw as the voice of the title character, with Hugh Bonneville, Sally Hawkins, Julie Walters, Jim Broadbent, Peter Capaldi, and Nicole Kidman in live - action roles. The film tells the story of the eponymous character Paddington, an anthropomorphic bear who migrates from the jungles of Peru to the streets of London, where he is adopted by the Brown family. Kidman plays the role of a taxidermist, who attempts to add him to her collection.", "title": "Paddington (film)" } ]	What was the story of the character from The Bourne Ultimatum based on?	the novel of the same name by Robert Ludlum	[ "Robert Ludlum" ]	Title: Malta Story Passage: Malta Story is a 1953 British war film, directed by Brian Desmond Hurst, which is based on the heroic air defence of Malta during the Siege of Malta in the Second World War. The film uses real and unique footage of the locations at which the battles were fought and includes a love story between a RAF pilot and a Maltese woman, as well as the anticipated execution of her brother, caught as an Italian spy. The character of "Peter Ross" is loosely based on Adrian Warburton. Title: Castle Rock (TV series) Passage: Castle Rock is an upcoming American psychological horror web television series based on the stories of Stephen King, intertwining characters and themes from the fictional town of Castle Rock. It is set to premiere in mid-2018 on Hulu. Title: Bourne (film series) Passage: Producer Frank Marshall said Universal Pictures is hoping to plan a sequel to Jason Bourne, making it the sixth Bourne film. He also stated that a sequel to The Bourne Legacy featuring Renner's Cross is unlikely although he did not explicitly rule it out. However, in March 2017, Matt Damon cast doubt upon a sequel, hinting that people ``might be done ''with the character. Title: Paddington (film) Passage: Paddington is a 2014 live - action animated comedy film written and directed by Paul King from a story by King and Hamish McColl and produced by David Heyman. Based on the stories of the character Paddington Bear created by Michael Bond, the film stars Ben Whishaw as the voice of the title character, with Hugh Bonneville, Sally Hawkins, Julie Walters, Jim Broadbent, Peter Capaldi, and Nicole Kidman in live - action roles. The film tells the story of the eponymous character Paddington, an anthropomorphic bear who migrates from the jungles of Peru to the streets of London, where he is adopted by the Brown family. Kidman plays the role of a taxidermist, who attempts to add him to her collection. Title: The Bourne Ultimatum Passage: The Bourne Ultimatum is the third Jason Bourne novel written by Robert Ludlum and a sequel to "The Bourne Supremacy" (1986). First published in 1990, it was the last Bourne novel to be written by Ludlum himself. Eric Van Lustbader wrote a sequel titled "The Bourne Legacy" fourteen years later. Title: Bakor Patel Passage: Bakor Patel is children's literature character created by Hariprasad Vyas for funny animal stories published by "Gandiv", a children's biweekly in Gujarati language published by Gandiv Sahitya Mandir, Surat, Gujarat, India. The humorous stories about Bakor Patel written by Vyas which first appeared in 1936 and continued till 1955. The stories include other anthropomorphic characters including his wife, Shakri Patlani. The stories were accompanied with an illustration and title printed in typical typography which were drawn by two Surat based artist brothers, Tansukh and Mansukh. The character became the icon of Gujarati children's literature and was adapted into a children's play. Title: Bourne (film series) Passage: Film U.S. release date Director Screenwriter (s) Story by Producer (s) The Bourne Identity June 14, 2002 (2002 - 06 - 14) Doug Liman Tony Gilroy and William Blake Herron Doug Liman, Patrick Crowley and Richard N. Gladstein The Bourne Supremacy July 23, 2004 (2004 - 07 - 23) Paul Greengrass Tony Gilroy Frank Marshall, Patrick Crowley and Paul L. Sandberg The Bourne Ultimatum August 3, 2007 (2007 - 08 - 03) Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi Tony Gilroy The Bourne Legacy August 10, 2012 (2012 - 08 - 10) Tony Gilroy Tony Gilroy and Dan Gilroy Frank Marshall, Patrick Crowley, Jeffrey M. Weiner and Ben Smith Jason Bourne July 29, 2016 (2016 - 07 - 29) Paul Greengrass Paul Greengrass and Christopher Rouse Matt Damon, Paul Greengrass, Gregory Goodman, Frank Marshall, Jeffrey M. Weiner and Ben Smith Title: The Bourne Sanction Passage: The Bourne Sanction is the title for the novel by Eric Van Lustbader and the sixth novel in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was released on July 29, 2008. It is Lustbader's third Bourne novel, following "The Bourne Betrayal" that was published in 2007. Title: The Bourne Legacy (film) Passage: The Bourne Legacy is a 2012 American action thriller film directed by Tony Gilroy, and is the fourth installment in the series of films adapted from the "Jason Bourne" novels originated by Robert Ludlum and continued by Eric Van Lustbader, being preceded by "The Bourne Identity" (2002), "The Bourne Supremacy" (2004), and "The Bourne Ultimatum" (2007). Although this film has the same title as Van Lustbader's first "Bourne" novel, "The Bourne Legacy", the actual screenplay bears little resemblance to the novel. Unlike the novel, which features Jason Bourne as the principal character, the film centers on black ops agent Aaron Cross (played by Jeremy Renner), an original character. In addition to Renner, the film stars Rachel Weisz and Edward Norton. Title: Cardillac Passage: Cardillac is an opera by Paul Hindemith in three acts and four scenes. Ferdinand Lion wrote the libretto based on characters from the short story "Das Fräulein von Scuderi" by E.T.A. Hoffmann. Title: The Bourne Betrayal Passage: The Bourne Betrayal is the title for the novel by Eric Van Lustbader and the fifth novel in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was published in June 2007. It is Lustbader's second Bourne novel, following "The Bourne Legacy" that was published in 2004. Lustbader has written a sequel to "The Bourne Betrayal" titled "The Bourne Sanction". Title: Heart of Glass (film) Passage: Heart of Glass () is a 1976 German film directed and produced by Werner Herzog, set in 18th century Bavaria. The film was written by Herzog, based partly on a story by Herbert Achternbusch. The main character is Hias, based on the legendary Bavarian prophet Mühlhiasl. Title: Unix shell Passage: Almquist shell (ash): written as a BSD - licensed replacement for the Bourne Shell; often used in resource - constrained environments. The sh of FreeBSD, NetBSD (and their derivatives) are based on ash that has been enhanced to be POSIX conformant for the occasion. Bourne - Again shell (bash): written as part of the GNU Project to provide a superset of Bourne Shell functionality. This shell can be found installed and is the default interactive shell for users on most Linux and macOS systems. Debian Almquist shell (dash): a modern replacement for ash in Debian and Ubuntu Korn shell (ksh): written by David Korn based on the Bourne shell sources while working at Bell Labs Public domain Korn shell (pdksh) MirBSD Korn shell (mksh): a descendant of the OpenBSD / bin / ksh and pdksh, developed as part of MirOS BSD Z shell (zsh): a relatively modern shell that is backward compatible with bash Busybox: a set of Unix utilities for small and embedded systems, which includes 2 shells: ash, a derivative of the Almquist shell; and hush, an independent implementation of a Bourne shell. Title: The Bourne Legacy (film) Passage: The Bourne Legacy is a 2012 American action thriller film directed by Tony Gilroy, and is the fourth installment in the series of films adapted from the Jason Bourne novels originated by Robert Ludlum and continued by Eric Van Lustbader, being preceded by The Bourne Identity (2002), The Bourne Supremacy (2004), and The Bourne Ultimatum (2007). Although this film has the same title as Van Lustbader's first Bourne novel, The Bourne Legacy, the actual screenplay bears little resemblance to the novel. Unlike the novel, which features Jason Bourne as the principal character, the film centers on black ops agent Aaron Cross (played by Jeremy Renner), an original character. In addition to Renner, the film stars Rachel Weisz and Edward Norton. Title: A Jury of Her Peers Passage: "A Jury of Her Peers", written in 1917, is a short story by Susan Glaspell, loosely based on the 1900 murder of John Hossack (not the famed abolitionist), which Glaspell covered while working as a journalist for the Des Moines Daily News. It is seen as an example of early feminist literature because two female characters are able to solve a mystery that the male characters cannot. They are aided by their knowledge of women's psychology. Title: The Bourne Supremacy Passage: The Bourne Supremacy is the second Jason Bourne novel written by Robert Ludlum, first published in 1986. It is the sequel to Ludlum's bestseller "The Bourne Identity" (1980) and precedes Ludlum's final Bourne novel, "The Bourne Ultimatum" (1990). Title: The Bourne Ultimatum (film) Passage: The Bourne Ultimatum is a 2007 action spy film directed by Paul Greengrass loosely based on the novel of the same name by Robert Ludlum. The screenplay was written by Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi and based on a screen story of the novel by Gilroy. The Bourne Ultimatum is the third in the Jason Bourne film series, being preceded by The Bourne Identity (2002) and The Bourne Supremacy (2004). The fourth film, The Bourne Legacy, was released in August 2012, without the involvement of Damon, and the fifth film (a direct sequel to Ultimatum), Jason Bourne, was released in July 2016. Title: It Happens Every Spring Passage: It Happens Every Spring is a 1949 American comedy film starring Ray Milland and directed by Lloyd Bacon. The story of a baseball pitcher is completely fictitious, and the main character King Kelly is not based on or related to the actual player. Title: Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag Passage: As is the case in previous games in the Assassin's Creed series, the story is divided into two intertwined halves, with one in the present day, one in a historical setting, and the events of each influencing the other. Although the present - day story had previously established that an Animus was required to view one's ancestors memories, the ending of Assassin's Creed III reveals that Abstergo can now view a host's genetic memories simply by sequencing the host's DNA. As such, the player character is hired by Abstergo Entertainment to investigate a pivotal character in Desmond's ancestry, the Assassin Edward Kenway. A notorious pirate and privateer operating during the Golden Age of Piracy, Kenway's story is set in the Caribbean, and mixes open - ended ship - based exploration with combat and land - based adventures in Cuba and Jamaica, and on a number of Caribbean islands, parts of southern Florida and eastern Mexico. Title: The Shelbourne Ultimatum Passage: The Shelbourne Ultimatum is a 2012 novel by Irish journalist and author Paul Howard and the twelfth in the Ross O'Carroll-Kelly series.	[ "The Bourne Ultimatum (film)", "The Bourne Ultimatum" ]
2hop__62823_654855	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are two types of political parties in India - National Party and Regional / State party. Every political party must bear a symbol and must be registered with the Election Commission of India. Symbols are used in Indian political system as an identity of political parties and so that illiterate people can also vote by recognizing symbols of party.", "title": "Politics of India" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Renaissance Party () is a minor political party in the Dominican Republic. It first contested national elections in 1994, when it failed to win a seat. They again failed to win a seat in 1998, whilst their candidate received less than 1% of the vote in the 2000 presidential elections. For the 2002 elections it was part of the victorious Dominican Revolutionary Party-led alliance. It ran alone in the 2006 elections, but received only 0.1% of the national vote, failing to win a seat.", "title": "National Renaissance Party (Dominican Republic)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Communist Party of China, founded in 1920, adopted the red flag and hammer and sickle emblem of the Soviet Union, which became the national symbols when the Party took power in China in 1949. Under Party leader Mao Zedong, the Party anthem became \"The East Is Red\", and Mao Zedong himself was sometimes referred to as a \"red sun\". During the Cultural Revolution in China, Party ideology was enforced by the Red Guards, and the sayings of Mao Zedong were published as a small red book in hundreds of millions of copies. Today the Communist Party of China claims to be the largest political party in the world, with eighty million members.", "title": "Red" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Legality Movement Party (LMP) ( or PLL) is a right-wing monarchist political party in Albania, led by Shpetim Axhami. It supported the return to power of the House of Zogu under Crown Prince Leka of the Albanians. In the 2001 elections it was part of the Union for Victory (\"Bashkimi për Fitoren\") coalition which received 37.1% of the vote and 46 members of parliament.", "title": "Legality Movement Party" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hans Anatol von Spakovsky (born March 11, 1959) is an American attorney and a former member of the Federal Election Commission (FEC). He is the manager of the Heritage Foundation's Election Law Reform Initiative and a senior legal fellow in Heritage's Meese Center for Legal and Judicial Studies. He is an advocate for more restrictive voting laws. He has been described as playing an influential role in making alarmism about voter fraud mainstream in the Republican Party, despite no evidence of widespread voter fraud.", "title": "Hans von Spakovsky" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leonard Shayo (born 1948) is a Tanzanian politician and member of the Demokrasia Makini party. Running as the party's presidential candidate in the 14 December 2005 elections, Shayo placed ninth out of ten candidates, receiving 0.15% of the vote.", "title": "Leonard Shayo" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rösler joined the FDP and its political youth organization, the Young Liberals, in 1992. He was secretary of the FDP in the state of Lower Saxony from 2000 to 2004 and served as chairman of the FDP parliamentary group in the Lower Saxon state assembly from 2003. From 2001 to 2006, Rösler was a member in the regional assembly of Hanover (district), where he was also deputy chairman of the parliamentary group. In May 2005, he was elected an observer of the federal FDP executive committee. He received 95% of the votes, the best result of that party conference. At the state party conference in March 2006, Rösler was elected as chairman of the Lower Saxon FDP with 96.4% of the votes; he succeeded Walter Hirche, who had decided to step down after twelve years at the helm. In April, 2008, Rösler was confirmed as the Lower Saxon FDP party chairman, receiving 95% of the votes.", "title": "Philipp Rösler" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Several political parties exist in Japan, however, the politics of Japan have primarily been dominated by the LDP since 1955, with the DPJ playing an important role as opposition several times. LDP was a ruling party during decades since 1955. Despite of existence of multiple parties, other parties were completely ignored. Most of the prime ministers were elected from inner factions of LDP.", "title": "Politics of Japan" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roosevelt won in a landslide, carrying 46 of the 48 states and bringing in many additional Democratic members of Congress. After Lyndon B. Johnson's 61.1 percent share of the popular vote in 1964, Roosevelt's 60.8 percent is the second - largest percentage in U.S. history since the nearly unopposed election of James Monroe in 1820, and his 98.5% of the electoral vote is the highest in two - party competition. Roosevelt won the largest number of electoral votes ever recorded at that time, so far only surpassed by Ronald Reagan in 1984, when seven more electoral votes were available to contest. Garner won the highest percentage of the electoral vote of any vice president. Landon became the second official major - party candidate since the current system was established to win fewer than ten electoral votes by tying William Howard Taft, who won eight votes in his unsuccessful re-election campaign in 1912. No major - party candidate has won so few electoral votes since this election. The closest anyone has come was Reagan's 1984 opponent Walter Mondale, who won only thirteen electoral votes.", "title": "1936 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ugo Cappellacci, also known as The Auger (\"it: Trivella)\" (born 27 November 1960 in Cagliari, Italy) is an Italian Sardinian politician and member of the Forza Italia (FI) political party. Cappellacci, a center-right, politician, was elected President of Sardinia in the 2009 regional election, held in February 2009, with 51.9% of the vote, ousting the incumbent left-wing coalition led by Renato Soru, who garnered 42.89%. He took office as President on 27 February 2009. He lost as incumbent to Francesco Pigliaru of the Democratic Party in the 2014 regional election.", "title": "Ugo Cappellacci" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Schwarzenegger ran for re-election against Democrat Phil Angelides, the California State Treasurer, in the 2006 elections, held on November 7, 2006. Despite a poor year nationally for the Republican party, Schwarzenegger won re-election with 56.0% of the vote compared with 38.9% for Angelides, a margin of well over 1 million votes. Around this time, many commentators saw Schwarzenegger as moving away from the right and towards the center of the political spectrum. After hearing a speech by Schwarzenegger at the 2006 Martin Luther King Jr. breakfast, San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom said that \"[H]e's becoming a Democrat [... H]e's running back, not even to the center. I would say center-left\".", "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Politically, The Sun in the early Murdoch years, remained nominally Labour. It supported the Labour Party led by Harold Wilson in the 1970 General Election, with the headline \"Why It Must Be Labour\" but by February 1974 it was calling for a vote for the Conservative Party led by Edward Heath while suggesting that it might support a Labour Party led by James Callaghan or Roy Jenkins. In the October election an editorial asserted: \"ALL our instincts are left rather than right and we would vote for any able politician who would describe himself as a Social Democrat.\"", "title": "The Sun (United Kingdom)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Eugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Through his presidential candidacies as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States.", "title": "Eugene V. Debs" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is the only Prime Ministerial Election in Singapore history. The People's Action Party Central Executive Committee met on the victory of the 1959 Singaporean general election to elect a Prime Minister. At the end of the election, Lee Kuan Yew won by a mere 1 vote, that was voted by the then party Chairman Toh Chin Chye", "title": "1959 PAP prime ministerial election" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Schwarzenegger ran for re-election against Democrat Phil Angelides, the California State Treasurer, in the 2006 elections, held on November 7, 2006. Despite a poor year nationally for the Republican party, Schwarzenegger won re-election with 56.0% of the vote compared with 38.9% for Angelides, a margin of well over one million votes. In recent years, many commentators have seen Schwarzenegger as moving away from the right and towards the center of the political spectrum. After hearing a speech by Schwarzenegger at the 2006 Martin Luther King, Jr. breakfast, San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom said that, \"[H]e's becoming a Democrat [… H]e's running back, not even to the center. I would say center-left\".", "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The UK political system, while technically a multi-party system, has functioned generally as a two-party (sometimes called a \"two-and-a-half party\") system; since the 1920s the two largest political parties have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. Before the Labour Party rose in British politics the Liberal Party was the other major political party along with the Conservatives. Though coalition and minority governments have been an occasional feature of parliamentary politics, the first-past-the-post electoral system used for general elections tends to maintain the dominance of these two parties, though each has in the past century relied upon a third party to deliver a working majority in Parliament. (A plurality voting system usually leads to a two-party system, a relationship described by Maurice Duverger and known as Duverger's Law.) There are also numerous other parties that hold or have held a number of seats in Parliament.", "title": "Political party" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alson Jenness Streeter (January 18, 1823 – November 24, 1901) was an American farmer, miner and politician who was the Union Labor Party nominee in the United States presidential election of 1888. Streeter, alongside his vice presidential running mate Charles E. Cunningham of Arkansas, finished fourth in a field of six in the election, garnering 149,115 votes or 1.31 percent of the nationwide total.", "title": "Alson Streeter" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "United States presidential election, 1936 ← 1932 November 3, 1936 1940 → 531 electoral votes of the Electoral College 266 electoral votes needed to win Turnout 61.0% 4.1 pp Nominee Franklin D. Roosevelt Alf Landon Party Democratic Republican Home state New York Kansas Running mate John Nance Garner Frank Knox Electoral vote 523 8 States carried 46 Popular vote 27,747,636 16,679,543 Percentage 60.8% 36.5% Presidential election results map. Blue denotes those won by Roosevelt / Garner, red denotes states won by Landon / Knox. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state. President before election Franklin D. Roosevelt Democratic Elected President Franklin D. Roosevelt Democratic", "title": "1936 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While local government in Ireland has limited powers in comparison with other countries, the council has responsibility for planning, roads, sanitation, libraries, street lighting, parks, and a number of other important functions. Cork City Council has 31 elected members representing six electoral wards. The members are affiliated to the following political parties: Fine Gael (5 members), Fianna Fáil (10 members), Sinn Féin (8 members), Anti-Austerity Alliance (3 members), Workers' Party (1 member), Independents (4 members). Certain councillors are co-opted to represent the city at the South-West Regional Authority. A new Lord Mayor of Cork is chosen in a vote by the elected members of the council under a D'Hondt system count.", "title": "Cork (city)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Socialist Party candidate Eugene V. Debs received 913,664 popular votes (3.4 percent), despite the fact that he was in prison at the time for advocating non-compliance with the draft during World War I. This was the largest number of popular votes ever received by a Socialist Party candidate in the United States, although not the largest percentage of the popular vote. Debs received double this percentage in the election of 1912. The 1920 election was Debs' fifth and last attempt to become president.", "title": "1920 United States presidential election" } ]	What political party was the candidate who garnered a million votes during the 1920 election despite being in prison, a member of?	Socialist Party of America	[ "Democrat", "Democratic Party" ]	Title: Leonard Shayo Passage: Leonard Shayo (born 1948) is a Tanzanian politician and member of the Demokrasia Makini party. Running as the party's presidential candidate in the 14 December 2005 elections, Shayo placed ninth out of ten candidates, receiving 0.15% of the vote. Title: Politics of India Passage: There are two types of political parties in India - National Party and Regional / State party. Every political party must bear a symbol and must be registered with the Election Commission of India. Symbols are used in Indian political system as an identity of political parties and so that illiterate people can also vote by recognizing symbols of party. Title: 1936 United States presidential election Passage: United States presidential election, 1936 ← 1932 November 3, 1936 1940 → 531 electoral votes of the Electoral College 266 electoral votes needed to win Turnout 61.0% 4.1 pp Nominee Franklin D. Roosevelt Alf Landon Party Democratic Republican Home state New York Kansas Running mate John Nance Garner Frank Knox Electoral vote 523 8 States carried 46 Popular vote 27,747,636 16,679,543 Percentage 60.8% 36.5% Presidential election results map. Blue denotes those won by Roosevelt / Garner, red denotes states won by Landon / Knox. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state. President before election Franklin D. Roosevelt Democratic Elected President Franklin D. Roosevelt Democratic Title: Hans von Spakovsky Passage: Hans Anatol von Spakovsky (born March 11, 1959) is an American attorney and a former member of the Federal Election Commission (FEC). He is the manager of the Heritage Foundation's Election Law Reform Initiative and a senior legal fellow in Heritage's Meese Center for Legal and Judicial Studies. He is an advocate for more restrictive voting laws. He has been described as playing an influential role in making alarmism about voter fraud mainstream in the Republican Party, despite no evidence of widespread voter fraud. Title: Arnold Schwarzenegger Passage: Schwarzenegger ran for re-election against Democrat Phil Angelides, the California State Treasurer, in the 2006 elections, held on November 7, 2006. Despite a poor year nationally for the Republican party, Schwarzenegger won re-election with 56.0% of the vote compared with 38.9% for Angelides, a margin of well over 1 million votes. Around this time, many commentators saw Schwarzenegger as moving away from the right and towards the center of the political spectrum. After hearing a speech by Schwarzenegger at the 2006 Martin Luther King Jr. breakfast, San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom said that "[H]e's becoming a Democrat [... H]e's running back, not even to the center. I would say center-left". Title: Legality Movement Party Passage: The Legality Movement Party (LMP) ( or PLL) is a right-wing monarchist political party in Albania, led by Shpetim Axhami. It supported the return to power of the House of Zogu under Crown Prince Leka of the Albanians. In the 2001 elections it was part of the Union for Victory ("Bashkimi për Fitoren") coalition which received 37.1% of the vote and 46 members of parliament. Title: Philipp Rösler Passage: Rösler joined the FDP and its political youth organization, the Young Liberals, in 1992. He was secretary of the FDP in the state of Lower Saxony from 2000 to 2004 and served as chairman of the FDP parliamentary group in the Lower Saxon state assembly from 2003. From 2001 to 2006, Rösler was a member in the regional assembly of Hanover (district), where he was also deputy chairman of the parliamentary group. In May 2005, he was elected an observer of the federal FDP executive committee. He received 95% of the votes, the best result of that party conference. At the state party conference in March 2006, Rösler was elected as chairman of the Lower Saxon FDP with 96.4% of the votes; he succeeded Walter Hirche, who had decided to step down after twelve years at the helm. In April, 2008, Rösler was confirmed as the Lower Saxon FDP party chairman, receiving 95% of the votes. Title: Ugo Cappellacci Passage: Ugo Cappellacci, also known as The Auger ("it: Trivella)" (born 27 November 1960 in Cagliari, Italy) is an Italian Sardinian politician and member of the Forza Italia (FI) political party. Cappellacci, a center-right, politician, was elected President of Sardinia in the 2009 regional election, held in February 2009, with 51.9% of the vote, ousting the incumbent left-wing coalition led by Renato Soru, who garnered 42.89%. He took office as President on 27 February 2009. He lost as incumbent to Francesco Pigliaru of the Democratic Party in the 2014 regional election. Title: Political party Passage: The UK political system, while technically a multi-party system, has functioned generally as a two-party (sometimes called a "two-and-a-half party") system; since the 1920s the two largest political parties have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. Before the Labour Party rose in British politics the Liberal Party was the other major political party along with the Conservatives. Though coalition and minority governments have been an occasional feature of parliamentary politics, the first-past-the-post electoral system used for general elections tends to maintain the dominance of these two parties, though each has in the past century relied upon a third party to deliver a working majority in Parliament. (A plurality voting system usually leads to a two-party system, a relationship described by Maurice Duverger and known as Duverger's Law.) There are also numerous other parties that hold or have held a number of seats in Parliament. Title: 1959 PAP prime ministerial election Passage: This is the only Prime Ministerial Election in Singapore history. The People's Action Party Central Executive Committee met on the victory of the 1959 Singaporean general election to elect a Prime Minister. At the end of the election, Lee Kuan Yew won by a mere 1 vote, that was voted by the then party Chairman Toh Chin Chye Title: Alson Streeter Passage: Alson Jenness Streeter (January 18, 1823 – November 24, 1901) was an American farmer, miner and politician who was the Union Labor Party nominee in the United States presidential election of 1888. Streeter, alongside his vice presidential running mate Charles E. Cunningham of Arkansas, finished fourth in a field of six in the election, garnering 149,115 votes or 1.31 percent of the nationwide total. Title: National Renaissance Party (Dominican Republic) Passage: The National Renaissance Party () is a minor political party in the Dominican Republic. It first contested national elections in 1994, when it failed to win a seat. They again failed to win a seat in 1998, whilst their candidate received less than 1% of the vote in the 2000 presidential elections. For the 2002 elections it was part of the victorious Dominican Revolutionary Party-led alliance. It ran alone in the 2006 elections, but received only 0.1% of the national vote, failing to win a seat. Title: Eugene V. Debs Passage: Eugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Through his presidential candidacies as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States. Title: Politics of Japan Passage: Several political parties exist in Japan, however, the politics of Japan have primarily been dominated by the LDP since 1955, with the DPJ playing an important role as opposition several times. LDP was a ruling party during decades since 1955. Despite of existence of multiple parties, other parties were completely ignored. Most of the prime ministers were elected from inner factions of LDP. Title: 1936 United States presidential election Passage: Roosevelt won in a landslide, carrying 46 of the 48 states and bringing in many additional Democratic members of Congress. After Lyndon B. Johnson's 61.1 percent share of the popular vote in 1964, Roosevelt's 60.8 percent is the second - largest percentage in U.S. history since the nearly unopposed election of James Monroe in 1820, and his 98.5% of the electoral vote is the highest in two - party competition. Roosevelt won the largest number of electoral votes ever recorded at that time, so far only surpassed by Ronald Reagan in 1984, when seven more electoral votes were available to contest. Garner won the highest percentage of the electoral vote of any vice president. Landon became the second official major - party candidate since the current system was established to win fewer than ten electoral votes by tying William Howard Taft, who won eight votes in his unsuccessful re-election campaign in 1912. No major - party candidate has won so few electoral votes since this election. The closest anyone has come was Reagan's 1984 opponent Walter Mondale, who won only thirteen electoral votes. Title: Cork (city) Passage: While local government in Ireland has limited powers in comparison with other countries, the council has responsibility for planning, roads, sanitation, libraries, street lighting, parks, and a number of other important functions. Cork City Council has 31 elected members representing six electoral wards. The members are affiliated to the following political parties: Fine Gael (5 members), Fianna Fáil (10 members), Sinn Féin (8 members), Anti-Austerity Alliance (3 members), Workers' Party (1 member), Independents (4 members). Certain councillors are co-opted to represent the city at the South-West Regional Authority. A new Lord Mayor of Cork is chosen in a vote by the elected members of the council under a D'Hondt system count. Title: Arnold Schwarzenegger Passage: Schwarzenegger ran for re-election against Democrat Phil Angelides, the California State Treasurer, in the 2006 elections, held on November 7, 2006. Despite a poor year nationally for the Republican party, Schwarzenegger won re-election with 56.0% of the vote compared with 38.9% for Angelides, a margin of well over one million votes. In recent years, many commentators have seen Schwarzenegger as moving away from the right and towards the center of the political spectrum. After hearing a speech by Schwarzenegger at the 2006 Martin Luther King, Jr. breakfast, San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom said that, "[H]e's becoming a Democrat [… H]e's running back, not even to the center. I would say center-left". Title: The Sun (United Kingdom) Passage: Politically, The Sun in the early Murdoch years, remained nominally Labour. It supported the Labour Party led by Harold Wilson in the 1970 General Election, with the headline "Why It Must Be Labour" but by February 1974 it was calling for a vote for the Conservative Party led by Edward Heath while suggesting that it might support a Labour Party led by James Callaghan or Roy Jenkins. In the October election an editorial asserted: "ALL our instincts are left rather than right and we would vote for any able politician who would describe himself as a Social Democrat." Title: Red Passage: The Communist Party of China, founded in 1920, adopted the red flag and hammer and sickle emblem of the Soviet Union, which became the national symbols when the Party took power in China in 1949. Under Party leader Mao Zedong, the Party anthem became "The East Is Red", and Mao Zedong himself was sometimes referred to as a "red sun". During the Cultural Revolution in China, Party ideology was enforced by the Red Guards, and the sayings of Mao Zedong were published as a small red book in hundreds of millions of copies. Today the Communist Party of China claims to be the largest political party in the world, with eighty million members. Title: 1920 United States presidential election Passage: Socialist Party candidate Eugene V. Debs received 913,664 popular votes (3.4 percent), despite the fact that he was in prison at the time for advocating non-compliance with the draft during World War I. This was the largest number of popular votes ever received by a Socialist Party candidate in the United States, although not the largest percentage of the popular vote. Debs received double this percentage in the election of 1912. The 1920 election was Debs' fifth and last attempt to become president.	[ "Eugene V. Debs", "1920 United States presidential election" ]
2hop__72487_510545	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1991, the brainwashed super-soldier James ``Bucky ''Barnes is dispatched from a Hydra base in Siberia to intercept an automobile carrying a case of super-soldier serum. In the present day, approximately one year after Ultron's defeat in the nation of Sokovia at the hands of the Avengers, Steve Rogers, Natasha Romanoff, Sam Wilson, and Wanda Maximoff stop Brock Rumlow from stealing a biological weapon from a lab in Lagos. Rumlow blows himself up, hoping to kill Rogers. When Maximoff throws the explosion into the sky with telekinesis, it damages a nearby building, killing several Wakandan humanitarian workers.", "title": "Captain America: Civil War" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jeremy Ray Staat (born October 10, 1976) is a former American football defensive end who played for the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1998 and the St. Louis Rams for two games in 2003. He also played for the Los Angeles Avengers arena football team. He is a United States Marine, and has served in Iraq.", "title": "Jeremy Staat" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New Adventures of the Elusive Avengers (, translit. \"Novye prikluchenya Neulovimykh\") is a 1968 Soviet action movie, a sequel of \"The Elusive Avengers\", directed by Edmond Keosayan and made on Mosfilm. The movie was followed by \"The Crown of the Russian Empire, or Once Again the Elusive Avengers\" released in 1971.", "title": "The New Adventures of the Elusive Avengers" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2004, Lionsgate Entertainment announced that a Black Widow motion picture, featuring the Natasha Romanova version, was in the script stage by screenwriter - director David Hayter. Lionsgate subsequently dropped the project. The Ultimate version of Black Widow appears in the Ultimate Avengers animated direct - to - video movie and its sequel, Ultimate Avengers 2, voiced by Olivia d'Abo. Scarlett Johansson portrays Natasha Romanoff / Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning in 2010. Johansson made her debut appearance in Iron Man 2. She was cast after a scheduling conflict forced Emily Blunt to drop out of the part. Johansson reprised the role in The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and will do so again for Infinity War's untitled 2019 sequel. Feige indicated interest in doing a solo Black Widow film in September 2010 and in February 2014, development work had begun on it, with Jac Schaeffer hired in January 2018 to write the script. That July, Cate Shortland was hired to direct. Previously, director Neil Marshall had expressed interest in directing the film. Black Widow appears in the 2013 direct - to - video anime film Iron Man: Rise of Technovore, voiced by Clare Grant. Black Widow teams up with The Punisher in the anime film Avengers Confidential: Black Widow & Punisher, voiced by Jennifer Carpenter.", "title": "Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Linda Edna Cardellini (born June 25, 1975) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Lindsay Weir on Freaks and Geeks, Samantha Taggart on ER, Velma Dinkley in the live - action Scooby - Doo feature films, Sylvia Rosen, a neighbor of Don Draper's on the AMC drama series Mad Men, Meg Rayburn on the Netflix original series Bloodline, Cassie in Brokeback Mountain, and Laura Barton in Avengers: Age of Ultron. She is also known for voicing roles in animated projects such as CJ in Regular Show, Marcy ``Hot Dog Water ''Fleach in Scooby - Doo! Mystery Incorporated, Wendy Corduroy in Gravity Falls, and Megan in Sanjay and Craig.", "title": "Linda Cardellini" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A reference value above which visual acuity is considered normal is called 6 / 6 vision, the USC equivalent of which is 20 / 20 vision: At 6 meters or 20 feet, a human eye with that performance is able to separate contours that are approximately 1.75 mm apart. Vision of 6 / 12 corresponds to lower, vision of 6 / 3 to better performance. Normal individuals have an acuity of 6 / 4 or better (depending on age and other factors).", "title": "Visual acuity" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A Beautiful Mind is the original soundtrack album, on the Decca Records label, of the 2001 film \"A Beautiful Mind\" starring Russell Crowe, Jennifer Connelly (who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as \"Alicia Nash\"), Christopher Plummer and Paul Bettany. The original score and songs were composed and conducted by James Horner.", "title": "A Beautiful Mind (soundtrack)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christel Khalil Christel Adnana Mina Khalil (1987 - 11 - 30) November 30, 1987 (age 30) Los Angeles, California Occupation Actress Years active 1993 -- present Known for The Young and the Restless as Lily Winters (2002 -- present) Spouse (s) Stephen Hensley (m. 2008 -- 2011) Children", "title": "Christel Khalil" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Wolverine, Thor, Hulk, Ant-Man, such teams as the Avengers, the Guardians of the Galaxy, the Fantastic Four, the Inhumans and the X-Men, and antagonists such as Doctor Doom, The Enchantress, Green Goblin, Ultron, Doctor Octopus, Thanos, Magneto and Loki. Most of Marvel's fictional characters operate in a single reality known as the Marvel Universe, with locations that mirror real-life cities. Characters such as Spider-Man, the Fantastic Four, the Avengers, Daredevil and Doctor Strange are based in New York City, whereas the X-Men have historically been based in Salem Center, New York and Hulk's stories often have been set in the American Southwest.", "title": "Marvel Comics" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With Jackson's permission, his likeness was used for the Ultimate version of the Marvel Comics character Nick Fury. He has also played Fury in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) films Iron Man (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), Thor (2011), Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), and Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) as well as the TV show Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D..", "title": "Samuel L. Jackson" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Paul Bettany (born 27 May 1971) is an English actor. He is known for his voice role as J.A.R.V.I.S. and the Vision in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, specifically the films Iron Man (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Iron Man 3 (2013), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Captain America: Civil War (2016), for which he garnered praise. He first came to the attention of mainstream audiences when he appeared in the British film Gangster No. 1 (2000), and director Brian Helgeland's film A Knight's Tale (2001). He has gone on to appear in a wide variety of films, including A Beautiful Mind (2001), Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003), Dogville (2003), Wimbledon (2004), and the adaptation of the novel The Da Vinci Code (2006).", "title": "Paul Bettany" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Avengers fight amongst themselves when Stark secretly uploads J.A.R.V.I.S. -- who is still operational after hiding from Ultron inside the Internet -- into the synthetic body. Thor returns to help activate the body, explaining that the gem on its brow -- one of the six Infinity Stones, the most powerful objects in existence -- was part of his vision. This ``Vision ''and the Maximoffs accompany the Avengers to Sokovia, where Ultron has used the remaining vibranium to build a machine to lift a large part of the capital city skyward, intending to crash it into the ground to cause global extinction. Banner rescues Romanoff, who awakens the Hulk for the battle. The Avengers fight Ultron's army while Fury arrives in a Helicarrier with Maria Hill, James Rhodes and S.H.I.E.L.D. agents to evacuate civilians. Pietro dies when he shields Barton from gunfire, and a vengeful Wanda abandons her post to destroy Ultron's primary body, which allows one of his drones to activate the machine. The city plummets, but Stark and Thor overload the machine and shatter the landmass. In the aftermath, the Hulk, unwilling to endanger Romanoff by being with her, departs in a Quinjet, while the Vision confronts and seemingly destroys Ultron's last remaining body.", "title": "Avengers: Age of Ultron" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emma Peel is a fictional spy played by Diana Rigg in the British 1960s adventure television series The Avengers, and by Uma Thurman in the 1998 film version. She was born Emma Knight, the daughter of an industrialist, Sir John Knight.", "title": "Emma Peel" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Linda Edna Cardellini / kɑːrdɛlɪni / kar - DEL - i - NEE (born June 25, 1975) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Lindsay Weir on Freaks and Geeks, Samantha Taggart on ER, Velma Dinkley in the live - action Scooby - Doo feature films, Sylvia Rosen, a neighbor of Don Draper's on the AMC drama series Mad Men, Meg Rayburn on the Netflix original series Bloodline, Cassie in Brokeback Mountain, and Laura Barton in Avengers: Age of Ultron. She is also known for voicing roles in animated projects such as CJ in Regular Show, Marcy ``Hot Dog Water ''Fleach in Scooby - Doo! Mystery Incorporated, Wendy Corduroy in Gravity Falls, and Megan in Sanjay and Craig.", "title": "Linda Cardellini" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The character appears in various Marvel Cinematic Universe films, including The Avengers (2012), portrayed by Damion Poitier, and Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and its untitled sequel (2019), portrayed by Josh Brolin through voice and motion capture. The character has appeared in various comic adaptations, including animated television series, arcade, and video games.", "title": "Thanos" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scarlett Johansson portrayed the character in the films Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Captain America: Civil War (2016) as a part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe franchise.", "title": "Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In October 2014, Marvel announced a two - part sequel to Avengers: Age of Ultron, titled Avengers: Infinity War. Part 1 was scheduled to be released on May 4, 2018, with Part 2 scheduled for May 3, 2019. In April 2015, Marvel announced that Anthony and Joe Russo would direct both parts of Avengers: Infinity War, with back - to - back filming expected to begin in 2016. The same month, Kevin Feige said that the Infinity War films would be two distinct films ``because they (have) such shared elements, it felt appropriate... to (subtitle the films) like that. But I would n't call it one story that's cut in half. I would say it's going to be two distinct movies. ''By May 2015, Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely had signed on to write the screenplays for both parts of the film, which draws inspiration from Jim Starlin's 1991`` The Infinity Gauntlet'' comic and Jonathan Hickman's 2013 ``Infinity ''comic. Anthony Russo added the film was inspired by 1990s heist films, with Thanos`` on a smash - and - grab (to acquire the Infinity Stones), and everybody's trying to catch up the whole movie''. In May 2016, the Russos revealed that they would retitle the two films, to further remove the misconception that they were one large film split in two, with Joe stating, ``The intention is we will change (the titles), we just have n't come up with (them) yet. ''That July, Marvel revealed the film's title would be shortened to simply Avengers: Infinity War.", "title": "Avengers: Infinity War" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2015, Serkis began playing Ulysses Klaue in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning with Avengers: Age of Ultron, which will be followed by Black Panther (2018). Serkis has his own production company and motion capture workshop, The Imaginarium Studios in London, which he used for Jungle Book. He made his directorial debut with Imaginarium's 2017 film Breathe.", "title": "Andy Serkis" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Film U.S. release date Director (s) Screenwriter (s) Producer Iron Man 3 May 3, 2013 (2013 - 05 - 03) Shane Black Drew Pearce and Shane Black Kevin Feige Thor: The Dark World November 8, 2013 (2013 - 11 - 08) Alan Taylor Christopher Yost and Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely Captain America: The Winter Soldier April 4, 2014 (2014 - 04 - 04) Anthony and Joe Russo Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely Guardians of the Galaxy August 1, 2014 (2014 - 08 - 01) James Gunn James Gunn and Nicole Perlman Avengers: Age of Ultron May 1, 2015 (2015 - 05 - 01) Joss Whedon Ant - Man July 17, 2015 Peyton Reed Edgar Wright & Joe Cornish and Adam McKay & Paul Rudd", "title": "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scarlett Johansson portrayed the character in the films Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and the Untitled Avengers film (2019) as a part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe franchise.", "title": "Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)" } ]	Who is the spouse of the actor that plays vision in avengers age of ultron?	Jennifer Connelly	[]	Title: List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films Passage: Film U.S. release date Director (s) Screenwriter (s) Producer Iron Man 3 May 3, 2013 (2013 - 05 - 03) Shane Black Drew Pearce and Shane Black Kevin Feige Thor: The Dark World November 8, 2013 (2013 - 11 - 08) Alan Taylor Christopher Yost and Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely Captain America: The Winter Soldier April 4, 2014 (2014 - 04 - 04) Anthony and Joe Russo Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely Guardians of the Galaxy August 1, 2014 (2014 - 08 - 01) James Gunn James Gunn and Nicole Perlman Avengers: Age of Ultron May 1, 2015 (2015 - 05 - 01) Joss Whedon Ant - Man July 17, 2015 Peyton Reed Edgar Wright & Joe Cornish and Adam McKay & Paul Rudd Title: A Beautiful Mind (soundtrack) Passage: A Beautiful Mind is the original soundtrack album, on the Decca Records label, of the 2001 film "A Beautiful Mind" starring Russell Crowe, Jennifer Connelly (who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as "Alicia Nash"), Christopher Plummer and Paul Bettany. The original score and songs were composed and conducted by James Horner. Title: Captain America: Civil War Passage: In 1991, the brainwashed super-soldier James ``Bucky ''Barnes is dispatched from a Hydra base in Siberia to intercept an automobile carrying a case of super-soldier serum. In the present day, approximately one year after Ultron's defeat in the nation of Sokovia at the hands of the Avengers, Steve Rogers, Natasha Romanoff, Sam Wilson, and Wanda Maximoff stop Brock Rumlow from stealing a biological weapon from a lab in Lagos. Rumlow blows himself up, hoping to kill Rogers. When Maximoff throws the explosion into the sky with telekinesis, it damages a nearby building, killing several Wakandan humanitarian workers. Title: Samuel L. Jackson Passage: With Jackson's permission, his likeness was used for the Ultimate version of the Marvel Comics character Nick Fury. He has also played Fury in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) films Iron Man (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), Thor (2011), Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), and Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) as well as the TV show Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.. Title: Visual acuity Passage: A reference value above which visual acuity is considered normal is called 6 / 6 vision, the USC equivalent of which is 20 / 20 vision: At 6 meters or 20 feet, a human eye with that performance is able to separate contours that are approximately 1.75 mm apart. Vision of 6 / 12 corresponds to lower, vision of 6 / 3 to better performance. Normal individuals have an acuity of 6 / 4 or better (depending on age and other factors). Title: Black Widow (Natasha Romanova) Passage: Scarlett Johansson portrayed the character in the films Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Captain America: Civil War (2016) as a part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe franchise. Title: Avengers: Age of Ultron Passage: The Avengers fight amongst themselves when Stark secretly uploads J.A.R.V.I.S. -- who is still operational after hiding from Ultron inside the Internet -- into the synthetic body. Thor returns to help activate the body, explaining that the gem on its brow -- one of the six Infinity Stones, the most powerful objects in existence -- was part of his vision. This ``Vision ''and the Maximoffs accompany the Avengers to Sokovia, where Ultron has used the remaining vibranium to build a machine to lift a large part of the capital city skyward, intending to crash it into the ground to cause global extinction. Banner rescues Romanoff, who awakens the Hulk for the battle. The Avengers fight Ultron's army while Fury arrives in a Helicarrier with Maria Hill, James Rhodes and S.H.I.E.L.D. agents to evacuate civilians. Pietro dies when he shields Barton from gunfire, and a vengeful Wanda abandons her post to destroy Ultron's primary body, which allows one of his drones to activate the machine. The city plummets, but Stark and Thor overload the machine and shatter the landmass. In the aftermath, the Hulk, unwilling to endanger Romanoff by being with her, departs in a Quinjet, while the Vision confronts and seemingly destroys Ultron's last remaining body. Title: Marvel Comics Passage: Marvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Wolverine, Thor, Hulk, Ant-Man, such teams as the Avengers, the Guardians of the Galaxy, the Fantastic Four, the Inhumans and the X-Men, and antagonists such as Doctor Doom, The Enchantress, Green Goblin, Ultron, Doctor Octopus, Thanos, Magneto and Loki. Most of Marvel's fictional characters operate in a single reality known as the Marvel Universe, with locations that mirror real-life cities. Characters such as Spider-Man, the Fantastic Four, the Avengers, Daredevil and Doctor Strange are based in New York City, whereas the X-Men have historically been based in Salem Center, New York and Hulk's stories often have been set in the American Southwest. Title: Paul Bettany Passage: Paul Bettany (born 27 May 1971) is an English actor. He is known for his voice role as J.A.R.V.I.S. and the Vision in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, specifically the films Iron Man (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Iron Man 3 (2013), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Captain America: Civil War (2016), for which he garnered praise. He first came to the attention of mainstream audiences when he appeared in the British film Gangster No. 1 (2000), and director Brian Helgeland's film A Knight's Tale (2001). He has gone on to appear in a wide variety of films, including A Beautiful Mind (2001), Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003), Dogville (2003), Wimbledon (2004), and the adaptation of the novel The Da Vinci Code (2006). Title: Jeremy Staat Passage: Jeremy Ray Staat (born October 10, 1976) is a former American football defensive end who played for the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1998 and the St. Louis Rams for two games in 2003. He also played for the Los Angeles Avengers arena football team. He is a United States Marine, and has served in Iraq. Title: Linda Cardellini Passage: Linda Edna Cardellini / kɑːrdɛlɪni / kar - DEL - i - NEE (born June 25, 1975) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Lindsay Weir on Freaks and Geeks, Samantha Taggart on ER, Velma Dinkley in the live - action Scooby - Doo feature films, Sylvia Rosen, a neighbor of Don Draper's on the AMC drama series Mad Men, Meg Rayburn on the Netflix original series Bloodline, Cassie in Brokeback Mountain, and Laura Barton in Avengers: Age of Ultron. She is also known for voicing roles in animated projects such as CJ in Regular Show, Marcy ``Hot Dog Water ''Fleach in Scooby - Doo! Mystery Incorporated, Wendy Corduroy in Gravity Falls, and Megan in Sanjay and Craig. Title: Andy Serkis Passage: In 2015, Serkis began playing Ulysses Klaue in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning with Avengers: Age of Ultron, which will be followed by Black Panther (2018). Serkis has his own production company and motion capture workshop, The Imaginarium Studios in London, which he used for Jungle Book. He made his directorial debut with Imaginarium's 2017 film Breathe. Title: Black Widow (Natasha Romanova) Passage: Scarlett Johansson portrayed the character in the films Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and the Untitled Avengers film (2019) as a part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe franchise. Title: The New Adventures of the Elusive Avengers Passage: The New Adventures of the Elusive Avengers (, translit. "Novye prikluchenya Neulovimykh") is a 1968 Soviet action movie, a sequel of "The Elusive Avengers", directed by Edmond Keosayan and made on Mosfilm. The movie was followed by "The Crown of the Russian Empire, or Once Again the Elusive Avengers" released in 1971. Title: Linda Cardellini Passage: Linda Edna Cardellini (born June 25, 1975) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Lindsay Weir on Freaks and Geeks, Samantha Taggart on ER, Velma Dinkley in the live - action Scooby - Doo feature films, Sylvia Rosen, a neighbor of Don Draper's on the AMC drama series Mad Men, Meg Rayburn on the Netflix original series Bloodline, Cassie in Brokeback Mountain, and Laura Barton in Avengers: Age of Ultron. She is also known for voicing roles in animated projects such as CJ in Regular Show, Marcy ``Hot Dog Water ''Fleach in Scooby - Doo! Mystery Incorporated, Wendy Corduroy in Gravity Falls, and Megan in Sanjay and Craig. Title: Emma Peel Passage: Emma Peel is a fictional spy played by Diana Rigg in the British 1960s adventure television series The Avengers, and by Uma Thurman in the 1998 film version. She was born Emma Knight, the daughter of an industrialist, Sir John Knight. Title: Avengers: Infinity War Passage: In October 2014, Marvel announced a two - part sequel to Avengers: Age of Ultron, titled Avengers: Infinity War. Part 1 was scheduled to be released on May 4, 2018, with Part 2 scheduled for May 3, 2019. In April 2015, Marvel announced that Anthony and Joe Russo would direct both parts of Avengers: Infinity War, with back - to - back filming expected to begin in 2016. The same month, Kevin Feige said that the Infinity War films would be two distinct films ``because they (have) such shared elements, it felt appropriate... to (subtitle the films) like that. But I would n't call it one story that's cut in half. I would say it's going to be two distinct movies. ''By May 2015, Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely had signed on to write the screenplays for both parts of the film, which draws inspiration from Jim Starlin's 1991`` The Infinity Gauntlet'' comic and Jonathan Hickman's 2013 ``Infinity ''comic. Anthony Russo added the film was inspired by 1990s heist films, with Thanos`` on a smash - and - grab (to acquire the Infinity Stones), and everybody's trying to catch up the whole movie''. In May 2016, the Russos revealed that they would retitle the two films, to further remove the misconception that they were one large film split in two, with Joe stating, ``The intention is we will change (the titles), we just have n't come up with (them) yet. ''That July, Marvel revealed the film's title would be shortened to simply Avengers: Infinity War. Title: Black Widow (Natasha Romanova) Passage: In 2004, Lionsgate Entertainment announced that a Black Widow motion picture, featuring the Natasha Romanova version, was in the script stage by screenwriter - director David Hayter. Lionsgate subsequently dropped the project. The Ultimate version of Black Widow appears in the Ultimate Avengers animated direct - to - video movie and its sequel, Ultimate Avengers 2, voiced by Olivia d'Abo. Scarlett Johansson portrays Natasha Romanoff / Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning in 2010. Johansson made her debut appearance in Iron Man 2. She was cast after a scheduling conflict forced Emily Blunt to drop out of the part. Johansson reprised the role in The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and will do so again for Infinity War's untitled 2019 sequel. Feige indicated interest in doing a solo Black Widow film in September 2010 and in February 2014, development work had begun on it, with Jac Schaeffer hired in January 2018 to write the script. That July, Cate Shortland was hired to direct. Previously, director Neil Marshall had expressed interest in directing the film. Black Widow appears in the 2013 direct - to - video anime film Iron Man: Rise of Technovore, voiced by Clare Grant. Black Widow teams up with The Punisher in the anime film Avengers Confidential: Black Widow & Punisher, voiced by Jennifer Carpenter. Title: Thanos Passage: The character appears in various Marvel Cinematic Universe films, including The Avengers (2012), portrayed by Damion Poitier, and Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and its untitled sequel (2019), portrayed by Josh Brolin through voice and motion capture. The character has appeared in various comic adaptations, including animated television series, arcade, and video games. Title: Christel Khalil Passage: Christel Khalil Christel Adnana Mina Khalil (1987 - 11 - 30) November 30, 1987 (age 30) Los Angeles, California Occupation Actress Years active 1993 -- present Known for The Young and the Restless as Lily Winters (2002 -- present) Spouse (s) Stephen Hensley (m. 2008 -- 2011) Children	[ "A Beautiful Mind (soundtrack)", "Paul Bettany" ]
2hop__88834_356793	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Article 3 of the Treaty of San Francisco between the Allied Powers and Japan, which came into force in April 1952, the U.S. put the outlying islands of the Ryukyus, including the island of Okinawa—home to over 1 million Okinawans related to the Japanese—and the Bonin Islands, the Volcano Islands, and Iwo Jima into U.S. trusteeship. All these trusteeships were slowly returned to Japanese rule. Okinawa was returned on May 15, 1972, but the U.S. stations troops in the island's bases as a defense for Japan.", "title": "51st state" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Happy Ending is a 1931 British drama film directed by Millard Webb and starring George Barraud, Daphne Courtney and Alfred Drayton. Its plot concerns a father who deserted his family some years before returning home only to find his wife has told his children and neighbours that he died as a hero when he abandoned them. A silent version, of \"The Happy Ending\" had been made in 1925 based on the same play.", "title": "The Happy Ending (1931 film)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Junior Puroku (born 26 January 1981) in the Cook Islands is a footballer who plays as a Midfielder. He currently plays for Tupapa Maraerenga in the Cook Islands Round Cup and the Cook Islands national football team.", "title": "Junior Puroku" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The program was filmed on the Fijian island of Savusavu and will feature Australian castaways competing for a grand prize of A $500,000. Jonathan LaPaglia returned to host the series for his third season.", "title": "Australian Survivor (season 5)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bindi Irwin as Nim Rusoe Matthew Lillard as Jack Rusoe Toby Wallace as Edmund John Waters as Booker BJ and Friday as Selkie Pumpkin as Fred Nathan Derrick as Felix Jack Pearson as Ben Sebastian Gregory as Frankie", "title": "Return to Nim's Island" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Child From the South was a 1991 television movie about a Nadia (played by Josette Simon), a young journalist, in political exile from South Africa since her father's assassination twenty years earlier and her return to cover a United Nations conference.", "title": "A Child from the South" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Incident Management System (NIMS) is a standardized approach to incident management developed by the United States Department of Homeland Security. The program was established in March 2004, in response to Homeland Security Presidential Directive - 5, issued by President George W. Bush. It is intended to facilitate coordination between all responders (including all levels of government with public, private, and nongovernmental organizations). The system has been revised once, in December 2008. The core training currently includes two courses: (1) IS - 700 NIMS, which provides a basic introduction to NIMS, and (2) ICS - 100, which includes history, details, and features, along with an introduction to the Incident Command System. Approximately 24 additional courses are available on selected topics.", "title": "National Incident Management System" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Emergency Management Institute (EMI) of the United States Federal Emergency Management Agency serves as the national focal point for the development and delivery of emergency management training to enhance the capabilities of state, territorial, local, and tribal government officials; volunteer organizations; FEMA's disaster workforce; other Federal agencies; and the public and private sectors to minimize the impact of disasters and emergencies on the American public. EMI curricula are structured to meet the needs of this diverse audience with an emphasis on separate organizations working together in all-hazards emergencies to save lives and protect property. Particular emphasis is placed on governing doctrine such as the National Response Framework (NRF), National Incident Management System (NIMS), and the National Preparedness Guidelines. EMI is fully accredited by the International Association for Continuing Education and Training (IACET) and the American Council on Education (ACE). The instruction is based upon the principles of Emergency Management and instructional systems design, which create a framework within whole communities to reduce vulnerability to hazards and to cope with disasters. EMI develops courses and implements training delivery systems to include residential onsite training; offsite delivery in partnership with Emergency Management training systems, colleges, and universities; and technology-based mediums to conduct individual training courses for Emergency Management and Response personnel across the United States.", "title": "Emergency Management Institute" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Andraes Norford (born 2 September 1991) in the British Virgin Islands is a footballer who plays as a Midfielder. He currently plays for British Virgin Islands Championship club Virgin Gorda Ballstars and the British Virgin Islands national football team.", "title": "Andraes Norford" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Nigerian Institute of Management (NIM) is a non-profit institution that defines the required skills and standards for professional managers, and offers courses leading to diplomas in Management.", "title": "Nigerian Institute of Management" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During this period, Petersen befriends a young native boy named Ham Chuck (Craig Jue), a war orphan who has no family other than his pet dog and the soldiers at the base camp. Also introduced is the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) base camp strike force leader, Captain Nim (George Takei), who was a Việt Minh officer from Hanoi during the previous war of liberation from the French colonists, and is now fighting for the anti-communist Republic of Vietnam / South Vietnamese government. He is obsessed with having to ``kill all the stinking Viet Cong ''to win this war. He also claims that there is a spy network within the camp and ARVN strike force.", "title": "The Green Berets (film)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Return Point is a rocky slope forming the south-west extremity of Coronation Island, in the South Orkney Islands of Antarctica. It lies 2 km west-north-west of Cheal Point.", "title": "Return Point" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trautman was born in Warsaw, Poland into an artistic family. His father, Mieczysław, was a painter and taught drawing at a secondary school in Warsaw. His mother, Eliza Trautman (née André), was French, though she was born in Spain, where her father, Marius André, was working as a French consular officer. His schooling, at the elementary level, was interrupted by the Warsaw Uprising of 1944. After spending about ten months in Germany, he returned, with his mother (his father had died in 1941) to Poland. In the fall of 1945, they both went to Paris, to stay with their family there. In France, Trautman attended a Polish secondary school from which he graduated in 1949 and returned to Poland shortly afterwards.", "title": "Andrzej Trautman" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "My Daddy, the Crocodile Hunter is a one-hour television documentary film that is hosted by Bindi Irwin and details her life and growing career and also serves as a memorial for her father, famed naturalist and conservationist Steve Irwin, better known as The Crocodile Hunter who died in 2006. She has inherited his legacy and continues his work.", "title": "My Daddy, the Crocodile Hunter" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shin Kyeong-nim was born on April 6, 1936 in North Chungcheong Province, South Korea. When he was young, Shin Kyong-rim frequented the people of Korea's rural villages and collected the traditional songs they sang. Much of his poetry represents a modernization of things he heard then Shin Kyeong-nim graduated in English Literature from Dongguk University, from which time he strove to become a creative writer. In 1955 and 1956, he made his formal literary debut with the publication of poems \"Day Moon\" (Natdal), \"Reeds\" (Galdae) and \"Statue of Stone\" (Seoksang). He taught elementary school in his hometown for a period of time, before moving to Seoul to work as an editor for Hyundae munhak and Donghwa Publishers. But his strong desire to create poetry continued.", "title": "Shin Kyeong-nim" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leonhard Seppala was born in the village of Skibotn in Storfjord municipality, Troms county, Norway. He was the oldest-born child of father Isak Isaksson Seppälä (of Swedish descent) and Anne Henriksdatter (of Finnish Norwegian Kven descent). His father's family name is of Finnish origin. When Seppala was two years old, his family moved within Troms county to nearby Skjervøy municipality on the island of Skjervøya. While in Skjervøy, his father worked as a blacksmith and fisherman, building up a relatively large estate. Seppala initially followed in his father's footsteps as both a blacksmith and a fisherman. However, he emigrated to Alaska during the Nome gold rush of the 1900s. His friend Jafet Lindeberg had returned from Alaska and convinced Seppala to come to work for his mining company in Nome.", "title": "Leonhard Seppala" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cheal Point is a rocky headland east-south-east of Return Point, the south-western extremity of Coronation Island, in the South Orkney Islands of Antarctica.", "title": "Cheal Point" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tuka Tisam (born 8 July 1986) in the Cook Islands is a footballer who plays as a Midfielder. He currently plays for Nikao Sokattack F.C. in the Cook Islands Round Cup and the Cook Islands national football team.", "title": "Tuka Tisam" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Šachl was picked 128th overall in the 1996 NHL Entry Draft by New York Islanders from HC České Budějovice. He then spent a year in the Western Hockey League for the Tri-City Americans before returning to České Budějovice. He moved to North America in 1999-00 and played one game in the West Coast Hockey League for the Tacoma Sabercats and then played three games in the United Hockey League for the Asheville Smoke before playing 55 games of the Fort Wayne Komets in the same league. In 2000, he was traded to Nashville Predators, and spent two seasons playing for the Milwaukee Admirals of the American Hockey League. He then moved to Finland in the Sm-liiga for Ässät and then for SaiPa and then briefly played in Sweden's Elitserien for Brynäs IF before returning to the Czech Extraliga with HC Liberec in 2005. On 9 October 2009, it was announced he had signed for HC Košice of the Slovak Extraliga.", "title": "Petr Šachl" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daddy's Home is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Sean Anders and written by Anders, Brian Burns, and John Morris. The film is about a mild - mannered step - father (Will Ferrell) who vies for the attention of his wife's (Linda Cardellini) children when their biological father (Mark Wahlberg) returns.", "title": "Daddy's Home (film)" } ]	Who is the father of Nim's actress in Return to Nim's Island?	Steve Irwin	[ "The Crocodile Hunter" ]	Title: Leonhard Seppala Passage: Leonhard Seppala was born in the village of Skibotn in Storfjord municipality, Troms county, Norway. He was the oldest-born child of father Isak Isaksson Seppälä (of Swedish descent) and Anne Henriksdatter (of Finnish Norwegian Kven descent). His father's family name is of Finnish origin. When Seppala was two years old, his family moved within Troms county to nearby Skjervøy municipality on the island of Skjervøya. While in Skjervøy, his father worked as a blacksmith and fisherman, building up a relatively large estate. Seppala initially followed in his father's footsteps as both a blacksmith and a fisherman. However, he emigrated to Alaska during the Nome gold rush of the 1900s. His friend Jafet Lindeberg had returned from Alaska and convinced Seppala to come to work for his mining company in Nome. Title: Cheal Point Passage: Cheal Point is a rocky headland east-south-east of Return Point, the south-western extremity of Coronation Island, in the South Orkney Islands of Antarctica. Title: Tuka Tisam Passage: Tuka Tisam (born 8 July 1986) in the Cook Islands is a footballer who plays as a Midfielder. He currently plays for Nikao Sokattack F.C. in the Cook Islands Round Cup and the Cook Islands national football team. Title: Andrzej Trautman Passage: Trautman was born in Warsaw, Poland into an artistic family. His father, Mieczysław, was a painter and taught drawing at a secondary school in Warsaw. His mother, Eliza Trautman (née André), was French, though she was born in Spain, where her father, Marius André, was working as a French consular officer. His schooling, at the elementary level, was interrupted by the Warsaw Uprising of 1944. After spending about ten months in Germany, he returned, with his mother (his father had died in 1941) to Poland. In the fall of 1945, they both went to Paris, to stay with their family there. In France, Trautman attended a Polish secondary school from which he graduated in 1949 and returned to Poland shortly afterwards. Title: Emergency Management Institute Passage: The Emergency Management Institute (EMI) of the United States Federal Emergency Management Agency serves as the national focal point for the development and delivery of emergency management training to enhance the capabilities of state, territorial, local, and tribal government officials; volunteer organizations; FEMA's disaster workforce; other Federal agencies; and the public and private sectors to minimize the impact of disasters and emergencies on the American public. EMI curricula are structured to meet the needs of this diverse audience with an emphasis on separate organizations working together in all-hazards emergencies to save lives and protect property. Particular emphasis is placed on governing doctrine such as the National Response Framework (NRF), National Incident Management System (NIMS), and the National Preparedness Guidelines. EMI is fully accredited by the International Association for Continuing Education and Training (IACET) and the American Council on Education (ACE). The instruction is based upon the principles of Emergency Management and instructional systems design, which create a framework within whole communities to reduce vulnerability to hazards and to cope with disasters. EMI develops courses and implements training delivery systems to include residential onsite training; offsite delivery in partnership with Emergency Management training systems, colleges, and universities; and technology-based mediums to conduct individual training courses for Emergency Management and Response personnel across the United States. Title: Australian Survivor (season 5) Passage: The program was filmed on the Fijian island of Savusavu and will feature Australian castaways competing for a grand prize of A $500,000. Jonathan LaPaglia returned to host the series for his third season. Title: Return Point Passage: Return Point is a rocky slope forming the south-west extremity of Coronation Island, in the South Orkney Islands of Antarctica. It lies 2 km west-north-west of Cheal Point. Title: The Happy Ending (1931 film) Passage: The Happy Ending is a 1931 British drama film directed by Millard Webb and starring George Barraud, Daphne Courtney and Alfred Drayton. Its plot concerns a father who deserted his family some years before returning home only to find his wife has told his children and neighbours that he died as a hero when he abandoned them. A silent version, of "The Happy Ending" had been made in 1925 based on the same play. Title: Junior Puroku Passage: Junior Puroku (born 26 January 1981) in the Cook Islands is a footballer who plays as a Midfielder. He currently plays for Tupapa Maraerenga in the Cook Islands Round Cup and the Cook Islands national football team. Title: The Green Berets (film) Passage: During this period, Petersen befriends a young native boy named Ham Chuck (Craig Jue), a war orphan who has no family other than his pet dog and the soldiers at the base camp. Also introduced is the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) base camp strike force leader, Captain Nim (George Takei), who was a Việt Minh officer from Hanoi during the previous war of liberation from the French colonists, and is now fighting for the anti-communist Republic of Vietnam / South Vietnamese government. He is obsessed with having to ``kill all the stinking Viet Cong ''to win this war. He also claims that there is a spy network within the camp and ARVN strike force. Title: A Child from the South Passage: A Child From the South was a 1991 television movie about a Nadia (played by Josette Simon), a young journalist, in political exile from South Africa since her father's assassination twenty years earlier and her return to cover a United Nations conference. Title: Shin Kyeong-nim Passage: Shin Kyeong-nim was born on April 6, 1936 in North Chungcheong Province, South Korea. When he was young, Shin Kyong-rim frequented the people of Korea's rural villages and collected the traditional songs they sang. Much of his poetry represents a modernization of things he heard then Shin Kyeong-nim graduated in English Literature from Dongguk University, from which time he strove to become a creative writer. In 1955 and 1956, he made his formal literary debut with the publication of poems "Day Moon" (Natdal), "Reeds" (Galdae) and "Statue of Stone" (Seoksang). He taught elementary school in his hometown for a period of time, before moving to Seoul to work as an editor for Hyundae munhak and Donghwa Publishers. But his strong desire to create poetry continued. Title: Petr Šachl Passage: Šachl was picked 128th overall in the 1996 NHL Entry Draft by New York Islanders from HC České Budějovice. He then spent a year in the Western Hockey League for the Tri-City Americans before returning to České Budějovice. He moved to North America in 1999-00 and played one game in the West Coast Hockey League for the Tacoma Sabercats and then played three games in the United Hockey League for the Asheville Smoke before playing 55 games of the Fort Wayne Komets in the same league. In 2000, he was traded to Nashville Predators, and spent two seasons playing for the Milwaukee Admirals of the American Hockey League. He then moved to Finland in the Sm-liiga for Ässät and then for SaiPa and then briefly played in Sweden's Elitserien for Brynäs IF before returning to the Czech Extraliga with HC Liberec in 2005. On 9 October 2009, it was announced he had signed for HC Košice of the Slovak Extraliga. Title: 51st state Passage: In Article 3 of the Treaty of San Francisco between the Allied Powers and Japan, which came into force in April 1952, the U.S. put the outlying islands of the Ryukyus, including the island of Okinawa—home to over 1 million Okinawans related to the Japanese—and the Bonin Islands, the Volcano Islands, and Iwo Jima into U.S. trusteeship. All these trusteeships were slowly returned to Japanese rule. Okinawa was returned on May 15, 1972, but the U.S. stations troops in the island's bases as a defense for Japan. Title: Andraes Norford Passage: Andraes Norford (born 2 September 1991) in the British Virgin Islands is a footballer who plays as a Midfielder. He currently plays for British Virgin Islands Championship club Virgin Gorda Ballstars and the British Virgin Islands national football team. Title: Daddy's Home (film) Passage: Daddy's Home is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Sean Anders and written by Anders, Brian Burns, and John Morris. The film is about a mild - mannered step - father (Will Ferrell) who vies for the attention of his wife's (Linda Cardellini) children when their biological father (Mark Wahlberg) returns. Title: National Incident Management System Passage: The National Incident Management System (NIMS) is a standardized approach to incident management developed by the United States Department of Homeland Security. The program was established in March 2004, in response to Homeland Security Presidential Directive - 5, issued by President George W. Bush. It is intended to facilitate coordination between all responders (including all levels of government with public, private, and nongovernmental organizations). The system has been revised once, in December 2008. The core training currently includes two courses: (1) IS - 700 NIMS, which provides a basic introduction to NIMS, and (2) ICS - 100, which includes history, details, and features, along with an introduction to the Incident Command System. Approximately 24 additional courses are available on selected topics. Title: My Daddy, the Crocodile Hunter Passage: My Daddy, the Crocodile Hunter is a one-hour television documentary film that is hosted by Bindi Irwin and details her life and growing career and also serves as a memorial for her father, famed naturalist and conservationist Steve Irwin, better known as The Crocodile Hunter who died in 2006. She has inherited his legacy and continues his work. Title: Nigerian Institute of Management Passage: The Nigerian Institute of Management (NIM) is a non-profit institution that defines the required skills and standards for professional managers, and offers courses leading to diplomas in Management. Title: Return to Nim's Island Passage: Bindi Irwin as Nim Rusoe Matthew Lillard as Jack Rusoe Toby Wallace as Edmund John Waters as Booker BJ and Friday as Selkie Pumpkin as Fred Nathan Derrick as Felix Jack Pearson as Ben Sebastian Gregory as Frankie	[ "Return to Nim's Island", "My Daddy, the Crocodile Hunter" ]
2hop__677929_696450	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Testament of Youth is the first instalment, covering 1900–1925, in the memoir of Vera Brittain (1893–1970). It was published in 1933. Brittain's memoir continues with \"Testament of Experience\", published in 1957, and encompassing the years 1925–1950. Between these two books comes \"Testament of Friendship\" (published in 1940), which is essentially a memoir of Brittain's close colleague and friend Winifred Holtby. A final segment of memoir, to be called \"Testament of Faith\" or \"Testament of Time\", was planned by Brittain but remained unfinished at her death.", "title": "Testament of Youth" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New Testament part of the Christian Bible was originally written in Koine Greek, as most of the Church and scholars believe, and is therefore not a translation (notwithstanding that some reference material may have been from Aramaic). However, like other living languages, the Greek language has developed over time. Therefore, various translations have been completed over the centuries to make it easier for Greek speakers to understand Holy Scripture. Translations of the Old Testament, which is the other part of the Christian Bible, have been completed for similar reasons.", "title": "Bible translations into Greek" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The deuterocanonical books (from the Greek meaning ``belonging to the second canon '') is a term adopted in 16th century by the Roman Catholic Church to denote those books and passages of the Christian Old Testament, as defined in 1546 by the Council of Trent, that were not found in the Hebrew Bible. The term distinguished these texts both from those that were termed protocanonical books, which were the books of the Hebrew canon; and from the apocryphal books, which were those books of Jewish origin that were known sometimes to have been read in church as scripture but which the Council considered not to be canonical.", "title": "Deuterocanonical books" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Gagosian is a contemporary art gallery owned and directed by Larry Gagosian. The gallery exhibits some of the most influential artists of the 20th and 21st centuries. There are 16 gallery spaces: five in New York; three in London; two in Paris; one each in Basel, Beverly Hills, San Francisco, Rome, Athens, Geneva and Hong Kong.", "title": "Gagosian Gallery" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miami also known as Miami - Holy Bible is a 2013 album by French singer-songwriter Damien Saez being his 8th studio album. It is credited on the album cover as Saez. The album was recorded in Davout Studios and released on Wagram Records.", "title": "Miami (Damien Saez album)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The use of the phrases as summaries of teaching emerged over time during the Reformation, based on the overarching principle of sola scriptura (by scripture alone). This idea contains the four main doctrines on the Bible: that its teaching is needed for salvation (necessity); that all the doctrine necessary for salvation comes from the Bible alone (sufficiency); that everything taught in the Bible is correct (inerrancy); and that, by the Holy Spirit overcoming sin, believers may read and understand truth from the Bible itself, though understanding is difficult, so the means used to guide individual believers to the true teaching is often mutual discussion within the church (clarity).", "title": "Protestantism" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first complete Roman Catholic Bible in English was the Douay -- Rheims Bible, of which the New Testament portion was published in Rheims in 1582 and the Old Testament somewhat later in Douay in Gallicant Flanders. The Old Testament was completed by the time the New Testament was published, but due to extenuating circumstances and financial issues was not published until nearly three decades later, in two editions, the first released in 1609, and the rest of the OT in 1610. In this version, the seven deuterocanonical books are mingled with the other books, rather than kept separate in an appendix.", "title": "Bible translations into English" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Early Modern English Bible translations are of between about 1500 and 1800, the period of Early Modern English. This, the first major period of Bible translation into the English language, began with the introduction of the Tyndale Bible. The first complete edition of his New Testament was in 1526. Tyndale used the Greek and Hebrew texts of the New Testament (NT) and Old Testament (OT) in addition to Jerome's Latin translation. He was the first translator to use the printing press -- this enabled the distribution of several thousand copies of his New Testament translation throughout England. Tyndale did not complete his Old Testament translation. The first printed English translation of the whole bible was produced by Miles Coverdale in 1535, using Tyndale's work together with his own translations from the Latin Vulgate or German text. After much scholarly debate it is concluded that this was printed in Antwerp and the colophon gives the date as 4th October 1535. This first edition was adapted by Coverdale for his first ``authorised version '', known as the Great Bible, of 1539. Other early printed versions were the Geneva Bible (1560), notable for being the first Bible divided into verses; the Bishop's Bible (1568), which was an attempt by Elizabeth I to create a new authorised version; and the Authorized King James Version of 1611.", "title": "Bible translations into English" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Final Testament of the Holy Bible is a novel written by James Frey, published by Gagosian Gallery in 2011. The book is published in the UK by John Murray with the shortened title \"The Final Testament\".", "title": "The Final Testament of the Holy Bible" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Until the 19th century, Westminster was the third seat of learning in England, after Oxford and Cambridge. It was here that the first third of the King James Bible Old Testament and the last half of the New Testament were translated. The New English Bible was also put together here in the 20th century. Westminster suffered minor damage during the Blitz on 15 November 1940.", "title": "Westminster Abbey" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Codex Alexandrinus (London, British Library, MS Royal 1. D. V-VIII; Gregory-Aland no. A or 02, Soden δ 4) is a fifth-century manuscript of the Greek Bible, containing the majority of the Septuagint and the New Testament. It is one of the four Great uncial codices. Along with the Codex Sinaiticus and the Vaticanus, it is one of the earliest and most complete manuscripts of the Bible. Brian Walton assigned Alexandrinus the capital Latin letter A in the Polyglot Bible of 1657. This designation was maintained when the system was standardized by Wettstein in 1751. Thus, Alexandrinus held the first position in the manuscript list.", "title": "Codex Alexandrinus" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the term apocrypha had been in use since the 5th century, it was in Luther's Bible of 1534 that the Apocrypha was first published as a separate intertestamental section. To this date, the Apocrypha is ``included in the lectionaries of Anglican and Lutheran Churches. ''Moreover, the Revised Common Lectionary, in use by most mainline Protestants including Methodists and Moravians, lists readings from the Apocrypha in the liturgical kalendar, although alternate Old Testament scripture lessons are provided.", "title": "Biblical apocrypha" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Holy of Holies was covered by a veil, and no one was allowed to enter except the High Priest, and even he could only enter once a year on Yom Kippur (the day of atonement), to offer the blood of sacrifice and incense before the mercy seat. The Bible reports that in the wilderness, on the day that the tabernacle was first raised up, the cloud of the Lord covered the tabernacle (Exodus 40: 33 - 40: 34). There are other times that this was recorded, and instructions were given that the Lord would appear in the cloud upon the mercy seat (kapporet), and at that time the priests should not enter into the tabernacle (Leviticus 16: 2). According to the Hebrew Bible, the Holy of Holies contained the Ark of the Covenant with representation of Cherubim. Upon completion of the dedication of the Tabernacle, the Voice of God spoke to Moses ``from between the Cherubim ''(Numbers 7: 89).", "title": "Holy of Holies" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The King James Version (KJV), also known as the King James Bible (KJB) or simply the Authorized Version (AV), is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, begun in 1604 and completed / published in 1611. The books of the King James Version include the 39 books of the Old Testament, an intertestamental section containing 14 books of the Apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament.", "title": "King James Version" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The term Holy Spirit appears at least 90 times in the New Testament. The sacredness of the Holy Spirit to Christians is affirmed in all three Synoptic Gospels (Matthew 12: 30 -- 32, Mark 3: 28 -- 30 and Luke 12: 8 -- 10) which proclaim that blasphemy against the Holy Spirit is the unforgivable sin. The participation of the Holy Spirit in the Trinity is suggested in Jesus' final post-Resurrection instruction to his disciples at the end of the Gospel of Matthew (28: 19): ``Go ye therefore, and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit ''.", "title": "Holy Spirit in Christianity" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some Christians argue that the earliest source of political federalism (or federalism in human institutions; in contrast to theological federalism) is the ecclesiastical federalism found in the Bible. They point to the structure of the early Christian Church as described (and prescribed, as believed by many) in the New Testament. In their arguments, this is particularly demonstrated in the Council of Jerusalem, described in Acts chapter 15, where the Apostles and elders gathered together to govern the Church; the Apostles being representatives of the universal Church, and elders being such for the local church. To this day, elements of federalism can be found in almost every Christian denomination, some more than others.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Seventh Sign is a 1988 American apocalyptic drama horror film written by Clifford and Ellen Green and directed by Carl Schultz. The title and plot reference the seven seals described in the Book of Revelation, the final book of the New Testament of the Bible. The film received negative reviews and grossed $18.8 million at the box office.", "title": "The Seventh Sign" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fire and brimstone (or, alternatively, brimstone and fire) is an idiomatic expression of referring to God's wrath in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) and the New Testament. In the Bible, it often appears in reference to the fate of the unfaithful. Brimstone, an archaic term synonymous with sulfur, evokes the acrid odor of sulphur dioxide given off by lightning strikes. Lightning was understood as divine punishment by many ancient religions; the association of sulphur with God's retribution is common in the Bible. The English phrase ``fire and brimstone ''originates in the King James Bible.", "title": "Fire and brimstone" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New International Version (NIV) is an English translation of the Bible first published in 1978 by Biblica (formerly the International Bible Society). The NIV was published to meet the need for a modern translation done by Bible scholars using the earliest, highest quality manuscripts available. Of equal importance was that the Bible be expressed in broadly understood modern English.", "title": "New International Version" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Let there be light ''is an English translation of the Hebrew יְהִי אוֹר ‎ (yehi 'or) found in Genesis 1: 3 of the Torah, the first part of the Hebrew Bible. In Old Testament translations of the phrase, translations include the Greek phrase γενηθήτω φῶς (genēthētō phōs) and the Latin phrase fiat lux.", "title": "Let there be light" } ]	Who founded the publisher of The Final Testament of the Holy Bible?	Larry Gagosian	[]	Title: Protestantism Passage: The use of the phrases as summaries of teaching emerged over time during the Reformation, based on the overarching principle of sola scriptura (by scripture alone). This idea contains the four main doctrines on the Bible: that its teaching is needed for salvation (necessity); that all the doctrine necessary for salvation comes from the Bible alone (sufficiency); that everything taught in the Bible is correct (inerrancy); and that, by the Holy Spirit overcoming sin, believers may read and understand truth from the Bible itself, though understanding is difficult, so the means used to guide individual believers to the true teaching is often mutual discussion within the church (clarity). Title: New International Version Passage: The New International Version (NIV) is an English translation of the Bible first published in 1978 by Biblica (formerly the International Bible Society). The NIV was published to meet the need for a modern translation done by Bible scholars using the earliest, highest quality manuscripts available. Of equal importance was that the Bible be expressed in broadly understood modern English. Title: Fire and brimstone Passage: Fire and brimstone (or, alternatively, brimstone and fire) is an idiomatic expression of referring to God's wrath in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) and the New Testament. In the Bible, it often appears in reference to the fate of the unfaithful. Brimstone, an archaic term synonymous with sulfur, evokes the acrid odor of sulphur dioxide given off by lightning strikes. Lightning was understood as divine punishment by many ancient religions; the association of sulphur with God's retribution is common in the Bible. The English phrase ``fire and brimstone ''originates in the King James Bible. Title: Testament of Youth Passage: Testament of Youth is the first instalment, covering 1900–1925, in the memoir of Vera Brittain (1893–1970). It was published in 1933. Brittain's memoir continues with "Testament of Experience", published in 1957, and encompassing the years 1925–1950. Between these two books comes "Testament of Friendship" (published in 1940), which is essentially a memoir of Brittain's close colleague and friend Winifred Holtby. A final segment of memoir, to be called "Testament of Faith" or "Testament of Time", was planned by Brittain but remained unfinished at her death. Title: The Seventh Sign Passage: The Seventh Sign is a 1988 American apocalyptic drama horror film written by Clifford and Ellen Green and directed by Carl Schultz. The title and plot reference the seven seals described in the Book of Revelation, the final book of the New Testament of the Bible. The film received negative reviews and grossed $18.8 million at the box office. Title: Miami (Damien Saez album) Passage: Miami also known as Miami - Holy Bible is a 2013 album by French singer-songwriter Damien Saez being his 8th studio album. It is credited on the album cover as Saez. The album was recorded in Davout Studios and released on Wagram Records. Title: The Final Testament of the Holy Bible Passage: The Final Testament of the Holy Bible is a novel written by James Frey, published by Gagosian Gallery in 2011. The book is published in the UK by John Murray with the shortened title "The Final Testament". Title: Gagosian Gallery Passage: Gagosian is a contemporary art gallery owned and directed by Larry Gagosian. The gallery exhibits some of the most influential artists of the 20th and 21st centuries. There are 16 gallery spaces: five in New York; three in London; two in Paris; one each in Basel, Beverly Hills, San Francisco, Rome, Athens, Geneva and Hong Kong. Title: King James Version Passage: The King James Version (KJV), also known as the King James Bible (KJB) or simply the Authorized Version (AV), is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, begun in 1604 and completed / published in 1611. The books of the King James Version include the 39 books of the Old Testament, an intertestamental section containing 14 books of the Apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament. Title: Holy Spirit in Christianity Passage: The term Holy Spirit appears at least 90 times in the New Testament. The sacredness of the Holy Spirit to Christians is affirmed in all three Synoptic Gospels (Matthew 12: 30 -- 32, Mark 3: 28 -- 30 and Luke 12: 8 -- 10) which proclaim that blasphemy against the Holy Spirit is the unforgivable sin. The participation of the Holy Spirit in the Trinity is suggested in Jesus' final post-Resurrection instruction to his disciples at the end of the Gospel of Matthew (28: 19): ``Go ye therefore, and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit ''. Title: Bible translations into English Passage: The first complete Roman Catholic Bible in English was the Douay -- Rheims Bible, of which the New Testament portion was published in Rheims in 1582 and the Old Testament somewhat later in Douay in Gallicant Flanders. The Old Testament was completed by the time the New Testament was published, but due to extenuating circumstances and financial issues was not published until nearly three decades later, in two editions, the first released in 1609, and the rest of the OT in 1610. In this version, the seven deuterocanonical books are mingled with the other books, rather than kept separate in an appendix. Title: Bible translations into English Passage: Early Modern English Bible translations are of between about 1500 and 1800, the period of Early Modern English. This, the first major period of Bible translation into the English language, began with the introduction of the Tyndale Bible. The first complete edition of his New Testament was in 1526. Tyndale used the Greek and Hebrew texts of the New Testament (NT) and Old Testament (OT) in addition to Jerome's Latin translation. He was the first translator to use the printing press -- this enabled the distribution of several thousand copies of his New Testament translation throughout England. Tyndale did not complete his Old Testament translation. The first printed English translation of the whole bible was produced by Miles Coverdale in 1535, using Tyndale's work together with his own translations from the Latin Vulgate or German text. After much scholarly debate it is concluded that this was printed in Antwerp and the colophon gives the date as 4th October 1535. This first edition was adapted by Coverdale for his first ``authorised version '', known as the Great Bible, of 1539. Other early printed versions were the Geneva Bible (1560), notable for being the first Bible divided into verses; the Bishop's Bible (1568), which was an attempt by Elizabeth I to create a new authorised version; and the Authorized King James Version of 1611. Title: Holy of Holies Passage: The Holy of Holies was covered by a veil, and no one was allowed to enter except the High Priest, and even he could only enter once a year on Yom Kippur (the day of atonement), to offer the blood of sacrifice and incense before the mercy seat. The Bible reports that in the wilderness, on the day that the tabernacle was first raised up, the cloud of the Lord covered the tabernacle (Exodus 40: 33 - 40: 34). There are other times that this was recorded, and instructions were given that the Lord would appear in the cloud upon the mercy seat (kapporet), and at that time the priests should not enter into the tabernacle (Leviticus 16: 2). According to the Hebrew Bible, the Holy of Holies contained the Ark of the Covenant with representation of Cherubim. Upon completion of the dedication of the Tabernacle, the Voice of God spoke to Moses ``from between the Cherubim ''(Numbers 7: 89). Title: Westminster Abbey Passage: Until the 19th century, Westminster was the third seat of learning in England, after Oxford and Cambridge. It was here that the first third of the King James Bible Old Testament and the last half of the New Testament were translated. The New English Bible was also put together here in the 20th century. Westminster suffered minor damage during the Blitz on 15 November 1940. Title: Let there be light Passage: ``Let there be light ''is an English translation of the Hebrew יְהִי אוֹר ‎ (yehi 'or) found in Genesis 1: 3 of the Torah, the first part of the Hebrew Bible. In Old Testament translations of the phrase, translations include the Greek phrase γενηθήτω φῶς (genēthētō phōs) and the Latin phrase fiat lux. Title: Bible translations into Greek Passage: The New Testament part of the Christian Bible was originally written in Koine Greek, as most of the Church and scholars believe, and is therefore not a translation (notwithstanding that some reference material may have been from Aramaic). However, like other living languages, the Greek language has developed over time. Therefore, various translations have been completed over the centuries to make it easier for Greek speakers to understand Holy Scripture. Translations of the Old Testament, which is the other part of the Christian Bible, have been completed for similar reasons. Title: Federalism Passage: Some Christians argue that the earliest source of political federalism (or federalism in human institutions; in contrast to theological federalism) is the ecclesiastical federalism found in the Bible. They point to the structure of the early Christian Church as described (and prescribed, as believed by many) in the New Testament. In their arguments, this is particularly demonstrated in the Council of Jerusalem, described in Acts chapter 15, where the Apostles and elders gathered together to govern the Church; the Apostles being representatives of the universal Church, and elders being such for the local church. To this day, elements of federalism can be found in almost every Christian denomination, some more than others. Title: Biblical apocrypha Passage: Although the term apocrypha had been in use since the 5th century, it was in Luther's Bible of 1534 that the Apocrypha was first published as a separate intertestamental section. To this date, the Apocrypha is ``included in the lectionaries of Anglican and Lutheran Churches. ''Moreover, the Revised Common Lectionary, in use by most mainline Protestants including Methodists and Moravians, lists readings from the Apocrypha in the liturgical kalendar, although alternate Old Testament scripture lessons are provided. Title: Codex Alexandrinus Passage: The Codex Alexandrinus (London, British Library, MS Royal 1. D. V-VIII; Gregory-Aland no. A or 02, Soden δ 4) is a fifth-century manuscript of the Greek Bible, containing the majority of the Septuagint and the New Testament. It is one of the four Great uncial codices. Along with the Codex Sinaiticus and the Vaticanus, it is one of the earliest and most complete manuscripts of the Bible. Brian Walton assigned Alexandrinus the capital Latin letter A in the Polyglot Bible of 1657. This designation was maintained when the system was standardized by Wettstein in 1751. Thus, Alexandrinus held the first position in the manuscript list. Title: Deuterocanonical books Passage: The deuterocanonical books (from the Greek meaning ``belonging to the second canon '') is a term adopted in 16th century by the Roman Catholic Church to denote those books and passages of the Christian Old Testament, as defined in 1546 by the Council of Trent, that were not found in the Hebrew Bible. The term distinguished these texts both from those that were termed protocanonical books, which were the books of the Hebrew canon; and from the apocryphal books, which were those books of Jewish origin that were known sometimes to have been read in church as scripture but which the Council considered not to be canonical.	[ "Gagosian Gallery", "The Final Testament of the Holy Bible" ]
2hop__53937_92673	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "No. Title Writer (s) Length 1. ``Ragin 'Cajun Redneck Christmas ''(Willie Robertson) Willie Robertson, Dallas Davidson 3: 27 2.`` I'll Be Home for Christmas'' (Missy Robertson) Walter Kent, Kim Gannon, Buck Ram 3: 50 3. ``You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch ''(Si Robertson) Theodor S. Geisel, Albert Hague 3: 04 4.`` Christmas Cookies'' (Phil Robertson and George Strait with Miss Kay) Aaron Barker 3: 18 5. ``Away in a Manger ''(Sadie Robertson with Alison Krauss, Luke 2: 8 - 14 Scripture Reading by Mia) Traditional 4: 03 6.`` Hairy Christmas'' (Willie Robertson and Luke Bryan with Phil, Uncle Si, Jase, Jep) Chancie Neal, Jimmy Melton, Michael Mobley 3: 30 7. ``Baby, It's Cold Outside ''(Missy and Jase Robertson) Frank Loesser 3: 45 8.`` Duck the Halls'' (Robertson Family) Buddy Cannon, Willie Robertson, Jase Robertson, Korie Robertson, Missy Robertson 2: 29 9. ``Camouflage And Christmas Lights ''(Reed Robertson) Michael Logen, Andrew Dorff 3: 29 10.`` Rudolph the Red - Nosed Reindeer'' (Sadie Robertson and Robertson kids with Uncle Si) Johnny Marks 2: 41 11. ``The Night Before Christmas ''(Si Robertson) Willie Robertson 3: 41 12.`` Why I Love Christmas'' (Missy Robertson with Josh Turner) Josh Turner 3: 32 13. ``Silent Night ''(Robertson family) Traditional 4: 19 14.`` Phil's Prayer, Willie's Closing'' 1: 10", "title": "Duck the Halls: A Robertson Family Christmas" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rudolph the Red - Nosed Reindeer is a 1964 Christmas stop - motion animated television special produced by Videocraft International, Ltd. (later known as Rankin / Bass Productions) and currently distributed by Universal Television. It first aired Sunday, December 6, 1964, on the NBC television network in the United States, and was sponsored by General Electric under the umbrella title of The General Electric Fantasy Hour. The special was based on the Johnny Marks song ``Rudolph the Red - Nosed Reindeer ''which was itself based on the poem of the same name written in 1939 by Marks' brother - in - law, Robert L. May. Since 1972, the special has aired on CBS, with the network unveiling a high - definition, digitally remastered version of the program in 2005. As with A Charlie Brown Christmas and How the Grinch Stole Christmas, Rudolph no longer airs just once annually, but several times during the Christmas and holiday season on CBS. Unlike other holiday specials that also air on several cable channels (including Freeform), Rudolph only airs on CBS. It has been telecast every year since 1964, making it the longest continuously running Christmas TV special in history. 2014 marked the 50th anniversary of the television special and a series of postage stamps featuring Rudolph was issued by the United States Postal Service on November 6, 2014.", "title": "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (TV special)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rudolph Goclenius the Younger (born \"Rudolph Göckel\"; 22 August 1572 in Wittenberg – 3 March 1621 in Marburg) was a German physician and professor of physics, medicine and mathematics at the Philipps University of Marburg. He was the oldest son of Rudolph Goclenius, who was also professor of rhetoric, logic and ethics at Marburg.", "title": "Rudolph Goclenius the Younger" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A now older Rudolph, still unable to find a place in the world, returns home to the North Pole, only to find that his family and Clarice had left to look for him and are now about to be eaten by the Bumble. With the help of Hermey and Yukon (who arrived separately), they lure the Bumble away and pacify him by knocking him unconscious and allowing Hermey (with dental skills he has acquired by reading books) to remove his sharp teeth. Everyone eventually returns to Santa's workshop, where a dismayed Santa Claus breaks the bad news that the weather is too bad to take the sleigh out and that Christmas would be canceled. Santa changes his mind when he notices Rudolph's red nose and asks Rudolph to lead the sleigh team, which he happily accepts.", "title": "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dolphin's Nose Viewpoint is a tourist spot in Coonoor, The Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu. Dolphin's Nose is well over 1,550 Meter (5075 Feet) above sea level, 10 km from Coonoor and is a spectacular spot to visit. The tip of the peak resembles a dolphin's nose, hence the name Dolphin's Nose. It is an enormous rock formation that is entirely unique. There are gigantic ravines found both to the left and right of Dolphin's Nose and there is a view of inspiring Catherine Falls with its continuing stream several thousand metres below which is located a relatively short distance away opposite of the Dolphin's Nose. Best part of spot are the hairpin turns and tea plantations on the way", "title": "Dolphin's Nose, Coonoor" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90 ° North, as well as the direction of true north. At the North Pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. Along tight latitude circles, counterclockwise is east and clockwise is west. The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere.", "title": "North Pole" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"From Raxacoricofallapatorius with Love\" is a special one-off episode from \"Doctor Who\" spin-off \"The Sarah Jane Adventures\". It was the first \"Doctor Who\" spin-off to produce a special for Comic Relief and was broadcast on 13 March 2009 as part of Red Nose Day 2009.", "title": "From Raxacoricofallapatorius with Love" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2014 Six-red World Championship (often styled the 2014 SangSom 6-red World Championship for sponsorship and marketing purposes) was a six-red snooker tournament held between 1 and 6 September 2014 at the Montien Riverside Hotel in Bangkok, Thailand.", "title": "2014 Six-red World Championship" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Christmas Story Live! is a television special that was originally broadcast by Fox on December 17, 2017. It was a live, televised musical remake of the 1983 film A Christmas Story, and incorporated the 2012 stage musical version A Christmas Story: The Musical. The live musical was executive produced by Marc Platt and Adam Siegel, directed by Scott Ellis and Alex Rudzinski, and starred Matthew Broderick, Andy Walken, Maya Rudolph, Chris Diamantopoulos, and Jane Krakowski.", "title": "A Christmas Story Live!" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Rudolph, the Red - Nosed Reindeer ''is a song written by Johnny Marks based on the 1939 story Rudolph the Red - Nosed Reindeer published by the Montgomery Ward Company. Gene Autry's recording hit No. 1 on the U.S. charts the week of Christmas 1949.", "title": "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (song)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Red Shirley is a short documentary film directed by Lou Reed. It tells the story of his cousin, Shirley Novick, living through World War I, fleeing Poland during World War II, and taking part in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. The film was shot by photographer Ralph Gibson, and the soundtrack was recorded by Metal Machine Trio.", "title": "Red Shirley" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olivia Rose Olson (born May 21, 1992) is an American actress and singer - songwriter, mostly known for her voice roles as Vanessa Doofenshmirtz in Phineas and Ferb and Marceline the Vampire Queen in Adventure Time. She also played the character of Joanna in the 2003 film Love Actually and its 2017 short sequel Red Nose Day Actually.", "title": "Olivia Olson" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rudolph is a town in Wood County, Wisconsin, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the town population was 1,161. The Village of Rudolph is located within the town.", "title": "Rudolph (town), Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Lovin 'You ''is a 1975 hit single originally performed by American singer Minnie Riperton from her album Perfect Angel (1974). It was written by Riperton and Richard Rudolph, produced by Stevie Wonder and Richard Rudolph, and released on January 13, 1975.", "title": "Lovin' You" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Norwegian researchers at the University of Tromsø have shown that some Arctic animals (ptarmigan, reindeer) show circadian rhythms only in the parts of the year that have daily sunrises and sunsets. In one study of reindeer, animals at 70 degrees North showed circadian rhythms in the autumn, winter and spring, but not in the summer. Reindeer on Svalbard at 78 degrees North showed such rhythms only in autumn and spring. The researchers suspect that other Arctic animals as well may not show circadian rhythms in the constant light of summer and the constant dark of winter.", "title": "Circadian rhythm" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rudolph the Red - Nosed Reindeer, popularly known as ``Santa's ninth reindeer '', is a fabled reindeer created by Robert Lewis May. Rudolph is usually depicted as the lead reindeer pulling Santa's sleigh on Christmas Eve, though he is a young buck who has only adolescent antlers and a glowing red nose. Though he receives scrutiny for it, the luminosity of his nose is so great that it illuminates the team's path through harsh winter weather.", "title": "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rudolph's Shiny New Year is a 1976 Christmas / New Year's stop motion animated television special and a sequel to the 1964 special Rudolph the Red - Nosed Reindeer produced by Rankin / Bass Productions. The special premiered on ABC on December 10, 1976. Three years later, it was also aired on TV Asahi in Japan on December 24, 1979 under the Japanese dub title 赤鼻のトナカイルドルフ物語 (Akahananotonakai Rudorufu Monogatari).", "title": "Rudolph's Shiny New Year" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2013 Six-red World Championship (often styled the 2013 SangSom 6-red World Championship for sponsorship and marketing purposes) was a six-red snooker tournament held between 2 and 7 September 2013 at the Montien Riverside Hotel in Bangkok, Thailand.", "title": "2013 Six-red World Championship" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gerard de Jode (1509–1591) was a Netherlandish cartographer, engraver and publisher who lived and worked in Antwerp during the 16th century. He was born in Nijmegen and died in Antwerp. In 1547 he was admitted to the Guild of St. Luke, and began his work as a publisher/printseller. He often printed the works of other cartographers including Gastaldi's map of the world in 1555, Jacob van Deventer's map of Brabant in 1558, Ortelius' eight sheet map of the world in 1564, and maps by Bartholomeus Musinus and Fernando Alvares Seco.", "title": "Gerard de Jode" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Perhaps the most well - known version of all the Rudolph adaptations is the Rankin / Bass Productions version of 1964. Filmed in Japan, with all sound recordings done in Toronto, Canada, the show premièred on NBC. As the producers of the special only had the song as source material and did not have a copy of the original book, they interpolated an original story around the central narrative of the song, one that differed from the book. This re-telling chronicles Rudolph's social rejection among his peers and his decision to run away from home. Rudolph is accompanied by a similarly outcast elf named Hermey, who skipped elf practice to become a dentist, along with a loud, boisterous, eager prospector named Yukon Cornelius who was in search of wealth. Additional original characters include Rudolph's love interest, Clarice; the antagonistic ``Abominable Snow Monster ''; and, as narrator, the living Sam the Snowman, voiced by Burl Ives.", "title": "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" } ]	Where is the place where Rudolph the red-nosed reindeer lives on the world map?	latitude 90 ° North	[]	Title: Rudolph's Shiny New Year Passage: Rudolph's Shiny New Year is a 1976 Christmas / New Year's stop motion animated television special and a sequel to the 1964 special Rudolph the Red - Nosed Reindeer produced by Rankin / Bass Productions. The special premiered on ABC on December 10, 1976. Three years later, it was also aired on TV Asahi in Japan on December 24, 1979 under the Japanese dub title 赤鼻のトナカイルドルフ物語 (Akahananotonakai Rudorufu Monogatari). Title: North Pole Passage: The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90 ° North, as well as the direction of true north. At the North Pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. Along tight latitude circles, counterclockwise is east and clockwise is west. The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere. Title: Rudolph (town), Wisconsin Passage: Rudolph is a town in Wood County, Wisconsin, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the town population was 1,161. The Village of Rudolph is located within the town. Title: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer Passage: A now older Rudolph, still unable to find a place in the world, returns home to the North Pole, only to find that his family and Clarice had left to look for him and are now about to be eaten by the Bumble. With the help of Hermey and Yukon (who arrived separately), they lure the Bumble away and pacify him by knocking him unconscious and allowing Hermey (with dental skills he has acquired by reading books) to remove his sharp teeth. Everyone eventually returns to Santa's workshop, where a dismayed Santa Claus breaks the bad news that the weather is too bad to take the sleigh out and that Christmas would be canceled. Santa changes his mind when he notices Rudolph's red nose and asks Rudolph to lead the sleigh team, which he happily accepts. Title: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer Passage: Rudolph the Red - Nosed Reindeer, popularly known as ``Santa's ninth reindeer '', is a fabled reindeer created by Robert Lewis May. Rudolph is usually depicted as the lead reindeer pulling Santa's sleigh on Christmas Eve, though he is a young buck who has only adolescent antlers and a glowing red nose. Though he receives scrutiny for it, the luminosity of his nose is so great that it illuminates the team's path through harsh winter weather. Title: A Christmas Story Live! Passage: A Christmas Story Live! is a television special that was originally broadcast by Fox on December 17, 2017. It was a live, televised musical remake of the 1983 film A Christmas Story, and incorporated the 2012 stage musical version A Christmas Story: The Musical. The live musical was executive produced by Marc Platt and Adam Siegel, directed by Scott Ellis and Alex Rudzinski, and starred Matthew Broderick, Andy Walken, Maya Rudolph, Chris Diamantopoulos, and Jane Krakowski. Title: Gerard de Jode Passage: Gerard de Jode (1509–1591) was a Netherlandish cartographer, engraver and publisher who lived and worked in Antwerp during the 16th century. He was born in Nijmegen and died in Antwerp. In 1547 he was admitted to the Guild of St. Luke, and began his work as a publisher/printseller. He often printed the works of other cartographers including Gastaldi's map of the world in 1555, Jacob van Deventer's map of Brabant in 1558, Ortelius' eight sheet map of the world in 1564, and maps by Bartholomeus Musinus and Fernando Alvares Seco. Title: From Raxacoricofallapatorius with Love Passage: "From Raxacoricofallapatorius with Love" is a special one-off episode from "Doctor Who" spin-off "The Sarah Jane Adventures". It was the first "Doctor Who" spin-off to produce a special for Comic Relief and was broadcast on 13 March 2009 as part of Red Nose Day 2009. Title: Olivia Olson Passage: Olivia Rose Olson (born May 21, 1992) is an American actress and singer - songwriter, mostly known for her voice roles as Vanessa Doofenshmirtz in Phineas and Ferb and Marceline the Vampire Queen in Adventure Time. She also played the character of Joanna in the 2003 film Love Actually and its 2017 short sequel Red Nose Day Actually. Title: 2014 Six-red World Championship Passage: The 2014 Six-red World Championship (often styled the 2014 SangSom 6-red World Championship for sponsorship and marketing purposes) was a six-red snooker tournament held between 1 and 6 September 2014 at the Montien Riverside Hotel in Bangkok, Thailand. Title: Dolphin's Nose, Coonoor Passage: Dolphin's Nose Viewpoint is a tourist spot in Coonoor, The Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu. Dolphin's Nose is well over 1,550 Meter (5075 Feet) above sea level, 10 km from Coonoor and is a spectacular spot to visit. The tip of the peak resembles a dolphin's nose, hence the name Dolphin's Nose. It is an enormous rock formation that is entirely unique. There are gigantic ravines found both to the left and right of Dolphin's Nose and there is a view of inspiring Catherine Falls with its continuing stream several thousand metres below which is located a relatively short distance away opposite of the Dolphin's Nose. Best part of spot are the hairpin turns and tea plantations on the way Title: Red Shirley Passage: Red Shirley is a short documentary film directed by Lou Reed. It tells the story of his cousin, Shirley Novick, living through World War I, fleeing Poland during World War II, and taking part in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. The film was shot by photographer Ralph Gibson, and the soundtrack was recorded by Metal Machine Trio. Title: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer Passage: Perhaps the most well - known version of all the Rudolph adaptations is the Rankin / Bass Productions version of 1964. Filmed in Japan, with all sound recordings done in Toronto, Canada, the show premièred on NBC. As the producers of the special only had the song as source material and did not have a copy of the original book, they interpolated an original story around the central narrative of the song, one that differed from the book. This re-telling chronicles Rudolph's social rejection among his peers and his decision to run away from home. Rudolph is accompanied by a similarly outcast elf named Hermey, who skipped elf practice to become a dentist, along with a loud, boisterous, eager prospector named Yukon Cornelius who was in search of wealth. Additional original characters include Rudolph's love interest, Clarice; the antagonistic ``Abominable Snow Monster ''; and, as narrator, the living Sam the Snowman, voiced by Burl Ives. Title: Duck the Halls: A Robertson Family Christmas Passage: No. Title Writer (s) Length 1. ``Ragin 'Cajun Redneck Christmas ''(Willie Robertson) Willie Robertson, Dallas Davidson 3: 27 2.`` I'll Be Home for Christmas'' (Missy Robertson) Walter Kent, Kim Gannon, Buck Ram 3: 50 3. ``You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch ''(Si Robertson) Theodor S. Geisel, Albert Hague 3: 04 4.`` Christmas Cookies'' (Phil Robertson and George Strait with Miss Kay) Aaron Barker 3: 18 5. ``Away in a Manger ''(Sadie Robertson with Alison Krauss, Luke 2: 8 - 14 Scripture Reading by Mia) Traditional 4: 03 6.`` Hairy Christmas'' (Willie Robertson and Luke Bryan with Phil, Uncle Si, Jase, Jep) Chancie Neal, Jimmy Melton, Michael Mobley 3: 30 7. ``Baby, It's Cold Outside ''(Missy and Jase Robertson) Frank Loesser 3: 45 8.`` Duck the Halls'' (Robertson Family) Buddy Cannon, Willie Robertson, Jase Robertson, Korie Robertson, Missy Robertson 2: 29 9. ``Camouflage And Christmas Lights ''(Reed Robertson) Michael Logen, Andrew Dorff 3: 29 10.`` Rudolph the Red - Nosed Reindeer'' (Sadie Robertson and Robertson kids with Uncle Si) Johnny Marks 2: 41 11. ``The Night Before Christmas ''(Si Robertson) Willie Robertson 3: 41 12.`` Why I Love Christmas'' (Missy Robertson with Josh Turner) Josh Turner 3: 32 13. ``Silent Night ''(Robertson family) Traditional 4: 19 14.`` Phil's Prayer, Willie's Closing'' 1: 10 Title: Rudolph Goclenius the Younger Passage: Rudolph Goclenius the Younger (born "Rudolph Göckel"; 22 August 1572 in Wittenberg – 3 March 1621 in Marburg) was a German physician and professor of physics, medicine and mathematics at the Philipps University of Marburg. He was the oldest son of Rudolph Goclenius, who was also professor of rhetoric, logic and ethics at Marburg. Title: Lovin' You Passage: ``Lovin 'You ''is a 1975 hit single originally performed by American singer Minnie Riperton from her album Perfect Angel (1974). It was written by Riperton and Richard Rudolph, produced by Stevie Wonder and Richard Rudolph, and released on January 13, 1975. Title: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (song) Passage: ``Rudolph, the Red - Nosed Reindeer ''is a song written by Johnny Marks based on the 1939 story Rudolph the Red - Nosed Reindeer published by the Montgomery Ward Company. Gene Autry's recording hit No. 1 on the U.S. charts the week of Christmas 1949. Title: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (TV special) Passage: Rudolph the Red - Nosed Reindeer is a 1964 Christmas stop - motion animated television special produced by Videocraft International, Ltd. (later known as Rankin / Bass Productions) and currently distributed by Universal Television. It first aired Sunday, December 6, 1964, on the NBC television network in the United States, and was sponsored by General Electric under the umbrella title of The General Electric Fantasy Hour. The special was based on the Johnny Marks song ``Rudolph the Red - Nosed Reindeer ''which was itself based on the poem of the same name written in 1939 by Marks' brother - in - law, Robert L. May. Since 1972, the special has aired on CBS, with the network unveiling a high - definition, digitally remastered version of the program in 2005. As with A Charlie Brown Christmas and How the Grinch Stole Christmas, Rudolph no longer airs just once annually, but several times during the Christmas and holiday season on CBS. Unlike other holiday specials that also air on several cable channels (including Freeform), Rudolph only airs on CBS. It has been telecast every year since 1964, making it the longest continuously running Christmas TV special in history. 2014 marked the 50th anniversary of the television special and a series of postage stamps featuring Rudolph was issued by the United States Postal Service on November 6, 2014. Title: 2013 Six-red World Championship Passage: The 2013 Six-red World Championship (often styled the 2013 SangSom 6-red World Championship for sponsorship and marketing purposes) was a six-red snooker tournament held between 2 and 7 September 2013 at the Montien Riverside Hotel in Bangkok, Thailand. Title: Circadian rhythm Passage: Norwegian researchers at the University of Tromsø have shown that some Arctic animals (ptarmigan, reindeer) show circadian rhythms only in the parts of the year that have daily sunrises and sunsets. In one study of reindeer, animals at 70 degrees North showed circadian rhythms in the autumn, winter and spring, but not in the summer. Reindeer on Svalbard at 78 degrees North showed such rhythms only in autumn and spring. The researchers suspect that other Arctic animals as well may not show circadian rhythms in the constant light of summer and the constant dark of winter.	[ "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer", "North Pole" ]
2hop__95673_62765	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``How Far I'll Go ''appears during the film performed by actress Auli'i Cravalho, and during the end credits performed by Canadian singer - songwriter Alessia Cara. A music video for Cara's version of the song was released on November 3, 2016. It reached number 88 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the week of December 17, 2016. South African singer Lira and Filipino singer Janella Salvador recorded two English - language versions of`` How Far I'll Go'' that will play over the end credits on the South African and Filipino release of the film, while Indonesian singer Maudy Ayunda and Malaysian singer Ayda Jebat recorded their own versions of the song respectively in Indonesian and Malaysian language.", "title": "Moana (soundtrack)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``How Far I'll Go ''appears during the film performed by actress Auliʻi Cravalho, and during the end credits performed by Canadian singer - songwriter Alessia Cara. A music video for Cara's version of the song was released on November 3, 2016. It reached number 88 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the week of December 17, 2016. South African singer Lira and Filipino singer Janella Salvador recorded two English - language versions of`` How Far I'll Go'' that will play over the end credits on the South African and Filipino release of the film, while Indonesian singer Maudy Ayunda and Malaysian singer Ayda Jebat recorded their own versions of the song respectively in Indonesian and Malaysian language.", "title": "Moana (soundtrack)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The title character of \"Beat Girl\" was played by starlet Gillian Hills, who later went on to have numerous small roles in 1960s and 1970s films, such as \"Blowup\" and \"A Clockwork Orange\", and became a successful \"\"ye-ye\"\" singer in France. \"Beat Girl\" marked the first film roles of British pop idol Adam Faith and actor Peter McEnery, although it was not released until after other films featuring Faith (\"Never Let Go\") and McEnery (\"Tunes of Glory\") had already come out. The film also features Christopher Lee and Nigel Green as strip joint operators, and Oliver Reed in a small role as one of the \"beat\" youth.", "title": "Beat Girl" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yukon Manhunt is a 1951 American western film directed by Frank McDonald and starring Kirby Grant, Gail Davis and Margaret Field. The film was part of the series of ten films featuring Kirby Grant as a Canadian Mountie.", "title": "Yukon Manhunt" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Motorpsycho or Motor Psycho is a 1965 film by Russ Meyer. Made just prior to Meyer's better-known \"Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill!\" (1965), the film explores similar themes of sex and violence, but focuses on a male motorcycle gang, unlike the female gang of go-go dancers featured in \"Faster, Pussycat!\". \"Motorpsycho\" is also notable for containing one of the first portrayals of a disturbed Vietnam veteran character in film.", "title": "Motorpsycho (film)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ten Modern Commandments is a 1927 American silent romantic comedy-drama film that starred Esther Ralston and was distributed through Paramount Pictures. It is based on an original screen story and was directed by Dorothy Arzner.", "title": "Ten Modern Commandments" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ten Commandments is a 1923 American silent religious epic film produced and directed by Cecil B. DeMille. Written by Jeanie MacPherson, the film is divided into two parts: a prologue recreating the biblical story of the Exodus and a modern story concerning two brothers and their respective views of the Ten Commandments.", "title": "The Ten Commandments (1923 film)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Midnight FM\" was released October 14, 2010, in South Korea. The international premiere was at the Hawaii International Film Festival ten days later.", "title": "Midnight FM" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Ten Commandments is a 1956 American epic religious drama film produced, directed, and narrated by Cecil B. DeMille, shot in VistaVision (color by Technicolor), and released by Paramount Pictures. The film is based on Prince of Egypt by Dorothy Clarke Wilson, Pillar of Fire by J.H. Ingraham, On Eagle's Wings by A.E. Southon, and the Book of Exodus. The Ten Commandments dramatizes the biblical story of the life of Moses, an adopted Egyptian prince who becomes the deliverer of his real brethren, the enslaved Hebrews, and therefore leads the Exodus to Mount Sinai, where he receives, from God, the Ten Commandments. The film stars Charlton Heston in the lead role, Yul Brynner as Rameses, Anne Baxter as Nefretiri, Edward G. Robinson as Dathan, Yvonne De Carlo as Sephora, Debra Paget as Lilia, and John Derek as Joshua; and features Sir Cedric Hardwicke as Sethi, Nina Foch as Bithiah, Martha Scott as Yoshebel, Judith Anderson as Memnet, and Vincent Price as Baka, among others.", "title": "The Ten Commandments (1956 film)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "My Heart is the eighth studio album released by country music artist Lorrie Morgan. It features two chart singles: \"Here I Go Again\" (#72) and \"Maybe Not Tonight\", a duet with Sammy Kershaw (#17). The latter song was also included on Kershaw's 1999 album \"Maybe Not Tonight\". The track \"The Only Thing That Looks Good on Me Is You\" is a cover of a Bryan Adams song.", "title": "My Heart (Lorrie Morgan album)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Northwest Territory is a 1951 American Northern film directed by Frank McDonald and starring Kirby Grant, Gloria Saunders and Warren Douglas. The film is part of the series of ten films featuring Kirby Grant as a Canadian Mountie.", "title": "Northwest Territory (film)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During BlizzCon 2017, it was announced that StarCraft II would be re-branded as a free - to - play game going forward. This unlocked the Wings of Liberty campaign, multiplayer and other modes of the game for everyone. The change was in line with Blizzard's vision going forward, that is, supporting the game with micro-transactions such as Skins, Co-op Commanders, Voice Packs and War Chests which the sales already proved to be successful.", "title": "StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Needing You... is a 2000 Hong Kong romantic comedy film, produced and directed by Johnnie To and Wai Ka-fai, starring Andy Lau and Sammi Cheng.", "title": "Needing You..." }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sammy Davis Jr. All-Star Spectacular is a 1962 studio album by Sammy Davis Jr. arranged by Morty Stevens. The first half of the album features Davis' impersonations of popular entertainers and celebrities.", "title": "The Sammy Davis Jr. All-Star Spectacular" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Several films have featured their songs performed by other artists. A version of \"Somebody to Love\" by Anne Hathaway was in the 2004 film Ella Enchanted. In 2006, Brittany Murphy also recorded a cover of the same song for the 2006 film Happy Feet. In 2001, a version of \"The Show Must Go On\" was performed by Jim Broadbent and Nicole Kidman in the film musical Moulin Rouge!. The 2001 film A Knight's Tale has a version of \"We Are the Champions\" performed by Robbie Williams and Queen; the film also features \"We Will Rock You\" played by the medieval audience.", "title": "Queen (band)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Les 11 commandements (or The 11 Commandments in English speaking countries) is a French comedy film, made in 2004, featuring Michaël Youn. It is comparable to the American film \"\". It was theatrically released in France in February 2004 and led the French box office in its first week of release.", "title": "Les 11 commandements" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tap is a 1989 dance drama film written and directed by Nick Castle and starring Gregory Hines and Sammy Davis Jr.", "title": "Tap (film)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In March 2010, Alex Pettyfer was in talks to play the title character in the film, Number Four. It was later confirmed that the 21 - year - old British actor would play the lead. Sharlto Copley was going to star as Henri, Number Four's guardian and mentor, but had to drop out due to press obligations with his film The A-Team. Copley was replaced by Timothy Olyphant. Kevin Durand plays the villain of the film, Commander, the Mogadorian who leads the hunt for the Loriens on Earth.", "title": "I Am Number Four (film)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sammy Going South (retitled A Boy Ten Feet Tall for its later US release) is a 1963 British adventure film directed by Alexander Mackendrick, photographed by Erwin Hillier and starring Edward G. Robinson, Fergus McClelland and Constance Cummings.", "title": "Sammy Going South" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anton Greyling (born 12 May 1977 in Pretoria) is a South African professional footballer. He has won ten caps for South Africa at Under-23 level and currently plays for Bidvest Wits.", "title": "Anton Greyling" } ]	who did the leading actor in Sammy Going South play in the ten commandments?	Dathan	[]	Title: Sammy Going South Passage: Sammy Going South (retitled A Boy Ten Feet Tall for its later US release) is a 1963 British adventure film directed by Alexander Mackendrick, photographed by Erwin Hillier and starring Edward G. Robinson, Fergus McClelland and Constance Cummings. Title: Beat Girl Passage: The title character of "Beat Girl" was played by starlet Gillian Hills, who later went on to have numerous small roles in 1960s and 1970s films, such as "Blowup" and "A Clockwork Orange", and became a successful ""ye-ye"" singer in France. "Beat Girl" marked the first film roles of British pop idol Adam Faith and actor Peter McEnery, although it was not released until after other films featuring Faith ("Never Let Go") and McEnery ("Tunes of Glory") had already come out. The film also features Christopher Lee and Nigel Green as strip joint operators, and Oliver Reed in a small role as one of the "beat" youth. Title: Midnight FM Passage: "Midnight FM" was released October 14, 2010, in South Korea. The international premiere was at the Hawaii International Film Festival ten days later. Title: Ten Modern Commandments Passage: Ten Modern Commandments is a 1927 American silent romantic comedy-drama film that starred Esther Ralston and was distributed through Paramount Pictures. It is based on an original screen story and was directed by Dorothy Arzner. Title: The Sammy Davis Jr. All-Star Spectacular Passage: The Sammy Davis Jr. All-Star Spectacular is a 1962 studio album by Sammy Davis Jr. arranged by Morty Stevens. The first half of the album features Davis' impersonations of popular entertainers and celebrities. Title: Motorpsycho (film) Passage: Motorpsycho or Motor Psycho is a 1965 film by Russ Meyer. Made just prior to Meyer's better-known "Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill!" (1965), the film explores similar themes of sex and violence, but focuses on a male motorcycle gang, unlike the female gang of go-go dancers featured in "Faster, Pussycat!". "Motorpsycho" is also notable for containing one of the first portrayals of a disturbed Vietnam veteran character in film. Title: Anton Greyling Passage: Anton Greyling (born 12 May 1977 in Pretoria) is a South African professional footballer. He has won ten caps for South Africa at Under-23 level and currently plays for Bidvest Wits. Title: Moana (soundtrack) Passage: ``How Far I'll Go ''appears during the film performed by actress Auli'i Cravalho, and during the end credits performed by Canadian singer - songwriter Alessia Cara. A music video for Cara's version of the song was released on November 3, 2016. It reached number 88 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the week of December 17, 2016. South African singer Lira and Filipino singer Janella Salvador recorded two English - language versions of`` How Far I'll Go'' that will play over the end credits on the South African and Filipino release of the film, while Indonesian singer Maudy Ayunda and Malaysian singer Ayda Jebat recorded their own versions of the song respectively in Indonesian and Malaysian language. Title: Les 11 commandements Passage: Les 11 commandements (or The 11 Commandments in English speaking countries) is a French comedy film, made in 2004, featuring Michaël Youn. It is comparable to the American film "". It was theatrically released in France in February 2004 and led the French box office in its first week of release. Title: Moana (soundtrack) Passage: ``How Far I'll Go ''appears during the film performed by actress Auliʻi Cravalho, and during the end credits performed by Canadian singer - songwriter Alessia Cara. A music video for Cara's version of the song was released on November 3, 2016. It reached number 88 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the week of December 17, 2016. South African singer Lira and Filipino singer Janella Salvador recorded two English - language versions of`` How Far I'll Go'' that will play over the end credits on the South African and Filipino release of the film, while Indonesian singer Maudy Ayunda and Malaysian singer Ayda Jebat recorded their own versions of the song respectively in Indonesian and Malaysian language. Title: StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty Passage: During BlizzCon 2017, it was announced that StarCraft II would be re-branded as a free - to - play game going forward. This unlocked the Wings of Liberty campaign, multiplayer and other modes of the game for everyone. The change was in line with Blizzard's vision going forward, that is, supporting the game with micro-transactions such as Skins, Co-op Commanders, Voice Packs and War Chests which the sales already proved to be successful. Title: Tap (film) Passage: Tap is a 1989 dance drama film written and directed by Nick Castle and starring Gregory Hines and Sammy Davis Jr. Title: My Heart (Lorrie Morgan album) Passage: My Heart is the eighth studio album released by country music artist Lorrie Morgan. It features two chart singles: "Here I Go Again" (#72) and "Maybe Not Tonight", a duet with Sammy Kershaw (#17). The latter song was also included on Kershaw's 1999 album "Maybe Not Tonight". The track "The Only Thing That Looks Good on Me Is You" is a cover of a Bryan Adams song. Title: The Ten Commandments (1956 film) Passage: The Ten Commandments is a 1956 American epic religious drama film produced, directed, and narrated by Cecil B. DeMille, shot in VistaVision (color by Technicolor), and released by Paramount Pictures. The film is based on Prince of Egypt by Dorothy Clarke Wilson, Pillar of Fire by J.H. Ingraham, On Eagle's Wings by A.E. Southon, and the Book of Exodus. The Ten Commandments dramatizes the biblical story of the life of Moses, an adopted Egyptian prince who becomes the deliverer of his real brethren, the enslaved Hebrews, and therefore leads the Exodus to Mount Sinai, where he receives, from God, the Ten Commandments. The film stars Charlton Heston in the lead role, Yul Brynner as Rameses, Anne Baxter as Nefretiri, Edward G. Robinson as Dathan, Yvonne De Carlo as Sephora, Debra Paget as Lilia, and John Derek as Joshua; and features Sir Cedric Hardwicke as Sethi, Nina Foch as Bithiah, Martha Scott as Yoshebel, Judith Anderson as Memnet, and Vincent Price as Baka, among others. Title: Northwest Territory (film) Passage: Northwest Territory is a 1951 American Northern film directed by Frank McDonald and starring Kirby Grant, Gloria Saunders and Warren Douglas. The film is part of the series of ten films featuring Kirby Grant as a Canadian Mountie. Title: Queen (band) Passage: Several films have featured their songs performed by other artists. A version of "Somebody to Love" by Anne Hathaway was in the 2004 film Ella Enchanted. In 2006, Brittany Murphy also recorded a cover of the same song for the 2006 film Happy Feet. In 2001, a version of "The Show Must Go On" was performed by Jim Broadbent and Nicole Kidman in the film musical Moulin Rouge!. The 2001 film A Knight's Tale has a version of "We Are the Champions" performed by Robbie Williams and Queen; the film also features "We Will Rock You" played by the medieval audience. Title: I Am Number Four (film) Passage: In March 2010, Alex Pettyfer was in talks to play the title character in the film, Number Four. It was later confirmed that the 21 - year - old British actor would play the lead. Sharlto Copley was going to star as Henri, Number Four's guardian and mentor, but had to drop out due to press obligations with his film The A-Team. Copley was replaced by Timothy Olyphant. Kevin Durand plays the villain of the film, Commander, the Mogadorian who leads the hunt for the Loriens on Earth. Title: Yukon Manhunt Passage: Yukon Manhunt is a 1951 American western film directed by Frank McDonald and starring Kirby Grant, Gail Davis and Margaret Field. The film was part of the series of ten films featuring Kirby Grant as a Canadian Mountie. Title: Needing You... Passage: Needing You... is a 2000 Hong Kong romantic comedy film, produced and directed by Johnnie To and Wai Ka-fai, starring Andy Lau and Sammi Cheng. Title: The Ten Commandments (1923 film) Passage: The Ten Commandments is a 1923 American silent religious epic film produced and directed by Cecil B. DeMille. Written by Jeanie MacPherson, the film is divided into two parts: a prologue recreating the biblical story of the Exodus and a modern story concerning two brothers and their respective views of the Ten Commandments.	[ "The Ten Commandments (1956 film)", "Sammy Going South" ]
2hop__763840_144857	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert O'Connor (born 1959) is an American novelist, hailed as one of the most promising young American novelists and the author of a novel, \"Buffalo Soldiers\", the basis for the 2001 movie of the same name.", "title": "Robert O'Connor (author)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Junction City is a city in Union County, Arkansas, United States, and is the twin city of neighboring Junction City, Louisiana. The population was 721 at the 2000 census.", "title": "Junction City, Arkansas" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kuroi Senji (黒井千次) is a pen name of Osabe Shunjirō (長部瞬二郎, born May 28, 1932), Japanese author of fiction and essays.", "title": "Kuroi Senji" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In November 1973, the city elected Coleman Young as its first black mayor. After taking office, Young emphasized increasing racial diversity in the police department. Young also worked to improve Detroit's transportation system, but tension between Young and his suburban counterparts over regional matters was problematic throughout his mayoral term. In 1976, the federal government offered $600 million for building a regional rapid transit system, under a single regional authority. But the inability of Detroit and its suburban neighbors to solve conflicts over transit planning resulted in the region losing the majority of funding for rapid transit. Following the failure to reach an agreement over the larger system, the City moved forward with construction of the elevated downtown circulator portion of the system, which became known as the Detroit People Mover.", "title": "Detroit" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hendrix is a town in Bryan County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 79 at both the 2010 and the 2000 censuses. According to the Bryan County Genealogy Society, Hendrix was originally known as Kemp City. This led to it often being confused with the neighboring town that is simply named Kemp. Hendrix was largely destroyed by a 1916 tornado.", "title": "Hendrix, Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Song dynasty reëstablished unity around 960. Under the Song, the prosperity of South China began to overtake that of North China. After the north was lost to the Jurchen Jin dynasty in 1127 following the Jingkang Incident, Hangzhou became the capital of the Southern Song under the name Lin'an. Renowned for its prosperity and beauty, it may have been the largest city in the world at the time. From then on, north Zhejiang and neighboring south Jiangsu have been synonymous with luxury and opulence in Chinese culture. The Mongol conquest and the establishment of the Yuan dynasty in 1279 ended Hangzhou's political clout, but its economy continued to prosper. Marco Polo visited the city, which he called \"Kinsay\" (after the Chinese Jingshi, meaning \"Capital City\") claiming it was \"the finest and noblest city in the world\".", "title": "Zhejiang" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rødtvet is a residential area in the district of Grorud in Oslo, located just southwest of Grorud proper. The area was urbanized from the mid 1960s, and connected to the city centre with metro line 5 from 1966. Rødtvet has the forest Lillomarka as a neighbor to the north, and the residential areas Bredtvet, Kalbakken, Flaen and Nordtvet as its closest neighbors to the south.", "title": "Rødtvet" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Between 1999 and 2006, Bicycling magazine named Boston three times as one of the worst cities in the US for cycling; regardless, it has one of the highest rates of bicycle commuting. In 2008, as a consequence of improvements made to bicycling conditions within the city, the same magazine put Boston on its \"Five for the Future\" list as a \"Future Best City\" for biking, and Boston's bicycle commuting percentage increased from 1% in 2000 to 2.1% in 2009. The bikeshare program called Hubway launched in late July 2011, logging more than 140,000 rides before the close of its first season. The neighboring municipalities of Cambridge, Somerville, and Brookline joined the Hubway program in summer 2012.", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miami is also considered a \"hot spot\" for dance music, Freestyle, a style of dance music popular in the 80's and 90's heavily influenced by Electro, hip-hop, and disco. Many popular Freestyle acts such as Pretty Tony, Debbie Deb, Stevie B, and Exposé, originated in Miami. Indie/folk acts Cat Power and Iron & Wine are based in the city, while alternative hip hop artist Sage Francis, electro artist Uffie, and the electroclash duo Avenue D were born in Miami, but musically based elsewhere. Also, ska punk band Against All Authority is from Miami, and rock/metal bands Nonpoint and Marilyn Manson each formed in neighboring Fort Lauderdale. Cuban American female recording artist, Ana Cristina, was born in Miami in 1985.", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Simi Linton is an American author, consultant, and public speaker whose work focuses on disability studies. Linton was born in New York City to Edward Chaiken and Augusta Longwill Chaiken, and raised in New York City, New York.", "title": "Simi Linton" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Habarshiro () is one of the largest towns in the northern Sanaag region of Somalia. It is a relatively new settlement in comparison to other cities in the province. Its nearest neighbor is the city of El Buh, around 50 kilometers away.", "title": "Habarshiro" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wesel () is a \"Kreis\" (district) in the northwestern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Borken, Recklinghausen, district-free cities Bottrop, Oberhausen, Duisburg and Krefeld, districts Viersen, Cleves.", "title": "Wesel (district)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Neighbors\" is a short story written by Raymond Carver in 1971. It first appeared in \"Esquire magazine\" in 1971. It was published in the collection \"Will You Please Be Quiet, Please?\" in 1976, in the compilation \"Where I'm Calling From\" in 1989, and again in \"Short Cuts\" in 1993.", "title": "Neighbors (short story)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rhein-Lahn-Kreis is a district (\"Kreis\") in the east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Westerwaldkreis, Limburg-Weilburg, Rheingau-Taunus, Mainz-Bingen, Rhein-Hunsrück, Mayen-Koblenz, and the district-free city Koblenz.", "title": "Rhein-Lahn-Kreis" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The CenturyLink Building in Minneapolis, Minnesota was completed in 1932 and became the tallest building to be built in the city during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. Named for its current owner, it was previously known as the Qwest Building and the Northwestern Bell Telephone Building. Originally standing 346 feet (105 m) tall, the structure grew to 416 feet (127 m) with the addition of a microwave antenna \"crown\" in 1958, followed by the addition of a second tier of microwave antennas in 1972. It was the second-tallest building in the city after the slightly older Foshay Tower for many years, and stands slightly taller than the tower of its neighbor, Minneapolis City Hall.", "title": "CenturyLink Building" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ostvorpommern was a \"Kreis\" (district) in the eastern part of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Neighboring districts were (from east clockwise) Uecker-Randow, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Demmin and Nordvorpommern. The Hanseatic city of Greifswald was enclosed by the district, but did not belong to it.", "title": "Ostvorpommern" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Carver was born in Clatskanie, Oregon, a mill town on the Columbia River, and grew up in Yakima, Washington, the son of Ella Beatrice (née Casey) and Clevie Raymond Carver. His father, a sawmill worker from Arkansas, was a fisherman and heavy drinker. Carver's mother worked on and off as a waitress and a retail clerk. His brother, James Franklin Carver, was born in 1943.", "title": "Raymond Carver" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Connie Clausen (born Constance Clausen on June 11, 1923, in Menasha, Wisconsin, and died September 7, 1997, in New York City) was an actress, author, and literary agent.", "title": "Connie Clausen" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old.", "title": "To Kill a Mockingbird" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Uitkerke is in West Flanders and is part of the coastal city of Blankenberge, Belgium. The two neighboring communities were officially united in the early 1970s.", "title": "Uitkerke" } ]	What city was the author of Neighbors born in?	Clatskanie	[ "Clatskanie, Oregon" ]	Title: Miami Passage: Miami is also considered a "hot spot" for dance music, Freestyle, a style of dance music popular in the 80's and 90's heavily influenced by Electro, hip-hop, and disco. Many popular Freestyle acts such as Pretty Tony, Debbie Deb, Stevie B, and Exposé, originated in Miami. Indie/folk acts Cat Power and Iron & Wine are based in the city, while alternative hip hop artist Sage Francis, electro artist Uffie, and the electroclash duo Avenue D were born in Miami, but musically based elsewhere. Also, ska punk band Against All Authority is from Miami, and rock/metal bands Nonpoint and Marilyn Manson each formed in neighboring Fort Lauderdale. Cuban American female recording artist, Ana Cristina, was born in Miami in 1985. Title: Uitkerke Passage: Uitkerke is in West Flanders and is part of the coastal city of Blankenberge, Belgium. The two neighboring communities were officially united in the early 1970s. Title: Junction City, Arkansas Passage: Junction City is a city in Union County, Arkansas, United States, and is the twin city of neighboring Junction City, Louisiana. The population was 721 at the 2000 census. Title: Rødtvet Passage: Rødtvet is a residential area in the district of Grorud in Oslo, located just southwest of Grorud proper. The area was urbanized from the mid 1960s, and connected to the city centre with metro line 5 from 1966. Rødtvet has the forest Lillomarka as a neighbor to the north, and the residential areas Bredtvet, Kalbakken, Flaen and Nordtvet as its closest neighbors to the south. Title: Raymond Carver Passage: Carver was born in Clatskanie, Oregon, a mill town on the Columbia River, and grew up in Yakima, Washington, the son of Ella Beatrice (née Casey) and Clevie Raymond Carver. His father, a sawmill worker from Arkansas, was a fisherman and heavy drinker. Carver's mother worked on and off as a waitress and a retail clerk. His brother, James Franklin Carver, was born in 1943. Title: Simi Linton Passage: Simi Linton is an American author, consultant, and public speaker whose work focuses on disability studies. Linton was born in New York City to Edward Chaiken and Augusta Longwill Chaiken, and raised in New York City, New York. Title: Robert O'Connor (author) Passage: Robert O'Connor (born 1959) is an American novelist, hailed as one of the most promising young American novelists and the author of a novel, "Buffalo Soldiers", the basis for the 2001 movie of the same name. Title: Hendrix, Oklahoma Passage: Hendrix is a town in Bryan County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 79 at both the 2010 and the 2000 censuses. According to the Bryan County Genealogy Society, Hendrix was originally known as Kemp City. This led to it often being confused with the neighboring town that is simply named Kemp. Hendrix was largely destroyed by a 1916 tornado. Title: Habarshiro Passage: Habarshiro () is one of the largest towns in the northern Sanaag region of Somalia. It is a relatively new settlement in comparison to other cities in the province. Its nearest neighbor is the city of El Buh, around 50 kilometers away. Title: CenturyLink Building Passage: The CenturyLink Building in Minneapolis, Minnesota was completed in 1932 and became the tallest building to be built in the city during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. Named for its current owner, it was previously known as the Qwest Building and the Northwestern Bell Telephone Building. Originally standing 346 feet (105 m) tall, the structure grew to 416 feet (127 m) with the addition of a microwave antenna "crown" in 1958, followed by the addition of a second tier of microwave antennas in 1972. It was the second-tallest building in the city after the slightly older Foshay Tower for many years, and stands slightly taller than the tower of its neighbor, Minneapolis City Hall. Title: Ostvorpommern Passage: Ostvorpommern was a "Kreis" (district) in the eastern part of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Neighboring districts were (from east clockwise) Uecker-Randow, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Demmin and Nordvorpommern. The Hanseatic city of Greifswald was enclosed by the district, but did not belong to it. Title: Zhejiang Passage: The Song dynasty reëstablished unity around 960. Under the Song, the prosperity of South China began to overtake that of North China. After the north was lost to the Jurchen Jin dynasty in 1127 following the Jingkang Incident, Hangzhou became the capital of the Southern Song under the name Lin'an. Renowned for its prosperity and beauty, it may have been the largest city in the world at the time. From then on, north Zhejiang and neighboring south Jiangsu have been synonymous with luxury and opulence in Chinese culture. The Mongol conquest and the establishment of the Yuan dynasty in 1279 ended Hangzhou's political clout, but its economy continued to prosper. Marco Polo visited the city, which he called "Kinsay" (after the Chinese Jingshi, meaning "Capital City") claiming it was "the finest and noblest city in the world". Title: Kuroi Senji Passage: Kuroi Senji (黒井千次) is a pen name of Osabe Shunjirō (長部瞬二郎, born May 28, 1932), Japanese author of fiction and essays. Title: Wesel (district) Passage: Wesel () is a "Kreis" (district) in the northwestern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Borken, Recklinghausen, district-free cities Bottrop, Oberhausen, Duisburg and Krefeld, districts Viersen, Cleves. Title: Rhein-Lahn-Kreis Passage: Rhein-Lahn-Kreis is a district ("Kreis") in the east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Westerwaldkreis, Limburg-Weilburg, Rheingau-Taunus, Mainz-Bingen, Rhein-Hunsrück, Mayen-Koblenz, and the district-free city Koblenz. Title: Connie Clausen Passage: Connie Clausen (born Constance Clausen on June 11, 1923, in Menasha, Wisconsin, and died September 7, 1997, in New York City) was an actress, author, and literary agent. Title: Neighbors (short story) Passage: "Neighbors" is a short story written by Raymond Carver in 1971. It first appeared in "Esquire magazine" in 1971. It was published in the collection "Will You Please Be Quiet, Please?" in 1976, in the compilation "Where I'm Calling From" in 1989, and again in "Short Cuts" in 1993. Title: To Kill a Mockingbird Passage: To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. Title: Detroit Passage: In November 1973, the city elected Coleman Young as its first black mayor. After taking office, Young emphasized increasing racial diversity in the police department. Young also worked to improve Detroit's transportation system, but tension between Young and his suburban counterparts over regional matters was problematic throughout his mayoral term. In 1976, the federal government offered $600 million for building a regional rapid transit system, under a single regional authority. But the inability of Detroit and its suburban neighbors to solve conflicts over transit planning resulted in the region losing the majority of funding for rapid transit. Following the failure to reach an agreement over the larger system, the City moved forward with construction of the elevated downtown circulator portion of the system, which became known as the Detroit People Mover. Title: Boston Passage: Between 1999 and 2006, Bicycling magazine named Boston three times as one of the worst cities in the US for cycling; regardless, it has one of the highest rates of bicycle commuting. In 2008, as a consequence of improvements made to bicycling conditions within the city, the same magazine put Boston on its "Five for the Future" list as a "Future Best City" for biking, and Boston's bicycle commuting percentage increased from 1% in 2000 to 2.1% in 2009. The bikeshare program called Hubway launched in late July 2011, logging more than 140,000 rides before the close of its first season. The neighboring municipalities of Cambridge, Somerville, and Brookline joined the Hubway program in summer 2012.	[ "Neighbors (short story)", "Raymond Carver" ]
2hop__825727_584042	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Montreal Impact () is a Canadian professional soccer team based in Montreal, Quebec. The Impact competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer (MLS). The team began play in 2012 as an expansion team of the league, being the league's third Canadian club, and replaced the North American Soccer League team of the same name.", "title": "Montreal Impact" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Canadian Football League (CFL; French: Ligue canadienne de football, LCF) is a professional sports league in Canada. The CFL is the highest level of competition in Canadian football. Its nine teams, which are located in nine separate cities, are divided into two divisions: the East Division, with four teams, and the West Division with five teams.", "title": "Canadian Football League" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sport Voetbal Centro Social Deportivo Barber is a Curaçao football team located in WestPunt municipality Barber, and playing in the Curaçao League First Division.", "title": "Centro Social Deportivo Barber" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rugby League Tri-Nations (known as the Gillette Tri-Nations for sponsorship reasons) was a rugby league tournament involving the top three teams in the sport: Australia, Great Britain and New Zealand and is the predecessor of today's Rugby League Four Nations.", "title": "Rugby League Tri-Nations" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer. The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues. Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882. The city has played host to over forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues, both current and historic. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area. Madison Square Garden, its predecessor, as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field, are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world, the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dundas Shamrocks Junior Rugby League Football Club was formed in the mid-1960s as an attachment to St Patrick's Marist College Dundas' sports auxiliary for weekend rugby league within the Balmain Junior Rugby League competition. In the mid-1990s the school sports auxiliary ceased to exist and the club was rechristened the Dundas Shamrocks. The club has been a member of the Balmain Junior Rugby League since its inception in the 1960s and provides teams for age groups from under 6's to A-Grade.", "title": "Dundas Shamrocks Junior Rugby League Football Club" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Premier League Founded 20 February 1992; 26 years ago (1992 - 02 - 20) Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Manchester City (3rd title) (2017 -- 18) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) Most appearances Gareth Barry (653) Top goalscorer Alan Shearer (260 goals) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2018 -- 19 Premier League", "title": "Premier League" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Green Bay Packers is a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) North division. It is the third - oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community - owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957.", "title": "Green Bay Packers" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center.", "title": "Sacramento Kings" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which has long been one of the major clubs fighting for the title in China top level league, CBA. Jiangsu Volleyball men and women teams are also traditionally considered as at top level in China volleyball league.", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Hockey League (NHL; French: Ligue nationale de hockey -- LNH) is a professional ice hockey league in North America, currently comprising 31 teams: 24 in the United States and 7 in Canada. The NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America, is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season.", "title": "National Hockey League" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sports in the United States are an important part of American culture. Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL). The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined. Major League Soccer (MLS) is sometimes included in a ``top five ''of leagues of the country. All four enjoy wide - ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although American football does not have a substantial following in other nations. Three of those leagues have teams that represent Canadian cities, and all four are the most financially lucrative sports leagues of their sport. American football is the most popular sport in the United States followed by basketball, baseball, and soccer. Tennis, golf, wrestling, auto racing, arena football, field lacrosse, box lacrosse and volleyball are also popular sports in the country.", "title": "Sports in the United States" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team based in Chicago, Illinois. The Cubs compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. The team plays its home games at Wrigley Field, located on the city's North Side. The Cubs are one of two major league teams in Chicago; the other, the Chicago White Sox, is a member of the American League (AL) Central division. The Cubs, first known as the White Stockings, was a founding member of the NL in 1876, becoming the Chicago Cubs in 1903.", "title": "Chicago Cubs" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He began his club career in South Korea with K-League side FC Seoul. He made his debut in the Hauzen Cup, a league cup competition operated by the K-League, in May 2008 however he moved on loan to Czech Republic side FK Viktoria Žižkov later that year. Bae made his regular league debut for FC Seoul in May 2011 in a home game against Gyeongnam FC when he came on as a substitute. He would go on to make two further substitute appearances in the league as well as a start in the league cup competition that season before he left the club.", "title": "Bae Hae-min" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edward Wesley Schulmerich (August 21, 1901 – June 26, 1985) was an American Major League Baseball player from the state of Oregon. A native of the state, he played baseball and football at what is now Oregon State University where he participated in three sports. On the football team, he played three positions and earned the nickname of Ironhorse and all-conference honors. In baseball, he was a right-handed outfielder and after leaving school started his professional career in the minor leagues. Schulmerich then became the first player from the school to make it to the Major Leagues, playing for three teams in the early 1930s. He is a member of the Oregon State University Sports Hall of Fame and the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame.", "title": "Wes Schulmerich" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Maycon Calvalho Inez (born 21 July 1986) is a Brazilian football player who currently plays for Goyang Hi FC. He is known for his pace and ability to position himself inside the 18-yard box.", "title": "Maycon Carvalho Inez" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The team played its first games in 1876 as a founding member of the National League (NL), eventually becoming known officially as the Chicago Cubs for the 1903 season. Officially, the Cubs are tied for the distinction of being the oldest currently active U.S. professional sports club, along with the Atlanta Braves, which also began play in the NL in 1876 as the Boston Red Stockings (Major League Baseball does not officially recognize the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players as a major league.)", "title": "Chicago Cubs" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Premier League Founded 20 February 1992 Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Chelsea (5th title) (2016 -- 17) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2017 -- 18 Premier League", "title": "Premier League" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Carolina is home to three major league sports franchises: the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League and the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association are based in Charlotte, while the Raleigh-based Carolina Hurricanes play in the National Hockey League. The Panthers and Hurricanes are the only two major professional sports teams that have the same geographical designation while playing in different metropolitan areas. The Hurricanes are the only major professional team from North Carolina to have won a league championship, having captured the Stanley Cup in 2006. North Carolina is also home to Charlotte Hounds of the Major League Lacrosse.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vermont Lady Voltage was a professional American women’s soccer team, founded in 2005, which is a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League. Voltage played in the Northern Division of the Central Conference. They play their home games at the Collins-Perley Sports Complex in the city of St. Albans, Vermont, 27 miles north of the state's largest city, Burlington. The team's colors are black and white, and gold and blue. The team was a sister organization of the men's Vermont Voltage team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League.", "title": "Vermont Lady Voltage" } ]	What league includes the sports team that has Maycon Carvalho Inez?	K-League	[]	Title: National Hockey League Passage: The National Hockey League (NHL; French: Ligue nationale de hockey -- LNH) is a professional ice hockey league in North America, currently comprising 31 teams: 24 in the United States and 7 in Canada. The NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America, is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. Title: Premier League Passage: Premier League Founded 20 February 1992 Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Chelsea (5th title) (2016 -- 17) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2017 -- 18 Premier League Title: Bae Hae-min Passage: He began his club career in South Korea with K-League side FC Seoul. He made his debut in the Hauzen Cup, a league cup competition operated by the K-League, in May 2008 however he moved on loan to Czech Republic side FK Viktoria Žižkov later that year. Bae made his regular league debut for FC Seoul in May 2011 in a home game against Gyeongnam FC when he came on as a substitute. He would go on to make two further substitute appearances in the league as well as a start in the league cup competition that season before he left the club. Title: Chicago Cubs Passage: The team played its first games in 1876 as a founding member of the National League (NL), eventually becoming known officially as the Chicago Cubs for the 1903 season. Officially, the Cubs are tied for the distinction of being the oldest currently active U.S. professional sports club, along with the Atlanta Braves, which also began play in the NL in 1876 as the Boston Red Stockings (Major League Baseball does not officially recognize the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players as a major league.) Title: Centro Social Deportivo Barber Passage: Sport Voetbal Centro Social Deportivo Barber is a Curaçao football team located in WestPunt municipality Barber, and playing in the Curaçao League First Division. Title: Premier League Passage: Premier League Founded 20 February 1992; 26 years ago (1992 - 02 - 20) Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Manchester City (3rd title) (2017 -- 18) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) Most appearances Gareth Barry (653) Top goalscorer Alan Shearer (260 goals) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2018 -- 19 Premier League Title: Nanjing Passage: As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which has long been one of the major clubs fighting for the title in China top level league, CBA. Jiangsu Volleyball men and women teams are also traditionally considered as at top level in China volleyball league. Title: Montreal Impact Passage: The Montreal Impact () is a Canadian professional soccer team based in Montreal, Quebec. The Impact competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer (MLS). The team began play in 2012 as an expansion team of the league, being the league's third Canadian club, and replaced the North American Soccer League team of the same name. Title: Canadian Football League Passage: The Canadian Football League (CFL; French: Ligue canadienne de football, LCF) is a professional sports league in Canada. The CFL is the highest level of competition in Canadian football. Its nine teams, which are located in nine separate cities, are divided into two divisions: the East Division, with four teams, and the West Division with five teams. Title: Dundas Shamrocks Junior Rugby League Football Club Passage: The Dundas Shamrocks Junior Rugby League Football Club was formed in the mid-1960s as an attachment to St Patrick's Marist College Dundas' sports auxiliary for weekend rugby league within the Balmain Junior Rugby League competition. In the mid-1990s the school sports auxiliary ceased to exist and the club was rechristened the Dundas Shamrocks. The club has been a member of the Balmain Junior Rugby League since its inception in the 1960s and provides teams for age groups from under 6's to A-Grade. Title: Green Bay Packers Passage: The Green Bay Packers is a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) North division. It is the third - oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community - owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957. Title: Sacramento Kings Passage: The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center. Title: Vermont Lady Voltage Passage: Vermont Lady Voltage was a professional American women’s soccer team, founded in 2005, which is a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League. Voltage played in the Northern Division of the Central Conference. They play their home games at the Collins-Perley Sports Complex in the city of St. Albans, Vermont, 27 miles north of the state's largest city, Burlington. The team's colors are black and white, and gold and blue. The team was a sister organization of the men's Vermont Voltage team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League. Title: Chicago Cubs Passage: The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team based in Chicago, Illinois. The Cubs compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. The team plays its home games at Wrigley Field, located on the city's North Side. The Cubs are one of two major league teams in Chicago; the other, the Chicago White Sox, is a member of the American League (AL) Central division. The Cubs, first known as the White Stockings, was a founding member of the NL in 1876, becoming the Chicago Cubs in 1903. Title: Wes Schulmerich Passage: Edward Wesley Schulmerich (August 21, 1901 – June 26, 1985) was an American Major League Baseball player from the state of Oregon. A native of the state, he played baseball and football at what is now Oregon State University where he participated in three sports. On the football team, he played three positions and earned the nickname of Ironhorse and all-conference honors. In baseball, he was a right-handed outfielder and after leaving school started his professional career in the minor leagues. Schulmerich then became the first player from the school to make it to the Major Leagues, playing for three teams in the early 1930s. He is a member of the Oregon State University Sports Hall of Fame and the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame. Title: North Carolina Passage: North Carolina is home to three major league sports franchises: the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League and the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association are based in Charlotte, while the Raleigh-based Carolina Hurricanes play in the National Hockey League. The Panthers and Hurricanes are the only two major professional sports teams that have the same geographical designation while playing in different metropolitan areas. The Hurricanes are the only major professional team from North Carolina to have won a league championship, having captured the Stanley Cup in 2006. North Carolina is also home to Charlotte Hounds of the Major League Lacrosse. Title: New York City Passage: New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer. The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues. Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882. The city has played host to over forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues, both current and historic. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area. Madison Square Garden, its predecessor, as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field, are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world, the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps. Title: Sports in the United States Passage: Sports in the United States are an important part of American culture. Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL). The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined. Major League Soccer (MLS) is sometimes included in a ``top five ''of leagues of the country. All four enjoy wide - ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although American football does not have a substantial following in other nations. Three of those leagues have teams that represent Canadian cities, and all four are the most financially lucrative sports leagues of their sport. American football is the most popular sport in the United States followed by basketball, baseball, and soccer. Tennis, golf, wrestling, auto racing, arena football, field lacrosse, box lacrosse and volleyball are also popular sports in the country. Title: Maycon Carvalho Inez Passage: Maycon Calvalho Inez (born 21 July 1986) is a Brazilian football player who currently plays for Goyang Hi FC. He is known for his pace and ability to position himself inside the 18-yard box. Title: Rugby League Tri-Nations Passage: The Rugby League Tri-Nations (known as the Gillette Tri-Nations for sponsorship reasons) was a rugby league tournament involving the top three teams in the sport: Australia, Great Britain and New Zealand and is the predecessor of today's Rugby League Four Nations.	[ "Bae Hae-min", "Maycon Carvalho Inez" ]
2hop__574496_123283	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born Pierre Louis Delâge to a family of modest means in Cognac in the Charente \"département\" of France, as an infant he lost the sight in one eye. At the age of sixteen, he went to study at a trade school Arts et Métiers ParisTech in the city of Angers, graduating with an engineering degree in 1893. Delage then fulfilled his military obligation and was stationed in Algeria. Discharged in 1895, he found work with a railway company in the south of France but in 1900 moved to Paris. There, he was employed in the engineering and design department of a motor vehicle manufacturing concern until 1903 when he received an offer to join the fledgling Renault automobile company.", "title": "Louis Delâge" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "California Newsreel, founded in 1968, is an American non-profit, social justice film distribution and production company based in San Francisco, California. Their educational media resources include both documentary and feature films, with a focus on the advancement of racial justice and diversity, and the study of African American life and history, as well as African culture and politics. In 2006, Newsreel launched a new thematic focus for their work: Globalization, with an emphasis on the global economy and the international division of labor. Several of California Newsreel's films have been broadcast on PBS.", "title": "California Newsreel" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born Arutjun Wartanian in Nakhichevan in of the Russian Empire, he was of Armenian heritage. He graduated from high school in 1898 in Tbilisi, Georgia, and then briefly studied medicine in Kharkov (now in Ukraine). Around the turn of the century he briefly lived in Japan before relocating to St. Petersburg. During the Revolution of 1905 he moved to Saxony in Germany and studied at the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology. He also worked in Chile and Bolivia before returning to Germany and working as a mining engineer then moving into acting and performing on the stage and screen (since 1916).", "title": "Aruth Wartan" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Founded in 1992 as Changsha Hi-tech Development Area Zoomlion Construction Mechanical Industry Company, one of its first products were concrete pumps. The company grew out of a subsidiary founded in 1956 in Beijing, as part of the first Ministry of Machinery Industry, Ministry of Construction, Central Enterprise Work Committee.", "title": "Zoomlion" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The company was originally founded as the Congressional Youth Leadership Council (CYLC) in 1985 by Barbara Harris and Richard Rossi. Prior to founding CYLC, Harris worked as both a classroom teacher and as a school administrator, and Rossi worked as a congressional staffer. The two met when Harris arranged a trip for her students to attend the second Presidential Inauguration of Ronald Reagan. The stated purpose of the company was to \"create unique experiences that create a lifetime advantage to high-achievers.\" , neither Harris nor Rossi were affiliated with the company.", "title": "Envision EMI" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cvetko was born in Vučja Vas near Ljutomer in northeastern Slovenia in 1920. He studied music at the Ljubljana Academy of Music and graduated in 1948. He also completed graduate studies in Prague and Paris. He worked at Triglav Film, the Slovene National Theatre Opera and Ballet Company, and the Slovenian Philharmonic Orchestra. He died in Ljubljana in 1999.", "title": "Ciril Cvetko" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nick Naylor is a handsome, smooth-talking tobacco spokesman who attempts to influence the act of people in daily life and the vice-president of a tobacco lobby called the \"Academy of Tobacco Studies\", which has been researching that whether smoking tobacco cause lung diseases or not. They claim that their research—funded primarily by tobacco companies—has found no definitive evidence for it. Nick's job is mainly defending Big Tobacco on television programs by presenting this research to the public. Naylor and his friends, firearm lobbyist Bobby Jay Bliss and alcohol lobbyist Polly Bailey, meet every week and jokingly call themselves the \"Merchants of Death\" or \"The MOD Squad\".", "title": "Thank You for Smoking" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gene \"Sxip\" Shirey (pronounced \"skip\") is an American electric-acoustic composer, performer, and story-teller. Currently based in New York City, he is known for working with found objects, traditional instruments, and computer and rare modified instruments. Shirey has released three solo albums, including \"Sonic New York\" in 2010. Shirey is a member of The Daredevil Opera Company and is a founding member of the band Luminescent Orchestrii, as well as the band Gentlemen & Assassins. He is the host and producer of \"Sxip's Hour of Charm\", a variety show of cabaret acts.", "title": "Sxip Shirey" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Colonel Harland David Sanders (September 9, 1890 -- December 16, 1980) was an American businessman, best known for founding fast food chicken restaurant chain Kentucky Fried Chicken (now known as KFC) and later acting as the company's brand ambassador and symbol. His name and image are still symbols of the company. The title 'colonel' was honorary -- a Kentucky colonel -- not the military rank.", "title": "Colonel Sanders" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Beethoven House (German: Beethoven-Haus) in Bonn, Germany, is a memorial site, museum and cultural institution serving various purposes. Founded in 1889 by the Beethoven-Haus association, it studies the life and work of composer Ludwig van Beethoven.", "title": "Beethoven House" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ensign Manufacturing Company, founded as Ensign Car Works in 1872, was a railroad car manufacturing company based in Huntington, West Virginia. In the 1880s and 1890s Ensign's production of wood freight cars made the company one of the three largest sawmill operators in Cabell County. In 1899, Ensign and twelve other companies were merged to form American Car and Foundry Company.", "title": "Ensign Manufacturing Company" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carmelo Gómez Celada (born 2 January 1962 in Sahagún, León) is a Spanish actor. He was born and worked in the village of Sahagún until he moved for his acting studies to Salamanca. He is the recipient of two Goya Awards, for best supporting actor in El método and best leading actor in Días contados.", "title": "Carmelo Gómez" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Houseman was born on September 22, 1902, in Bucharest, Romania, the son of May (née Davies) and Georges Haussmann, who ran a grain business. His mother was British, from a Christian family of Welsh and Irish descent. His father was an Alsatian-born Jew. He was educated in England at Clifton College, became a British subject, and worked in the grain trade in London before emigrating to the United States in 1925, where he took the stage name of John Houseman. He became a United States citizen in 1943.", "title": "John Houseman" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Founded in 1938, in Hofstade near Aalst, Belgium, Jan De Nul started as a construction company specialised in civil works and maritime construction. It was only in 1951 that the company entered into the dredging business.", "title": "Jan De Nul" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When the studio was still reluctant to change Monroe's contract, she founded a film production company in late 1954; she named it Marilyn Monroe Productions (MMP). She dedicated 1955 to building her company and began studying method acting at the Actors Studio. In late 1955, Fox awarded her a new contract, which gave her more control and a larger salary. Her subsequent roles included a critically acclaimed performance in Bus Stop (1956) and the first independent production of MMP, The Prince and the Showgirl (1957). Monroe won a Golden Globe for Best Actress for her work in Some Like It Hot (1959), a critical and commercial success. Her last completed film was the drama The Misfits (1961).", "title": "Marilyn Monroe" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Religion is a peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of Religious Studies. It was founded in 1971, with close ties to the Religious Studies program at the University of Lancaster. That program was founded and chaired by Ninian Smart, and he served as the Chairman of the first editorial board. Four companies have published the journal over the years: Oriel Press (1971–72), Routledge & Kegan Paul (1973–80), Academic Press (1981–2000), Elsevier (2001–2010), and currently Routledge.", "title": "Religion (journal)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born Virginia McSweeney in Chicago, Illinois, she got her acting start in Milwaukee with a stock company. She also did some film work with Essanay Studios in her hometown of Chicago, starting in 1916.", "title": "Virginia Valli" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From 1999 to 2004, Kenji Fujimori studied agronomics at Kansas State University, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree. Since 2008, he has been the general manager of a Lima private security and surveillance company. In March 2009, he founded his own enterprise, offering \"independent services\". Moreover, he holds executive positions in three other companies.", "title": "Kenji Fujimori" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Four Star Television, also called Four Star International, was an American television production company. The company was founded in 1952 as Four Star Productions, by prominent Hollywood actors Dick Powell, David Niven, Charles Boyer, and Joel McCrea, after they were inspired by Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz founded Desilu Productions a year earlier. McCrea left Four Star soon after its founding to continue acting in film, television and radio, before being replaced with Ida Lupino as the fourth star, even though Lupino did not own any stock in the company.", "title": "Four Star Television" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lansbury is the recipient of the John Houseman Award, presented to him by The Acting Company to honor his commitment to the development of classical actors and a national audience for the theater.", "title": "Edgar Lansbury (producer)" } ]	Where did the founder of the Acting Company study?	Clifton College	[]	Title: Ciril Cvetko Passage: Cvetko was born in Vučja Vas near Ljutomer in northeastern Slovenia in 1920. He studied music at the Ljubljana Academy of Music and graduated in 1948. He also completed graduate studies in Prague and Paris. He worked at Triglav Film, the Slovene National Theatre Opera and Ballet Company, and the Slovenian Philharmonic Orchestra. He died in Ljubljana in 1999. Title: Aruth Wartan Passage: Born Arutjun Wartanian in Nakhichevan in of the Russian Empire, he was of Armenian heritage. He graduated from high school in 1898 in Tbilisi, Georgia, and then briefly studied medicine in Kharkov (now in Ukraine). Around the turn of the century he briefly lived in Japan before relocating to St. Petersburg. During the Revolution of 1905 he moved to Saxony in Germany and studied at the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology. He also worked in Chile and Bolivia before returning to Germany and working as a mining engineer then moving into acting and performing on the stage and screen (since 1916). Title: California Newsreel Passage: California Newsreel, founded in 1968, is an American non-profit, social justice film distribution and production company based in San Francisco, California. Their educational media resources include both documentary and feature films, with a focus on the advancement of racial justice and diversity, and the study of African American life and history, as well as African culture and politics. In 2006, Newsreel launched a new thematic focus for their work: Globalization, with an emphasis on the global economy and the international division of labor. Several of California Newsreel's films have been broadcast on PBS. Title: John Houseman Passage: Houseman was born on September 22, 1902, in Bucharest, Romania, the son of May (née Davies) and Georges Haussmann, who ran a grain business. His mother was British, from a Christian family of Welsh and Irish descent. His father was an Alsatian-born Jew. He was educated in England at Clifton College, became a British subject, and worked in the grain trade in London before emigrating to the United States in 1925, where he took the stage name of John Houseman. He became a United States citizen in 1943. Title: Ensign Manufacturing Company Passage: Ensign Manufacturing Company, founded as Ensign Car Works in 1872, was a railroad car manufacturing company based in Huntington, West Virginia. In the 1880s and 1890s Ensign's production of wood freight cars made the company one of the three largest sawmill operators in Cabell County. In 1899, Ensign and twelve other companies were merged to form American Car and Foundry Company. Title: Envision EMI Passage: The company was originally founded as the Congressional Youth Leadership Council (CYLC) in 1985 by Barbara Harris and Richard Rossi. Prior to founding CYLC, Harris worked as both a classroom teacher and as a school administrator, and Rossi worked as a congressional staffer. The two met when Harris arranged a trip for her students to attend the second Presidential Inauguration of Ronald Reagan. The stated purpose of the company was to "create unique experiences that create a lifetime advantage to high-achievers." , neither Harris nor Rossi were affiliated with the company. Title: Edgar Lansbury (producer) Passage: Lansbury is the recipient of the John Houseman Award, presented to him by The Acting Company to honor his commitment to the development of classical actors and a national audience for the theater. Title: Four Star Television Passage: Four Star Television, also called Four Star International, was an American television production company. The company was founded in 1952 as Four Star Productions, by prominent Hollywood actors Dick Powell, David Niven, Charles Boyer, and Joel McCrea, after they were inspired by Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz founded Desilu Productions a year earlier. McCrea left Four Star soon after its founding to continue acting in film, television and radio, before being replaced with Ida Lupino as the fourth star, even though Lupino did not own any stock in the company. Title: Thank You for Smoking Passage: Nick Naylor is a handsome, smooth-talking tobacco spokesman who attempts to influence the act of people in daily life and the vice-president of a tobacco lobby called the "Academy of Tobacco Studies", which has been researching that whether smoking tobacco cause lung diseases or not. They claim that their research—funded primarily by tobacco companies—has found no definitive evidence for it. Nick's job is mainly defending Big Tobacco on television programs by presenting this research to the public. Naylor and his friends, firearm lobbyist Bobby Jay Bliss and alcohol lobbyist Polly Bailey, meet every week and jokingly call themselves the "Merchants of Death" or "The MOD Squad". Title: Carmelo Gómez Passage: Carmelo Gómez Celada (born 2 January 1962 in Sahagún, León) is a Spanish actor. He was born and worked in the village of Sahagún until he moved for his acting studies to Salamanca. He is the recipient of two Goya Awards, for best supporting actor in El método and best leading actor in Días contados. Title: Marilyn Monroe Passage: When the studio was still reluctant to change Monroe's contract, she founded a film production company in late 1954; she named it Marilyn Monroe Productions (MMP). She dedicated 1955 to building her company and began studying method acting at the Actors Studio. In late 1955, Fox awarded her a new contract, which gave her more control and a larger salary. Her subsequent roles included a critically acclaimed performance in Bus Stop (1956) and the first independent production of MMP, The Prince and the Showgirl (1957). Monroe won a Golden Globe for Best Actress for her work in Some Like It Hot (1959), a critical and commercial success. Her last completed film was the drama The Misfits (1961). Title: Religion (journal) Passage: Religion is a peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of Religious Studies. It was founded in 1971, with close ties to the Religious Studies program at the University of Lancaster. That program was founded and chaired by Ninian Smart, and he served as the Chairman of the first editorial board. Four companies have published the journal over the years: Oriel Press (1971–72), Routledge & Kegan Paul (1973–80), Academic Press (1981–2000), Elsevier (2001–2010), and currently Routledge. Title: Sxip Shirey Passage: Gene "Sxip" Shirey (pronounced "skip") is an American electric-acoustic composer, performer, and story-teller. Currently based in New York City, he is known for working with found objects, traditional instruments, and computer and rare modified instruments. Shirey has released three solo albums, including "Sonic New York" in 2010. Shirey is a member of The Daredevil Opera Company and is a founding member of the band Luminescent Orchestrii, as well as the band Gentlemen & Assassins. He is the host and producer of "Sxip's Hour of Charm", a variety show of cabaret acts. Title: Louis Delâge Passage: Born Pierre Louis Delâge to a family of modest means in Cognac in the Charente "département" of France, as an infant he lost the sight in one eye. At the age of sixteen, he went to study at a trade school Arts et Métiers ParisTech in the city of Angers, graduating with an engineering degree in 1893. Delage then fulfilled his military obligation and was stationed in Algeria. Discharged in 1895, he found work with a railway company in the south of France but in 1900 moved to Paris. There, he was employed in the engineering and design department of a motor vehicle manufacturing concern until 1903 when he received an offer to join the fledgling Renault automobile company. Title: Virginia Valli Passage: Born Virginia McSweeney in Chicago, Illinois, she got her acting start in Milwaukee with a stock company. She also did some film work with Essanay Studios in her hometown of Chicago, starting in 1916. Title: Kenji Fujimori Passage: From 1999 to 2004, Kenji Fujimori studied agronomics at Kansas State University, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree. Since 2008, he has been the general manager of a Lima private security and surveillance company. In March 2009, he founded his own enterprise, offering "independent services". Moreover, he holds executive positions in three other companies. Title: Zoomlion Passage: Founded in 1992 as Changsha Hi-tech Development Area Zoomlion Construction Mechanical Industry Company, one of its first products were concrete pumps. The company grew out of a subsidiary founded in 1956 in Beijing, as part of the first Ministry of Machinery Industry, Ministry of Construction, Central Enterprise Work Committee. Title: Colonel Sanders Passage: Colonel Harland David Sanders (September 9, 1890 -- December 16, 1980) was an American businessman, best known for founding fast food chicken restaurant chain Kentucky Fried Chicken (now known as KFC) and later acting as the company's brand ambassador and symbol. His name and image are still symbols of the company. The title 'colonel' was honorary -- a Kentucky colonel -- not the military rank. Title: Jan De Nul Passage: Founded in 1938, in Hofstade near Aalst, Belgium, Jan De Nul started as a construction company specialised in civil works and maritime construction. It was only in 1951 that the company entered into the dredging business. Title: Beethoven House Passage: The Beethoven House (German: Beethoven-Haus) in Bonn, Germany, is a memorial site, museum and cultural institution serving various purposes. Founded in 1889 by the Beethoven-Haus association, it studies the life and work of composer Ludwig van Beethoven.	[ "John Houseman", "Edgar Lansbury (producer)" ]
2hop__227791_75487	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Inky Mark (; born November 17, 1947) is a Canadian politician and a former member of the House of Commons of Canada, representing the Manitoba riding of Dauphin—Swan River—Marquette. Mark was a member of the Conservative Party of Canada, although he frequently criticized and took positions opposite the party and its leader, Stephen Harper. Mark ran in the 2015 federal election, noting that he is now a Green Party of Canada member but that he would still run as an independent. He lost significantly.", "title": "Inky Mark" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The States' Rights Democratic Party (usually called the Dixiecrats) was a short-lived segregationist political party in the United States. It originated in 1948 as a breakaway faction of the Democratic Party determined to protect states' rights to legislate racial segregation from what its members regarded as an oppressive federal government.", "title": "Dixiecrat" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Doris Pack (born 18 March 1942, Schiffweiler) is a German politician, President of EPP Women ,President of the Robert Schuman Institute and former Member of the European Parliament 1989-2014. She served as a member of the Bundestag 1974–1983 and 1985–1989. She is a member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party. Pack is the chair of the EU Committee on Culture and Education (since 2009).", "title": "Doris Pack" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born into a Mennonite family in Manitoba, Epp was a high school history teacher in Steinbach, Manitoba before entering politics. Jake Epp was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) in the 1972 election for the riding of Provencher, which was the home of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited's Whiteshell Laboratories.", "title": "Jake Epp" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Federation of Independents (, VdU) was a German nationalist and national-liberal political party in Austria active from 1949 to 1955. It was the predecessor of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ).", "title": "Federation of Independents" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Audrey Marlene McLaughlin (née Brown; born November 8, 1936) was leader of Canada's New Democratic Party (NDP) from 1989 to 1995. She was the first female leader of a political party with representation in the House of Commons of Canada, as well as the first female federal political party leader to represent an electoral district in a Canadian territory.", "title": "Audrey McLaughlin" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Labor Party of the United States was a short-lived political party formed by several state-level labor parties upon the encouragement of Chicago Federation of Labor leader John Fitzpatrick. It was formed in the immediate aftermath of World War I, due in large part to deterioration in the condition of the country's workers due to the imbalance between static workers' wages and rapidly escalating prices for necessities and consumer goods.", "title": "Labor Party of the United States" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bloc Québécois (BQ) (French pronunciation: (blɔk kebekwa)) is a federal political party in Canada devoted to Quebec nationalism and the promotion of Quebec sovereignty. The Bloc was formed by Members of Parliament who defected from the federal Progressive Conservative Party and Liberal Party during the collapse of the Meech Lake Accord. Founder Lucien Bouchard was a cabinet minister in the federal Progressive Conservative government of Brian Mulroney.", "title": "Bloc Québécois" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Camil Samson (January 3, 1935 - December 18, 2012) was a politician in Quebec, Canada, Member of the National Assembly of Quebec (MNA), and leader of the Ralliement créditiste du Québec and other political parties.", "title": "Camil Samson" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Congress of the New Right (, Nowa Prawica or just KNP) is an economically libertarian, socially conservative and Eurosceptic political party in Poland. The party was founded on 25 March 2011 by Janusz Korwin-Mikke, from the merger of the Liberty and Lawfulness (WiP) with several members of the Real Politics Union (UPR). The former leader Korwin-Mikke was ousted from the party in 2015. The party assumed the official name Congress of the New Right on 12 May 2011.", "title": "Congress of the New Right" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United Democratic Front (UDF) is a political party in Namibia. Justus ǁGaroëb was the party's leader since its foundation in 1989 until 2013, when he stepped down as leader of the party.", "title": "United Democratic Front (Namibia)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election was held on May 27, 2017. Party members chose Andrew Scheer as leader, replacing Stephen Harper, who led the Conservative Party of Canada as its leader from 2004 following the merger of the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative parties. Harper led the party through five federal elections: the party increased its seat count in the House of Commons in 2004, formed two minority governments in 2006, and 2008, and then a majority government in 2011. Following the defeat of the party in the 2015 federal election on October 19, Harper tendered his resignation as party leader. In a statement, Conservative Party President Harry Walsh said he had spoken to Harper, ``and he has instructed me to reach out to the newly elected parliamentary caucus to appoint an Interim Leader and to implement the leadership selection process. ''", "title": "2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Leader of Opposition (LOP) in Uganda is the title bestowed upon the elected leader of the largest political party not within the ruling government. The Leader of Opposition appoints and heads an alternative Shadow Cabinet whose duty is to challenge and influence government legislation on the floor of Parliament The current Leader of Opposition and first Ugandan female to hold the position is Hon. Winnie Kiiza of the Forum for Democratic Change. The Opposition in Uganda is made up of members from Forum for Democratic Change, Democratic Party, Uganda People's Congress, Congress Party and JEEMA.", "title": "Leader of Opposition (Uganda)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yane Yanev (, born 22 April 1971) is a Bulgarian politician, leader of the center-right opposition party Order, Law and Justice and a member of the Bulgarian National Assembly. Known as an \"anti-corruption hawk\" that has brought to light many political scandals, Yanev is one of the most famous political players to emerge in Bulgaria in the past decade.", "title": "Yane Yanev" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Patrick Brown MPP Leader of the Opposition in Ontario Incumbent Assumed office September 14, 2015 Preceded by Jim Wilson Leader of the Ontario PC Party Incumbent Assumed office May 9, 2015 Preceded by Jim Wilson (interim) Member of the Ontario Provincial Parliament for Simcoe North Incumbent Assumed office September 3, 2015 Preceded by Garfield Dunlop Member of the Canadian Parliament for Barrie In office January 23, 2006 -- May 13, 2015 Preceded by Aileen Carroll Succeeded by Riding Abolished Personal details Patrick Walter Brown (1978 - 05 - 26) May 26, 1978 (age 39) Toronto, Ontario Political party Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario Other political affiliations Conservative Party of Canada Relations Joe Tascona (uncle) Residence Barrie, Ontario Education St. Michael's College School Alma mater University of Windsor (LL. B.) University of Toronto (B.A.) Profession Lawyer", "title": "Patrick Brown (politician)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shiromaniam Madhavan (1944 - 29 June 1994), son of a founding member of the National Federation Party (NFP), was a Fiji Indian politician who served in the Labasa Town Council and the House of Representatives. He contested numerous elections for different political parties.", "title": "Shiromaniam Madhavan" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Senate Majority and Minority Leaders are two United States Senators and members of the party leadership of the United States Senate. These leaders serve as the chief Senate spokespeople for the political parties respectively holding the majority and the minority in the United States Senate, and manage and schedule the legislative and executive business of the Senate. They are elected to their positions in the Senate by their respective party caucuses, the Senate Democratic Caucus and the Senate Republican Conference.", "title": "Party leaders of the United States Senate" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Confederation of Regions Party (CoR) was a right-wing federal political party in Canada founded in 1984 by Elmer Knutson. It was founded as a successor to the Western Canada Federation (West-Fed), a non-partisan organization, to fight the Liberal Party of Canada. The CoR aimed to fill the void on the right of the political spectrum left by the decline of the Social Credit Party of Canada and the growing unpopularity among westerners of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada under the leadership of Brian Mulroney.", "title": "Confederation of Regions Party of Canada" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Franck Biancheri (11 March 1961 – 30 October 2012) was the founder of the Newropeans European political party and the leader from June 2006. The party planned to run for campaigns in the 2009 elections to the European Parliament with representatives in all member states simultaneously.", "title": "Franck Biancheri" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Epp was a member of the Conservative Party of Canada in the House of Commons of Canada, representing the riding of Edmonton—Sherwood Park since its creation in June 2004. He was previously the MP for Elk Island from 1993 to 2004. He has also been a member of the Canadian Alliance (2000-2003) and the Reform Party of Canada (1993-2000). Epp is a former mathematics instructor at the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology in Edmonton.", "title": "Ken Epp" } ]	Who is the federal leader of the political party Ken Epp belongs to?	Andrew Scheer	[]	Title: 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election Passage: The 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election was held on May 27, 2017. Party members chose Andrew Scheer as leader, replacing Stephen Harper, who led the Conservative Party of Canada as its leader from 2004 following the merger of the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative parties. Harper led the party through five federal elections: the party increased its seat count in the House of Commons in 2004, formed two minority governments in 2006, and 2008, and then a majority government in 2011. Following the defeat of the party in the 2015 federal election on October 19, Harper tendered his resignation as party leader. In a statement, Conservative Party President Harry Walsh said he had spoken to Harper, ``and he has instructed me to reach out to the newly elected parliamentary caucus to appoint an Interim Leader and to implement the leadership selection process. '' Title: Audrey McLaughlin Passage: Audrey Marlene McLaughlin (née Brown; born November 8, 1936) was leader of Canada's New Democratic Party (NDP) from 1989 to 1995. She was the first female leader of a political party with representation in the House of Commons of Canada, as well as the first female federal political party leader to represent an electoral district in a Canadian territory. Title: Labor Party of the United States Passage: The Labor Party of the United States was a short-lived political party formed by several state-level labor parties upon the encouragement of Chicago Federation of Labor leader John Fitzpatrick. It was formed in the immediate aftermath of World War I, due in large part to deterioration in the condition of the country's workers due to the imbalance between static workers' wages and rapidly escalating prices for necessities and consumer goods. Title: Franck Biancheri Passage: Franck Biancheri (11 March 1961 – 30 October 2012) was the founder of the Newropeans European political party and the leader from June 2006. The party planned to run for campaigns in the 2009 elections to the European Parliament with representatives in all member states simultaneously. Title: Doris Pack Passage: Doris Pack (born 18 March 1942, Schiffweiler) is a German politician, President of EPP Women ,President of the Robert Schuman Institute and former Member of the European Parliament 1989-2014. She served as a member of the Bundestag 1974–1983 and 1985–1989. She is a member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party. Pack is the chair of the EU Committee on Culture and Education (since 2009). Title: Yane Yanev Passage: Yane Yanev (, born 22 April 1971) is a Bulgarian politician, leader of the center-right opposition party Order, Law and Justice and a member of the Bulgarian National Assembly. Known as an "anti-corruption hawk" that has brought to light many political scandals, Yanev is one of the most famous political players to emerge in Bulgaria in the past decade. Title: Shiromaniam Madhavan Passage: Shiromaniam Madhavan (1944 - 29 June 1994), son of a founding member of the National Federation Party (NFP), was a Fiji Indian politician who served in the Labasa Town Council and the House of Representatives. He contested numerous elections for different political parties. Title: Inky Mark Passage: Inky Mark (; born November 17, 1947) is a Canadian politician and a former member of the House of Commons of Canada, representing the Manitoba riding of Dauphin—Swan River—Marquette. Mark was a member of the Conservative Party of Canada, although he frequently criticized and took positions opposite the party and its leader, Stephen Harper. Mark ran in the 2015 federal election, noting that he is now a Green Party of Canada member but that he would still run as an independent. He lost significantly. Title: Ken Epp Passage: Epp was a member of the Conservative Party of Canada in the House of Commons of Canada, representing the riding of Edmonton—Sherwood Park since its creation in June 2004. He was previously the MP for Elk Island from 1993 to 2004. He has also been a member of the Canadian Alliance (2000-2003) and the Reform Party of Canada (1993-2000). Epp is a former mathematics instructor at the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology in Edmonton. Title: Congress of the New Right Passage: The Congress of the New Right (, Nowa Prawica or just KNP) is an economically libertarian, socially conservative and Eurosceptic political party in Poland. The party was founded on 25 March 2011 by Janusz Korwin-Mikke, from the merger of the Liberty and Lawfulness (WiP) with several members of the Real Politics Union (UPR). The former leader Korwin-Mikke was ousted from the party in 2015. The party assumed the official name Congress of the New Right on 12 May 2011. Title: United Democratic Front (Namibia) Passage: The United Democratic Front (UDF) is a political party in Namibia. Justus ǁGaroëb was the party's leader since its foundation in 1989 until 2013, when he stepped down as leader of the party. Title: Party leaders of the United States Senate Passage: The Senate Majority and Minority Leaders are two United States Senators and members of the party leadership of the United States Senate. These leaders serve as the chief Senate spokespeople for the political parties respectively holding the majority and the minority in the United States Senate, and manage and schedule the legislative and executive business of the Senate. They are elected to their positions in the Senate by their respective party caucuses, the Senate Democratic Caucus and the Senate Republican Conference. Title: Federation of Independents Passage: The Federation of Independents (, VdU) was a German nationalist and national-liberal political party in Austria active from 1949 to 1955. It was the predecessor of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ). Title: Dixiecrat Passage: The States' Rights Democratic Party (usually called the Dixiecrats) was a short-lived segregationist political party in the United States. It originated in 1948 as a breakaway faction of the Democratic Party determined to protect states' rights to legislate racial segregation from what its members regarded as an oppressive federal government. Title: Patrick Brown (politician) Passage: Patrick Brown MPP Leader of the Opposition in Ontario Incumbent Assumed office September 14, 2015 Preceded by Jim Wilson Leader of the Ontario PC Party Incumbent Assumed office May 9, 2015 Preceded by Jim Wilson (interim) Member of the Ontario Provincial Parliament for Simcoe North Incumbent Assumed office September 3, 2015 Preceded by Garfield Dunlop Member of the Canadian Parliament for Barrie In office January 23, 2006 -- May 13, 2015 Preceded by Aileen Carroll Succeeded by Riding Abolished Personal details Patrick Walter Brown (1978 - 05 - 26) May 26, 1978 (age 39) Toronto, Ontario Political party Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario Other political affiliations Conservative Party of Canada Relations Joe Tascona (uncle) Residence Barrie, Ontario Education St. Michael's College School Alma mater University of Windsor (LL. B.) University of Toronto (B.A.) Profession Lawyer Title: Leader of Opposition (Uganda) Passage: The Leader of Opposition (LOP) in Uganda is the title bestowed upon the elected leader of the largest political party not within the ruling government. The Leader of Opposition appoints and heads an alternative Shadow Cabinet whose duty is to challenge and influence government legislation on the floor of Parliament The current Leader of Opposition and first Ugandan female to hold the position is Hon. Winnie Kiiza of the Forum for Democratic Change. The Opposition in Uganda is made up of members from Forum for Democratic Change, Democratic Party, Uganda People's Congress, Congress Party and JEEMA. Title: Confederation of Regions Party of Canada Passage: The Confederation of Regions Party (CoR) was a right-wing federal political party in Canada founded in 1984 by Elmer Knutson. It was founded as a successor to the Western Canada Federation (West-Fed), a non-partisan organization, to fight the Liberal Party of Canada. The CoR aimed to fill the void on the right of the political spectrum left by the decline of the Social Credit Party of Canada and the growing unpopularity among westerners of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada under the leadership of Brian Mulroney. Title: Bloc Québécois Passage: The Bloc Québécois (BQ) (French pronunciation: (blɔk kebekwa)) is a federal political party in Canada devoted to Quebec nationalism and the promotion of Quebec sovereignty. The Bloc was formed by Members of Parliament who defected from the federal Progressive Conservative Party and Liberal Party during the collapse of the Meech Lake Accord. Founder Lucien Bouchard was a cabinet minister in the federal Progressive Conservative government of Brian Mulroney. Title: Jake Epp Passage: Born into a Mennonite family in Manitoba, Epp was a high school history teacher in Steinbach, Manitoba before entering politics. Jake Epp was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) in the 1972 election for the riding of Provencher, which was the home of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited's Whiteshell Laboratories. Title: Camil Samson Passage: Camil Samson (January 3, 1935 - December 18, 2012) was a politician in Quebec, Canada, Member of the National Assembly of Quebec (MNA), and leader of the Ralliement créditiste du Québec and other political parties.	[ "2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election", "Ken Epp" ]
2hop__37656_36240	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Agnes Giberne (19 November 1845 in Belgaum, India – 20 August 1939 in Eastbourne, England) was a prolific British author who wrote fiction with moral or religious themes for children and also books on astronomy for young people.", "title": "Agnes Giberne" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tonsure (/ ˈtɒnʃər /) is the practice of cutting or shaving some or all of the hair on the scalp, as a sign of religious devotion or humility. The term originates from the Latin word tōnsūra (meaning ``clipping ''or`` shearing'') and referred to a specific practice in medieval Catholicism, abandoned by papal order in 1972. Tonsure can also refer to the secular practice of shaving all or part of the scalp to show support or sympathy, or to designate mourning. Current usage more generally refers to cutting or shaving for monks, devotees, or mystics of any religion as a symbol of their renunciation of worldly fashion and esteem.", "title": "Tonsure" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The demand for women's suffrage emerged as part of the broader movement for women's rights. In England in 1792 Mary Wollstonecraft wrote a pioneering book called A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. In Boston in 1838 Sarah Grimké published The Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women, which was widely circulated. In 1845 Margaret Fuller published Woman in the Nineteenth Century, a key document in American feminism that first appeared in serial form in 1839 in The Dial, a transcendentalist journal that Fuller edited.", "title": "Women's suffrage in the United States" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spencer Halpin's Moral Kombat is a 2009 documentary film, directed by Spencer Halpin, an American independent filmmaker. The title of the film is in part a reference to the \"Mortal Kombat\" series of video games. The title was changed from \"Moral Kombat\" to \"Spencer Halpin's Moral Kombat\" to avoid the risk of a lawsuit.", "title": "Spencer Halpin's Moral Kombat" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vinaya is the specific moral code for monks and nuns. It includes the Patimokkha, a set of 227 rules for monks in the Theravadin recension. The precise content of the vinayapitaka (scriptures on Vinaya) differs slightly according to different schools, and different schools or subschools set different standards for the degree of adherence to Vinaya. Novice-monks use the ten precepts, which are the basic precepts for monastics.", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "All Protestant denominations reject the notion of papal supremacy over the Church universal and generally deny the Roman Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation, but they disagree among themselves regarding the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist. The various denominations generally emphasize the priesthood of all believers, the doctrine of justification by faith alone (sola fide) rather than by or with good works, and a belief in the Bible alone (rather than with Catholic tradition) as the highest authority in matters of faith and morals (sola scriptura). The \"Five solae\" summarize the reformers' basic differences in theological beliefs in opposition to the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church of the day.", "title": "Protestantism" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's \"wondrous abundance of divine gifts and original innocence\" \"in that ark of Noah, which was built by divine command and escaped entirely safe and sound from the common shipwreck of the whole world; in the ladder which Jacob saw reaching from the earth to heaven, by whose rungs the angels of God ascended and descended, and on whose top the Lord himself leaned; in that bush which Moses saw in the holy place burning on all sides, which was not consumed or injured in any way but grew green and blossomed beautifully; in that impregnable tower before the enemy, from which hung a thousand bucklers and all the armor of the strong; in that garden enclosed on all sides, which cannot be violated or corrupted by any deceitful plots; in that resplendent city of God, which has its foundations on the holy mountains; in that most august temple of God, which, radiant with divine splendours, is full of the glory of God; and in very many other biblical types of this kind.\"", "title": "Immaculate Conception" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The LDP publishes many HowTo documents, which instruct a user on the specific steps to take to achieve a desired goal. These goals are sometimes very specific, such as configuring a particular modem, and sometimes very broad, such as how to administer a network for an ISP.", "title": "Linux Documentation Project" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The term \"classical music\" has two meanings: the broader meaning includes all Western art music from the Medieval era to today, and the specific meaning refers to the music from the 1750s to the early 1830s—the era of Mozart and Haydn. This section is about the more specific meaning.", "title": "Classical music" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Renée-Marie-Hélène-Suzanne Briet (; ; 1 February 1894 in Paris, France - 1989 in Boulogne, France), known as \"Madame Documentation,\" was a librarian, author, historian, poet, and visionary best known for her treatise \"Qu'est-ce que la documentation?\" (\"What is Documentation?\"), a foundational text in the modern study of information science. She is also known for her writings on the history of Ardennes and the poet Arthur Rimbaud.", "title": "Suzanne Briet" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the French Revolution, and soon after, in Germany (by the Left Hegelians), humanism began to refer to an ethical philosophy centered on humankind, without attention to the transcendent or supernatural. The designation Religious Humanism refers to organized groups that sprang up during the late-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is similar to Protestantism, although centered on human needs, interests, and abilities rather than the supernatural. In the Anglophone world, such modern, organized forms of humanism, which are rooted in the 18th-century Enlightenment, have to a considerable extent more or less detached themselves from the historic connection of humanism with classical learning and the liberal arts.", "title": "Humanism" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Collectively encompassing more than 900 million adherents, or nearly forty percent of Christians worldwide, Protestantism is present on all populated continents.[t] The movement is more divided theologically and ecclesiastically than either Eastern Orthodoxy or Roman Catholicism, lacking both structural unity and central human authority. Some Protestant churches do have a worldwide scope and distribution of membership (notably, the Anglican Communion), while others are confined to a single country, or even are solitary church bodies or congregations (such as the former Prussian Union of churches). Nondenominational, evangelical, independent and other churches are on the rise, and constitute a significant part of Protestant Christianity.", "title": "Protestantism" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Morals of Marcus is a 1935 British comedy film directed by Miles Mander and starring Lupe Vélez, Ian Hunter and Adrianne Allen. The screenplay concerns an archaeologist who finds a woman hiding in his luggage who has escaped from a harem and they eventually fall in love and marry. \"The Morals of Marcus\" was previously filmed twice as silents in 1915 with Marie Doro and in 1921 with May McAvoy.", "title": "The Morals of Marcus (1935 film)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Flynn effect is named for James R. Flynn, who did much to document it and promote awareness of its implications. The term itself was coined by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, authors of \"The Bell Curve\". Although the general term for the phenomenon—referring to no researcher in particular—continues to be \"secular rise in IQ scores\", many textbooks on psychology and IQ testing have now followed the lead of Herrnstein and Murray in calling the phenomenon the Flynn effect.", "title": "Flynn effect" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Frakes is a prominent shield volcano marking the highest elevation in the Crary Mountains, in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica and is the third highest volcanic elevation on the continent.", "title": "Mount Frakes" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A microbrewery, or craft brewery, produces a limited amount of beer. The maximum amount of beer a brewery can produce and still be classed as a microbrewery varies by region and by authority, though is usually around 15,000 barrels (1.8 megalitres, 396 thousand imperial gallons or 475 thousand US gallons) a year. A brewpub is a type of microbrewery that incorporates a pub or other eating establishment. The highest density of breweries in the world, most of them microbreweries, exists in the German Region of Franconia, especially in the district of Upper Franconia, which has about 200 breweries. The Benedictine Weihenstephan Brewery in Bavaria, Germany, can trace its roots to the year 768, as a document from that year refers to a hop garden in the area paying a tithe to the monastery. The brewery was licensed by the City of Freising in 1040, and therefore is the oldest working brewery in the world.", "title": "Beer" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Irene Marie (born August 22, 1950 in Miami Beach, Florida) is a former fashion model and founder of the eponymous South Beach model agency Irene Marie Models. Marie and her agency were the subject of the MTV series 8th & Ocean. Marie is referred to as The Grand Dame of Modeling.", "title": "Irene Marie" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The English Church was brought back under papal authority in 1553 and doctrinal and liturgical conformity at the beginning of the reign of Queen Mary I. The restoration of papal authority was celebrated by the majority of the nation and enforced by the Marian persecutions against Protestants. Her harshness was a success but at the cost of alienating a fairly large section of English society which had been moving away from some traditional Catholic devotional practices. The English it seems were quite caught up with the reforming movement on the Continent. At the time they were neither Calvinist nor Lutheran, but certainly leaning toward Protestantism (and by the late 16th century, were certainly Protestant).", "title": "Catholic Church in England and Wales" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Military chocolate has been a part of the standard United States military ration since the original Ration D or D ration bar of 1937. Today, military chocolate is issued to troops as part of basic field rations and sundry packs. Chocolate rations served two purposes: as a morale boost, and as a high-energy, pocket-sized emergency ration. Military chocolate rations are often made in special lots to military specifications for weight, size, and endurance. The majority of chocolate issued to military personnel is produced by the Hershey Company.", "title": "Military chocolate (United States)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sand Child (l'Enfant de sable) is a 1985 novel by Moroccan author Tahar Ben Jelloun. First published in France, the novel's message expresses on multiple levels ideas about the post-colonial condition of Morocco while also emphasising themes relating to the construction of individual identities. It can also be seen as a critique of \"traditional\" Islamic and Moroccan morals, with specific reference to the position of women. There are strong elements of magical realism in the novel.", "title": "The Sand Child" } ]	What specific part of the document that is the highest authority in Protestantism for morals reference Mary?	Genesis 3:15	[]	Title: The Morals of Marcus (1935 film) Passage: The Morals of Marcus is a 1935 British comedy film directed by Miles Mander and starring Lupe Vélez, Ian Hunter and Adrianne Allen. The screenplay concerns an archaeologist who finds a woman hiding in his luggage who has escaped from a harem and they eventually fall in love and marry. "The Morals of Marcus" was previously filmed twice as silents in 1915 with Marie Doro and in 1921 with May McAvoy. Title: Spencer Halpin's Moral Kombat Passage: Spencer Halpin's Moral Kombat is a 2009 documentary film, directed by Spencer Halpin, an American independent filmmaker. The title of the film is in part a reference to the "Mortal Kombat" series of video games. The title was changed from "Moral Kombat" to "Spencer Halpin's Moral Kombat" to avoid the risk of a lawsuit. Title: Women's suffrage in the United States Passage: The demand for women's suffrage emerged as part of the broader movement for women's rights. In England in 1792 Mary Wollstonecraft wrote a pioneering book called A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. In Boston in 1838 Sarah Grimké published The Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women, which was widely circulated. In 1845 Margaret Fuller published Woman in the Nineteenth Century, a key document in American feminism that first appeared in serial form in 1839 in The Dial, a transcendentalist journal that Fuller edited. Title: Mount Frakes Passage: Mount Frakes is a prominent shield volcano marking the highest elevation in the Crary Mountains, in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica and is the third highest volcanic elevation on the continent. Title: Buddhism Passage: Vinaya is the specific moral code for monks and nuns. It includes the Patimokkha, a set of 227 rules for monks in the Theravadin recension. The precise content of the vinayapitaka (scriptures on Vinaya) differs slightly according to different schools, and different schools or subschools set different standards for the degree of adherence to Vinaya. Novice-monks use the ten precepts, which are the basic precepts for monastics. Title: Flynn effect Passage: The Flynn effect is named for James R. Flynn, who did much to document it and promote awareness of its implications. The term itself was coined by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, authors of "The Bell Curve". Although the general term for the phenomenon—referring to no researcher in particular—continues to be "secular rise in IQ scores", many textbooks on psychology and IQ testing have now followed the lead of Herrnstein and Murray in calling the phenomenon the Flynn effect. Title: Protestantism Passage: Collectively encompassing more than 900 million adherents, or nearly forty percent of Christians worldwide, Protestantism is present on all populated continents.[t] The movement is more divided theologically and ecclesiastically than either Eastern Orthodoxy or Roman Catholicism, lacking both structural unity and central human authority. Some Protestant churches do have a worldwide scope and distribution of membership (notably, the Anglican Communion), while others are confined to a single country, or even are solitary church bodies or congregations (such as the former Prussian Union of churches). Nondenominational, evangelical, independent and other churches are on the rise, and constitute a significant part of Protestant Christianity. Title: Immaculate Conception Passage: The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's "wondrous abundance of divine gifts and original innocence" "in that ark of Noah, which was built by divine command and escaped entirely safe and sound from the common shipwreck of the whole world; in the ladder which Jacob saw reaching from the earth to heaven, by whose rungs the angels of God ascended and descended, and on whose top the Lord himself leaned; in that bush which Moses saw in the holy place burning on all sides, which was not consumed or injured in any way but grew green and blossomed beautifully; in that impregnable tower before the enemy, from which hung a thousand bucklers and all the armor of the strong; in that garden enclosed on all sides, which cannot be violated or corrupted by any deceitful plots; in that resplendent city of God, which has its foundations on the holy mountains; in that most august temple of God, which, radiant with divine splendours, is full of the glory of God; and in very many other biblical types of this kind." Title: Humanism Passage: During the French Revolution, and soon after, in Germany (by the Left Hegelians), humanism began to refer to an ethical philosophy centered on humankind, without attention to the transcendent or supernatural. The designation Religious Humanism refers to organized groups that sprang up during the late-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is similar to Protestantism, although centered on human needs, interests, and abilities rather than the supernatural. In the Anglophone world, such modern, organized forms of humanism, which are rooted in the 18th-century Enlightenment, have to a considerable extent more or less detached themselves from the historic connection of humanism with classical learning and the liberal arts. Title: The Sand Child Passage: The Sand Child (l'Enfant de sable) is a 1985 novel by Moroccan author Tahar Ben Jelloun. First published in France, the novel's message expresses on multiple levels ideas about the post-colonial condition of Morocco while also emphasising themes relating to the construction of individual identities. It can also be seen as a critique of "traditional" Islamic and Moroccan morals, with specific reference to the position of women. There are strong elements of magical realism in the novel. Title: Protestantism Passage: All Protestant denominations reject the notion of papal supremacy over the Church universal and generally deny the Roman Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation, but they disagree among themselves regarding the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist. The various denominations generally emphasize the priesthood of all believers, the doctrine of justification by faith alone (sola fide) rather than by or with good works, and a belief in the Bible alone (rather than with Catholic tradition) as the highest authority in matters of faith and morals (sola scriptura). The "Five solae" summarize the reformers' basic differences in theological beliefs in opposition to the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church of the day. Title: Classical music Passage: The term "classical music" has two meanings: the broader meaning includes all Western art music from the Medieval era to today, and the specific meaning refers to the music from the 1750s to the early 1830s—the era of Mozart and Haydn. This section is about the more specific meaning. Title: Military chocolate (United States) Passage: Military chocolate has been a part of the standard United States military ration since the original Ration D or D ration bar of 1937. Today, military chocolate is issued to troops as part of basic field rations and sundry packs. Chocolate rations served two purposes: as a morale boost, and as a high-energy, pocket-sized emergency ration. Military chocolate rations are often made in special lots to military specifications for weight, size, and endurance. The majority of chocolate issued to military personnel is produced by the Hershey Company. Title: Irene Marie Passage: Irene Marie (born August 22, 1950 in Miami Beach, Florida) is a former fashion model and founder of the eponymous South Beach model agency Irene Marie Models. Marie and her agency were the subject of the MTV series 8th & Ocean. Marie is referred to as The Grand Dame of Modeling. Title: Agnes Giberne Passage: Agnes Giberne (19 November 1845 in Belgaum, India – 20 August 1939 in Eastbourne, England) was a prolific British author who wrote fiction with moral or religious themes for children and also books on astronomy for young people. Title: Tonsure Passage: Tonsure (/ ˈtɒnʃər /) is the practice of cutting or shaving some or all of the hair on the scalp, as a sign of religious devotion or humility. The term originates from the Latin word tōnsūra (meaning ``clipping ''or`` shearing'') and referred to a specific practice in medieval Catholicism, abandoned by papal order in 1972. Tonsure can also refer to the secular practice of shaving all or part of the scalp to show support or sympathy, or to designate mourning. Current usage more generally refers to cutting or shaving for monks, devotees, or mystics of any religion as a symbol of their renunciation of worldly fashion and esteem. Title: Catholic Church in England and Wales Passage: The English Church was brought back under papal authority in 1553 and doctrinal and liturgical conformity at the beginning of the reign of Queen Mary I. The restoration of papal authority was celebrated by the majority of the nation and enforced by the Marian persecutions against Protestants. Her harshness was a success but at the cost of alienating a fairly large section of English society which had been moving away from some traditional Catholic devotional practices. The English it seems were quite caught up with the reforming movement on the Continent. At the time they were neither Calvinist nor Lutheran, but certainly leaning toward Protestantism (and by the late 16th century, were certainly Protestant). Title: Beer Passage: A microbrewery, or craft brewery, produces a limited amount of beer. The maximum amount of beer a brewery can produce and still be classed as a microbrewery varies by region and by authority, though is usually around 15,000 barrels (1.8 megalitres, 396 thousand imperial gallons or 475 thousand US gallons) a year. A brewpub is a type of microbrewery that incorporates a pub or other eating establishment. The highest density of breweries in the world, most of them microbreweries, exists in the German Region of Franconia, especially in the district of Upper Franconia, which has about 200 breweries. The Benedictine Weihenstephan Brewery in Bavaria, Germany, can trace its roots to the year 768, as a document from that year refers to a hop garden in the area paying a tithe to the monastery. The brewery was licensed by the City of Freising in 1040, and therefore is the oldest working brewery in the world. Title: Linux Documentation Project Passage: The LDP publishes many HowTo documents, which instruct a user on the specific steps to take to achieve a desired goal. These goals are sometimes very specific, such as configuring a particular modem, and sometimes very broad, such as how to administer a network for an ISP. Title: Suzanne Briet Passage: Renée-Marie-Hélène-Suzanne Briet (; ; 1 February 1894 in Paris, France - 1989 in Boulogne, France), known as "Madame Documentation," was a librarian, author, historian, poet, and visionary best known for her treatise "Qu'est-ce que la documentation?" ("What is Documentation?"), a foundational text in the modern study of information science. She is also known for her writings on the history of Ardennes and the poet Arthur Rimbaud.	[ "Protestantism", "Immaculate Conception" ]
2hop__804417_126089	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eidsvåg Church () is a parish church in Bergen municipality in Hordaland county, Norway. It is located in the Eidsvåg neighborhood in the city of Bergen. The church is part of the Eidsvåg parish in the Arna og Åsane deanery in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The large, white, concrete church was built in 1981 by the architectural firm \"Lund + Slaatto Arkitekter\". The church is a large cube shape, and it seats 300 people, and the main sanctuary is expandable up to 550 people.", "title": "Eidsvåg Church" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Storavatnet is a lake just southwest of the village of Loddefjord in Bergen, Hordaland county, Norway. The long lake is located in the borough of Laksevåg, west of the city center of Bergen.", "title": "Storavatnet" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "title": "Minsk Region" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bergen is a city in McHenry County, North Dakota, United States. The population was just 7 at the 2010 Census. It is part of the Minot Micropolitan Statistical Area. Bergen was founded in 1905 and named after Bergen, Norway.", "title": "Bergen, North Dakota" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bergen () is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. Its North Sea beaches make it a popular destination for tourists. In 2001, the municipality was formed from a merger of the former municipalities of Egmond, Schoorl, and the smaller community of Bergen proper that had existed since 1811.", "title": "Bergen, North Holland" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "title": "Tumaraa" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The capital and seat of the provincial government is Haarlem, and the province's largest city is the Netherlands' capital Amsterdam. The King's Commissioner of North Holland is Johan Remkes, serving since 2010. There are 51 municipalities and three (including parts of) water boards in the province.", "title": "North Holland" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abraham A. Haring House is located in Rockleigh, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1758 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983.", "title": "Abraham A. Haring House" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cornelius Demarest House is located in Rochelle Park, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983.", "title": "Cornelius Demarest House" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Varden Kunstgress Field is located in Bergen, Norway, and is currently home to the NoAFF's Bergen Storm, as well as the football (soccer) teams Bergen Sparta and Fyllingen Kvinner.", "title": "Varden Kunstgress" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "title": "Pangi Territory" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beauclaire-Vreeland House is located in Bergenfield, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 9, 1983.", "title": "Beauclaire-Vreeland House" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Store Lungegårdsvannet is a bay located in the city and municipality of Bergen in Hordaland county, Norway. The bay separates the city centre, located in the borough of Bergenhus, from the southern boroughs of the city, Årstad, Fana, and Ytrebygda. The bay is situated at the end of the Puddefjorden.", "title": "Store Lungegårdsvannet" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shortly after Louis Philippe's constitutional monarchy was overthrown in the revolution of 1848, the new government of the Second Republic ended Algeria's status as a colony and declared in the 1848 Constitution the occupied lands an integral part of France. Three civil territories -- Alger, Oran, and Constantine -- were organized as Departments of France (local administrative units) under a civilian government. This made them a part of France proper as opposed to a colony. For the first time, French citizens in the civil territories elected their own councils and mayors; Muslims had to be appointed, could not hold more than one - third of council seats, and could not serve as mayors or assistant mayors. The administration of territories outside the zones settled by colons remained under the French Army. Local Muslim administration was allowed to continue under the supervision of French Army commanders, charged with maintaining order in newly pacified regions, and the bureaux arabes. Theoretically, these areas were closed to European colonization.", "title": "French Algeria" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "title": "States of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Demarest House is located in Oakland, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983.", "title": "Demarest House (Oakland, New Jersey)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Åsane is a former municipality in Hordaland county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1904 until 1972. The municipality encompassed the northern part of the Bergen Peninsula, roughly corresponding to the present-day borough of Åsane in the city-municipality of Bergen. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Eidsvåg. The main church for the municipality was Åsane Church. Historically, the area was called \"Aasene\", but with spelling reforms in the Norwegian language, the modern spelling has been \"Åsane\" since about 1920.", "title": "Åsane (municipality)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Caspar Westervelt House is located in Teaneck, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1763 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983.", "title": "Caspar Westervelt House" } ]	Who was in charge of the place where Bergen is located?	Johan Remkes	[]	Title: Caspar Westervelt House Passage: The Caspar Westervelt House is located in Teaneck, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1763 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983. Title: Beauclaire-Vreeland House Passage: Beauclaire-Vreeland House is located in Bergenfield, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 9, 1983. Title: Cyprus Popular Bank Passage: Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group. Title: Minsk Region Passage: Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, "Minskaja vobłasć" ; , "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500. Title: Pangi Territory Passage: Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi. Title: French Algeria Passage: Shortly after Louis Philippe's constitutional monarchy was overthrown in the revolution of 1848, the new government of the Second Republic ended Algeria's status as a colony and declared in the 1848 Constitution the occupied lands an integral part of France. Three civil territories -- Alger, Oran, and Constantine -- were organized as Departments of France (local administrative units) under a civilian government. This made them a part of France proper as opposed to a colony. For the first time, French citizens in the civil territories elected their own councils and mayors; Muslims had to be appointed, could not hold more than one - third of council seats, and could not serve as mayors or assistant mayors. The administration of territories outside the zones settled by colons remained under the French Army. Local Muslim administration was allowed to continue under the supervision of French Army commanders, charged with maintaining order in newly pacified regions, and the bureaux arabes. Theoretically, these areas were closed to European colonization. Title: Eidsvåg Church Passage: Eidsvåg Church () is a parish church in Bergen municipality in Hordaland county, Norway. It is located in the Eidsvåg neighborhood in the city of Bergen. The church is part of the Eidsvåg parish in the Arna og Åsane deanery in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The large, white, concrete church was built in 1981 by the architectural firm "Lund + Slaatto Arkitekter". The church is a large cube shape, and it seats 300 people, and the main sanctuary is expandable up to 550 people. Title: Federalism Passage: Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a "little constitution", called "organic law" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly. Title: Bergen, North Dakota Passage: Bergen is a city in McHenry County, North Dakota, United States. The population was just 7 at the 2010 Census. It is part of the Minot Micropolitan Statistical Area. Bergen was founded in 1905 and named after Bergen, Norway. Title: Varden Kunstgress Passage: Varden Kunstgress Field is located in Bergen, Norway, and is currently home to the NoAFF's Bergen Storm, as well as the football (soccer) teams Bergen Sparta and Fyllingen Kvinner. Title: Cornelius Demarest House Passage: Cornelius Demarest House is located in Rochelle Park, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983. Title: Storavatnet Passage: Storavatnet is a lake just southwest of the village of Loddefjord in Bergen, Hordaland county, Norway. The long lake is located in the borough of Laksevåg, west of the city center of Bergen. Title: North Holland Passage: The capital and seat of the provincial government is Haarlem, and the province's largest city is the Netherlands' capital Amsterdam. The King's Commissioner of North Holland is Johan Remkes, serving since 2010. There are 51 municipalities and three (including parts of) water boards in the province. Title: Bergen, North Holland Passage: Bergen () is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. Its North Sea beaches make it a popular destination for tourists. In 2001, the municipality was formed from a merger of the former municipalities of Egmond, Schoorl, and the smaller community of Bergen proper that had existed since 1811. Title: States of Nigeria Passage: A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments. Title: Store Lungegårdsvannet Passage: Store Lungegårdsvannet is a bay located in the city and municipality of Bergen in Hordaland county, Norway. The bay separates the city centre, located in the borough of Bergenhus, from the southern boroughs of the city, Årstad, Fana, and Ytrebygda. The bay is situated at the end of the Puddefjorden. Title: Demarest House (Oakland, New Jersey) Passage: Demarest House is located in Oakland, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983. Title: Abraham A. Haring House Passage: Abraham A. Haring House is located in Rockleigh, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1758 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983. Title: Åsane (municipality) Passage: Åsane is a former municipality in Hordaland county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1904 until 1972. The municipality encompassed the northern part of the Bergen Peninsula, roughly corresponding to the present-day borough of Åsane in the city-municipality of Bergen. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Eidsvåg. The main church for the municipality was Åsane Church. Historically, the area was called "Aasene", but with spelling reforms in the Norwegian language, the modern spelling has been "Åsane" since about 1920. Title: Tumaraa Passage: Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.	[ "Bergen, North Holland", "North Holland" ]
2hop__811015_3300	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blue Bloods (season 7) Country of origin United States No. of episodes 22 Release Original network CBS Original release September 23, 2016 (2016 - 09 - 23) -- May 5, 2017 (2017 - 05 - 05) Season chronology ← Previous Season 6 Next → Season 8 List of Blue Bloods episodes", "title": "Blue Bloods (season 7)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ski season, which is similar to the Alps, typically runs from mid-December to April, depending on the length and depth of snowfall. In spring, it is sometimes possible to snow ski in the morning and drive to the coast in the afternoon to water ski.", "title": "Skiing in Lebanon" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Blue Skies is the debut album by American Idol runner-up Diana DeGarmo, released in December 7, 2004 on RCA Records. It debuted at number 52, selling 47,000 copies in its first week and currently 168,000 copies.", "title": "Blue Skies (Diana DeGarmo album)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Multidirection is the second album by American jazz pianist Kenny Cox featuring performances recorded in 1969 and released on the Blue Note label. The album was reissued as bonus tracks with Cox's first Blue Note album \"Introducing Kenny Cox\".", "title": "Multidirection" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grant's First Stand is the debut album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances by Green recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1961. Earlier recordings made by Green for Blue Note were released as \"First Session\" in 2001.", "title": "Grant's First Stand" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter Prevc (; born 20 September 1992) is a Slovenian ski jumper. He is one of the sport's most successful contemporary athletes, having won the 2016 Ski Jumping World Cup overall title and two Olympic medals, silver and bronze at the 2014 Winter Olympics. His other career accomplishments include finishing runner-up in the 2014 and 2015 World Cup seasons, winning the 2016 Four Hills Tournament and 2016 Ski Flying World Championships, three consecutive Ski Flying World Cup overall titles (2014, 2015, and 2016), silver and bronze medals at the 2013 Ski Jumping World Championships, bronze at the 2014 Ski Flying World Championships, and bronze and silver with the Slovenian national team at the 2011 Ski Jumping and 2018 Ski Flying World Championships, respectively.", "title": "Peter Prevc" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ski Club of Australia is a private club and ski lodge located in Thredbo, New South Wales, Australia. It was founded in 1920 and as its foundation pre-dated the foundation of the Ski Council of New South Wales in 1929, it played a pivotal role in the history of skiing and ski racing in Australia. Four members of the Ski Club, Herbert Schlink, Eric Fisher, William Gordon and John Laidley, made the first winter crossing of the Snowy Mountains Main Range from Kiandra to Kosciusko in 1927. Slalom skiing was introduced into Australia by the club. The club formerly had an official role in Australian skiing and its 75th Anniversary history was written by Olympian Bob Arnott.", "title": "Ski Club of Australia" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hans Theessink (born 5 April 1948, Enschede, Netherlands) is a Dutch guitarist, mandolinist, singer and songwriter, living in Vienna, Austria. He performs blues and roots music, particularly in a Delta blues style. Theessink has released 20 albums, a songbook, a blues-guitar instruction video and a DVD.", "title": "Hans Theessink" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nothing But Blue Skies is a humorous fantasy novel by English author Tom Holt. It was first published in the UK by Orbit Books in 2001.", "title": "Nothing But Blue Skies" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Phillips became the winner, beating Sanchez. Prior to the announcement of the winner, season five finalist Ace Young proposed marriage to season three runner-up Diana DeGarmo on stage – which she accepted.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first Ski - Doo was launched in 1959. It was a new invention of Joseph - Armand Bombardier. The original name was Ski - Dog, but a typographical error in a Bombardier brochure changed the name Ski - Dog to Ski - Doo.", "title": "Ski-Doo" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1968–69 NHL season was the 52nd season of the National Hockey League. Twelve teams each played 76 games (two more than in 1967–68). For the second time in a row, the Montreal Canadiens faced the St. Louis Blues in the Stanley Cup finals. Montreal won their second consecutive Stanley Cup as they swept the Blues in four, an identical result to the previous season.", "title": "1968–69 NHL season" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Parisienne Walkways: The Blues Collection is a 2003 compilation album of containing performances of blues songs by the blues-rock guitarist and vocalist Gary Moore. It is a companion piece to \"Back on the Streets: The Rock Collection\", released at the same time.", "title": "Parisienne Walkways: The Blues Collection" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blue Water High is an Australian television drama series, broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation on ABC1 and on Austar/Foxtel Nickelodeon channel in Australia and on various channels in many other countries. Each season follows the lives of a young group of students at Solar Blue, a high-performance surf academy where several lucky 16-year-olds are selected for a 12-month-long surfing program on Sydney's northern beaches (Avalon, Sydney, and New South Wales in Australia).", "title": "Blue Water High" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Galzig is a mountain in the Lechtal Alps of Tyrol, Austria. The elevation at its peak is . Located near St. Anton am Arlberg, it is a popular hiking and skiing destination, depending on the season.", "title": "Galzig" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daniel Forfang (born 28 December 1979) is a Norwegian former ski jumper. He had thirty-four World Cup starts, with a fifth place in Kuusamo in 2005 as his best individual result. He also helped win a team competition in Lahti the same year. Forfang retired ahead of the 2006–07 season, feeling that he could not continue the ski jumper's lifestyle, especially pertaining to the pressure of maintaining a low body weight. He is the older brother of current ski jumper Johann André Forfang.", "title": "Daniel Forfang" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blue Hills Ski Area is located on the western face of Great Blue Hill in Canton, Massachusetts. This land is part of the Blue Hills Reservation, a state park managed by the DCR.", "title": "Blue Hills Ski Area" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "DenGee Livin' is the third studio album by American rap group DenGee (formerly known as 187 Fac). It was released May 23, 2000 on Ronlan Entertainment. The album was produced entirely by E-A-Ski & CMT. It peaked at number 81 on the \"Billboard\" Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. The album features guest performances by Spice 1, E-A-Ski, Silk-E, San Quinn, Mr. Town and T-Pup.", "title": "DenGee Livin'" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blue Bloods (season 8) Season 8 U.S. DVD cover Country of origin United States No. of episodes 22 Release Original network CBS Original release September 29, 2017 (2017 - 09 - 29) -- May 11, 2018 (2018 - 05 - 11) Season chronology ← Previous Season 7 List of Blue Bloods episodes", "title": "Blue Bloods (season 8)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver's Serenade is an album by jazz pianist Horace Silver released on the Blue Note label in 1963 featuring performances by Silver with Blue Mitchell, Junior Cook, Gene Taylor, and Roy Brooks.", "title": "Silver's Serenade" } ]	What season was the performer of Blue Skies on?	season three	[]	Title: Galzig Passage: Galzig is a mountain in the Lechtal Alps of Tyrol, Austria. The elevation at its peak is . Located near St. Anton am Arlberg, it is a popular hiking and skiing destination, depending on the season. Title: Skiing in Lebanon Passage: The ski season, which is similar to the Alps, typically runs from mid-December to April, depending on the length and depth of snowfall. In spring, it is sometimes possible to snow ski in the morning and drive to the coast in the afternoon to water ski. Title: Blue Hills Ski Area Passage: Blue Hills Ski Area is located on the western face of Great Blue Hill in Canton, Massachusetts. This land is part of the Blue Hills Reservation, a state park managed by the DCR. Title: Daniel Forfang Passage: Daniel Forfang (born 28 December 1979) is a Norwegian former ski jumper. He had thirty-four World Cup starts, with a fifth place in Kuusamo in 2005 as his best individual result. He also helped win a team competition in Lahti the same year. Forfang retired ahead of the 2006–07 season, feeling that he could not continue the ski jumper's lifestyle, especially pertaining to the pressure of maintaining a low body weight. He is the older brother of current ski jumper Johann André Forfang. Title: Nothing But Blue Skies Passage: Nothing But Blue Skies is a humorous fantasy novel by English author Tom Holt. It was first published in the UK by Orbit Books in 2001. Title: Blue Water High Passage: Blue Water High is an Australian television drama series, broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation on ABC1 and on Austar/Foxtel Nickelodeon channel in Australia and on various channels in many other countries. Each season follows the lives of a young group of students at Solar Blue, a high-performance surf academy where several lucky 16-year-olds are selected for a 12-month-long surfing program on Sydney's northern beaches (Avalon, Sydney, and New South Wales in Australia). Title: Parisienne Walkways: The Blues Collection Passage: Parisienne Walkways: The Blues Collection is a 2003 compilation album of containing performances of blues songs by the blues-rock guitarist and vocalist Gary Moore. It is a companion piece to "Back on the Streets: The Rock Collection", released at the same time. Title: Blue Bloods (season 7) Passage: Blue Bloods (season 7) Country of origin United States No. of episodes 22 Release Original network CBS Original release September 23, 2016 (2016 - 09 - 23) -- May 5, 2017 (2017 - 05 - 05) Season chronology ← Previous Season 6 Next → Season 8 List of Blue Bloods episodes Title: Blue Bloods (season 8) Passage: Blue Bloods (season 8) Season 8 U.S. DVD cover Country of origin United States No. of episodes 22 Release Original network CBS Original release September 29, 2017 (2017 - 09 - 29) -- May 11, 2018 (2018 - 05 - 11) Season chronology ← Previous Season 7 List of Blue Bloods episodes Title: American Idol Passage: Phillips became the winner, beating Sanchez. Prior to the announcement of the winner, season five finalist Ace Young proposed marriage to season three runner-up Diana DeGarmo on stage – which she accepted. Title: Ski Club of Australia Passage: The Ski Club of Australia is a private club and ski lodge located in Thredbo, New South Wales, Australia. It was founded in 1920 and as its foundation pre-dated the foundation of the Ski Council of New South Wales in 1929, it played a pivotal role in the history of skiing and ski racing in Australia. Four members of the Ski Club, Herbert Schlink, Eric Fisher, William Gordon and John Laidley, made the first winter crossing of the Snowy Mountains Main Range from Kiandra to Kosciusko in 1927. Slalom skiing was introduced into Australia by the club. The club formerly had an official role in Australian skiing and its 75th Anniversary history was written by Olympian Bob Arnott. Title: Silver's Serenade Passage: Silver's Serenade is an album by jazz pianist Horace Silver released on the Blue Note label in 1963 featuring performances by Silver with Blue Mitchell, Junior Cook, Gene Taylor, and Roy Brooks. Title: Multidirection Passage: Multidirection is the second album by American jazz pianist Kenny Cox featuring performances recorded in 1969 and released on the Blue Note label. The album was reissued as bonus tracks with Cox's first Blue Note album "Introducing Kenny Cox". Title: Grant's First Stand Passage: Grant's First Stand is the debut album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances by Green recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1961. Earlier recordings made by Green for Blue Note were released as "First Session" in 2001. Title: Peter Prevc Passage: Peter Prevc (; born 20 September 1992) is a Slovenian ski jumper. He is one of the sport's most successful contemporary athletes, having won the 2016 Ski Jumping World Cup overall title and two Olympic medals, silver and bronze at the 2014 Winter Olympics. His other career accomplishments include finishing runner-up in the 2014 and 2015 World Cup seasons, winning the 2016 Four Hills Tournament and 2016 Ski Flying World Championships, three consecutive Ski Flying World Cup overall titles (2014, 2015, and 2016), silver and bronze medals at the 2013 Ski Jumping World Championships, bronze at the 2014 Ski Flying World Championships, and bronze and silver with the Slovenian national team at the 2011 Ski Jumping and 2018 Ski Flying World Championships, respectively. Title: Blue Skies (Diana DeGarmo album) Passage: Blue Skies is the debut album by American Idol runner-up Diana DeGarmo, released in December 7, 2004 on RCA Records. It debuted at number 52, selling 47,000 copies in its first week and currently 168,000 copies. Title: 1968–69 NHL season Passage: The 1968–69 NHL season was the 52nd season of the National Hockey League. Twelve teams each played 76 games (two more than in 1967–68). For the second time in a row, the Montreal Canadiens faced the St. Louis Blues in the Stanley Cup finals. Montreal won their second consecutive Stanley Cup as they swept the Blues in four, an identical result to the previous season. Title: Hans Theessink Passage: Hans Theessink (born 5 April 1948, Enschede, Netherlands) is a Dutch guitarist, mandolinist, singer and songwriter, living in Vienna, Austria. He performs blues and roots music, particularly in a Delta blues style. Theessink has released 20 albums, a songbook, a blues-guitar instruction video and a DVD. Title: Ski-Doo Passage: The first Ski - Doo was launched in 1959. It was a new invention of Joseph - Armand Bombardier. The original name was Ski - Dog, but a typographical error in a Bombardier brochure changed the name Ski - Dog to Ski - Doo. Title: DenGee Livin' Passage: DenGee Livin' is the third studio album by American rap group DenGee (formerly known as 187 Fac). It was released May 23, 2000 on Ronlan Entertainment. The album was produced entirely by E-A-Ski & CMT. It peaked at number 81 on the "Billboard" Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. The album features guest performances by Spice 1, E-A-Ski, Silk-E, San Quinn, Mr. Town and T-Pup.	[ "Blue Skies (Diana DeGarmo album)", "American Idol" ]
2hop__645367_68633	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Officially, Kim Jong-un is part of a triumvirate heading the executive branch of the North Korean government along with Premier Kim Jae-ryong (no relation) and parliament president Choe Ryong-hae. Each nominally holds powers equivalent to a third of a president's powers in most presidential systems. Kim Jong-un commands the armed forces, Kim Jae-ryong heads the government and handles domestic affairs, and Choe Ryong-hae handles foreign relations. Nevertheless, it is generally understood that Kim Jong-un, like his father and grandfather before him, exercises absolute control over the government and the country. Indeed, a constitutional amendment enacted by his father explicitly named the NDC (first) chairman as \"the supreme leader of the Democratic People's Republic of North Korea\".On 30 November 2012, Kim met with Li Jianguo, who \"briefed Kim on the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China\", according to the state's official news agency, the Korean Central News Agency. A letter from Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, was hand-delivered during the discussion.On 9 March 2014, Kim Jong-un was elected to a seat in the Supreme People's Assembly, the country's unicameral legislature. He ran unopposed, but voters had the choice of voting yes or no. There was a record turnout of voters and, according to government officials, all voted \"yes\" in his home district of Mount Paekdu. The Supreme People's Assembly subsequently elected him first chairman of the National Defense Commission.", "title": "Kim Jong-un" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kim Yong-sun (1934 – 26 October 2003) was a North Korean politician. At the time of his death, he was vice-chairman of the Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of the Fatherland. He was reported to have been killed in a car accident. He also held a position as a secretary (subordinate to the general secretary) of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK).", "title": "Kim Yong-sun" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After graduating from economics department at the Moscow State University in 1945, where he also took a deep interest in philosophy, Kim Yong-ju joined the Workers' Party of Korea. His rise through the party's echelons was fast: from the 1950s to the 1960s he was chief cadre (1954), vice-director (1957) and finally director (1960) of the WPK Organization and Guidance Department, and he was appointed member of the WPK Central Committee at the Party's 4th Congress in 1961. In 1966 he was promoted to Organizing Secretary of the WPK Central Committee.", "title": "Kim Yong-ju" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first major intergovernmental organization joined by Bangladesh was the Commonwealth of Nations in 1972. The country joined the United Nations in 1974, and has been elected twice to the UN Security Council. Ambassador Humayun Rashid Choudhury was elected president of the UN General Assembly in 1986. Bangladesh relies on multilateral diplomacy in the World Trade Organization. It is a major contributor to UN peacekeeping, providing 113,000 personnel to 54 UN missions in the Middle East, the Balkans, Africa and the Caribbean in 2014.In addition to membership in the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations, Bangladesh pioneered regional cooperation in South Asia. Bangladesh is a founding member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), an organization designed to strengthen relations and promote economic and cultural growth among its members. It has hosted several summits, and two Bangladeshi diplomats were the organization's secretary-general.", "title": "Bangladesh" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pakistan officially joined the United Nations (UN) on 30 September 1947 just over a month after its independence from the British Empire. Today, it is a charter member and participates in all of the UN's specialised agencies and organisations. Pakistan has been elected seven times (tied with Colombia and India) into the UN Security Council, with the most recent term in 2013. It is also one of the countries which has had a diplomat, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, serve a term as the President of the United Nations General Assembly.", "title": "Pakistan and the United Nations" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bow (Korean title: \"Hwal\") is a 2005 film written and directed by Kim Ki-duk. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival.", "title": "The Bow (film)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portrait Name Position Branch General Jeong Kyeong - doo Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff & Chief Director of the Joint Defense Headquarters Republic of Korea Air Force General Kim Yong - woo Chief of Staff of the Republic of Korea Army Republic of Korea Army Admiral Sim Seung - seob Chief of Naval Operations of the Republic of Korea Navy Republic of Korea Navy General Lee Wang - keun Chief of Staff of the Republic of Korea Air Force Republic of Korea Air Force", "title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hung Pham or Hung Kim Pham (born Phạm Kim Hưng; October 2, 1963 in Saigon) is a former politician and information expert in Alberta, Canada. He formerly served as a member of Legislative Assembly of Alberta, Canada.", "title": "Hung Pham" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "# Name (Lifespan) Took office Left office Political Party Kim Jong - il (1941 / 42 -- 2011) 5 September 2009 30 November 2011 Workers' Party of Korea Kim Jong - un (1984 -) 30 November 2011 Incumbent Workers' Party of Korea", "title": "List of heads of state of North Korea" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Datuk Chua Tee Yong (; born 19 October 1977) is a Malaysian politician and was the Member of parliament of Malaysia for the Labis constituency in the State of Johor for two terms (2008-2018). He was one of the four Vice-Presidents of the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) in the ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition then with the third highest votes for the party election term from 21 December 2013 until 4 November 2018.", "title": "Chua Tee Yong" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The President of the Bank is the president of the entire World Bank Group. The president, currently Jim Yong Kim, is responsible for chairing the meetings of the Boards of Directors and for overall management of the Bank. Traditionally, the President of the Bank has always been a US citizen nominated by the United States, the largest shareholder in the bank (the managing director of the International Monetary Fund having always been a European). The nominee is subject to confirmation by the Board of Executive Directors, to serve for a five - year, renewable term. While most World Bank presidents have had banking experience, some have not.", "title": "World Bank" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Alma-Ata Protocol also addressed other issues, including UN membership. Notably, Russia was authorized to assume the Soviet Union's UN membership, including its permanent seat on the Security Council. The Soviet Ambassador to the UN delivered a letter signed by Russian President Yeltsin to the UN Secretary-General dated December 24, 1991, informing him that by virtue of the Alma-Ata Protocol, Russia was the successor state to the USSR. After being circulated among the other UN member states, with no objection raised, the statement was declared accepted on the last day of the year, December 31, 1991.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "President of the International Olympic Committee Président du Comité international olympique Olympic rings Incumbent Thomas Bach since 10 September 2013 International Olympic Committee Style His Excellency Member of IOC Executive Board Residence Lausanne Palace Seat IOC Headquarters, Lausanne, Switzerland Appointer IOC Session Elected by the IOC Members by secret ballot Term length Eight years Renewable once for four years Constituting instrument Olympic Charter Formation 1894 First holder Demetrius Vikelas Website International Olympic Committee", "title": "President of the International Olympic Committee" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kim Pyong-il (; born 10 August 1954) is the younger paternal half-brother of the former leader of North Korea, Kim Jong-il, and the only surviving son of former leader and president of North Korea Kim Il-sung. He is the current ambassador of North Korea to the Czech Republic.", "title": "Kim Pyong-il" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kim Un-yong or Un Yong Kim (19 March 1931 – 3 October 2017) was a South Korean sports administrator, Vice-President of the International Olympic Committee, and founding member of the WTF executive board. Kim Un-yong was elected the president of the Korean Taekwondo Association on 23 January 1971. He received a doctorate in Political Science in 1963 from the Yonsei University. Kim retired from the WTF presidency in 2004 and was succeeded by Chungwon Choue.", "title": "Kim Un-yong" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kim dynasty, referred to in North Korea as the Mount Paektu Bloodline, is a three - generation lineage of North Korean leadership descended from the country's first leader, Kim Il - sung, in 1948. Kim came to rule the North after the end of Japanese control in 1945 split the region. He began the Korean War in 1950 in an attempt to reunify the entire peninsula. Kim developed a cult of personality closely tied to their state philosophy of Juche, which was later passed on to his successors: his son Kim Jong - il and grandson Kim Jong - un.", "title": "Kim dynasty (North Korea)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ko Yong-hui (; 26 June 1952 – 13 August 2004), also spelled Ko Young-hee, was the North Korean supreme leader Kim Jong-il's consort and the mother of North Korea's current leader, Kim Jong-un. Within North Korea she is only referred to by titles, such as \"The Respected Mother who is the Most Faithful and Loyal 'Subject' to the Dear Leader Comrade Supreme Commander\", \"The Mother of Pyongyang\", and \"The Mother of Great Songun Korea.\"", "title": "Ko Yong-hui" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United Nations member states are the 193 sovereign states that are members of the United Nations (UN) and have equal representation in the UN General Assembly. The UN is the world's largest intergovernmental organization, ahead of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.", "title": "Member states of the United Nations" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Flame in the Valley () is a 1967 South Korean film directed by Kim Soo-yong. It was awarded Best Film at the Blue Dragon Film Awards ceremony.", "title": "Flame in the Valley" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United Nations member states are the 193 sovereign states that are members of the United Nations (UN) and have equal representation in the UN General Assembly. The UN is the world's largest intergovernmental organization.", "title": "Member states of the United Nations" } ]	Who is the president of the group Kim Un-yong is a member of?	Thomas Bach	[]	Title: Kim Un-yong Passage: Kim Un-yong or Un Yong Kim (19 March 1931 – 3 October 2017) was a South Korean sports administrator, Vice-President of the International Olympic Committee, and founding member of the WTF executive board. Kim Un-yong was elected the president of the Korean Taekwondo Association on 23 January 1971. He received a doctorate in Political Science in 1963 from the Yonsei University. Kim retired from the WTF presidency in 2004 and was succeeded by Chungwon Choue. Title: Hung Pham Passage: Hung Pham or Hung Kim Pham (born Phạm Kim Hưng; October 2, 1963 in Saigon) is a former politician and information expert in Alberta, Canada. He formerly served as a member of Legislative Assembly of Alberta, Canada. Title: Bangladesh Passage: The first major intergovernmental organization joined by Bangladesh was the Commonwealth of Nations in 1972. The country joined the United Nations in 1974, and has been elected twice to the UN Security Council. Ambassador Humayun Rashid Choudhury was elected president of the UN General Assembly in 1986. Bangladesh relies on multilateral diplomacy in the World Trade Organization. It is a major contributor to UN peacekeeping, providing 113,000 personnel to 54 UN missions in the Middle East, the Balkans, Africa and the Caribbean in 2014.In addition to membership in the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations, Bangladesh pioneered regional cooperation in South Asia. Bangladesh is a founding member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), an organization designed to strengthen relations and promote economic and cultural growth among its members. It has hosted several summits, and two Bangladeshi diplomats were the organization's secretary-general. Title: Pakistan and the United Nations Passage: Pakistan officially joined the United Nations (UN) on 30 September 1947 just over a month after its independence from the British Empire. Today, it is a charter member and participates in all of the UN's specialised agencies and organisations. Pakistan has been elected seven times (tied with Colombia and India) into the UN Security Council, with the most recent term in 2013. It is also one of the countries which has had a diplomat, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, serve a term as the President of the United Nations General Assembly. Title: Member states of the United Nations Passage: The United Nations member states are the 193 sovereign states that are members of the United Nations (UN) and have equal representation in the UN General Assembly. The UN is the world's largest intergovernmental organization. Title: Chua Tee Yong Passage: Datuk Chua Tee Yong (; born 19 October 1977) is a Malaysian politician and was the Member of parliament of Malaysia for the Labis constituency in the State of Johor for two terms (2008-2018). He was one of the four Vice-Presidents of the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) in the ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition then with the third highest votes for the party election term from 21 December 2013 until 4 November 2018. Title: President of the International Olympic Committee Passage: President of the International Olympic Committee Président du Comité international olympique Olympic rings Incumbent Thomas Bach since 10 September 2013 International Olympic Committee Style His Excellency Member of IOC Executive Board Residence Lausanne Palace Seat IOC Headquarters, Lausanne, Switzerland Appointer IOC Session Elected by the IOC Members by secret ballot Term length Eight years Renewable once for four years Constituting instrument Olympic Charter Formation 1894 First holder Demetrius Vikelas Website International Olympic Committee Title: Kim Yong-ju Passage: After graduating from economics department at the Moscow State University in 1945, where he also took a deep interest in philosophy, Kim Yong-ju joined the Workers' Party of Korea. His rise through the party's echelons was fast: from the 1950s to the 1960s he was chief cadre (1954), vice-director (1957) and finally director (1960) of the WPK Organization and Guidance Department, and he was appointed member of the WPK Central Committee at the Party's 4th Congress in 1961. In 1966 he was promoted to Organizing Secretary of the WPK Central Committee. Title: Kim Yong-sun Passage: Kim Yong-sun (1934 – 26 October 2003) was a North Korean politician. At the time of his death, he was vice-chairman of the Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of the Fatherland. He was reported to have been killed in a car accident. He also held a position as a secretary (subordinate to the general secretary) of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK). Title: Kim dynasty (North Korea) Passage: The Kim dynasty, referred to in North Korea as the Mount Paektu Bloodline, is a three - generation lineage of North Korean leadership descended from the country's first leader, Kim Il - sung, in 1948. Kim came to rule the North after the end of Japanese control in 1945 split the region. He began the Korean War in 1950 in an attempt to reunify the entire peninsula. Kim developed a cult of personality closely tied to their state philosophy of Juche, which was later passed on to his successors: his son Kim Jong - il and grandson Kim Jong - un. Title: Kim Pyong-il Passage: Kim Pyong-il (; born 10 August 1954) is the younger paternal half-brother of the former leader of North Korea, Kim Jong-il, and the only surviving son of former leader and president of North Korea Kim Il-sung. He is the current ambassador of North Korea to the Czech Republic. Title: Flame in the Valley Passage: Flame in the Valley () is a 1967 South Korean film directed by Kim Soo-yong. It was awarded Best Film at the Blue Dragon Film Awards ceremony. Title: Dissolution of the Soviet Union Passage: The Alma-Ata Protocol also addressed other issues, including UN membership. Notably, Russia was authorized to assume the Soviet Union's UN membership, including its permanent seat on the Security Council. The Soviet Ambassador to the UN delivered a letter signed by Russian President Yeltsin to the UN Secretary-General dated December 24, 1991, informing him that by virtue of the Alma-Ata Protocol, Russia was the successor state to the USSR. After being circulated among the other UN member states, with no objection raised, the statement was declared accepted on the last day of the year, December 31, 1991. Title: Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea) Passage: Portrait Name Position Branch General Jeong Kyeong - doo Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff & Chief Director of the Joint Defense Headquarters Republic of Korea Air Force General Kim Yong - woo Chief of Staff of the Republic of Korea Army Republic of Korea Army Admiral Sim Seung - seob Chief of Naval Operations of the Republic of Korea Navy Republic of Korea Navy General Lee Wang - keun Chief of Staff of the Republic of Korea Air Force Republic of Korea Air Force Title: Kim Jong-un Passage: Officially, Kim Jong-un is part of a triumvirate heading the executive branch of the North Korean government along with Premier Kim Jae-ryong (no relation) and parliament president Choe Ryong-hae. Each nominally holds powers equivalent to a third of a president's powers in most presidential systems. Kim Jong-un commands the armed forces, Kim Jae-ryong heads the government and handles domestic affairs, and Choe Ryong-hae handles foreign relations. Nevertheless, it is generally understood that Kim Jong-un, like his father and grandfather before him, exercises absolute control over the government and the country. Indeed, a constitutional amendment enacted by his father explicitly named the NDC (first) chairman as "the supreme leader of the Democratic People's Republic of North Korea".On 30 November 2012, Kim met with Li Jianguo, who "briefed Kim on the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China", according to the state's official news agency, the Korean Central News Agency. A letter from Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, was hand-delivered during the discussion.On 9 March 2014, Kim Jong-un was elected to a seat in the Supreme People's Assembly, the country's unicameral legislature. He ran unopposed, but voters had the choice of voting yes or no. There was a record turnout of voters and, according to government officials, all voted "yes" in his home district of Mount Paekdu. The Supreme People's Assembly subsequently elected him first chairman of the National Defense Commission. Title: List of heads of state of North Korea Passage: # Name (Lifespan) Took office Left office Political Party Kim Jong - il (1941 / 42 -- 2011) 5 September 2009 30 November 2011 Workers' Party of Korea Kim Jong - un (1984 -) 30 November 2011 Incumbent Workers' Party of Korea Title: Member states of the United Nations Passage: The United Nations member states are the 193 sovereign states that are members of the United Nations (UN) and have equal representation in the UN General Assembly. The UN is the world's largest intergovernmental organization, ahead of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Title: World Bank Passage: The President of the Bank is the president of the entire World Bank Group. The president, currently Jim Yong Kim, is responsible for chairing the meetings of the Boards of Directors and for overall management of the Bank. Traditionally, the President of the Bank has always been a US citizen nominated by the United States, the largest shareholder in the bank (the managing director of the International Monetary Fund having always been a European). The nominee is subject to confirmation by the Board of Executive Directors, to serve for a five - year, renewable term. While most World Bank presidents have had banking experience, some have not. Title: Ko Yong-hui Passage: Ko Yong-hui (; 26 June 1952 – 13 August 2004), also spelled Ko Young-hee, was the North Korean supreme leader Kim Jong-il's consort and the mother of North Korea's current leader, Kim Jong-un. Within North Korea she is only referred to by titles, such as "The Respected Mother who is the Most Faithful and Loyal 'Subject' to the Dear Leader Comrade Supreme Commander", "The Mother of Pyongyang", and "The Mother of Great Songun Korea." Title: The Bow (film) Passage: The Bow (Korean title: "Hwal") is a 2005 film written and directed by Kim Ki-duk. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival.	[ "President of the International Olympic Committee", "Kim Un-yong" ]
2hop__87953_17335	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Opposite sides of a modern die traditionally add up to seven, implying that the 1, 2 and 3 faces share a vertex. The faces of a die may be placed clockwise or counterclockwise about this vertex. If the 1, 2 and 3 faces run counterclockwise, the die is called ``right - handed '', and if those faces run clockwise, the die is called`` left - handed''. Western dice are normally right - handed, and Chinese dice are normally left - handed.", "title": "Dice" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Name Party Term Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra Indian National Congress (O) December 1969 -- March 1971 M.S. Gurupadaswamy March 1971 -- April 1972 Kamalapati Tripathi Indian National Congress 30 March 1977 -- 15 February 1978 Bhola Paswan Shastri Indian National Congress (O) 24 February 1978 -- 23 March 1978 Kamalapati Tripathi Indian National Congress 23 March 1978 -- 8 January 1980 6 L.K. Advani Bharatiya Jana Sangh 21 January 1980 -- 7 April 1980 7 P. Shiv Shankar Indian National Congress 18 December 1989 -- 2 January 1991 8 M.S. Gurupadaswamy Janata Dal 28 June -- 21 July 1991 9 S. Jaipal Reddy 22 July 1991 -- 29 June 1992 10 Sikander Bakht Bharatiya Janata Party 7 July 1992 -- 23 May 1996 11 Shankarrao Chavan Indian National Congress 23 May 1996 -- 1 June 1996 12 Sikander Bakht Bharatiya Janata Party 1 June 1996 -- 19 March 1998 13 Manmohan Singh Indian National Congress 21 March 1998 -- 21 May 2004 14 Jaswant Singh Bharatiya Janata Party 3 June 2004 -- 16 May 2009 15 Arun Jaitley 3 June 2009 -- 26 May 2014 16 Ghulam Nabi Azad Indian National Congress 8 June 2014 - incumbent", "title": "Leader of the Opposition (India)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Great American Cowboy is a 1973 documentary film by Kieth Merrill. The film, which won the 1974 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, is about the battle between two rodeo stars for the world championship: veteran Larry Mahan and newcomer Phil Lyne.", "title": "The Great American Cowboy" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the Battle of Torgau on 3 November 1760, King Frederick the Great's Prussian army fought a larger Austrian army under the command of Field Marshal Leopold Josef Graf Daun. The Prussians won a costly victory in one of the bloodiest battles of the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War).", "title": "Battle of Torgau" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Myeongnim Dap-bu (67? – 179) (명림답부, 明臨答夫) was the first Guksang (국좌상, Prime Minister) of Goguryeo, and was known for his overthrowing of the tyrannical King Chadae, and his victory against the Han Dynasty at the Battle of Jwa-won.", "title": "Myeongnim Dap-bu" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Caesar Must Die () is a 2012 Italian drama film directed by Paolo and Vittorio Taviani. The film competed at the 62nd Berlin International Film Festival where it won the Golden Bear. The film is set in Rebibbia Prison (suburb of Rome), and follows convicts in their rehearsals ahead of a prison performance of \"Julius Caesar\".", "title": "Caesar Must Die" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sittas (; died 538) was a Byzantine military commander during the reign of Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565). During the Iberian War against the Sassanid Empire, Sittas was given command of forces in Armenia, similar to the status of Belisarius in Mesopotamia. He won a victory over the Sassanids at the battle of Satala.", "title": "Sittas" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Hydaspes was fought in 326 BC between Alexander the Great and King Porus of the Paurava kingdom on the banks of the river Jhelum (known to the Greeks as Hydaspes) in what is now the Punjab province of Pakistan. The battle resulted in a complete Greek victory and the annexation of the Punjab, which lay beyond the far easternmost confines of the already absorbed Persian empire, into the Macedonian Empire.", "title": "Battle of the Hydaspes" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "La Tour Montparnasse Infernale is a 2001 French comedy film directed by Charles Nemes and written by Kader Aoun, Ramzy Bedia, Éric Judor and Xavier Matthieu. When it came out in cinemas in Canada, it was translated into Don't Die Too Hard in reference to Die Hard, starring Bruce Willis.", "title": "La Tour Montparnasse Infernale" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Die Feiertage Israels, Die jüdischen Feiertage in er Sicht der Tradition (Herchen Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, vol. I, 1993, p. 556, vol. II, 1994, p. 557)", "title": "Ahron Daum" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas is a video game developed by n-Space and published by Fox Interactive for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation in 2000. It is a sequel to \"Die Hard Trilogy\", which was based on the \"Die Hard\" series of action movies. Like its predecessor, the game features three distinct genres; a third-person shooter, a light gun game, and an action driving game. However, unlike \"Die Hard Trilogy\", which featured three separate storylines based on the first three \"Die Hard\" films, \"Die Hard Trilogy 2\" features a single original storyline that alternates between the three genres throughout the levels.", "title": "Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Ligny (16 June 1815) was the last victory of the military career of Napoleon Bonaparte. In this battle, French troops of the Armée du Nord under Napoleon's command, defeated part of a Prussian army under Field Marshal Prince Blücher, near Ligny in present-day Belgium. The Battle of Ligny is an example of a tactical win and a strategic loss for the French. While the French troops did force the enemy to retreat, the Prussian army survived and went on to play a pivotal role two days later at the Battle of Waterloo, reinforced by the Prussian IV Corps, which had not participated in the Battle of Ligny. Had the French army succeeded in keeping the Prussian army from joining the Anglo-allied Army under Wellington at Waterloo, Napoleon might have won the Waterloo Campaign.", "title": "Battle of Ligny" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Crysler's Farm, also known as the Battle of Crysler's Field, was fought on 11 November 1813, during the Anglo-American War of 1812 (the name \"Chrysler's Farm\" is sometimes used for the engagement, but \"Crysler\" is the proper spelling). A British and Canadian force won a victory over a US force which greatly outnumbered them. The US defeat prompted them to abandon the St. Lawrence Campaign, their major strategic effort in the autumn of 1813.", "title": "Battle of Crysler's Farm" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Confederate troops from all parts of North Carolina served in virtually all the major battles of the Army of Northern Virginia, the Confederacy's most famous army. The largest battle fought in North Carolina was at Bentonville, which was a futile attempt by Confederate General Joseph Johnston to slow Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's advance through the Carolinas in the spring of 1865. In April 1865, after losing the Battle of Morrisville, Johnston surrendered to Sherman at Bennett Place, in what is today Durham. North Carolina's port city of Wilmington was the last Confederate port to fall to the Union, in February 1865, after the Union won the nearby Second Battle of Fort Fisher, its major defense downriver.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Soltau () took place on 28 June 1519 and was the military climax of the Hildesheim Diocesan Feud which lasted from 1519–1523. Some sources describe it as \"the last knights' battle\" (\"Die letzte Ritterschlacht\").", "title": "Battle of Soltau" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Beroia (modern Stara Zagora) was fought in 1122 between the Pechenegs and the Byzantine Empire under Emperor John II Komnenos (r. 1118–1143) in what is now Bulgaria. The Byzantine army won the battle, resulting in the disappearance of the Pechenegs as a distinct, independent people.", "title": "Battle of Beroia" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Orcs Must Die! 2 is a trap based action-tower defense video game that Robot Entertainment developed as the follow-up to the original \"Orcs Must Die!\", with Microsoft Game Studios publishing the sequel for Microsoft Windows on July 30, 2012 in the United States. On April 2, 2012, Microsoft announced the development of \"Orcs Must Die! 2\" at the Penny Arcade Expo in Boston (PAX East), with their emphasis on co-operative gameplay as the principal addition over the original.", "title": "Orcs Must Die! 2" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Die Männer der Emden is a 2012 German film directed and co-written by Berengar Pfahl that is an account of members of the crew of SMS \"Emden\" making their way back to Germany after the Battle of Cocos. The film was shot in Greece, Sri Lanka, Tunisia, Malta and Germany and appeared as both a miniseries and a feature film.", "title": "Die Männer der Emden" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek (Hellenic) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year. At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, Africa and Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science. For example, competitive public games took place, ideas in biology, and popular entertainment in theaters. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration, compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era. The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism. Greek Science was advanced by the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes. The religious sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and the Greek adoption of Buddhism.", "title": "Hellenistic period" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Bolia, was a battle in 469 between the Ostrogoths (Amal Goths) and a coalition of Germanic tribes in the Roman province of Pannonia. It was fought on the south side of the Danube near its confluence with the river Bolia, in present-day Hungary. The Ostrogoths won, achieving supremacy in Pannonia, but soon migrated south towards richer lands.", "title": "Battle of Bolia" } ]	When did the winner of the Battle between Poras and Sikander die?	323 BC	[]	Title: Die Männer der Emden Passage: Die Männer der Emden is a 2012 German film directed and co-written by Berengar Pfahl that is an account of members of the crew of SMS "Emden" making their way back to Germany after the Battle of Cocos. The film was shot in Greece, Sri Lanka, Tunisia, Malta and Germany and appeared as both a miniseries and a feature film. Title: Battle of Ligny Passage: The Battle of Ligny (16 June 1815) was the last victory of the military career of Napoleon Bonaparte. In this battle, French troops of the Armée du Nord under Napoleon's command, defeated part of a Prussian army under Field Marshal Prince Blücher, near Ligny in present-day Belgium. The Battle of Ligny is an example of a tactical win and a strategic loss for the French. While the French troops did force the enemy to retreat, the Prussian army survived and went on to play a pivotal role two days later at the Battle of Waterloo, reinforced by the Prussian IV Corps, which had not participated in the Battle of Ligny. Had the French army succeeded in keeping the Prussian army from joining the Anglo-allied Army under Wellington at Waterloo, Napoleon might have won the Waterloo Campaign. Title: The Great American Cowboy Passage: The Great American Cowboy is a 1973 documentary film by Kieth Merrill. The film, which won the 1974 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, is about the battle between two rodeo stars for the world championship: veteran Larry Mahan and newcomer Phil Lyne. Title: La Tour Montparnasse Infernale Passage: La Tour Montparnasse Infernale is a 2001 French comedy film directed by Charles Nemes and written by Kader Aoun, Ramzy Bedia, Éric Judor and Xavier Matthieu. When it came out in cinemas in Canada, it was translated into Don't Die Too Hard in reference to Die Hard, starring Bruce Willis. Title: Myeongnim Dap-bu Passage: Myeongnim Dap-bu (67? – 179) (명림답부, 明臨答夫) was the first Guksang (국좌상, Prime Minister) of Goguryeo, and was known for his overthrowing of the tyrannical King Chadae, and his victory against the Han Dynasty at the Battle of Jwa-won. Title: Hellenistic period Passage: The Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek (Hellenic) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year. At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, Africa and Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science. For example, competitive public games took place, ideas in biology, and popular entertainment in theaters. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration, compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era. The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism. Greek Science was advanced by the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes. The religious sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and the Greek adoption of Buddhism. Title: Sittas Passage: Sittas (; died 538) was a Byzantine military commander during the reign of Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565). During the Iberian War against the Sassanid Empire, Sittas was given command of forces in Armenia, similar to the status of Belisarius in Mesopotamia. He won a victory over the Sassanids at the battle of Satala. Title: Battle of the Hydaspes Passage: The Battle of the Hydaspes was fought in 326 BC between Alexander the Great and King Porus of the Paurava kingdom on the banks of the river Jhelum (known to the Greeks as Hydaspes) in what is now the Punjab province of Pakistan. The battle resulted in a complete Greek victory and the annexation of the Punjab, which lay beyond the far easternmost confines of the already absorbed Persian empire, into the Macedonian Empire. Title: Ahron Daum Passage: Die Feiertage Israels, Die jüdischen Feiertage in er Sicht der Tradition (Herchen Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, vol. I, 1993, p. 556, vol. II, 1994, p. 557) Title: Battle of Crysler's Farm Passage: The Battle of Crysler's Farm, also known as the Battle of Crysler's Field, was fought on 11 November 1813, during the Anglo-American War of 1812 (the name "Chrysler's Farm" is sometimes used for the engagement, but "Crysler" is the proper spelling). A British and Canadian force won a victory over a US force which greatly outnumbered them. The US defeat prompted them to abandon the St. Lawrence Campaign, their major strategic effort in the autumn of 1813. Title: Battle of Torgau Passage: In the Battle of Torgau on 3 November 1760, King Frederick the Great's Prussian army fought a larger Austrian army under the command of Field Marshal Leopold Josef Graf Daun. The Prussians won a costly victory in one of the bloodiest battles of the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War). Title: Battle of Beroia Passage: The Battle of Beroia (modern Stara Zagora) was fought in 1122 between the Pechenegs and the Byzantine Empire under Emperor John II Komnenos (r. 1118–1143) in what is now Bulgaria. The Byzantine army won the battle, resulting in the disappearance of the Pechenegs as a distinct, independent people. Title: Leader of the Opposition (India) Passage: Name Party Term Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra Indian National Congress (O) December 1969 -- March 1971 M.S. Gurupadaswamy March 1971 -- April 1972 Kamalapati Tripathi Indian National Congress 30 March 1977 -- 15 February 1978 Bhola Paswan Shastri Indian National Congress (O) 24 February 1978 -- 23 March 1978 Kamalapati Tripathi Indian National Congress 23 March 1978 -- 8 January 1980 6 L.K. Advani Bharatiya Jana Sangh 21 January 1980 -- 7 April 1980 7 P. Shiv Shankar Indian National Congress 18 December 1989 -- 2 January 1991 8 M.S. Gurupadaswamy Janata Dal 28 June -- 21 July 1991 9 S. Jaipal Reddy 22 July 1991 -- 29 June 1992 10 Sikander Bakht Bharatiya Janata Party 7 July 1992 -- 23 May 1996 11 Shankarrao Chavan Indian National Congress 23 May 1996 -- 1 June 1996 12 Sikander Bakht Bharatiya Janata Party 1 June 1996 -- 19 March 1998 13 Manmohan Singh Indian National Congress 21 March 1998 -- 21 May 2004 14 Jaswant Singh Bharatiya Janata Party 3 June 2004 -- 16 May 2009 15 Arun Jaitley 3 June 2009 -- 26 May 2014 16 Ghulam Nabi Azad Indian National Congress 8 June 2014 - incumbent Title: Orcs Must Die! 2 Passage: Orcs Must Die! 2 is a trap based action-tower defense video game that Robot Entertainment developed as the follow-up to the original "Orcs Must Die!", with Microsoft Game Studios publishing the sequel for Microsoft Windows on July 30, 2012 in the United States. On April 2, 2012, Microsoft announced the development of "Orcs Must Die! 2" at the Penny Arcade Expo in Boston (PAX East), with their emphasis on co-operative gameplay as the principal addition over the original. Title: Dice Passage: Opposite sides of a modern die traditionally add up to seven, implying that the 1, 2 and 3 faces share a vertex. The faces of a die may be placed clockwise or counterclockwise about this vertex. If the 1, 2 and 3 faces run counterclockwise, the die is called ``right - handed '', and if those faces run clockwise, the die is called`` left - handed''. Western dice are normally right - handed, and Chinese dice are normally left - handed. Title: Caesar Must Die Passage: Caesar Must Die () is a 2012 Italian drama film directed by Paolo and Vittorio Taviani. The film competed at the 62nd Berlin International Film Festival where it won the Golden Bear. The film is set in Rebibbia Prison (suburb of Rome), and follows convicts in their rehearsals ahead of a prison performance of "Julius Caesar". Title: Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas Passage: Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas is a video game developed by n-Space and published by Fox Interactive for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation in 2000. It is a sequel to "Die Hard Trilogy", which was based on the "Die Hard" series of action movies. Like its predecessor, the game features three distinct genres; a third-person shooter, a light gun game, and an action driving game. However, unlike "Die Hard Trilogy", which featured three separate storylines based on the first three "Die Hard" films, "Die Hard Trilogy 2" features a single original storyline that alternates between the three genres throughout the levels. Title: Battle of Soltau Passage: The Battle of Soltau () took place on 28 June 1519 and was the military climax of the Hildesheim Diocesan Feud which lasted from 1519–1523. Some sources describe it as "the last knights' battle" ("Die letzte Ritterschlacht"). Title: North Carolina Passage: Confederate troops from all parts of North Carolina served in virtually all the major battles of the Army of Northern Virginia, the Confederacy's most famous army. The largest battle fought in North Carolina was at Bentonville, which was a futile attempt by Confederate General Joseph Johnston to slow Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's advance through the Carolinas in the spring of 1865. In April 1865, after losing the Battle of Morrisville, Johnston surrendered to Sherman at Bennett Place, in what is today Durham. North Carolina's port city of Wilmington was the last Confederate port to fall to the Union, in February 1865, after the Union won the nearby Second Battle of Fort Fisher, its major defense downriver. Title: Battle of Bolia Passage: The Battle of Bolia, was a battle in 469 between the Ostrogoths (Amal Goths) and a coalition of Germanic tribes in the Roman province of Pannonia. It was fought on the south side of the Danube near its confluence with the river Bolia, in present-day Hungary. The Ostrogoths won, achieving supremacy in Pannonia, but soon migrated south towards richer lands.	[ "Battle of the Hydaspes", "Hellenistic period" ]
2hop__84971_67668	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Neil Patrick Harris as Count Olaf, an actor determined to claim the Baudelaire fortune for himself. He has one eyebrow and a tattoo resembling an eye on his left ankle, which is frequently used to identify him when he is disguised.", "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Meet the Parents is a 2000 American comedy written by Jim Herzfeld and John Hamburg and directed by Jay Roach. Starring Robert De Niro and Ben Stiller, the film chronicles a series of unfortunate events that befall a good-hearted but hapless nurse while visiting his girlfriend's parents. Teri Polo, Blythe Danner, and Owen Wilson also star.", "title": "Meet the Parents" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Samira Wiley (born April 15, 1987) is an American actress and model. She is best known for playing Poussey Washington in the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black and for playing Moira in the Hulu series The Handmaid's Tale, for which she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.", "title": "Samira Wiley" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dascha Polanco, born December 3, 1982, is a Dominican American actress. She is known for playing the character Dayanara Diaz on the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black.", "title": "Dascha Polanco" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Samira Wiley (born April 15, 1987) is an American actress and model. She is best known for playing Poussey Washington in the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black and for playing Moira in the Hulu series The Handmaid's Tale. She was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for the latter role.", "title": "Samira Wiley" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The third season of the series premiered in France on September 2, 2017. Season 3 premiered on Netflix worldwide on April 6, 2018. The release was originally planned for April 1, but was delayed to avoid conflicts with the Easter holiday weekend and the respective holiday event in the Wakfu game.", "title": "Wakfu (TV series)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Neil Patrick Harris (born June 15, 1973) is an American actor, writer, producer, comedian, magician, and singer. He is known primarily for his comedy roles on television and his dramatic and musical stage roles. On television, he is known for playing the title character on Doogie Howser, M.D. (1989 -- 1993), Barney Stinson on How I Met Your Mother (2005 -- 2014, for which he was nominated for four Emmy Awards), and Count Olaf in A Series of Unfortunate Events (2017 -- present).", "title": "Neil Patrick Harris" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the Netflix TV series, Esmé is portrayed by Lucy Punch. She is said to be the original owner of the mysterious sugar bowl which was stolen from her by Lemony Snicket and Beatrice Baudelaire. Unlike the books, Esmé is shown to be strong enough to carry an unconscious Jerome back to her apartment. After she and Count Olaf fight in ``The Vile Village '', Esmé begins to be much more interested in recovering this bowl than assisting Count Olaf in kidnapping the Baudelaires until he leads her to believe the Baudelaires have the bowl. In`` The Hostile Hospital,'' Esmé poses as a nurse where she says that her name is Nurse Cassandra Ursula Terrific Elliandra - before the rest of the name is cut off by Count Olaf in his alias of Mattathias Medicalschool.", "title": "List of A Series of Unfortunate Events characters" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On December 12, 2016, Netflix announced they had canceled Marco Polo after two seasons. Sources told The Hollywood Reporter that the series' two seasons resulted in a $200 million loss for Netflix, and the decision to cancel the series was jointly taken by Netflix and The Weinstein Company.", "title": "Marco Polo (TV series)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Batman: Under the Red Hood is a 2010 American animated superhero direct - to - video film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and released by Warner Home Video. It is the eighth feature in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series. It was released on July 27, 2010. The film stars Bruce Greenwood as Bruce Wayne / Batman, Jensen Ackles as the Red Hood / Jason Todd, John DiMaggio as the Joker, Neil Patrick Harris as Nightwing / Dick Grayson, Jason Isaacs as Ra's al Ghul, and Wade Williams as Black Mask. The screenplay was written by Judd Winick, who also wrote the ``Under the Hood ''run in the monthly Batman comic.", "title": "Batman: Under the Red Hood" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lilla Crawford (born March 28, 2001) is an American actress best known for portraying the title role in the 2012 Broadway revival of Annie. She made her feature - film debut playing Little Red Riding Hood in the 2014 Disney film Into the Woods. Since 2017, Crawford has voiced the leading character in the Nickelodeon series Sunny Day.", "title": "Lilla Crawford" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greenhouse Academy is a tween drama television series released by Netflix. Based on the Israeli television series The Greenhouse (Ha - Hamama), created by Giora Chamizer, the series was adapted for international audiences by Chamizer and Paula Yoo. The first season of the series was released on Netflix on September 8, 2017. The second season was released on Netflix on February 14, 2018.", "title": "Greenhouse Academy" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Series of Unfortunate Events is a series of thirteen children's novels by Lemony Snicket, the pen name of American author Daniel Handler. Although they are classified ``children's novels, ''the books often have a dark, mysterious feeling to them, so there is no maximum age. The books follow the turbulent lives of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire. After their parents' death in a fire, the children are placed in the custody of a murderous relative, Count Olaf, who attempts to steal their inheritance and, later, orchestrates numerous disasters with the help of his accomplices as the children attempt to flee. As the plot progresses, the Baudelaires gradually confront further mysteries surrounding their family and deep conspiracies involving a secret society known as V.F.D., with connections to Olaf, their parents, and many other family relatives. The series is narrated by Lemony Snicket, who dedicates each of his works to his deceased love interest, Beatrice, and often attempts to dissuade the reader from reading the Baudelaires' story.", "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Patrick John Warburton (born November 14, 1964) is an American actor and voice artist. In television, he is known for playing David Puddy on Seinfeld, the title role on The Tick, Jeb Denton on Less Than Perfect, Jeff Bingham on Rules of Engagement, and Lemony Snicket on A Series of Unfortunate Events. His voice roles include Kronk in The Emperor's New Groove and its sequels, paraplegic police officer Joe Swanson on Family Guy, Brock Samson on The Venture Bros, Lok in the Tak and the Power of Juju video game series and in the television series, Sheriff Bronson Stone in Scooby - Doo! Mystery Incorporated, and Flynn in the Skylanders video games. In advertising he has played a ``control enthusiast ''in a series of commercials for National Car Rental.", "title": "Patrick Warburton" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Series of Unfortunate Events is a series of thirteen children's novels by Lemony Snicket, the pen name of American author Daniel Handler. Although they are classified ``children's novels, ''the books often have a dark, mysterious feeling to them, so there is no maximum age. The books follow the turbulent lives of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire. After their parents' death in a fire, the children are placed in the custody of a murderous relative, Count Olaf, who attempts to steal their inheritance and, later, orchestrates numerous disasters with the help of his accomplices as the children attempt to flee. As the plot progresses, the Baudelaires gradually confront further mysteries surrounding their family and deep conspiracies involving a secret society known as V.F.D., with connections to Olaf, their parents, and many other family relatives... The series is narrated by Lemony Snicket, who dedicates each of his works to his deceased love interest, Beatrice, and often attempts to dissuade the reader from reading the Baudelaires' story.", "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first season, which premiered on January 13, 2017, consists of eight episodes and adapts the first four books of the series. The second season was ordered in March 2017 and released on March 30, 2018. A Series of Unfortunate Events was renewed for a third season in April 2017, which will consist of seven episodes and adapt the remaining four books.", "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daniel Handler (born February 28, 1970) is an American writer and musician. He is best known for his children's series A Series of Unfortunate Events and All the Wrong Questions, published under the pseudonym Lemony Snicket. The former was adapted into a Nickelodeon film in 2004, and a Netflix series from 2017 onwards.", "title": "Daniel Handler" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The White Viking (alternative title Embla, , ) is a 1991 film set in Norway and Iceland during the reign of Olaf I of Norway. The film loosely follows actual events.", "title": "The White Viking" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The series is a co-production between City and Netflix, which distributes the series outside Canada as a Netflix Original Series. The series was renewed for a second season on July 8, 2015, which premiered on June 30, 2016.", "title": "Between (TV series)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Patrick John Warburton (born November 14, 1964) is an American actor. In television, he is known for playing David Puddy on Seinfeld, the title role on The Tick, Jeb Denton on Less Than Perfect, Jeff Bingham on Rules of Engagement, and Lemony Snicket on A Series of Unfortunate Events. His voice roles include Kronk in The Emperor's New Groove and its sequels, paraplegic police officer Joe Swanson on Family Guy, Brock Samson on The Venture Bros, Lok in the Tak and the Power of Juju video game series and in the television series and Flynn in Skylanders video games. In advertising he has played a ``control enthusiast ''in a series of commercials for National Car Rental.", "title": "Patrick Warburton" } ]	The actor who plays Count Olaf in "A Series of Unfortunate Events" also plays which character in Batman Under the Red Hood?	Nightwing / Dick Grayson	[ "Nightwing", "Dick Grayson", "Batman" ]	Title: Greenhouse Academy Passage: Greenhouse Academy is a tween drama television series released by Netflix. Based on the Israeli television series The Greenhouse (Ha - Hamama), created by Giora Chamizer, the series was adapted for international audiences by Chamizer and Paula Yoo. The first season of the series was released on Netflix on September 8, 2017. The second season was released on Netflix on February 14, 2018. Title: Daniel Handler Passage: Daniel Handler (born February 28, 1970) is an American writer and musician. He is best known for his children's series A Series of Unfortunate Events and All the Wrong Questions, published under the pseudonym Lemony Snicket. The former was adapted into a Nickelodeon film in 2004, and a Netflix series from 2017 onwards. Title: A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series) Passage: The first season, which premiered on January 13, 2017, consists of eight episodes and adapts the first four books of the series. The second season was ordered in March 2017 and released on March 30, 2018. A Series of Unfortunate Events was renewed for a third season in April 2017, which will consist of seven episodes and adapt the remaining four books. Title: Samira Wiley Passage: Samira Wiley (born April 15, 1987) is an American actress and model. She is best known for playing Poussey Washington in the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black and for playing Moira in the Hulu series The Handmaid's Tale, for which she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. Title: Samira Wiley Passage: Samira Wiley (born April 15, 1987) is an American actress and model. She is best known for playing Poussey Washington in the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black and for playing Moira in the Hulu series The Handmaid's Tale. She was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for the latter role. Title: List of A Series of Unfortunate Events characters Passage: In the Netflix TV series, Esmé is portrayed by Lucy Punch. She is said to be the original owner of the mysterious sugar bowl which was stolen from her by Lemony Snicket and Beatrice Baudelaire. Unlike the books, Esmé is shown to be strong enough to carry an unconscious Jerome back to her apartment. After she and Count Olaf fight in ``The Vile Village '', Esmé begins to be much more interested in recovering this bowl than assisting Count Olaf in kidnapping the Baudelaires until he leads her to believe the Baudelaires have the bowl. In`` The Hostile Hospital,'' Esmé poses as a nurse where she says that her name is Nurse Cassandra Ursula Terrific Elliandra - before the rest of the name is cut off by Count Olaf in his alias of Mattathias Medicalschool. Title: Lilla Crawford Passage: Lilla Crawford (born March 28, 2001) is an American actress best known for portraying the title role in the 2012 Broadway revival of Annie. She made her feature - film debut playing Little Red Riding Hood in the 2014 Disney film Into the Woods. Since 2017, Crawford has voiced the leading character in the Nickelodeon series Sunny Day. Title: Marco Polo (TV series) Passage: On December 12, 2016, Netflix announced they had canceled Marco Polo after two seasons. Sources told The Hollywood Reporter that the series' two seasons resulted in a $200 million loss for Netflix, and the decision to cancel the series was jointly taken by Netflix and The Weinstein Company. Title: Between (TV series) Passage: The series is a co-production between City and Netflix, which distributes the series outside Canada as a Netflix Original Series. The series was renewed for a second season on July 8, 2015, which premiered on June 30, 2016. Title: Batman: Under the Red Hood Passage: Batman: Under the Red Hood is a 2010 American animated superhero direct - to - video film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and released by Warner Home Video. It is the eighth feature in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series. It was released on July 27, 2010. The film stars Bruce Greenwood as Bruce Wayne / Batman, Jensen Ackles as the Red Hood / Jason Todd, John DiMaggio as the Joker, Neil Patrick Harris as Nightwing / Dick Grayson, Jason Isaacs as Ra's al Ghul, and Wade Williams as Black Mask. The screenplay was written by Judd Winick, who also wrote the ``Under the Hood ''run in the monthly Batman comic. Title: Patrick Warburton Passage: Patrick John Warburton (born November 14, 1964) is an American actor. In television, he is known for playing David Puddy on Seinfeld, the title role on The Tick, Jeb Denton on Less Than Perfect, Jeff Bingham on Rules of Engagement, and Lemony Snicket on A Series of Unfortunate Events. His voice roles include Kronk in The Emperor's New Groove and its sequels, paraplegic police officer Joe Swanson on Family Guy, Brock Samson on The Venture Bros, Lok in the Tak and the Power of Juju video game series and in the television series and Flynn in Skylanders video games. In advertising he has played a ``control enthusiast ''in a series of commercials for National Car Rental. Title: A Series of Unfortunate Events Passage: A Series of Unfortunate Events is a series of thirteen children's novels by Lemony Snicket, the pen name of American author Daniel Handler. Although they are classified ``children's novels, ''the books often have a dark, mysterious feeling to them, so there is no maximum age. The books follow the turbulent lives of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire. After their parents' death in a fire, the children are placed in the custody of a murderous relative, Count Olaf, who attempts to steal their inheritance and, later, orchestrates numerous disasters with the help of his accomplices as the children attempt to flee. As the plot progresses, the Baudelaires gradually confront further mysteries surrounding their family and deep conspiracies involving a secret society known as V.F.D., with connections to Olaf, their parents, and many other family relatives. The series is narrated by Lemony Snicket, who dedicates each of his works to his deceased love interest, Beatrice, and often attempts to dissuade the reader from reading the Baudelaires' story. Title: Patrick Warburton Passage: Patrick John Warburton (born November 14, 1964) is an American actor and voice artist. In television, he is known for playing David Puddy on Seinfeld, the title role on The Tick, Jeb Denton on Less Than Perfect, Jeff Bingham on Rules of Engagement, and Lemony Snicket on A Series of Unfortunate Events. His voice roles include Kronk in The Emperor's New Groove and its sequels, paraplegic police officer Joe Swanson on Family Guy, Brock Samson on The Venture Bros, Lok in the Tak and the Power of Juju video game series and in the television series, Sheriff Bronson Stone in Scooby - Doo! Mystery Incorporated, and Flynn in the Skylanders video games. In advertising he has played a ``control enthusiast ''in a series of commercials for National Car Rental. Title: Neil Patrick Harris Passage: Neil Patrick Harris (born June 15, 1973) is an American actor, writer, producer, comedian, magician, and singer. He is known primarily for his comedy roles on television and his dramatic and musical stage roles. On television, he is known for playing the title character on Doogie Howser, M.D. (1989 -- 1993), Barney Stinson on How I Met Your Mother (2005 -- 2014, for which he was nominated for four Emmy Awards), and Count Olaf in A Series of Unfortunate Events (2017 -- present). Title: Wakfu (TV series) Passage: The third season of the series premiered in France on September 2, 2017. Season 3 premiered on Netflix worldwide on April 6, 2018. The release was originally planned for April 1, but was delayed to avoid conflicts with the Easter holiday weekend and the respective holiday event in the Wakfu game. Title: A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series) Passage: Neil Patrick Harris as Count Olaf, an actor determined to claim the Baudelaire fortune for himself. He has one eyebrow and a tattoo resembling an eye on his left ankle, which is frequently used to identify him when he is disguised. Title: Dascha Polanco Passage: Dascha Polanco, born December 3, 1982, is a Dominican American actress. She is known for playing the character Dayanara Diaz on the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black. Title: The White Viking Passage: The White Viking (alternative title Embla, , ) is a 1991 film set in Norway and Iceland during the reign of Olaf I of Norway. The film loosely follows actual events. Title: A Series of Unfortunate Events Passage: A Series of Unfortunate Events is a series of thirteen children's novels by Lemony Snicket, the pen name of American author Daniel Handler. Although they are classified ``children's novels, ''the books often have a dark, mysterious feeling to them, so there is no maximum age. The books follow the turbulent lives of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire. After their parents' death in a fire, the children are placed in the custody of a murderous relative, Count Olaf, who attempts to steal their inheritance and, later, orchestrates numerous disasters with the help of his accomplices as the children attempt to flee. As the plot progresses, the Baudelaires gradually confront further mysteries surrounding their family and deep conspiracies involving a secret society known as V.F.D., with connections to Olaf, their parents, and many other family relatives... The series is narrated by Lemony Snicket, who dedicates each of his works to his deceased love interest, Beatrice, and often attempts to dissuade the reader from reading the Baudelaires' story. Title: Meet the Parents Passage: Meet the Parents is a 2000 American comedy written by Jim Herzfeld and John Hamburg and directed by Jay Roach. Starring Robert De Niro and Ben Stiller, the film chronicles a series of unfortunate events that befall a good-hearted but hapless nurse while visiting his girlfriend's parents. Teri Polo, Blythe Danner, and Owen Wilson also star.	[ "A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)", "Batman: Under the Red Hood" ]
2hop__35686_58556	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ben Goldacre has argued that regulators – such as the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in the UK, or the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States – advance the interests of the drug companies rather than the interests of the public due to revolving door exchange of employees between the regulator and the companies and friendships develop between regulator and company employees. He argues that regulators do not require that new drugs offer an improvement over what is already available, or even that they be particularly effective.", "title": "Pharmaceutical industry" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) was signed into law by President Barack Obama on January 4, 2011. The FSMA has given the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) new authorities to regulate the way foods are grown, harvested and processed. The law grants the FDA a number of new powers, including mandatory recall authority, which the agency has sought for many years. The FSMA requires the FDA to undertake more than a dozen rulemakings and issue at least 10 guidance documents, as well as a host of reports, plans, strategies, standards, notices, and other tasks.", "title": "FDA Food Safety Modernization Act" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) is an agency in the United States Department of Transportation that regulates the trucking industry in the United States. The primary mission of the FMCSA is to reduce crashes, injuries and fatalities involving large trucks and buses.", "title": "Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The temperature range in which food - borne bacteria can grow is known as the danger zone. Food safety agencies, such as the United States' Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), define the danger zone as roughly 5 to 60 ° C (41 to 140 ° F). The FSIS stipulates that potentially hazardous food should not be stored at temperatures in this range in order to prevent foodborne illness (for example, a refrigerator's temperature must be kept below 4 ° C (40 ° F)), and that food that remains in this zone for more than two hours should not be consumed. Foodborne microorganisms grow much faster in the middle of the zone, at temperatures between 21 and 47 ° C (70 and 117 ° F).", "title": "Danger zone (food safety)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spurred by tetanus outbreaks and deaths caused by the distribution of contaminated smallpox vaccine and diphtheria antitoxin. The Biologics Control Act of 1902 required that federal government grant premarket approval for every biological drug and for the process and facility producing such drugs. This was followed in 1906 by the Pure Food and Drugs Act, which forbade the interstate distribution of adulterated or misbranded foods and drugs. A drug was considered misbranded if it contained alcohol, morphine, opium, cocaine, or any of several other potentially dangerous or addictive drugs, and if its label failed to indicate the quantity or proportion of such drugs. The government's attempts to use the law to prosecute manufacturers for making unsupported claims of efficacy were undercut by a Supreme Court ruling restricting the federal government's enforcement powers to cases of incorrect specification of the drug's ingredients.", "title": "Pharmaceutical industry" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Journal of Antibiotics is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by the Nature Publishing Group for the Japan Antibiotics Research Association", "title": "The Journal of Antibiotics" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (abbreviated as FFDCA, FDCA, or FD&C), is a set of laws passed by Congress in 1938 giving authority to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to oversee the safety of food, drugs, medical devices, and cosmetics. A principal author of this law was Royal S. Copeland, a three - term U.S. Senator from New York. In 1968, the Electronic Product Radiation Control provisions were added to the FD&C. Also in that year the FDA formed the Drug Efficacy Study Implementation (DESI) to incorporate into FD&C regulations the recommendations from a National Academy of Sciences investigation of effectiveness of previously marketed drugs. The act has been amended many times, most recently to add requirements about bioterrorism preparations.", "title": "Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There has been extensive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. In the United States, the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains due to use of antibiotics in livestock was raised by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1977. In March 2012, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, ruling in an action brought by the Natural Resources Defense Council and others, ordered the FDA to revoke approvals for the use of antibiotics in livestock, which violated FDA regulations.", "title": "Antibiotic" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New security features in Windows 8 include two new authentication methods tailored towards touchscreens (PINs and picture passwords), the addition of antivirus capabilities to Windows Defender (bringing it in parity with Microsoft Security Essentials). SmartScreen filtering integrated into Windows, Family Safety offers Parental controls, which allows parents to monitor and manage their children's activities on a device with activity reports and safety controls. Windows 8 also provides integrated system recovery through the new \"Refresh\" and \"Reset\" functions, including system recovery from USB drive. Windows 8's first security patches would be released on November 13, 2012; it would contain three fixes deemed \"critical\" by the company.", "title": "Windows 8" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hunting is primarily regulated by state law; additional regulations are imposed through United States environmental law in the case of migratory birds and endangered species. Regulations vary widely from state to state and govern the areas, time periods, techniques and methods by which specific game animals may be hunted. Some states make a distinction between protected species and unprotected species (often vermin or varmints for which there are no hunting regulations). Hunters of protected species require a hunting license in all states, for which completion of a hunting safety course is sometimes a prerequisite.", "title": "Hunting" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Others have argued that excessive regulation suppresses therapeutic innovation, and that the current cost of regulator-required clinical trials prevents the full exploitation of new genetic and biological knowledge for the treatment of human disease. A 2012 report by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology made several key recommendations to reduce regulatory burdens to new drug development, including 1) expanding the FDA's use of accelerated approval processes, 2) creating an expedited approval pathway for drugs intended for use in narrowly defined populations, and 3) undertaking pilot projects designed to evaluate the feasibility of a new, adaptive drug approval process.", "title": "Pharmaceutical industry" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A number of medications are being studied for multi drug resistant tuberculosis including: bedaquiline and delamanid. Bedaquiline received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in late 2012. The safety and effectiveness of these new agents are still uncertain, because they are based on the results of a relatively small studies. However, existing data suggest that patients taking bedaquiline in addition to standard TB therapy are five times more likely to die than those without the new drug, which has resulted in medical journal articles raising health policy questions about why the FDA approved the drug and whether financial ties to the company making bedaquiline influenced physicians' support for its use", "title": "Tuberculosis" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The FAR System regulates the activities of government personnel in carrying out that process. The FAR System is codified at Title 48, Chapter 1 of the Code of Federal Regulations. These requirements can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations at 48 C.F.R. 31.", "title": "Federal Acquisition Regulation" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first genetically modified plant was produced in 1983, using an antibiotic - resistant tobacco plant. Genetically modified microbial enzymes were the first application of genetically modified organisms in food production and were approved in 1988 by the US Food and Drug Administration. In the early 1990s, recombinant chymosin was approved for use in several countries. Cheese had typically been made using the enzyme complex rennet that had been extracted from cows' stomach lining. Scientists modified bacteria to produce chymosin, which was also able to clot milk, resulting in cheese curds.", "title": "Genetically modified food" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American Medical Association (AMA)) have called for restrictions on antibiotic use in food animal production and an end to all nontherapeutic uses.[citation needed] However, commonly there are delays in regulatory and legislative actions to limit the use of antibiotics, attributable partly to resistance against such regulation by industries using or selling antibiotics, and to the time required for research to test causal links between their use and resistance to them. Two federal bills (S.742 and H.R. 2562) aimed at phasing out nontherapeutic use of antibiotics in US food animals were proposed, but have not passed. These bills were endorsed by public health and medical organizations, including the American Holistic Nurses' Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association (APHA).", "title": "Antibiotic" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Possible improvements include clarification of clinical trial regulations by FDA. Furthermore, appropriate economic incentives could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in this endeavor. Antibiotic Development to Advance Patient Treatment (ADAPT) Act aims to fast track the drug development to combat the growing threat of 'superbugs'. Under this Act, FDA can approve antibiotics and antifungals treating life-threatening infections based on smaller clinical trials. The CDC will monitor the use of antibiotics and the emerging resistance, and publish the data. The FDA antibiotics labeling process, 'Susceptibility Test Interpretive Criteria for Microbial Organisms' or 'breakpoints', will provide accurate data to healthcare professionals. According to Allan Coukell, senior director for health programs at The Pew Charitable Trusts, \"By allowing drug developers to rely on smaller datasets, and clarifying FDA's authority to tolerate a higher level of uncertainty for these drugs when making a risk/benefit calculation, ADAPT would make the clinical trials more feasible.\"", "title": "Antibiotic" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating wounds and ulcers during World War II. Gramicidin, however, could not be used systemically because of toxicity. Tyrocidine also proved too toxic for systemic usage. Research results obtained during that period were not shared between the Axis and the Allied powers during the war.", "title": "Antibiotic" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Indian food security system, established by the Government of India under Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution is to distribute subsidized food and non-food items to India's poor. This scheme was first launched in February 1944, during the Second World War and was launched in the current form in June 1947. Major commodities distributed include staple food grains, such as wheat, rice, sugar and kerosene, through a network of fair price shops (also known as ration shops) established in several states across the country. Food Corporation of India, a Government - owned corporation, procures and maintains the PDS.", "title": "Public distribution system" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first approved oxygen - carrying blood substitute was a perfluorocarbon - based product called Fluosol - DA - 20, manufactured by Green Cross of Japan. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1989. Because of limited success, complexity of use and side effects, it was withdrawn in 1994. However, Fluosol - DA remains the only oxygen therapeutic ever fully approved by the FDA. As of 2017 no haemoglobin - based product had been approved.", "title": "Blood substitute" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Permanent Settlement was introduced first in Bengal and Bihar, and then in the south district of Madras and Varanasi. The system eventually spread all over northern India by a series of regulations dated 1 May 1793. These regulations remained in place until the Charter Act of 1833. The other two systems prevalent in India were The Ryotwari System and The Mahalwari System.", "title": "Permanent Settlement" } ]	What is the food safety system of the antibiotic approval agency known as?	Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA)	[]	Title: Antibiotic Passage: In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating wounds and ulcers during World War II. Gramicidin, however, could not be used systemically because of toxicity. Tyrocidine also proved too toxic for systemic usage. Research results obtained during that period were not shared between the Axis and the Allied powers during the war. Title: FDA Food Safety Modernization Act Passage: The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) was signed into law by President Barack Obama on January 4, 2011. The FSMA has given the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) new authorities to regulate the way foods are grown, harvested and processed. The law grants the FDA a number of new powers, including mandatory recall authority, which the agency has sought for many years. The FSMA requires the FDA to undertake more than a dozen rulemakings and issue at least 10 guidance documents, as well as a host of reports, plans, strategies, standards, notices, and other tasks. Title: Hunting Passage: Hunting is primarily regulated by state law; additional regulations are imposed through United States environmental law in the case of migratory birds and endangered species. Regulations vary widely from state to state and govern the areas, time periods, techniques and methods by which specific game animals may be hunted. Some states make a distinction between protected species and unprotected species (often vermin or varmints for which there are no hunting regulations). Hunters of protected species require a hunting license in all states, for which completion of a hunting safety course is sometimes a prerequisite. Title: Danger zone (food safety) Passage: The temperature range in which food - borne bacteria can grow is known as the danger zone. Food safety agencies, such as the United States' Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), define the danger zone as roughly 5 to 60 ° C (41 to 140 ° F). The FSIS stipulates that potentially hazardous food should not be stored at temperatures in this range in order to prevent foodborne illness (for example, a refrigerator's temperature must be kept below 4 ° C (40 ° F)), and that food that remains in this zone for more than two hours should not be consumed. Foodborne microorganisms grow much faster in the middle of the zone, at temperatures between 21 and 47 ° C (70 and 117 ° F). Title: The Journal of Antibiotics Passage: The Journal of Antibiotics is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by the Nature Publishing Group for the Japan Antibiotics Research Association Title: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Passage: The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) is an agency in the United States Department of Transportation that regulates the trucking industry in the United States. The primary mission of the FMCSA is to reduce crashes, injuries and fatalities involving large trucks and buses. Title: Blood substitute Passage: The first approved oxygen - carrying blood substitute was a perfluorocarbon - based product called Fluosol - DA - 20, manufactured by Green Cross of Japan. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1989. Because of limited success, complexity of use and side effects, it was withdrawn in 1994. However, Fluosol - DA remains the only oxygen therapeutic ever fully approved by the FDA. As of 2017 no haemoglobin - based product had been approved. Title: Windows 8 Passage: New security features in Windows 8 include two new authentication methods tailored towards touchscreens (PINs and picture passwords), the addition of antivirus capabilities to Windows Defender (bringing it in parity with Microsoft Security Essentials). SmartScreen filtering integrated into Windows, Family Safety offers Parental controls, which allows parents to monitor and manage their children's activities on a device with activity reports and safety controls. Windows 8 also provides integrated system recovery through the new "Refresh" and "Reset" functions, including system recovery from USB drive. Windows 8's first security patches would be released on November 13, 2012; it would contain three fixes deemed "critical" by the company. Title: Antibiotic Passage: Possible improvements include clarification of clinical trial regulations by FDA. Furthermore, appropriate economic incentives could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in this endeavor. Antibiotic Development to Advance Patient Treatment (ADAPT) Act aims to fast track the drug development to combat the growing threat of 'superbugs'. Under this Act, FDA can approve antibiotics and antifungals treating life-threatening infections based on smaller clinical trials. The CDC will monitor the use of antibiotics and the emerging resistance, and publish the data. The FDA antibiotics labeling process, 'Susceptibility Test Interpretive Criteria for Microbial Organisms' or 'breakpoints', will provide accurate data to healthcare professionals. According to Allan Coukell, senior director for health programs at The Pew Charitable Trusts, "By allowing drug developers to rely on smaller datasets, and clarifying FDA's authority to tolerate a higher level of uncertainty for these drugs when making a risk/benefit calculation, ADAPT would make the clinical trials more feasible." Title: Pharmaceutical industry Passage: Ben Goldacre has argued that regulators – such as the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in the UK, or the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States – advance the interests of the drug companies rather than the interests of the public due to revolving door exchange of employees between the regulator and the companies and friendships develop between regulator and company employees. He argues that regulators do not require that new drugs offer an improvement over what is already available, or even that they be particularly effective. Title: Genetically modified food Passage: The first genetically modified plant was produced in 1983, using an antibiotic - resistant tobacco plant. Genetically modified microbial enzymes were the first application of genetically modified organisms in food production and were approved in 1988 by the US Food and Drug Administration. In the early 1990s, recombinant chymosin was approved for use in several countries. Cheese had typically been made using the enzyme complex rennet that had been extracted from cows' stomach lining. Scientists modified bacteria to produce chymosin, which was also able to clot milk, resulting in cheese curds. Title: Federal Acquisition Regulation Passage: The FAR System regulates the activities of government personnel in carrying out that process. The FAR System is codified at Title 48, Chapter 1 of the Code of Federal Regulations. These requirements can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations at 48 C.F.R. 31. Title: Permanent Settlement Passage: The Permanent Settlement was introduced first in Bengal and Bihar, and then in the south district of Madras and Varanasi. The system eventually spread all over northern India by a series of regulations dated 1 May 1793. These regulations remained in place until the Charter Act of 1833. The other two systems prevalent in India were The Ryotwari System and The Mahalwari System. Title: Antibiotic Passage: The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American Medical Association (AMA)) have called for restrictions on antibiotic use in food animal production and an end to all nontherapeutic uses.[citation needed] However, commonly there are delays in regulatory and legislative actions to limit the use of antibiotics, attributable partly to resistance against such regulation by industries using or selling antibiotics, and to the time required for research to test causal links between their use and resistance to them. Two federal bills (S.742 and H.R. 2562) aimed at phasing out nontherapeutic use of antibiotics in US food animals were proposed, but have not passed. These bills were endorsed by public health and medical organizations, including the American Holistic Nurses' Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association (APHA). Title: Public distribution system Passage: Indian food security system, established by the Government of India under Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution is to distribute subsidized food and non-food items to India's poor. This scheme was first launched in February 1944, during the Second World War and was launched in the current form in June 1947. Major commodities distributed include staple food grains, such as wheat, rice, sugar and kerosene, through a network of fair price shops (also known as ration shops) established in several states across the country. Food Corporation of India, a Government - owned corporation, procures and maintains the PDS. Title: Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act Passage: The United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (abbreviated as FFDCA, FDCA, or FD&C), is a set of laws passed by Congress in 1938 giving authority to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to oversee the safety of food, drugs, medical devices, and cosmetics. A principal author of this law was Royal S. Copeland, a three - term U.S. Senator from New York. In 1968, the Electronic Product Radiation Control provisions were added to the FD&C. Also in that year the FDA formed the Drug Efficacy Study Implementation (DESI) to incorporate into FD&C regulations the recommendations from a National Academy of Sciences investigation of effectiveness of previously marketed drugs. The act has been amended many times, most recently to add requirements about bioterrorism preparations. Title: Antibiotic Passage: There has been extensive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. In the United States, the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains due to use of antibiotics in livestock was raised by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1977. In March 2012, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, ruling in an action brought by the Natural Resources Defense Council and others, ordered the FDA to revoke approvals for the use of antibiotics in livestock, which violated FDA regulations. Title: Tuberculosis Passage: A number of medications are being studied for multi drug resistant tuberculosis including: bedaquiline and delamanid. Bedaquiline received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in late 2012. The safety and effectiveness of these new agents are still uncertain, because they are based on the results of a relatively small studies. However, existing data suggest that patients taking bedaquiline in addition to standard TB therapy are five times more likely to die than those without the new drug, which has resulted in medical journal articles raising health policy questions about why the FDA approved the drug and whether financial ties to the company making bedaquiline influenced physicians' support for its use Title: Pharmaceutical industry Passage: Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spurred by tetanus outbreaks and deaths caused by the distribution of contaminated smallpox vaccine and diphtheria antitoxin. The Biologics Control Act of 1902 required that federal government grant premarket approval for every biological drug and for the process and facility producing such drugs. This was followed in 1906 by the Pure Food and Drugs Act, which forbade the interstate distribution of adulterated or misbranded foods and drugs. A drug was considered misbranded if it contained alcohol, morphine, opium, cocaine, or any of several other potentially dangerous or addictive drugs, and if its label failed to indicate the quantity or proportion of such drugs. The government's attempts to use the law to prosecute manufacturers for making unsupported claims of efficacy were undercut by a Supreme Court ruling restricting the federal government's enforcement powers to cases of incorrect specification of the drug's ingredients. Title: Pharmaceutical industry Passage: Others have argued that excessive regulation suppresses therapeutic innovation, and that the current cost of regulator-required clinical trials prevents the full exploitation of new genetic and biological knowledge for the treatment of human disease. A 2012 report by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology made several key recommendations to reduce regulatory burdens to new drug development, including 1) expanding the FDA's use of accelerated approval processes, 2) creating an expedited approval pathway for drugs intended for use in narrowly defined populations, and 3) undertaking pilot projects designed to evaluate the feasibility of a new, adaptive drug approval process.	[ "FDA Food Safety Modernization Act", "Antibiotic" ]
2hop__175175_347233	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "title": "Tumaraa" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sicilian pizza is pizza prepared in a manner that originated in Sicily, Italy. Sicilian pizza is also known as \"sfincione\" or focaccia with toppings. In the United States, the phrase \"Sicilian pizza\" is often synonymous with thick-crust pizza derived from the Sicilian \"sfincione\" .This type of pizza became a popular dish in western Sicily by the mid-19th century and was the type of pizza usually consumed in Sicily until the 1860s. The version with tomatoes was not available prior to the 17th century. It eventually reached North America in a slightly altered form, with thicker crust and a rectangular shape.", "title": "Sicilian pizza" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tathlina Lake is a large, shallow lake, located in the Northwest Territories, Canada. An outcropping of the Kakisa Formation occurs along the side of this lake.", "title": "Tathlina Lake" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chumak () is a Swedish-Ukrainian food processing company located in Kakhovka, Kherson Oblast. It is today one of Ukraine's biggest food processing companies and has commercial offices in Kiev, Minsk and Moscow. Among its products are ketchup, mayonnaise, pasta, salad dressings, cooking sauces, canned vegetables, marinated vegetables, tomato juice and sunflower oil. Chumak is the largest tomato processing company in Central and Eastern Europe. The company currently (2010) employs about 1200 people and has a revenue of about 48 million Euros.", "title": "Chumak (company)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fort Mitchell is a home rule-class city in Kenton County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 8,207 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Fort Mitchell, Kentucky" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population.", "title": "Krasnovishersky District" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henbury Meteorites Conservation Reserve is a protected area in the Northern Territory of Australia located in the locality of Ghan.", "title": "Henbury Meteorites Conservation Reserve" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney. The company is known for its Italian - American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts. Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015, and is a subsidiary of Yum! Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "title": "Pizza Hut" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Snappy Tomato Pizza is a pizza chain that started in Fort Mitchell, Kentucky, and has over 60 locations nationwide. Its headquarters are in Burlington, Kentucky. The chain specializes in pizza, but also serves calzones, hoagies, salads, pasta, dessert and appetizers.", "title": "Snappy Tomato Pizza" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "title": "States of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Homewood is a small unincorporated community in Horry County, South Carolina, United States, just north of Conway in the northeastern part of the state. Homewood is located at the junction of South Carolina Highway 319 and U.S. Highway 701. There is an elementary school in the community. Many of the inhabitants make a living from family farms, growing tobacco, corn, soybeans, and tomatoes.", "title": "Homewood, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "title": "Australia" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2010 United States tomato shortage was a shortage of tomatoes in the United States between March and April 2010 caused by unseasonably cold weather in Florida in January 2010 which destroyed 60-70% of the state's tomato crop. There was also a shortage of tomatoes over the new year holiday, caused by the Californian harvest finishing before the Florida harvest began.", "title": "2010 United States tomato shortage" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list.", "title": "Taputapuatea" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sant Martí d'Empúries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Empúries or Empòrion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Empúries moved to Castelló d'Empúries place less exposed to attack.", "title": "Sant Martí d'Empúries" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New Haven's greatest culinary claim to fame may be its pizza, which has been claimed to be among the best in the country, or even in the world. New Haven-style pizza, called \"apizza\" (pronounced ah-BEETS, [aˈpitts] in the original Italian dialect), made its debut at the iconic Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana (known as Pepe's) in 1925. Apizza is baked in coal- or wood-fired brick ovens, and is notable for its thin crust. Apizza may be red (with a tomato-based sauce) or white (with a sauce of garlic and olive oil), and pies ordered \"plain\" are made without the otherwise customary mozzarella cheese (originally smoked mozzarella, known as \"scamorza\" in Italian). A white clam pie is a well-known specialty of the restaurants on Wooster Street in the Little Italy section of New Haven, including Pepe's and Sally's Apizza (which opened in 1938). Modern Apizza on State Street, which opened in 1934, is also well-known.", "title": "New Haven, Connecticut" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kakisa Lake is a large lake located in the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is fed by the Kakisa River, and near to the community of Kakisa. An outcropping of the Kakisa Formation occurs along the side of this lake.", "title": "Kakisa Lake" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "title": "Minsk Region" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Motru Coal Mine is an open-pit mining exploitation, one of the largest in Romania located in Motru, Gorj County. The legal entity managing the Motru mine is the National Company of Lignite Oltenia which was set up in 1997.", "title": "Motru Coal Mine" } ]	In which county did Snappy Tomato Pizza form?	Kenton County	[ "Kenton County, Kentucky" ]	Title: Krasnovishersky District Passage: Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population. Title: Taputapuatea Passage: Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list. Title: Sant Martí d'Empúries Passage: Sant Martí d'Empúries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Empúries or Empòrion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Empúries moved to Castelló d'Empúries place less exposed to attack. Title: Tumaraa Passage: Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea. Title: 2010 United States tomato shortage Passage: The 2010 United States tomato shortage was a shortage of tomatoes in the United States between March and April 2010 caused by unseasonably cold weather in Florida in January 2010 which destroyed 60-70% of the state's tomato crop. There was also a shortage of tomatoes over the new year holiday, caused by the Californian harvest finishing before the Florida harvest began. Title: Fort Mitchell, Kentucky Passage: Fort Mitchell is a home rule-class city in Kenton County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 8,207 at the 2010 census. Title: New Haven, Connecticut Passage: New Haven's greatest culinary claim to fame may be its pizza, which has been claimed to be among the best in the country, or even in the world. New Haven-style pizza, called "apizza" (pronounced ah-BEETS, [aˈpitts] in the original Italian dialect), made its debut at the iconic Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana (known as Pepe's) in 1925. Apizza is baked in coal- or wood-fired brick ovens, and is notable for its thin crust. Apizza may be red (with a tomato-based sauce) or white (with a sauce of garlic and olive oil), and pies ordered "plain" are made without the otherwise customary mozzarella cheese (originally smoked mozzarella, known as "scamorza" in Italian). A white clam pie is a well-known specialty of the restaurants on Wooster Street in the Little Italy section of New Haven, including Pepe's and Sally's Apizza (which opened in 1938). Modern Apizza on State Street, which opened in 1934, is also well-known. Title: Motru Coal Mine Passage: Motru Coal Mine is an open-pit mining exploitation, one of the largest in Romania located in Motru, Gorj County. The legal entity managing the Motru mine is the National Company of Lignite Oltenia which was set up in 1997. Title: Snappy Tomato Pizza Passage: Snappy Tomato Pizza is a pizza chain that started in Fort Mitchell, Kentucky, and has over 60 locations nationwide. Its headquarters are in Burlington, Kentucky. The chain specializes in pizza, but also serves calzones, hoagies, salads, pasta, dessert and appetizers. Title: Henbury Meteorites Conservation Reserve Passage: Henbury Meteorites Conservation Reserve is a protected area in the Northern Territory of Australia located in the locality of Ghan. Title: Homewood, South Carolina Passage: Homewood is a small unincorporated community in Horry County, South Carolina, United States, just north of Conway in the northeastern part of the state. Homewood is located at the junction of South Carolina Highway 319 and U.S. Highway 701. There is an elementary school in the community. Many of the inhabitants make a living from family farms, growing tobacco, corn, soybeans, and tomatoes. Title: Sicilian pizza Passage: Sicilian pizza is pizza prepared in a manner that originated in Sicily, Italy. Sicilian pizza is also known as "sfincione" or focaccia with toppings. In the United States, the phrase "Sicilian pizza" is often synonymous with thick-crust pizza derived from the Sicilian "sfincione" .This type of pizza became a popular dish in western Sicily by the mid-19th century and was the type of pizza usually consumed in Sicily until the 1860s. The version with tomatoes was not available prior to the 17th century. It eventually reached North America in a slightly altered form, with thicker crust and a rectangular shape. Title: Kakisa Lake Passage: Kakisa Lake is a large lake located in the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is fed by the Kakisa River, and near to the community of Kakisa. An outcropping of the Kakisa Formation occurs along the side of this lake. Title: Australia Passage: Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales. Title: Chumak (company) Passage: Chumak () is a Swedish-Ukrainian food processing company located in Kakhovka, Kherson Oblast. It is today one of Ukraine's biggest food processing companies and has commercial offices in Kiev, Minsk and Moscow. Among its products are ketchup, mayonnaise, pasta, salad dressings, cooking sauces, canned vegetables, marinated vegetables, tomato juice and sunflower oil. Chumak is the largest tomato processing company in Central and Eastern Europe. The company currently (2010) employs about 1200 people and has a revenue of about 48 million Euros. Title: Federalism Passage: Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a "little constitution", called "organic law" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly. Title: States of Nigeria Passage: A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments. Title: Minsk Region Passage: Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, "Minskaja vobłasć" ; , "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500. Title: Pizza Hut Passage: Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney. The company is known for its Italian - American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts. Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015, and is a subsidiary of Yum! Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies. Title: Tathlina Lake Passage: Tathlina Lake is a large, shallow lake, located in the Northwest Territories, Canada. An outcropping of the Kakisa Formation occurs along the side of this lake.	[ "Fort Mitchell, Kentucky", "Snappy Tomato Pizza" ]
2hop__52283_75184	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giorgi Chantouria (, ; born January 23, 1989) is a former tennis player from Georgia, who played on the ITF Futures tournaments and Davis Cup.", "title": "Giorgi Chantouria" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Keba Paul Koulibaly is a Burkinabé football defender who plays for the Burkina Faso national football team. He plays as a centre back or a left back. He currently plays for ENPPI Club in Egypt.", "title": "Paul Koulibaly" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The \"Back to the Future\" franchise is an American science fiction–adventure comedy film series written and directed by Robert Zemeckis, produced by Bob Gale and Neil Canton for Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment, and distributed by Universal Pictures. The franchise follows the adventures of a high school student, Marty McFly (Michael J. Fox), and an eccentric scientist, Dr. Emmett L. Brown (Christopher Lloyd), as they use a DeLorean time machine to time travel to different periods in the history of Hill Valley, California.", "title": "Back to the Future (franchise)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Back to the Future Part II is a 1989 American science fiction film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Bob Gale. It is the sequel to the 1985 film Back to the Future and the second installment in the Back to the Future trilogy. The film stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Thomas F. Wilson, and Lea Thompson. In the plot, Marty McFly (Fox) and his friend Dr. Emmett ``Doc ''Brown (Lloyd) travel to 2015, where bully Biff Tannen (Wilson) steals Doc's DeLorean time machine and uses it to alter history for the worse.", "title": "Back to the Future Part II" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George Douglas McFly (portrayed by Crispin Glover in Back to the Future and by Jeffrey Weissman in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III and voiced by Michael X. Sommers in Back to the Future: The Game) is the father of Marty, Linda and Dave from the union with his wife Lorraine Baines McFly. Although he is one of the main characters in the first movie, George only makes cameos in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III.", "title": "List of Back to the Future characters" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fighting Tommy Riley is a 2004 American independent film that tells the story of Tommy Riley and Marty Goldberg, a boxer and his trainer, as they work to secure a title shot for Tommy. Their plans are complicated by the unrequited feelings Marty develops for Tommy. When a big-time promoter seeks to acquire Tommy's contract, Tommy endangers his future career because of his loyalty to Marty. Marty, seeing only one way to free Tommy to take his shot, takes his own life.", "title": "Fighting Tommy Riley" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Back to the Future was released on July 3, 1985 and it grossed over $381 million worldwide, becoming the highest - grossing film of 1985. It won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film, and the Academy Award for Best Sound Effects Editing. It received three Academy Award nominations, five BAFTA nominations, and four Golden Globe nominations, including Best Motion Picture (Musical or Comedy). In 2007, the Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry, and in June 2008 the American Film Institute's special AFI's 10 Top 10 designated it the 10th - best science fiction film. The film began a franchise including two sequels, Back to the Future Part II (1989) and Back to the Future Part III (1990), an animated series, theme park ride, and several video games.", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On October 26, 1985, Dr. Emmett Brown arrives in his flying time machine and persuades Marty McFly and his girlfriend, Jennifer Parker, to come back to the future with him to help their future children. Biff Tannen witnesses their departure. They arrive on October 21, 2015, where Doc electronically knocks out Jennifer and leaves her asleep in an alley, explaining that she should not have too much knowledge of future events. He has Marty pose as his own son and lookalike Marty Jr. to refuse an offer to participate in a robbery with Biff's grandson Griff, thus saving both of Marty's children from prison.", "title": "Back to the Future Part II" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The DeLorean time machine is a fictional automobile - based time travel device featured in the Back to the Future franchise. In the feature film series, Dr. Emmett Brown builds a time machine based on a DeLorean DMC - 12 car, to gain insights into history and the future. Instead, he ends up using it to travel over 130 years of Hill Valley history (from 1885 to 2015) with Marty McFly to change the past for the better and to undo the negative effects of time travel. One of the cars used in filming is on display at Universal Studios Hollywood.", "title": "DeLorean time machine" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Back to the Future is a 1985 American science - fiction adventure comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Zemeckis and Bob Gale. It stars Michael J. Fox as teenager Marty McFly, who is sent back in time to 1955, where he meets his future parents in high school and accidentally becomes his mother's romantic interest. Christopher Lloyd portrays the eccentric scientist Dr. Emmett ``Doc ''Brown, Marty's friend who helps him repair the damage to history by helping Marty cause his parents to fall in love. Marty and Doc must also find a way to return Marty to 1985.", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The DeLorean time machine is a fictional automobile - based time travel device featured in the Back to the Future franchise. In the feature film series, Dr. Emmett Brown builds a time machine based on a DeLorean DMC - 12 car, to gain insights into history and the future. Instead, he ends up using it to travel over 130 years of Hill Valley history (from 1885 to 2015) with Marty McFly to change the past for the better and to undo the negative effects of time travel. One of the cars used in filming is on display at Universal Studios Hollywood and the official Back to the Future DeLorean can be viewed at the Petersen Automotive Museum.", "title": "DeLorean time machine" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Back to the Future spent 11 weeks at number one. Gale recalled \"Our second weekend was higher than our first weekend, which is indicative of great word of mouth. National Lampoon's European Vacation came out in August and it kicked us out of number one for one week and then we were back to number one.\" The film went on to gross $210.61 million in North America and $178.5 million in foreign countries, accumulating a worldwide total of $389.1 million. Back to the Future had the fourth-highest opening weekend of 1985 and was the top-grossing film of the year. Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 59 million tickets in the United States.", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Martin Seamus ``Marty ''McFly is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the Back to the Future trilogy. He is portrayed by actor Michael J. Fox. Marty also appears in the animated series, where he was voiced by David Kaufman. In the videogame by Telltale Games, he is voiced by A.J. Locascio; in addition, Fox voiced Marty's future counterparts at the end of the game. In 2008, Marty McFly was selected by Empire magazine as the 12th Greatest Movie Character of All Time.", "title": "Marty McFly" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Back to the Future Part III\" was filmed in California and Arizona, and was produced on a $40 million budget back-to-back with \"Part II\". \"Part III\" was released in the United States on May 25, 1990, six months after the previous installment. \"Part III\" earned $244.5 million worldwide, making it the sixth-highest-grossing film of 1990.", "title": "Back to the Future Part III" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Claudia Grace Wells (born July 5, 1966) is an American actress best known for her role as Jennifer Parker in the film Back to the Future (1985).", "title": "Claudia Wells" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The character was played by Claudia Wells in Back to the Future. However, Wells was not available to film the sequels for personal reasons, and the role was recast to Elisabeth Shue although Wells reprised her role as Jennifer in Back to the Future: The Game as a punk rock version of her character. Consequently, the opening scene of Back to the Future Part II was re-shot with Shue taking Wells' place, rather than using the ending of Back to the Future. In the spin - off Back to the Future: the Animated Series, Jennifer was voiced by Cathy Cavadini.", "title": "List of Back to the Future characters" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Several special - edition DMC - 12 cars have been produced over the years, and the car is most notably featured as the time machine in the Back to the Future film trilogy. Six DeLorean chassis were used during the production, along with one manufactured out of fiberglass for scenes where a full - size DeLorean was needed to ``fly ''on - screen; only three of the cars still exist, with one that was destroyed at the end of Back to the Future Part III, two additional were abandoned, and the fiberglass replica was scrapped. Universal Studios owns two of the remaining cars, occasionally putting them on display or using them for other productions, and the last resides in a private collection after having been extensively restored. Beginning April 20, 2016, the official Back to the Future DeLorean can be viewed at the Petersen Automotive Museum.", "title": "DMC DeLorean" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1989 film Back to the Future Part II depicts the Chicago Cubs defeating a baseball team from Miami in the 2015 World Series, ending the longest championship drought in all four of the major North American professional sports leagues. In 2015, the Miami Marlins failed to make the playoffs and were able to make it to the 2015 National League Wild Card round and move on to the 2015 National League Championship Series by October 21, 2015, the date where protagonist Marty McFly traveled to the future in the film. However, it was on October 21 that the Cubs were swept by the New York Mets in the NLCS.", "title": "Chicago Cubs" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Back to Black is the second and final studio album by English singer and songwriter Amy Winehouse, released on 27 October 2006 by Island Records. Winehouse predominantly based the album on her tumultuous relationship with then-ex-boyfriend and future husband Blake Fielder-Civil, who temporarily left her to pursue his previous ex-girlfriend. Their short-lived separation spurred her to create an album that explores the themes of guilt, grief, infidelity and heartbreak in a relationship.", "title": "Back to Black" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elisabeth Judson Shue (born October 6, 1963) is an American actress, known for her roles in the films The Karate Kid (1984), Adventures in Babysitting (1987), Cocktail (1988), Back to the Future Part II (1989), Back to the Future Part III (1990), Soapdish (1991), Leaving Las Vegas (1995), The Saint (1997), and Hollow Man (2000). She has won several acting awards and has been nominated for an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and a BAFTA. She starred as Julie Finlay in the CBS police drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation from 2012 to 2015.", "title": "Elisabeth Shue" } ]	Who play's Marty's girlfriend in back to the future?	Claudia Wells	[]	Title: Back to the Future Part II Passage: On October 26, 1985, Dr. Emmett Brown arrives in his flying time machine and persuades Marty McFly and his girlfriend, Jennifer Parker, to come back to the future with him to help their future children. Biff Tannen witnesses their departure. They arrive on October 21, 2015, where Doc electronically knocks out Jennifer and leaves her asleep in an alley, explaining that she should not have too much knowledge of future events. He has Marty pose as his own son and lookalike Marty Jr. to refuse an offer to participate in a robbery with Biff's grandson Griff, thus saving both of Marty's children from prison. Title: Back to the Future Passage: Back to the Future is a 1985 American science - fiction adventure comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Zemeckis and Bob Gale. It stars Michael J. Fox as teenager Marty McFly, who is sent back in time to 1955, where he meets his future parents in high school and accidentally becomes his mother's romantic interest. Christopher Lloyd portrays the eccentric scientist Dr. Emmett ``Doc ''Brown, Marty's friend who helps him repair the damage to history by helping Marty cause his parents to fall in love. Marty and Doc must also find a way to return Marty to 1985. Title: Back to the Future (franchise) Passage: The "Back to the Future" franchise is an American science fiction–adventure comedy film series written and directed by Robert Zemeckis, produced by Bob Gale and Neil Canton for Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment, and distributed by Universal Pictures. The franchise follows the adventures of a high school student, Marty McFly (Michael J. Fox), and an eccentric scientist, Dr. Emmett L. Brown (Christopher Lloyd), as they use a DeLorean time machine to time travel to different periods in the history of Hill Valley, California. Title: DeLorean time machine Passage: The DeLorean time machine is a fictional automobile - based time travel device featured in the Back to the Future franchise. In the feature film series, Dr. Emmett Brown builds a time machine based on a DeLorean DMC - 12 car, to gain insights into history and the future. Instead, he ends up using it to travel over 130 years of Hill Valley history (from 1885 to 2015) with Marty McFly to change the past for the better and to undo the negative effects of time travel. One of the cars used in filming is on display at Universal Studios Hollywood and the official Back to the Future DeLorean can be viewed at the Petersen Automotive Museum. Title: DMC DeLorean Passage: Several special - edition DMC - 12 cars have been produced over the years, and the car is most notably featured as the time machine in the Back to the Future film trilogy. Six DeLorean chassis were used during the production, along with one manufactured out of fiberglass for scenes where a full - size DeLorean was needed to ``fly ''on - screen; only three of the cars still exist, with one that was destroyed at the end of Back to the Future Part III, two additional were abandoned, and the fiberglass replica was scrapped. Universal Studios owns two of the remaining cars, occasionally putting them on display or using them for other productions, and the last resides in a private collection after having been extensively restored. Beginning April 20, 2016, the official Back to the Future DeLorean can be viewed at the Petersen Automotive Museum. Title: Marty McFly Passage: Martin Seamus ``Marty ''McFly is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the Back to the Future trilogy. He is portrayed by actor Michael J. Fox. Marty also appears in the animated series, where he was voiced by David Kaufman. In the videogame by Telltale Games, he is voiced by A.J. Locascio; in addition, Fox voiced Marty's future counterparts at the end of the game. In 2008, Marty McFly was selected by Empire magazine as the 12th Greatest Movie Character of All Time. Title: Fighting Tommy Riley Passage: Fighting Tommy Riley is a 2004 American independent film that tells the story of Tommy Riley and Marty Goldberg, a boxer and his trainer, as they work to secure a title shot for Tommy. Their plans are complicated by the unrequited feelings Marty develops for Tommy. When a big-time promoter seeks to acquire Tommy's contract, Tommy endangers his future career because of his loyalty to Marty. Marty, seeing only one way to free Tommy to take his shot, takes his own life. Title: Giorgi Chantouria Passage: Giorgi Chantouria (, ; born January 23, 1989) is a former tennis player from Georgia, who played on the ITF Futures tournaments and Davis Cup. Title: List of Back to the Future characters Passage: The character was played by Claudia Wells in Back to the Future. However, Wells was not available to film the sequels for personal reasons, and the role was recast to Elisabeth Shue although Wells reprised her role as Jennifer in Back to the Future: The Game as a punk rock version of her character. Consequently, the opening scene of Back to the Future Part II was re-shot with Shue taking Wells' place, rather than using the ending of Back to the Future. In the spin - off Back to the Future: the Animated Series, Jennifer was voiced by Cathy Cavadini. Title: Elisabeth Shue Passage: Elisabeth Judson Shue (born October 6, 1963) is an American actress, known for her roles in the films The Karate Kid (1984), Adventures in Babysitting (1987), Cocktail (1988), Back to the Future Part II (1989), Back to the Future Part III (1990), Soapdish (1991), Leaving Las Vegas (1995), The Saint (1997), and Hollow Man (2000). She has won several acting awards and has been nominated for an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and a BAFTA. She starred as Julie Finlay in the CBS police drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation from 2012 to 2015. Title: Back to Black Passage: Back to Black is the second and final studio album by English singer and songwriter Amy Winehouse, released on 27 October 2006 by Island Records. Winehouse predominantly based the album on her tumultuous relationship with then-ex-boyfriend and future husband Blake Fielder-Civil, who temporarily left her to pursue his previous ex-girlfriend. Their short-lived separation spurred her to create an album that explores the themes of guilt, grief, infidelity and heartbreak in a relationship. Title: Back to the Future Passage: Back to the Future spent 11 weeks at number one. Gale recalled "Our second weekend was higher than our first weekend, which is indicative of great word of mouth. National Lampoon's European Vacation came out in August and it kicked us out of number one for one week and then we were back to number one." The film went on to gross $210.61 million in North America and $178.5 million in foreign countries, accumulating a worldwide total of $389.1 million. Back to the Future had the fourth-highest opening weekend of 1985 and was the top-grossing film of the year. Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 59 million tickets in the United States. Title: Paul Koulibaly Passage: Keba Paul Koulibaly is a Burkinabé football defender who plays for the Burkina Faso national football team. He plays as a centre back or a left back. He currently plays for ENPPI Club in Egypt. Title: Chicago Cubs Passage: The 1989 film Back to the Future Part II depicts the Chicago Cubs defeating a baseball team from Miami in the 2015 World Series, ending the longest championship drought in all four of the major North American professional sports leagues. In 2015, the Miami Marlins failed to make the playoffs and were able to make it to the 2015 National League Wild Card round and move on to the 2015 National League Championship Series by October 21, 2015, the date where protagonist Marty McFly traveled to the future in the film. However, it was on October 21 that the Cubs were swept by the New York Mets in the NLCS. Title: DeLorean time machine Passage: The DeLorean time machine is a fictional automobile - based time travel device featured in the Back to the Future franchise. In the feature film series, Dr. Emmett Brown builds a time machine based on a DeLorean DMC - 12 car, to gain insights into history and the future. Instead, he ends up using it to travel over 130 years of Hill Valley history (from 1885 to 2015) with Marty McFly to change the past for the better and to undo the negative effects of time travel. One of the cars used in filming is on display at Universal Studios Hollywood. Title: Back to the Future Passage: Back to the Future was released on July 3, 1985 and it grossed over $381 million worldwide, becoming the highest - grossing film of 1985. It won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film, and the Academy Award for Best Sound Effects Editing. It received three Academy Award nominations, five BAFTA nominations, and four Golden Globe nominations, including Best Motion Picture (Musical or Comedy). In 2007, the Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry, and in June 2008 the American Film Institute's special AFI's 10 Top 10 designated it the 10th - best science fiction film. The film began a franchise including two sequels, Back to the Future Part II (1989) and Back to the Future Part III (1990), an animated series, theme park ride, and several video games. Title: Back to the Future Part II Passage: Back to the Future Part II is a 1989 American science fiction film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Bob Gale. It is the sequel to the 1985 film Back to the Future and the second installment in the Back to the Future trilogy. The film stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Thomas F. Wilson, and Lea Thompson. In the plot, Marty McFly (Fox) and his friend Dr. Emmett ``Doc ''Brown (Lloyd) travel to 2015, where bully Biff Tannen (Wilson) steals Doc's DeLorean time machine and uses it to alter history for the worse. Title: Back to the Future Part III Passage: "Back to the Future Part III" was filmed in California and Arizona, and was produced on a $40 million budget back-to-back with "Part II". "Part III" was released in the United States on May 25, 1990, six months after the previous installment. "Part III" earned $244.5 million worldwide, making it the sixth-highest-grossing film of 1990. Title: Claudia Wells Passage: Claudia Grace Wells (born July 5, 1966) is an American actress best known for her role as Jennifer Parker in the film Back to the Future (1985). Title: List of Back to the Future characters Passage: George Douglas McFly (portrayed by Crispin Glover in Back to the Future and by Jeffrey Weissman in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III and voiced by Michael X. Sommers in Back to the Future: The Game) is the father of Marty, Linda and Dave from the union with his wife Lorraine Baines McFly. Although he is one of the main characters in the first movie, George only makes cameos in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III.	[ "Marty McFly", "List of Back to the Future characters" ]
2hop__472486_97805	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The \"Anawrahta\" class corvette is a class of corvettes operated by the Myanmar Navy. The UMS \"Anawrahta\" (771) was commissioned in 2001. The ship was built locally with Chinese assistance. The Anawrahta class corvette incorporates various electronic suites and weaponry systems from China, Israel and Russia. The lead ship of the class is named for Anawrahta, founder of the Pagan Dynasty of Myanmar (Burma).", "title": "Anawrahta-class corvette" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Snake-class junks were a class of six small vessels operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) to support special forces operations in 1944 and 1945. The ships were lightly armed and were used to infiltrate special forces parties and their supplies into Japanese-held territory.", "title": "Snake-class junk" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "When the Winter War broke out the Finnish Navy moved to occupy the de-militarized Åland Islands and to protect merchant shipping. In the first month of the war, battles between Soviet ships and Finnish coastal batteries were fought at Hanko, Finland, Utö and Koivisto. At Koivisto and Hanko, the batteries forced Soviet battleships to retire with damage. Finnish efforts to use submarines (\"Vesikko\" and \"Saukko\") to sink Soviet capital ships failed. In December 1939 the ice became so thick that only the ice-breakers could still move. The two coastal defence ships were moved to the harbour in Turku where they were used to strengthen the air-defences of the city. They remained there for the rest of the war.", "title": "Finnish Navy" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Catbird\" (AM-68) was the lead ship of her class of two naval trawlers, which were operated as minesweepers by the United States Navy during World War II.", "title": "USS Catbird (AM-68)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "HMAS \"Samuel Benbow\" was an auxiliary minesweeper operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) during World War II. She was launched in 1918 by Hall, Russell & Company, Aberdeen. She was a Strath class trawler admiralty design. The ship operated in Australian waters from 1929, and was requisitioned by the RAN and commissioned on 5 September 1940. She was returned to her owners after the war.", "title": "HMAS Samuel Benbow" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bremse was built as an artillery training ship (Artillerieschulschiff ) of Nazi Germany's \"Kriegsmarine\" with a secondary function as a testbed for new marine diesel engines later installed in German panzerschiffs. During World War II, she operated as an escort ship until her sinking in September 1941.", "title": "German training ship Bremse" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "HMS \"Eurydice\" was a 24-gun \"Porcupine\"-class post ship of the Royal Navy built in 1781 and broken up in 1834. During her long career she saw service in the American War of Independence, the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. She captured a number of enemy privateers and served in the East and West Indies, the Mediterranean and British and American waters.", "title": "HMS Eurydice (1781)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Brooklyn\" (CL-40) was a light cruiser, the lead ship of her class of seven, and the third United States Navy ship to bear its name. Commissioned in 1937, she served in the Atlantic during World War II, as a convoy escort and as fire support for amphibious landings.", "title": "USS Brooklyn (CL-40)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The \"Porcupine\"-class sailing sixth rates were a series of ten 24-gun post ships built to a 1776 design by John Williams, that served in the Royal Navy during the American War Of Independence. Some survived to serve again in the French Revolutionary and the Napoleonic Wars. The first two were launched in 1777. Three were launched in 1778, three more in 1779, and the last two in 1781.", "title": "Porcupine-class post ship" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fabian Wrede class consists of three training ships used by Finnish Navy. The ships are used by the Naval academy of Finland for basic seamanship training, with particular emphasis on navigation in coastal and archipelago waters. The vessels in the class are \"Fabian Wrede\", \"Wilhelm Carpelan\" and \"Axel von Fersen\". All ships were built by Uudenkaupungin työvene Oy and commissioned between 2006 and 2008. The ships will replace the old Heikki class training ships.", "title": "Fabian Wrede-class training ship" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "HMS \"Sandfly\" was an \"Acheron\"-class destroyer of the Royal Navy that served during World War I and was sold for breaking in 1921. She was the seventh Royal Navy ship to be named after the small biting fly of the same name.", "title": "HMS Sandfly (1911)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The \"Elizabeth C. Stanton\" class transport ship was a transport class of the United States Navy that originated just prior to the second World War. The class, which contained only four ships, is named for Elizabeth Cady Stanton. All of the vessels were named for important women in history.", "title": "Elizabeth C. Stanton-class transport" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "HMAS \"Doomba was a Royal Australian Navy (RAN) warship of World War II. Built for the Royal Navy around the end of World War I as the Hunt-class minesweeper HMS \"Wexford, the ship only saw two years of service before she was decommissioned in 1921 and sold to the Doomba Shipping Company. The vessel was renamed SS \"Doomba\", converted into a passenger ship, and operated in the waters around Brisbane until 1939, when she was requisitioned by the RAN for wartime service. Serving first as an auxiliary minehunter, then an auxiliary anti-submarine vessel, HMAS \"Doomba\" was purchased outright by the RAN in 1940, and served until early 1946, when she was sold and converted into a linseed oil lighter. \"Doomba\" was scuttled off Dee Why, New South Wales in 1976.", "title": "HMAS Doomba" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Clara Dolsen\" (1862) was a large steamer captured by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She served the Union Navy in river operations and as an \"receiving ship\" auxiliary.", "title": "USS Clara Dolsen (1862)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carnival Splendor is the sole ship of the \"Splendor\" class, a smaller, modified version of the Concordia-class cruise ship, operated by Costa. She entered service on 2 July 2008. At , she was the largest ship in Carnival Cruise Line until \"Carnival Dream\" debuted in September 2009. \"Carnival Splendor\" is widely known for the November 2010 incident in which a fire started in the engine room, shutting down all electrical power to the ship.", "title": "Carnival Splendor" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Crosley\"-class high speed transports were high speed transport ships that served in the United States Navy during World War II. Some stayed in commission long enough to serve in the Korean War and the Vietnam War. All of them were converted from s during construction except for , which was converted a year after her construction. After World War II ended, several of the ships were sold to Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan, and Colombia.", "title": "Crosley-class high speed transport" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Admirable\" (AM-136) was the lead ship of her class of minesweeper built for the United States Navy during World War II. In commission from 1943 to 1945, she was transferred to the Soviet Navy in 1945 and served as T-331 until stricken in 1958.", "title": "USS Admirable" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Rhodes\" (DE-384) was an \"Edsall\"-class destroyer escort built for the United States Navy during World War II. She served in the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and provided destroyer escort protection against submarine and air attack for Navy vessels and convoys. Post-war she served the Navy as a radar picket ship.", "title": "USS Rhodes (DE-384)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "MS Independence of the Seas is a Freedom - class cruise ship operated by the Royal Caribbean cruise line that entered service in April 2008. The 15 - deck ship can accommodate 4,370 passengers and is served by 1,360 crew. She was built in the Aker Finnyards Turku Shipyard, Finland, builder of Freedom of the Seas and Liberty of the Seas, her sister ships of the Freedom class. At 154,407 GT, she joined Freedom of the Seas and Liberty of the Seas as the largest cruise ships and passenger vessels yet built. She is 1,112 feet (339 m) long, and typically cruises at 21.6 knots (40.0 km / h; 24.9 mph). The vessel operates from Fort Lauderdale, Florida during the Fall and Winter months and Southampton, England during the Spring and Summer months.", "title": "Independence of the Seas" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The third USS \"Chanticleer\" (ASR-7) was the lead ship of her class of submarine rescue ships in the United States Navy during World War II.", "title": "USS Chanticleer (ASR-7)" } ]	Which war did the operator of the Fabian Wrede-class training ship serve in?	Winter War	[]	Title: USS Admirable Passage: USS "Admirable" (AM-136) was the lead ship of her class of minesweeper built for the United States Navy during World War II. In commission from 1943 to 1945, she was transferred to the Soviet Navy in 1945 and served as T-331 until stricken in 1958. Title: HMAS Doomba Passage: HMAS "Doomba was a Royal Australian Navy (RAN) warship of World War II. Built for the Royal Navy around the end of World War I as the Hunt-class minesweeper HMS "Wexford, the ship only saw two years of service before she was decommissioned in 1921 and sold to the Doomba Shipping Company. The vessel was renamed SS "Doomba", converted into a passenger ship, and operated in the waters around Brisbane until 1939, when she was requisitioned by the RAN for wartime service. Serving first as an auxiliary minehunter, then an auxiliary anti-submarine vessel, HMAS "Doomba" was purchased outright by the RAN in 1940, and served until early 1946, when she was sold and converted into a linseed oil lighter. "Doomba" was scuttled off Dee Why, New South Wales in 1976. Title: USS Catbird (AM-68) Passage: USS "Catbird" (AM-68) was the lead ship of her class of two naval trawlers, which were operated as minesweepers by the United States Navy during World War II. Title: Carnival Splendor Passage: Carnival Splendor is the sole ship of the "Splendor" class, a smaller, modified version of the Concordia-class cruise ship, operated by Costa. She entered service on 2 July 2008. At , she was the largest ship in Carnival Cruise Line until "Carnival Dream" debuted in September 2009. "Carnival Splendor" is widely known for the November 2010 incident in which a fire started in the engine room, shutting down all electrical power to the ship. Title: German training ship Bremse Passage: Bremse was built as an artillery training ship (Artillerieschulschiff ) of Nazi Germany's "Kriegsmarine" with a secondary function as a testbed for new marine diesel engines later installed in German panzerschiffs. During World War II, she operated as an escort ship until her sinking in September 1941. Title: Independence of the Seas Passage: MS Independence of the Seas is a Freedom - class cruise ship operated by the Royal Caribbean cruise line that entered service in April 2008. The 15 - deck ship can accommodate 4,370 passengers and is served by 1,360 crew. She was built in the Aker Finnyards Turku Shipyard, Finland, builder of Freedom of the Seas and Liberty of the Seas, her sister ships of the Freedom class. At 154,407 GT, she joined Freedom of the Seas and Liberty of the Seas as the largest cruise ships and passenger vessels yet built. She is 1,112 feet (339 m) long, and typically cruises at 21.6 knots (40.0 km / h; 24.9 mph). The vessel operates from Fort Lauderdale, Florida during the Fall and Winter months and Southampton, England during the Spring and Summer months. Title: Porcupine-class post ship Passage: The "Porcupine"-class sailing sixth rates were a series of ten 24-gun post ships built to a 1776 design by John Williams, that served in the Royal Navy during the American War Of Independence. Some survived to serve again in the French Revolutionary and the Napoleonic Wars. The first two were launched in 1777. Three were launched in 1778, three more in 1779, and the last two in 1781. Title: USS Clara Dolsen (1862) Passage: USS "Clara Dolsen" (1862) was a large steamer captured by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She served the Union Navy in river operations and as an "receiving ship" auxiliary. Title: HMAS Samuel Benbow Passage: HMAS "Samuel Benbow" was an auxiliary minesweeper operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) during World War II. She was launched in 1918 by Hall, Russell & Company, Aberdeen. She was a Strath class trawler admiralty design. The ship operated in Australian waters from 1929, and was requisitioned by the RAN and commissioned on 5 September 1940. She was returned to her owners after the war. Title: Anawrahta-class corvette Passage: The "Anawrahta" class corvette is a class of corvettes operated by the Myanmar Navy. The UMS "Anawrahta" (771) was commissioned in 2001. The ship was built locally with Chinese assistance. The Anawrahta class corvette incorporates various electronic suites and weaponry systems from China, Israel and Russia. The lead ship of the class is named for Anawrahta, founder of the Pagan Dynasty of Myanmar (Burma). Title: Finnish Navy Passage: When the Winter War broke out the Finnish Navy moved to occupy the de-militarized Åland Islands and to protect merchant shipping. In the first month of the war, battles between Soviet ships and Finnish coastal batteries were fought at Hanko, Finland, Utö and Koivisto. At Koivisto and Hanko, the batteries forced Soviet battleships to retire with damage. Finnish efforts to use submarines ("Vesikko" and "Saukko") to sink Soviet capital ships failed. In December 1939 the ice became so thick that only the ice-breakers could still move. The two coastal defence ships were moved to the harbour in Turku where they were used to strengthen the air-defences of the city. They remained there for the rest of the war. Title: HMS Sandfly (1911) Passage: HMS "Sandfly" was an "Acheron"-class destroyer of the Royal Navy that served during World War I and was sold for breaking in 1921. She was the seventh Royal Navy ship to be named after the small biting fly of the same name. Title: Snake-class junk Passage: The Snake-class junks were a class of six small vessels operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) to support special forces operations in 1944 and 1945. The ships were lightly armed and were used to infiltrate special forces parties and their supplies into Japanese-held territory. Title: Fabian Wrede-class training ship Passage: Fabian Wrede class consists of three training ships used by Finnish Navy. The ships are used by the Naval academy of Finland for basic seamanship training, with particular emphasis on navigation in coastal and archipelago waters. The vessels in the class are "Fabian Wrede", "Wilhelm Carpelan" and "Axel von Fersen". All ships were built by Uudenkaupungin työvene Oy and commissioned between 2006 and 2008. The ships will replace the old Heikki class training ships. Title: Elizabeth C. Stanton-class transport Passage: The "Elizabeth C. Stanton" class transport ship was a transport class of the United States Navy that originated just prior to the second World War. The class, which contained only four ships, is named for Elizabeth Cady Stanton. All of the vessels were named for important women in history. Title: HMS Eurydice (1781) Passage: HMS "Eurydice" was a 24-gun "Porcupine"-class post ship of the Royal Navy built in 1781 and broken up in 1834. During her long career she saw service in the American War of Independence, the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. She captured a number of enemy privateers and served in the East and West Indies, the Mediterranean and British and American waters. Title: Crosley-class high speed transport Passage: "Crosley"-class high speed transports were high speed transport ships that served in the United States Navy during World War II. Some stayed in commission long enough to serve in the Korean War and the Vietnam War. All of them were converted from s during construction except for , which was converted a year after her construction. After World War II ended, several of the ships were sold to Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan, and Colombia. Title: USS Rhodes (DE-384) Passage: USS "Rhodes" (DE-384) was an "Edsall"-class destroyer escort built for the United States Navy during World War II. She served in the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and provided destroyer escort protection against submarine and air attack for Navy vessels and convoys. Post-war she served the Navy as a radar picket ship. Title: USS Chanticleer (ASR-7) Passage: The third USS "Chanticleer" (ASR-7) was the lead ship of her class of submarine rescue ships in the United States Navy during World War II. Title: USS Brooklyn (CL-40) Passage: USS "Brooklyn" (CL-40) was a light cruiser, the lead ship of her class of seven, and the third United States Navy ship to bear its name. Commissioned in 1937, she served in the Atlantic during World War II, as a convoy escort and as fire support for amphibious landings.	[ "Finnish Navy", "Fabian Wrede-class training ship" ]
2hop__14095_15463	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fuji Heavy Industries started out as The Aircraft Research Laboratory in 1915, headed by Chikuhei Nakajima. In 1932, the company was reorganized as Nakajima Aircraft Company, Ltd and soon became a major manufacturer of aircraft for Japan during World War II. At the end of the Second World War Nakajima Aircraft was again reorganized, this time as Fuji Sangyo Co, Ltd. In 1946, the company created the Fuji Rabbit motor scooter with spare aircraft parts from the war. In 1950, Fuji Sangyo was divided into 12 smaller corporations according to the Japanese Government's 1950 Corporate Credit Rearrangement Act, anti-zaibatsu legislation. Between 1953 and 1955, four of these corporations and a newly formed corporation decided to merge to form Fuji Heavy Industries. These companies were: Fuji Kogyo, a scooter manufacturer; coachbuilders Fuji Jidosha; engine manufacturers Omiya Fuji Kogyo; chassis builders Utsunomiya Sharyo and the Tokyo Fuji Dangyo trading company.", "title": "Subaru" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the shrinking PC industry, Dell continued to lose market share, as it dropped below Lenovo in 2011 to fall to number three in the world. Dell and fellow American contemporary Hewlett Packard came under pressure from Asian PC manufacturers Lenovo, Asus, and Acer, all of which had lower production costs and willing to accept lower profit margins. In addition, while the Asian PC vendors had been improving their quality and design, for instance Lenovo's ThinkPad series was winning corporate customers away from Dell's laptops, Dell's customer service and reputation had been slipping. Dell remained the second-most profitable PC vendor, as it took 13 percent of operating profits in the PC industry during Q4 2012, behind Apple Inc.'s Macintosh that took 45 percent, seven percent at Hewlett Packard, six percent at Lenovo and Asus, and one percent for Acer.", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Macintosh, however, was expensive, which hindered its ability to be competitive in a market already dominated by the Commodore 64 for consumers, as well as the IBM Personal Computer and its accompanying clone market for businesses. Macintosh systems still found success in education and desktop publishing and kept Apple as the second-largest PC manufacturer for the next decade. In the 1990s, improvements in the rival Wintel platform, notably with the introduction of Windows 3.0, then Windows 95, gradually took market share from the more expensive Macintosh systems. The performance advantage of 68000-based Macintosh systems was eroded by Intel's Pentium, and in 1994 Apple was relegated to third place as Compaq became the top PC manufacturer. Even after a transition to the superior PowerPC-based Power Macintosh (later renamed the PowerMac, in line with the PowerBook series) line in 1994, the falling prices of commodity PC components and the release of Windows 95 saw the Macintosh user base decline.", "title": "Macintosh" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1979, the launch of the VisiCalc spreadsheet (initially for the Apple II) first turned the microcomputer from a hobby for computer enthusiasts into a business tool. After the 1981 release by IBM of its IBM PC, the term personal computer became generally used for microcomputers compatible with the IBM PC architecture (PC compatible).", "title": "Microcomputer" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In July 2008, Polonia Warsaw merged with Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski (3rd in the Ekstraklasa in 2007/08) and took over its place in the Polish top division. Most of Dyskobolia's players moved to Warsaw to form the core of Polonia's new team. Several players from Polonia's old squad stayed in the club too. The team managed to finish 4th at the end of the 2008/2009 season, and subsequently reached the 3rd qualification round of the Europa League. After beating Budućnost Podgorica and thrashing Juvenes/Dogana, Polonia gave in to the Dutch side NAC Breda", "title": "Polonia Warsaw" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dragon Knight 4 (ドラゴンナイト４) is an erotic role-playing video game developed by ELF Corporation and released only in Japan for several platforms between 1994 and 1997. In 1994, the game first became available for PC MS-DOS, NEC PC-9801 and X68000, with a censored version ported to the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1996 and later to the PC-FX, PlayStation and Sega Saturn in 1997. It was also adapted into illustrated novels and an anime miniseries.", "title": "Dragon Knight 4" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Macintosh (/ ˈmækɪnˌtɒʃ / MAK - in - tosh; branded as Mac since 1998) is a family of personal computers (PCs) designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. Steve Jobs introduced the original Macintosh computer on January 24, 1984. This was the company's first mass - market personal computer featuring an integral graphical user interface and mouse. This first model was later renamed to ``Macintosh 128k ''for uniqueness amongst a populous family of subsequently updated models which are also based on Apple's same proprietary architecture. Since 1998, Apple has largely phased out the Macintosh name in favor of`` Mac'', though the product family has been nicknamed ``Mac ''or`` the Mac'' since the development of the first model.", "title": "Macintosh" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Patriot\" (PYc-47), formerly the \"Katoura\", was built in 1930 by the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company in Bristol, Rhode Island United States and purchased by the United States Navy, for $1.00, from Mr. A. Loomis of New York City on 20 September 1940. She was converted for Navy service as a submarine chaser at the Greenport Basin and Construction Company at Greenport, New York and designated PC–455 on 4 November 1940. She was placed in service 27 February 1941.", "title": "USS Patriot (PYc-47)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Celestial Games is an independent video game development company based in Johannesburg, South Africa that started in 1994. They published two PC titles then closed their doors in 2001. In 2010, they reopened the company to work on a HD version of their most successful title, \"Toxic Bunny\".", "title": "Celestial Games" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Diamond Multimedia is an American company that specializes in many forms of multimedia technology. They have produced graphics cards, motherboards, modems, sound cards and MP3 players, however the company began with the production of the TrackStar, a PC add-on card which emulated Apple II computers. They were one of the major players in the 2D and early 3D graphics card competition throughout the 1990s and early 2000s.", "title": "Diamond Multimedia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ensign Manufacturing Company, founded as Ensign Car Works in 1872, was a railroad car manufacturing company based in Huntington, West Virginia. In the 1880s and 1890s Ensign's production of wood freight cars made the company one of the three largest sawmill operators in Cabell County. In 1899, Ensign and twelve other companies were merged to form American Car and Foundry Company.", "title": "Ensign Manufacturing Company" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The American Brass Company was an American brass manufacturing company based in Connecticut and active from 1893 to 1960. The company's predecessors were the Wolcottville Brass Company and the Ansonia Brass and Battery Company. It was the first large brass manufacturing firm in the United States, and for much of its existence was the largest brass manufacturer in the country. It was purchased by the Anaconda Copper Company in 1922, and merged into Anaconda's other brass manufacturing concerns (losing its identity and name in the process) in 1960.", "title": "American Brass Company" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Project Space Station is a game published in 1985 by HESware, originally written for the Commodore 64 home computer, then ported to the Apple II series and PC compatibles.", "title": "Project Space Station" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "T - Mobile US traces its roots to the 1994 establishment of VoiceStream Wireless PCS as a subsidiary of Western Wireless Corporation. Spun off from parent Western Wireless on May 3, 1999, VoiceStream Wireless was purchased by Deutsche Telekom AG in 2001 for $35 billion and renamed T - Mobile USA, Inc. in July, 2002. In 2013, T - Mobile and MetroPCS finalized a merger of the two companies. The two companies began trading as T - Mobile US.", "title": "T-Mobile US" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1984, the company produced the first computer of its own design -- the ``Turbo PC '', sold for US $795 -- containing an Intel 8088 - compatible processor running at a speed of 8 MHz. PC's Limited advertised the systems in national computer magazines for sale directly to consumers, and custom assembled each ordered unit according to a selection of options. This offered buyers prices lower than those of retail brands, but with greater convenience than assembling the components themselves. Although not the first company to use this model, PC's Limited became one of the first to succeed with it. The company grossed more than $73 million in its first year of trading.", "title": "History of Dell" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During 1889, Thomas Edison had business interests in many electricity-related companies: Edison Lamp Company, a lamp manufacturer in East Newark, New Jersey; Edison Machine Works, a manufacturer of dynamos and large electric motors in Schenectady, New York; Bergmann & Company, a manufacturer of electric lighting fixtures, sockets, and other electric lighting devices; and Edison Electric Light Company, the patent-holding company and the financial arm backed by J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family for Edison's lighting experiments. In 1889, Drexel, Morgan & Co., a company founded by J.P. Morgan and Anthony J. Drexel, financed Edison's research and helped merge those companies under one corporation to form Edison General Electric Company which was incorporated in New York on April 24, 1889. The new company also acquired Sprague Electric Railway & Motor Company in the same year.", "title": "General Electric" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "From 1997 to 2004, Dell enjoyed steady growth and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps. During the same period, rival PC vendors such as Compaq, Gateway, IBM, Packard Bell, and AST Research struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out. Dell surpassed Compaq to become the largest PC manufacturer in 1999. Operating costs made up only 10 percent of Dell's $35 billion in revenue in 2002, compared with 21 percent of revenue at Hewlett-Packard, 25 percent at Gateway, and 46 percent at Cisco. In 2002, when Compaq merged with Hewlett Packard (the fourth-place PC maker), the newly combined Hewlett Packard took the top spot but struggled and Dell soon regained its lead. Dell grew the fastest in the early 2000s.", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Compaq, who had previously held the third place spot among PC manufacturers during the 1980s and early-mid 1990s, initiated a successful price war in 1994 that vaulted them to the biggest by the year end, overtaking a struggling IBM and relegating Apple to third place. Apple's market share further struggled due to the release of the Windows 95 operating system, which unified Microsoft's formerly separate MS-DOS and Windows products. Windows 95 significantly enhanced the multimedia capability and performance of IBM PC compatible computers, and brought the capabilities of Windows to parity with the Mac OS GUI.", "title": "Macintosh" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cork City is at the heart of industry in the south of Ireland. Its main area of industry is pharmaceuticals, with Pfizer Inc. and Swiss company Novartis being big employers in the region. The most famous product of the Cork pharmaceutical industry is Viagra. Cork is also the European headquarters of Apple Inc. where over 3,000 staff are involved in manufacturing, R&D and customer support. Logitech and EMC Corporation are also important IT employers in the area. Three hospitals are also among the top ten employers in the city (see table below).", "title": "Cork (city)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s \"Low Speed\" and 12 Mbit/s \"Full Speed\". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998. The 12 Mbit/s data rate was intended for higher-speed devices such as disk drives, and the lower 1.5 Mbit/s rate for low data rate devices such as joysticks. Apple Inc.'s iMac was the first mainstream product with USB and the iMac's success popularized USB itself. Following Apple's design decision to remove all legacy ports from the iMac, many PC manufacturers began building legacy-free PCs, which led to the broader PC market using USB as a standard.", "title": "USB" } ]	In 2002, what company merged with the top PC manufacturer from 1994?	Hewlett Packard	[ "Hewlett-Packard" ]	Title: Microcomputer Passage: In 1979, the launch of the VisiCalc spreadsheet (initially for the Apple II) first turned the microcomputer from a hobby for computer enthusiasts into a business tool. After the 1981 release by IBM of its IBM PC, the term personal computer became generally used for microcomputers compatible with the IBM PC architecture (PC compatible). Title: Dragon Knight 4 Passage: Dragon Knight 4 (ドラゴンナイト４) is an erotic role-playing video game developed by ELF Corporation and released only in Japan for several platforms between 1994 and 1997. In 1994, the game first became available for PC MS-DOS, NEC PC-9801 and X68000, with a censored version ported to the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1996 and later to the PC-FX, PlayStation and Sega Saturn in 1997. It was also adapted into illustrated novels and an anime miniseries. Title: USB Passage: The original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s "Low Speed" and 12 Mbit/s "Full Speed". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998. The 12 Mbit/s data rate was intended for higher-speed devices such as disk drives, and the lower 1.5 Mbit/s rate for low data rate devices such as joysticks. Apple Inc.'s iMac was the first mainstream product with USB and the iMac's success popularized USB itself. Following Apple's design decision to remove all legacy ports from the iMac, many PC manufacturers began building legacy-free PCs, which led to the broader PC market using USB as a standard. Title: USS Patriot (PYc-47) Passage: USS "Patriot" (PYc-47), formerly the "Katoura", was built in 1930 by the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company in Bristol, Rhode Island United States and purchased by the United States Navy, for $1.00, from Mr. A. Loomis of New York City on 20 September 1940. She was converted for Navy service as a submarine chaser at the Greenport Basin and Construction Company at Greenport, New York and designated PC–455 on 4 November 1940. She was placed in service 27 February 1941. Title: Macintosh Passage: The Macintosh (/ ˈmækɪnˌtɒʃ / MAK - in - tosh; branded as Mac since 1998) is a family of personal computers (PCs) designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. Steve Jobs introduced the original Macintosh computer on January 24, 1984. This was the company's first mass - market personal computer featuring an integral graphical user interface and mouse. This first model was later renamed to ``Macintosh 128k ''for uniqueness amongst a populous family of subsequently updated models which are also based on Apple's same proprietary architecture. Since 1998, Apple has largely phased out the Macintosh name in favor of`` Mac'', though the product family has been nicknamed ``Mac ''or`` the Mac'' since the development of the first model. Title: Polonia Warsaw Passage: In July 2008, Polonia Warsaw merged with Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski (3rd in the Ekstraklasa in 2007/08) and took over its place in the Polish top division. Most of Dyskobolia's players moved to Warsaw to form the core of Polonia's new team. Several players from Polonia's old squad stayed in the club too. The team managed to finish 4th at the end of the 2008/2009 season, and subsequently reached the 3rd qualification round of the Europa League. After beating Budućnost Podgorica and thrashing Juvenes/Dogana, Polonia gave in to the Dutch side NAC Breda Title: Dell Passage: In the shrinking PC industry, Dell continued to lose market share, as it dropped below Lenovo in 2011 to fall to number three in the world. Dell and fellow American contemporary Hewlett Packard came under pressure from Asian PC manufacturers Lenovo, Asus, and Acer, all of which had lower production costs and willing to accept lower profit margins. In addition, while the Asian PC vendors had been improving their quality and design, for instance Lenovo's ThinkPad series was winning corporate customers away from Dell's laptops, Dell's customer service and reputation had been slipping. Dell remained the second-most profitable PC vendor, as it took 13 percent of operating profits in the PC industry during Q4 2012, behind Apple Inc.'s Macintosh that took 45 percent, seven percent at Hewlett Packard, six percent at Lenovo and Asus, and one percent for Acer. Title: Cork (city) Passage: Cork City is at the heart of industry in the south of Ireland. Its main area of industry is pharmaceuticals, with Pfizer Inc. and Swiss company Novartis being big employers in the region. The most famous product of the Cork pharmaceutical industry is Viagra. Cork is also the European headquarters of Apple Inc. where over 3,000 staff are involved in manufacturing, R&D and customer support. Logitech and EMC Corporation are also important IT employers in the area. Three hospitals are also among the top ten employers in the city (see table below). Title: Macintosh Passage: Compaq, who had previously held the third place spot among PC manufacturers during the 1980s and early-mid 1990s, initiated a successful price war in 1994 that vaulted them to the biggest by the year end, overtaking a struggling IBM and relegating Apple to third place. Apple's market share further struggled due to the release of the Windows 95 operating system, which unified Microsoft's formerly separate MS-DOS and Windows products. Windows 95 significantly enhanced the multimedia capability and performance of IBM PC compatible computers, and brought the capabilities of Windows to parity with the Mac OS GUI. Title: History of Dell Passage: In 1984, the company produced the first computer of its own design -- the ``Turbo PC '', sold for US $795 -- containing an Intel 8088 - compatible processor running at a speed of 8 MHz. PC's Limited advertised the systems in national computer magazines for sale directly to consumers, and custom assembled each ordered unit according to a selection of options. This offered buyers prices lower than those of retail brands, but with greater convenience than assembling the components themselves. Although not the first company to use this model, PC's Limited became one of the first to succeed with it. The company grossed more than $73 million in its first year of trading. Title: Celestial Games Passage: Celestial Games is an independent video game development company based in Johannesburg, South Africa that started in 1994. They published two PC titles then closed their doors in 2001. In 2010, they reopened the company to work on a HD version of their most successful title, "Toxic Bunny". Title: Macintosh Passage: The Macintosh, however, was expensive, which hindered its ability to be competitive in a market already dominated by the Commodore 64 for consumers, as well as the IBM Personal Computer and its accompanying clone market for businesses. Macintosh systems still found success in education and desktop publishing and kept Apple as the second-largest PC manufacturer for the next decade. In the 1990s, improvements in the rival Wintel platform, notably with the introduction of Windows 3.0, then Windows 95, gradually took market share from the more expensive Macintosh systems. The performance advantage of 68000-based Macintosh systems was eroded by Intel's Pentium, and in 1994 Apple was relegated to third place as Compaq became the top PC manufacturer. Even after a transition to the superior PowerPC-based Power Macintosh (later renamed the PowerMac, in line with the PowerBook series) line in 1994, the falling prices of commodity PC components and the release of Windows 95 saw the Macintosh user base decline. Title: American Brass Company Passage: The American Brass Company was an American brass manufacturing company based in Connecticut and active from 1893 to 1960. The company's predecessors were the Wolcottville Brass Company and the Ansonia Brass and Battery Company. It was the first large brass manufacturing firm in the United States, and for much of its existence was the largest brass manufacturer in the country. It was purchased by the Anaconda Copper Company in 1922, and merged into Anaconda's other brass manufacturing concerns (losing its identity and name in the process) in 1960. Title: Diamond Multimedia Passage: Diamond Multimedia is an American company that specializes in many forms of multimedia technology. They have produced graphics cards, motherboards, modems, sound cards and MP3 players, however the company began with the production of the TrackStar, a PC add-on card which emulated Apple II computers. They were one of the major players in the 2D and early 3D graphics card competition throughout the 1990s and early 2000s. Title: General Electric Passage: During 1889, Thomas Edison had business interests in many electricity-related companies: Edison Lamp Company, a lamp manufacturer in East Newark, New Jersey; Edison Machine Works, a manufacturer of dynamos and large electric motors in Schenectady, New York; Bergmann & Company, a manufacturer of electric lighting fixtures, sockets, and other electric lighting devices; and Edison Electric Light Company, the patent-holding company and the financial arm backed by J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family for Edison's lighting experiments. In 1889, Drexel, Morgan & Co., a company founded by J.P. Morgan and Anthony J. Drexel, financed Edison's research and helped merge those companies under one corporation to form Edison General Electric Company which was incorporated in New York on April 24, 1889. The new company also acquired Sprague Electric Railway & Motor Company in the same year. Title: Project Space Station Passage: Project Space Station is a game published in 1985 by HESware, originally written for the Commodore 64 home computer, then ported to the Apple II series and PC compatibles. Title: T-Mobile US Passage: T - Mobile US traces its roots to the 1994 establishment of VoiceStream Wireless PCS as a subsidiary of Western Wireless Corporation. Spun off from parent Western Wireless on May 3, 1999, VoiceStream Wireless was purchased by Deutsche Telekom AG in 2001 for $35 billion and renamed T - Mobile USA, Inc. in July, 2002. In 2013, T - Mobile and MetroPCS finalized a merger of the two companies. The two companies began trading as T - Mobile US. Title: Subaru Passage: Fuji Heavy Industries started out as The Aircraft Research Laboratory in 1915, headed by Chikuhei Nakajima. In 1932, the company was reorganized as Nakajima Aircraft Company, Ltd and soon became a major manufacturer of aircraft for Japan during World War II. At the end of the Second World War Nakajima Aircraft was again reorganized, this time as Fuji Sangyo Co, Ltd. In 1946, the company created the Fuji Rabbit motor scooter with spare aircraft parts from the war. In 1950, Fuji Sangyo was divided into 12 smaller corporations according to the Japanese Government's 1950 Corporate Credit Rearrangement Act, anti-zaibatsu legislation. Between 1953 and 1955, four of these corporations and a newly formed corporation decided to merge to form Fuji Heavy Industries. These companies were: Fuji Kogyo, a scooter manufacturer; coachbuilders Fuji Jidosha; engine manufacturers Omiya Fuji Kogyo; chassis builders Utsunomiya Sharyo and the Tokyo Fuji Dangyo trading company. Title: Dell Passage: From 1997 to 2004, Dell enjoyed steady growth and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps. During the same period, rival PC vendors such as Compaq, Gateway, IBM, Packard Bell, and AST Research struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out. Dell surpassed Compaq to become the largest PC manufacturer in 1999. Operating costs made up only 10 percent of Dell's $35 billion in revenue in 2002, compared with 21 percent of revenue at Hewlett-Packard, 25 percent at Gateway, and 46 percent at Cisco. In 2002, when Compaq merged with Hewlett Packard (the fourth-place PC maker), the newly combined Hewlett Packard took the top spot but struggled and Dell soon regained its lead. Dell grew the fastest in the early 2000s. Title: Ensign Manufacturing Company Passage: Ensign Manufacturing Company, founded as Ensign Car Works in 1872, was a railroad car manufacturing company based in Huntington, West Virginia. In the 1880s and 1890s Ensign's production of wood freight cars made the company one of the three largest sawmill operators in Cabell County. In 1899, Ensign and twelve other companies were merged to form American Car and Foundry Company.	[ "Macintosh", "Dell" ]
2hop__658472_5385	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The structure of a gene consists of many elements of which the actual protein coding sequence is often only a small part. These include DNA regions that are not transcribed as well as untranslated regions of the RNA.", "title": "Gene" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to Mendelian inheritance, variations in an organism's phenotype (observable physical and behavioral characteristics) are due in part to variations in its genotype (particular set of genes). Each gene specifies a particular trait with different sequence of a gene (alleles) giving rise to different phenotypes. Most eukaryotic organisms (such as the pea plants Mendel worked on) have two alleles for each trait, one inherited from each parent.:20", "title": "Gene" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Another way to look at differences between populations is to measure genetic differences rather than physical differences between groups. The mid-20th-century anthropologist William C. Boyd defined race as: \"A population which differs significantly from other populations in regard to the frequency of one or more of the genes it possesses. It is an arbitrary matter which, and how many, gene loci we choose to consider as a significant 'constellation'\". Leonard Lieberman and Rodney Kirk have pointed out that \"the paramount weakness of this statement is that if one gene can distinguish races then the number of races is as numerous as the number of human couples reproducing.\" Moreover, the anthropologist Stephen Molnar has suggested that the discordance of clines inevitably results in a multiplication of races that renders the concept itself useless. The Human Genome Project states \"People who have lived in the same geographic region for many generations may have some alleles in common, but no allele will be found in all members of one population and in no members of any other.\"", "title": "Race (human categorization)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Family history is a risk factor for asthma, with many different genes being implicated. If one identical twin is affected, the probability of the other having the disease is approximately 25%. By the end of 2005, 25 genes had been associated with asthma in six or more separate populations, including GSTM1, IL10, CTLA-4, SPINK5, LTC4S, IL4R and ADAM33, among others. Many of these genes are related to the immune system or modulating inflammation. Even among this list of genes supported by highly replicated studies, results have not been consistent among all populations tested. In 2006 over 100 genes were associated with asthma in one genetic association study alone; more continue to be found.", "title": "Asthma" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2010, Boston was estimated to have 617,594 residents (a density of 12,200 persons/sq mile, or 4,700/km2) living in 272,481 housing units— a 5% population increase over 2000. The city is the third most densely populated large U.S. city of over half a million residents. Some 1.2 million persons may be within Boston's boundaries during work hours, and as many as 2 million during special events. This fluctuation of people is caused by hundreds of thousands of suburban residents who travel to the city for work, education, health care, and special events.", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity.:Glossary The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life.", "title": "Gene" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Both the number of base pairs and the number of genes vary widely from one species to another, and there is only a rough correlation between the two (an observation known as the C-value paradox). At present, the highest known number of genes is around 60,000, for the protozoan causing trichomoniasis (see List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes), almost three times as many as in the human genome.", "title": "Genome" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Horizontal gene transfer is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related. Horizontal gene transfer seems to be common among many microbes. Also, eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genetic material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes to their nuclear chromosomes.", "title": "Genome" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ball obtained a bachelor's degree from the University of Oklahoma, and attended graduate school at the University of Rochester, completing a master's degree and finishing his doctorate in 1982. While at Rochester, he met Rick Rashid, and together they created Alto Trek, one of the earlier networked multiplayer computer games.", "title": "Gene Ball" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800).", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kin-Ball, is a team sport created in Quebec, Canada in 1986 by Mario Demers, a physical education professor, in which the main distinctive characteristics are the large size of the ball (1.2m (48 inches) in diameter) and that the matches are played among three teams at the same time instead of traditional one-vs-one like the most of the team games. The International Kin-Ball Federation counts 3.8 million participants, primarily from Canada, the U.S., Japan, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Spain, Germany, Denmark, the Czech Republic, and Malaysia, China. The newest country is the UK. Kin-Ball UK formed in 2018", "title": "Kin-Ball" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Family history is a risk factor for asthma, with many different genes being implicated. If one identical twin is affected, the probability of the other having the disease is approximately 25%. By the end of 2005, 25 genes had been associated with asthma in six or more separate populations, including GSTM1, IL10, CTLA-4, SPINK5, LTC4S, IL4R and ADAM33, among others. Many of these genes are related to the immune system or modulating inflammation. Even among this list of genes supported by highly replicated studies, results have not been consistent among all populations tested. In 2006 over 100 genes were associated with asthma in one genetic association study alone; more continue to be found.Some genetic variants may only cause asthma when they are combined with specific environmental exposures. An example is a specific single nucleotide polymorphism in the CD14 region and exposure to endotoxin (a bacterial product). Endotoxin exposure can come from several environmental sources including tobacco smoke, dogs, and farms. Risk for asthma, then, is determined by both a person's genetics and the level of endotoxin exposure.", "title": "Asthma" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dragon Ball FighterZ (Japanese: ドラゴンボールファイターズ, Hepburn: Doragon Bōru Faitāzu) is an upcoming 2.5 D fighting game developed by Arc System Works and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment, based on the Dragon Ball franchise for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Microsoft Windows. It is set to be released February 2018.", "title": "Dragon Ball FighterZ" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The son of illustrator and animator Gene Deitch, Kim Deitch has sometimes worked with his brothers Simon Deitch and Seth Deitch.", "title": "Kim Deitch" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adaptation of the endosymbiont to the host's lifestyle leads to many changes in the endosymbiont–the foremost being drastic reduction in its genome size. This is due to many genes being lost during the process of metabolism, and DNA repair and recombination. While important genes participating in the DNA to RNA transcription, protein translation and DNA/RNA replication are retained. That is, a decrease in genome size is due to loss of protein coding genes and not due to lessening of inter-genic regions or open reading frame (ORF) size. Thus, species that are naturally evolving and contain reduced sizes of genes can be accounted for an increased number of noticeable differences between them, thereby leading to changes in their evolutionary rates. As the endosymbiotic bacteria related with these insects are passed on to the offspring strictly via vertical genetic transmission, intracellular bacteria goes through many hurdles during the process, resulting in the decrease in effective population sizes when compared to the free living bacteria. This incapability of the endosymbiotic bacteria to reinstate its wild type phenotype via a recombination process is called as Muller's ratchet phenomenon. Muller's ratchet phenomenon together with less effective population sizes has led to an accretion of deleterious mutations in the non-essential genes of the intracellular bacteria. This could have been due to lack of selection mechanisms prevailing in the rich environment of the host.", "title": "Symbiosis" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first thirteen films were directed by Erik Balling, while Tom Hedegaard and Morten Arnfred directed the fourteenth and final \"Olsen Gang\" film. The scripts were written by Balling and Henning Bahs, who also worked as a production designer.", "title": "Olsen Gang" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States Society for Education through Art (USSEA) is an American national association whose members work in curriculum development, teaching and research related to art education and cultural differences, and who share interests in art educational content and strategies which promote tolerance and appreciation of the arts of non-mainstream cultural peoples. The mission of the society is to promote greater understanding and respect for learners from all ethnic, minority, and socio-cultural backgrounds through research, art curricula, instruction, and practices that are inclusive and culturally sensitive.", "title": "United States Society for Education through Art" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In many games, goal posts are at each end of the playing field, there are two vertical posts (or uprights) supporting a horizontal crossbar. In some games, such as football or hockey, the object is to pass the ball or puck between the posts below the crossbar, while in others, such as those based on rugby, the ball must pass over the crossbar instead.", "title": "Sports equipment" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city also had a large class of free people of color. By 1860, 3,785 free people of color were in Charleston, nearly 18% of the city's black population, and 8% of the total population. Free people of color were far more likely to be of mixed racial background than slaves. Many were educated, practiced skilled crafts, and some even owned substantial property, including slaves. In 1790, they established the Brown Fellowship Society for mutual aid, initially as a burial society. It continued until 1945.", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marques Haynes (March 10, 1926 – May 22, 2015) was an American professional basketball player and member of the Harlem Globetrotters, notable for his remarkable ability to dribble the ball and keep it away from defenders. According to the 1988 film \"Harlem Globetrotters: Six Decades of Magic\", Haynes could dribble the ball as many as 348 times a minute.", "title": "Marques Haynes" } ]	How many people work at the school where Gene Ball was educated?	11,900	[]	Title: Marques Haynes Passage: Marques Haynes (March 10, 1926 – May 22, 2015) was an American professional basketball player and member of the Harlem Globetrotters, notable for his remarkable ability to dribble the ball and keep it away from defenders. According to the 1988 film "Harlem Globetrotters: Six Decades of Magic", Haynes could dribble the ball as many as 348 times a minute. Title: Kim Deitch Passage: The son of illustrator and animator Gene Deitch, Kim Deitch has sometimes worked with his brothers Simon Deitch and Seth Deitch. Title: Dragon Ball FighterZ Passage: Dragon Ball FighterZ (Japanese: ドラゴンボールファイターズ, Hepburn: Doragon Bōru Faitāzu) is an upcoming 2.5 D fighting game developed by Arc System Works and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment, based on the Dragon Ball franchise for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Microsoft Windows. It is set to be released February 2018. Title: Kin-Ball Passage: Kin-Ball, is a team sport created in Quebec, Canada in 1986 by Mario Demers, a physical education professor, in which the main distinctive characteristics are the large size of the ball (1.2m (48 inches) in diameter) and that the matches are played among three teams at the same time instead of traditional one-vs-one like the most of the team games. The International Kin-Ball Federation counts 3.8 million participants, primarily from Canada, the U.S., Japan, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Spain, Germany, Denmark, the Czech Republic, and Malaysia, China. The newest country is the UK. Kin-Ball UK formed in 2018 Title: Asthma Passage: Family history is a risk factor for asthma, with many different genes being implicated. If one identical twin is affected, the probability of the other having the disease is approximately 25%. By the end of 2005, 25 genes had been associated with asthma in six or more separate populations, including GSTM1, IL10, CTLA-4, SPINK5, LTC4S, IL4R and ADAM33, among others. Many of these genes are related to the immune system or modulating inflammation. Even among this list of genes supported by highly replicated studies, results have not been consistent among all populations tested. In 2006 over 100 genes were associated with asthma in one genetic association study alone; more continue to be found.Some genetic variants may only cause asthma when they are combined with specific environmental exposures. An example is a specific single nucleotide polymorphism in the CD14 region and exposure to endotoxin (a bacterial product). Endotoxin exposure can come from several environmental sources including tobacco smoke, dogs, and farms. Risk for asthma, then, is determined by both a person's genetics and the level of endotoxin exposure. Title: Gene Passage: According to Mendelian inheritance, variations in an organism's phenotype (observable physical and behavioral characteristics) are due in part to variations in its genotype (particular set of genes). Each gene specifies a particular trait with different sequence of a gene (alleles) giving rise to different phenotypes. Most eukaryotic organisms (such as the pea plants Mendel worked on) have two alleles for each trait, one inherited from each parent.:20 Title: Genome Passage: Horizontal gene transfer is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related. Horizontal gene transfer seems to be common among many microbes. Also, eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genetic material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes to their nuclear chromosomes. Title: Gene Passage: The structure of a gene consists of many elements of which the actual protein coding sequence is often only a small part. These include DNA regions that are not transcribed as well as untranslated regions of the RNA. Title: Sports equipment Passage: In many games, goal posts are at each end of the playing field, there are two vertical posts (or uprights) supporting a horizontal crossbar. In some games, such as football or hockey, the object is to pass the ball or puck between the posts below the crossbar, while in others, such as those based on rugby, the ball must pass over the crossbar instead. Title: Symbiosis Passage: Adaptation of the endosymbiont to the host's lifestyle leads to many changes in the endosymbiont–the foremost being drastic reduction in its genome size. This is due to many genes being lost during the process of metabolism, and DNA repair and recombination. While important genes participating in the DNA to RNA transcription, protein translation and DNA/RNA replication are retained. That is, a decrease in genome size is due to loss of protein coding genes and not due to lessening of inter-genic regions or open reading frame (ORF) size. Thus, species that are naturally evolving and contain reduced sizes of genes can be accounted for an increased number of noticeable differences between them, thereby leading to changes in their evolutionary rates. As the endosymbiotic bacteria related with these insects are passed on to the offspring strictly via vertical genetic transmission, intracellular bacteria goes through many hurdles during the process, resulting in the decrease in effective population sizes when compared to the free living bacteria. This incapability of the endosymbiotic bacteria to reinstate its wild type phenotype via a recombination process is called as Muller's ratchet phenomenon. Muller's ratchet phenomenon together with less effective population sizes has led to an accretion of deleterious mutations in the non-essential genes of the intracellular bacteria. This could have been due to lack of selection mechanisms prevailing in the rich environment of the host. Title: Olsen Gang Passage: The first thirteen films were directed by Erik Balling, while Tom Hedegaard and Morten Arnfred directed the fourteenth and final "Olsen Gang" film. The scripts were written by Balling and Henning Bahs, who also worked as a production designer. Title: Gene Ball Passage: Ball obtained a bachelor's degree from the University of Oklahoma, and attended graduate school at the University of Rochester, completing a master's degree and finishing his doctorate in 1982. While at Rochester, he met Rick Rashid, and together they created Alto Trek, one of the earlier networked multiplayer computer games. Title: Charleston, South Carolina Passage: The city also had a large class of free people of color. By 1860, 3,785 free people of color were in Charleston, nearly 18% of the city's black population, and 8% of the total population. Free people of color were far more likely to be of mixed racial background than slaves. Many were educated, practiced skilled crafts, and some even owned substantial property, including slaves. In 1790, they established the Brown Fellowship Society for mutual aid, initially as a burial society. It continued until 1945. Title: United States Society for Education through Art Passage: The United States Society for Education through Art (USSEA) is an American national association whose members work in curriculum development, teaching and research related to art education and cultural differences, and who share interests in art educational content and strategies which promote tolerance and appreciation of the arts of non-mainstream cultural peoples. The mission of the society is to promote greater understanding and respect for learners from all ethnic, minority, and socio-cultural backgrounds through research, art curricula, instruction, and practices that are inclusive and culturally sensitive. Title: Boston Passage: In 2010, Boston was estimated to have 617,594 residents (a density of 12,200 persons/sq mile, or 4,700/km2) living in 272,481 housing units— a 5% population increase over 2000. The city is the third most densely populated large U.S. city of over half a million residents. Some 1.2 million persons may be within Boston's boundaries during work hours, and as many as 2 million during special events. This fluctuation of people is caused by hundreds of thousands of suburban residents who travel to the city for work, education, health care, and special events. Title: Genome Passage: Both the number of base pairs and the number of genes vary widely from one species to another, and there is only a rough correlation between the two (an observation known as the C-value paradox). At present, the highest known number of genes is around 60,000, for the protozoan causing trichomoniasis (see List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes), almost three times as many as in the human genome. Title: Asthma Passage: Family history is a risk factor for asthma, with many different genes being implicated. If one identical twin is affected, the probability of the other having the disease is approximately 25%. By the end of 2005, 25 genes had been associated with asthma in six or more separate populations, including GSTM1, IL10, CTLA-4, SPINK5, LTC4S, IL4R and ADAM33, among others. Many of these genes are related to the immune system or modulating inflammation. Even among this list of genes supported by highly replicated studies, results have not been consistent among all populations tested. In 2006 over 100 genes were associated with asthma in one genetic association study alone; more continue to be found. Title: Gene Passage: A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity.:Glossary The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life. Title: Race (human categorization) Passage: Another way to look at differences between populations is to measure genetic differences rather than physical differences between groups. The mid-20th-century anthropologist William C. Boyd defined race as: "A population which differs significantly from other populations in regard to the frequency of one or more of the genes it possesses. It is an arbitrary matter which, and how many, gene loci we choose to consider as a significant 'constellation'". Leonard Lieberman and Rodney Kirk have pointed out that "the paramount weakness of this statement is that if one gene can distinguish races then the number of races is as numerous as the number of human couples reproducing." Moreover, the anthropologist Stephen Molnar has suggested that the discordance of clines inevitably results in a multiplication of races that renders the concept itself useless. The Human Genome Project states "People who have lived in the same geographic region for many generations may have some alleles in common, but no allele will be found in all members of one population and in no members of any other." Title: Oklahoma City Passage: While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800).	[ "Gene Ball", "Oklahoma City" ]
2hop__22885_36240	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The report \"Mary: Faith and Hope in Christ\", by the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission, concluded that the teaching about Mary in the two definitions of the Assumption and the Immaculate Conception can be said to be consonant with the teaching of the Scriptures and the ancient common traditions. But the report expressed concerns that the Roman Catholic dogmatic definitions of these concepts implies them to be \"revealed by God\", stating: \"The question arises for Anglicans, however, as to whether these doctrines concerning Mary are revealed by God in a way which must be held by believers as a matter of faith.\"", "title": "Immaculate Conception" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Law offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant literature. The founding documents of many countries, including Constitutions and Law Codes, can count as literature; however, most legal writings rarely exhibit much literary merit, as they tend to be rather Written by Samuel Dean.", "title": "Literature" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands (in Dutch: \"Statuut voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden\"; in Papiamentu: \"Statuut pa e Reino di Hulanda\") is a legal instrument that sets out the political relationship between the four countries that constitute the Kingdom of the Netherlands: Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten in the Caribbean and the Netherlands (for the most part) in Europe. It is the leading legal document of the Kingdom. The Constitution of the Netherlands and the Basic Laws of the three other countries are legally subordinate to the Charter.", "title": "Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Belarusian literature began with 11th- to 13th-century religious scripture, such as the 12th-century poetry of Cyril of Turaw.By the 16th century, Polotsk resident Francysk Skaryna translated the Bible into Belarusian. It was published in Prague and Vilnius sometime between 1517 and 1525, making it the first book printed in Belarus or anywhere in Eastern Europe. The modern era of Belarusian literature began in the late 19th century; one prominent writer was Yanka Kupala. Many Belarusian writers of the time, such as Uładzimir Žyłka, Kazimir Svayak, Yakub Kolas, Źmitrok Biadula, and Maksim Haretski, wrote for Nasha Niva, a Belarusian-language paper published that was previously published in Vilnius but now is published in Minsk.", "title": "Belarus" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some of the most important surviving works of Old English literature are Beowulf, an epic poem; the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a record of early English history; the Franks Casket, an inscribed early whalebone artefact; and Cædmon's Hymn, a Christian religious poem. There are also a number of extant prose works, such as sermons and saints' lives, biblical translations, and translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers, legal documents, such as laws and wills, and practical works on grammar, medicine, and geography. Still, poetry is considered the heart of Old English literature. Nearly all Anglo-Saxon authors are anonymous, with a few exceptions, such as Bede and Cædmon. Cædmon, the earliest English poet we know by name, served as a lay brother in the monastery at Whitby.", "title": "Old English" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Mega Manila\" is used in general reference to the relationship of Metro Manila to surrounding provinces. It references only provinces and not the exact settlement patterns of cities, towns, and barangays, which may be urban, suburban, mountains, or rural areas that are still part of provinces close enough to Manila to be lumped into the definition.", "title": "Mega Manila" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The USB standard specifies relatively loose tolerances for compliant USB connectors to minimize physical incompatibilities in connectors from different vendors. To address a weakness present in some other connector standards, the USB specification also defines limits to the size of a connecting device in the area around its plug. This was done to prevent a device from blocking adjacent ports due to the size of the cable strain relief mechanism (usually molding integral with the cable outer insulation) at the connector. Compliant devices must either fit within the size restrictions or support a compliant extension cable that does.", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Maryland Toleration Act, also known as the Act Concerning Religion, was a law mandating religious tolerance for Trinitarian Christians. It was passed on April 21, 1649, by the assembly of the Maryland colony, in St. Mary's City. It was the second law requiring religious tolerance in the British North American colonies and created one of the pioneer statutes passed by the legislative body of an organized colonial government to guarantee any degree of religious liberty. Specifically, the bill, now usually referred to as the Toleration Act, granted freedom of conscience to all Christians. (The colony which became Rhode Island passed a series of laws, the first in 1636, which prohibited religious persecution including against non-Trinitarians; Rhode Island was also the first government to separate church and state.) Historians argue that it helped inspire later legal protections for freedom of religion in the United States. The Calvert family, who founded Maryland partly as a refuge for English Catholics, sought enactment of the law to protect Catholic settlers and those of other religions that did not conform to the dominant Anglicanism of Britain and her colonies.", "title": "Maryland Toleration Act" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The idea of Masonic brotherhood probably descends from a 16th-century legal definition of a brother as one who has taken an oath of mutual support to another. Accordingly, Masons swear at each degree to keep the contents of that degree secret, and to support and protect their brethren unless they have broken the law. In most Lodges the oath or obligation is taken on a Volume of Sacred Law, whichever book of divine revelation is appropriate to the religious beliefs of the individual brother (usually the Bible in the Anglo-American tradition). In Progressive continental Freemasonry, books other than scripture are permissible, a cause of rupture between Grand Lodges.", "title": "Freemasonry" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spanish mendicants in the sixteenth century taught indigenous scribes in their communities to write their languages in Latin letters and there is a large number of local-level documents in Nahuatl, Zapotec, Mixtec, and Yucatec Maya from the colonial era, many of which were part of lawsuits and other legal matters. Although Spaniards initially taught indigenous scribes alphabetic writing, the tradition became self-perpetuating at the local level. The Spanish crown gathered such documentation and contemporary Spanish translations were made for legal cases. Scholars have translated and analyzed these documents in what is called the New Philology to write histories of indigenous peoples from indigenous viewpoints.", "title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and exhibition of Aboriginal photography. In contrast to previous definitions based solely on the degree of Aboriginal ancestry, in 1990 the Government changed the legal definition of Aboriginal to include any:", "title": "Black people" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Polish term \"szlachta\" designated the formalized, hereditary noble class of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In official Latin documents of the old Commonwealth, hereditary szlachta are referred to as \"nobilitas\" and are indeed the equivalent in legal status of the English nobility.", "title": "Szlachta" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's \"wondrous abundance of divine gifts and original innocence\" \"in that ark of Noah, which was built by divine command and escaped entirely safe and sound from the common shipwreck of the whole world; in the ladder which Jacob saw reaching from the earth to heaven, by whose rungs the angels of God ascended and descended, and on whose top the Lord himself leaned; in that bush which Moses saw in the holy place burning on all sides, which was not consumed or injured in any way but grew green and blossomed beautifully; in that impregnable tower before the enemy, from which hung a thousand bucklers and all the armor of the strong; in that garden enclosed on all sides, which cannot be violated or corrupted by any deceitful plots; in that resplendent city of God, which has its foundations on the holy mountains; in that most august temple of God, which, radiant with divine splendours, is full of the glory of God; and in very many other biblical types of this kind.\"", "title": "Immaculate Conception" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The proposal that chromosomes carried the factors of Mendelian inheritance was initially controversial, but in 1913 it gained strong support when Eleanor Carothers documented definitive evidence of independent assortment of chromosomes in a species of grasshopper. Debate continued, however, until 1915 when Thomas Hunt Morgan's work on inheritance and genetic linkage in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster provided incontrovertible evidence for the proposal. The unifying theory stated that inheritance patterns may be generally explained by assuming that genes are located in specific sites on chromosomes.", "title": "Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ellen Jens is a Dutch television director and producer, best known for her collaboration with Wim T. Schippers on VPRO television. She has produced and directed a large number of other television shows, especially on literature and art, and is referred to as a \"television legend\".", "title": "Ellen Jens" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tonsure (/ ˈtɒnʃər /) is the practice of cutting or shaving some or all of the hair on the scalp, as a sign of religious devotion or humility. The term originates from the Latin word tōnsūra (meaning ``clipping ''or`` shearing'') and referred to a specific practice in medieval Catholicism, abandoned by papal order in 1972. Tonsure can also refer to the secular practice of shaving all or part of the scalp to show support or sympathy, or to designate mourning. Current usage more generally refers to cutting or shaving for monks, devotees, or mystics of any religion as a symbol of their renunciation of worldly fashion and esteem.", "title": "Tonsure" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some scholars and organizations disagree with the notion of \"separation of church and state\", or the way the Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional limitation on religious establishment. Such critics generally argue that the phrase misrepresents the textual requirements of the Constitution, while noting that many aspects of church and state were intermingled at the time the Constitution was ratified. These critics argue that the prevalent degree of separation of church and state could not have been intended by the constitutional framers. Some of the intermingling between church and state include religious references in official contexts, and such other founding documents as the United States Declaration of Independence, which references the idea of a \"Creator\" and \"Nature's God\", though these references did not ultimately appear in the Constitution nor do they mention any particular religious view of a \"Creator\" or \"Nature's God.\"", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Divorce is discouraged, and remarriage is forbidden unless a divorce is obtained on the grounds of adultery, which they refer to as \"a scriptural divorce\". If a divorce is obtained for any other reason, remarriage is considered adulterous unless the prior spouse has died or is since considered to have committed sexual immorality. Extreme physical abuse, willful non-support of one's family, and what the religion terms \"absolute endangerment of spirituality\" are considered grounds for legal separation.", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Child labour has been a consistent struggle for children in Brazil ever since the country was colonized on April 22, 1550 by Pedro Álvares Cabral. Work that many children took part in was not always visible, legal, or paid. Free or slave labour was a common occurrence for many youths and was a part of their everyday lives as they grew into adulthood. Yet due to there being no clear definition of how to classify what a child or youth is, there has been little historical documentation of child labour during the colonial period. Due to this lack of documentation, it is hard to determine just how many children were used for what kinds of work before the nineteenth century. The first documentation of child labour in Brazil occurred during the time of indigenous societies and slave labour where it was found that children were forcibly working on tasks that exceeded their emotional and physical limits. Armando Dias, for example, died in November 1913 whilst still very young, a victim of an electric shock when entering the textile industry where he worked. Boys and girls were victims of industrial accidents on a daily basis.", "title": "Child labour" } ]	What specific part of the religious scripture that can be fit into a large, loose definition of legal literature does this document reference for Mary?	Genesis 3:15	[]	Title: Belarus Passage: Belarusian literature began with 11th- to 13th-century religious scripture, such as the 12th-century poetry of Cyril of Turaw.By the 16th century, Polotsk resident Francysk Skaryna translated the Bible into Belarusian. It was published in Prague and Vilnius sometime between 1517 and 1525, making it the first book printed in Belarus or anywhere in Eastern Europe. The modern era of Belarusian literature began in the late 19th century; one prominent writer was Yanka Kupala. Many Belarusian writers of the time, such as Uładzimir Žyłka, Kazimir Svayak, Yakub Kolas, Źmitrok Biadula, and Maksim Haretski, wrote for Nasha Niva, a Belarusian-language paper published that was previously published in Vilnius but now is published in Minsk. Title: Immaculate Conception Passage: The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's "wondrous abundance of divine gifts and original innocence" "in that ark of Noah, which was built by divine command and escaped entirely safe and sound from the common shipwreck of the whole world; in the ladder which Jacob saw reaching from the earth to heaven, by whose rungs the angels of God ascended and descended, and on whose top the Lord himself leaned; in that bush which Moses saw in the holy place burning on all sides, which was not consumed or injured in any way but grew green and blossomed beautifully; in that impregnable tower before the enemy, from which hung a thousand bucklers and all the armor of the strong; in that garden enclosed on all sides, which cannot be violated or corrupted by any deceitful plots; in that resplendent city of God, which has its foundations on the holy mountains; in that most august temple of God, which, radiant with divine splendours, is full of the glory of God; and in very many other biblical types of this kind." Title: Old English Passage: Some of the most important surviving works of Old English literature are Beowulf, an epic poem; the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a record of early English history; the Franks Casket, an inscribed early whalebone artefact; and Cædmon's Hymn, a Christian religious poem. There are also a number of extant prose works, such as sermons and saints' lives, biblical translations, and translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers, legal documents, such as laws and wills, and practical works on grammar, medicine, and geography. Still, poetry is considered the heart of Old English literature. Nearly all Anglo-Saxon authors are anonymous, with a few exceptions, such as Bede and Cædmon. Cædmon, the earliest English poet we know by name, served as a lay brother in the monastery at Whitby. Title: Middle Ages Passage: Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the "Carolingian Renaissance". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin. Title: Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands Passage: The Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands (in Dutch: "Statuut voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden"; in Papiamentu: "Statuut pa e Reino di Hulanda") is a legal instrument that sets out the political relationship between the four countries that constitute the Kingdom of the Netherlands: Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten in the Caribbean and the Netherlands (for the most part) in Europe. It is the leading legal document of the Kingdom. The Constitution of the Netherlands and the Basic Laws of the three other countries are legally subordinate to the Charter. Title: Immaculate Conception Passage: The report "Mary: Faith and Hope in Christ", by the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission, concluded that the teaching about Mary in the two definitions of the Assumption and the Immaculate Conception can be said to be consonant with the teaching of the Scriptures and the ancient common traditions. But the report expressed concerns that the Roman Catholic dogmatic definitions of these concepts implies them to be "revealed by God", stating: "The question arises for Anglicans, however, as to whether these doctrines concerning Mary are revealed by God in a way which must be held by believers as a matter of faith." Title: Szlachta Passage: The Polish term "szlachta" designated the formalized, hereditary noble class of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In official Latin documents of the old Commonwealth, hereditary szlachta are referred to as "nobilitas" and are indeed the equivalent in legal status of the English nobility. Title: Black people Passage: In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and exhibition of Aboriginal photography. In contrast to previous definitions based solely on the degree of Aboriginal ancestry, in 1990 the Government changed the legal definition of Aboriginal to include any: Title: Child labour Passage: Child labour has been a consistent struggle for children in Brazil ever since the country was colonized on April 22, 1550 by Pedro Álvares Cabral. Work that many children took part in was not always visible, legal, or paid. Free or slave labour was a common occurrence for many youths and was a part of their everyday lives as they grew into adulthood. Yet due to there being no clear definition of how to classify what a child or youth is, there has been little historical documentation of child labour during the colonial period. Due to this lack of documentation, it is hard to determine just how many children were used for what kinds of work before the nineteenth century. The first documentation of child labour in Brazil occurred during the time of indigenous societies and slave labour where it was found that children were forcibly working on tasks that exceeded their emotional and physical limits. Armando Dias, for example, died in November 1913 whilst still very young, a victim of an electric shock when entering the textile industry where he worked. Boys and girls were victims of industrial accidents on a daily basis. Title: Ellen Jens Passage: Ellen Jens is a Dutch television director and producer, best known for her collaboration with Wim T. Schippers on VPRO television. She has produced and directed a large number of other television shows, especially on literature and art, and is referred to as a "television legend". Title: Mega Manila Passage: "Mega Manila" is used in general reference to the relationship of Metro Manila to surrounding provinces. It references only provinces and not the exact settlement patterns of cities, towns, and barangays, which may be urban, suburban, mountains, or rural areas that are still part of provinces close enough to Manila to be lumped into the definition. Title: Tonsure Passage: Tonsure (/ ˈtɒnʃər /) is the practice of cutting or shaving some or all of the hair on the scalp, as a sign of religious devotion or humility. The term originates from the Latin word tōnsūra (meaning ``clipping ''or`` shearing'') and referred to a specific practice in medieval Catholicism, abandoned by papal order in 1972. Tonsure can also refer to the secular practice of shaving all or part of the scalp to show support or sympathy, or to designate mourning. Current usage more generally refers to cutting or shaving for monks, devotees, or mystics of any religion as a symbol of their renunciation of worldly fashion and esteem. Title: Maryland Toleration Act Passage: The Maryland Toleration Act, also known as the Act Concerning Religion, was a law mandating religious tolerance for Trinitarian Christians. It was passed on April 21, 1649, by the assembly of the Maryland colony, in St. Mary's City. It was the second law requiring religious tolerance in the British North American colonies and created one of the pioneer statutes passed by the legislative body of an organized colonial government to guarantee any degree of religious liberty. Specifically, the bill, now usually referred to as the Toleration Act, granted freedom of conscience to all Christians. (The colony which became Rhode Island passed a series of laws, the first in 1636, which prohibited religious persecution including against non-Trinitarians; Rhode Island was also the first government to separate church and state.) Historians argue that it helped inspire later legal protections for freedom of religion in the United States. The Calvert family, who founded Maryland partly as a refuge for English Catholics, sought enactment of the law to protect Catholic settlers and those of other religions that did not conform to the dominant Anglicanism of Britain and her colonies. Title: Literature Passage: Law offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant literature. The founding documents of many countries, including Constitutions and Law Codes, can count as literature; however, most legal writings rarely exhibit much literary merit, as they tend to be rather Written by Samuel Dean. Title: Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory Passage: The proposal that chromosomes carried the factors of Mendelian inheritance was initially controversial, but in 1913 it gained strong support when Eleanor Carothers documented definitive evidence of independent assortment of chromosomes in a species of grasshopper. Debate continued, however, until 1915 when Thomas Hunt Morgan's work on inheritance and genetic linkage in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster provided incontrovertible evidence for the proposal. The unifying theory stated that inheritance patterns may be generally explained by assuming that genes are located in specific sites on chromosomes. Title: USB Passage: The USB standard specifies relatively loose tolerances for compliant USB connectors to minimize physical incompatibilities in connectors from different vendors. To address a weakness present in some other connector standards, the USB specification also defines limits to the size of a connecting device in the area around its plug. This was done to prevent a device from blocking adjacent ports due to the size of the cable strain relief mechanism (usually molding integral with the cable outer insulation) at the connector. Compliant devices must either fit within the size restrictions or support a compliant extension cable that does. Title: Separation of church and state in the United States Passage: Some scholars and organizations disagree with the notion of "separation of church and state", or the way the Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional limitation on religious establishment. Such critics generally argue that the phrase misrepresents the textual requirements of the Constitution, while noting that many aspects of church and state were intermingled at the time the Constitution was ratified. These critics argue that the prevalent degree of separation of church and state could not have been intended by the constitutional framers. Some of the intermingling between church and state include religious references in official contexts, and such other founding documents as the United States Declaration of Independence, which references the idea of a "Creator" and "Nature's God", though these references did not ultimately appear in the Constitution nor do they mention any particular religious view of a "Creator" or "Nature's God." Title: Freemasonry Passage: The idea of Masonic brotherhood probably descends from a 16th-century legal definition of a brother as one who has taken an oath of mutual support to another. Accordingly, Masons swear at each degree to keep the contents of that degree secret, and to support and protect their brethren unless they have broken the law. In most Lodges the oath or obligation is taken on a Volume of Sacred Law, whichever book of divine revelation is appropriate to the religious beliefs of the individual brother (usually the Bible in the Anglo-American tradition). In Progressive continental Freemasonry, books other than scripture are permissible, a cause of rupture between Grand Lodges. Title: Indigenous peoples of the Americas Passage: Spanish mendicants in the sixteenth century taught indigenous scribes in their communities to write their languages in Latin letters and there is a large number of local-level documents in Nahuatl, Zapotec, Mixtec, and Yucatec Maya from the colonial era, many of which were part of lawsuits and other legal matters. Although Spaniards initially taught indigenous scribes alphabetic writing, the tradition became self-perpetuating at the local level. The Spanish crown gathered such documentation and contemporary Spanish translations were made for legal cases. Scholars have translated and analyzed these documents in what is called the New Philology to write histories of indigenous peoples from indigenous viewpoints. Title: Jehovah's Witnesses Passage: Divorce is discouraged, and remarriage is forbidden unless a divorce is obtained on the grounds of adultery, which they refer to as "a scriptural divorce". If a divorce is obtained for any other reason, remarriage is considered adulterous unless the prior spouse has died or is since considered to have committed sexual immorality. Extreme physical abuse, willful non-support of one's family, and what the religion terms "absolute endangerment of spirituality" are considered grounds for legal separation.	[ "Literature", "Immaculate Conception" ]
2hop__51965_165532	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Big Arvo, originally titled The Big Breakfast, is an Australian television program that was broadcast on the Seven Network from 1999 until 2005. It began in a morning timeslot under the name of \"The Big Breakfast\", before moving to the afternoon to make way for \"AMV: All Music Video\" and \"Sunrise\". The program was presented by four hosts, who hosted the show in a large model bus. The program included segments such as \"cool job\" and \"dare\" to amuse younger viewers and to teach viewers who had outgrown \"Play School\". It appeared in \"K-Zone\" magazine to celebrate 500 episodes.", "title": "The Big Arvo" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paul McClain is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Jansen Spencer. Paul made his first appearance on 4 November 1997. Paul departed on 11 December 2001. In 2005, Paul made a cameo in Annalise Hartman's documentary about Ramsay Street.", "title": "Paul McClain" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Do n't You (Forget About Me) ''is a 1985 pop song performed by Scottish rock band Simple Minds. The song is best known for being played during the opening and closing credits of the John Hughes film The Breakfast Club. It was written and composed by producer Keith Forsey and Steve Schiff, a guitarist and songwriter from the Nina Hagen band.", "title": "Don't You (Forget About Me)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saturday Breakfast was a New Zealand morning news and talkshow based on \"Breakfast\", that aired on Saturday mornings from 7-9am from 3 September 2011 until 15 December 2012 on TV One.", "title": "Saturday Breakfast" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Reporters is a weekly analytical programme shown on BBC News, during BBC Breakfast on BBC One and BBC World News.", "title": "Reporters (TV programme)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Here in My Heart\" is a song by American singer Tiffany, released as the second of three singles from her third studio album \"New Inside\" in 1990.", "title": "Here in My Heart (Tiffany song)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peoples Temple is the third studio album of the Italy-based musician, Tying Tiffany. In 2011, the album was followed by the remix EP, \"Peoples Temple Remix Edition\".", "title": "Peoples Temple (album)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While performing as a backup singer and dancer for the French disco artist Patrick Hernandez on his 1979 world tour, Madonna became romantically involved with musician Dan Gilroy. Together, they formed her first rock band, the Breakfast Club, for which Madonna sang and played drums and guitar. In 1980 or 1981 she left Breakfast Club and, with her former boyfriend Stephen Bray as drummer, formed the band Emmy. The two began writing songs together, and Madonna later decided to market herself as a solo act. Their music impressed DJ and record producer Mark Kamins who arranged a meeting between Madonna and Sire Records founder Seymour Stein.", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Breakfast at Tiffany's is a 1961 American romantic comedy film directed by Blake Edwards and written by George Axelrod, loosely based on Truman Capote's 1958 novella of the same name. Starring Audrey Hepburn and George Peppard, and featuring Patricia Neal, Buddy Ebsen, Martin Balsam, and Mickey Rooney, the film was initially released on October 5, 1961 by Paramount Pictures.", "title": "Breakfast at Tiffany's (film)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The company pioneered breakfast fast food with the introduction of the Egg McMuffin in 1972 when market research indicated that a quick breakfast would be welcomed by consumers. Five years later McDonald's added a full breakfast line to the menu, and by 1987 one - fourth of all breakfasts eaten out in the United States came from McDonald's restaurants. In test market locations, such as New York City, McDonald's added a full breakfast line to its menus in 1975.", "title": "History of McDonald's" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Breakfast at Tiffany's ''Single by Deep Blue Something from the album 11th Song and Home Released July 4, 1995 Format CD single, music cassette Recorded Genre Alternative rock, pop rock, jangle pop Length 4: 16 Label Interscope Songwriter (s) Todd Pipes Producer (s) David Castell Deep Blue Something singles chronology`` Breakfast at Tiffany's'' (1995) ``Halo ''(1996)`` Breakfast at Tiffany's'' (1995) ``Halo ''(1996)", "title": "Breakfast at Tiffany's (song)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tiffany Memorandum (also known as \"The Tiffany Memorandum\") is a 1967 Eurospy film directed by Sergio Grieco. It is an international co-production between Italy, France (where the film is known as \"Coup de force à Berlin\") and West Germany (where it was released as \"Komm Gorilla, schlag zu!\"). The film is set in Berlin.", "title": "Tiffany Memorandum" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles Lewis Tiffany (February 15, 1812 – February 18, 1902) was a nineteenth century leader in the American jewelry trade and founded New York City's Tiffany & Co. in 1837. Known for his jewelry expertise, Tiffany created the country's first retail catalog and introduced the English standard of sterling silver in imported jewelry in 1851.", "title": "Charles Lewis Tiffany" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brad Dourif as the voice of Chucky Jennifer Tilly as herself / the voice of Tiffany Billy Boyd as the voice of Glen Beans El - Balawi as Human Glen Kristina Hewitt as Human Glenda Redman as himself Hannah Spearritt as Joan John Waters as Pete Peters Jason Flemyng as himself / Santa Steve Lawton as Stan Tony Gardner as himself Rebecca Santos as Fulvia Keith - Lee Castle as Bill ``Psychs ''Sykes Paul Grossman as Little Boy Simon James Morgan as Richard Stephanie Chambers as Claudia's mom Betty Simons - Denville as Claudia", "title": "Seed of Chucky" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tiffany Blue is the colloquial name for the light medium robin egg blue color associated with Tiffany & Co., the New York City jewelry company created by Charles Tiffany and John Young in 1837. The color was used on the cover of Tiffany's \"Blue Book\", first published in 1845. Since then, Tiffany & Co. has used the color extensively on promotional materials like boxes and bags.", "title": "Tiffany Blue" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Five Days from Home is a 1979 American drama film directed by and starring George Peppard, with Sherry Boucher, Savannah Smith, Neville Brand, Victor Campos, and Robert Donner.", "title": "Five Days from Home" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daybreak Northern Ireland (previously \"GMTV Northern Ireland\") was the regional news strand for Northern Ireland provided for the ITV breakfast station ITV Breakfast.", "title": "Daybreak Northern Ireland" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Moon River ''is a song composed by Henry Mancini with lyrics by Johnny Mercer. It was originally performed by Audrey Hepburn in the 1961 movie Breakfast at Tiffany's, winning an Academy Award for Best Original Song. The song also won the 1962 Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Song of the Year.", "title": "Moon River" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chucky and Tiffany are brought back by their child when he reads the inscription on the Heart of Damballa. When they see he has no genitals (though he generally appears and sounds like a boy) Tiffany sees it as proof the child is a girl and names it Glenda (feminizing the name, Glen, which Chucky had given to him previously). Seed of Chucky focuses on their capers in Hollywood, where a movie is being made about their urban legend. Now going by ``Tiffany Ray '', Tiffany plans to transport her soul into the body of Jennifer Tilly (who happens to be playing her in the film). They also plan to impregnate her and put Glen / Glenda's soul in the baby's body. Their plan is successful, as Tilly swiftly gives birth to two babies, a boy and a girl. This works out perfectly as Glen / Glenda has a split personality: a sweet and caring boy, and a homicidal girl. However, Chucky decides to remain a doll, seeing that being human is n't so great. Disturbed by this, Tiffany leaves Chucky, taking Glen / Glenda with her, causing Chucky to get angry.", "title": "Tiffany Valentine" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "George Peppard as Paul Varjak (nicknamed ``Fred ''by Holly, for his resemblance to her brother) - Writer - New neighbor and kept man of`` 2E''", "title": "Breakfast at Tiffany's (film)" } ]	Who is the spouse of the actor who plays Paul in Breakfast at Tiffany's?	Sherry Boucher	[]	Title: Charles Lewis Tiffany Passage: Charles Lewis Tiffany (February 15, 1812 – February 18, 1902) was a nineteenth century leader in the American jewelry trade and founded New York City's Tiffany & Co. in 1837. Known for his jewelry expertise, Tiffany created the country's first retail catalog and introduced the English standard of sterling silver in imported jewelry in 1851. Title: Don't You (Forget About Me) Passage: ``Do n't You (Forget About Me) ''is a 1985 pop song performed by Scottish rock band Simple Minds. The song is best known for being played during the opening and closing credits of the John Hughes film The Breakfast Club. It was written and composed by producer Keith Forsey and Steve Schiff, a guitarist and songwriter from the Nina Hagen band. Title: Tiffany Blue Passage: Tiffany Blue is the colloquial name for the light medium robin egg blue color associated with Tiffany & Co., the New York City jewelry company created by Charles Tiffany and John Young in 1837. The color was used on the cover of Tiffany's "Blue Book", first published in 1845. Since then, Tiffany & Co. has used the color extensively on promotional materials like boxes and bags. Title: Reporters (TV programme) Passage: Reporters is a weekly analytical programme shown on BBC News, during BBC Breakfast on BBC One and BBC World News. Title: Breakfast at Tiffany's (song) Passage: ``Breakfast at Tiffany's ''Single by Deep Blue Something from the album 11th Song and Home Released July 4, 1995 Format CD single, music cassette Recorded Genre Alternative rock, pop rock, jangle pop Length 4: 16 Label Interscope Songwriter (s) Todd Pipes Producer (s) David Castell Deep Blue Something singles chronology`` Breakfast at Tiffany's'' (1995) ``Halo ''(1996)`` Breakfast at Tiffany's'' (1995) ``Halo ''(1996) Title: The Big Arvo Passage: The Big Arvo, originally titled The Big Breakfast, is an Australian television program that was broadcast on the Seven Network from 1999 until 2005. It began in a morning timeslot under the name of "The Big Breakfast", before moving to the afternoon to make way for "AMV: All Music Video" and "Sunrise". The program was presented by four hosts, who hosted the show in a large model bus. The program included segments such as "cool job" and "dare" to amuse younger viewers and to teach viewers who had outgrown "Play School". It appeared in "K-Zone" magazine to celebrate 500 episodes. Title: Saturday Breakfast Passage: Saturday Breakfast was a New Zealand morning news and talkshow based on "Breakfast", that aired on Saturday mornings from 7-9am from 3 September 2011 until 15 December 2012 on TV One. Title: Here in My Heart (Tiffany song) Passage: "Here in My Heart" is a song by American singer Tiffany, released as the second of three singles from her third studio album "New Inside" in 1990. Title: Daybreak Northern Ireland Passage: Daybreak Northern Ireland (previously "GMTV Northern Ireland") was the regional news strand for Northern Ireland provided for the ITV breakfast station ITV Breakfast. Title: Moon River Passage: ``Moon River ''is a song composed by Henry Mancini with lyrics by Johnny Mercer. It was originally performed by Audrey Hepburn in the 1961 movie Breakfast at Tiffany's, winning an Academy Award for Best Original Song. The song also won the 1962 Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Song of the Year. Title: Tiffany Valentine Passage: Chucky and Tiffany are brought back by their child when he reads the inscription on the Heart of Damballa. When they see he has no genitals (though he generally appears and sounds like a boy) Tiffany sees it as proof the child is a girl and names it Glenda (feminizing the name, Glen, which Chucky had given to him previously). Seed of Chucky focuses on their capers in Hollywood, where a movie is being made about their urban legend. Now going by ``Tiffany Ray '', Tiffany plans to transport her soul into the body of Jennifer Tilly (who happens to be playing her in the film). They also plan to impregnate her and put Glen / Glenda's soul in the baby's body. Their plan is successful, as Tilly swiftly gives birth to two babies, a boy and a girl. This works out perfectly as Glen / Glenda has a split personality: a sweet and caring boy, and a homicidal girl. However, Chucky decides to remain a doll, seeing that being human is n't so great. Disturbed by this, Tiffany leaves Chucky, taking Glen / Glenda with her, causing Chucky to get angry. Title: Five Days from Home Passage: Five Days from Home is a 1979 American drama film directed by and starring George Peppard, with Sherry Boucher, Savannah Smith, Neville Brand, Victor Campos, and Robert Donner. Title: Tiffany Memorandum Passage: Tiffany Memorandum (also known as "The Tiffany Memorandum") is a 1967 Eurospy film directed by Sergio Grieco. It is an international co-production between Italy, France (where the film is known as "Coup de force à Berlin") and West Germany (where it was released as "Komm Gorilla, schlag zu!"). The film is set in Berlin. Title: Paul McClain Passage: Paul McClain is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera "Neighbours", played by Jansen Spencer. Paul made his first appearance on 4 November 1997. Paul departed on 11 December 2001. In 2005, Paul made a cameo in Annalise Hartman's documentary about Ramsay Street. Title: Seed of Chucky Passage: Brad Dourif as the voice of Chucky Jennifer Tilly as herself / the voice of Tiffany Billy Boyd as the voice of Glen Beans El - Balawi as Human Glen Kristina Hewitt as Human Glenda Redman as himself Hannah Spearritt as Joan John Waters as Pete Peters Jason Flemyng as himself / Santa Steve Lawton as Stan Tony Gardner as himself Rebecca Santos as Fulvia Keith - Lee Castle as Bill ``Psychs ''Sykes Paul Grossman as Little Boy Simon James Morgan as Richard Stephanie Chambers as Claudia's mom Betty Simons - Denville as Claudia Title: History of McDonald's Passage: The company pioneered breakfast fast food with the introduction of the Egg McMuffin in 1972 when market research indicated that a quick breakfast would be welcomed by consumers. Five years later McDonald's added a full breakfast line to the menu, and by 1987 one - fourth of all breakfasts eaten out in the United States came from McDonald's restaurants. In test market locations, such as New York City, McDonald's added a full breakfast line to its menus in 1975. Title: Breakfast at Tiffany's (film) Passage: George Peppard as Paul Varjak (nicknamed ``Fred ''by Holly, for his resemblance to her brother) - Writer - New neighbor and kept man of`` 2E'' Title: Madonna (entertainer) Passage: While performing as a backup singer and dancer for the French disco artist Patrick Hernandez on his 1979 world tour, Madonna became romantically involved with musician Dan Gilroy. Together, they formed her first rock band, the Breakfast Club, for which Madonna sang and played drums and guitar. In 1980 or 1981 she left Breakfast Club and, with her former boyfriend Stephen Bray as drummer, formed the band Emmy. The two began writing songs together, and Madonna later decided to market herself as a solo act. Their music impressed DJ and record producer Mark Kamins who arranged a meeting between Madonna and Sire Records founder Seymour Stein. Title: Breakfast at Tiffany's (film) Passage: Breakfast at Tiffany's is a 1961 American romantic comedy film directed by Blake Edwards and written by George Axelrod, loosely based on Truman Capote's 1958 novella of the same name. Starring Audrey Hepburn and George Peppard, and featuring Patricia Neal, Buddy Ebsen, Martin Balsam, and Mickey Rooney, the film was initially released on October 5, 1961 by Paramount Pictures. Title: Peoples Temple (album) Passage: Peoples Temple is the third studio album of the Italy-based musician, Tying Tiffany. In 2011, the album was followed by the remix EP, "Peoples Temple Remix Edition".	[ "Five Days from Home", "Breakfast at Tiffany's (film)" ]
2hop__91667_81007	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beth Gordon (portrayed by Anne Archer), Melinda's mother and Aiden's grandmother, has the ability to communicate with ghosts, but chooses not to. She never came to terms with her mother or Melinda when it came to their gifts and prefers not to speak of anything that has to do with ghosts, or her husband Tom Gordon. Before she met Tom, she was in a relationship with a man named Paul Eastman, whom she was having a baby with when he went to jail. Once he died, Beth married Tom and never told Melinda about her real father. In ``Pater Familias '', Paul convinces Beth to tell Melinda the truth. She is then invited to watch the tall ships come into the harbor with Melinda, Jim and their friends, Rick, Delia, and Ned. She appeared in the episodes`` Melinda's First Ghost'', ``The Vanishing '',`` The Underneath'', and ``Pater Familias ''.", "title": "List of Ghost Whisperer characters" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edward Michael Trucco (born June 22, 1970) is an American actor known for his role as Samuel T. Anders on the reimagined Battlestar Galactica and his recurring role as Nick Podarutti in How I Met Your Mother. Recently appearing on the Netflix series, Disjointed, as Tae Kwon Douglas.", "title": "Michael Trucco" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theodore Evelyn Mosby is a fictional character and the main protagonist in the U.S. television sitcom How I Met Your Mother, portrayed by Josh Radnor. Ted also serves as the show's narrator from the future, voiced by Bob Saget, as he tells his children the ``long version ''of how he met their mother.", "title": "Ted Mosby" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tracy McConnell (colloquial: ``The Mother '') is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers '', as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti.", "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacoba Francisca Maria ``Cobie ''Smulders (born April 3, 1982) is a Canadian actress and model. She is best known for her roles as Robin Scherbatsky on the television series How I Met Your Mother (2005 -- 2014) and Maria Hill in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.", "title": "Cobie Smulders" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shelby Corcoran is a recurring fictional character from the Fox musical comedy-drama series \"Glee\". Portrayed by actress Idina Menzel, Shelby was introduced in the fourteenth episode of the show as the coach of Vocal Adrenaline, a rival show choir to New Directions, the show's primary musical group. Fans had lobbied for Menzel to be cast as Rachel Berry's (Lea Michele) biological mother, due to the strong physical resemblance between Menzel and Michele. After it is revealed that Shelby is, in fact, Rachel's biological mother, Shelby discloses that she had signed a contract that stated that she could not seek out her daughter until she was eighteen. She tells Rachel that instead of trying to act like mother and daughter, they should just be grateful that they have met, and maintain their distance.", "title": "Shelby Corcoran" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The story of how Ted met The Mother is the framing device behind the series; many facts about her are revealed throughout the series, including the fact that Ted once unwittingly owned her umbrella before accidentally leaving it behind in her apartment. Ted and The Mother meet at the Farhampton train station following Barney Stinson and Robin Scherbatsky's wedding; this scene is shown in ``Last Forever '', the series finale. The Mother's death from an unspecified terminal illness in 2024, also revealed in the series finale, received a mixed reaction from fans.", "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Bad News ''is the 13th episode of the sixth season of the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother and their 125th episode overall. It aired January 3, 2011. TV Guide listed`` Bad News'' in its list of 2011's Top TV Episodes.", "title": "Bad News (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The series concerns the adventures of Ted Mosby (played by Josh Radnor) narrating the story of how he met the mother of his children. The story goes into a flashback and starts in 2005 with a 27 - year - old Ted Mosby living in New York City and working as an architect; the narrative deals primarily with his best friends, including the long - lasting couple Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) and Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan); the eccentric, womanizing - playboy Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris); and news reporter Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders). The lives of all characters are entwined in each others. The series explores many storylines, including a ``will they or wo n't they ''relationship between Robin and each of the two single male friends, Marshall and Lily's relationship, and the ups and downs of the characters' careers.", "title": "How I Met Your Mother" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maya is happy to have figured out the story, but she realizes that her father will never love her mother romantically again because he still loves April. She figures this out from the way he talks about her in the story and that while he changes her mother's name from Sarah to Emily and Natasha's to Summer, he keeps April's name the same. Maya makes Will have an epiphany, realizing that he is miserable without April and has loved her all along since the moment he met her. They go to April's apartment and Will talks to her over the speaker. Just as Will and Maya begin to walk away (since April stopped responding and did n't let Will in the building), April runs out and asks what story Maya was talking about. Will tells April that he kept Jane Eyre because it was the only thing he had left of her (revealing in doing so that he still loves her). April hugs Will as she forgives him and then walks hand - in - hand with Maya into her building to hear the story. As Maya walks upstairs, April embraces Will (subsequently revealing that she loves him too) and they kiss.", "title": "Definitely, Maybe" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kristin Espinasse was born in the southwestern USA and completed a liberal arts degree at Arizona State University. She met her husband Jean-Marc in Aix-en-Provence while on an exchange program in France. She moved to France in 1992. Her mother Jules lives in Mexico.", "title": "Kristin Espinasse" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cristin Milioti (born August 16, 1985) is an American actress and vocalist. She has worked in Broadway theatre productions such as That Face, Stunning, and the Tony Award - winning musical Once. She also played the titular Mother on the sitcom How I Met Your Mother from 2013 to 2014, Teresa Petrillo Belfort in the 2013 film The Wolf of Wall Street, and Betsy Solverson in the second season of Fargo (2015). She has won a Grammy Award and has been nominated for a Tony Award.", "title": "Cristin Milioti" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Nothing Suits Me Like a Suit\" is a song performed by Neil Patrick Harris and the cast of the comedy series \"How I Met Your Mother\" from the 100th episode \"Girls Versus Suits\". Carter Bays and Craig Thomas were nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics for writing the song.", "title": "Nothing Suits Me Like a Suit" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bob Saget as Future Ted Mosby (voice only, uncredited), Ted's future self, telling his children the story of how he met their mother, in the year 2030.", "title": "How I Met Your Mother" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While the traditional love - story structure begins when the romantic leads first encounter each other, How I Met Your Mother does not introduce Ted's wife (Cristin Milioti) until the eighth - season finale, and only announces her name (Tracy McConnell) during the series finale. The show instead focuses on Ted's prior relationships and his dissatisfaction with those women, thus setting the stage for his eventual happiness with Tracy.", "title": "How I Met Your Mother" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marshall Eriksen How I Met Your Mother character Jason Segel in 2011 First appearance ``Pilot ''Last appearance`` Last Forever'' Created by Carter Bays Craig Thomas Portrayed by Jason Segel Information Gender Male Occupation Lawyer (2005 -- 2018), Judge (2018 --) Family Marvin Eriksen (father, deceased) Judy Eriksen (mother) Spouse (s) Lily Aldrin (2007 -- present) Children Marvin Waitforit Eriksen Daisy Eriksen Unnamed Third Child Nationality American", "title": "Marshall Eriksen" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Josh Radnor as Ted Mosby, an architect, college professor and the central character of the series. He is the main protagonist where he tells the story of his adult years from his late twenties to his early thirties and about all his obstacles he has to endure before he meets The One aka the Mother. This story is told by the Older Ted Mosby, and narrator of the series, Bob Saget. Ted moved to New York City with his friends Marshall and Lily after graduating from Wesleyan University. In New York, he met Barney at the urinal of MacLaren's and Robin, to whom he was immediately attracted. Ted is on a quest for happiness and ``The One '', the woman he will marry. Ted prefers more elegant and high - class interests than his friends have. He goes to great lengths to profess his love to the women in his life, but they all falter eventually. Despite these qualities, Ted often acts immaturely, such as partaking in wild activities with Barney. He meets the love of his life (the titular Mother) in the show's finale.", "title": "How I Met Your Mother" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "How I Met Your Mother (often abbreviated to HIMYM) is an American sitcom that originally aired on CBS from September 19, 2005, to March 31, 2014. The series follows the main character, Ted Mosby, and his group of friends in New York City's Manhattan. As a framing device, Ted, in the year 2030, recounts to his son and daughter the events that led him to meet their mother.", "title": "How I Met Your Mother" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "How I Met Your Mother (often abbreviated to HIMYM) is an American sitcom that originally aired on CBS from September 19, 2005 to March 31, 2014. The series follows the main character, Ted Mosby, and his group of friends in Manhattan. As a framing device, Ted, in the year 2030, recounts to his son and daughter the events that led him to meet their mother.", "title": "How I Met Your Mother" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The show's frame story depicts Ted (voice of Bob Saget, uncredited) verbally retelling the story to his son Luke (David Henrie) and daughter Penny (Lyndsy Fonseca) as they sit on the couch in the year 2030. This future - set frame is officially the show's ``present day ''and How I Met Your Mother exploits this framing device in numerous ways: to depict and re-depict events from multiple points of view; to set up jokes using quick and sometimes multiple flashbacks nested within the oral retelling; to substitute visual, verbal or aural euphemisms for activities Ted does n't want to talk about with his children (sexual practices, use of illicit substances, vulgar language, etc.); and even to add some elements of humor: in the episode`` How I Met Everyone Else'', Ted describes his dates with a girlfriend whose name he has forgotten, leading all characters to act as though her given name were ``Blah - Blah. ''", "title": "How I Met Your Mother" } ]	Who does the person telling the story in How I Met Your Mother end up with?	Tracy McConnell	[ "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)", "The Mother" ]	Title: Ted Mosby Passage: Theodore Evelyn Mosby is a fictional character and the main protagonist in the U.S. television sitcom How I Met Your Mother, portrayed by Josh Radnor. Ted also serves as the show's narrator from the future, voiced by Bob Saget, as he tells his children the ``long version ''of how he met their mother. Title: How I Met Your Mother Passage: The series concerns the adventures of Ted Mosby (played by Josh Radnor) narrating the story of how he met the mother of his children. The story goes into a flashback and starts in 2005 with a 27 - year - old Ted Mosby living in New York City and working as an architect; the narrative deals primarily with his best friends, including the long - lasting couple Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) and Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan); the eccentric, womanizing - playboy Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris); and news reporter Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders). The lives of all characters are entwined in each others. The series explores many storylines, including a ``will they or wo n't they ''relationship between Robin and each of the two single male friends, Marshall and Lily's relationship, and the ups and downs of the characters' careers. Title: List of Ghost Whisperer characters Passage: Beth Gordon (portrayed by Anne Archer), Melinda's mother and Aiden's grandmother, has the ability to communicate with ghosts, but chooses not to. She never came to terms with her mother or Melinda when it came to their gifts and prefers not to speak of anything that has to do with ghosts, or her husband Tom Gordon. Before she met Tom, she was in a relationship with a man named Paul Eastman, whom she was having a baby with when he went to jail. Once he died, Beth married Tom and never told Melinda about her real father. In ``Pater Familias '', Paul convinces Beth to tell Melinda the truth. She is then invited to watch the tall ships come into the harbor with Melinda, Jim and their friends, Rick, Delia, and Ned. She appeared in the episodes`` Melinda's First Ghost'', ``The Vanishing '',`` The Underneath'', and ``Pater Familias ''. Title: Definitely, Maybe Passage: Maya is happy to have figured out the story, but she realizes that her father will never love her mother romantically again because he still loves April. She figures this out from the way he talks about her in the story and that while he changes her mother's name from Sarah to Emily and Natasha's to Summer, he keeps April's name the same. Maya makes Will have an epiphany, realizing that he is miserable without April and has loved her all along since the moment he met her. They go to April's apartment and Will talks to her over the speaker. Just as Will and Maya begin to walk away (since April stopped responding and did n't let Will in the building), April runs out and asks what story Maya was talking about. Will tells April that he kept Jane Eyre because it was the only thing he had left of her (revealing in doing so that he still loves her). April hugs Will as she forgives him and then walks hand - in - hand with Maya into her building to hear the story. As Maya walks upstairs, April embraces Will (subsequently revealing that she loves him too) and they kiss. Title: Marshall Eriksen Passage: Marshall Eriksen How I Met Your Mother character Jason Segel in 2011 First appearance ``Pilot ''Last appearance`` Last Forever'' Created by Carter Bays Craig Thomas Portrayed by Jason Segel Information Gender Male Occupation Lawyer (2005 -- 2018), Judge (2018 --) Family Marvin Eriksen (father, deceased) Judy Eriksen (mother) Spouse (s) Lily Aldrin (2007 -- present) Children Marvin Waitforit Eriksen Daisy Eriksen Unnamed Third Child Nationality American Title: The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Passage: Tracy McConnell (colloquial: ``The Mother '') is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers '', as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti. Title: Michael Trucco Passage: Edward Michael Trucco (born June 22, 1970) is an American actor known for his role as Samuel T. Anders on the reimagined Battlestar Galactica and his recurring role as Nick Podarutti in How I Met Your Mother. Recently appearing on the Netflix series, Disjointed, as Tae Kwon Douglas. Title: How I Met Your Mother Passage: The show's frame story depicts Ted (voice of Bob Saget, uncredited) verbally retelling the story to his son Luke (David Henrie) and daughter Penny (Lyndsy Fonseca) as they sit on the couch in the year 2030. This future - set frame is officially the show's ``present day ''and How I Met Your Mother exploits this framing device in numerous ways: to depict and re-depict events from multiple points of view; to set up jokes using quick and sometimes multiple flashbacks nested within the oral retelling; to substitute visual, verbal or aural euphemisms for activities Ted does n't want to talk about with his children (sexual practices, use of illicit substances, vulgar language, etc.); and even to add some elements of humor: in the episode`` How I Met Everyone Else'', Ted describes his dates with a girlfriend whose name he has forgotten, leading all characters to act as though her given name were ``Blah - Blah. '' Title: Kristin Espinasse Passage: Kristin Espinasse was born in the southwestern USA and completed a liberal arts degree at Arizona State University. She met her husband Jean-Marc in Aix-en-Provence while on an exchange program in France. She moved to France in 1992. Her mother Jules lives in Mexico. Title: Shelby Corcoran Passage: Shelby Corcoran is a recurring fictional character from the Fox musical comedy-drama series "Glee". Portrayed by actress Idina Menzel, Shelby was introduced in the fourteenth episode of the show as the coach of Vocal Adrenaline, a rival show choir to New Directions, the show's primary musical group. Fans had lobbied for Menzel to be cast as Rachel Berry's (Lea Michele) biological mother, due to the strong physical resemblance between Menzel and Michele. After it is revealed that Shelby is, in fact, Rachel's biological mother, Shelby discloses that she had signed a contract that stated that she could not seek out her daughter until she was eighteen. She tells Rachel that instead of trying to act like mother and daughter, they should just be grateful that they have met, and maintain their distance. Title: How I Met Your Mother Passage: While the traditional love - story structure begins when the romantic leads first encounter each other, How I Met Your Mother does not introduce Ted's wife (Cristin Milioti) until the eighth - season finale, and only announces her name (Tracy McConnell) during the series finale. The show instead focuses on Ted's prior relationships and his dissatisfaction with those women, thus setting the stage for his eventual happiness with Tracy. Title: Cobie Smulders Passage: Jacoba Francisca Maria ``Cobie ''Smulders (born April 3, 1982) is a Canadian actress and model. She is best known for her roles as Robin Scherbatsky on the television series How I Met Your Mother (2005 -- 2014) and Maria Hill in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Title: Nothing Suits Me Like a Suit Passage: "Nothing Suits Me Like a Suit" is a song performed by Neil Patrick Harris and the cast of the comedy series "How I Met Your Mother" from the 100th episode "Girls Versus Suits". Carter Bays and Craig Thomas were nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics for writing the song. Title: Cristin Milioti Passage: Cristin Milioti (born August 16, 1985) is an American actress and vocalist. She has worked in Broadway theatre productions such as That Face, Stunning, and the Tony Award - winning musical Once. She also played the titular Mother on the sitcom How I Met Your Mother from 2013 to 2014, Teresa Petrillo Belfort in the 2013 film The Wolf of Wall Street, and Betsy Solverson in the second season of Fargo (2015). She has won a Grammy Award and has been nominated for a Tony Award. Title: The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Passage: The story of how Ted met The Mother is the framing device behind the series; many facts about her are revealed throughout the series, including the fact that Ted once unwittingly owned her umbrella before accidentally leaving it behind in her apartment. Ted and The Mother meet at the Farhampton train station following Barney Stinson and Robin Scherbatsky's wedding; this scene is shown in ``Last Forever '', the series finale. The Mother's death from an unspecified terminal illness in 2024, also revealed in the series finale, received a mixed reaction from fans. Title: Bad News (How I Met Your Mother) Passage: ``Bad News ''is the 13th episode of the sixth season of the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother and their 125th episode overall. It aired January 3, 2011. TV Guide listed`` Bad News'' in its list of 2011's Top TV Episodes. Title: How I Met Your Mother Passage: Josh Radnor as Ted Mosby, an architect, college professor and the central character of the series. He is the main protagonist where he tells the story of his adult years from his late twenties to his early thirties and about all his obstacles he has to endure before he meets The One aka the Mother. This story is told by the Older Ted Mosby, and narrator of the series, Bob Saget. Ted moved to New York City with his friends Marshall and Lily after graduating from Wesleyan University. In New York, he met Barney at the urinal of MacLaren's and Robin, to whom he was immediately attracted. Ted is on a quest for happiness and ``The One '', the woman he will marry. Ted prefers more elegant and high - class interests than his friends have. He goes to great lengths to profess his love to the women in his life, but they all falter eventually. Despite these qualities, Ted often acts immaturely, such as partaking in wild activities with Barney. He meets the love of his life (the titular Mother) in the show's finale. Title: How I Met Your Mother Passage: Bob Saget as Future Ted Mosby (voice only, uncredited), Ted's future self, telling his children the story of how he met their mother, in the year 2030. Title: How I Met Your Mother Passage: How I Met Your Mother (often abbreviated to HIMYM) is an American sitcom that originally aired on CBS from September 19, 2005 to March 31, 2014. The series follows the main character, Ted Mosby, and his group of friends in Manhattan. As a framing device, Ted, in the year 2030, recounts to his son and daughter the events that led him to meet their mother. Title: How I Met Your Mother Passage: How I Met Your Mother (often abbreviated to HIMYM) is an American sitcom that originally aired on CBS from September 19, 2005, to March 31, 2014. The series follows the main character, Ted Mosby, and his group of friends in New York City's Manhattan. As a framing device, Ted, in the year 2030, recounts to his son and daughter the events that led him to meet their mother.	[ "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)", "How I Met Your Mother" ]
2hop__463884_807572	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "title": "Pangi Territory" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Moorea-Maiao is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune is in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 17,816.", "title": "Moorea-Maiao" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level.", "title": "List of territorial entities where English is an official language" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population.", "title": "Krasnovishersky District" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma.", "title": "Texas–Indian wars" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town.", "title": "Saulkrasti Municipality" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri.", "title": "Kiri Territory" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Ira C. Allen Mansion is an historic property on the Green in Fair Haven, Vermont, United States. It is a contributing property to the Fair Haven Green Historic District.", "title": "Ira C. Allen Mansion" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "New Jersey's 13th Legislative District is one of 40 in the state, covering the Monmouth County municipalities of Aberdeen Township, Atlantic Highlands Borough, Fair Haven Borough, Hazlet Township, Highlands Borough, Holmdel Township, Keansburg Borough, Keyport Borough, Little Silver Borough, Marlboro Township, Middletown Township, Monmouth Beach Borough, Oceanport Borough, Rumson Borough, Sea Bright Borough and Union Beach Borough as of the 2011 apportionment.", "title": "13th Legislative District (New Jersey)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "title": "States of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pettai is a panchayat village and revenue village in Pondicherry Union Territory, India. Administratively, Pettai is under the Thirunallar Taluk (formerly Thirunallar Commune Panchayat) of Karaikal District, Pondicherry Union Territory. Pettai is situated on the banks of the Arasalar River, to the west of Karaikal town and south of Thirunallar.", "title": "Pettai, Karaikal" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Motru Coal Mine is an open-pit mining exploitation, one of the largest in Romania located in Motru, Gorj County. The legal entity managing the Motru mine is the National Company of Lignite Oltenia which was set up in 1997.", "title": "Motru Coal Mine" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The oblasts of the Soviet Union were second-level entities of the Soviet Union, and first-level entities of the republics of the Soviet Union.", "title": "Oblasts of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "title": "Australia" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list.", "title": "Taputapuatea" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Brzeziny is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Brzeziny, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Brzeziny, Łódź Voivodeship" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "title": "Minsk Region" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "title": "Tumaraa" } ]	What county is the Ira C. Allen Mansion located in?	Monmouth County	[]	Title: Taputapuatea Passage: Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list. Title: Saulkrasti Municipality Passage: Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town. Title: Ira C. Allen Mansion Passage: The Ira C. Allen Mansion is an historic property on the Green in Fair Haven, Vermont, United States. It is a contributing property to the Fair Haven Green Historic District. Title: 13th Legislative District (New Jersey) Passage: New Jersey's 13th Legislative District is one of 40 in the state, covering the Monmouth County municipalities of Aberdeen Township, Atlantic Highlands Borough, Fair Haven Borough, Hazlet Township, Highlands Borough, Holmdel Township, Keansburg Borough, Keyport Borough, Little Silver Borough, Marlboro Township, Middletown Township, Monmouth Beach Borough, Oceanport Borough, Rumson Borough, Sea Bright Borough and Union Beach Borough as of the 2011 apportionment. Title: Australia Passage: Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales. Title: Pettai, Karaikal Passage: Pettai is a panchayat village and revenue village in Pondicherry Union Territory, India. Administratively, Pettai is under the Thirunallar Taluk (formerly Thirunallar Commune Panchayat) of Karaikal District, Pondicherry Union Territory. Pettai is situated on the banks of the Arasalar River, to the west of Karaikal town and south of Thirunallar. Title: Pangi Territory Passage: Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi. Title: Moorea-Maiao Passage: Moorea-Maiao is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune is in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 17,816. Title: Motru Coal Mine Passage: Motru Coal Mine is an open-pit mining exploitation, one of the largest in Romania located in Motru, Gorj County. The legal entity managing the Motru mine is the National Company of Lignite Oltenia which was set up in 1997. Title: Federalism Passage: Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a "little constitution", called "organic law" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly. Title: List of territorial entities where English is an official language Passage: The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level. Title: Tumaraa Passage: Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea. Title: Oblasts of the Soviet Union Passage: The oblasts of the Soviet Union were second-level entities of the Soviet Union, and first-level entities of the republics of the Soviet Union. Title: Kiri Territory Passage: Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri. Title: States of Nigeria Passage: A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments. Title: Minsk Region Passage: Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, "Minskaja vobłasć" ; , "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500. Title: Texas–Indian wars Passage: Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma. Title: Cyprus Popular Bank Passage: Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group. Title: Gmina Brzeziny, Łódź Voivodeship Passage: Gmina Brzeziny is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Brzeziny, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina. Title: Krasnovishersky District Passage: Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population.	[ "Ira C. Allen Mansion", "13th Legislative District (New Jersey)" ]
2hop__390947_232243	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His style of design has been classified as New Objectivity, an art movement formed during the depression in 1920's Germany, as a counter-movement and an out growth of Expressionism.", "title": "Mart Stam" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Karl Moor (11 December 1852 in Fribourg – 14 June 1932 in Berlin) was a Swiss communist, and a channel for German financing of the 19th-century European Bolshevik movement.", "title": "Karl Moor (Swiss banker)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was a member of the Civic Alliance of Serbia (1990-1996) and of Social Democratic Union from its foundation in 1996 until the beginning of his diplomatic career in 2001, and has been member of the European Movement in Serbia and its Forum on International Relations (he was Forum's chairman from 2006 to 2008)", "title": "Ivo Visković" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daniel Marsin (born November 13, 1951 in Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the island of Guadeloupe. He is locally a member of \"Guadeloupe unie, socialisme et réalités\", and at the national level of the Modern Left, a satellite organisation of Nicolas Sarkozy' Union for a Popular Movement. He is a member of the parliamentary group European Democratic and Social Rally in the French Senate.", "title": "Daniel Marsin" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bernd Hüttemann (born December 8, 1970 in Paderborn) is Vice President of the European Movement International and Secretary General of the European Movement Germany.", "title": "Bernd Hüttemann" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ignazio Corrao (born 14 January 1984) is an Italian politician for the Five Star Movement and he is a member of the European Parliament since 2014.", "title": "Ignazio Corrao" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michel Guerry (born 2 December 1932) is a French politician and a member of the Senate of France. He is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement Party.", "title": "Michel Guerry" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "About that time the \"executionist movement\" (Polish: \"egzekucja praw\"--\"execution of the laws\") began to take form. Its members would seek to curb the power of the magnates at the Sejm and to strengthen the power of king and country. In 1562 at the Sejm in Piotrków they would force the magnates to return many leased crown lands to the king, and the king to create a standing army (wojsko kwarciane). One of the most famous members of this movement was Jan Zamoyski. After his death in 1605, the movement lost its political force.", "title": "Szlachta" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jean-Marie Cavada (born 24 February 1940 in Épinal, Vosges) is a French politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament for Ile de France from 2004 until 2019. Since 3 December 2011 he is president of the European Movement France.", "title": "Jean-Marie Cavada" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joan Llimona i Bruguera (1860-1926) was a Spanish artist who rose to popularity at end of the Romantic movement in Europe, Llimona was a key contributor to the modernist movement Llimona was born in Barcelona in 1860 and died in 1926 in his hometown of Barcelona. Despite his brief life, Llimona made a lasting impact on the modernist movement in European art during the early 20th century. Deeply influenced by religion, many of Llimona's works deal with religious scenes and beliefs and subsequently communicate often controversial religious messages.", "title": "Joan Llimona" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Constitutional Movement was a right wing political group in the United Kingdom. It was formed in 1979 by Andrew Fountaine as the National Front Constitutional Movement, a splinter group from the National Front. Offering a more moderate alternative to the NF, the Constitutional Movement claimed to have 2000 members by 1980.", "title": "Constitutional Movement" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christophe Béchu (born 11 June 1974 in Angers, Maine-et-Loire) is a French politician, President of the General Council of the Maine-et-Loire department since 2004 and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) elected in the 2009 European election to 2011 for the West France constituency. A former member of DL, he was a member of the leading centre-right Union for a Popular Movement, later The Republicans, until leaving the party in early December 2017.", "title": "Christophe Béchu" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alain Milon (born 16 September 1947) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Vaucluse department. He is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.", "title": "Alain Milon" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Antonyia Parvanova (; born 26 April 1962 in Dobrich) is a Bulgarian politician and Member of the European Parliament. She is a member of the National Movement Simeon II, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, and became an MEP on 1 January 2007 with the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union.", "title": "Antonia Parvanova" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roselyne Bachelot-Narquin, generally known as Roselyne Bachelot (born 24 December 1946 in Nevers, Nièvre), is a French politician, former Minister of Solidarity and Social Cohesion, and a member of the Union for a Popular Movement, which is part of the European People's Party.", "title": "Roselyne Bachelot" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki group (UHG), involved in the samizdat movement, human rights activist, prominent activist in the Jewish movement in Ukraine, and a political prisoner.", "title": "Yosyf Zisels" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Klaus Mehnert (October 10, 1906, Moscow, Russia – January 2, 1984, Freudenstadt, Germany) was a globetrotting German political scientist and a journalist. As a scholar, he was a prolific author; as a journalist, he practiced in the USSR as a correspondent, in China as a publisher, and in Germany. He was a professor at two American universities before World War II. In the late 1970s he authored several books on recent youth led political movements (youth movements) in various Western countries.", "title": "Klaus Mehnert" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The European Movement International is a lobbying association that coordinates the efforts of associations and national councils with the goal of promoting European integration, and disseminating information about it.", "title": "European Movement International" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Franck Proust (born 2 May 1963, in Poitiers) is a French politician of the Union for a Popular Movement and member of the European Parliament since 2011, first vice-chair of the French EPP Group delegation in the European Parliament. He is first deputy mayor of Nîmes. Being originally an entrepreneur, he is also an insurance agent in Nîmes.", "title": "Franck Proust" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "François Pillet (born 13 May 1950) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Cher department. He is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.", "title": "François Pillet" } ]	What is the goal of the group that European Movement Germany is a member of?	European integration	[]	Title: Constitutional Movement Passage: The Constitutional Movement was a right wing political group in the United Kingdom. It was formed in 1979 by Andrew Fountaine as the National Front Constitutional Movement, a splinter group from the National Front. Offering a more moderate alternative to the NF, the Constitutional Movement claimed to have 2000 members by 1980. Title: Jean-Marie Cavada Passage: Jean-Marie Cavada (born 24 February 1940 in Épinal, Vosges) is a French politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament for Ile de France from 2004 until 2019. Since 3 December 2011 he is president of the European Movement France. Title: François Pillet Passage: François Pillet (born 13 May 1950) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Cher department. He is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. Title: Roselyne Bachelot Passage: Roselyne Bachelot-Narquin, generally known as Roselyne Bachelot (born 24 December 1946 in Nevers, Nièvre), is a French politician, former Minister of Solidarity and Social Cohesion, and a member of the Union for a Popular Movement, which is part of the European People's Party. Title: Karl Moor (Swiss banker) Passage: Karl Moor (11 December 1852 in Fribourg – 14 June 1932 in Berlin) was a Swiss communist, and a channel for German financing of the 19th-century European Bolshevik movement. Title: Christophe Béchu Passage: Christophe Béchu (born 11 June 1974 in Angers, Maine-et-Loire) is a French politician, President of the General Council of the Maine-et-Loire department since 2004 and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) elected in the 2009 European election to 2011 for the West France constituency. A former member of DL, he was a member of the leading centre-right Union for a Popular Movement, later The Republicans, until leaving the party in early December 2017. Title: Bernd Hüttemann Passage: Bernd Hüttemann (born December 8, 1970 in Paderborn) is Vice President of the European Movement International and Secretary General of the European Movement Germany. Title: Klaus Mehnert Passage: Klaus Mehnert (October 10, 1906, Moscow, Russia – January 2, 1984, Freudenstadt, Germany) was a globetrotting German political scientist and a journalist. As a scholar, he was a prolific author; as a journalist, he practiced in the USSR as a correspondent, in China as a publisher, and in Germany. He was a professor at two American universities before World War II. In the late 1970s he authored several books on recent youth led political movements (youth movements) in various Western countries. Title: Mart Stam Passage: His style of design has been classified as New Objectivity, an art movement formed during the depression in 1920's Germany, as a counter-movement and an out growth of Expressionism. Title: Yosyf Zisels Passage: He was a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki group (UHG), involved in the samizdat movement, human rights activist, prominent activist in the Jewish movement in Ukraine, and a political prisoner. Title: Daniel Marsin Passage: Daniel Marsin (born November 13, 1951 in Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the island of Guadeloupe. He is locally a member of "Guadeloupe unie, socialisme et réalités", and at the national level of the Modern Left, a satellite organisation of Nicolas Sarkozy' Union for a Popular Movement. He is a member of the parliamentary group European Democratic and Social Rally in the French Senate. Title: Franck Proust Passage: Franck Proust (born 2 May 1963, in Poitiers) is a French politician of the Union for a Popular Movement and member of the European Parliament since 2011, first vice-chair of the French EPP Group delegation in the European Parliament. He is first deputy mayor of Nîmes. Being originally an entrepreneur, he is also an insurance agent in Nîmes. Title: Alain Milon Passage: Alain Milon (born 16 September 1947) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Vaucluse department. He is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. Title: Ignazio Corrao Passage: Ignazio Corrao (born 14 January 1984) is an Italian politician for the Five Star Movement and he is a member of the European Parliament since 2014. Title: European Movement International Passage: The European Movement International is a lobbying association that coordinates the efforts of associations and national councils with the goal of promoting European integration, and disseminating information about it. Title: Michel Guerry Passage: Michel Guerry (born 2 December 1932) is a French politician and a member of the Senate of France. He is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement Party. Title: Ivo Visković Passage: He was a member of the Civic Alliance of Serbia (1990-1996) and of Social Democratic Union from its foundation in 1996 until the beginning of his diplomatic career in 2001, and has been member of the European Movement in Serbia and its Forum on International Relations (he was Forum's chairman from 2006 to 2008) Title: Antonia Parvanova Passage: Antonyia Parvanova (; born 26 April 1962 in Dobrich) is a Bulgarian politician and Member of the European Parliament. She is a member of the National Movement Simeon II, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, and became an MEP on 1 January 2007 with the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union. Title: Joan Llimona Passage: Joan Llimona i Bruguera (1860-1926) was a Spanish artist who rose to popularity at end of the Romantic movement in Europe, Llimona was a key contributor to the modernist movement Llimona was born in Barcelona in 1860 and died in 1926 in his hometown of Barcelona. Despite his brief life, Llimona made a lasting impact on the modernist movement in European art during the early 20th century. Deeply influenced by religion, many of Llimona's works deal with religious scenes and beliefs and subsequently communicate often controversial religious messages. Title: Szlachta Passage: About that time the "executionist movement" (Polish: "egzekucja praw"--"execution of the laws") began to take form. Its members would seek to curb the power of the magnates at the Sejm and to strengthen the power of king and country. In 1562 at the Sejm in Piotrków they would force the magnates to return many leased crown lands to the king, and the king to create a standing army (wojsko kwarciane). One of the most famous members of this movement was Jan Zamoyski. After his death in 1605, the movement lost its political force.	[ "Bernd Hüttemann", "European Movement International" ]
2hop__819974_129669	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Santiago de Cassurrães e Póvoa de Cervães is a civil parish in the municipality of Mangualde, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Santiago de Cassurrães and Póvoa de Cervães. The population in 2011 was 1,414, in an area of 30.03 km².", "title": "Santiago de Cassurrães e Póvoa de Cervães" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Diana Bar is a beach library and gallery in Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal. Before being a public library it was a historic café with the same name. It is located in the south end of the city's main waterfront avenue, the Banhos Avenue (\"Avenida dos Banhos\", literally Baths Avenue).", "title": "Diana Bar" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Santa Sofía is a town and municipality in the Department of Boyacá, part of the subregion of the Ricaurte Province, Colombia. The urban centre of Santa Sofía is located at an altitude of on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, with the highest elevated parts of the municipality, that have a páramo ecosystem, reaching . Santa Sofía borders Moniquirá in the north, Gachantivá in the west, Villa de Leyva in the southeast, Sutamarchán in the south, Saboyá in the southwest, and Puente Nacional, Santander in the west.", "title": "Santa Sofía, Boyacá" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Santa Cruz de las Flores is the name of a town located south of Tlajomulco de Zuñiga, in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. It has been called Xochitlan, meaning \"Place of Flowers\" (\"xōchitl\" is Nahuatl for flower ).", "title": "Santa Cruz de las Flores, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aldealengua de Santa María is a municipality located in the province of Segovia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 78 inhabitants.", "title": "Aldealengua de Santa María" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "title": "States of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greater Metropolitan Area of Minho () is a former administrative division in Portugal. Founded in 2004, it consisted of 12 municipalities in the north of the country: Amares, Barcelos, Braga, Cabeceiras de Basto, Fafe, Guimarães, Póvoa de Lanhoso, Terras de Bouro, Vieira do Minho, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Vila Verde and Vizela, all of them part of the former Braga District. It was disbanded in 2009, when the intermunicipal communities Ave and Cávado were formed.", "title": "Greater Metropolitan Area of Minho" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guijo de Santa Bárbara is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. According to the 2005 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 429 inhabitants.", "title": "Guijo de Santa Bárbara" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Monastery of Santa Maria de la Murta is a former monastery of the order of the Hieronymites located in the Valley of La Murta in Alzira (Valencia), Spain.", "title": "Monastery of la Murta" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maria Carrillo High School is a public high school located in Santa Rosa, California, United States. It is managed by the Santa Rosa City Schools district. It opened in 1996 and is located in the Rincon Valley neighborhood of Santa Rosa.", "title": "Maria Carrillo High School" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Casa de los Pinelo is a Renaissance building located in the centre of Seville in Spain. It houses both the Real Academia Sevillana de Buenas Letras and the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de Santa Isabel de Hungría.", "title": "Casa de los Pinelo" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Monastery of Santa María de Aguas Vivas, located in the municipality of Carcaixent (Valencia), Spain, is a religious building dating back to the 13th century.", "title": "Monastery of Aguas Vivas" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Vila Franca de Xira () is a municipality in the Lisbon District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 136,886, in an area of 318.19 km². Situated on both banks of the Tagus River, 32 km north-east of the Portuguese capital Lisbon, settlement in the area dates back to neolithic times, as evidenced by findings in the Cave of Pedra Furada. Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200.", "title": "Vila Franca de Xira" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Santa Cruz de Moya is a municipality located in the province of Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 423 inhabitants.", "title": "Santa Cruz de Moya" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Santa Marta de Magasca is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 252 inhabitants.", "title": "Santa Marta de Magasca" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Campestre do Menino Deus (\"Campestral of Child God\") is a bairro in the District of Sede in the municipality of Santa Maria, in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is located in north Santa Maria.", "title": "Campestre do Menino Deus" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Póvoa de Santa Iria e Forte da Casa is a civil parish in the municipality of Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Póvoa de Santa Iria and Forte da Casa. The population in 2011 was 40,404, in an area of 9.16 km².", "title": "Póvoa de Santa Iria e Forte da Casa" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tancredo Neves (\"Tancredo Neves - Brazilian President\") is a bairro in the District of Sede in the municipality of Santa Maria, in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is located in west Santa Maria.", "title": "Tancredo Neves, Santa Maria" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "title": "Minsk Region" } ]	In which state is Póvoa de Santa Iria's municipality located?	Lisbon District	[ "Lisbon" ]	Title: Casa de los Pinelo Passage: The Casa de los Pinelo is a Renaissance building located in the centre of Seville in Spain. It houses both the Real Academia Sevillana de Buenas Letras and the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de Santa Isabel de Hungría. Title: Diana Bar Passage: Diana Bar is a beach library and gallery in Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal. Before being a public library it was a historic café with the same name. It is located in the south end of the city's main waterfront avenue, the Banhos Avenue ("Avenida dos Banhos", literally Baths Avenue). Title: Vila Franca de Xira Passage: Vila Franca de Xira () is a municipality in the Lisbon District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 136,886, in an area of 318.19 km². Situated on both banks of the Tagus River, 32 km north-east of the Portuguese capital Lisbon, settlement in the area dates back to neolithic times, as evidenced by findings in the Cave of Pedra Furada. Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200. Title: Santa Cruz de las Flores, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco Passage: Santa Cruz de las Flores is the name of a town located south of Tlajomulco de Zuñiga, in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. It has been called Xochitlan, meaning "Place of Flowers" ("xōchitl" is Nahuatl for flower ). Title: Santiago de Cassurrães e Póvoa de Cervães Passage: Santiago de Cassurrães e Póvoa de Cervães is a civil parish in the municipality of Mangualde, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Santiago de Cassurrães and Póvoa de Cervães. The population in 2011 was 1,414, in an area of 30.03 km². Title: Aldealengua de Santa María Passage: Aldealengua de Santa María is a municipality located in the province of Segovia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 78 inhabitants. Title: States of Nigeria Passage: A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments. Title: Monastery of la Murta Passage: The Monastery of Santa Maria de la Murta is a former monastery of the order of the Hieronymites located in the Valley of La Murta in Alzira (Valencia), Spain. Title: Santa Cruz de Moya Passage: Santa Cruz de Moya is a municipality located in the province of Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 423 inhabitants. Title: Santa Marta de Magasca Passage: Santa Marta de Magasca is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 252 inhabitants. Title: Minsk Region Passage: Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, "Minskaja vobłasć" ; , "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500. Title: Maria Carrillo High School Passage: Maria Carrillo High School is a public high school located in Santa Rosa, California, United States. It is managed by the Santa Rosa City Schools district. It opened in 1996 and is located in the Rincon Valley neighborhood of Santa Rosa. Title: Santa Sofía, Boyacá Passage: Santa Sofía is a town and municipality in the Department of Boyacá, part of the subregion of the Ricaurte Province, Colombia. The urban centre of Santa Sofía is located at an altitude of on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, with the highest elevated parts of the municipality, that have a páramo ecosystem, reaching . Santa Sofía borders Moniquirá in the north, Gachantivá in the west, Villa de Leyva in the southeast, Sutamarchán in the south, Saboyá in the southwest, and Puente Nacional, Santander in the west. Title: Póvoa de Santa Iria e Forte da Casa Passage: Póvoa de Santa Iria e Forte da Casa is a civil parish in the municipality of Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Póvoa de Santa Iria and Forte da Casa. The population in 2011 was 40,404, in an area of 9.16 km². Title: Greater Metropolitan Area of Minho Passage: Greater Metropolitan Area of Minho () is a former administrative division in Portugal. Founded in 2004, it consisted of 12 municipalities in the north of the country: Amares, Barcelos, Braga, Cabeceiras de Basto, Fafe, Guimarães, Póvoa de Lanhoso, Terras de Bouro, Vieira do Minho, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Vila Verde and Vizela, all of them part of the former Braga District. It was disbanded in 2009, when the intermunicipal communities Ave and Cávado were formed. Title: Federalism Passage: Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a "little constitution", called "organic law" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly. Title: Tancredo Neves, Santa Maria Passage: Tancredo Neves ("Tancredo Neves - Brazilian President") is a bairro in the District of Sede in the municipality of Santa Maria, in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is located in west Santa Maria. Title: Monastery of Aguas Vivas Passage: The Monastery of Santa María de Aguas Vivas, located in the municipality of Carcaixent (Valencia), Spain, is a religious building dating back to the 13th century. Title: Guijo de Santa Bárbara Passage: Guijo de Santa Bárbara is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. According to the 2005 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 429 inhabitants. Title: Campestre do Menino Deus Passage: Campestre do Menino Deus ("Campestral of Child God") is a bairro in the District of Sede in the municipality of Santa Maria, in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is located in north Santa Maria.	[ "Vila Franca de Xira", "Póvoa de Santa Iria e Forte da Casa" ]
2hop__794999_113442	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The program has been hosted by 12 different moderators to date, beginning with creator Martha Rountree. The show's moderator since 2014 is Chuck Todd, who also serves as political director for NBC News.", "title": "Meet the Press" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Feast in the House of Levi or Christ in the House of Levi is a 1573 painting by Italian painter Paolo Veronese and one of the largest canvases of the 16th century, measuring . It is now in the Gallerie dell'Accademia in Venice. It was painted by Veronese for the rear wall of the refectory of the Basilica di Santi Giovanni e Paolo, a Dominican friary, as a \"Last Supper\", to replace an earlier work by Titian destroyed in the fire of 1571.", "title": "The Feast in the House of Levi" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wiehre (preceded in German with the definite article \"die:\" \"\"die Wiehre\"\") is a residential district at the edge of Freiburg im Breisgau, located southwards and across the River Dreisam from the Old City. It is a desirable district, with comparatively quiet streets and many well-preserved commercial and residential buildings dating from the 18th century and earlier. Housing there is expensive relative to the rest of the city. The Wiehre is bordered on the west by the Rheintalbahn Karlsruhe-Basel, on the north by the Dreisam, on the east by the Waldsee (another district of Freiburg), and on the south by a wood known as the Sternwald am Bromberg and the village of Günterstal (which also belongs to Freiburg). The Günterstal Landstrasse, which begins at the St. Martin's Gate in the ancient town wall, bisects the Wiehre.", "title": "Wiehre" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Yellow Christ (in French: Le Christ jaune) is a painting executed by Paul Gauguin in 1889 in Pont-Aven. Together with \"The Green Christ\", it is considered to be one of the key works of Symbolism in painting.", "title": "The Yellow Christ" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sir John Everett Millais, 1st Baronet ( , ; 8 June 1829 – 13 August 1896) was an English painter and illustrator who was one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. He was a child prodigy who, aged eleven, became the youngest student to enter the Royal Academy Schools. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was founded at his family home in London, at 83 Gower Street (now number 7). Millais became the most famous exponent of the style, his painting \"Christ in the House of His Parents\" (1850) generating considerable controversy, and painting perhaps the embodiment of the school, \"Ophelia\", in 1850-51.", "title": "John Everett Millais" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buildings at 10, 12, 14, and 16 East Chase Street is a historic set of rowhouses located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Number 10 is a -story brick townhouse with a 3-bay front façade, fitted with marble facing from ground to first floor level. It is believed to have been designed by Bruce Price and / or E. Francis Baldwin, architects of neighboring Christ Church. Numbers 12, 14, and 16, by contrast, are identical -story, two-bay houses constructed of green serpentine marble with contrasting stone detail. The group dates from between 1870 and 1875. They represent a fine example of the Gothic Revival style as interpreted for domestic architecture.", "title": "Buildings at 10, 12, 14, and 16 East Chase Street" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since Ars Nova's founding, they've launched the careers of luminaries like Lin - Manuel Miranda (Pulitzer - winning playwright / composer of Hamilton & In The Heights), Liz Meriwether (Emmy - nominated creator of television's New Girl), Beau Willimon (Emmy - winning creator of Netflix's House of Cards), Amy Herzog (OBIE Award - winning playwright of 4000 Miles), Dave Malloy (Richard Rogers Award for Musical Theatre winner for Natasha, Pierre & the Great Comet of 1812), Annie Baker (Pulitzer Prize - winning playwright of The Flick & Circle Mirror Transformation), Thomas Kail (Director of In The Heights and Hamilton), Alex Timbers (two - time tony nominated writer and director, recently directed Rocky, and Peter and the Starcatcher), Billy Eichner (creator of Funny or Die's Billy on the Street), and Bridget Everett (comedian and cabaret performer), among others.", "title": "Ars Nova (theater)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael T. Scott is an American comedy writer, animation director and creator of the Happy Fatties online cartoon series, which has been featured on several notable web video sites including, YouTube, Dailymotion, Yahoo! Video, Openfilm, Animation World Network, Crackle, Aniboom, Funny or Die and Newgrounds.", "title": "Michael T. Scott" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Butcher's Shop is the title of two paintings by the Italian Baroque painter Annibale Carracci, both dating from the early 1580s. They are now in the collections of Christ Church Picture Gallery, Oxford, and the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas.", "title": "Butcher's Shop" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Christ in the House of His Parents (1849–50) is a painting by John Everett Millais depicting the Holy Family in Saint Joseph's carpentry workshop. The painting was extremely controversial when first exhibited, prompting many negative reviews, most notably one written by Charles Dickens. It catapulted the previously obscure Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood to notoriety and was a major contributor to the debate about Realism in the arts.", "title": "Christ in the House of His Parents" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Passion of the Jew\" is the third episode of the eighth season and the 114th overall episode of the American animated series \"South Park\", originally broadcast on Comedy Central on March 31, 2004. It was written and directed by Trey Parker, who, along with fellow series co-creator Matt Stone, voiced most of the characters in the episode. \"The Passion of the Jew\" is a satirical critique of the media discourse and controversy surrounding Mel Gibson's 2004 film, \"The Passion of the Christ\".", "title": "The Passion of the Jew" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christ Church is a Protestant church in Kotri District of Hyderabad in the province of Sindh in Pakistan. It attends to a Congregational strength of approximately 100 people and is located in the town of Kotri. The church is administered by the Diocese of Hyderabad, Church of Pakistan. This Church is one of the oldest churches in Sindh. Build Date 22 Dec 1847", "title": "Christ Church, Kotri" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alpha House is an American political satire web television series produced by Amazon Studios. The show starred John Goodman, Clark Johnson, Matt Malloy, and Mark Consuelos as four Republican U.S. Senators who share a house in Washington, D.C. It was created by \"Doonesbury\" creator Garry Trudeau. The show premiered on Amazon.com on April 19, 2013.", "title": "Alpha House" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carlos Barral was born in Barcelona, Spain. In 1957, he joined Víctor Seix in the management of the publishing house Seix Barral, which had been founded by his parents in 1911, and which became the most prestigious publishing house in the 1960s and thereafter.", "title": "Carlos Barral" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Converted British Family Sheltering a Christian Missionary from the Persecution of the Druids is a painting by William Holman Hunt that was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1850 and is now in the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. It was a companion to John Everett Millais's \"Christ in the House of His Parents\". Both artists sought to depict similar episodes from very early Christian history, portraying families helping an injured individual. Both also stressed the primitivism of the scene.", "title": "A Converted British Family Sheltering a Christian Missionary from the Persecution of the Druids" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other notable places include Elizabeth Fort, the Cork Opera House, Christ Church on South Main Street (now the Triskel Arts Centre and original site of early Hiberno-Norse church), St Mary's Dominican Church on Popes Quay and Fitzgerald's Park to the west of the city, which contains the Cork Public Museum. Other popular tourist attractions include the grounds of University College Cork, through which the River Lee flows, the Women's Gaol at Sundays Well (now a heritage centre) and the English Market. This covered market traces its origins back to 1610, and the present building dates from 1786.", "title": "Cork (city)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arthur Christ Agnos (born Arthouros Agnos [] September 1, 1938) is an American politician. He served as the 39th mayor of San Francisco, California from 1988 to 1992 and as the Regional Head of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development from 1993 to 2001.", "title": "Art Agnos" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hundertwasserhaus is an apartment house in Vienna, Austria, built after the idea and concept of Austrian artist Friedensreich Hundertwasser with architect Joseph Krawina as a co-creator.", "title": "Hundertwasserhaus" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Randy Marsh and Sharon Marsh (née Kimble) are fictional characters in the animated television series \"South Park\". They are the most prominent set of parents on the show and a middle-class married couple who raise their 10-year-old son Stan and 13-year-old daughter Shelly in the fictional town of South Park, Colorado. Their first names are derived from the first names of series co-creator Trey Parker's parents, and Parker describes Randy as \"the biggest dingbat in the entire show\". According to the season 16 episode \"Reverse Cowgirl\", the Marsh home address is 260 Avenidas de los Mexicanos.", "title": "Randy and Sharon Marsh" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Vienna Diptych or the Fall and Redemption of Man is a religious diptych by the Flemish artist Hugo van der Goes depicting the fall of man on the left panel and the lamentation of Christ on the right panel. Painted in the second half of the 15th century, the diptych is housed in the Austrian Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.", "title": "Vienna Diptych" } ]	When did the creator of Christ in the House of His Parents die?	13 August 1896	[]	Title: Wiehre Passage: Wiehre (preceded in German with the definite article "die:" ""die Wiehre"") is a residential district at the edge of Freiburg im Breisgau, located southwards and across the River Dreisam from the Old City. It is a desirable district, with comparatively quiet streets and many well-preserved commercial and residential buildings dating from the 18th century and earlier. Housing there is expensive relative to the rest of the city. The Wiehre is bordered on the west by the Rheintalbahn Karlsruhe-Basel, on the north by the Dreisam, on the east by the Waldsee (another district of Freiburg), and on the south by a wood known as the Sternwald am Bromberg and the village of Günterstal (which also belongs to Freiburg). The Günterstal Landstrasse, which begins at the St. Martin's Gate in the ancient town wall, bisects the Wiehre. Title: Ars Nova (theater) Passage: Since Ars Nova's founding, they've launched the careers of luminaries like Lin - Manuel Miranda (Pulitzer - winning playwright / composer of Hamilton & In The Heights), Liz Meriwether (Emmy - nominated creator of television's New Girl), Beau Willimon (Emmy - winning creator of Netflix's House of Cards), Amy Herzog (OBIE Award - winning playwright of 4000 Miles), Dave Malloy (Richard Rogers Award for Musical Theatre winner for Natasha, Pierre & the Great Comet of 1812), Annie Baker (Pulitzer Prize - winning playwright of The Flick & Circle Mirror Transformation), Thomas Kail (Director of In The Heights and Hamilton), Alex Timbers (two - time tony nominated writer and director, recently directed Rocky, and Peter and the Starcatcher), Billy Eichner (creator of Funny or Die's Billy on the Street), and Bridget Everett (comedian and cabaret performer), among others. Title: The Passion of the Jew Passage: "The Passion of the Jew" is the third episode of the eighth season and the 114th overall episode of the American animated series "South Park", originally broadcast on Comedy Central on March 31, 2004. It was written and directed by Trey Parker, who, along with fellow series co-creator Matt Stone, voiced most of the characters in the episode. "The Passion of the Jew" is a satirical critique of the media discourse and controversy surrounding Mel Gibson's 2004 film, "The Passion of the Christ". Title: A Converted British Family Sheltering a Christian Missionary from the Persecution of the Druids Passage: A Converted British Family Sheltering a Christian Missionary from the Persecution of the Druids is a painting by William Holman Hunt that was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1850 and is now in the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. It was a companion to John Everett Millais's "Christ in the House of His Parents". Both artists sought to depict similar episodes from very early Christian history, portraying families helping an injured individual. Both also stressed the primitivism of the scene. Title: Cork (city) Passage: Other notable places include Elizabeth Fort, the Cork Opera House, Christ Church on South Main Street (now the Triskel Arts Centre and original site of early Hiberno-Norse church), St Mary's Dominican Church on Popes Quay and Fitzgerald's Park to the west of the city, which contains the Cork Public Museum. Other popular tourist attractions include the grounds of University College Cork, through which the River Lee flows, the Women's Gaol at Sundays Well (now a heritage centre) and the English Market. This covered market traces its origins back to 1610, and the present building dates from 1786. Title: Carlos Barral Passage: Carlos Barral was born in Barcelona, Spain. In 1957, he joined Víctor Seix in the management of the publishing house Seix Barral, which had been founded by his parents in 1911, and which became the most prestigious publishing house in the 1960s and thereafter. Title: The Feast in the House of Levi Passage: The Feast in the House of Levi or Christ in the House of Levi is a 1573 painting by Italian painter Paolo Veronese and one of the largest canvases of the 16th century, measuring . It is now in the Gallerie dell'Accademia in Venice. It was painted by Veronese for the rear wall of the refectory of the Basilica di Santi Giovanni e Paolo, a Dominican friary, as a "Last Supper", to replace an earlier work by Titian destroyed in the fire of 1571. Title: Butcher's Shop Passage: Butcher's Shop is the title of two paintings by the Italian Baroque painter Annibale Carracci, both dating from the early 1580s. They are now in the collections of Christ Church Picture Gallery, Oxford, and the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas. Title: Christ Church, Kotri Passage: Christ Church is a Protestant church in Kotri District of Hyderabad in the province of Sindh in Pakistan. It attends to a Congregational strength of approximately 100 people and is located in the town of Kotri. The church is administered by the Diocese of Hyderabad, Church of Pakistan. This Church is one of the oldest churches in Sindh. Build Date 22 Dec 1847 Title: The Yellow Christ Passage: The Yellow Christ (in French: Le Christ jaune) is a painting executed by Paul Gauguin in 1889 in Pont-Aven. Together with "The Green Christ", it is considered to be one of the key works of Symbolism in painting. Title: Meet the Press Passage: The program has been hosted by 12 different moderators to date, beginning with creator Martha Rountree. The show's moderator since 2014 is Chuck Todd, who also serves as political director for NBC News. Title: Randy and Sharon Marsh Passage: Randy Marsh and Sharon Marsh (née Kimble) are fictional characters in the animated television series "South Park". They are the most prominent set of parents on the show and a middle-class married couple who raise their 10-year-old son Stan and 13-year-old daughter Shelly in the fictional town of South Park, Colorado. Their first names are derived from the first names of series co-creator Trey Parker's parents, and Parker describes Randy as "the biggest dingbat in the entire show". According to the season 16 episode "Reverse Cowgirl", the Marsh home address is 260 Avenidas de los Mexicanos. Title: Alpha House Passage: Alpha House is an American political satire web television series produced by Amazon Studios. The show starred John Goodman, Clark Johnson, Matt Malloy, and Mark Consuelos as four Republican U.S. Senators who share a house in Washington, D.C. It was created by "Doonesbury" creator Garry Trudeau. The show premiered on Amazon.com on April 19, 2013. Title: John Everett Millais Passage: Sir John Everett Millais, 1st Baronet ( , ; 8 June 1829 – 13 August 1896) was an English painter and illustrator who was one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. He was a child prodigy who, aged eleven, became the youngest student to enter the Royal Academy Schools. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was founded at his family home in London, at 83 Gower Street (now number 7). Millais became the most famous exponent of the style, his painting "Christ in the House of His Parents" (1850) generating considerable controversy, and painting perhaps the embodiment of the school, "Ophelia", in 1850-51. Title: Michael T. Scott Passage: Michael T. Scott is an American comedy writer, animation director and creator of the Happy Fatties online cartoon series, which has been featured on several notable web video sites including, YouTube, Dailymotion, Yahoo! Video, Openfilm, Animation World Network, Crackle, Aniboom, Funny or Die and Newgrounds. Title: Christ in the House of His Parents Passage: Christ in the House of His Parents (1849–50) is a painting by John Everett Millais depicting the Holy Family in Saint Joseph's carpentry workshop. The painting was extremely controversial when first exhibited, prompting many negative reviews, most notably one written by Charles Dickens. It catapulted the previously obscure Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood to notoriety and was a major contributor to the debate about Realism in the arts. Title: Buildings at 10, 12, 14, and 16 East Chase Street Passage: Buildings at 10, 12, 14, and 16 East Chase Street is a historic set of rowhouses located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Number 10 is a -story brick townhouse with a 3-bay front façade, fitted with marble facing from ground to first floor level. It is believed to have been designed by Bruce Price and / or E. Francis Baldwin, architects of neighboring Christ Church. Numbers 12, 14, and 16, by contrast, are identical -story, two-bay houses constructed of green serpentine marble with contrasting stone detail. The group dates from between 1870 and 1875. They represent a fine example of the Gothic Revival style as interpreted for domestic architecture. Title: Vienna Diptych Passage: The Vienna Diptych or the Fall and Redemption of Man is a religious diptych by the Flemish artist Hugo van der Goes depicting the fall of man on the left panel and the lamentation of Christ on the right panel. Painted in the second half of the 15th century, the diptych is housed in the Austrian Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. Title: Hundertwasserhaus Passage: The Hundertwasserhaus is an apartment house in Vienna, Austria, built after the idea and concept of Austrian artist Friedensreich Hundertwasser with architect Joseph Krawina as a co-creator. Title: Art Agnos Passage: Arthur Christ Agnos (born Arthouros Agnos [] September 1, 1938) is an American politician. He served as the 39th mayor of San Francisco, California from 1988 to 1992 and as the Regional Head of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development from 1993 to 2001.	[ "John Everett Millais", "Christ in the House of His Parents" ]
2hop__555792_30351	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While there is some dispute as to the matter of influence, Popper had a long-standing and close friendship with economist Friedrich Hayek, who was also brought to the London School of Economics from Vienna. Each found support and similarities in the other's work, citing each other often, though not without qualification. In a letter to Hayek in 1944, Popper stated, \"I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker, except perhaps Alfred Tarski.\" Popper dedicated his Conjectures and Refutations to Hayek. For his part, Hayek dedicated a collection of papers, Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, to Popper, and in 1982 said, \"...ever since his Logik der Forschung first came out in 1934, I have been a complete adherent to his general theory of methodology.\"", "title": "Karl Popper" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab, and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach, inspired Hayek's first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the \"sense data\" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nicholas Eftimiades is an American government official, author, and educator best known for his work \"Chinese Intelligence Operations\" (1994). He currently resides in the Tokyo area.", "title": "Nicholas Eftimiades" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the difficult 1930s of the Great Depression, government at all levels was integral to creating jobs. The city provided recreational and educational programs, and hired people for public works projects. In 1932, Raleigh Memorial Auditorium was dedicated. The North Carolina Symphony, founded the same year, performed in its new home. From 1934 to 1937, the federal Civilian Conservation Corps constructed the area now known as William B. Umstead State Park. In 1939, the State General Assembly chartered the Raleigh-Durham Aeronautical Authority to build a larger airport between Raleigh and Durham, with the first flight occurring in 1943.", "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading economic theorists in the world, and his development of the economics of processes in time and the co-ordination function of prices inspired the ground-breaking work of John Hicks, Abba Lerner, and many others in the development of modern microeconomics.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1978, Hayek came into conflict with the Liberal Party leader, David Steel, who claimed that liberty was possible only with \"social justice and an equitable distribution of wealth and power, which in turn require a degree of active government intervention\" and that the Conservative Party were more concerned with the connection between liberty and private enterprise than between liberty and democracy. Hayek claimed that a limited democracy might be better than other forms of limited government at protecting liberty but that an unlimited democracy was worse than other forms of unlimited government because \"its government loses the power even to do what it thinks right if any group on which its majority depends thinks otherwise\".", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christopher Vincent Metzen (born November 22, 1973) is an American game designer, artist, voice actor, and author known for his work creating the fictional universes and scripts for Blizzard Entertainment's three major award-winning media franchises: \"Warcraft\", \"Diablo\" and \"StarCraft\". On occasion, Metzen has published his art under the alias \"Thundergod.\" Metzen was hired by Blizzard Entertainment as an animator and an artist; his first work for the company was with the video game \"Justice League Task Force\".", "title": "Chris Metzen" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His opponents have attacked Hayek as a leading promoter of \"neoliberalism\". A British scholar, Samuel Brittan, concluded in 2010, \"Hayek's book [The Constitution of Liberty] is still probably the most comprehensive statement of the underlying ideas of the moderate free market philosophy espoused by neoliberals.\" Brittan adds that although Raymond Plant (2009) comes out in the end against Hayek's doctrines, Plant gives The Constitution of Liberty a \"more thorough and fair-minded analysis than it has received even from its professed adherents\".", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hayek's influence on the development of economics is widely acknowledged. Hayek is the second-most frequently cited economist (after Kenneth Arrow) in the Nobel lectures of the prize winners in economics, which is particularly striking since his own lecture was critical of the field of orthodox economics and neo-classical modelisation. A number of Nobel Laureates in economics, such as Vernon Smith and Herbert A. Simon, recognise Hayek as the greatest modern economist. Another Nobel winner, Paul Samuelson, believed that Hayek was worthy of his award but nevertheless claimed that \"there were good historical reasons for fading memories of Hayek within the mainstream last half of the twentieth century economist fraternity. In 1931, Hayek's Prices and Production had enjoyed an ultra-short Byronic success. In retrospect hindsight tells us that its mumbo-jumbo about the period of production grossly misdiagnosed the macroeconomics of the 1927–1931 (and the 1931–2007) historical scene\". Despite this comment, Samuelson spent the last 50 years of his life obsessed with the problems of capital theory identified by Hayek and Böhm-Bawerk, and Samuelson flatly judged Hayek to have been right and his own teacher, Joseph Schumpeter, to have been wrong on the central economic question of the 20th century, the feasibility of socialist economic planning in a production goods dominated economy.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From 1962 until his retirement in 1968, he was a professor at the University of Freiburg, West Germany, where he began work on his next book, Law, Legislation and Liberty. Hayek regarded his years at Freiburg as \"very fruitful\". Following his retirement, Hayek spent a year as a visiting professor of philosophy at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he continued work on Law, Legislation and Liberty, teaching a graduate seminar by the same name and another on the philosophy of social science. Primary drafts of the book were completed by 1970, but Hayek chose to rework his drafts and finally brought the book to publication in three volumes in 1973, 1976 and 1979.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Every employee hired after November 6, 1986 must complete an I - 9 form at the time of hire. Employees must complete Section 1 of the form upon commencing employment. The employer must complete Section 2 within three days of the employee's starting date at work. The employer is responsible for ensuring that the forms are completed properly and in a timely manner.", "title": "Form I-9" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published in its original German edition in 1921. Although Hayek met Wittgenstein on only a few occasions, Hayek said that Wittgenstein's philosophy and methods of analysis had a profound influence on his own life and thought. In his later years, Hayek recalled a discussion of philosophy with Wittgenstein, when both were officers during World War I. After Wittgenstein's death, Hayek had intended to write a biography of Wittgenstein and worked on collecting family materials; and he later assisted biographers of Wittgenstein.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1929, Lionel Robbins assumed the helm of the London School of Economics (LSE). Eager to promote alternatives to what he regarded as the narrow approach of the school of economic thought that then dominated the English-speaking academic world (centred at the University of Cambridge and deriving largely from the work of Alfred Marshall), Robbins invited Hayek to join the faculty at LSE, which he did in 1931. According to Nicholas Kaldor, Hayek's theory of the time-structure of capital and of the business cycle initially \"fascinated the academic world\" and appeared to offer a less \"facile and superficial\" understanding of macroeconomics than the Cambridge school's.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jean de La Hire (pseudonym of the Comte Adolphe d'Espie) was a prolific French author of numerous popular adventure, science fiction and romance novels.", "title": "Jean de La Hire" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Omnipotent Government: The Rise of the Total State and Total War is a book by Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises first published in 1944 by Yale University Press. It is one of the most influential writings in Libertarian social thought and critique of statist ideology and socialism, examining the rise of Nazism as an example. The book treats Nazism as a species of orthodox socialist theory. At the same time the book offers a critique of economic interventionism, industrial central planning, the welfare state and world government, denouncing the trends of the Western Allies towards the total state. The book was made available online by the Ludwig von Mises Institute in 2004.", "title": "Omnipotent Government" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "FDR's New Deal programs often contained equal opportunity clauses stating \"no discrimination shall be made on account of race, color or creed\",:11 but the true forerunner to affirmative action was the Interior Secretary of the time, Harold L. Ickes. Ickes prohibited discrimination in hiring for Public Works Administration funded projects and oversaw not only the institution of a quota system, where contractors were required to employ a fixed percentage of Black workers, by Robert C. Weaver and Clark Foreman,:12 but also the equal pay of women proposed by Harry Hopkins.:14FDR's largest contribution to affirmative action, however, lay in his Executive Order 8802 which prohibited discrimination in the defense industry or government.:22 The executive order promoted the idea that if taxpayer funds were accepted through a government contract, then all taxpayers should have an equal opportunity to work through the contractor.:23–4 To enforce this idea, Roosevelt created the Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC) with the power to investigate hiring practices by government contractors.:22", "title": "Affirmative action in the United States" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Also in 1931, Hayek critiqued Keynes's Treatise on Money (1930) in his \"Reflections on the pure theory of Mr. J. M. Keynes\" and published his lectures at the LSE in book form as Prices and Production. Unemployment and idle resources are, for Keynes, caused by a lack of effective demand; for Hayek, they stem from a previous, unsustainable episode of easy money and artificially low interest rates. Keynes asked his friend Piero Sraffa to respond. Sraffa elaborated on the effect of inflation-induced \"forced savings\" on the capital sector and about the definition of a \"natural\" interest rate in a growing economy. Others who responded negatively to Hayek's work on the business cycle included John Hicks, Frank Knight, and Gunnar Myrdal. Kaldor later wrote that Hayek's Prices and Production had produced \"a remarkable crop of critics\" and that the total number of pages in British and American journals dedicated to the resulting debate \"could rarely have been equalled in the economic controversies of the past.\"", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "During Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the Treaty of Saint Germain. Between 1923 and 1924 Hayek worked as a research assistant to Prof. Jeremiah Jenks of New York University, compiling macroeconomic data on the American economy and the operations of the US Federal Reserve.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With regard to a safety net, Hayek advocated \"some provision for those threatened by the extremes of indigence or starvation, be if only in the interest of those who require protection against acts of desperation on the part of the needy.\" As referenced in the section on \"The economic calculation problem,\" Hayek wrote that \"there is no reason why... the state should not help to organize a comprehensive system of social insurance.\" Summarizing on this topic, Wapshott writes \"[Hayek] advocated mandatory universal health care and unemployment insurance, enforced, if not directly provided, by the state.\" Bernard Harcourt says that \"Hayek was adamant about this.\" In the 1973 Law, Legislation, and Liberty, Hayek wrote:", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His father's career as a university professor influenced Friedrich's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Friedrich to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, one of the founders of the Austrian School of Economics. Von Juraschek was a statistician and was later employed by the Austrian government. Friedrich's paternal grandfather, Gustav Edler von Hayek, taught natural sciences at the Imperial Realobergymnasium (secondary school) in Vienna. He wrote systematic works in biology, some of which are relatively well known.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" } ]	Who did Hayek work for upon being hired by the author of Omnipotent Government?	the Austrian government	[ "Austria", "AT", "at", "AUT" ]	Title: Friedrich Hayek Passage: On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published in its original German edition in 1921. Although Hayek met Wittgenstein on only a few occasions, Hayek said that Wittgenstein's philosophy and methods of analysis had a profound influence on his own life and thought. In his later years, Hayek recalled a discussion of philosophy with Wittgenstein, when both were officers during World War I. After Wittgenstein's death, Hayek had intended to write a biography of Wittgenstein and worked on collecting family materials; and he later assisted biographers of Wittgenstein. Title: Chris Metzen Passage: Christopher Vincent Metzen (born November 22, 1973) is an American game designer, artist, voice actor, and author known for his work creating the fictional universes and scripts for Blizzard Entertainment's three major award-winning media franchises: "Warcraft", "Diablo" and "StarCraft". On occasion, Metzen has published his art under the alias "Thundergod." Metzen was hired by Blizzard Entertainment as an animator and an artist; his first work for the company was with the video game "Justice League Task Force". Title: Friedrich Hayek Passage: At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab, and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach, inspired Hayek's first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the "sense data" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis. Title: Nicholas Eftimiades Passage: Nicholas Eftimiades is an American government official, author, and educator best known for his work "Chinese Intelligence Operations" (1994). He currently resides in the Tokyo area. Title: Friedrich Hayek Passage: From 1962 until his retirement in 1968, he was a professor at the University of Freiburg, West Germany, where he began work on his next book, Law, Legislation and Liberty. Hayek regarded his years at Freiburg as "very fruitful". Following his retirement, Hayek spent a year as a visiting professor of philosophy at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he continued work on Law, Legislation and Liberty, teaching a graduate seminar by the same name and another on the philosophy of social science. Primary drafts of the book were completed by 1970, but Hayek chose to rework his drafts and finally brought the book to publication in three volumes in 1973, 1976 and 1979. Title: Friedrich Hayek Passage: With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading economic theorists in the world, and his development of the economics of processes in time and the co-ordination function of prices inspired the ground-breaking work of John Hicks, Abba Lerner, and many others in the development of modern microeconomics. Title: Friedrich Hayek Passage: His opponents have attacked Hayek as a leading promoter of "neoliberalism". A British scholar, Samuel Brittan, concluded in 2010, "Hayek's book [The Constitution of Liberty] is still probably the most comprehensive statement of the underlying ideas of the moderate free market philosophy espoused by neoliberals." Brittan adds that although Raymond Plant (2009) comes out in the end against Hayek's doctrines, Plant gives The Constitution of Liberty a "more thorough and fair-minded analysis than it has received even from its professed adherents". Title: Friedrich Hayek Passage: Hayek's influence on the development of economics is widely acknowledged. Hayek is the second-most frequently cited economist (after Kenneth Arrow) in the Nobel lectures of the prize winners in economics, which is particularly striking since his own lecture was critical of the field of orthodox economics and neo-classical modelisation. A number of Nobel Laureates in economics, such as Vernon Smith and Herbert A. Simon, recognise Hayek as the greatest modern economist. Another Nobel winner, Paul Samuelson, believed that Hayek was worthy of his award but nevertheless claimed that "there were good historical reasons for fading memories of Hayek within the mainstream last half of the twentieth century economist fraternity. In 1931, Hayek's Prices and Production had enjoyed an ultra-short Byronic success. In retrospect hindsight tells us that its mumbo-jumbo about the period of production grossly misdiagnosed the macroeconomics of the 1927–1931 (and the 1931–2007) historical scene". Despite this comment, Samuelson spent the last 50 years of his life obsessed with the problems of capital theory identified by Hayek and Böhm-Bawerk, and Samuelson flatly judged Hayek to have been right and his own teacher, Joseph Schumpeter, to have been wrong on the central economic question of the 20th century, the feasibility of socialist economic planning in a production goods dominated economy. Title: Friedrich Hayek Passage: In 1929, Lionel Robbins assumed the helm of the London School of Economics (LSE). Eager to promote alternatives to what he regarded as the narrow approach of the school of economic thought that then dominated the English-speaking academic world (centred at the University of Cambridge and deriving largely from the work of Alfred Marshall), Robbins invited Hayek to join the faculty at LSE, which he did in 1931. According to Nicholas Kaldor, Hayek's theory of the time-structure of capital and of the business cycle initially "fascinated the academic world" and appeared to offer a less "facile and superficial" understanding of macroeconomics than the Cambridge school's. Title: Karl Popper Passage: While there is some dispute as to the matter of influence, Popper had a long-standing and close friendship with economist Friedrich Hayek, who was also brought to the London School of Economics from Vienna. Each found support and similarities in the other's work, citing each other often, though not without qualification. In a letter to Hayek in 1944, Popper stated, "I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker, except perhaps Alfred Tarski." Popper dedicated his Conjectures and Refutations to Hayek. For his part, Hayek dedicated a collection of papers, Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, to Popper, and in 1982 said, "...ever since his Logik der Forschung first came out in 1934, I have been a complete adherent to his general theory of methodology." Title: Friedrich Hayek Passage: During Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the Treaty of Saint Germain. Between 1923 and 1924 Hayek worked as a research assistant to Prof. Jeremiah Jenks of New York University, compiling macroeconomic data on the American economy and the operations of the US Federal Reserve. Title: Friedrich Hayek Passage: Also in 1931, Hayek critiqued Keynes's Treatise on Money (1930) in his "Reflections on the pure theory of Mr. J. M. Keynes" and published his lectures at the LSE in book form as Prices and Production. Unemployment and idle resources are, for Keynes, caused by a lack of effective demand; for Hayek, they stem from a previous, unsustainable episode of easy money and artificially low interest rates. Keynes asked his friend Piero Sraffa to respond. Sraffa elaborated on the effect of inflation-induced "forced savings" on the capital sector and about the definition of a "natural" interest rate in a growing economy. Others who responded negatively to Hayek's work on the business cycle included John Hicks, Frank Knight, and Gunnar Myrdal. Kaldor later wrote that Hayek's Prices and Production had produced "a remarkable crop of critics" and that the total number of pages in British and American journals dedicated to the resulting debate "could rarely have been equalled in the economic controversies of the past." Title: Form I-9 Passage: Every employee hired after November 6, 1986 must complete an I - 9 form at the time of hire. Employees must complete Section 1 of the form upon commencing employment. The employer must complete Section 2 within three days of the employee's starting date at work. The employer is responsible for ensuring that the forms are completed properly and in a timely manner. Title: Jean de La Hire Passage: Jean de La Hire (pseudonym of the Comte Adolphe d'Espie) was a prolific French author of numerous popular adventure, science fiction and romance novels. Title: Friedrich Hayek Passage: In 1978, Hayek came into conflict with the Liberal Party leader, David Steel, who claimed that liberty was possible only with "social justice and an equitable distribution of wealth and power, which in turn require a degree of active government intervention" and that the Conservative Party were more concerned with the connection between liberty and private enterprise than between liberty and democracy. Hayek claimed that a limited democracy might be better than other forms of limited government at protecting liberty but that an unlimited democracy was worse than other forms of unlimited government because "its government loses the power even to do what it thinks right if any group on which its majority depends thinks otherwise". Title: Omnipotent Government Passage: Omnipotent Government: The Rise of the Total State and Total War is a book by Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises first published in 1944 by Yale University Press. It is one of the most influential writings in Libertarian social thought and critique of statist ideology and socialism, examining the rise of Nazism as an example. The book treats Nazism as a species of orthodox socialist theory. At the same time the book offers a critique of economic interventionism, industrial central planning, the welfare state and world government, denouncing the trends of the Western Allies towards the total state. The book was made available online by the Ludwig von Mises Institute in 2004. Title: Raleigh, North Carolina Passage: During the difficult 1930s of the Great Depression, government at all levels was integral to creating jobs. The city provided recreational and educational programs, and hired people for public works projects. In 1932, Raleigh Memorial Auditorium was dedicated. The North Carolina Symphony, founded the same year, performed in its new home. From 1934 to 1937, the federal Civilian Conservation Corps constructed the area now known as William B. Umstead State Park. In 1939, the State General Assembly chartered the Raleigh-Durham Aeronautical Authority to build a larger airport between Raleigh and Durham, with the first flight occurring in 1943. Title: Affirmative action in the United States Passage: FDR's New Deal programs often contained equal opportunity clauses stating "no discrimination shall be made on account of race, color or creed",:11 but the true forerunner to affirmative action was the Interior Secretary of the time, Harold L. Ickes. Ickes prohibited discrimination in hiring for Public Works Administration funded projects and oversaw not only the institution of a quota system, where contractors were required to employ a fixed percentage of Black workers, by Robert C. Weaver and Clark Foreman,:12 but also the equal pay of women proposed by Harry Hopkins.:14FDR's largest contribution to affirmative action, however, lay in his Executive Order 8802 which prohibited discrimination in the defense industry or government.:22 The executive order promoted the idea that if taxpayer funds were accepted through a government contract, then all taxpayers should have an equal opportunity to work through the contractor.:23–4 To enforce this idea, Roosevelt created the Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC) with the power to investigate hiring practices by government contractors.:22 Title: Friedrich Hayek Passage: With regard to a safety net, Hayek advocated "some provision for those threatened by the extremes of indigence or starvation, be if only in the interest of those who require protection against acts of desperation on the part of the needy." As referenced in the section on "The economic calculation problem," Hayek wrote that "there is no reason why... the state should not help to organize a comprehensive system of social insurance." Summarizing on this topic, Wapshott writes "[Hayek] advocated mandatory universal health care and unemployment insurance, enforced, if not directly provided, by the state." Bernard Harcourt says that "Hayek was adamant about this." In the 1973 Law, Legislation, and Liberty, Hayek wrote: Title: Friedrich Hayek Passage: His father's career as a university professor influenced Friedrich's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Friedrich to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, one of the founders of the Austrian School of Economics. Von Juraschek was a statistician and was later employed by the Austrian government. Friedrich's paternal grandfather, Gustav Edler von Hayek, taught natural sciences at the Imperial Realobergymnasium (secondary school) in Vienna. He wrote systematic works in biology, some of which are relatively well known.	[ "Omnipotent Government", "Friedrich Hayek" ]
2hop__178922_5385	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anna Lacková-Zora (* 7 August 1899, Mošovce - † 8 September 1988, Myjava) was a Slovak author. She published under the pseudonyms of \"Zora-Lacková\", \"aunt Zora\", \"Zora\" and \"Lacková-Zora\". At first she worked as a bank clerk, but then fully devoted herself to her literature work, which she began during World War I.", "title": "Anna Lacková-Zora" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although most of the simplified Chinese characters in use today are the result of the works moderated by the government of the People's Republic of China in the 1950s and 60s, character simplification predates the republic's formation in 1949. One of the earliest proponents of character simplification was Lufei Kui, who proposed in 1909 that simplified characters should be used in education. In the years following the May Fourth Movement in 1919, many anti-imperialist Chinese intellectuals sought ways to modernise China. In the 1930s and 1940s, discussions on character simplification took place within the Kuomintang government, and many Chinese intellectuals and writers have long maintained that character simplification would help boost literacy in China. In many world languages, literacy has been promoted as a justification for spelling reforms. The People's Republic of China issued its first round of official character simplifications in two documents, the first in 1956 and the second in 1964. In the 1950s and 1960s, while confusion about simplified characters was still rampant, transitional characters that mixed simplified parts with yet-to-be simplified parts of characters together appeared briefly, then disappeared.", "title": "Chinese characters" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bērziņš was born on 16 July 1888 at Ķoņi parish (today – in Latvia, near the border with Estonia) in a family of farmworker for-hire. His level of education is uncertain, but it is known that initially he worked as a herder and later as a factory worker. In 1905 Bērziņš joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party and since 1909 he worked as a teacher. In 1911 Bērziņš was arrested for spreading a Bolshevik propaganda literature and over a year spent in prison.", "title": "Reinholds Bērziņš" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gyldendal's Endowment was a literature prize which was awarded in the period 1934–1995 by the Norwegian publisher Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. The prize was awarded to significant authors, regardless of which publisher the author was associated with. The basic capital of the legacies came from the release of \"Bjørnson's collective works\" in 1932.", "title": "Gyldendal's Endowment" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Puterbaugh Conference on World Literature (or Puterbaugh Festival of World Literature and Culture ) is an annual conference presented by the magazine World Literature Today and the University of Oklahoma. The conference began in 1968 as the Oklahoma Conferences on Writers of the Hispanic World. Since 1978 it has been endowed by the Puterbaugh Foundation of McAlester. At that time, the breadth of the conference was enlarged to include French literature. Since 1993, the conference has covered all world literatures.", "title": "Puterbaugh Conference on World Literature" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (; Russian: Фёдор Михайлович Достоевский, tr. Fyódor Mikháylovich Dostoyévskiy, IPA: [ˈfʲɵdər mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ dəstɐˈjɛfskʲɪj] (listen); 11 November 1821 – 9 February 1881), sometimes transliterated Dostoyevsky, was a Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist, journalist and philosopher. Dostoevsky's literary works explore human psychology in the troubled political, social, and spiritual atmospheres of 19th-century Russia, and engage with a variety of philosophical and religious themes. His most acclaimed works include Crime and Punishment (1866), The Idiot (1869), Demons (1872) and The Brothers Karamazov (1880). Dostoevsky's oeuvre consists of 11 novels, three novellas, 17 short stories and numerous other works. Many literary critics rate him as one of the greatest psychologists in world literature. His 1864 novella Notes from Underground is considered to be one of the first works of existentialist literature.", "title": "Fyodor Dostoevsky" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Belarusian literature began with 11th- to 13th-century religious scripture, such as the 12th-century poetry of Cyril of Turaw.By the 16th century, Polotsk resident Francysk Skaryna translated the Bible into Belarusian. It was published in Prague and Vilnius sometime between 1517 and 1525, making it the first book printed in Belarus or anywhere in Eastern Europe. The modern era of Belarusian literature began in the late 19th century; one prominent writer was Yanka Kupala. Many Belarusian writers of the time, such as Uładzimir Žyłka, Kazimir Svayak, Yakub Kolas, Źmitrok Biadula, and Maksim Haretski, wrote for Nasha Niva, a Belarusian-language paper published that was previously published in Vilnius but now is published in Minsk.", "title": "Belarus" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He is the author of two books. His first book \"Halacha aktuell\" is a two-volume work, written in German, which treats Halachic problems and issues of current interest as they appear in the Halachic literature and more specifically the Responsa. This work is unique in that it was the first book written in German during the post-war period that comprehensively deals with Halachic issues in the Responsa literature. It was therefore welcomed with great enthusiasm in the Halachic world and received approbations from many distinguished Halachic authorities. Certain articles from this book were written in Rabbinic Hebrew and were later separately published under the title \"Iyunim b’Halacha\".", "title": "Ahron Daum" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Eve of St. Agnes is a Romantic narrative poem of 42 Spenserian stanzas set in the Middle Ages. It was written by John Keats in 1819 and published in 1820. The poem was considered by many of Keats' contemporaries and the succeeding Victorians to be one of his finest and was influential in 19th century literature.", "title": "The Eve of St. Agnes" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wood Beyond the World is a fantasy novel by William Morris, perhaps the first modern fantasy writer to unite an imaginary world with the element of the supernatural, and thus the precursor of much of present-day fantasy literature. It was first published in hardcover by Morris's Kelmscott Press, in 1894. The book's importance in the history of fantasy literature was recognized by its republication by Ballantine Books as the third volume of the Ballantine Adult Fantasy series in July, 1969. The Ballantine edition includes an introduction by Lin Carter.", "title": "The Wood Beyond the World" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1983, Al Alvarez published, The Biggest Game in Town, a book detailing the 1981 World Series of Poker event. The first book of its kind, it described the world of professional poker players and the World Series of Poker. It is credited with beginning the genre of poker literature and with bringing Texas Hold'em (and poker generally), for the first time, to a wider audience.", "title": "The Biggest Game in Town" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert Saudek (21 April 1880 – 15 April 1935) was a Czech-born graphologist and writer of novels, stories, poems and plays. He had considerable influence on the content and standing of graphology worldwide. He also published numerous articles in many languages in periodicals as diverse as \"The Listener\", \"Zeitschrift für Menschenkenntnis\" and the \"Journal of Social Psychology.\" He also founded the professional graphology society in the Netherlands. He also started two academic periodicals: one in Dutch and the other in English. Many graphologists worldwide today use Saudek’s work without knowing the origin.", "title": "Robert Saudek" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harold Horace Hopkins FRS (6 December 1918 – 22 October 1994) was a British physicist. His Wave Theory of Aberrations, (published by Oxford University Press 1950), is central to all modern optical design and provides the mathematical analysis which enables the use of computers to create the wealth of high quality lenses available today. In addition to his theoretical work, his many inventions are in daily use throughout the world. These include zoom lenses, coherent fibre-optics and more recently the rod-lens endoscopes which 'opened the door' to modern key-hole surgery. He was the recipient of many of the world's most prestigious awards and was twice nominated for a Nobel Prize. His citation on receiving the Rumford Medal from the Royal Society in 1984 stated: \"In recognition of his many contributions to the theory and design of optical instruments, especially of a wide variety of important new medical instruments which have made a major contribution to clinical diagnosis and surgery.\"", "title": "Harold Hopkins (physicist)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Patchwork Girl is a work of electronic literature by American author Shelley Jackson. It was written in Storyspace and published by Eastgate Systems in 1995. It is often discussed along with Michael Joyce's \"afternoon, a story\" as an important work of hypertext fiction.", "title": "Patchwork Girl (hypertext)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The PEN/Edward and Lily Tuck Award for Paraguayan Literature is awarded by the PEN American Center to honor an author of a major work of Paraguayan literature and the English translator. The award was established by author Lily Tuck to assist with the translation of Paraguayan literature from Spanish or Guarani into English. Tuck won a National Book Award in 2004 for \"The News from Paraguay\", which was set in 19th century Paraguay. Michael Orthofer of \"complete review\" called it \"my new favorite American literary award,\" for its coverage of an overlooked area of world literature.", "title": "PEN/Edward and Lily Tuck Award for Paraguayan Literature" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Roman Republic was the first government in the western world to have a representative government, despite taking the form of a direct government in the Roman assemblies. The Roman model of governance inspired many political thinkers over the centuries, and today's modern representative democracies imitate more the Roman than the Greek models because it was a state in which supreme power was held by the people and their elected representatives, and which had an elected or nominated leader. Representative democracy is a form of democracy in which people vote for representatives who then vote on policy initiatives as opposed to a direct democracy, a form of democracy in which people vote on policy initiatives directly. A European medieval tradition of selecting representatives from the various estates (classes, but not as we know them today) to advise / control monarchs led to relatively wide familiarity with representative systems inspired by Roman systems.", "title": "Representative democracy" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Godless, a young adult novel by Pete Hautman, was published in 2004 by Simon & Schuster. It won the annual U.S. National Book Award for Young People's Literature.", "title": "Godless (novel)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Whittier Treat is Professor Emeritus of East Asian Languages and Literature at Yale University, Connecticut, United States, where he teaches Japanese literature and culture. He was co-editor of the \"Journal of Japanese Studies\". He has published numerous essays and several books on Japan-related topics. In 2008, he discussed his work with Peter Shea at the University of Minnesota.", "title": "John Whittier Treat" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Y Điêng (born 1928) is an E De author and ethnographer from Sông Hinh District, Phú Yên Province, Vietnam. As a young man he joined the fight against the French for independence and subsequently worked for the Voice of Vietnam in the late 1950s. His ethnographic works such as \"Truyên cô Ê-đê\" (\"E De Tales\") chronicle the lives of the E De people during the war against the French and explore the social mores, beliefs and lifestyles of his native community. After making the transition from recording oral folk literature to writing works of fiction, these themes also were common in his short stories and novels. Y Điêng's novels were the first to be published bilingually in E De and Vietnamese. He has won three local writing competitions and was the first E De recipient of the Viet Nam State Award for Literature and Art (2007).", "title": "Y Điêng" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800).", "title": "Oklahoma City" } ]	How many people work in the publisher of World Literature Today?	11,900	[]	Title: The Biggest Game in Town Passage: In 1983, Al Alvarez published, The Biggest Game in Town, a book detailing the 1981 World Series of Poker event. The first book of its kind, it described the world of professional poker players and the World Series of Poker. It is credited with beginning the genre of poker literature and with bringing Texas Hold'em (and poker generally), for the first time, to a wider audience. Title: The Eve of St. Agnes Passage: The Eve of St. Agnes is a Romantic narrative poem of 42 Spenserian stanzas set in the Middle Ages. It was written by John Keats in 1819 and published in 1820. The poem was considered by many of Keats' contemporaries and the succeeding Victorians to be one of his finest and was influential in 19th century literature. Title: Fyodor Dostoevsky Passage: Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (; Russian: Фёдор Михайлович Достоевский, tr. Fyódor Mikháylovich Dostoyévskiy, IPA: [ˈfʲɵdər mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ dəstɐˈjɛfskʲɪj] (listen); 11 November 1821 – 9 February 1881), sometimes transliterated Dostoyevsky, was a Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist, journalist and philosopher. Dostoevsky's literary works explore human psychology in the troubled political, social, and spiritual atmospheres of 19th-century Russia, and engage with a variety of philosophical and religious themes. His most acclaimed works include Crime and Punishment (1866), The Idiot (1869), Demons (1872) and The Brothers Karamazov (1880). Dostoevsky's oeuvre consists of 11 novels, three novellas, 17 short stories and numerous other works. Many literary critics rate him as one of the greatest psychologists in world literature. His 1864 novella Notes from Underground is considered to be one of the first works of existentialist literature. Title: Reinholds Bērziņš Passage: Bērziņš was born on 16 July 1888 at Ķoņi parish (today – in Latvia, near the border with Estonia) in a family of farmworker for-hire. His level of education is uncertain, but it is known that initially he worked as a herder and later as a factory worker. In 1905 Bērziņš joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party and since 1909 he worked as a teacher. In 1911 Bērziņš was arrested for spreading a Bolshevik propaganda literature and over a year spent in prison. Title: Oklahoma City Passage: While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800). Title: Representative democracy Passage: The Roman Republic was the first government in the western world to have a representative government, despite taking the form of a direct government in the Roman assemblies. The Roman model of governance inspired many political thinkers over the centuries, and today's modern representative democracies imitate more the Roman than the Greek models because it was a state in which supreme power was held by the people and their elected representatives, and which had an elected or nominated leader. Representative democracy is a form of democracy in which people vote for representatives who then vote on policy initiatives as opposed to a direct democracy, a form of democracy in which people vote on policy initiatives directly. A European medieval tradition of selecting representatives from the various estates (classes, but not as we know them today) to advise / control monarchs led to relatively wide familiarity with representative systems inspired by Roman systems. Title: Godless (novel) Passage: Godless, a young adult novel by Pete Hautman, was published in 2004 by Simon & Schuster. It won the annual U.S. National Book Award for Young People's Literature. Title: Chinese characters Passage: Although most of the simplified Chinese characters in use today are the result of the works moderated by the government of the People's Republic of China in the 1950s and 60s, character simplification predates the republic's formation in 1949. One of the earliest proponents of character simplification was Lufei Kui, who proposed in 1909 that simplified characters should be used in education. In the years following the May Fourth Movement in 1919, many anti-imperialist Chinese intellectuals sought ways to modernise China. In the 1930s and 1940s, discussions on character simplification took place within the Kuomintang government, and many Chinese intellectuals and writers have long maintained that character simplification would help boost literacy in China. In many world languages, literacy has been promoted as a justification for spelling reforms. The People's Republic of China issued its first round of official character simplifications in two documents, the first in 1956 and the second in 1964. In the 1950s and 1960s, while confusion about simplified characters was still rampant, transitional characters that mixed simplified parts with yet-to-be simplified parts of characters together appeared briefly, then disappeared. Title: John Whittier Treat Passage: John Whittier Treat is Professor Emeritus of East Asian Languages and Literature at Yale University, Connecticut, United States, where he teaches Japanese literature and culture. He was co-editor of the "Journal of Japanese Studies". He has published numerous essays and several books on Japan-related topics. In 2008, he discussed his work with Peter Shea at the University of Minnesota. Title: Ahron Daum Passage: He is the author of two books. His first book "Halacha aktuell" is a two-volume work, written in German, which treats Halachic problems and issues of current interest as they appear in the Halachic literature and more specifically the Responsa. This work is unique in that it was the first book written in German during the post-war period that comprehensively deals with Halachic issues in the Responsa literature. It was therefore welcomed with great enthusiasm in the Halachic world and received approbations from many distinguished Halachic authorities. Certain articles from this book were written in Rabbinic Hebrew and were later separately published under the title "Iyunim b’Halacha". Title: Gyldendal's Endowment Passage: Gyldendal's Endowment was a literature prize which was awarded in the period 1934–1995 by the Norwegian publisher Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. The prize was awarded to significant authors, regardless of which publisher the author was associated with. The basic capital of the legacies came from the release of "Bjørnson's collective works" in 1932. Title: Anna Lacková-Zora Passage: Anna Lacková-Zora (* 7 August 1899, Mošovce - † 8 September 1988, Myjava) was a Slovak author. She published under the pseudonyms of "Zora-Lacková", "aunt Zora", "Zora" and "Lacková-Zora". At first she worked as a bank clerk, but then fully devoted herself to her literature work, which she began during World War I. Title: Y Điêng Passage: Y Điêng (born 1928) is an E De author and ethnographer from Sông Hinh District, Phú Yên Province, Vietnam. As a young man he joined the fight against the French for independence and subsequently worked for the Voice of Vietnam in the late 1950s. His ethnographic works such as "Truyên cô Ê-đê" ("E De Tales") chronicle the lives of the E De people during the war against the French and explore the social mores, beliefs and lifestyles of his native community. After making the transition from recording oral folk literature to writing works of fiction, these themes also were common in his short stories and novels. Y Điêng's novels were the first to be published bilingually in E De and Vietnamese. He has won three local writing competitions and was the first E De recipient of the Viet Nam State Award for Literature and Art (2007). Title: Robert Saudek Passage: Robert Saudek (21 April 1880 – 15 April 1935) was a Czech-born graphologist and writer of novels, stories, poems and plays. He had considerable influence on the content and standing of graphology worldwide. He also published numerous articles in many languages in periodicals as diverse as "The Listener", "Zeitschrift für Menschenkenntnis" and the "Journal of Social Psychology." He also founded the professional graphology society in the Netherlands. He also started two academic periodicals: one in Dutch and the other in English. Many graphologists worldwide today use Saudek’s work without knowing the origin. Title: Puterbaugh Conference on World Literature Passage: The Puterbaugh Conference on World Literature (or Puterbaugh Festival of World Literature and Culture ) is an annual conference presented by the magazine World Literature Today and the University of Oklahoma. The conference began in 1968 as the Oklahoma Conferences on Writers of the Hispanic World. Since 1978 it has been endowed by the Puterbaugh Foundation of McAlester. At that time, the breadth of the conference was enlarged to include French literature. Since 1993, the conference has covered all world literatures. Title: Harold Hopkins (physicist) Passage: Harold Horace Hopkins FRS (6 December 1918 – 22 October 1994) was a British physicist. His Wave Theory of Aberrations, (published by Oxford University Press 1950), is central to all modern optical design and provides the mathematical analysis which enables the use of computers to create the wealth of high quality lenses available today. In addition to his theoretical work, his many inventions are in daily use throughout the world. These include zoom lenses, coherent fibre-optics and more recently the rod-lens endoscopes which 'opened the door' to modern key-hole surgery. He was the recipient of many of the world's most prestigious awards and was twice nominated for a Nobel Prize. His citation on receiving the Rumford Medal from the Royal Society in 1984 stated: "In recognition of his many contributions to the theory and design of optical instruments, especially of a wide variety of important new medical instruments which have made a major contribution to clinical diagnosis and surgery." Title: Patchwork Girl (hypertext) Passage: Patchwork Girl is a work of electronic literature by American author Shelley Jackson. It was written in Storyspace and published by Eastgate Systems in 1995. It is often discussed along with Michael Joyce's "afternoon, a story" as an important work of hypertext fiction. Title: PEN/Edward and Lily Tuck Award for Paraguayan Literature Passage: The PEN/Edward and Lily Tuck Award for Paraguayan Literature is awarded by the PEN American Center to honor an author of a major work of Paraguayan literature and the English translator. The award was established by author Lily Tuck to assist with the translation of Paraguayan literature from Spanish or Guarani into English. Tuck won a National Book Award in 2004 for "The News from Paraguay", which was set in 19th century Paraguay. Michael Orthofer of "complete review" called it "my new favorite American literary award," for its coverage of an overlooked area of world literature. Title: The Wood Beyond the World Passage: The Wood Beyond the World is a fantasy novel by William Morris, perhaps the first modern fantasy writer to unite an imaginary world with the element of the supernatural, and thus the precursor of much of present-day fantasy literature. It was first published in hardcover by Morris's Kelmscott Press, in 1894. The book's importance in the history of fantasy literature was recognized by its republication by Ballantine Books as the third volume of the Ballantine Adult Fantasy series in July, 1969. The Ballantine edition includes an introduction by Lin Carter. Title: Belarus Passage: Belarusian literature began with 11th- to 13th-century religious scripture, such as the 12th-century poetry of Cyril of Turaw.By the 16th century, Polotsk resident Francysk Skaryna translated the Bible into Belarusian. It was published in Prague and Vilnius sometime between 1517 and 1525, making it the first book printed in Belarus or anywhere in Eastern Europe. The modern era of Belarusian literature began in the late 19th century; one prominent writer was Yanka Kupala. Many Belarusian writers of the time, such as Uładzimir Žyłka, Kazimir Svayak, Yakub Kolas, Źmitrok Biadula, and Maksim Haretski, wrote for Nasha Niva, a Belarusian-language paper published that was previously published in Vilnius but now is published in Minsk.	[ "Puterbaugh Conference on World Literature", "Oklahoma City" ]
2hop__96410_159054	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prizes is a 1995 novel written by Erich Segal. It tells stories of three principal characters: Adam Coopersmith (a genius immunologist), Sandy Raven (a cell biologist bitter from betrayal), and Isabel Da Costa (a child prodigy who goes on to win a Nobel Prize in Physics).", "title": "Prizes (novel)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cardillac is an opera by Paul Hindemith in three acts and four scenes. Ferdinand Lion wrote the libretto based on characters from the short story \"Das Fräulein von Scuderi\" by E.T.A. Hoffmann.", "title": "Cardillac" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It Happens Every Spring is a 1949 American comedy film starring Ray Milland and directed by Lloyd Bacon. The story of a baseball pitcher is completely fictitious, and the main character King Kelly is not based on or related to the actual player.", "title": "It Happens Every Spring" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bourne Sanction is the title for the novel by Eric Van Lustbader and the sixth novel in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was released on July 29, 2008. It is Lustbader's third Bourne novel, following \"The Bourne Betrayal\" that was published in 2007.", "title": "The Bourne Sanction" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Bourne Ultimatum is a 2007 action spy film directed by Paul Greengrass loosely based on the novel of the same name by Robert Ludlum. The screenplay was written by Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi and based on a screen story of the novel by Gilroy. The Bourne Ultimatum is the third in the Jason Bourne film series, being preceded by The Bourne Identity (2002) and The Bourne Supremacy (2004). The fourth film, The Bourne Legacy, was released in August 2012, without the involvement of Damon, and the fifth film (a direct sequel to Ultimatum), Jason Bourne, was released in July 2016.", "title": "The Bourne Ultimatum (film)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Second Chance is a rock opera conceived by Stéphane Prémont and Frédérick Desroches about high schoolers' not-so-easy lives. The central character, Johnny, sees his life turn sour because of rumors, betrayal and bad communication. The story deals with suicide, anorexia, drugs and teen pregnancy. It is based on his first play entitled \"Holding Out for Hero\", presented in 1994. He started composing the musical version of the show in 2008, and the finished product was ready later that year, in August. The original run started on March 15, 2009. A French production opened in February 2010 at the Quebec City Salle Dina-Belanger. It was the first professional production of the show.", "title": "Second Chance (musical)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As is the case in previous games in the Assassin's Creed series, the story is divided into two intertwined halves, with one in the present day, one in a historical setting, and the events of each influencing the other. Although the present - day story had previously established that an Animus was required to view one's ancestors memories, the ending of Assassin's Creed III reveals that Abstergo can now view a host's genetic memories simply by sequencing the host's DNA. As such, the player character is hired by Abstergo Entertainment to investigate a pivotal character in Desmond's ancestry, the Assassin Edward Kenway. A notorious pirate and privateer operating during the Golden Age of Piracy, Kenway's story is set in the Caribbean, and mixes open - ended ship - based exploration with combat and land - based adventures in Cuba and Jamaica, and on a number of Caribbean islands, parts of southern Florida and eastern Mexico.", "title": "Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bourne Supremacy is the second Jason Bourne novel written by Robert Ludlum, first published in 1986. It is the sequel to Ludlum's bestseller \"The Bourne Identity\" (1980) and precedes Ludlum's final Bourne novel, \"The Bourne Ultimatum\" (1990).", "title": "The Bourne Supremacy" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Almquist shell (ash): written as a BSD - licensed replacement for the Bourne Shell; often used in resource - constrained environments. The sh of FreeBSD, NetBSD (and their derivatives) are based on ash that has been enhanced to be POSIX conformant for the occasion. Bourne - Again shell (bash): written as part of the GNU Project to provide a superset of Bourne Shell functionality. This shell can be found installed and is the default interactive shell for users on most Linux and macOS systems. Debian Almquist shell (dash): a modern replacement for ash in Debian and Ubuntu Korn shell (ksh): written by David Korn based on the Bourne shell sources while working at Bell Labs Public domain Korn shell (pdksh) MirBSD Korn shell (mksh): a descendant of the OpenBSD / bin / ksh and pdksh, developed as part of MirOS BSD Z shell (zsh): a relatively modern shell that is backward compatible with bash Busybox: a set of Unix utilities for small and embedded systems, which includes 2 shells: ash, a derivative of the Almquist shell; and hush, an independent implementation of a Bourne shell.", "title": "Unix shell" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Producer Frank Marshall said Universal Pictures is hoping to plan a sequel to Jason Bourne, making it the sixth Bourne film. He also stated that a sequel to The Bourne Legacy featuring Renner's Cross is unlikely although he did not explicitly rule it out. However, in March 2017, Matt Damon cast doubt upon a sequel, hinting that people ``might be done ''with the character.", "title": "Bourne (film series)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paddington is a 2014 live - action animated comedy film written and directed by Paul King from a story by King and Hamish McColl and produced by David Heyman. Based on the stories of the character Paddington Bear created by Michael Bond, the film stars Ben Whishaw as the voice of the title character, with Hugh Bonneville, Sally Hawkins, Julie Walters, Jim Broadbent, Peter Capaldi, and Nicole Kidman in live - action roles. The film tells the story of the eponymous character Paddington, an anthropomorphic bear who migrates from the jungles of Peru to the streets of London, where he is adopted by the Brown family. Kidman plays the role of a taxidermist, who attempts to add him to her collection.", "title": "Paddington (film)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bakor Patel is children's literature character created by Hariprasad Vyas for funny animal stories published by \"Gandiv\", a children's biweekly in Gujarati language published by Gandiv Sahitya Mandir, Surat, Gujarat, India. The humorous stories about Bakor Patel written by Vyas which first appeared in 1936 and continued till 1955. The stories include other anthropomorphic characters including his wife, Shakri Patlani. The stories were accompanied with an illustration and title printed in typical typography which were drawn by two Surat based artist brothers, Tansukh and Mansukh. The character became the icon of Gujarati children's literature and was adapted into a children's play.", "title": "Bakor Patel" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heart of Glass () is a 1976 German film directed and produced by Werner Herzog, set in 18th century Bavaria. The film was written by Herzog, based partly on a story by Herbert Achternbusch. The main character is Hias, based on the legendary Bavarian prophet Mühlhiasl.", "title": "Heart of Glass (film)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bourne Legacy is a 2012 American action thriller film directed by Tony Gilroy, and is the fourth installment in the series of films adapted from the \"Jason Bourne\" novels originated by Robert Ludlum and continued by Eric Van Lustbader, being preceded by \"The Bourne Identity\" (2002), \"The Bourne Supremacy\" (2004), and \"The Bourne Ultimatum\" (2007). Although this film has the same title as Van Lustbader's first \"Bourne\" novel, \"The Bourne Legacy\", the actual screenplay bears little resemblance to the novel. Unlike the novel, which features Jason Bourne as the principal character, the film centers on black ops agent Aaron Cross (played by Jeremy Renner), an original character. In addition to Renner, the film stars Rachel Weisz and Edward Norton.", "title": "The Bourne Legacy (film)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jim Prideaux is a fictional character created by John le Carré. He appears in \"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy\", with the book's events alternating between his point of view and that of George Smiley, and a minor character in \"A Legacy of Spies\". He is a member of the \"Scalp Hunters,\" a division of MI6 (called \"The Circus\" in le Carre's books) dedicated to especially dangerous counterintelligence missions often involving violence or assassinations. Prideaux's betrayal, and subsequent capture, following a botched mission in Czechoslovakia is the jumping off point for the events of the book. The character has been featured in both cinematic adaptations of the book, with each presenting a markedly different portrayal of the character.", "title": "Jim Prideaux" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bourne Legacy is a 2012 American action thriller film directed by Tony Gilroy, and is the fourth installment in the series of films adapted from the Jason Bourne novels originated by Robert Ludlum and continued by Eric Van Lustbader, being preceded by The Bourne Identity (2002), The Bourne Supremacy (2004), and The Bourne Ultimatum (2007). Although this film has the same title as Van Lustbader's first Bourne novel, The Bourne Legacy, the actual screenplay bears little resemblance to the novel. Unlike the novel, which features Jason Bourne as the principal character, the film centers on black ops agent Aaron Cross (played by Jeremy Renner), an original character. In addition to Renner, the film stars Rachel Weisz and Edward Norton.", "title": "The Bourne Legacy (film)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Castle Rock is an upcoming American psychological horror web television series based on the stories of Stephen King, intertwining characters and themes from the fictional town of Castle Rock. It is set to premiere in mid-2018 on Hulu.", "title": "Castle Rock (TV series)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bourne Deception is the title for the novel by Eric Van Lustbader and the seventh novel in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was released on June 9, 2009. It is Lustbader's fourth Bourne novel, following \"The Bourne Sanction,\" which was published in 2008.", "title": "The Bourne Deception" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Bourne Betrayal is the title for the novel by Eric Van Lustbader and the fifth novel in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was published in June 2007. It is Lustbader's second Bourne novel, following \"The Bourne Legacy\" that was published in 2004. Lustbader has written a sequel to \"The Bourne Betrayal\" titled \"The Bourne Sanction\".", "title": "The Bourne Betrayal" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Film U.S. release date Director Screenwriter (s) Story by Producer (s) The Bourne Identity June 14, 2002 (2002 - 06 - 14) Doug Liman Tony Gilroy and William Blake Herron Doug Liman, Patrick Crowley and Richard N. Gladstein The Bourne Supremacy July 23, 2004 (2004 - 07 - 23) Paul Greengrass Tony Gilroy Frank Marshall, Patrick Crowley and Paul L. Sandberg The Bourne Ultimatum August 3, 2007 (2007 - 08 - 03) Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi Tony Gilroy The Bourne Legacy August 10, 2012 (2012 - 08 - 10) Tony Gilroy Tony Gilroy and Dan Gilroy Frank Marshall, Patrick Crowley, Jeffrey M. Weiner and Ben Smith Jason Bourne July 29, 2016 (2016 - 07 - 29) Paul Greengrass Paul Greengrass and Christopher Rouse Matt Damon, Paul Greengrass, Gregory Goodman, Frank Marshall, Jeffrey M. Weiner and Ben Smith", "title": "Bourne (film series)" } ]	What was the story that included the character from The Bourne Betrayal based on?	the novel of the same name by Robert Ludlum	[ "Robert Ludlum" ]	Title: Bourne (film series) Passage: Producer Frank Marshall said Universal Pictures is hoping to plan a sequel to Jason Bourne, making it the sixth Bourne film. He also stated that a sequel to The Bourne Legacy featuring Renner's Cross is unlikely although he did not explicitly rule it out. However, in March 2017, Matt Damon cast doubt upon a sequel, hinting that people ``might be done ''with the character. Title: Paddington (film) Passage: Paddington is a 2014 live - action animated comedy film written and directed by Paul King from a story by King and Hamish McColl and produced by David Heyman. Based on the stories of the character Paddington Bear created by Michael Bond, the film stars Ben Whishaw as the voice of the title character, with Hugh Bonneville, Sally Hawkins, Julie Walters, Jim Broadbent, Peter Capaldi, and Nicole Kidman in live - action roles. The film tells the story of the eponymous character Paddington, an anthropomorphic bear who migrates from the jungles of Peru to the streets of London, where he is adopted by the Brown family. Kidman plays the role of a taxidermist, who attempts to add him to her collection. Title: Second Chance (musical) Passage: Second Chance is a rock opera conceived by Stéphane Prémont and Frédérick Desroches about high schoolers' not-so-easy lives. The central character, Johnny, sees his life turn sour because of rumors, betrayal and bad communication. The story deals with suicide, anorexia, drugs and teen pregnancy. It is based on his first play entitled "Holding Out for Hero", presented in 1994. He started composing the musical version of the show in 2008, and the finished product was ready later that year, in August. The original run started on March 15, 2009. A French production opened in February 2010 at the Quebec City Salle Dina-Belanger. It was the first professional production of the show. Title: The Bourne Legacy (film) Passage: The Bourne Legacy is a 2012 American action thriller film directed by Tony Gilroy, and is the fourth installment in the series of films adapted from the "Jason Bourne" novels originated by Robert Ludlum and continued by Eric Van Lustbader, being preceded by "The Bourne Identity" (2002), "The Bourne Supremacy" (2004), and "The Bourne Ultimatum" (2007). Although this film has the same title as Van Lustbader's first "Bourne" novel, "The Bourne Legacy", the actual screenplay bears little resemblance to the novel. Unlike the novel, which features Jason Bourne as the principal character, the film centers on black ops agent Aaron Cross (played by Jeremy Renner), an original character. In addition to Renner, the film stars Rachel Weisz and Edward Norton. Title: Unix shell Passage: Almquist shell (ash): written as a BSD - licensed replacement for the Bourne Shell; often used in resource - constrained environments. The sh of FreeBSD, NetBSD (and their derivatives) are based on ash that has been enhanced to be POSIX conformant for the occasion. Bourne - Again shell (bash): written as part of the GNU Project to provide a superset of Bourne Shell functionality. This shell can be found installed and is the default interactive shell for users on most Linux and macOS systems. Debian Almquist shell (dash): a modern replacement for ash in Debian and Ubuntu Korn shell (ksh): written by David Korn based on the Bourne shell sources while working at Bell Labs Public domain Korn shell (pdksh) MirBSD Korn shell (mksh): a descendant of the OpenBSD / bin / ksh and pdksh, developed as part of MirOS BSD Z shell (zsh): a relatively modern shell that is backward compatible with bash Busybox: a set of Unix utilities for small and embedded systems, which includes 2 shells: ash, a derivative of the Almquist shell; and hush, an independent implementation of a Bourne shell. Title: Cardillac Passage: Cardillac is an opera by Paul Hindemith in three acts and four scenes. Ferdinand Lion wrote the libretto based on characters from the short story "Das Fräulein von Scuderi" by E.T.A. Hoffmann. Title: The Bourne Deception Passage: The Bourne Deception is the title for the novel by Eric Van Lustbader and the seventh novel in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was released on June 9, 2009. It is Lustbader's fourth Bourne novel, following "The Bourne Sanction," which was published in 2008. Title: The Bourne Betrayal Passage: The Bourne Betrayal is the title for the novel by Eric Van Lustbader and the fifth novel in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was published in June 2007. It is Lustbader's second Bourne novel, following "The Bourne Legacy" that was published in 2004. Lustbader has written a sequel to "The Bourne Betrayal" titled "The Bourne Sanction". Title: Castle Rock (TV series) Passage: Castle Rock is an upcoming American psychological horror web television series based on the stories of Stephen King, intertwining characters and themes from the fictional town of Castle Rock. It is set to premiere in mid-2018 on Hulu. Title: Prizes (novel) Passage: Prizes is a 1995 novel written by Erich Segal. It tells stories of three principal characters: Adam Coopersmith (a genius immunologist), Sandy Raven (a cell biologist bitter from betrayal), and Isabel Da Costa (a child prodigy who goes on to win a Nobel Prize in Physics). Title: Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag Passage: As is the case in previous games in the Assassin's Creed series, the story is divided into two intertwined halves, with one in the present day, one in a historical setting, and the events of each influencing the other. Although the present - day story had previously established that an Animus was required to view one's ancestors memories, the ending of Assassin's Creed III reveals that Abstergo can now view a host's genetic memories simply by sequencing the host's DNA. As such, the player character is hired by Abstergo Entertainment to investigate a pivotal character in Desmond's ancestry, the Assassin Edward Kenway. A notorious pirate and privateer operating during the Golden Age of Piracy, Kenway's story is set in the Caribbean, and mixes open - ended ship - based exploration with combat and land - based adventures in Cuba and Jamaica, and on a number of Caribbean islands, parts of southern Florida and eastern Mexico. Title: It Happens Every Spring Passage: It Happens Every Spring is a 1949 American comedy film starring Ray Milland and directed by Lloyd Bacon. The story of a baseball pitcher is completely fictitious, and the main character King Kelly is not based on or related to the actual player. Title: The Bourne Legacy (film) Passage: The Bourne Legacy is a 2012 American action thriller film directed by Tony Gilroy, and is the fourth installment in the series of films adapted from the Jason Bourne novels originated by Robert Ludlum and continued by Eric Van Lustbader, being preceded by The Bourne Identity (2002), The Bourne Supremacy (2004), and The Bourne Ultimatum (2007). Although this film has the same title as Van Lustbader's first Bourne novel, The Bourne Legacy, the actual screenplay bears little resemblance to the novel. Unlike the novel, which features Jason Bourne as the principal character, the film centers on black ops agent Aaron Cross (played by Jeremy Renner), an original character. In addition to Renner, the film stars Rachel Weisz and Edward Norton. Title: The Bourne Supremacy Passage: The Bourne Supremacy is the second Jason Bourne novel written by Robert Ludlum, first published in 1986. It is the sequel to Ludlum's bestseller "The Bourne Identity" (1980) and precedes Ludlum's final Bourne novel, "The Bourne Ultimatum" (1990). Title: Bakor Patel Passage: Bakor Patel is children's literature character created by Hariprasad Vyas for funny animal stories published by "Gandiv", a children's biweekly in Gujarati language published by Gandiv Sahitya Mandir, Surat, Gujarat, India. The humorous stories about Bakor Patel written by Vyas which first appeared in 1936 and continued till 1955. The stories include other anthropomorphic characters including his wife, Shakri Patlani. The stories were accompanied with an illustration and title printed in typical typography which were drawn by two Surat based artist brothers, Tansukh and Mansukh. The character became the icon of Gujarati children's literature and was adapted into a children's play. Title: The Bourne Ultimatum (film) Passage: The Bourne Ultimatum is a 2007 action spy film directed by Paul Greengrass loosely based on the novel of the same name by Robert Ludlum. The screenplay was written by Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi and based on a screen story of the novel by Gilroy. The Bourne Ultimatum is the third in the Jason Bourne film series, being preceded by The Bourne Identity (2002) and The Bourne Supremacy (2004). The fourth film, The Bourne Legacy, was released in August 2012, without the involvement of Damon, and the fifth film (a direct sequel to Ultimatum), Jason Bourne, was released in July 2016. Title: Jim Prideaux Passage: Jim Prideaux is a fictional character created by John le Carré. He appears in "Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy", with the book's events alternating between his point of view and that of George Smiley, and a minor character in "A Legacy of Spies". He is a member of the "Scalp Hunters," a division of MI6 (called "The Circus" in le Carre's books) dedicated to especially dangerous counterintelligence missions often involving violence or assassinations. Prideaux's betrayal, and subsequent capture, following a botched mission in Czechoslovakia is the jumping off point for the events of the book. The character has been featured in both cinematic adaptations of the book, with each presenting a markedly different portrayal of the character. Title: Heart of Glass (film) Passage: Heart of Glass () is a 1976 German film directed and produced by Werner Herzog, set in 18th century Bavaria. The film was written by Herzog, based partly on a story by Herbert Achternbusch. The main character is Hias, based on the legendary Bavarian prophet Mühlhiasl. Title: Bourne (film series) Passage: Film U.S. release date Director Screenwriter (s) Story by Producer (s) The Bourne Identity June 14, 2002 (2002 - 06 - 14) Doug Liman Tony Gilroy and William Blake Herron Doug Liman, Patrick Crowley and Richard N. Gladstein The Bourne Supremacy July 23, 2004 (2004 - 07 - 23) Paul Greengrass Tony Gilroy Frank Marshall, Patrick Crowley and Paul L. Sandberg The Bourne Ultimatum August 3, 2007 (2007 - 08 - 03) Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi Tony Gilroy The Bourne Legacy August 10, 2012 (2012 - 08 - 10) Tony Gilroy Tony Gilroy and Dan Gilroy Frank Marshall, Patrick Crowley, Jeffrey M. Weiner and Ben Smith Jason Bourne July 29, 2016 (2016 - 07 - 29) Paul Greengrass Paul Greengrass and Christopher Rouse Matt Damon, Paul Greengrass, Gregory Goodman, Frank Marshall, Jeffrey M. Weiner and Ben Smith Title: The Bourne Sanction Passage: The Bourne Sanction is the title for the novel by Eric Van Lustbader and the sixth novel in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was released on July 29, 2008. It is Lustbader's third Bourne novel, following "The Bourne Betrayal" that was published in 2007.	[ "The Bourne Ultimatum (film)", "The Bourne Betrayal" ]
2hop__998_25855	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Video games are playable on various versions of iPods. The original iPod had the game Brick (originally invented by Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak) included as an easter egg hidden feature; later firmware versions added it as a menu option. Later revisions of the iPod added three more games: Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz.", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "These and other differences reflect the differing design goals of the two buses: USB was designed for simplicity and low cost, while FireWire was designed for high performance, particularly in time-sensitive applications such as audio and video. Although similar in theoretical maximum transfer rate, FireWire 400 is faster than USB 2.0 Hi-Bandwidth in real-use, especially in high-bandwidth use such as external hard-drives. The newer FireWire 800 standard is twice as fast as FireWire 400 and faster than USB 2.0 Hi-Bandwidth both theoretically and practically. However, Firewire's speed advantages rely on low-level techniques such as direct memory access (DMA), which in turn have created opportunities for security exploits such as the DMA attack.", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On Dell and Toshiba laptops, the port is marked with the standard USB symbol with an added lightning bolt icon on the right side. Dell calls this feature PowerShare, while Toshiba calls it USB Sleep-and-Charge. On Acer Inc. and Packard Bell laptops, sleep-and-charge USB ports are marked with a non-standard symbol (the letters USB over a drawing of a battery); the feature is simply called Power-off USB. On some laptops such as Dell and Apple MacBook models, it is possible to plug a device in, close the laptop (putting it into sleep mode) and have the device continue to charge.[citation needed]", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "iPods have been criticized for alleged short life-span and fragile hard drives. A 2005 survey conducted on the MacInTouch website found that the iPod line had an average failure rate of 13.7% (although they note that comments from respondents indicate that \"the true iPod failure rate may be lower than it appears\"). It concluded that some models were more durable than others. In particular, failure rates for iPods employing hard drives was usually above 20% while those with flash memory had a failure rate below 10%. In late 2005, many users complained that the surface of the first generation iPod Nano can become scratched easily, rendering the screen unusable. A class action lawsuit was also filed. Apple initially considered the issue a minor defect, but later began shipping these iPods with protective sleeves.[citation needed]", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The third generation began including a 30-pin dock connector, allowing for FireWire or USB connectivity. This provided better compatibility with non-Apple machines, as most of them did not have FireWire ports at the time. Eventually Apple began shipping iPods with USB cables instead of FireWire, although the latter was available separately. As of the first-generation iPod Nano and the fifth-generation iPod Classic, Apple discontinued using FireWire for data transfer (while still allowing for use of FireWire to charge the device) in an attempt to reduce cost and form factor. As of the second-generation iPod Touch and the fourth-generation iPod Nano, FireWire charging ability has been removed. The second-, third-, and fourth-generation iPod Shuffle uses a single 3.5 mm minijack phone connector which acts as both a headphone jack and a data port for the dock.", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The IBM Personal Computer XT, often shortened to the IBM XT, PC XT, or simply XT, is a version of the IBM PC with a built - in hard drive. It was released as IBM Machine Type number 5160 on March 8, 1983. Apart from the hard drive, it was essentially the same as the original PC, with only minor improvements. The XT was mainly intended as an enhanced IBM PC for business users. Later floppy - only models would effectively replace the original model 5150 PC. A corresponding 3270 PC featuring 3270 terminal emulation was released later in October 1983. XT stands for eXtended Technology.", "title": "IBM Personal Computer XT" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sleep-and-charge USB ports can be used to charge electronic devices even when the computer is switched off. Normally, when a computer is powered off the USB ports are powered down, preventing phones and other devices from charging. Sleep-and-charge USB ports remain powered even when the computer is off. On laptops, charging devices from the USB port when it is not being powered from AC drains the laptop battery faster; most laptops have a facility to stop charging if their own battery charge level gets too low.", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In mathematical analysis Fubini's theorem, introduced by Guido Fubini in 1907, is a result that gives conditions under which it is possible to compute a double integral by using iterated integral. One may switch the order of integration if the double integral yields a finite answer when the integrand is replaced by its absolute value.", "title": "Fubini's theorem" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Firstly conceived and still used today for optical storage devices (CD-RW drives, DVD drives, etc.), several manufacturers offer external portable USB hard disk drives, or empty enclosures for disk drives. These offer performance comparable to internal drives, limited by the current number and types of attached USB devices, and by the upper limit of the USB interface (in practice about 30 MB/s for USB 2.0 and potentially 400 MB/s or more for USB 3.0). These external drives typically include a \"translating device\" that bridges between a drive's interface to a USB interface port. Functionally, the drive appears to the user much like an internal drive. Other competing standards for external drive connectivity include eSATA, ExpressCard, FireWire (IEEE 1394), and most recently Thunderbolt.", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Apple announced a battery replacement program on November 14, 2003, a week before a high publicity stunt and website by the Neistat Brothers. The initial cost was US$99, and it was lowered to US$59 in 2005. One week later, Apple offered an extended iPod warranty for US$59. For the iPod Nano, soldering tools are needed because the battery is soldered onto the main board. Fifth generation iPods have their battery attached to the backplate with adhesive.", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "RAM can be read and written to anytime the CPU commands it, but ROM is preloaded with data and software that never changes, therefore the CPU can only read from it. ROM is typically used to store the computer's initial start-up instructions. In general, the contents of RAM are erased when the power to the computer is turned off, but ROM retains its data indefinitely. In a PC, the ROM contains a specialized program called the BIOS that orchestrates loading the computer's operating system from the hard disk drive into RAM whenever the computer is turned on or reset. In embedded computers, which frequently do not have disk drives, all of the required software may be stored in ROM. Software stored in ROM is often called firmware, because it is notionally more like hardware than software. Flash memory blurs the distinction between ROM and RAM, as it retains its data when turned off but is also rewritable. It is typically much slower than conventional ROM and RAM however, so its use is restricted to applications where high speed is unnecessary.", "title": "Computer" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Apple did not develop the iPod software entirely in-house, instead using PortalPlayer's reference platform based on two ARM cores. The platform had rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system. PortalPlayer had previously been working on an IBM-branded MP3 player with Bluetooth headphones. Apple contracted another company, Pixo, to help design and implement the user interface under the direct supervision of Steve Jobs. As development progressed, Apple continued to refine the software's look and feel. Starting with the iPod Mini, the Chicago font was replaced with Espy Sans. Later iPods switched fonts again to Podium Sans—a font similar to Apple's corporate font, Myriad. iPods with color displays then adopted some Mac OS X themes like Aqua progress bars, and brushed metal meant to evoke a combination lock. In 2007, Apple modified the iPod interface again with the introduction of the sixth-generation iPod Classic and third-generation iPod Nano by changing the font to Helvetica and, in most cases, splitting the screen in half by displaying the menus on the left and album artwork, photos, or videos on the right (whichever was appropriate for the selected item).", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In early 2001, Apple began shipping computers with CD-RW drives and emphasized the Mac's ability to play DVDs by including DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM drives as standard. Steve Jobs admitted that Apple had been \"late to the party\" on writable CD technology, but felt that Macs could become a \"digital hub\" that linked and enabled an \"emerging digital lifestyle\". Apple would later introduce an update to its iTunes music player software that enabled it to burn CDs, along with a controversial \"Rip, Mix, Burn\" advertising campaign that some felt encouraged media piracy. This accompanied the release of the iPod, Apple's first successful handheld device. Apple continued to launch products, such as the unsuccessful Power Mac G4 Cube, the education-oriented eMac, and the titanium (and later aluminium) PowerBook G4 laptop for professionals.", "title": "Macintosh" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dell was the first company to publicly state a timeline for the elimination of toxic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which it planned to phase out by the end of 2009. It revised this commitment and now aims to remove these toxics by the end of 2011 but only in its computing products. In March 2010, Greenpeace activists protested at Dell offices in Bangalore, Amsterdam and Copenhagen calling for Dell’s founder and CEO Michael Dell to ‘drop the toxics’ and claiming that Dell’s aspiration to be ‘the greenest technology company on the planet’ was ‘hypocritical’. Dell has launched its first products completely free of PVC and BFRs with the G-Series monitors (G2210 and G2410) in 2009.", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dell's reputation for poor customer service, since 2002, which was exacerbated as it moved call centres offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came under increasing scrutiny on the Web. The original Dell model was known for high customer satisfaction when PCs sold for thousands but by the 2000s, the company could not justify that level of service when computers in the same lineup sold for hundreds. Rollins responded by shifting Dick Hunter from head of manufacturing to head of customer service. Hunter, who noted that Dell's DNA of cost-cutting \"got in the way,\" aimed to reduce call transfer times and have call center representatives resolve inquiries in one call. By 2006, Dell had spent $100 million in just a few months to improve on this, and rolled out DellConnect to answer customer inquiries more quickly. In July 2006, the company started its Direct2Dell blog, and then in February 2007, Michael Dell launched IdeaStorm.com, asking customers for advice including selling Linux computers and reducing the promotional \"bloatware\" on PCs. These initiatives did manage to cut the negative blog posts from 49% to 22%, as well as reduce the \"Dell Hell\" prominent on Internet search engines.", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices.", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In late 1999, Esri released ArcMap 8.0, which ran on the Microsoft Windows operating system. ArcGIS combined the visual user-interface aspect of ArcView GIS 3.x interface with some of the power from the Arc/INFO version 7.2 workstation. This pairing resulted in a new software suite called ArcGIS including the command-line ArcInfo workstation (v8.0) and a new graphical user interface application called ArcMap (v8.0). This ArcMAP incorporating some of the functionality of ArcInfo with a more intuitive interface, as well as a file management application called ArcCatalog (v8.0). The release of the ArcMap constituted a major change in Esri's software offerings, aligning all their client and server products under one software architecture known as ArcGIS, developed using Microsoft Windows COM standards. While the interface and names of ArcMap 8.0 are similar to later versions of ArcGIS Desktop, they are different products. ArcGIS 8.1 replaced ArcMap 8.0 in the product line but was not an update to it.", "title": "ArcGIS" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Apple updated the Nano again on September 5, 2007. It also is the most like the iPod Classic. The third - generation Nano featured a 2 - inch (51 mm) QVGA (320 x 240) screen and a shorter, wider, heavier design, with new colors. New features included browsing via Cover Flow, a new user interface, video playback, and support for new iPod Games. Users had to repurchase games bought a month before the debut of the new iPod as they were not supported. The Nano was announced in a 4 GB version coming in silver and an 8 GB version coming in silver, turquoise, mint green, black, and Product Red. The battery lasted for approx. 24 hours on audio playback and approx. 5 hours on video playback. On January 22, 2008, Apple released a pink version of the 8 GB iPod Nano.", "title": "IPod Nano" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adam R. Dell (born January 14, 1970) is an American venture capitalist and is the brother of Michael Dell, the founder of computer manufacturing company Dell Inc.", "title": "Adam Dell" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The current Mac product family uses Intel x86-64 processors. Apple introduced an emulator during the transition from PowerPC chips (called Rosetta), much as it did during the transition from Motorola 68000 architecture a decade earlier. The Macintosh is the only mainstream computer platform to have successfully transitioned to a new CPU architecture, and has done so twice. All current Mac models ship with at least 8 GB of RAM as standard other than the 1.4 GHz Mac Mini, MacBook Pro (without Retina Display), and MacBook Air. Current Mac computers use ATI Radeon or nVidia GeForce graphics cards as well as Intel graphics built into the main CPU. All current Macs (except for the MacBook Pro without Retina Display) do not ship with an optical media drive that includes a dual-function DVD/CD burner. Apple refers to this as a SuperDrive. Current Macs include two standard data transfer ports: USB and Thunderbolt (except for the MacBook (2015 version), which only has a USB-C port and headphone port). MacBook Pro, iMac, MacBook Air, and Mac Mini computers now also feature the \"Thunderbolt\" port, which Apple says can transfer data at speeds up to 10 gigabits per second. USB was introduced in the 1998 iMac G3 and is ubiquitous today, while FireWire is mainly reserved for high-performance devices such as hard drives or video cameras. Starting with the then-new iMac G5, released in October 2005, Apple started to include built-in iSight cameras on appropriate models, and a media center interface called Front Row that can be operated by an Apple Remote or keyboard for accessing media stored on the computer. Front Row has been discontinued as of 2011, however, and the Apple Remote is no longer bundled with new Macs.", "title": "Macintosh" } ]	What does dell call the feature letting the interface replacing FireWire in later iterations of the iPod drives to remain powered when the computer is off?	PowerShare	[]	Title: IBM Personal Computer XT Passage: The IBM Personal Computer XT, often shortened to the IBM XT, PC XT, or simply XT, is a version of the IBM PC with a built - in hard drive. It was released as IBM Machine Type number 5160 on March 8, 1983. Apart from the hard drive, it was essentially the same as the original PC, with only minor improvements. The XT was mainly intended as an enhanced IBM PC for business users. Later floppy - only models would effectively replace the original model 5150 PC. A corresponding 3270 PC featuring 3270 terminal emulation was released later in October 1983. XT stands for eXtended Technology. Title: Macintosh Passage: In early 2001, Apple began shipping computers with CD-RW drives and emphasized the Mac's ability to play DVDs by including DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM drives as standard. Steve Jobs admitted that Apple had been "late to the party" on writable CD technology, but felt that Macs could become a "digital hub" that linked and enabled an "emerging digital lifestyle". Apple would later introduce an update to its iTunes music player software that enabled it to burn CDs, along with a controversial "Rip, Mix, Burn" advertising campaign that some felt encouraged media piracy. This accompanied the release of the iPod, Apple's first successful handheld device. Apple continued to launch products, such as the unsuccessful Power Mac G4 Cube, the education-oriented eMac, and the titanium (and later aluminium) PowerBook G4 laptop for professionals. Title: USB Passage: Firstly conceived and still used today for optical storage devices (CD-RW drives, DVD drives, etc.), several manufacturers offer external portable USB hard disk drives, or empty enclosures for disk drives. These offer performance comparable to internal drives, limited by the current number and types of attached USB devices, and by the upper limit of the USB interface (in practice about 30 MB/s for USB 2.0 and potentially 400 MB/s or more for USB 3.0). These external drives typically include a "translating device" that bridges between a drive's interface to a USB interface port. Functionally, the drive appears to the user much like an internal drive. Other competing standards for external drive connectivity include eSATA, ExpressCard, FireWire (IEEE 1394), and most recently Thunderbolt. Title: Dell Passage: Dell was the first company to publicly state a timeline for the elimination of toxic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which it planned to phase out by the end of 2009. It revised this commitment and now aims to remove these toxics by the end of 2011 but only in its computing products. In March 2010, Greenpeace activists protested at Dell offices in Bangalore, Amsterdam and Copenhagen calling for Dell’s founder and CEO Michael Dell to ‘drop the toxics’ and claiming that Dell’s aspiration to be ‘the greenest technology company on the planet’ was ‘hypocritical’. Dell has launched its first products completely free of PVC and BFRs with the G-Series monitors (G2210 and G2410) in 2009. Title: IPod Passage: Apple did not develop the iPod software entirely in-house, instead using PortalPlayer's reference platform based on two ARM cores. The platform had rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system. PortalPlayer had previously been working on an IBM-branded MP3 player with Bluetooth headphones. Apple contracted another company, Pixo, to help design and implement the user interface under the direct supervision of Steve Jobs. As development progressed, Apple continued to refine the software's look and feel. Starting with the iPod Mini, the Chicago font was replaced with Espy Sans. Later iPods switched fonts again to Podium Sans—a font similar to Apple's corporate font, Myriad. iPods with color displays then adopted some Mac OS X themes like Aqua progress bars, and brushed metal meant to evoke a combination lock. In 2007, Apple modified the iPod interface again with the introduction of the sixth-generation iPod Classic and third-generation iPod Nano by changing the font to Helvetica and, in most cases, splitting the screen in half by displaying the menus on the left and album artwork, photos, or videos on the right (whichever was appropriate for the selected item). Title: Fubini's theorem Passage: In mathematical analysis Fubini's theorem, introduced by Guido Fubini in 1907, is a result that gives conditions under which it is possible to compute a double integral by using iterated integral. One may switch the order of integration if the double integral yields a finite answer when the integrand is replaced by its absolute value. Title: IPod Passage: Video games are playable on various versions of iPods. The original iPod had the game Brick (originally invented by Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak) included as an easter egg hidden feature; later firmware versions added it as a menu option. Later revisions of the iPod added three more games: Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz. Title: ArcGIS Passage: In late 1999, Esri released ArcMap 8.0, which ran on the Microsoft Windows operating system. ArcGIS combined the visual user-interface aspect of ArcView GIS 3.x interface with some of the power from the Arc/INFO version 7.2 workstation. This pairing resulted in a new software suite called ArcGIS including the command-line ArcInfo workstation (v8.0) and a new graphical user interface application called ArcMap (v8.0). This ArcMAP incorporating some of the functionality of ArcInfo with a more intuitive interface, as well as a file management application called ArcCatalog (v8.0). The release of the ArcMap constituted a major change in Esri's software offerings, aligning all their client and server products under one software architecture known as ArcGIS, developed using Microsoft Windows COM standards. While the interface and names of ArcMap 8.0 are similar to later versions of ArcGIS Desktop, they are different products. ArcGIS 8.1 replaced ArcMap 8.0 in the product line but was not an update to it. Title: IPod Passage: Apple announced a battery replacement program on November 14, 2003, a week before a high publicity stunt and website by the Neistat Brothers. The initial cost was US$99, and it was lowered to US$59 in 2005. One week later, Apple offered an extended iPod warranty for US$59. For the iPod Nano, soldering tools are needed because the battery is soldered onto the main board. Fifth generation iPods have their battery attached to the backplate with adhesive. Title: USB Passage: On Dell and Toshiba laptops, the port is marked with the standard USB symbol with an added lightning bolt icon on the right side. Dell calls this feature PowerShare, while Toshiba calls it USB Sleep-and-Charge. On Acer Inc. and Packard Bell laptops, sleep-and-charge USB ports are marked with a non-standard symbol (the letters USB over a drawing of a battery); the feature is simply called Power-off USB. On some laptops such as Dell and Apple MacBook models, it is possible to plug a device in, close the laptop (putting it into sleep mode) and have the device continue to charge.[citation needed] Title: USB Passage: Sleep-and-charge USB ports can be used to charge electronic devices even when the computer is switched off. Normally, when a computer is powered off the USB ports are powered down, preventing phones and other devices from charging. Sleep-and-charge USB ports remain powered even when the computer is off. On laptops, charging devices from the USB port when it is not being powered from AC drains the laptop battery faster; most laptops have a facility to stop charging if their own battery charge level gets too low. Title: Dell Passage: Dell's reputation for poor customer service, since 2002, which was exacerbated as it moved call centres offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came under increasing scrutiny on the Web. The original Dell model was known for high customer satisfaction when PCs sold for thousands but by the 2000s, the company could not justify that level of service when computers in the same lineup sold for hundreds. Rollins responded by shifting Dick Hunter from head of manufacturing to head of customer service. Hunter, who noted that Dell's DNA of cost-cutting "got in the way," aimed to reduce call transfer times and have call center representatives resolve inquiries in one call. By 2006, Dell had spent $100 million in just a few months to improve on this, and rolled out DellConnect to answer customer inquiries more quickly. In July 2006, the company started its Direct2Dell blog, and then in February 2007, Michael Dell launched IdeaStorm.com, asking customers for advice including selling Linux computers and reducing the promotional "bloatware" on PCs. These initiatives did manage to cut the negative blog posts from 49% to 22%, as well as reduce the "Dell Hell" prominent on Internet search engines. Title: USB Passage: USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. Title: Adam Dell Passage: Adam R. Dell (born January 14, 1970) is an American venture capitalist and is the brother of Michael Dell, the founder of computer manufacturing company Dell Inc. Title: IPod Passage: The third generation began including a 30-pin dock connector, allowing for FireWire or USB connectivity. This provided better compatibility with non-Apple machines, as most of them did not have FireWire ports at the time. Eventually Apple began shipping iPods with USB cables instead of FireWire, although the latter was available separately. As of the first-generation iPod Nano and the fifth-generation iPod Classic, Apple discontinued using FireWire for data transfer (while still allowing for use of FireWire to charge the device) in an attempt to reduce cost and form factor. As of the second-generation iPod Touch and the fourth-generation iPod Nano, FireWire charging ability has been removed. The second-, third-, and fourth-generation iPod Shuffle uses a single 3.5 mm minijack phone connector which acts as both a headphone jack and a data port for the dock. Title: USB Passage: These and other differences reflect the differing design goals of the two buses: USB was designed for simplicity and low cost, while FireWire was designed for high performance, particularly in time-sensitive applications such as audio and video. Although similar in theoretical maximum transfer rate, FireWire 400 is faster than USB 2.0 Hi-Bandwidth in real-use, especially in high-bandwidth use such as external hard-drives. The newer FireWire 800 standard is twice as fast as FireWire 400 and faster than USB 2.0 Hi-Bandwidth both theoretically and practically. However, Firewire's speed advantages rely on low-level techniques such as direct memory access (DMA), which in turn have created opportunities for security exploits such as the DMA attack. Title: Computer Passage: RAM can be read and written to anytime the CPU commands it, but ROM is preloaded with data and software that never changes, therefore the CPU can only read from it. ROM is typically used to store the computer's initial start-up instructions. In general, the contents of RAM are erased when the power to the computer is turned off, but ROM retains its data indefinitely. In a PC, the ROM contains a specialized program called the BIOS that orchestrates loading the computer's operating system from the hard disk drive into RAM whenever the computer is turned on or reset. In embedded computers, which frequently do not have disk drives, all of the required software may be stored in ROM. Software stored in ROM is often called firmware, because it is notionally more like hardware than software. Flash memory blurs the distinction between ROM and RAM, as it retains its data when turned off but is also rewritable. It is typically much slower than conventional ROM and RAM however, so its use is restricted to applications where high speed is unnecessary. Title: Macintosh Passage: The current Mac product family uses Intel x86-64 processors. Apple introduced an emulator during the transition from PowerPC chips (called Rosetta), much as it did during the transition from Motorola 68000 architecture a decade earlier. The Macintosh is the only mainstream computer platform to have successfully transitioned to a new CPU architecture, and has done so twice. All current Mac models ship with at least 8 GB of RAM as standard other than the 1.4 GHz Mac Mini, MacBook Pro (without Retina Display), and MacBook Air. Current Mac computers use ATI Radeon or nVidia GeForce graphics cards as well as Intel graphics built into the main CPU. All current Macs (except for the MacBook Pro without Retina Display) do not ship with an optical media drive that includes a dual-function DVD/CD burner. Apple refers to this as a SuperDrive. Current Macs include two standard data transfer ports: USB and Thunderbolt (except for the MacBook (2015 version), which only has a USB-C port and headphone port). MacBook Pro, iMac, MacBook Air, and Mac Mini computers now also feature the "Thunderbolt" port, which Apple says can transfer data at speeds up to 10 gigabits per second. USB was introduced in the 1998 iMac G3 and is ubiquitous today, while FireWire is mainly reserved for high-performance devices such as hard drives or video cameras. Starting with the then-new iMac G5, released in October 2005, Apple started to include built-in iSight cameras on appropriate models, and a media center interface called Front Row that can be operated by an Apple Remote or keyboard for accessing media stored on the computer. Front Row has been discontinued as of 2011, however, and the Apple Remote is no longer bundled with new Macs. Title: IPod Passage: iPods have been criticized for alleged short life-span and fragile hard drives. A 2005 survey conducted on the MacInTouch website found that the iPod line had an average failure rate of 13.7% (although they note that comments from respondents indicate that "the true iPod failure rate may be lower than it appears"). It concluded that some models were more durable than others. In particular, failure rates for iPods employing hard drives was usually above 20% while those with flash memory had a failure rate below 10%. In late 2005, many users complained that the surface of the first generation iPod Nano can become scratched easily, rendering the screen unusable. A class action lawsuit was also filed. Apple initially considered the issue a minor defect, but later began shipping these iPods with protective sleeves.[citation needed] Title: IPod Nano Passage: Apple updated the Nano again on September 5, 2007. It also is the most like the iPod Classic. The third - generation Nano featured a 2 - inch (51 mm) QVGA (320 x 240) screen and a shorter, wider, heavier design, with new colors. New features included browsing via Cover Flow, a new user interface, video playback, and support for new iPod Games. Users had to repurchase games bought a month before the debut of the new iPod as they were not supported. The Nano was announced in a 4 GB version coming in silver and an 8 GB version coming in silver, turquoise, mint green, black, and Product Red. The battery lasted for approx. 24 hours on audio playback and approx. 5 hours on video playback. On January 22, 2008, Apple released a pink version of the 8 GB iPod Nano.	[ "USB", "IPod" ]
2hop__827755_156034	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bellefonte is a ghost town in Jackson County, Alabama, United States, near the site of the Bellefonte Nuclear Generating Station. It is located roughly two miles southeast of Hollywood, Alabama.", "title": "Bellefonte, Alabama" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Puslinch Lake is a kettle lake located in Wellington County, Ontario, Canada. It is the largest kettle lake in Canada. The lake is private, without access to the public. The lake provides many recreational activities, including swimming, fishing, sailing, motor boating, and water skiing. The Puslinch Lake - Irish Creek Wetland, a provincially significant area, is adjacent to the lake.", "title": "Puslinch Lake" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stamford Brook is a London Underground station on the eastern edge of Chiswick in west London. The station is served by the District line and is between Ravenscourt Park and Turnham Green stations. The main entrance is located on Goldhawk Road (A402) with a secondary entrance on Prebend Gardens. It is in Travelcard Zone 2. The station takes its name from Stamford Brook, a tributary of the River Thames that is now predominantly underground.", "title": "Stamford Brook tube station" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lacus Excellentiae (Latin for \"Lake of Excellence\") is a relatively small, irregular lunar mare in the southern latitudes of the Moon, amidst the rugged terrain to the south of the larger Mare Humorum. The most prominent feature within the diameter of this basin is the small crater Clausius.", "title": "Lacus Excellentiae" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beaverdell is an unincorporated settlement in the Monashee Country of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, which lies to the east of the Okanagan Valley and north of the Boundary Country region. It is located midway along the West Kettle River between Kelowna and Rock Creek along British Columbia Highway 33.", "title": "Beaverdell" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KEYN-FM (103.7 FM) is a radio station operating in Wichita, Kansas, owned by Entercom. The station broadcasts a classic hits music format, featuring hits from the 1970s and 1980s. The station's studios are located at North Woodlawn and East 21st Street in Northeast Wichita, while the transmitter is located outside Colwich, Kansas.", "title": "KEYN-FM" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Geographical features are man - made or naturally - created features of the Earth. Natural geographical features consist of landforms and ecosystems. For example, terrain types, physical factors of the environment) are natural geographical features. Conversely, human settlements or other engineered forms are considered types of artificial geographical features.", "title": "Geographical feature" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Archer Artillery System, or Archer - FH77BW L52, or Artillerisystem 08 is an international project aimed at developing a next-generation self-propelled gun system for Sweden and Norway. The heart of the system is a fully automated 155 mm/L52 gun howitzer and a M151 Protector remote controlled weapon station mounted on a modified 6×6 chassis of the Volvo A30D, all-terrain articulated hauler. The crew and engine compartment is armoured and the cab is fitted with bullet and fragmentation-", "title": "Archer Artillery System" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grand Forks, population 4,049, is a city in the Boundary Country of the West Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. It is located at the confluence of the Granby River and Kettle River, a tributary of the Columbia. The city is just north of the US - Canada border, approximately 500 km from Vancouver, British Columbia and 200 km from Kelowna, British Columbia and 23 km west of the resort area of Christina Lake by road.", "title": "Grand Forks, British Columbia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fort Nelson, a historic Hudson's Bay Company trading post, was at the mouth of the Nelson River at Hudson Bay and was a key trading post in the early 18th century. After his pivotal role in establishing the Hudson's Bay Company, Pierre Esprit Radisson, noted French explorer, was chief director of trade at Fort Nelson during one of his sustained periods of service to England. Today, Fort Nelson no longer exists. Port Nelson, the abandoned shipping port, remains on the opposite side of the river mouth on Hudson Bay.", "title": "Nelson River" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Kettle Generating Station, also known as Kettle Rapids Generating Station, is a run-of-the-river hydroelectric power station on the Lower Nelson River in Manitoba, Canada. It is located northwest of Gillam. As part of the Nelson River Hydroelectric Project, the power station was completed in 1973 and the last generator commissioned in 1974. It has an installed capacity of and is the second largest power station in Manitoba.", "title": "Kettle Generating Station" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Project Boreas was a study conducted between 2003 and 2006 by the British Interplanetary Society to design a station on the Planum Boreum at the Martian North Pole. The project was international, involving over 25 scientists and engineers, co-ordinated by Charles S. Cockell. Pole Station was designed to operate for three summers and two polar winters. Amongst a diversity of scientific objectives the station occupants were to retrieve a deep core from within the Martian polar ice cap and search for water and habitable conditions deep in the polar ice cap. Expeditions were planned to numerous locations across the Martian north polar cap, including the Chasma Boreale and the polar layered terrains. The study involved wide-ranging investigations of the scientific priorities for a human presence at the Martian polar ice caps through to detailed architectural and design studies for the station. Studies were undertaken on mobility and communications and psycho-social issues for long-term operation at the Martian polar station.", "title": "Project Boreas" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nughu is an island in the Solomon Islands; it is located in Guadalcanal Province. The estimated terrain elevation above sea level is some 12 metres.", "title": "Nughu" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Twomile Run is a tributary of Kettle Creek in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is long. Tributaries of the stream include Huling Branch and Middle Branch Twomile Run. The stream flows through Leidy Township and Noyes Township. The stream's watershed has an area of approximately 9 square miles. Coal is mined in the watershed. Most of the acid mine drainage in Kettle Creek comes from Twomile Run.", "title": "Twomile Run" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lapham Peak is a Wisconsin state park located in the Kettle Moraine State Forest. It is just south of Delafield and seven miles (11 km) west of Waukesha. The park entrance is two miles (3 km) north of the Glacial Drumlin State Trail.", "title": "Lapham Peak Unit, Kettle Moraine State Forest" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hammersley Fork (also known as Hammersley Fork Creek) is a tributary of Kettle Creek in Potter County and Clinton County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Warton Township in Potter County and Leidy Township in Clinton County. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The main rock formation in the watershed is the Pottsville Formation. A number of bridges cross the stream.", "title": "Hammersley Fork" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Palus Epidemiarum (Latin for \"Marsh of Epidemics\") is a small lunar mare in the southwestern part of the Moon's near side. It lies to the southwest of Mare Nubium, and southeast of Mare Humorum. This feature forms a rough band of lava-flooded terrain that runs generally west–east, with a northward extension near the western end.", "title": "Palus Epidemiarum" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Granby River is a tributary of the Kettle River in British Columbia, Canada, joining the Kettle just north of the Canada–United States border at the town of Grand Forks. The river is approximately in length and has its origin in the Monashee Mountains to the west of Fauquier on the Arrow Lakes.", "title": "Granby River" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Keepit Power Station is a hydro-electric power station located at the Keepit Dam on the Namoi River, near Gunnedah in the North West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia. The Keepit Power Station has one turbine with a generating capacity of of electricity. The power station is operated by Eraring Energy and generated of net energy production during 2009, used primarily for peak-load generation.", "title": "Keepit Power Station" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Yalgar River is a 185-kilometre-long tributary of the Murchison River, located in the Shire of Meekatharra in central Western Australia. It rises in the Glengarry Range 25 km southeast of Mooloogool Station homestead, about 80 kilometres northeast of Meekatharra, flowing 145 kilometres westward (crossing the Great Northern Highway at Karralundi) to a junction with the Hope River. From there it flows north-northwesterly for about 40 kilometres, emptying into the upper reaches of the Murchison River, near Moorarie Station homestead on the Carnarvon-Meekatharra Road.", "title": "Yalgar River" } ]	What is the river that the Kettle Generating Station is located on a tributary of?	Hudson's Bay	[ "Hudson Bay" ]	Title: Lapham Peak Unit, Kettle Moraine State Forest Passage: Lapham Peak is a Wisconsin state park located in the Kettle Moraine State Forest. It is just south of Delafield and seven miles (11 km) west of Waukesha. The park entrance is two miles (3 km) north of the Glacial Drumlin State Trail. Title: Geographical feature Passage: Geographical features are man - made or naturally - created features of the Earth. Natural geographical features consist of landforms and ecosystems. For example, terrain types, physical factors of the environment) are natural geographical features. Conversely, human settlements or other engineered forms are considered types of artificial geographical features. Title: Stamford Brook tube station Passage: Stamford Brook is a London Underground station on the eastern edge of Chiswick in west London. The station is served by the District line and is between Ravenscourt Park and Turnham Green stations. The main entrance is located on Goldhawk Road (A402) with a secondary entrance on Prebend Gardens. It is in Travelcard Zone 2. The station takes its name from Stamford Brook, a tributary of the River Thames that is now predominantly underground. Title: Lacus Excellentiae Passage: Lacus Excellentiae (Latin for "Lake of Excellence") is a relatively small, irregular lunar mare in the southern latitudes of the Moon, amidst the rugged terrain to the south of the larger Mare Humorum. The most prominent feature within the diameter of this basin is the small crater Clausius. Title: Nughu Passage: Nughu is an island in the Solomon Islands; it is located in Guadalcanal Province. The estimated terrain elevation above sea level is some 12 metres. Title: Keepit Power Station Passage: Keepit Power Station is a hydro-electric power station located at the Keepit Dam on the Namoi River, near Gunnedah in the North West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia. The Keepit Power Station has one turbine with a generating capacity of of electricity. The power station is operated by Eraring Energy and generated of net energy production during 2009, used primarily for peak-load generation. Title: Hammersley Fork Passage: Hammersley Fork (also known as Hammersley Fork Creek) is a tributary of Kettle Creek in Potter County and Clinton County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Warton Township in Potter County and Leidy Township in Clinton County. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The main rock formation in the watershed is the Pottsville Formation. A number of bridges cross the stream. Title: Beaverdell Passage: Beaverdell is an unincorporated settlement in the Monashee Country of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, which lies to the east of the Okanagan Valley and north of the Boundary Country region. It is located midway along the West Kettle River between Kelowna and Rock Creek along British Columbia Highway 33. Title: Archer Artillery System Passage: The Archer Artillery System, or Archer - FH77BW L52, or Artillerisystem 08 is an international project aimed at developing a next-generation self-propelled gun system for Sweden and Norway. The heart of the system is a fully automated 155 mm/L52 gun howitzer and a M151 Protector remote controlled weapon station mounted on a modified 6×6 chassis of the Volvo A30D, all-terrain articulated hauler. The crew and engine compartment is armoured and the cab is fitted with bullet and fragmentation- Title: Twomile Run Passage: Twomile Run is a tributary of Kettle Creek in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is long. Tributaries of the stream include Huling Branch and Middle Branch Twomile Run. The stream flows through Leidy Township and Noyes Township. The stream's watershed has an area of approximately 9 square miles. Coal is mined in the watershed. Most of the acid mine drainage in Kettle Creek comes from Twomile Run. Title: Project Boreas Passage: Project Boreas was a study conducted between 2003 and 2006 by the British Interplanetary Society to design a station on the Planum Boreum at the Martian North Pole. The project was international, involving over 25 scientists and engineers, co-ordinated by Charles S. Cockell. Pole Station was designed to operate for three summers and two polar winters. Amongst a diversity of scientific objectives the station occupants were to retrieve a deep core from within the Martian polar ice cap and search for water and habitable conditions deep in the polar ice cap. Expeditions were planned to numerous locations across the Martian north polar cap, including the Chasma Boreale and the polar layered terrains. The study involved wide-ranging investigations of the scientific priorities for a human presence at the Martian polar ice caps through to detailed architectural and design studies for the station. Studies were undertaken on mobility and communications and psycho-social issues for long-term operation at the Martian polar station. Title: Palus Epidemiarum Passage: Palus Epidemiarum (Latin for "Marsh of Epidemics") is a small lunar mare in the southwestern part of the Moon's near side. It lies to the southwest of Mare Nubium, and southeast of Mare Humorum. This feature forms a rough band of lava-flooded terrain that runs generally west–east, with a northward extension near the western end. Title: Grand Forks, British Columbia Passage: Grand Forks, population 4,049, is a city in the Boundary Country of the West Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. It is located at the confluence of the Granby River and Kettle River, a tributary of the Columbia. The city is just north of the US - Canada border, approximately 500 km from Vancouver, British Columbia and 200 km from Kelowna, British Columbia and 23 km west of the resort area of Christina Lake by road. Title: Granby River Passage: The Granby River is a tributary of the Kettle River in British Columbia, Canada, joining the Kettle just north of the Canada–United States border at the town of Grand Forks. The river is approximately in length and has its origin in the Monashee Mountains to the west of Fauquier on the Arrow Lakes. Title: KEYN-FM Passage: KEYN-FM (103.7 FM) is a radio station operating in Wichita, Kansas, owned by Entercom. The station broadcasts a classic hits music format, featuring hits from the 1970s and 1980s. The station's studios are located at North Woodlawn and East 21st Street in Northeast Wichita, while the transmitter is located outside Colwich, Kansas. Title: Nelson River Passage: Fort Nelson, a historic Hudson's Bay Company trading post, was at the mouth of the Nelson River at Hudson Bay and was a key trading post in the early 18th century. After his pivotal role in establishing the Hudson's Bay Company, Pierre Esprit Radisson, noted French explorer, was chief director of trade at Fort Nelson during one of his sustained periods of service to England. Today, Fort Nelson no longer exists. Port Nelson, the abandoned shipping port, remains on the opposite side of the river mouth on Hudson Bay. Title: Puslinch Lake Passage: Puslinch Lake is a kettle lake located in Wellington County, Ontario, Canada. It is the largest kettle lake in Canada. The lake is private, without access to the public. The lake provides many recreational activities, including swimming, fishing, sailing, motor boating, and water skiing. The Puslinch Lake - Irish Creek Wetland, a provincially significant area, is adjacent to the lake. Title: Bellefonte, Alabama Passage: Bellefonte is a ghost town in Jackson County, Alabama, United States, near the site of the Bellefonte Nuclear Generating Station. It is located roughly two miles southeast of Hollywood, Alabama. Title: Yalgar River Passage: The Yalgar River is a 185-kilometre-long tributary of the Murchison River, located in the Shire of Meekatharra in central Western Australia. It rises in the Glengarry Range 25 km southeast of Mooloogool Station homestead, about 80 kilometres northeast of Meekatharra, flowing 145 kilometres westward (crossing the Great Northern Highway at Karralundi) to a junction with the Hope River. From there it flows north-northwesterly for about 40 kilometres, emptying into the upper reaches of the Murchison River, near Moorarie Station homestead on the Carnarvon-Meekatharra Road. Title: Kettle Generating Station Passage: The Kettle Generating Station, also known as Kettle Rapids Generating Station, is a run-of-the-river hydroelectric power station on the Lower Nelson River in Manitoba, Canada. It is located northwest of Gillam. As part of the Nelson River Hydroelectric Project, the power station was completed in 1973 and the last generator commissioned in 1974. It has an installed capacity of and is the second largest power station in Manitoba.	[ "Nelson River", "Kettle Generating Station" ]
2hop__677160_110882	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It's Nice Up North is a 2006 comedy documentary made by comedian Graham Fellows as his alter ego John Shuttleworth.", "title": "It's Nice Up North" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nice N 'Wild, also known as Nice & Wild, was a U.S. Freestyle music group that rose to fame in 1986 after their release of ``Diamond Girl ''.", "title": "Nice & Wild" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maureen Payne (date of birth unknown, died 1997, South Africa) was a South Africa Test cricketer. She captained the side for their second series, played against New Zealand in 1971–72. She appeared in five Tests for South Africa, claiming eight wickets.", "title": "Maureen Payne" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Madonna was criticized for her performance of \"Like a Virgin\" at the first 1984 MTV Video Music Awards (VMA). She appeared on stage atop a giant wedding cake, wearing a wedding dress and white gloves. The performance is noted by MTV as an iconic moment in VMA history. In later years, Madonna commented that she was terrified of the performance. The next hit was \"Material Girl\" promoted by her video, a mimicry of Marilyn Monroe's performance of the song \"Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend\" from the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. While filming this video, Madonna started dating actor Sean Penn. They married on her birthday in 1985. Like a Virgin was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America and sold more than 25 million copies worldwide. In February 1984, according to the film director Sir Richard Attenborough, Madonna auditioned at the Royale Theatre on Broadway for a dance role in his movie version of A Chorus Line using her birth-name of Ciccone, but he rejected her.", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"So Nice\" is a song by English musician James Cottriall, from his first studio album \"Sincerely Me\". It was released in Austria as a digital download on 6 August 2010. It entered the Austrian Singles Chart at number 24. The song was written by James Cottriall and produced by Gwenael Damman.", "title": "So Nice (James Cottriall song)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dr. Jesse Bennett (July 10, 1769 -- July 13, 1842) was the first American physician to perform a successful Caesarean section, which he performed on his own wife at the birth of their only child on January 14, 1794.", "title": "Jesse Bennett" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shirley Abicair was born in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Some sources show her year of birth as 1935, but a contemporary account shows she was 23 or 24 on arrival in Britain and, as she had completed tertiary studies in Australia, the earlier date seems more likely. She was the only daughter of a Wing Commander in the RAAF.", "title": "Shirley Abicair" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giuseppe Demachi (9 June 1732 – 1791 or after) was a composer born in Alessandria, Italy. He served as a leading violinist in the city of his birth and later in the city of Geneva with the Concerto di Ginevra of the Societé de Musique. He also served in the employ of one Count Sannazzaro in the 1760s and 1770s at Casale Monferrato. Not much is known about his life or death. Other than the records of his birth in 1732, his next known appearance in history is in 1763 when he was listed as playing in Alessandria's orchestra. After 1777 he again falls into obscurity until his last verifiable appearance during some concerts in London in 1791. The date of his death is not known, but is believed to have been shortly after his performances in London.", "title": "Giuseppe Demachi" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Nice for What ''is an upbeat bounce song which contains elements of early 2000s R&B, with a length of three minutes thirty seconds. It samples Lauryn Hill's song`` Ex-Factor'' (1998), ``Drag Rap ''by the Showboys (1986),`` Get Your Roll On'' by Big Tymers (2000), and also features clips from performances by Big Freedia. Lyrically, the hook of Drake's song samples Lauryn Hill singing about ``cutting loose in the midst of a relationship ''.", "title": "Nice for What" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Originally, the band went by ``Tony, Toni, Toné ''as a joke, until they realized it had a nice ring to it.", "title": "Tony! Toni! Toné!" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gare de Nice CP is a small railway station in Nice, France which was opened in December 1991. It is the terminus of the metre gauge Chemins de Fer de Provence line from Digne-les-Bains to Nice, replacing the old Gare du Sud station which was built in 1890. The old station had been in a poor state of repair and the city council had plans for the redevelopment of the site. This meant that repairs to the old station would not be financially worthwhile, and in consequence the old station was bought by the council. The new station was built in a modernist style which contrasts with that of every other station on the route. It is served by the Nice tramway and city bus. The Gare de Nice-Ville is about 400 meters away.", "title": "Gare de Nice CP" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Napoleone Verga (Perugia, February 1833 − Nice, 1916) was an Italian painter, mainly of illuminated manuscripts, but also of paintings.", "title": "Napoleone Verga" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "James Cottriall (born 1 January 1986, Stratford upon Avon) is an English musician, currently living in Los Angeles, California. He became famous throughout Austria with the success of his first single, \"Unbreakable\", which spent twenty weeks in the Austrian top 40 charts in summer 2010. \"Unbreakable\" was nominated for the Song of the Year category at the 2010 Austrian music Amadeus Awards.", "title": "James Cottriall" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pak Nam-gi or Park Nam-ki (21 February 1934 – 17 March 2010) was, until as late as January 2010, Director of the Planning and Finance Department of the ruling party of North Korea. There are doubts about his date of birth, with at least two unattributed sources reporting it as 21 February 1934 or sometime in 1928 respectively.", "title": "Pak Nam-gi" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Švitrigaila was born to Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his second wife Uliana of Tver. His date of birth is unknown, but it is believed that he was the youngest or second youngest son of Algirdas. He first appeared in politics in October 1382 when he witnessed the Treaty of Dubysa between his elder brother Jogaila and the Teutonic Knights. Historians believe that would indicate that at the time Švitrigaila was no younger than 12 which would put his date of birth sometime before 1370. In a complaint submitted to the Council of Florence, Švitrigaila claimed that he and Jogaila were favorite sons of Algirdas. Before his death in 1377, Algirdas transferred his throne to Jogaila but made him swear to make Švitrigaila his heir. Jogaila's representatives did not outright deny the arrangement and instead claimed that it had been modified by mutual agreement between the brothers.", "title": "Švitrigaila" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Col d'Èze is a mountain pass in the Alpes-Maritimes department of France. It is located between Nice and Monaco, near to La Trinité.", "title": "Col d'Èze" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kulik frequently has solo exhibitions all over Europe (England, Italy, Romania, Belgium, Sweden) and especially in galleries in France (Vence, Cannes, Paris, Nice), and her home country the Netherlands (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Hilversum). She also exhibited in the United States (Seattle). For her abstracts she is represented by Gallery Oscar (Nice).", "title": "Marina Kulik" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover (glove-maker) originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and baptised there on 26 April 1564. His actual date of birth remains unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April, Saint George's Day. This date, which can be traced to a mistake made by an 18th-century scholar, has proved appealing to biographers because Shakespeare died on the same date in 1616. He was the third of eight children, and the eldest surviving son.", "title": "William Shakespeare" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clara Morris (March 17, 1849 – November 20, 1925) (her birth date is sometimes given as 1846/48) was an American actress.", "title": "Clara Morris" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his \"Method for the mandolin\" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period.", "title": "Giovanni Cifolelli" } ]	When was the performer of So Nice born?	1 January 1986	[]	Title: It's Nice Up North Passage: It's Nice Up North is a 2006 comedy documentary made by comedian Graham Fellows as his alter ego John Shuttleworth. Title: Col d'Èze Passage: The Col d'Èze is a mountain pass in the Alpes-Maritimes department of France. It is located between Nice and Monaco, near to La Trinité. Title: Clara Morris Passage: Clara Morris (March 17, 1849 – November 20, 1925) (her birth date is sometimes given as 1846/48) was an American actress. Title: Nice for What Passage: ``Nice for What ''is an upbeat bounce song which contains elements of early 2000s R&B, with a length of three minutes thirty seconds. It samples Lauryn Hill's song`` Ex-Factor'' (1998), ``Drag Rap ''by the Showboys (1986),`` Get Your Roll On'' by Big Tymers (2000), and also features clips from performances by Big Freedia. Lyrically, the hook of Drake's song samples Lauryn Hill singing about ``cutting loose in the midst of a relationship ''. Title: Shirley Abicair Passage: Shirley Abicair was born in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Some sources show her year of birth as 1935, but a contemporary account shows she was 23 or 24 on arrival in Britain and, as she had completed tertiary studies in Australia, the earlier date seems more likely. She was the only daughter of a Wing Commander in the RAAF. Title: Madonna (entertainer) Passage: Madonna was criticized for her performance of "Like a Virgin" at the first 1984 MTV Video Music Awards (VMA). She appeared on stage atop a giant wedding cake, wearing a wedding dress and white gloves. The performance is noted by MTV as an iconic moment in VMA history. In later years, Madonna commented that she was terrified of the performance. The next hit was "Material Girl" promoted by her video, a mimicry of Marilyn Monroe's performance of the song "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" from the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. While filming this video, Madonna started dating actor Sean Penn. They married on her birthday in 1985. Like a Virgin was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America and sold more than 25 million copies worldwide. In February 1984, according to the film director Sir Richard Attenborough, Madonna auditioned at the Royale Theatre on Broadway for a dance role in his movie version of A Chorus Line using her birth-name of Ciccone, but he rejected her. Title: Tony! Toni! Toné! Passage: Originally, the band went by ``Tony, Toni, Toné ''as a joke, until they realized it had a nice ring to it. Title: Napoleone Verga Passage: Napoleone Verga (Perugia, February 1833 − Nice, 1916) was an Italian painter, mainly of illuminated manuscripts, but also of paintings. Title: Jesse Bennett Passage: Dr. Jesse Bennett (July 10, 1769 -- July 13, 1842) was the first American physician to perform a successful Caesarean section, which he performed on his own wife at the birth of their only child on January 14, 1794. Title: Nice & Wild Passage: Nice N 'Wild, also known as Nice & Wild, was a U.S. Freestyle music group that rose to fame in 1986 after their release of ``Diamond Girl ''. Title: Pak Nam-gi Passage: Pak Nam-gi or Park Nam-ki (21 February 1934 – 17 March 2010) was, until as late as January 2010, Director of the Planning and Finance Department of the ruling party of North Korea. There are doubts about his date of birth, with at least two unattributed sources reporting it as 21 February 1934 or sometime in 1928 respectively. Title: Marina Kulik Passage: Kulik frequently has solo exhibitions all over Europe (England, Italy, Romania, Belgium, Sweden) and especially in galleries in France (Vence, Cannes, Paris, Nice), and her home country the Netherlands (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Hilversum). She also exhibited in the United States (Seattle). For her abstracts she is represented by Gallery Oscar (Nice). Title: Gare de Nice CP Passage: Gare de Nice CP is a small railway station in Nice, France which was opened in December 1991. It is the terminus of the metre gauge Chemins de Fer de Provence line from Digne-les-Bains to Nice, replacing the old Gare du Sud station which was built in 1890. The old station had been in a poor state of repair and the city council had plans for the redevelopment of the site. This meant that repairs to the old station would not be financially worthwhile, and in consequence the old station was bought by the council. The new station was built in a modernist style which contrasts with that of every other station on the route. It is served by the Nice tramway and city bus. The Gare de Nice-Ville is about 400 meters away. Title: So Nice (James Cottriall song) Passage: "So Nice" is a song by English musician James Cottriall, from his first studio album "Sincerely Me". It was released in Austria as a digital download on 6 August 2010. It entered the Austrian Singles Chart at number 24. The song was written by James Cottriall and produced by Gwenael Damman. Title: William Shakespeare Passage: William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover (glove-maker) originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and baptised there on 26 April 1564. His actual date of birth remains unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April, Saint George's Day. This date, which can be traced to a mistake made by an 18th-century scholar, has proved appealing to biographers because Shakespeare died on the same date in 1616. He was the third of eight children, and the eldest surviving son. Title: Maureen Payne Passage: Maureen Payne (date of birth unknown, died 1997, South Africa) was a South Africa Test cricketer. She captained the side for their second series, played against New Zealand in 1971–72. She appeared in five Tests for South Africa, claiming eight wickets. Title: James Cottriall Passage: James Cottriall (born 1 January 1986, Stratford upon Avon) is an English musician, currently living in Los Angeles, California. He became famous throughout Austria with the success of his first single, "Unbreakable", which spent twenty weeks in the Austrian top 40 charts in summer 2010. "Unbreakable" was nominated for the Song of the Year category at the 2010 Austrian music Amadeus Awards. Title: Giovanni Cifolelli Passage: Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his "Method for the mandolin" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period. Title: Švitrigaila Passage: Švitrigaila was born to Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his second wife Uliana of Tver. His date of birth is unknown, but it is believed that he was the youngest or second youngest son of Algirdas. He first appeared in politics in October 1382 when he witnessed the Treaty of Dubysa between his elder brother Jogaila and the Teutonic Knights. Historians believe that would indicate that at the time Švitrigaila was no younger than 12 which would put his date of birth sometime before 1370. In a complaint submitted to the Council of Florence, Švitrigaila claimed that he and Jogaila were favorite sons of Algirdas. Before his death in 1377, Algirdas transferred his throne to Jogaila but made him swear to make Švitrigaila his heir. Jogaila's representatives did not outright deny the arrangement and instead claimed that it had been modified by mutual agreement between the brothers. Title: Giuseppe Demachi Passage: Giuseppe Demachi (9 June 1732 – 1791 or after) was a composer born in Alessandria, Italy. He served as a leading violinist in the city of his birth and later in the city of Geneva with the Concerto di Ginevra of the Societé de Musique. He also served in the employ of one Count Sannazzaro in the 1760s and 1770s at Casale Monferrato. Not much is known about his life or death. Other than the records of his birth in 1732, his next known appearance in history is in 1763 when he was listed as playing in Alessandria's orchestra. After 1777 he again falls into obscurity until his last verifiable appearance during some concerts in London in 1791. The date of his death is not known, but is believed to have been shortly after his performances in London.	[ "So Nice (James Cottriall song)", "James Cottriall" ]
2hop__61924_712629	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jodie Comer as Elizabeth ``Lizzie ''of York, the Queen of England Rebecca Benson as Margaret`` Maggie'' Plantagenet, the Queen's paternal cousin, sister of Teddy Jacob Collins - Levy as Henry VII, the King of England, Elizabeth's husband Kenneth Cranham as Bishop (later Cardinal) John Morton, a confidant of the King's mother Essie Davis as Dowager Queen Elizabeth Woodville, the Queen's mother Rossy de Palma as Isabella I of Castile, the Queen of Castile Richard Dillane as Thomas Stanley, Margaret Beaufort's husband Anthony Flanagan as Francis Lovell, a Yorkist supporter Patrick Gibson as Perkin Warbeck, a pretender to the English crown and husband of Cathy Gordon Caroline Goodall as Cecily Neville, Duchess of York, the Queen's paternal grandmother. Goodall is the only actor appearing in both The White Queen and The White Princess. Amy Manson as Catherine ``Cathy ''Gordon, wife of Perkin Warbeck Adrian Rawlins as John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, husband of Eliza de la Pole Vincent Regan as Jasper Tudor, the King's uncle Suki Waterhouse as Cecily of York, the Queen's sister Joanne Whalley as Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, the Queen's paternal aunt Andrew Whipp as Sir Richard Pole, husband of Maggie Plantagenet Michelle Fairley as Margaret Beaufort, the King's mother", "title": "The White Princess (miniseries)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cecily of York, Viscountess Welles (20 March 1469 – 24 August 1507) was an English princess and the third, but eventual second surviving, daughter of Edward IV, King of England and his queen consort Elizabeth Woodville, daughter of Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers and Jacquetta of Luxembourg. She was First Lady of the Bedchamber to the queen in 1485–1487.", "title": "Cecily of York" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On the 1995 design, Queen Elizabeth II is on the obverse, along with eucalyptus leaves. There is a number 5 in the right hand corner of both sides. The word ``Australia ''is written to the left of the Queen. Parliament house appears on the reverse. On the 2001 commemorative design, Sir Henry Parkes appears on the obverse and Catherine Helen Spence on the reverse.", "title": "Australian five-dollar note" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Right Honourable The Lord Tennyson FRS Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson, by George Frederic Watts (1817 - 1904) 6 August 1809 Somersby, Lincolnshire, England 6 October 1892 (1892 - 10 - 06) (aged 83) Lurgashall, Sussex, England Resting place Westminster Abbey Occupation Poet Laureate (1850 - 1892) Alma mater Trinity College, Cambridge (no degree) Literary movement Victorian Spouse Emily Sellwood (m. 1850) Children Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson Hon. Lionel Tennyson", "title": "Alfred, Lord Tennyson" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lady Arbella Stuart (1575 – 25 September 1615) (or Arabella, or Stewart) was an English noblewoman who was considered a possible successor to Queen Elizabeth I of England.", "title": "Lady Arbella Stuart" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ebba Stenbock was the daughter of riksråd and Brita Eriksdotter Leijonhufvud, and the sister of Queen Catherine Stenbock. She was the niece of Queen Margareta Leijonhufvud, and thereby the cousin of the royal children of that marriage, including the future John III of Sweden and Charles IX of Sweden. In 1573, she married Clas Eriksson Fleming in the house of her sister, the Queen Dowager in Stockholm, and moved with him to Finland. She had three children during her marriage: the daughters Katarina, Hebla and Margareta, and her son Johan Fleming. In 1594, her spouse was appointed Governor-General of Finland.", "title": "Ebba Stenbock" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Succession to the British throne is determined by descent, gender (for people born before October 2011), legitimacy, and religion. Under common law, the Crown is inherited by a sovereign's children or by a childless sovereign's nearest collateral line. The Bill of Rights 1689 and the Act of Settlement 1701, restrict succession to the throne to the legitimate Protestant descendants of Sophia of Hanover that are in ``communion with the Church of England ''. Spouses of Roman Catholics were disqualified from 1689 until the law was amended in 2015. Protestant descendants of those excluded for being Roman Catholics are eligible.", "title": "Succession to the British throne" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth was worn by the future Queen Elizabeth II at her wedding to Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November 1947 in Westminster Abbey. Given the rationing of clothing at the time, she still had to purchase the material using ration coupons. The dress was designed by Norman Hartnell. Hartnell's signature was said to be embroidery, and he enjoyed \"working with soft, floating fabrics, particularly tulle and chiffon, and with plain, lustrous silks\". The dress was made of soft Damascus Prokar, with a high neckline, tailored bodice and a short train.", "title": "Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, one of the petty kingdoms to rule a portion of modern England. Alfred styled himself King of the Anglo - Saxons and while he was not the first king to lay claim to rule all of the English, his rule represents the first unbroken line of Kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex. The last monarch of a distinct kingdom of England was Queen Anne, who became Queen of Great Britain when England merged with Scotland to form a union in 1707. For monarchs after Queen Anne, see List of British monarchs.", "title": "List of English monarchs" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1839, Melbourne resigned after Radicals and Tories (both of whom Victoria detested) voted against a bill to suspend the constitution of Jamaica. The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery. The Queen commissioned a Tory, Sir Robert Peel, to form a new ministry. At the time, it was customary for the prime minister to appoint members of the Royal Household, who were usually his political allies and their spouses. Many of the Queen's ladies of the bedchamber were wives of Whigs, and Peel expected to replace them with wives of Tories. In what became known as the bedchamber crisis, Victoria, advised by Melbourne, objected to their removal. Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen, and consequently resigned his commission, allowing Melbourne to return to office.", "title": "Queen Victoria" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) has been Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand since 6 February 1952. Additionally, she is Head of the Commonwealth and Queen of 12 countries that have become independent since her accession: Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis.", "title": "Elizabeth II" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III, Prince of Orange. William's successful invasion of England with a Dutch fleet and army led to his ascension to the throne as William III of England jointly with his wife, Mary II, James's daughter, after the Declaration of Right, leading to the Bill of Rights 1689.", "title": "Glorious Revolution" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "White Queen Alice character Alice and the White Queen. Art by John Tenniel (1865) First appearance Through the Looking - Glass Created by Lewis Carroll Portrayed by Anne Hathaway (Alice in Wonderland, Alice Through the Looking Glass) Emma Rigby (Once Upon a Time in Wonderland) Information Species Human Gender Female Occupation Queen Spouse (s) White King Children Lily (a pawn) Nationality Looking - Glass Land", "title": "White Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maria Luisa of Savoy (Maria Luisa Gabriella; 17 September 1688 – 14 February 1714) was a queen consort of Spain by marriage to Philip V of Spain. She acted as Regent of Spain during the absence of her spouse from 1702 until 1703, and had great influence over him as his adviser, while she was herself in turn influenced by the Princesse des Ursins.", "title": "Maria Luisa of Savoy" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bridget of York (10 November 1480 – 1517) was an English princess, the tenth child and seventh daughter of Edward IV of England and Queen Elizabeth Woodville.", "title": "Bridget of York" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Margaret Tudor (28 November 1489 – 18 October 1541) was Queen of Scots from 1503 until 1513 by marriage to James IV of Scotland and then, after her husband died fighting the English, she became regent for their son James V of Scotland from 1513 until 1515. She was born at Westminster Palace as the eldest daughter of King Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York, and granddaughter of Margaret Beaufort, Edward IV of England and Queen Elizabeth Woodville. Margaret Tudor had several pregnancies, but most of her children died young or were stillborn. As queen dowager she married Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus. Through her first and second marriages, respectively, Margaret was the grandmother of both Mary, Queen of Scots, and Mary's second husband, Lord Darnley. Margaret's marriage in 1503 to James IV linked the royal houses of England and Scotland, which a century later resulted in the Union of the Crowns. Upon his ascent to the English throne, Margaret's great-grandson, James VI and I, was the first person to be monarch of both Scotland and England.", "title": "Margaret Tudor" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bill of Rights, also known as the English Bill of Rights, is an Act of the Parliament of England that deals with constitutional matters and sets out certain basic civil rights. It received the Royal Assent on 16 December 1689 and is a restatement in statutory form of the Declaration of Right presented by the Convention Parliament to William III and Mary II in February 1689, inviting them to become joint sovereigns of England. The Bill of Rights lays down limits on the powers of the monarch and sets out the rights of Parliament, including the requirement for regular parliaments, free elections, and freedom of speech in Parliament. It sets out certain rights of individuals including the prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment and reestablished the right of Protestants to have arms for their defence within the rule of law. Furthermore, the Bill of Rights described and condemned several misdeeds of James II of England.", "title": "Bill of Rights 1689" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Somerset Victoria County History is an encyclopaedic history of the county of Somerset in England, forming part of the overall Victoria County History of England founded in 1899 in honour of Queen Victoria. With ten volumes published in the series A History of the County of Somerset, the Somerset VCH is among the most substantial of the Victoria County Histories.", "title": "Somerset Victoria County History" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Esther Queen of Persia Queen Esther (1879) by Edwin Long Queen of Persia Reign c. 479 -- c. 465 BC Coronation c. 479 Predecessor Vashti Hadassah c. 492 BC Achaemenid Empire Burial Hamadan, Iran Spouse King Xerxes I of Persia House Persia Father Abihail (biological), Mordecai (adoptive) Religion Judaism", "title": "Esther" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "13 February 1689 – 28 December 1694: Her Majesty The QueenThe joint style of William III and Mary II was \"William and Mary, by the Grace of God, King and Queen of England, France and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, etc.\" when they ascended the English throne. From 11 April 1689—when the Estates of Scotland recognised them as sovereigns—the royal couple used the style \"William and Mary, by the Grace of God, King and Queen of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, etc.\".", "title": "Mary II of England" } ]	Who is the spouse of the current queen of England?	Philip Mountbatten	[]	Title: White Queen (Through the Looking-Glass) Passage: White Queen Alice character Alice and the White Queen. Art by John Tenniel (1865) First appearance Through the Looking - Glass Created by Lewis Carroll Portrayed by Anne Hathaway (Alice in Wonderland, Alice Through the Looking Glass) Emma Rigby (Once Upon a Time in Wonderland) Information Species Human Gender Female Occupation Queen Spouse (s) White King Children Lily (a pawn) Nationality Looking - Glass Land Title: Succession to the British throne Passage: Succession to the British throne is determined by descent, gender (for people born before October 2011), legitimacy, and religion. Under common law, the Crown is inherited by a sovereign's children or by a childless sovereign's nearest collateral line. The Bill of Rights 1689 and the Act of Settlement 1701, restrict succession to the throne to the legitimate Protestant descendants of Sophia of Hanover that are in ``communion with the Church of England ''. Spouses of Roman Catholics were disqualified from 1689 until the law was amended in 2015. Protestant descendants of those excluded for being Roman Catholics are eligible. Title: Ebba Stenbock Passage: Ebba Stenbock was the daughter of riksråd and Brita Eriksdotter Leijonhufvud, and the sister of Queen Catherine Stenbock. She was the niece of Queen Margareta Leijonhufvud, and thereby the cousin of the royal children of that marriage, including the future John III of Sweden and Charles IX of Sweden. In 1573, she married Clas Eriksson Fleming in the house of her sister, the Queen Dowager in Stockholm, and moved with him to Finland. She had three children during her marriage: the daughters Katarina, Hebla and Margareta, and her son Johan Fleming. In 1594, her spouse was appointed Governor-General of Finland. Title: Cecily of York Passage: Cecily of York, Viscountess Welles (20 March 1469 – 24 August 1507) was an English princess and the third, but eventual second surviving, daughter of Edward IV, King of England and his queen consort Elizabeth Woodville, daughter of Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers and Jacquetta of Luxembourg. She was First Lady of the Bedchamber to the queen in 1485–1487. Title: Bill of Rights 1689 Passage: The Bill of Rights, also known as the English Bill of Rights, is an Act of the Parliament of England that deals with constitutional matters and sets out certain basic civil rights. It received the Royal Assent on 16 December 1689 and is a restatement in statutory form of the Declaration of Right presented by the Convention Parliament to William III and Mary II in February 1689, inviting them to become joint sovereigns of England. The Bill of Rights lays down limits on the powers of the monarch and sets out the rights of Parliament, including the requirement for regular parliaments, free elections, and freedom of speech in Parliament. It sets out certain rights of individuals including the prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment and reestablished the right of Protestants to have arms for their defence within the rule of law. Furthermore, the Bill of Rights described and condemned several misdeeds of James II of England. Title: Australian five-dollar note Passage: On the 1995 design, Queen Elizabeth II is on the obverse, along with eucalyptus leaves. There is a number 5 in the right hand corner of both sides. The word ``Australia ''is written to the left of the Queen. Parliament house appears on the reverse. On the 2001 commemorative design, Sir Henry Parkes appears on the obverse and Catherine Helen Spence on the reverse. Title: List of English monarchs Passage: This list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, one of the petty kingdoms to rule a portion of modern England. Alfred styled himself King of the Anglo - Saxons and while he was not the first king to lay claim to rule all of the English, his rule represents the first unbroken line of Kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex. The last monarch of a distinct kingdom of England was Queen Anne, who became Queen of Great Britain when England merged with Scotland to form a union in 1707. For monarchs after Queen Anne, see List of British monarchs. Title: Glorious Revolution Passage: The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III, Prince of Orange. William's successful invasion of England with a Dutch fleet and army led to his ascension to the throne as William III of England jointly with his wife, Mary II, James's daughter, after the Declaration of Right, leading to the Bill of Rights 1689. Title: Bridget of York Passage: Bridget of York (10 November 1480 – 1517) was an English princess, the tenth child and seventh daughter of Edward IV of England and Queen Elizabeth Woodville. Title: Margaret Tudor Passage: Margaret Tudor (28 November 1489 – 18 October 1541) was Queen of Scots from 1503 until 1513 by marriage to James IV of Scotland and then, after her husband died fighting the English, she became regent for their son James V of Scotland from 1513 until 1515. She was born at Westminster Palace as the eldest daughter of King Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York, and granddaughter of Margaret Beaufort, Edward IV of England and Queen Elizabeth Woodville. Margaret Tudor had several pregnancies, but most of her children died young or were stillborn. As queen dowager she married Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus. Through her first and second marriages, respectively, Margaret was the grandmother of both Mary, Queen of Scots, and Mary's second husband, Lord Darnley. Margaret's marriage in 1503 to James IV linked the royal houses of England and Scotland, which a century later resulted in the Union of the Crowns. Upon his ascent to the English throne, Margaret's great-grandson, James VI and I, was the first person to be monarch of both Scotland and England. Title: Maria Luisa of Savoy Passage: Maria Luisa of Savoy (Maria Luisa Gabriella; 17 September 1688 – 14 February 1714) was a queen consort of Spain by marriage to Philip V of Spain. She acted as Regent of Spain during the absence of her spouse from 1702 until 1703, and had great influence over him as his adviser, while she was herself in turn influenced by the Princesse des Ursins. Title: The White Princess (miniseries) Passage: Jodie Comer as Elizabeth ``Lizzie ''of York, the Queen of England Rebecca Benson as Margaret`` Maggie'' Plantagenet, the Queen's paternal cousin, sister of Teddy Jacob Collins - Levy as Henry VII, the King of England, Elizabeth's husband Kenneth Cranham as Bishop (later Cardinal) John Morton, a confidant of the King's mother Essie Davis as Dowager Queen Elizabeth Woodville, the Queen's mother Rossy de Palma as Isabella I of Castile, the Queen of Castile Richard Dillane as Thomas Stanley, Margaret Beaufort's husband Anthony Flanagan as Francis Lovell, a Yorkist supporter Patrick Gibson as Perkin Warbeck, a pretender to the English crown and husband of Cathy Gordon Caroline Goodall as Cecily Neville, Duchess of York, the Queen's paternal grandmother. Goodall is the only actor appearing in both The White Queen and The White Princess. Amy Manson as Catherine ``Cathy ''Gordon, wife of Perkin Warbeck Adrian Rawlins as John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, husband of Eliza de la Pole Vincent Regan as Jasper Tudor, the King's uncle Suki Waterhouse as Cecily of York, the Queen's sister Joanne Whalley as Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, the Queen's paternal aunt Andrew Whipp as Sir Richard Pole, husband of Maggie Plantagenet Michelle Fairley as Margaret Beaufort, the King's mother Title: Queen Victoria Passage: In 1839, Melbourne resigned after Radicals and Tories (both of whom Victoria detested) voted against a bill to suspend the constitution of Jamaica. The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery. The Queen commissioned a Tory, Sir Robert Peel, to form a new ministry. At the time, it was customary for the prime minister to appoint members of the Royal Household, who were usually his political allies and their spouses. Many of the Queen's ladies of the bedchamber were wives of Whigs, and Peel expected to replace them with wives of Tories. In what became known as the bedchamber crisis, Victoria, advised by Melbourne, objected to their removal. Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen, and consequently resigned his commission, allowing Melbourne to return to office. Title: Mary II of England Passage: 13 February 1689 – 28 December 1694: Her Majesty The QueenThe joint style of William III and Mary II was "William and Mary, by the Grace of God, King and Queen of England, France and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, etc." when they ascended the English throne. From 11 April 1689—when the Estates of Scotland recognised them as sovereigns—the royal couple used the style "William and Mary, by the Grace of God, King and Queen of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, etc.". Title: Alfred, Lord Tennyson Passage: The Right Honourable The Lord Tennyson FRS Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson, by George Frederic Watts (1817 - 1904) 6 August 1809 Somersby, Lincolnshire, England 6 October 1892 (1892 - 10 - 06) (aged 83) Lurgashall, Sussex, England Resting place Westminster Abbey Occupation Poet Laureate (1850 - 1892) Alma mater Trinity College, Cambridge (no degree) Literary movement Victorian Spouse Emily Sellwood (m. 1850) Children Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson Hon. Lionel Tennyson Title: Lady Arbella Stuart Passage: Lady Arbella Stuart (1575 – 25 September 1615) (or Arabella, or Stewart) was an English noblewoman who was considered a possible successor to Queen Elizabeth I of England. Title: Esther Passage: Esther Queen of Persia Queen Esther (1879) by Edwin Long Queen of Persia Reign c. 479 -- c. 465 BC Coronation c. 479 Predecessor Vashti Hadassah c. 492 BC Achaemenid Empire Burial Hamadan, Iran Spouse King Xerxes I of Persia House Persia Father Abihail (biological), Mordecai (adoptive) Religion Judaism Title: Somerset Victoria County History Passage: The Somerset Victoria County History is an encyclopaedic history of the county of Somerset in England, forming part of the overall Victoria County History of England founded in 1899 in honour of Queen Victoria. With ten volumes published in the series A History of the County of Somerset, the Somerset VCH is among the most substantial of the Victoria County Histories. Title: Elizabeth II Passage: Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) has been Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand since 6 February 1952. Additionally, she is Head of the Commonwealth and Queen of 12 countries that have become independent since her accession: Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis. Title: Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth Passage: The wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth was worn by the future Queen Elizabeth II at her wedding to Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November 1947 in Westminster Abbey. Given the rationing of clothing at the time, she still had to purchase the material using ration coupons. The dress was designed by Norman Hartnell. Hartnell's signature was said to be embroidery, and he enjoyed "working with soft, floating fabrics, particularly tulle and chiffon, and with plain, lustrous silks". The dress was made of soft Damascus Prokar, with a high neckline, tailored bodice and a short train.	[ "Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth", "Elizabeth II" ]
2hop__135651_669373	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Speed Racer, also known as Mach GoGoGo (Japanese: マッハ GoGoGo, Hepburn: Mahha GōGōGō), is a Japanese media franchise about automobile racing. Mach GoGoGo was originally serialized in print in Shueisha's 1966 Shōnen Book. It was released in tankōbon book form by Sun Wide Comics, and later re-released in Japan by Fusosha. Adapted into anime by Tatsunoko Productions, its 52 episodes aired on Fuji TV from April 1967 to March 1968. The anime was later re-broadcast on Tokyo MX from July 1 to September 25, 2008.", "title": "Speed Racer" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trojica u mraku is the fifth album of the Croatian rock band Aerodrom, released through Jugoton in 1986. The album was named after the comic book written by Andrija Maurović and introduces band's frontman Jurica Pađen as a producer. The band records as a trio, with Zlatan Živković returning, this time on drums. \"Trojica u mraku\" doesn't bring any successful single and the band broke up several months after the album was released. It was their last album until the reunion in 2000.", "title": "Trojica u mraku" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On July 26, Truman mandated the end of hiring and employment discrimination in the federal government, reaffirming FDR's order of 1941.:40 He issued two executive orders on July 26, 1948: Executive Order 9980 and Executive Order 9981. Executive Order 9980, named Regulations Governing for Employment Practices within the Federal Establishment, instituted fair employment practices in the civilian agencies of the federal government. The order created the position of Fair Employment Officer. The order \"established in the Civil Service Commission a Fair Employment Board of not less than seven persons.\" Executive Order 9981, named Establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, called for the integration of the Armed Forces and the creation of the National Military Establishment to carry out the executive order.", "title": "Affirmative action in the United States" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Mach bands is an optical illusion named after the physicist Ernst Mach. It exaggerates the contrast between edges of the slightly differing shades of gray, as soon as they contact one another, by triggering edge-detection in the human visual system.", "title": "Mach bands" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Full - time employment is employment in which a person works a minimum number of hours defined as such by his / her employer. Full - time employment often comes with benefits that are not typically offered to part - time, temporary, or flexible workers, such as annual leave, sickleave, and health insurance. Part - time jobs are mistakenly thought by some to not be careers. However, legislation exists to stop employers from discriminating against part - time workers so this should not be a factor when making decisions on career advancement. They generally pay more than part - time jobs per hour, and this is similarly discriminatory if the pay decision is based on part - time status as a primary factor. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full - time employment or part - time employment. This is a matter generally to be determined by the employer (US Department of Labor). The definition by employer can vary and is generally published in a company's Employee Handbook. Companies commonly require from 35 to 40 hours per week to be defined as full - time and therefore eligible for benefits.", "title": "Full-time" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Burney and Chandler soon formed the Folkadots, while Wiseman formed Gary & the Wiseman. Burney and Chandler, along with Morrill, also formed the band Slaw. Around this time, Reddick formed the band Terminal Seasons. Not too long after, Jaret Reddick and Lance Morrill formed coolfork!, which Chris Burney later joined. The band was in full swing by 1993, playing such venues as the Refuge. A few months later, after forming a band called Rubberneck, the group took the name Bowling for Soup (inspired by Bowling for Dollars) in 1994, and the band was officially formed in Wichita Falls on June 4, 1994 by Jaret Reddick (lead vocals, guitar), Chris Burney (guitar, backing vocals), Erik Chandler (bass, backing vocals, acoustic guitar), and Lance Morrill (drums, percussion, backing vocals). Morrill left the band in 1998 (on good terms) and was replaced by friend Gary Wiseman of Gary and the Wisemen. The band's name was derived from a comedy act by Steve Martin.", "title": "Bowling for Soup" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 14 October 1947, just under a month after the United States Air Force had been created as a separate service, the tests culminated in the first manned supersonic flight, piloted by Air Force Captain Charles ``Chuck ''Yeager in aircraft # 46 - 062, which he had christened Glamorous Glennis. The rocket - powered aircraft was launched from the bomb bay of a specially modified B - 29 and glided to a landing on a runway. XS - 1 flight number 50 is the first one where the X-1 recorded supersonic flight, at Mach 1.06 (361 m / s, 1,299 km / h, 807.2 mph) peak speed; however, Yeager and many other personnel believe Flight # 49 (also with Yeager piloting), which reached a top recorded speed of Mach 0.997 (339 m / s, 1,221 km / h), may have, in fact, exceeded Mach 1. (The measurements were not accurate to three significant figures and no sonic boom was recorded for that flight.)", "title": "Sound barrier" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In theoretical physics, particularly in discussions of , Mach's principle (or Mach's conjecture) is the name given by Einstein to an imprecise hypothesis often credited to the physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach. The idea is that the existence of absolute rotation (the distinction of local inertial frames vs. rotating reference frames) is determined by the large-scale distribution of matter, as exemplified by this anecdote:", "title": "Mach's principle" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Xanax 25 is an American alternative rock group that formed in New York, NY in 1991. The band was originally named Sleeper, but was renamed due to trademark issues that arose. The band most often explained that they took the name after the brother to King Gelimer - \"Zano\". Xanax 25 found only modest success in their home country, but were significantly more successful in the Moldavian republic. The band disbanded in 1997 under somewhat mysterious circumstances.", "title": "Xanax 25" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nasum (pronounced 'nah-zumm') was a grindcore band from Örebro, Sweden formed in 1992. The band released four studio albums, developed into \"one of that country's premier metal acts\" and disbanded after the December 2004 tsunami killed the band's frontman, Mieszko Talarczyk. The band's name, Latin for \"nose\", was taken from the horror film \"Flesh for Frankenstein.\"", "title": "Nasum" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hong Kong Police Band (Abbreviation: HKPB; ) is a ceremonial unit and a police band of the Hong Kong Police Force and is used for official events. It was established in 1954 and initially performed with the Hong Kong Police Silver Band (formed in 1951). Both bands merged to form a single band and was later renamed the Royal Hong Kong Police Pipe Band. The Pipe Band colours is the MacIntosh tartan and was adopted in memory of a former Commissioner of Police, Mr Duncan William MacIntosh, after which the MacIntosh Forts were also named.", "title": "Hong Kong Police Band" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The MiG-25 underwent substantial design sacrifices in order to achieve high speed, altitude and rate of climb. However, it lacked maneuverability at interception speeds and was difficult to fly at low altitudes. The MiG-25's speed was limited to Mach 2.83, but it could reach a maximum speed of Mach 3.2 or more with the risk of engine damage.", "title": "Mikoyan MiG-31" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1994, guitarists Mark Morton and Matt Conner, bassist John Campbell and drummer Chris Adler started a band named Burn the Priest. The band members knew each other from the college they were all attending, Virginia Commonwealth University, in Richmond, Virginia. Morton and Conner left the band soon after its inception to pursue a master's degree and work on other bands respectively. Adler and Campbell replaced Morton with Abe Spear. For the next five years, the band practiced in Richmond and around Virginia. In 1995, the band released its self-titled first demo. After the demo, Burn the Priest recorded two split EPs with Agents of Satan and ZED respectively. After the band's first three demos, Burn the Priest added vocalist Randall Blythe to its line up.", "title": "Lamb of God (band)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One of the highest recorded instrumented Mach numbers attained for a propeller aircraft is the Mach 0.891 for a Spitfire PR XI, flown during dive tests at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough in April 1944. The Spitfire, a photo - reconnaissance variant, the Mark XI, fitted with an extended 'rake type' multiple pitot system, was flown by Squadron Leader J.R. Tobin to this speed, corresponding to a corrected true airspeed (TAS) of 606 mph. In a subsequent flight, Squadron Leader Anthony Martindale achieved Mach 0.92, but it ended in a forced landing after over - revving damaged the engine.", "title": "Sound barrier" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Made in USA is an album by Sonic Youth, containing music the band scored for the 1987 film of the same name. The band recorded this material in 1986, shortly after the completion of their album \"EVOL\", but the album was not released until 1995. A soundtrack for the film was also released in 1987, but unlike this release, did not contain any of the original score the band created for the film.", "title": "Made in USA (Sonic Youth album)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mach number is named after Austrian physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach, and is a designation proposed by aeronautical engineer Jakob Ackeret. As the Mach number is a dimensionless quantity rather than a unit of measure, with Mach, the number comes \"after\" the unit; the second Mach number is \"Mach2\" instead of \"2Mach\" (or Machs). This is somewhat reminiscent of the early modern ocean sounding unit \"mark\" (a synonym for fathom), which was also unit-first, and may have influenced the use of the term Mach. In the decade preceding faster-than-sound human flight, aeronautical engineers referred to the speed of sound as \"Mach's number\", never \"Mach 1\".", "title": "Mach number" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Xenomorph is a Dutch death metal band formed in 1994 in Leiden, the Netherlands. The band is named after the Xenomorphs, fictional extraterrestrial creatures created by the Swiss artist H.R. Giger and used in the Alien franchise.", "title": "Xenomorph (band)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Every employee hired after November 6, 1986 must complete an I - 9 form at the time of hire. Employees must complete Section 1 of the form upon commencing employment. The employer must complete Section 2 within three days of the employee's starting date at work. The employer is responsible for ensuring that the forms are completed properly and in a timely manner.", "title": "Form I-9" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Josef Mach (25 February 1909 in Prostějov – 7 July 1987 in Prague) was a Czech actor, screenwriter and film director.", "title": "Josef Mach" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He studied mathematics and physics at the Charles University in Prague, and after graduating he became an assistant to professor Ernst Mach. After obtaining his doctorate in Prague in 1873/1874 he came to Zagreb (at the time also part of Austria-Hungary) and founded the Physics Cabinet at the Faculty of Philosophy in 1875.", "title": "Vinko Dvořák" } ]	Which university employed the person that Mach bands are named after?	Charles University	[]	Title: Sound barrier Passage: One of the highest recorded instrumented Mach numbers attained for a propeller aircraft is the Mach 0.891 for a Spitfire PR XI, flown during dive tests at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough in April 1944. The Spitfire, a photo - reconnaissance variant, the Mark XI, fitted with an extended 'rake type' multiple pitot system, was flown by Squadron Leader J.R. Tobin to this speed, corresponding to a corrected true airspeed (TAS) of 606 mph. In a subsequent flight, Squadron Leader Anthony Martindale achieved Mach 0.92, but it ended in a forced landing after over - revving damaged the engine. Title: Sound barrier Passage: On 14 October 1947, just under a month after the United States Air Force had been created as a separate service, the tests culminated in the first manned supersonic flight, piloted by Air Force Captain Charles ``Chuck ''Yeager in aircraft # 46 - 062, which he had christened Glamorous Glennis. The rocket - powered aircraft was launched from the bomb bay of a specially modified B - 29 and glided to a landing on a runway. XS - 1 flight number 50 is the first one where the X-1 recorded supersonic flight, at Mach 1.06 (361 m / s, 1,299 km / h, 807.2 mph) peak speed; however, Yeager and many other personnel believe Flight # 49 (also with Yeager piloting), which reached a top recorded speed of Mach 0.997 (339 m / s, 1,221 km / h), may have, in fact, exceeded Mach 1. (The measurements were not accurate to three significant figures and no sonic boom was recorded for that flight.) Title: Nasum Passage: Nasum (pronounced 'nah-zumm') was a grindcore band from Örebro, Sweden formed in 1992. The band released four studio albums, developed into "one of that country's premier metal acts" and disbanded after the December 2004 tsunami killed the band's frontman, Mieszko Talarczyk. The band's name, Latin for "nose", was taken from the horror film "Flesh for Frankenstein." Title: Trojica u mraku Passage: Trojica u mraku is the fifth album of the Croatian rock band Aerodrom, released through Jugoton in 1986. The album was named after the comic book written by Andrija Maurović and introduces band's frontman Jurica Pađen as a producer. The band records as a trio, with Zlatan Živković returning, this time on drums. "Trojica u mraku" doesn't bring any successful single and the band broke up several months after the album was released. It was their last album until the reunion in 2000. Title: Mach number Passage: The Mach number is named after Austrian physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach, and is a designation proposed by aeronautical engineer Jakob Ackeret. As the Mach number is a dimensionless quantity rather than a unit of measure, with Mach, the number comes "after" the unit; the second Mach number is "Mach2" instead of "2Mach" (or Machs). This is somewhat reminiscent of the early modern ocean sounding unit "mark" (a synonym for fathom), which was also unit-first, and may have influenced the use of the term Mach. In the decade preceding faster-than-sound human flight, aeronautical engineers referred to the speed of sound as "Mach's number", never "Mach 1". Title: Vinko Dvořák Passage: He studied mathematics and physics at the Charles University in Prague, and after graduating he became an assistant to professor Ernst Mach. After obtaining his doctorate in Prague in 1873/1874 he came to Zagreb (at the time also part of Austria-Hungary) and founded the Physics Cabinet at the Faculty of Philosophy in 1875. Title: Josef Mach Passage: Josef Mach (25 February 1909 in Prostějov – 7 July 1987 in Prague) was a Czech actor, screenwriter and film director. Title: Mach bands Passage: Mach bands is an optical illusion named after the physicist Ernst Mach. It exaggerates the contrast between edges of the slightly differing shades of gray, as soon as they contact one another, by triggering edge-detection in the human visual system. Title: Mach's principle Passage: In theoretical physics, particularly in discussions of , Mach's principle (or Mach's conjecture) is the name given by Einstein to an imprecise hypothesis often credited to the physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach. The idea is that the existence of absolute rotation (the distinction of local inertial frames vs. rotating reference frames) is determined by the large-scale distribution of matter, as exemplified by this anecdote: Title: Hong Kong Police Band Passage: The Hong Kong Police Band (Abbreviation: HKPB; ) is a ceremonial unit and a police band of the Hong Kong Police Force and is used for official events. It was established in 1954 and initially performed with the Hong Kong Police Silver Band (formed in 1951). Both bands merged to form a single band and was later renamed the Royal Hong Kong Police Pipe Band. The Pipe Band colours is the MacIntosh tartan and was adopted in memory of a former Commissioner of Police, Mr Duncan William MacIntosh, after which the MacIntosh Forts were also named. Title: Xanax 25 Passage: Xanax 25 is an American alternative rock group that formed in New York, NY in 1991. The band was originally named Sleeper, but was renamed due to trademark issues that arose. The band most often explained that they took the name after the brother to King Gelimer - "Zano". Xanax 25 found only modest success in their home country, but were significantly more successful in the Moldavian republic. The band disbanded in 1997 under somewhat mysterious circumstances. Title: Made in USA (Sonic Youth album) Passage: Made in USA is an album by Sonic Youth, containing music the band scored for the 1987 film of the same name. The band recorded this material in 1986, shortly after the completion of their album "EVOL", but the album was not released until 1995. A soundtrack for the film was also released in 1987, but unlike this release, did not contain any of the original score the band created for the film. Title: Affirmative action in the United States Passage: On July 26, Truman mandated the end of hiring and employment discrimination in the federal government, reaffirming FDR's order of 1941.:40 He issued two executive orders on July 26, 1948: Executive Order 9980 and Executive Order 9981. Executive Order 9980, named Regulations Governing for Employment Practices within the Federal Establishment, instituted fair employment practices in the civilian agencies of the federal government. The order created the position of Fair Employment Officer. The order "established in the Civil Service Commission a Fair Employment Board of not less than seven persons." Executive Order 9981, named Establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, called for the integration of the Armed Forces and the creation of the National Military Establishment to carry out the executive order. Title: Speed Racer Passage: Speed Racer, also known as Mach GoGoGo (Japanese: マッハ GoGoGo, Hepburn: Mahha GōGōGō), is a Japanese media franchise about automobile racing. Mach GoGoGo was originally serialized in print in Shueisha's 1966 Shōnen Book. It was released in tankōbon book form by Sun Wide Comics, and later re-released in Japan by Fusosha. Adapted into anime by Tatsunoko Productions, its 52 episodes aired on Fuji TV from April 1967 to March 1968. The anime was later re-broadcast on Tokyo MX from July 1 to September 25, 2008. Title: Full-time Passage: Full - time employment is employment in which a person works a minimum number of hours defined as such by his / her employer. Full - time employment often comes with benefits that are not typically offered to part - time, temporary, or flexible workers, such as annual leave, sickleave, and health insurance. Part - time jobs are mistakenly thought by some to not be careers. However, legislation exists to stop employers from discriminating against part - time workers so this should not be a factor when making decisions on career advancement. They generally pay more than part - time jobs per hour, and this is similarly discriminatory if the pay decision is based on part - time status as a primary factor. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full - time employment or part - time employment. This is a matter generally to be determined by the employer (US Department of Labor). The definition by employer can vary and is generally published in a company's Employee Handbook. Companies commonly require from 35 to 40 hours per week to be defined as full - time and therefore eligible for benefits. Title: Xenomorph (band) Passage: Xenomorph is a Dutch death metal band formed in 1994 in Leiden, the Netherlands. The band is named after the Xenomorphs, fictional extraterrestrial creatures created by the Swiss artist H.R. Giger and used in the Alien franchise. Title: Lamb of God (band) Passage: In 1994, guitarists Mark Morton and Matt Conner, bassist John Campbell and drummer Chris Adler started a band named Burn the Priest. The band members knew each other from the college they were all attending, Virginia Commonwealth University, in Richmond, Virginia. Morton and Conner left the band soon after its inception to pursue a master's degree and work on other bands respectively. Adler and Campbell replaced Morton with Abe Spear. For the next five years, the band practiced in Richmond and around Virginia. In 1995, the band released its self-titled first demo. After the demo, Burn the Priest recorded two split EPs with Agents of Satan and ZED respectively. After the band's first three demos, Burn the Priest added vocalist Randall Blythe to its line up. Title: Mikoyan MiG-31 Passage: The MiG-25 underwent substantial design sacrifices in order to achieve high speed, altitude and rate of climb. However, it lacked maneuverability at interception speeds and was difficult to fly at low altitudes. The MiG-25's speed was limited to Mach 2.83, but it could reach a maximum speed of Mach 3.2 or more with the risk of engine damage. Title: Bowling for Soup Passage: Burney and Chandler soon formed the Folkadots, while Wiseman formed Gary & the Wiseman. Burney and Chandler, along with Morrill, also formed the band Slaw. Around this time, Reddick formed the band Terminal Seasons. Not too long after, Jaret Reddick and Lance Morrill formed coolfork!, which Chris Burney later joined. The band was in full swing by 1993, playing such venues as the Refuge. A few months later, after forming a band called Rubberneck, the group took the name Bowling for Soup (inspired by Bowling for Dollars) in 1994, and the band was officially formed in Wichita Falls on June 4, 1994 by Jaret Reddick (lead vocals, guitar), Chris Burney (guitar, backing vocals), Erik Chandler (bass, backing vocals, acoustic guitar), and Lance Morrill (drums, percussion, backing vocals). Morrill left the band in 1998 (on good terms) and was replaced by friend Gary Wiseman of Gary and the Wisemen. The band's name was derived from a comedy act by Steve Martin. Title: Form I-9 Passage: Every employee hired after November 6, 1986 must complete an I - 9 form at the time of hire. Employees must complete Section 1 of the form upon commencing employment. The employer must complete Section 2 within three days of the employee's starting date at work. The employer is responsible for ensuring that the forms are completed properly and in a timely manner.	[ "Mach bands", "Vinko Dvořák" ]
2hop__119423_779396	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Meenakshi Sundararajan Engineering College (MSEC) (Tamil:மீனாட்சி சுந்தரராஜன் பொறியியல் கல்லூரி) is an engineering college in Kodambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India and it is founded in 2001.", "title": "Meenakshi Sundararajan Engineering College" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "University of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Sciences are the recognized universities that grant Bachelor's and master's degrees in undergraduate and graduate studies respectively. The Bachelor of Science degree awarded by Universities of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Sciences are 4 years full-time program after finishing 13 years of education (international high school certificate) in Pakistan known as F.Sc equivalent to British system A-Level.", "title": "Institute of technology" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Callcott Reilly (28 October 1828 – 21 May 1900) was a British civil and construction engineer. He is noted for his work on uniform stress, as illustrated by reference to bridge building, for which the Institution of Civil Engineers awarded him the Telford Medal in 1865. He played a prominent role in promoting the professional education of engineers and in 1871 became the first Professor of Engineering Construction at the newly formed Royal Indian Engineering College (RIEC) located at Coopers Hill near Englefield Green.", "title": "Callcott Reilly" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pos. No. Driver Constructor Laps Time / Retired Grid Points 44 Lewis Hamilton Mercedes 53 1: 30: 11.385 25 33 Max Verstappen Red Bull Racing - TAG Heuer 53 + 7.090 18 7 Kimi Räikkönen Ferrari 53 + 25.888 6 15 Daniel Ricciardo Red Bull Racing - TAG Heuer 53 + 34.736 5 12 5 5 Sebastian Vettel Ferrari 53 + 1: 01.935 10 6 20 Kevin Magnussen Haas - Ferrari 53 + 1: 19.364 9 8 7 77 Valtteri Bottas Mercedes 53 + 1: 20.632 6 8 55 Carlos Sainz Jr. Renault 53 + 1: 27.184 7 9 27 Nico Hülkenberg Renault 53 + 1: 31.989 12 10 16 Charles Leclerc Sauber - Ferrari 53 + 1: 33.873 8 11 8 Romain Grosjean Haas - Ferrari 52 + 1 lap 10 12 Stoffel Vandoorne McLaren - Renault 52 + 1 lap 17 13 9 Marcus Ericsson Sauber - Ferrari 52 + 1 lap 15 14 28 Brendon Hartley Scuderia Toro Rosso - Honda 52 + 1 lap 20 15 35 Sergey Sirotkin Williams - Mercedes 52 + 1 lap 18 16 14 Fernando Alonso McLaren - Renault 50 Suspension 16 17 18 Lance Stroll Williams - Mercedes 48 Puncture 19 Ret 11 Sergio Pérez Force India - Mercedes 27 Engine 13 Ret 31 Esteban Ocon Force India - Mercedes 0 Collision 11 Ret 10 Pierre Gasly Scuderia Toro Rosso - Honda 0 Collision 14 Source:", "title": "2018 French Grand Prix" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, () commonly called only \"Azarbaijan University\", is a state university located near Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, founded in 1987. The university provides both undergraduate and graduate education to approximately 7.500 students at a wide range of fields including engineering, basic sciences, literature and theology. The university has got Research Gate's total impact point of 1716.47 from 61 publications, according to the latest statistics.", "title": "Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Malaviya Regional Engineering College, Jaipur is one of thirteen premium engineering colleges in India that came up with five Indian Institute of Technology to promote quality technical education in India. In 2002, it was renamed to Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur.", "title": "Malaviya Regional Engineering College" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thiruvalluvar College of Engineering and Technology or popularly known as TCET, located in Vandavasi, Tamil Nadu, India is a private educational institution in India.", "title": "Thiruvalluvar College of Engineering and Technology" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jim Clark dominated the race from pole position, a time that was 1.7 seconds faster than anybody else. Mexico was considered one of his most successful venues. His fastest lap of the race eclipsed his pole time by 0.7 seconds, and he lapped the entire field except for second and third behind him. He would eventually score a total of five pole positions, four fastest laps and three victories at the venue in his Formula One career. This was also his sixth win, his sixth fastest lap, and his sixth pole position of the nine races completed in 1963.", "title": "1963 Mexican Grand Prix" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2017 Qatar Grand Prix Race details Race 1 of 18 races in the 2017 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season Date 26 March 2017 Official name Grand Prix of Qatar Location Losail International Circuit, Doha, Qatar Course Permanent racing facility 5.380 km (3.343 mi) MotoGP Pole position Rider Maverick Viñales Yamaha Time 1: 54.316 Fastest lap Rider Johann Zarco Yamaha Time 1: 55.990 on lap 4 Podium First Maverick Viñales Yamaha Second Andrea Dovizioso Ducati Third Valentino Rossi Yamaha Moto2 Pole position Rider Franco Morbidelli Kalex Time 2: 00.349 Fastest lap Rider Franco Morbidelli Kalex Time 2: 00.087 on lap 6 Podium First Franco Morbidelli Kalex Second Thomas Lüthi Kalex Third Takaaki Nakagami Kalex Moto3 Pole position Rider Jorge Martín Honda Time 2: 06.817 Fastest lap Rider Fabio Di Giannantonio Honda Time 2: 06.860 on lap 5 Podium First Joan Mir Honda Second John McPhee Honda Third Jorge Martín Honda", "title": "2017 Qatar motorcycle Grand Prix" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Archibald was born in Glenfield House in Abbey, near Paisley, the third son of Archibald Barr, a yarn merchant, and Jeanie Stirrat, Barr was educated at Paisley Grammar School and apprenticed as an engineer to A F Craig & Co in Paisley before attending University of Glasgow to study engineering.", "title": "Archibald Barr" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sambur was educated at the City College of New York, receiving his B.S. in electrical engineering in 1968. He then joined the technical staff of Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, while continuing his education. He received an M.S. in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1969 and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from MIT in 1972.", "title": "Marvin R. Sambur" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hans Albert Einstein ( ; May 14, 1904 – July 26, 1973) was a Swiss-American engineer and educator, the second child and first son of Albert Einstein and Mileva Marić. Hans A. Einstein was a long-time professor of Hydraulic Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley.", "title": "Hans Albert Einstein" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "J. David Irwin (born August 9, 1939 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American engineering educator and author of popular textbooks in electrical engineering and related areas. He is the Earle C. Williams Eminent Scholar and former Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Head at Auburn University. Irwin is one of the longest serving Department Heads of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) in the world, having been appointed to lead the (then Electrical Engineering) Department at Auburn in 1973. He had also served as President of the ECE honor society Eta Kappa Nu; President of the US National Electrical Engineering Department Head Association; and President of two IEEE technical societies, on Industrial Electronics and on Education.", "title": "J. David Irwin" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "André Milhoux (born 9 December 1928) is a former racing driver from Belgium. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, the 1956 German Grand Prix on 5 August 1956, however he had to retire after 15 laps due to an engine failure. He scored no championship points.", "title": "André Milhoux" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Lap Engine is a beam engine designed by James Watt, built by Boulton and Watt in 1788. It is now preserved at the Science Museum, London.", "title": "Lap Engine" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On a restart on 194, Oriol Servià, Stefan Wilson, and Jack Harvey were all attempting to stretch their fuel to the finish, gambling on a late caution, and a possible surprise victory. However, with four laps to go, both Wilson and Harvey were forced to pit for fuel, as was Servià a lap later. Will Power took the lead and cruised to victory, having led 59 laps. Polesitter Ed Carpenter led 65 laps and finished second, his best - career Indy finish. 2016 winner Alexander Rossi had an outstanding charge from 32nd to 4th, leading one lap during the race. Power became the first driver to win both the IndyCar Grand Prix and the Indianapolis 500, as well as the first driver to sweep both in the same year.", "title": "2018 Indianapolis 500" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "While working as an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, Watt became interested in the technology of steam engines. He realised that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and reheating the cylinder. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines. Eventually he adapted his engine to produce rotary motion, greatly broadening its use beyond pumping water.", "title": "James Watt" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eric Penn was the eldest son of William Penn, a cricketer and a businessman who ran the family engineering company of John Penn and Sons founded by his own father, John Penn, which was based in Greenwich, London. Eric Penn was educated at Eton College and at Trinity College, Cambridge.", "title": "Eric Penn" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Injured Engine is a 1984 puzzle game released for the Commodore 64 by Imagic. The player must diagnose problems in a simulated automobile engine; the game aims to teach how engines work and how engine parts related to each other. It was created by an auto mechanic and a graphic artist. Imagic demonstrated it at the 1984 Consumer Electronics Show. Imagic designed it as part of an educational series that includes \"Microsurgeon\".", "title": "Injured Engine" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Henry Rice (1863–1922) was an American mechanical engineer and inventor who is known for many patents related to improvements to the Corliss steam engine, and his partnership in founding the Rice & Sargent Engine Company of Providence, Rhode Island.", "title": "Richard H. Rice" } ]	Where was the designer of the Lap Engine educated?	University of Glasgow	[]	Title: 2018 Indianapolis 500 Passage: On a restart on 194, Oriol Servià, Stefan Wilson, and Jack Harvey were all attempting to stretch their fuel to the finish, gambling on a late caution, and a possible surprise victory. However, with four laps to go, both Wilson and Harvey were forced to pit for fuel, as was Servià a lap later. Will Power took the lead and cruised to victory, having led 59 laps. Polesitter Ed Carpenter led 65 laps and finished second, his best - career Indy finish. 2016 winner Alexander Rossi had an outstanding charge from 32nd to 4th, leading one lap during the race. Power became the first driver to win both the IndyCar Grand Prix and the Indianapolis 500, as well as the first driver to sweep both in the same year. Title: 2017 Qatar motorcycle Grand Prix Passage: 2017 Qatar Grand Prix Race details Race 1 of 18 races in the 2017 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season Date 26 March 2017 Official name Grand Prix of Qatar Location Losail International Circuit, Doha, Qatar Course Permanent racing facility 5.380 km (3.343 mi) MotoGP Pole position Rider Maverick Viñales Yamaha Time 1: 54.316 Fastest lap Rider Johann Zarco Yamaha Time 1: 55.990 on lap 4 Podium First Maverick Viñales Yamaha Second Andrea Dovizioso Ducati Third Valentino Rossi Yamaha Moto2 Pole position Rider Franco Morbidelli Kalex Time 2: 00.349 Fastest lap Rider Franco Morbidelli Kalex Time 2: 00.087 on lap 6 Podium First Franco Morbidelli Kalex Second Thomas Lüthi Kalex Third Takaaki Nakagami Kalex Moto3 Pole position Rider Jorge Martín Honda Time 2: 06.817 Fastest lap Rider Fabio Di Giannantonio Honda Time 2: 06.860 on lap 5 Podium First Joan Mir Honda Second John McPhee Honda Third Jorge Martín Honda Title: 2018 French Grand Prix Passage: Pos. No. Driver Constructor Laps Time / Retired Grid Points 44 Lewis Hamilton Mercedes 53 1: 30: 11.385 25 33 Max Verstappen Red Bull Racing - TAG Heuer 53 + 7.090 18 7 Kimi Räikkönen Ferrari 53 + 25.888 6 15 Daniel Ricciardo Red Bull Racing - TAG Heuer 53 + 34.736 5 12 5 5 Sebastian Vettel Ferrari 53 + 1: 01.935 10 6 20 Kevin Magnussen Haas - Ferrari 53 + 1: 19.364 9 8 7 77 Valtteri Bottas Mercedes 53 + 1: 20.632 6 8 55 Carlos Sainz Jr. Renault 53 + 1: 27.184 7 9 27 Nico Hülkenberg Renault 53 + 1: 31.989 12 10 16 Charles Leclerc Sauber - Ferrari 53 + 1: 33.873 8 11 8 Romain Grosjean Haas - Ferrari 52 + 1 lap 10 12 Stoffel Vandoorne McLaren - Renault 52 + 1 lap 17 13 9 Marcus Ericsson Sauber - Ferrari 52 + 1 lap 15 14 28 Brendon Hartley Scuderia Toro Rosso - Honda 52 + 1 lap 20 15 35 Sergey Sirotkin Williams - Mercedes 52 + 1 lap 18 16 14 Fernando Alonso McLaren - Renault 50 Suspension 16 17 18 Lance Stroll Williams - Mercedes 48 Puncture 19 Ret 11 Sergio Pérez Force India - Mercedes 27 Engine 13 Ret 31 Esteban Ocon Force India - Mercedes 0 Collision 11 Ret 10 Pierre Gasly Scuderia Toro Rosso - Honda 0 Collision 14 Source: Title: Institute of technology Passage: University of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Sciences are the recognized universities that grant Bachelor's and master's degrees in undergraduate and graduate studies respectively. The Bachelor of Science degree awarded by Universities of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Sciences are 4 years full-time program after finishing 13 years of education (international high school certificate) in Pakistan known as F.Sc equivalent to British system A-Level. Title: Callcott Reilly Passage: Callcott Reilly (28 October 1828 – 21 May 1900) was a British civil and construction engineer. He is noted for his work on uniform stress, as illustrated by reference to bridge building, for which the Institution of Civil Engineers awarded him the Telford Medal in 1865. He played a prominent role in promoting the professional education of engineers and in 1871 became the first Professor of Engineering Construction at the newly formed Royal Indian Engineering College (RIEC) located at Coopers Hill near Englefield Green. Title: Archibald Barr Passage: Archibald was born in Glenfield House in Abbey, near Paisley, the third son of Archibald Barr, a yarn merchant, and Jeanie Stirrat, Barr was educated at Paisley Grammar School and apprenticed as an engineer to A F Craig & Co in Paisley before attending University of Glasgow to study engineering. Title: Injured Engine Passage: Injured Engine is a 1984 puzzle game released for the Commodore 64 by Imagic. The player must diagnose problems in a simulated automobile engine; the game aims to teach how engines work and how engine parts related to each other. It was created by an auto mechanic and a graphic artist. Imagic demonstrated it at the 1984 Consumer Electronics Show. Imagic designed it as part of an educational series that includes "Microsurgeon". Title: Malaviya Regional Engineering College Passage: Malaviya Regional Engineering College, Jaipur is one of thirteen premium engineering colleges in India that came up with five Indian Institute of Technology to promote quality technical education in India. In 2002, it was renamed to Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur. Title: André Milhoux Passage: André Milhoux (born 9 December 1928) is a former racing driver from Belgium. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, the 1956 German Grand Prix on 5 August 1956, however he had to retire after 15 laps due to an engine failure. He scored no championship points. Title: Richard H. Rice Passage: Richard Henry Rice (1863–1922) was an American mechanical engineer and inventor who is known for many patents related to improvements to the Corliss steam engine, and his partnership in founding the Rice & Sargent Engine Company of Providence, Rhode Island. Title: Thiruvalluvar College of Engineering and Technology Passage: Thiruvalluvar College of Engineering and Technology or popularly known as TCET, located in Vandavasi, Tamil Nadu, India is a private educational institution in India. Title: Lap Engine Passage: The Lap Engine is a beam engine designed by James Watt, built by Boulton and Watt in 1788. It is now preserved at the Science Museum, London. Title: Eric Penn Passage: Eric Penn was the eldest son of William Penn, a cricketer and a businessman who ran the family engineering company of John Penn and Sons founded by his own father, John Penn, which was based in Greenwich, London. Eric Penn was educated at Eton College and at Trinity College, Cambridge. Title: Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Passage: Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, () commonly called only "Azarbaijan University", is a state university located near Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, founded in 1987. The university provides both undergraduate and graduate education to approximately 7.500 students at a wide range of fields including engineering, basic sciences, literature and theology. The university has got Research Gate's total impact point of 1716.47 from 61 publications, according to the latest statistics. Title: 1963 Mexican Grand Prix Passage: Jim Clark dominated the race from pole position, a time that was 1.7 seconds faster than anybody else. Mexico was considered one of his most successful venues. His fastest lap of the race eclipsed his pole time by 0.7 seconds, and he lapped the entire field except for second and third behind him. He would eventually score a total of five pole positions, four fastest laps and three victories at the venue in his Formula One career. This was also his sixth win, his sixth fastest lap, and his sixth pole position of the nine races completed in 1963. Title: J. David Irwin Passage: J. David Irwin (born August 9, 1939 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American engineering educator and author of popular textbooks in electrical engineering and related areas. He is the Earle C. Williams Eminent Scholar and former Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Head at Auburn University. Irwin is one of the longest serving Department Heads of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) in the world, having been appointed to lead the (then Electrical Engineering) Department at Auburn in 1973. He had also served as President of the ECE honor society Eta Kappa Nu; President of the US National Electrical Engineering Department Head Association; and President of two IEEE technical societies, on Industrial Electronics and on Education. Title: Marvin R. Sambur Passage: Sambur was educated at the City College of New York, receiving his B.S. in electrical engineering in 1968. He then joined the technical staff of Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, while continuing his education. He received an M.S. in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1969 and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from MIT in 1972. Title: Meenakshi Sundararajan Engineering College Passage: Meenakshi Sundararajan Engineering College (MSEC) (Tamil:மீனாட்சி சுந்தரராஜன் பொறியியல் கல்லூரி) is an engineering college in Kodambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India and it is founded in 2001. Title: James Watt Passage: While working as an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, Watt became interested in the technology of steam engines. He realised that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and reheating the cylinder. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines. Eventually he adapted his engine to produce rotary motion, greatly broadening its use beyond pumping water. Title: Hans Albert Einstein Passage: Hans Albert Einstein ( ; May 14, 1904 – July 26, 1973) was a Swiss-American engineer and educator, the second child and first son of Albert Einstein and Mileva Marić. Hans A. Einstein was a long-time professor of Hydraulic Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley.	[ "Lap Engine", "James Watt" ]
2hop__30905_189318	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Most analyses place Kerry's voting record on the left within the Senate Democratic caucus. During the 2004 presidential election he was portrayed as a staunch liberal by conservative groups and the Bush campaign, who often noted that in 2003 Kerry was rated the National Journal's top Senate liberal. However, that rating was based only upon voting on legislation within that past year. In fact, in terms of career voting records, the National Journal found that Kerry is the 11th most liberal member of the Senate. Most analyses find that Kerry is at least slightly more liberal than the typical Democratic Senator. Kerry has stated that he opposes privatizing Social Security, supports abortion rights for adult women and minors, supports same-sex marriage, opposes capital punishment except for terrorists, supports most gun control laws, and is generally a supporter of trade agreements. Kerry supported the North American Free Trade Agreement and Most Favored Nation status for China, but opposed the Central American Free Trade Agreement.[citation needed]", "title": "John Kerry" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In May 2005, the first high definition video conferencing systems, produced by LifeSize Communications, were displayed at the Interop trade show in Las Vegas, Nevada, able to provide video at 30 frames per second with a 1280 by 720 display resolution. Polycom introduced its first high definition video conferencing system to the market in 2006. As of the 2010s, high definition resolution for videoconferencing became a popular feature, with most major suppliers in the videoconferencing market offering it.", "title": "Videotelephony" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During his tour on the guided missile frigate USS Gridley, Kerry requested duty in South Vietnam, listing as his first preference a position as the commander of a Fast Patrol Craft (PCF), also known as a \"Swift boat.\" These 50-foot (15 m) boats have aluminum hulls and have little or no armor, but are heavily armed and rely on speed. \"I didn't really want to get involved in the war\", Kerry said in a book of Vietnam reminiscences published in 1986. \"When I signed up for the swift boats, they had very little to do with the war. They were engaged in coastal patrolling and that's what I thought I was going to be doing.\" However, his second choice of billet was on a river patrol boat, or \"PBR\", which at the time was serving a more dangerous duty on the rivers of Vietnam.", "title": "John Kerry" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After returning to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW). Then numbering about 20,000, VVAW was considered by some (including the administration of President Richard Nixon) to be an effective, if controversial, component of the antiwar movement. Kerry participated in the \"Winter Soldier Investigation\" conducted by VVAW of U.S. atrocities in Vietnam, and he appears in a film by that name that documents the investigation. According to Nixon Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird, \"I didn't approve of what he did, but I understood the protesters quite well\", and he declined two requests from the Navy to court martial Reserve Lieutenant Kerry over his antiwar activity.", "title": "John Kerry" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Times, along with the British Film Institute, sponsors the \"The Times\" bfi London Film Festival. It also sponsors the Cheltenham Literature Festival and the Asia House Festival of Asian Literature at Asia House, London.", "title": "The Times" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Listry GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Kerry, Ireland. The club is based in the east of Kerry just outside Killarney. It is a single sport club - it fields teams in Gaelic football only. The club plays in Div 2 of the county league and in East Kerry Leagues and Championships. Listrys success in recent years is mainly due to former Kerry minor and linchpin of the attack Donagh O'Regan.", "title": "Listry GAA" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Museum of Trade Ceramics is located in Hoi An, central Vietnam. It is a museum showcasing the origins and history of the town and the region in the context of historic trade and relationships with foreign nations such as China, India, Japan, the Philippines and Thailand. The building housing the museum is itself an attractively restored traditional wooden house of Hoi An's old quarter, which, on account of design similarity and a historically significant local Japanese trading community, is likened to those of Kyoto.", "title": "Museum of Trade Ceramics" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Stack's Mountains are a mountain range about seven kilometres northeast of Tralee, along the N69 road in County Kerry in Ireland.", "title": "Stack's Mountains" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Code of Conduct and the Vietnam War is a report from an individual research project conducted by John McCain, Commander, United States Navy, at the National War College. It has a 44 pages and was released on April 8, 1974.", "title": "The Code of Conduct and the Vietnam Prisoners of War" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hong Kong Maritime Museum is a non-profit educational institution funded by the international shipping community and the government in Hong Kong. It is located at Central Pier 8, Hong Kong. The museum was reopened to the public in February 2013.", "title": "Hong Kong Maritime Museum" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On April 22, 1971, Kerry appeared before a U.S. Senate committee hearing on proposals relating to ending the war. The day after this testimony, Kerry participated in a demonstration with thousands of other veterans in which he and other Vietnam War veterans threw their medals and service ribbons over a fence erected at the front steps of the United States Capitol building to dramatize their opposition to the war. Jack Smith, a Marine, read a statement explaining why the veterans were returning their military awards to the government. For more than two hours, almost 1000 angry veterans tossed their medals, ribbons, hats, jackets, and military papers over the fence. Each veteran gave his or her name, hometown, branch of service and a statement. Kerry threw some of his own decorations and awards as well as some given to him by other veterans to throw. As Kerry threw his decorations over the fence, his statement was: \"I'm not doing this for any violent reasons, but for peace and justice, and to try and make this country wake up once and for all.\"", "title": "John Kerry" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On July 6, John Kerry selected John Edwards as his running mate, shortly before the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston, held later that month. Days before Kerry announced Edwards as his running mate, Kerry gave a short list of three candidates: Sen John Edwards, Rep Dick Gephardt, and Gov Tom Vilsack. Heading into the convention, the Kerry/Edwards ticket unveiled their new slogan—a promise to make America \"stronger at home and more respected in the world.\" Kerry made his Vietnam War experience the prominent theme of the convention. In accepting the nomination, he began his speech with, \"I'm John Kerry and I'm reporting for duty.\" He later delivered what may have been the speech's most memorable line when he said, \"the future doesn't belong to fear, it belongs to freedom\", a quote that later appeared in a Kerry/Edwards television advertisement.", "title": "2004 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Often cited as the last verified American POW from the Vietnam War, Garwood was taken to North Vietnam in 1969, and reportedly was released in 1973 along with the other American POWs. However, he did not return to the United States until March 22, 1979.", "title": "Robert R. Garwood" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kerry chaired the Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs from 1991 to 1993. The committee's report, which Kerry endorsed, stated there was \"no compelling evidence that proves that any American remains alive in captivity in Southeast Asia.\" In 1994 the Senate passed a resolution, sponsored by Kerry and fellow Vietnam veteran John McCain, that called for an end to the existing trade embargo against Vietnam; it was intended to pave the way for normalization. In 1995, President Bill Clinton normalized diplomatic relations with the country of Vietnam.", "title": "John Kerry" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968–1969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes.", "title": "John Kerry" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bush focused his campaign on national security, presenting himself as a decisive leader and contrasted Kerry as a \"flip-flopper.\" This strategy was designed to convey to American voters the idea that Bush could be trusted to be tough on terrorism while Kerry would be \"uncertain in the face of danger.\" Bush (just as his father did with Dukakis in the 1988 election) also sought to portray Kerry as a \"Massachusetts liberal\" who was out of touch with mainstream Americans. One of Kerry's slogans was \"Stronger at home, respected in the world.\" This advanced the suggestion that Kerry would pay more attention to domestic concerns; it also encapsulated Kerry's contention that Bush had alienated American allies by his foreign policy.", "title": "2004 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A bill to make September 11 a national day of mourning was introduced in the U.S. House on October 25, 2001, by Rep. Vito Fossella (R - NY) with 22 co-sponsors, among them 11 Democrats and 11 Republicans. The bill requested that the President designate September 11 of each year as Patriot Day. Joint Resolution 71 passed the House by a vote of 407 -- 0, with 25 members not voting. The bill passed the Senate unanimously on November 30. President Bush signed the resolution into law on December 18 as Pub. L. 107 -- 89. On September 4, 2002, President Bush used the authority of the resolution to proclaim September 11, 2002, as the first Patriot Day.", "title": "Patriot Day" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Death Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal published ten times a year by Routledge and sponsored by the Association for Death Education and Counseling - The Thanatology Association. It focuses on issues related to death, dying, bereavement, and death education.", "title": "Death Studies" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "APEC Vietnam 2006 was a series of political meetings held around Vietnam between the 21 member economies of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation during 2006. Various meetings were held across Vietnam in 2006. Leaders from all the member countries met from 18 to 19 November 2006 in Hanoi. Notable objectives that APEC Vietnam 2006 aimed to achieve included advancing free trade and investments, enhancing human security and building stronger societies and a more dynamic and harmonious community. The theme surrounding this APEC meeting was towards a dynamic community for sustainable development and prosperity.", "title": "APEC Vietnam 2006" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Derrynane are a Gaelic Athletic Association club from County Kerry, Ireland. The club is a member of the South Kerry division of Kerry GAA. The club fields teams in Gaelic football only, as no hurling is played in that region. It is a participant in the South Kerry Senior Football Championship.", "title": "Derrynane GAA" } ]	Where did the person who sponsored the resolution to reopen trade with Vietnam along with Kerry go to college?	National War College	[]	Title: Patriot Day Passage: A bill to make September 11 a national day of mourning was introduced in the U.S. House on October 25, 2001, by Rep. Vito Fossella (R - NY) with 22 co-sponsors, among them 11 Democrats and 11 Republicans. The bill requested that the President designate September 11 of each year as Patriot Day. Joint Resolution 71 passed the House by a vote of 407 -- 0, with 25 members not voting. The bill passed the Senate unanimously on November 30. President Bush signed the resolution into law on December 18 as Pub. L. 107 -- 89. On September 4, 2002, President Bush used the authority of the resolution to proclaim September 11, 2002, as the first Patriot Day. Title: Derrynane GAA Passage: Derrynane are a Gaelic Athletic Association club from County Kerry, Ireland. The club is a member of the South Kerry division of Kerry GAA. The club fields teams in Gaelic football only, as no hurling is played in that region. It is a participant in the South Kerry Senior Football Championship. Title: John Kerry Passage: Kerry chaired the Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs from 1991 to 1993. The committee's report, which Kerry endorsed, stated there was "no compelling evidence that proves that any American remains alive in captivity in Southeast Asia." In 1994 the Senate passed a resolution, sponsored by Kerry and fellow Vietnam veteran John McCain, that called for an end to the existing trade embargo against Vietnam; it was intended to pave the way for normalization. In 1995, President Bill Clinton normalized diplomatic relations with the country of Vietnam. Title: Videotelephony Passage: In May 2005, the first high definition video conferencing systems, produced by LifeSize Communications, were displayed at the Interop trade show in Las Vegas, Nevada, able to provide video at 30 frames per second with a 1280 by 720 display resolution. Polycom introduced its first high definition video conferencing system to the market in 2006. As of the 2010s, high definition resolution for videoconferencing became a popular feature, with most major suppliers in the videoconferencing market offering it. Title: The Code of Conduct and the Vietnam Prisoners of War Passage: The Code of Conduct and the Vietnam War is a report from an individual research project conducted by John McCain, Commander, United States Navy, at the National War College. It has a 44 pages and was released on April 8, 1974. Title: Hong Kong Maritime Museum Passage: Hong Kong Maritime Museum is a non-profit educational institution funded by the international shipping community and the government in Hong Kong. It is located at Central Pier 8, Hong Kong. The museum was reopened to the public in February 2013. Title: Stack's Mountains Passage: The Stack's Mountains are a mountain range about seven kilometres northeast of Tralee, along the N69 road in County Kerry in Ireland. Title: John Kerry Passage: Most analyses place Kerry's voting record on the left within the Senate Democratic caucus. During the 2004 presidential election he was portrayed as a staunch liberal by conservative groups and the Bush campaign, who often noted that in 2003 Kerry was rated the National Journal's top Senate liberal. However, that rating was based only upon voting on legislation within that past year. In fact, in terms of career voting records, the National Journal found that Kerry is the 11th most liberal member of the Senate. Most analyses find that Kerry is at least slightly more liberal than the typical Democratic Senator. Kerry has stated that he opposes privatizing Social Security, supports abortion rights for adult women and minors, supports same-sex marriage, opposes capital punishment except for terrorists, supports most gun control laws, and is generally a supporter of trade agreements. Kerry supported the North American Free Trade Agreement and Most Favored Nation status for China, but opposed the Central American Free Trade Agreement.[citation needed] Title: John Kerry Passage: Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968–1969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. Title: John Kerry Passage: On April 22, 1971, Kerry appeared before a U.S. Senate committee hearing on proposals relating to ending the war. The day after this testimony, Kerry participated in a demonstration with thousands of other veterans in which he and other Vietnam War veterans threw their medals and service ribbons over a fence erected at the front steps of the United States Capitol building to dramatize their opposition to the war. Jack Smith, a Marine, read a statement explaining why the veterans were returning their military awards to the government. For more than two hours, almost 1000 angry veterans tossed their medals, ribbons, hats, jackets, and military papers over the fence. Each veteran gave his or her name, hometown, branch of service and a statement. Kerry threw some of his own decorations and awards as well as some given to him by other veterans to throw. As Kerry threw his decorations over the fence, his statement was: "I'm not doing this for any violent reasons, but for peace and justice, and to try and make this country wake up once and for all." Title: Death Studies Passage: Death Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal published ten times a year by Routledge and sponsored by the Association for Death Education and Counseling - The Thanatology Association. It focuses on issues related to death, dying, bereavement, and death education. Title: The Times Passage: The Times, along with the British Film Institute, sponsors the "The Times" bfi London Film Festival. It also sponsors the Cheltenham Literature Festival and the Asia House Festival of Asian Literature at Asia House, London. Title: John Kerry Passage: After returning to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW). Then numbering about 20,000, VVAW was considered by some (including the administration of President Richard Nixon) to be an effective, if controversial, component of the antiwar movement. Kerry participated in the "Winter Soldier Investigation" conducted by VVAW of U.S. atrocities in Vietnam, and he appears in a film by that name that documents the investigation. According to Nixon Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird, "I didn't approve of what he did, but I understood the protesters quite well", and he declined two requests from the Navy to court martial Reserve Lieutenant Kerry over his antiwar activity. Title: John Kerry Passage: During his tour on the guided missile frigate USS Gridley, Kerry requested duty in South Vietnam, listing as his first preference a position as the commander of a Fast Patrol Craft (PCF), also known as a "Swift boat." These 50-foot (15 m) boats have aluminum hulls and have little or no armor, but are heavily armed and rely on speed. "I didn't really want to get involved in the war", Kerry said in a book of Vietnam reminiscences published in 1986. "When I signed up for the swift boats, they had very little to do with the war. They were engaged in coastal patrolling and that's what I thought I was going to be doing." However, his second choice of billet was on a river patrol boat, or "PBR", which at the time was serving a more dangerous duty on the rivers of Vietnam. Title: Listry GAA Passage: Listry GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Kerry, Ireland. The club is based in the east of Kerry just outside Killarney. It is a single sport club - it fields teams in Gaelic football only. The club plays in Div 2 of the county league and in East Kerry Leagues and Championships. Listrys success in recent years is mainly due to former Kerry minor and linchpin of the attack Donagh O'Regan. Title: APEC Vietnam 2006 Passage: APEC Vietnam 2006 was a series of political meetings held around Vietnam between the 21 member economies of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation during 2006. Various meetings were held across Vietnam in 2006. Leaders from all the member countries met from 18 to 19 November 2006 in Hanoi. Notable objectives that APEC Vietnam 2006 aimed to achieve included advancing free trade and investments, enhancing human security and building stronger societies and a more dynamic and harmonious community. The theme surrounding this APEC meeting was towards a dynamic community for sustainable development and prosperity. Title: 2004 United States presidential election Passage: Bush focused his campaign on national security, presenting himself as a decisive leader and contrasted Kerry as a "flip-flopper." This strategy was designed to convey to American voters the idea that Bush could be trusted to be tough on terrorism while Kerry would be "uncertain in the face of danger." Bush (just as his father did with Dukakis in the 1988 election) also sought to portray Kerry as a "Massachusetts liberal" who was out of touch with mainstream Americans. One of Kerry's slogans was "Stronger at home, respected in the world." This advanced the suggestion that Kerry would pay more attention to domestic concerns; it also encapsulated Kerry's contention that Bush had alienated American allies by his foreign policy. Title: Museum of Trade Ceramics Passage: The Museum of Trade Ceramics is located in Hoi An, central Vietnam. It is a museum showcasing the origins and history of the town and the region in the context of historic trade and relationships with foreign nations such as China, India, Japan, the Philippines and Thailand. The building housing the museum is itself an attractively restored traditional wooden house of Hoi An's old quarter, which, on account of design similarity and a historically significant local Japanese trading community, is likened to those of Kyoto. Title: 2004 United States presidential election Passage: On July 6, John Kerry selected John Edwards as his running mate, shortly before the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston, held later that month. Days before Kerry announced Edwards as his running mate, Kerry gave a short list of three candidates: Sen John Edwards, Rep Dick Gephardt, and Gov Tom Vilsack. Heading into the convention, the Kerry/Edwards ticket unveiled their new slogan—a promise to make America "stronger at home and more respected in the world." Kerry made his Vietnam War experience the prominent theme of the convention. In accepting the nomination, he began his speech with, "I'm John Kerry and I'm reporting for duty." He later delivered what may have been the speech's most memorable line when he said, "the future doesn't belong to fear, it belongs to freedom", a quote that later appeared in a Kerry/Edwards television advertisement. Title: Robert R. Garwood Passage: Often cited as the last verified American POW from the Vietnam War, Garwood was taken to North Vietnam in 1969, and reportedly was released in 1973 along with the other American POWs. However, he did not return to the United States until March 22, 1979.	[ "The Code of Conduct and the Vietnam Prisoners of War", "John Kerry" ]
2hop__21103_16334	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Colony is a town in northeastern Washita County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 136 at the 2010 U.S. census, a decrease of 7.5 percent from 147 in 2000. It was named for the Seger Colony, founded in 1886, which taught modern agricultural techniques to the Arapaho and Cheyenne tribes that would be resettled in the vicinity. Colony is east and north of Cordell.", "title": "Colony, Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 2010 study by Bray et al., using SNP microarray techniques and linkage analysis found that when assuming Druze and Palestinian Arab populations to represent the reference to world Jewry ancestor genome, between 35 to 55 percent of the modern Ashkenazi genome can possibly be of European origin, and that European \"admixture is considerably higher than previous estimates by studies that used the Y chromosome\" with this reference point. Assuming this reference point the linkage disequilibrium in the Ashkenazi Jewish population was interpreted as \"matches signs of interbreeding or 'admixture' between Middle Eastern and European populations\". On the Bray et al. tree, Ashkenazi Jews were found to be a genetically more divergent population than Russians, Orcadians, French, Basques, Italians, Sardinians and Tuscans. The study also observed that Ashkenazim are more diverse than their Middle Eastern relatives, which was counterintuitive because Ashkenazim are supposed to be a subset, not a superset, of their assumed geographical source population. Bray et al. therefore postulate that these results reflect not the population antiquity but a history of mixing between genetically distinct populations in Europe. However, it's possible that the relaxation of marriage prescription in the ancestors of Ashkenazim that drove their heterozygosity up, while the maintenance of the FBD rule in native Middle Easterners have been keeping their heterozygosity values in check. Ashkenazim distinctiveness as found in the Bray et al. study, therefore, may come from their ethnic endogamy (ethnic inbreeding), which allowed them to \"mine\" their ancestral gene pool in the context of relative reproductive isolation from European neighbors, and not from clan endogamy (clan inbreeding). Consequently, their higher diversity compared to Middle Easterners stems from the latter's marriage practices, not necessarily from the former's admixture with Europeans.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bellarosa Connection is a 1989 novella by the American author Saul Bellow. The book takes the form of an ongoing dialogue between the Fonstein family about the impact of the Holocaust. This is an especially significant story as it represents, along with \"Mr. Sammler's Planet\", Bellow's most significant commentary on the Holocaust. In the book, the Bellarosa Connection signifies Billy Rose's Madison Square Garden benefit for the Jews of Europe on the most immediate level, but, more deeply, becomes a point of departure for Bellow to consider the American Jewish response to European Jews' experience during World War II. As Bellow's protagonist comes to grips with the past, his experience distances American Jewry's position from that of its European counterparts. The book moves then to Israel in order to present the three major homelands of the World's Jewry.", "title": "The Bellarosa Connection" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some scholars believe that Modern Orthodoxy arose from the religious and social realities of Western European Jewry. While most Jews consider Modern Orthodoxy traditional today, some (the hareidi and hasidic groups) within the Orthodox community consider some elements to be of questionable validity. The neo-Orthodox movement holds that Hirsch's views are not accurately followed by Modern Orthodoxy. [See Torah im Derech Eretz and Torah Umadda \"Relationship with Torah im Derech Eretz\" for a more extensive listing.]", "title": "Orthodox Judaism" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationships among all major Jewish groups, including Ashkenazim, as well as the genetic relationship between these Jewish groups and non-Jewish ethnic populations. The study found that contemporary Jews (excluding Indian and Ethiopian Jews) have a close genetic relationship with people from the Levant. The authors explained that \"the most parsimonious explanation for these observations is a common genetic origin, which is consistent with an historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant\".", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyborg anthropology originated as a sub-focus group within the American Anthropological Association's annual meeting in 1993. The sub-group was very closely related to STS and the Society for the Social Studies of Science. Donna Haraway's 1985 Cyborg Manifesto could be considered the founding document of cyborg anthropology by first exploring the philosophical and sociological ramifications of the term. Cyborg anthropology studies humankind and its relations with the technological systems it has built, specifically modern technological systems that have reflexively shaped notions of what it means to be human beings.", "title": "Anthropology" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern Russia, Ukraine and Belarus trace their origins, established Old East Slavic as a literary and commercial language. It was soon followed by the adoption of Christianity in 988 and the introduction of the South Slavic Old Church Slavonic as the liturgical and official language. Borrowings and calques from Byzantine Greek began to enter the Old East Slavic and spoken dialects at this time, which in their turn modified the Old Church Slavonic as well.", "title": "Russian language" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A study of haplotypes of the Y-chromosome, published in 2000, addressed the paternal origins of Ashkenazi Jews. Hammer et al. found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population. This suggested that the male ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to the Middle East. The proportion of male genetic admixture in Ashkenazi Jews amounts to less than 0.5% per generation over an estimated 80 generations, with \"relatively minor contribution of European Y chromosomes to the Ashkenazim,\" and a total admixture estimate \"very similar to Motulsky's average estimate of 12.5%.\" This supported the finding that \"Diaspora Jews from Europe, Northwest Africa, and the Near East resemble each other more closely than they resemble their non-Jewish neighbors.\" \"Past research found that 50–80 percent of DNA from the Ashkenazi Y chromosome, which is used to trace the male lineage, originated in the Near East,\" Richards said.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ashkenazi Jews represent the bulk of modern Jewry, with at least 70% of Jews worldwide (and up to 90% prior to World War II and the Holocaust). As a result of their emigration from Europe, Ashkenazim also represent the overwhelming majority of Jews in the New World continents, in countries such as the United States, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and Brazil. In France, the immigration of Jews from Algeria (Sephardim) has led them to outnumber the Ashkenazim. Only in Israel is the Jewish population representative of all groups, a melting pot independent of each group's proportion within the overall world Jewish population.", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Y DNA studies tend to imply a small number of founders in an old population whose members parted and followed different migration paths. In most Jewish populations, these male line ancestors appear to have been mainly Middle Eastern. For example, Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with other Jewish and Middle Eastern groups than with non-Jewish populations in areas where Jews lived in Eastern Europe, Germany and the French Rhine Valley. This is consistent with Jewish traditions in placing most Jewish paternal origins in the region of the Middle East. Conversely, the maternal lineages of Jewish populations, studied by looking at mitochondrial DNA, are generally more heterogeneous. Scholars such as Harry Ostrer and Raphael Falk believe this indicates that many Jewish males found new mates from European and other communities in the places where they migrated in the diaspora after fleeing ancient Israel. In contrast, Behar has found evidence that about 40% of Ashkenazi Jews originate maternally from just four female founders, who were of Middle Eastern origin. The populations of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jewish communities \"showed no evidence for a narrow founder effect.\" Subsequent studies carried out by Feder et al. confirmed the large portion of non-local maternal origin among Ashkenazi Jews. Reflecting on their findings related to the maternal origin of Ashkenazi Jews, the authors conclude \"Clearly, the differences between Jews and non-Jews are far larger than those observed among the Jewish communities. Hence, differences between the Jewish communities can be overlooked when non-Jews are included in the comparisons.\"", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group. The research demonstrates the endogamy of the Jewish population in Europe and lends further credence to the idea of Ashkenazi Jews as an ethnic group. Moreover, though intermarriage among Jews of Ashkenazi descent has become increasingly common, many Haredi Jews, particularly members of Hasidic or Hareidi sects, continue to marry exclusively fellow Ashkenazi Jews. This trend keeps Ashkenazi genes prevalent and also helps researchers further study the genes of Ashkenazi Jews with relative ease. It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A 2010 study on Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. stated \"Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation of Ashkenazi Jewry\", as both groups – the Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews – shared common ancestors in the Middle East about 2500 years ago. The study examines genetic markers spread across the entire genome and shows that the Jewish groups (Ashkenazi and non Ashkenazi) share large swaths of DNA, indicating close relationships and that each of the Jewish groups in the study (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek and Ashkenazi) has its own genetic signature but is more closely related to the other Jewish groups than to their fellow non-Jewish countrymen. Atzmon's team found that the SNP markers in genetic segments of 3 million DNA letters or longer were 10 times more likely to be identical among Jews than non-Jews. Results of the analysis also tally with biblical accounts of the fate of the Jews. The study also found that with respect to non-Jewish European groups, the population most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews are modern-day Italians. The study speculated that the genetic-similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be due to inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire. It was also found that any two Ashkenazi Jewish participants in the study shared about as much DNA as fourth or fifth cousins.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Studies of autosomal DNA, which look at the entire DNA mixture, have become increasingly important as the technology develops. They show that Jewish populations have tended to form relatively closely related groups in independent communities, with most in a community sharing significant ancestry in common. For Jewish populations of the diaspora, the genetic composition of Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and Mizrahi Jewish populations show a predominant amount of shared Middle Eastern ancestry. According to Behar, the most parsimonious explanation for this shared Middle Eastern ancestry is that it is \"consistent with the historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant\" and \"the dispersion of the people of ancient Israel throughout the Old World\". North African, Italian and others of Iberian origin show variable frequencies of admixture with non-Jewish historical host populations among the maternal lines. In the case of Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews (in particular Moroccan Jews), who are closely related, the source of non-Jewish admixture is mainly southern European, while Mizrahi Jews show evidence of admixture with other Middle Eastern populations and Sub-Saharan Africans. Behar et al. have remarked on an especially close relationship of Ashkenazi Jews and modern Italians.", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates \"the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity.\"[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the claim that present-day Jews are more closely related to one another than to neighbouring non-Jewish populations. Hammer et al. found that the degree of genetic similarity among Jews shifted depending on the locus investigated, and suggested that this was the result of natural selection acting on particular loci. They focused on the non-recombining Y-chromosome to \"circumvent some of the complications associated with selection\".", "title": "Race (human categorization)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On the other hand, Orthodox Jews subscribing to Modern Orthodoxy in its American and UK incarnations, tend to be far more right-wing than both non-orthodox and other orthodox Jews. While the overwhelming majority of non-Orthodox American Jews are on average strongly liberal and supporters of the Democratic Party, the Modern Orthodox subgroup of Orthodox Judaism tends to be far more conservative, with roughly half describing themselves as political conservatives, and are mostly Republican Party supporters. Modern Orthodox Jews, compared to both the non-Orthodox American Jewry and the Haredi and Hasidic Jewry, also tend to have a stronger connection to Israel due to their attachment to Zionism.", "title": "Orthodox Judaism" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Of the estimated 8.8 million Jews living in Europe at the beginning of World War II, the majority of whom were Ashkenazi, about 6 million – more than two-thirds – were systematically murdered in the Holocaust. These included 3 million of 3.3 million Polish Jews (91%); 900,000 of 1.5 million in Ukraine (60%); and 50–90% of the Jews of other Slavic nations, Germany, Hungary, and the Baltic states, and over 25% of the Jews in France. Sephardi communities suffered similar depletions in a few countries, including Greece, the Netherlands and the former Yugoslavia. As the large majority of the victims were Ashkenazi Jews, their percentage dropped from nearly 92% of world Jewry in 1931 to nearly 80% of world Jewry today. The Holocaust also effectively put an end to the dynamic development of the Yiddish language in the previous decades, as the vast majority of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, around 5 million, were Yiddish speakers. Many of the surviving Ashkenazi Jews emigrated to countries such as Israel, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and the United States after the war.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since all modern ctenophores except the beroids have cydippid-like larvae, it has widely been assumed that their last common ancestor also resembled cydippids, having an egg-shaped body and a pair of retractable tentacles. Richard Harbison's purely morphological analysis in 1985 concluded that the cydippids are not monophyletic, in other words do not contain all and only the descendants of a single common ancestor that was itself a cydippid. Instead he found that various cydippid families were more similar to members of other ctenophore orders than to other cydippids. He also suggested that the last common ancestor of modern ctenophores was either cydippid-like or beroid-like. A molecular phylogeny analysis in 2001, using 26 species, including 4 recently discovered ones, confirmed that the cydippids are not monophyletic and concluded that the last common ancestor of modern ctenophores was cydippid-like. It also found that the genetic differences between these species were very small – so small that the relationships between the Lobata, Cestida and Thalassocalycida remained uncertain. This suggests that the last common ancestor of modern ctenophores was relatively recent, and perhaps was lucky enough to survive the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 65.5 million years ago while other lineages perished. When the analysis was broadened to include representatives of other phyla, it concluded that cnidarians are probably more closely related to bilaterians than either group is to ctenophores but that this diagnosis is uncertain.", "title": "Ctenophora" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Despite their soft, gelatinous bodies, fossils thought to represent ctenophores, apparently with no tentacles but many more comb-rows than modern forms, have been found in lagerstätten as far back as the early Cambrian, about 515 million years ago. The position of the ctenophores in the evolutionary family tree of animals has long been debated, and the majority view at present, based on molecular phylogenetics, is that cnidarians and bilaterians are more closely related to each other than either is to ctenophores. A recent molecular phylogenetics analysis concluded that the common ancestor of all modern ctenophores was cydippid-like, and that all the modern groups appeared relatively recently, probably after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago. Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that the \"cydippids\" are not monophyletic, in other words do not include all and only the descendants of a single common ancestor, because all the other traditional ctenophore groups are descendants of various cydippids.", "title": "Ctenophora" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Two species, cinnamon-rumped and scarlet-rumped trogons, were previously classified in a separate genus, \"Duvaucelius\", and a 2010 study found that these two were closely related and formed a separate clade from all of the other \"Harpactes\" trogons (except orange-breasted trogon, which forms a third group), but recommended that all three groups should be treated as congeneric. This same study also found that the genus \"Apalharpactes\", containing two species sometimes included in \"Harpactes\", is actually distantly related and thus a valid genus.", "title": "Harpactes" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries. In comparison with data available from other relevant populations in the region, Jews were found to be more closely related to groups in the north of the Fertile Crescent. The authors also report on Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes, which are very frequent in Central and Eastern Europeans (54%–60%) at elevated frequency (12.7%) in Ashkenazi Jews. They hypothesized that the differences among Ashkenazim Jews could reflect low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation. A later 2005 study by Nebel et al., found a similar level of 11.5% of male Ashkenazim belonging to R1a1a (M17+), the dominant Y-chromosome haplogroup in Central and Eastern Europeans.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" } ]	In a 2010 study, what modern population is most closely related to the group that represents the majority of modern Jewry?	modern-day Italians	[]	Title: Anthropology Passage: Cyborg anthropology originated as a sub-focus group within the American Anthropological Association's annual meeting in 1993. The sub-group was very closely related to STS and the Society for the Social Studies of Science. Donna Haraway's 1985 Cyborg Manifesto could be considered the founding document of cyborg anthropology by first exploring the philosophical and sociological ramifications of the term. Cyborg anthropology studies humankind and its relations with the technological systems it has built, specifically modern technological systems that have reflexively shaped notions of what it means to be human beings. Title: Colony, Oklahoma Passage: Colony is a town in northeastern Washita County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 136 at the 2010 U.S. census, a decrease of 7.5 percent from 147 in 2000. It was named for the Seger Colony, founded in 1886, which taught modern agricultural techniques to the Arapaho and Cheyenne tribes that would be resettled in the vicinity. Colony is east and north of Cordell. Title: Russian language Passage: Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern Russia, Ukraine and Belarus trace their origins, established Old East Slavic as a literary and commercial language. It was soon followed by the adoption of Christianity in 988 and the introduction of the South Slavic Old Church Slavonic as the liturgical and official language. Borrowings and calques from Byzantine Greek began to enter the Old East Slavic and spoken dialects at this time, which in their turn modified the Old Church Slavonic as well. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationships among all major Jewish groups, including Ashkenazim, as well as the genetic relationship between these Jewish groups and non-Jewish ethnic populations. The study found that contemporary Jews (excluding Indian and Ethiopian Jews) have a close genetic relationship with people from the Levant. The authors explained that "the most parsimonious explanation for these observations is a common genetic origin, which is consistent with an historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant". Title: Ctenophora Passage: Since all modern ctenophores except the beroids have cydippid-like larvae, it has widely been assumed that their last common ancestor also resembled cydippids, having an egg-shaped body and a pair of retractable tentacles. Richard Harbison's purely morphological analysis in 1985 concluded that the cydippids are not monophyletic, in other words do not contain all and only the descendants of a single common ancestor that was itself a cydippid. Instead he found that various cydippid families were more similar to members of other ctenophore orders than to other cydippids. He also suggested that the last common ancestor of modern ctenophores was either cydippid-like or beroid-like. A molecular phylogeny analysis in 2001, using 26 species, including 4 recently discovered ones, confirmed that the cydippids are not monophyletic and concluded that the last common ancestor of modern ctenophores was cydippid-like. It also found that the genetic differences between these species were very small – so small that the relationships between the Lobata, Cestida and Thalassocalycida remained uncertain. This suggests that the last common ancestor of modern ctenophores was relatively recent, and perhaps was lucky enough to survive the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 65.5 million years ago while other lineages perished. When the analysis was broadened to include representatives of other phyla, it concluded that cnidarians are probably more closely related to bilaterians than either group is to ctenophores but that this diagnosis is uncertain. Title: Race (human categorization) Passage: Abu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates "the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity."[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the claim that present-day Jews are more closely related to one another than to neighbouring non-Jewish populations. Hammer et al. found that the degree of genetic similarity among Jews shifted depending on the locus investigated, and suggested that this was the result of natural selection acting on particular loci. They focused on the non-recombining Y-chromosome to "circumvent some of the complications associated with selection". Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group. The research demonstrates the endogamy of the Jewish population in Europe and lends further credence to the idea of Ashkenazi Jews as an ethnic group. Moreover, though intermarriage among Jews of Ashkenazi descent has become increasingly common, many Haredi Jews, particularly members of Hasidic or Hareidi sects, continue to marry exclusively fellow Ashkenazi Jews. This trend keeps Ashkenazi genes prevalent and also helps researchers further study the genes of Ashkenazi Jews with relative ease. It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2010 study on Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. stated "Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation of Ashkenazi Jewry", as both groups – the Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews – shared common ancestors in the Middle East about 2500 years ago. The study examines genetic markers spread across the entire genome and shows that the Jewish groups (Ashkenazi and non Ashkenazi) share large swaths of DNA, indicating close relationships and that each of the Jewish groups in the study (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek and Ashkenazi) has its own genetic signature but is more closely related to the other Jewish groups than to their fellow non-Jewish countrymen. Atzmon's team found that the SNP markers in genetic segments of 3 million DNA letters or longer were 10 times more likely to be identical among Jews than non-Jews. Results of the analysis also tally with biblical accounts of the fate of the Jews. The study also found that with respect to non-Jewish European groups, the population most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews are modern-day Italians. The study speculated that the genetic-similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be due to inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire. It was also found that any two Ashkenazi Jewish participants in the study shared about as much DNA as fourth or fifth cousins. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries. In comparison with data available from other relevant populations in the region, Jews were found to be more closely related to groups in the north of the Fertile Crescent. The authors also report on Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes, which are very frequent in Central and Eastern Europeans (54%–60%) at elevated frequency (12.7%) in Ashkenazi Jews. They hypothesized that the differences among Ashkenazim Jews could reflect low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation. A later 2005 study by Nebel et al., found a similar level of 11.5% of male Ashkenazim belonging to R1a1a (M17+), the dominant Y-chromosome haplogroup in Central and Eastern Europeans. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: Of the estimated 8.8 million Jews living in Europe at the beginning of World War II, the majority of whom were Ashkenazi, about 6 million – more than two-thirds – were systematically murdered in the Holocaust. These included 3 million of 3.3 million Polish Jews (91%); 900,000 of 1.5 million in Ukraine (60%); and 50–90% of the Jews of other Slavic nations, Germany, Hungary, and the Baltic states, and over 25% of the Jews in France. Sephardi communities suffered similar depletions in a few countries, including Greece, the Netherlands and the former Yugoslavia. As the large majority of the victims were Ashkenazi Jews, their percentage dropped from nearly 92% of world Jewry in 1931 to nearly 80% of world Jewry today. The Holocaust also effectively put an end to the dynamic development of the Yiddish language in the previous decades, as the vast majority of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, around 5 million, were Yiddish speakers. Many of the surviving Ashkenazi Jews emigrated to countries such as Israel, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and the United States after the war. Title: Orthodox Judaism Passage: Some scholars believe that Modern Orthodoxy arose from the religious and social realities of Western European Jewry. While most Jews consider Modern Orthodoxy traditional today, some (the hareidi and hasidic groups) within the Orthodox community consider some elements to be of questionable validity. The neo-Orthodox movement holds that Hirsch's views are not accurately followed by Modern Orthodoxy. [See Torah im Derech Eretz and Torah Umadda "Relationship with Torah im Derech Eretz" for a more extensive listing.] Title: Jews Passage: Studies of autosomal DNA, which look at the entire DNA mixture, have become increasingly important as the technology develops. They show that Jewish populations have tended to form relatively closely related groups in independent communities, with most in a community sharing significant ancestry in common. For Jewish populations of the diaspora, the genetic composition of Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and Mizrahi Jewish populations show a predominant amount of shared Middle Eastern ancestry. According to Behar, the most parsimonious explanation for this shared Middle Eastern ancestry is that it is "consistent with the historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant" and "the dispersion of the people of ancient Israel throughout the Old World". North African, Italian and others of Iberian origin show variable frequencies of admixture with non-Jewish historical host populations among the maternal lines. In the case of Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews (in particular Moroccan Jews), who are closely related, the source of non-Jewish admixture is mainly southern European, while Mizrahi Jews show evidence of admixture with other Middle Eastern populations and Sub-Saharan Africans. Behar et al. have remarked on an especially close relationship of Ashkenazi Jews and modern Italians. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A study of haplotypes of the Y-chromosome, published in 2000, addressed the paternal origins of Ashkenazi Jews. Hammer et al. found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population. This suggested that the male ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to the Middle East. The proportion of male genetic admixture in Ashkenazi Jews amounts to less than 0.5% per generation over an estimated 80 generations, with "relatively minor contribution of European Y chromosomes to the Ashkenazim," and a total admixture estimate "very similar to Motulsky's average estimate of 12.5%." This supported the finding that "Diaspora Jews from Europe, Northwest Africa, and the Near East resemble each other more closely than they resemble their non-Jewish neighbors." "Past research found that 50–80 percent of DNA from the Ashkenazi Y chromosome, which is used to trace the male lineage, originated in the Near East," Richards said. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2010 study by Bray et al., using SNP microarray techniques and linkage analysis found that when assuming Druze and Palestinian Arab populations to represent the reference to world Jewry ancestor genome, between 35 to 55 percent of the modern Ashkenazi genome can possibly be of European origin, and that European "admixture is considerably higher than previous estimates by studies that used the Y chromosome" with this reference point. Assuming this reference point the linkage disequilibrium in the Ashkenazi Jewish population was interpreted as "matches signs of interbreeding or 'admixture' between Middle Eastern and European populations". On the Bray et al. tree, Ashkenazi Jews were found to be a genetically more divergent population than Russians, Orcadians, French, Basques, Italians, Sardinians and Tuscans. The study also observed that Ashkenazim are more diverse than their Middle Eastern relatives, which was counterintuitive because Ashkenazim are supposed to be a subset, not a superset, of their assumed geographical source population. Bray et al. therefore postulate that these results reflect not the population antiquity but a history of mixing between genetically distinct populations in Europe. However, it's possible that the relaxation of marriage prescription in the ancestors of Ashkenazim that drove their heterozygosity up, while the maintenance of the FBD rule in native Middle Easterners have been keeping their heterozygosity values in check. Ashkenazim distinctiveness as found in the Bray et al. study, therefore, may come from their ethnic endogamy (ethnic inbreeding), which allowed them to "mine" their ancestral gene pool in the context of relative reproductive isolation from European neighbors, and not from clan endogamy (clan inbreeding). Consequently, their higher diversity compared to Middle Easterners stems from the latter's marriage practices, not necessarily from the former's admixture with Europeans. Title: Harpactes Passage: Two species, cinnamon-rumped and scarlet-rumped trogons, were previously classified in a separate genus, "Duvaucelius", and a 2010 study found that these two were closely related and formed a separate clade from all of the other "Harpactes" trogons (except orange-breasted trogon, which forms a third group), but recommended that all three groups should be treated as congeneric. This same study also found that the genus "Apalharpactes", containing two species sometimes included in "Harpactes", is actually distantly related and thus a valid genus. Title: Jews Passage: Y DNA studies tend to imply a small number of founders in an old population whose members parted and followed different migration paths. In most Jewish populations, these male line ancestors appear to have been mainly Middle Eastern. For example, Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with other Jewish and Middle Eastern groups than with non-Jewish populations in areas where Jews lived in Eastern Europe, Germany and the French Rhine Valley. This is consistent with Jewish traditions in placing most Jewish paternal origins in the region of the Middle East. Conversely, the maternal lineages of Jewish populations, studied by looking at mitochondrial DNA, are generally more heterogeneous. Scholars such as Harry Ostrer and Raphael Falk believe this indicates that many Jewish males found new mates from European and other communities in the places where they migrated in the diaspora after fleeing ancient Israel. In contrast, Behar has found evidence that about 40% of Ashkenazi Jews originate maternally from just four female founders, who were of Middle Eastern origin. The populations of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jewish communities "showed no evidence for a narrow founder effect." Subsequent studies carried out by Feder et al. confirmed the large portion of non-local maternal origin among Ashkenazi Jews. Reflecting on their findings related to the maternal origin of Ashkenazi Jews, the authors conclude "Clearly, the differences between Jews and non-Jews are far larger than those observed among the Jewish communities. Hence, differences between the Jewish communities can be overlooked when non-Jews are included in the comparisons." Title: Ctenophora Passage: Despite their soft, gelatinous bodies, fossils thought to represent ctenophores, apparently with no tentacles but many more comb-rows than modern forms, have been found in lagerstätten as far back as the early Cambrian, about 515 million years ago. The position of the ctenophores in the evolutionary family tree of animals has long been debated, and the majority view at present, based on molecular phylogenetics, is that cnidarians and bilaterians are more closely related to each other than either is to ctenophores. A recent molecular phylogenetics analysis concluded that the common ancestor of all modern ctenophores was cydippid-like, and that all the modern groups appeared relatively recently, probably after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago. Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that the "cydippids" are not monophyletic, in other words do not include all and only the descendants of a single common ancestor, because all the other traditional ctenophore groups are descendants of various cydippids. Title: The Bellarosa Connection Passage: The Bellarosa Connection is a 1989 novella by the American author Saul Bellow. The book takes the form of an ongoing dialogue between the Fonstein family about the impact of the Holocaust. This is an especially significant story as it represents, along with "Mr. Sammler's Planet", Bellow's most significant commentary on the Holocaust. In the book, the Bellarosa Connection signifies Billy Rose's Madison Square Garden benefit for the Jews of Europe on the most immediate level, but, more deeply, becomes a point of departure for Bellow to consider the American Jewish response to European Jews' experience during World War II. As Bellow's protagonist comes to grips with the past, his experience distances American Jewry's position from that of its European counterparts. The book moves then to Israel in order to present the three major homelands of the World's Jewry. Title: Jews Passage: Ashkenazi Jews represent the bulk of modern Jewry, with at least 70% of Jews worldwide (and up to 90% prior to World War II and the Holocaust). As a result of their emigration from Europe, Ashkenazim also represent the overwhelming majority of Jews in the New World continents, in countries such as the United States, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and Brazil. In France, the immigration of Jews from Algeria (Sephardim) has led them to outnumber the Ashkenazim. Only in Israel is the Jewish population representative of all groups, a melting pot independent of each group's proportion within the overall world Jewish population. Title: Orthodox Judaism Passage: On the other hand, Orthodox Jews subscribing to Modern Orthodoxy in its American and UK incarnations, tend to be far more right-wing than both non-orthodox and other orthodox Jews. While the overwhelming majority of non-Orthodox American Jews are on average strongly liberal and supporters of the Democratic Party, the Modern Orthodox subgroup of Orthodox Judaism tends to be far more conservative, with roughly half describing themselves as political conservatives, and are mostly Republican Party supporters. Modern Orthodox Jews, compared to both the non-Orthodox American Jewry and the Haredi and Hasidic Jewry, also tend to have a stronger connection to Israel due to their attachment to Zionism.	[ "Jews", "Ashkenazi Jews" ]
2hop__726717_610238	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edita Mazurevičiūtė (born 10 January 1996) is a track cyclist from Lithuania. She represented her nation at the 2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.", "title": "Edita Mazurevičiūtė" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "National Route 28 is a national highway connecting Kobe and Tokushima in Japan. It is the only national highway that traverses through Awaji Island as the route uses ferries to connect the two cities of Naruto, Tokushima and Akashi, Hyōgo.", "title": "Japan National Route 28" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "County Road 13 () runs between the village of Dragsvik in Balestrand municipality and the village of Moskog in Førde municipality in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. Until 2010 the long road was part of National Road 13 but administrative reforms passed this part of the road to the county. County Road 13 and a short section of County Road 55 are designated as one of eighteen National Tourist Routes in Norway. The road crosses the Gaularfjellet mountains.", "title": "Norwegian County Road 13" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "National Semifinals National Championship Game AT4 LSU 45 OA2 UCLA 59 OA2 UCLA 57 MI3 Florida 73 MI3 Florida 73 WA11 George Mason 58", "title": "2006 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "State Route 264 is a state highway in central Utah that connects Sanpete County to Carbon County through Flat Canyon, Boulger Canyon, Upper Huntington Canyon, and Eccles Canyon. It is part of The Energy Loop, a National Scenic Byway.", "title": "Utah State Route 264" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "CBS will broadcast Super Bowl LIII, as part of an annual cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL.", "title": "Super Bowl LIII" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "René Wenzel (born 20 April 1960, Copenhagen, Denmark) is a Danish cycle racing coach, working as a consultant. He is a former coach of USA Cycling's national junior team, Koege Cykel Ring in Denmark, and first cycling teacher at a sports college in Denmark, the Gentofte Studenter Kursus.", "title": "René Wenzel" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Circus Time was a variety program presented in the United States by television network ABC as part of its 1956-57 season.", "title": "Circus Time" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The N85 road is a national secondary road in Ireland connecting Ennis and Ennistymon. The route connects to the M18 Ennis bypass and forms part of the Ennis outer ring road as the \"N85 Western Relief Road\". From Ennis the route continues in a north - west direction and terminates at the junction with the N67 at Ennistymon. It is located entirely in County Clare.", "title": "N85 road (Ireland)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Great King () is a 1942 German drama film directed by Veit Harlan and starring Otto Gebühr. It depicts the life of Frederick the Great, who ruled Prussia from 1740 to 1786. It received the rare \"Film of the Nation\" distinction. It was part of a popular cycle of \"Prussian films\".", "title": "The Great King" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maunula (Finnish), Månsas (Swedish) is a northwestern neighborhood of Helsinki, Finland. For the 1952 Summer Olympics, it hosted part of the road cycling events.", "title": "Maunula" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The N25 road is a national primary road in Ireland, forming the route from Cork to Rosslare Europort via Waterford City. The road is part of the E30 European route and a short section is also part of the E01 European route. It forms part of the proposed Atlantic Corridor route.", "title": "N25 road (Ireland)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "National Cycle Route 57 is part of the United Kingdom's National Cycle Network. When complete, it will run west to east from Farmington, Gloucestershire near Northleach to Welwyn Garden City in Hertfordshire.", "title": "National Cycle Route 57" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "National Route A012 is a road in the southeast of Santa Fe Province, Argentina. It has a semi-circular length centered on the city of Rosario, running as a long-length beltway. From the National Route 9 junction on km marker 278, in the town of Pueblo Esther, to the junction with National Route 11 on km marker 326 in the city of San Lorenzo it runs for all paved.", "title": "National Route A012 (Argentina)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The National Cycle Network (NCN) is the national cycling route network of the United Kingdom, which was established to encourage cycling throughout Britain, as well as for the purposes of bicycle touring. It was created by the charity Sustrans who were aided by a £42.5 million National Lottery grant. In 2017, the 16,575 mile network was used for over 786 million trips.", "title": "National Cycle Network" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arkansas Highway 242 (AR 242, Hwy. 242) is an east–west state highway in Phillips County, Arkansas. The route of runs from Highway 44 near Helena-West Helena north through the city and through the St. Francis National Forest to Highway 1 near Lexa. A segment of the route is part of the Mississippi River Trail, essentially a bicycle-friendly version of the Great River Road.", "title": "Arkansas Highway 242" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A week is a time unit equal to seven days. It is the standard time period used for cycles of rest days in most parts of the world, mostly alongside -- although not strictly part of -- the Gregorian calendar.", "title": "Week" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Julien Dubuque Bridge crosses the Mississippi River. It joins the cities of Dubuque, Iowa, and East Dubuque, Illinois. The bridge is part of U.S. Route 20 route. It is one of two automobile bridges over the Mississippi in the area (the Dubuque–Wisconsin Bridge three miles (5 km) north links Dubuque with Wisconsin), and is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.", "title": "Julien Dubuque Bridge" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2008 Tour of Qatar was held from 27 January to 1 February 2008 in Qatar. It is a multiple stage road cycling race that took part over six stages with a total of 712.5 kilometres and is part of the 2007–2008 UCI Asia Tour.", "title": "2008 Tour of Qatar" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Men's Greco-Roman 57 kg at the 1984 Summer Olympics as part of the wrestling program were held at the Anaheim Convention Center, Anaheim, California.", "title": "Wrestling at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman 57 kg" } ]	What is the network which National Cycle Route 57 is part of an example of?	national cycling route network	[ "National cycling route network" ]	Title: The Great King Passage: The Great King () is a 1942 German drama film directed by Veit Harlan and starring Otto Gebühr. It depicts the life of Frederick the Great, who ruled Prussia from 1740 to 1786. It received the rare "Film of the Nation" distinction. It was part of a popular cycle of "Prussian films". Title: Japan National Route 28 Passage: National Route 28 is a national highway connecting Kobe and Tokushima in Japan. It is the only national highway that traverses through Awaji Island as the route uses ferries to connect the two cities of Naruto, Tokushima and Akashi, Hyōgo. Title: Julien Dubuque Bridge Passage: The Julien Dubuque Bridge crosses the Mississippi River. It joins the cities of Dubuque, Iowa, and East Dubuque, Illinois. The bridge is part of U.S. Route 20 route. It is one of two automobile bridges over the Mississippi in the area (the Dubuque–Wisconsin Bridge three miles (5 km) north links Dubuque with Wisconsin), and is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Title: National Cycle Network Passage: The National Cycle Network (NCN) is the national cycling route network of the United Kingdom, which was established to encourage cycling throughout Britain, as well as for the purposes of bicycle touring. It was created by the charity Sustrans who were aided by a £42.5 million National Lottery grant. In 2017, the 16,575 mile network was used for over 786 million trips. Title: René Wenzel Passage: René Wenzel (born 20 April 1960, Copenhagen, Denmark) is a Danish cycle racing coach, working as a consultant. He is a former coach of USA Cycling's national junior team, Koege Cykel Ring in Denmark, and first cycling teacher at a sports college in Denmark, the Gentofte Studenter Kursus. Title: Circus Time Passage: Circus Time was a variety program presented in the United States by television network ABC as part of its 1956-57 season. Title: Wrestling at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman 57 kg Passage: The Men's Greco-Roman 57 kg at the 1984 Summer Olympics as part of the wrestling program were held at the Anaheim Convention Center, Anaheim, California. Title: Utah State Route 264 Passage: State Route 264 is a state highway in central Utah that connects Sanpete County to Carbon County through Flat Canyon, Boulger Canyon, Upper Huntington Canyon, and Eccles Canyon. It is part of The Energy Loop, a National Scenic Byway. Title: Super Bowl LIII Passage: CBS will broadcast Super Bowl LIII, as part of an annual cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. Title: N85 road (Ireland) Passage: The N85 road is a national secondary road in Ireland connecting Ennis and Ennistymon. The route connects to the M18 Ennis bypass and forms part of the Ennis outer ring road as the "N85 Western Relief Road". From Ennis the route continues in a north - west direction and terminates at the junction with the N67 at Ennistymon. It is located entirely in County Clare. Title: Maunula Passage: Maunula (Finnish), Månsas (Swedish) is a northwestern neighborhood of Helsinki, Finland. For the 1952 Summer Olympics, it hosted part of the road cycling events. Title: 2008 Tour of Qatar Passage: The 2008 Tour of Qatar was held from 27 January to 1 February 2008 in Qatar. It is a multiple stage road cycling race that took part over six stages with a total of 712.5 kilometres and is part of the 2007–2008 UCI Asia Tour. Title: Arkansas Highway 242 Passage: Arkansas Highway 242 (AR 242, Hwy. 242) is an east–west state highway in Phillips County, Arkansas. The route of runs from Highway 44 near Helena-West Helena north through the city and through the St. Francis National Forest to Highway 1 near Lexa. A segment of the route is part of the Mississippi River Trail, essentially a bicycle-friendly version of the Great River Road. Title: Norwegian County Road 13 Passage: County Road 13 () runs between the village of Dragsvik in Balestrand municipality and the village of Moskog in Førde municipality in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. Until 2010 the long road was part of National Road 13 but administrative reforms passed this part of the road to the county. County Road 13 and a short section of County Road 55 are designated as one of eighteen National Tourist Routes in Norway. The road crosses the Gaularfjellet mountains. Title: Edita Mazurevičiūtė Passage: Edita Mazurevičiūtė (born 10 January 1996) is a track cyclist from Lithuania. She represented her nation at the 2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships. Title: Week Passage: A week is a time unit equal to seven days. It is the standard time period used for cycles of rest days in most parts of the world, mostly alongside -- although not strictly part of -- the Gregorian calendar. Title: N25 road (Ireland) Passage: The N25 road is a national primary road in Ireland, forming the route from Cork to Rosslare Europort via Waterford City. The road is part of the E30 European route and a short section is also part of the E01 European route. It forms part of the proposed Atlantic Corridor route. Title: National Route A012 (Argentina) Passage: National Route A012 is a road in the southeast of Santa Fe Province, Argentina. It has a semi-circular length centered on the city of Rosario, running as a long-length beltway. From the National Route 9 junction on km marker 278, in the town of Pueblo Esther, to the junction with National Route 11 on km marker 326 in the city of San Lorenzo it runs for all paved. Title: 2006 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament Passage: National Semifinals National Championship Game AT4 LSU 45 OA2 UCLA 59 OA2 UCLA 57 MI3 Florida 73 MI3 Florida 73 WA11 George Mason 58 Title: National Cycle Route 57 Passage: National Cycle Route 57 is part of the United Kingdom's National Cycle Network. When complete, it will run west to east from Farmington, Gloucestershire near Northleach to Welwyn Garden City in Hertfordshire.	[ "National Cycle Route 57", "National Cycle Network" ]
2hop__609313_20273	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Monument of Scotland, on Calton Hill in Edinburgh, is Scotland's national memorial to the Scottish soldiers and sailors who died fighting in the Napoleonic Wars. It was intended, according to the inscription, to be \"A Memorial of the Past and Incentive to the Future Heroism of the Men of Scotland\".The monument dominates the top of Calton Hill, just to the east of Princes Street. It was designed during 1823-6 by Charles Robert Cockerell and William Henry Playfair and is modelled upon the Parthenon in Athens. Construction started in 1826 and, due to the lack of funds, was left unfinished in 1829. This circumstance gave rise to various nicknames such as \"Scotland's Folly\", \"Edinburgh's Disgrace\", \"the Pride and Poverty of Scotland\" and \"Edinburgh's Folly\".", "title": "National Monument of Scotland" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The English Church was brought back under papal authority in 1553 and doctrinal and liturgical conformity at the beginning of the reign of Queen Mary I. The restoration of papal authority was celebrated by the majority of the nation and enforced by the Marian persecutions against Protestants. Her harshness was a success but at the cost of alienating a fairly large section of English society which had been moving away from some traditional Catholic devotional practices. The English it seems were quite caught up with the reforming movement on the Continent. At the time they were neither Calvinist nor Lutheran, but certainly leaning toward Protestantism (and by the late 16th century, were certainly Protestant).", "title": "Catholic Church in England and Wales" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The History of the Reformation in Scotland is a five-volume book written by the Scottish reformer, John Knox, between 1559 and 1566.", "title": "The History of the Reformation in Scotland" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George Washington Sprott (6 March 1829 – 27 October 1909) was Scottish minister and liturgical scholar, known as an advocate of reform of the services of the Church of Scotland, and of its reunion with the Free Church of Scotland.", "title": "George Washington Sprott" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While the Church of Scotland traces its roots back to the earliest Christians in Scotland, its identity was principally shaped by the Scottish Reformation of 1560. At that point, many in the then church in Scotland broke with Rome, in a process of Protestant reform led, among others, by John Knox. It reformed its doctrines and government, drawing on the principles of John Calvin which Knox had been exposed to while living in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1560, an assembly of some nobles, lairds and burgesses, as well as several churchmen, claiming in defiance of the Queen to be a Scottish Parliament, abolished papal jurisdiction and approved the Scots Confession, but did not accept many of the principles laid out in Knox's First Book of Discipline, which argued, among other things, that all of the assets of the old church should pass to the new. The 1560 Reformation Settlement was not ratified by the crown, as Mary I, a Catholic, refused to do so, and the question of church government also remained unresolved. In 1572 the acts of 1560 were finally approved by the young James VI, but the Concordat of Leith also allowed the crown to appoint bishops with the church's approval. John Knox himself had no clear views on the office of bishop, preferring to see them renamed as 'superintendents' which is a translation of the Greek; but in response to the new Concordat a Presbyterian party emerged headed by Andrew Melville, the author of the Second Book of Discipline.", "title": "Church of Scotland" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Frederick Jackson Turner Award, is given each year by the Organization of American Historians for an author's first book on American history.", "title": "Frederick Jackson Turner Award" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history. The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the ultimate court for criminal and civil matters in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and for civil matters in Scotland. (The supreme court for criminal matters in Scotland is the High Court of Justiciary.) The Supreme Court was established by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 with effect from 1 October 2009, replacing and assuming the judicial functions of the House of Lords. Devolution issues under the Scotland Act 1998, Government of Wales Act and Northern Ireland Act were also transferred to the new Supreme Court by the Constitutional Reform Act, from the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.", "title": "Supreme court" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scotland's and Northern Ireland's licensing laws have long been more flexible, allowing local authorities to set pub opening and closing times. In Scotland, this stemmed out of[clarification needed] a late repeal of the wartime licensing laws, which stayed in force until 1976.", "title": "Pub" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The roots of Presbyterianism lie in the European Reformation of the 16th century; the example of John Calvin's Geneva being particularly influential. Most Reformed churches which trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the twentieth century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, including the World Council of Churches. Many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists. Presbyterians in the United States came largely from Scotch-Irish immigrants communities, and also from New England Yankee communities that had originally been Congregational but changed because of an agreed-upon \"Plan of Union of 1801\" for frontier areas.", "title": "Presbyterianism" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the view of many associated with the Radical Reformation, the Magisterial Reformation had not gone far enough. Radical Reformer, Andreas von Bodenstein Karlstadt, for example, referred to the Lutheran theologians at Wittenberg as the \"new papists\". Since the term \"magister\" also means \"teacher\", the Magisterial Reformation is also characterized by an emphasis on the authority of a teacher. This is made evident in the prominence of Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli as leaders of the reform movements in their respective areas of ministry. Because of their authority, they were often criticized by Radical Reformers as being too much like the Roman Popes. A more political side of the Radical Reformation can be seen in the thought and practice of Hans Hut, although typically Anabaptism has been associated with pacifism.", "title": "Protestantism" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The British Isles lie at the juncture of several regions with past episodes of tectonic mountain building. These orogenic belts form a complex geology that records a huge and varied span of Earth's history. Of particular note was the Caledonian Orogeny during the Ordovician Period, c. 488–444 Ma and early Silurian period, when the craton Baltica collided with the terrane Avalonia to form the mountains and hills in northern Britain and Ireland. Baltica formed roughly the northwestern half of Ireland and Scotland. Further collisions caused the Variscan orogeny in the Devonian and Carboniferous periods, forming the hills of Munster, southwest England, and southern Wales. Over the last 500 million years the land that forms the islands has drifted northwest from around 30°S, crossing the equator around 370 million years ago to reach its present northern latitude.", "title": "British Isles" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lutherans were the first Protestant Church offering a dialogue to the Catholic Church in September 1964 in Reykjavík, Iceland. It resulted in joint study groups of several issues. The dialogue with the Methodist Church began October 1965, after its representatives officially applauded remarkable changes, friendship and cooperation of the past five years. The Reformed Churches entered four years later into a dialogue with the Catholic Church. The President of the Lutheran World Federation and member of the central committee of the World Council of Churches Fredrik A. Schiotz stated during the 450th anniversary of the Reformation, that earlier commemorations were viewed almost as a triumph. Reformation should be celebrated as a thanksgiving to God, his truth and his renewed life. He welcomed the announcement of Pope Paul VI to celebrate the 1900th anniversary of the death of the Apostle Peter and Apostle Paul, and promised the participation and cooperation in the festivities.", "title": "Pope Paul VI" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th - century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations. Presbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scotsman and a Roman Catholic Priest, who studied with Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland. He brought back Reformed teachings to Scotland. The Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom. In December 1560, the First Book of Discipline was published, outlining important doctrinal issues but also establishing regulations for church government, including the creation of ten ecclesiastical districts with appointed superintendents which later became known as presbyteries.", "title": "Presbyterianism" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John Knox (1505–1572), a Scot who had spent time studying under Calvin in Geneva, returned to Scotland and urged his countrymen to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines. After a period of religious convulsion and political conflict culminating in a victory for the Protestant party at the Siege of Leith the authority of the Church of Rome was abolished in favour of Reformation by the legislation of the Scottish Reformation Parliament in 1560. The Church was eventually organised by Andrew Melville along Presbyterian lines to become the national Church of Scotland. King James VI and I moved the Church of Scotland towards an episcopal form of government, and in 1637, James' successor, Charles I and William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, attempted to force the Church of Scotland to use the Book of Common Prayer. What resulted was an armed insurrection, with many Scots signing the Solemn League and Covenant. The Covenanters would serve as the government of Scotland for nearly a decade, and would also send military support to the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War. Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II, despite the initial support that he received from the Covenanters, reinstated an episcopal form of government on the church.", "title": "Presbyterianism" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For many years Arsenal's away colours were white shirts and either black or white shorts. In the 1969–70 season, Arsenal introduced an away kit of yellow shirts with blue shorts. This kit was worn in the 1971 FA Cup Final as Arsenal beat Liverpool to secure the double for the first time in their history. Arsenal reached the FA Cup final again the following year wearing the red and white home strip and were beaten by Leeds United. Arsenal then competed in three consecutive FA Cup finals between 1978 and 1980 wearing their \"lucky\" yellow and blue strip, which remained the club's away strip until the release of a green and navy away kit in 1982–83. The following season, Arsenal returned to the yellow and blue scheme, albeit with a darker shade of blue than before.", "title": "Arsenal F.C." }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crumbling Idols is a collection of 12 essays written and completed by Hamlin Garland in 1894. Garland was one of the most prominent American authors of the early 20th century, and contributed heavily to the literary movement known as American Realism. His work, \"Crumbling Idols\", expresses his views and manifesto as a veritist (realist) artist. In it, he repeatedly emphasizes the importance of a uniquely American literature, one that breaks away from tradition and the past and focuses on the present in order to depict reality through the artists own eyes.", "title": "Crumbling Idols" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In his work \"On the Jews and Their Lies\" (1543), German Reformation leader Martin Luther claims that Jewish history was \"assailed by much heresy\", and that Christ the logos swept away the Jewish heresy and goes on to do so, \"as it still does daily before our eyes.\" He stigmatizes Jewish Prayer as being \"blasphemous\" (sic) and a lie, and vilifies Jews in general as being spiritually \"blind\" and \"surely possessed by all devils.\" Luther calls the members of the Orthodox Catholic Church \"papists\" and heretics, and has a special spiritual problem with Jewish circumcision.", "title": "Heresy" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, was formed in 2006 with the merger of the new Museum of Scotland, with collections relating to Scottish antiquities, culture and history, and the adjacent Royal Museum (so renamed in 1995), with collections covering science and technology, natural history, and world cultures. The two connected buildings stand beside each other on Chambers Street, by the intersection with the George IV Bridge, in central Edinburgh. The museum is part of National Museums Scotland. Admission is free.", "title": "National Museum of Scotland" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tenancy Deposit Schemes (Scotland) Regulations 2011 came into force on 7 March 2011. Every landlord or letting agent that receives a deposit in Scotland must register with their local authority and join a tenancy deposit scheme.", "title": "Tenancy deposit schemes (Scotland)" } ]	What year did the author of History of the Reformation in Scotland die?	1572	[]	Title: Presbyterianism Passage: John Knox (1505–1572), a Scot who had spent time studying under Calvin in Geneva, returned to Scotland and urged his countrymen to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines. After a period of religious convulsion and political conflict culminating in a victory for the Protestant party at the Siege of Leith the authority of the Church of Rome was abolished in favour of Reformation by the legislation of the Scottish Reformation Parliament in 1560. The Church was eventually organised by Andrew Melville along Presbyterian lines to become the national Church of Scotland. King James VI and I moved the Church of Scotland towards an episcopal form of government, and in 1637, James' successor, Charles I and William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, attempted to force the Church of Scotland to use the Book of Common Prayer. What resulted was an armed insurrection, with many Scots signing the Solemn League and Covenant. The Covenanters would serve as the government of Scotland for nearly a decade, and would also send military support to the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War. Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II, despite the initial support that he received from the Covenanters, reinstated an episcopal form of government on the church. Title: Supreme court Passage: The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the ultimate court for criminal and civil matters in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and for civil matters in Scotland. (The supreme court for criminal matters in Scotland is the High Court of Justiciary.) The Supreme Court was established by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 with effect from 1 October 2009, replacing and assuming the judicial functions of the House of Lords. Devolution issues under the Scotland Act 1998, Government of Wales Act and Northern Ireland Act were also transferred to the new Supreme Court by the Constitutional Reform Act, from the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. Title: Heresy Passage: In his work "On the Jews and Their Lies" (1543), German Reformation leader Martin Luther claims that Jewish history was "assailed by much heresy", and that Christ the logos swept away the Jewish heresy and goes on to do so, "as it still does daily before our eyes." He stigmatizes Jewish Prayer as being "blasphemous" (sic) and a lie, and vilifies Jews in general as being spiritually "blind" and "surely possessed by all devils." Luther calls the members of the Orthodox Catholic Church "papists" and heretics, and has a special spiritual problem with Jewish circumcision. Title: The History of the Reformation in Scotland Passage: The History of the Reformation in Scotland is a five-volume book written by the Scottish reformer, John Knox, between 1559 and 1566. Title: Church of Scotland Passage: While the Church of Scotland traces its roots back to the earliest Christians in Scotland, its identity was principally shaped by the Scottish Reformation of 1560. At that point, many in the then church in Scotland broke with Rome, in a process of Protestant reform led, among others, by John Knox. It reformed its doctrines and government, drawing on the principles of John Calvin which Knox had been exposed to while living in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1560, an assembly of some nobles, lairds and burgesses, as well as several churchmen, claiming in defiance of the Queen to be a Scottish Parliament, abolished papal jurisdiction and approved the Scots Confession, but did not accept many of the principles laid out in Knox's First Book of Discipline, which argued, among other things, that all of the assets of the old church should pass to the new. The 1560 Reformation Settlement was not ratified by the crown, as Mary I, a Catholic, refused to do so, and the question of church government also remained unresolved. In 1572 the acts of 1560 were finally approved by the young James VI, but the Concordat of Leith also allowed the crown to appoint bishops with the church's approval. John Knox himself had no clear views on the office of bishop, preferring to see them renamed as 'superintendents' which is a translation of the Greek; but in response to the new Concordat a Presbyterian party emerged headed by Andrew Melville, the author of the Second Book of Discipline. Title: Frederick Jackson Turner Award Passage: The Frederick Jackson Turner Award, is given each year by the Organization of American Historians for an author's first book on American history. Title: Pope Paul VI Passage: The Lutherans were the first Protestant Church offering a dialogue to the Catholic Church in September 1964 in Reykjavík, Iceland. It resulted in joint study groups of several issues. The dialogue with the Methodist Church began October 1965, after its representatives officially applauded remarkable changes, friendship and cooperation of the past five years. The Reformed Churches entered four years later into a dialogue with the Catholic Church. The President of the Lutheran World Federation and member of the central committee of the World Council of Churches Fredrik A. Schiotz stated during the 450th anniversary of the Reformation, that earlier commemorations were viewed almost as a triumph. Reformation should be celebrated as a thanksgiving to God, his truth and his renewed life. He welcomed the announcement of Pope Paul VI to celebrate the 1900th anniversary of the death of the Apostle Peter and Apostle Paul, and promised the participation and cooperation in the festivities. Title: National Museum of Scotland Passage: The National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, was formed in 2006 with the merger of the new Museum of Scotland, with collections relating to Scottish antiquities, culture and history, and the adjacent Royal Museum (so renamed in 1995), with collections covering science and technology, natural history, and world cultures. The two connected buildings stand beside each other on Chambers Street, by the intersection with the George IV Bridge, in central Edinburgh. The museum is part of National Museums Scotland. Admission is free. Title: George Washington Sprott Passage: George Washington Sprott (6 March 1829 – 27 October 1909) was Scottish minister and liturgical scholar, known as an advocate of reform of the services of the Church of Scotland, and of its reunion with the Free Church of Scotland. Title: Tenancy deposit schemes (Scotland) Passage: The Tenancy Deposit Schemes (Scotland) Regulations 2011 came into force on 7 March 2011. Every landlord or letting agent that receives a deposit in Scotland must register with their local authority and join a tenancy deposit scheme. Title: Presbyterianism Passage: The roots of Presbyterianism lie in the European Reformation of the 16th century; the example of John Calvin's Geneva being particularly influential. Most Reformed churches which trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the twentieth century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, including the World Council of Churches. Many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists. Presbyterians in the United States came largely from Scotch-Irish immigrants communities, and also from New England Yankee communities that had originally been Congregational but changed because of an agreed-upon "Plan of Union of 1801" for frontier areas. Title: Presbyterianism Passage: Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th - century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations. Presbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scotsman and a Roman Catholic Priest, who studied with Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland. He brought back Reformed teachings to Scotland. The Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom. In December 1560, the First Book of Discipline was published, outlining important doctrinal issues but also establishing regulations for church government, including the creation of ten ecclesiastical districts with appointed superintendents which later became known as presbyteries. Title: Protestantism Passage: In the view of many associated with the Radical Reformation, the Magisterial Reformation had not gone far enough. Radical Reformer, Andreas von Bodenstein Karlstadt, for example, referred to the Lutheran theologians at Wittenberg as the "new papists". Since the term "magister" also means "teacher", the Magisterial Reformation is also characterized by an emphasis on the authority of a teacher. This is made evident in the prominence of Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli as leaders of the reform movements in their respective areas of ministry. Because of their authority, they were often criticized by Radical Reformers as being too much like the Roman Popes. A more political side of the Radical Reformation can be seen in the thought and practice of Hans Hut, although typically Anabaptism has been associated with pacifism. Title: Pub Passage: Scotland's and Northern Ireland's licensing laws have long been more flexible, allowing local authorities to set pub opening and closing times. In Scotland, this stemmed out of[clarification needed] a late repeal of the wartime licensing laws, which stayed in force until 1976. Title: National Monument of Scotland Passage: The National Monument of Scotland, on Calton Hill in Edinburgh, is Scotland's national memorial to the Scottish soldiers and sailors who died fighting in the Napoleonic Wars. It was intended, according to the inscription, to be "A Memorial of the Past and Incentive to the Future Heroism of the Men of Scotland".The monument dominates the top of Calton Hill, just to the east of Princes Street. It was designed during 1823-6 by Charles Robert Cockerell and William Henry Playfair and is modelled upon the Parthenon in Athens. Construction started in 1826 and, due to the lack of funds, was left unfinished in 1829. This circumstance gave rise to various nicknames such as "Scotland's Folly", "Edinburgh's Disgrace", "the Pride and Poverty of Scotland" and "Edinburgh's Folly". Title: Catholic Church in England and Wales Passage: The English Church was brought back under papal authority in 1553 and doctrinal and liturgical conformity at the beginning of the reign of Queen Mary I. The restoration of papal authority was celebrated by the majority of the nation and enforced by the Marian persecutions against Protestants. Her harshness was a success but at the cost of alienating a fairly large section of English society which had been moving away from some traditional Catholic devotional practices. The English it seems were quite caught up with the reforming movement on the Continent. At the time they were neither Calvinist nor Lutheran, but certainly leaning toward Protestantism (and by the late 16th century, were certainly Protestant). Title: British Isles Passage: The British Isles lie at the juncture of several regions with past episodes of tectonic mountain building. These orogenic belts form a complex geology that records a huge and varied span of Earth's history. Of particular note was the Caledonian Orogeny during the Ordovician Period, c. 488–444 Ma and early Silurian period, when the craton Baltica collided with the terrane Avalonia to form the mountains and hills in northern Britain and Ireland. Baltica formed roughly the northwestern half of Ireland and Scotland. Further collisions caused the Variscan orogeny in the Devonian and Carboniferous periods, forming the hills of Munster, southwest England, and southern Wales. Over the last 500 million years the land that forms the islands has drifted northwest from around 30°S, crossing the equator around 370 million years ago to reach its present northern latitude. Title: Arsenal F.C. Passage: For many years Arsenal's away colours were white shirts and either black or white shorts. In the 1969–70 season, Arsenal introduced an away kit of yellow shirts with blue shorts. This kit was worn in the 1971 FA Cup Final as Arsenal beat Liverpool to secure the double for the first time in their history. Arsenal reached the FA Cup final again the following year wearing the red and white home strip and were beaten by Leeds United. Arsenal then competed in three consecutive FA Cup finals between 1978 and 1980 wearing their "lucky" yellow and blue strip, which remained the club's away strip until the release of a green and navy away kit in 1982–83. The following season, Arsenal returned to the yellow and blue scheme, albeit with a darker shade of blue than before. Title: New York City Passage: New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history. The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance. Title: Crumbling Idols Passage: Crumbling Idols is a collection of 12 essays written and completed by Hamlin Garland in 1894. Garland was one of the most prominent American authors of the early 20th century, and contributed heavily to the literary movement known as American Realism. His work, "Crumbling Idols", expresses his views and manifesto as a veritist (realist) artist. In it, he repeatedly emphasizes the importance of a uniquely American literature, one that breaks away from tradition and the past and focuses on the present in order to depict reality through the artists own eyes.	[ "The History of the Reformation in Scotland", "Presbyterianism" ]
2hop__157498_127908	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dick Knost Show is a 2013 Canadian comedy film written and directed by Bruce Sweeney. The film stars Tom Scholte as Dick Knost, an opinionated loudmouth sports broadcaster who undergoes a personal transformation after suffering a concussion.", "title": "The Dick Knost Show" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isotopes Park is a minor league baseball stadium located in Albuquerque, New Mexico and is the home field of the Albuquerque Isotopes of the Pacific Coast League, the Triple-A affiliate of the Colorado Rockies. The facility was also previously used by the baseball program of the University of New Mexico. The stadium also hosts New Mexico United, an expansion team in the United Soccer League that began play in 2019.", "title": "Isotopes Park" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Daejeon Hanbat Baseball Stadium, also known as the Hanwha Life Insurance Eagles Park due to sponsorship reasons, is a baseball park in Daejeon, South Korea. The stadium is located in southern skirt of Daejeon, vicinity of Daejeon Station. Located in Daejeon Hanbat Sports Complex with other main sports facilities in Daejeon, it is currently used as home of Hanwha Eagles of Korea Professional Baseball League.", "title": "Daejeon Hanbat Baseball Stadium" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chicago White Stockings, (today's Chicago Cubs), began spring training in Hot Springs, Arkansas in 1886. President Albert Spalding (founder of Spalding Sporting Goods) and player/manager Cap Anson brought their players to Hot Springs and played at the Hot Springs Baseball Grounds. The concept was for the players to have training and fitness before the start of the regular season. After the White Stockings had a successful season in 1886, winning the National League Pennant, other teams began bringing their players to \"spring training\". The Chicago Cubs, St. Louis Browns, New York Yankees, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Spiders, Detroit Tigers, Pittsburgh Pirates, Cincinnati Reds, New York Highlanders, Brooklyn Dodgers and Boston Red Sox were among the early squads to arrive. Whittington Park (1894) and later Majestic Park (1909) and Fogel Field (1912) were all built in Hot Springs specifically to host Major League teams.", "title": "Chicago Cubs" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which has long been one of the major clubs fighting for the title in China top level league, CBA. Jiangsu Volleyball men and women teams are also traditionally considered as at top level in China volleyball league.", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Carolina is home to three major league sports franchises: the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League and the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association are based in Charlotte, while the Raleigh-based Carolina Hurricanes play in the National Hockey League. The Panthers and Hurricanes are the only two major professional sports teams that have the same geographical designation while playing in different metropolitan areas. The Hurricanes are the only major professional team from North Carolina to have won a league championship, having captured the Stanley Cup in 2006. North Carolina is also home to Charlotte Hounds of the Major League Lacrosse.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Three points for a win is a standard used in many sports leagues and group tournaments, especially in association football, in which three (rather than two) points are awarded to the team winning a match, with no points awarded to the losing team. If the game is drawn, each team receives one point. The system places additional value on wins compared to draws such that teams with a higher number of wins may rank higher in tables than teams with a lower number of wins but more draws.", "title": "Three points for a win" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Dick's Sporting Goods Park, also known as DSG Park, is a soccer-specific stadium located in Commerce City, Colorado that is home to the Colorado Rapids men's professional soccer team. The stadium seats up to 18,061 people for soccer matches, but can accommodate up to 19,734 for special soccer events and 27,000 for concerts. It became the third home venue for the Rapids upon its opening in 2007. Sitting at just over 5,200 feet above sea level, the stadium has the highest elevation of any stadium regularly used by MLS teams.", "title": "Dick's Sporting Goods Park" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rugby League Tri-Nations (known as the Gillette Tri-Nations for sponsorship reasons) was a rugby league tournament involving the top three teams in the sport: Australia, Great Britain and New Zealand and is the predecessor of today's Rugby League Four Nations.", "title": "Rugby League Tri-Nations" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sport Voetbal Centro Social Deportivo Barber is a Curaçao football team located in WestPunt municipality Barber, and playing in the Curaçao League First Division.", "title": "Centro Social Deportivo Barber" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Premier League Founded 20 February 1992 Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Chelsea (5th title) (2016 -- 17) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2017 -- 18 Premier League", "title": "Premier League" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer. The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues. Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882. The city has played host to over forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues, both current and historic. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area. Madison Square Garden, its predecessor, as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field, are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world, the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ivy League is a collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The conference name is also commonly used to refer to those eight schools as a group beyond the sports context. The eight institutions are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, and Yale University. The term Ivy League has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism.", "title": "Ivy League" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lehigh Valley IronPigs are a professional Minor League Baseball team that plays in the International League. The IronPigs are the Triple-A affiliate of the Philadelphia Phillies. The team plays their home games at Coca-Cola Park in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Coca-Cola Park, which opened for the start of the IronPigs' first season in 2008, seats up to 8,100, with a capacity of 10,000, and cost $50.25 million to complete. In 2016, \"Forbes\" listed the IronPigs as the fourth-most valuable Minor League Baseball team with a value of $43 million.", "title": "Lehigh Valley IronPigs" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "London's most popular sport is football and it has fourteen League football clubs, including five in the Premier League: Arsenal, Chelsea, Crystal Palace, Tottenham Hotspur, and West Ham United. Among other professional teams based in London include Fulham, Queens Park Rangers, Millwall and Charlton Athletic. In May 2012, Chelsea became the first London club to win the UEFA Champions League. Aside from Arsenal, Chelsea and Tottenham, none of the other London clubs have ever won the national league title.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Colorado Rapids are an American professional soccer club based in the Denver suburb of Commerce City, Colorado. The Rapids compete in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member of the Western Conference. The franchise began play in 1996 as one of the charter clubs in MLS.", "title": "Colorado Rapids" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Canadian Football League (CFL; French: Ligue canadienne de football, LCF) is a professional sports league in Canada. The CFL is the highest level of competition in Canadian football. Its nine teams, which are located in nine separate cities, are divided into two divisions: the East Division, with four teams, and the West Division with five teams.", "title": "Canadian Football League" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Premier League Founded 20 February 1992; 26 years ago (1992 - 02 - 20) Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Manchester City (3rd title) (2017 -- 18) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) Most appearances Gareth Barry (653) Top goalscorer Alan Shearer (260 goals) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2018 -- 19 Premier League", "title": "Premier League" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sports in the United States are an important part of American culture. Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL). The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined. Major League Soccer (MLS) is sometimes included in a ``top five ''of leagues of the country. All four enjoy wide - ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although American football does not have a substantial following in other nations. Three of those leagues have teams that represent Canadian cities, and all four are the most financially lucrative sports leagues of their sport. American football is the most popular sport in the United States followed by basketball, baseball, and soccer. Tennis, golf, wrestling, auto racing, arena football, field lacrosse, box lacrosse and volleyball are also popular sports in the country.", "title": "Sports in the United States" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nestor Morales Stadium is a baseball stadium in Humacao, Puerto Rico. The stadium, located at the Osvaldo Gil Bosch sports complex, is also used for soccer by the Grises de Humacao double A baseball team and the Tornados de Humacao who play in the Puerto Rico Soccer League.", "title": "Nestor Morales Stadium" } ]	What league does the team that uses Dick's Sporting Goods Park play for?	Major League Soccer	[ "MLS" ]	Title: Premier League Passage: Premier League Founded 20 February 1992; 26 years ago (1992 - 02 - 20) Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Manchester City (3rd title) (2017 -- 18) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) Most appearances Gareth Barry (653) Top goalscorer Alan Shearer (260 goals) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2018 -- 19 Premier League Title: Centro Social Deportivo Barber Passage: Sport Voetbal Centro Social Deportivo Barber is a Curaçao football team located in WestPunt municipality Barber, and playing in the Curaçao League First Division. Title: London Passage: London's most popular sport is football and it has fourteen League football clubs, including five in the Premier League: Arsenal, Chelsea, Crystal Palace, Tottenham Hotspur, and West Ham United. Among other professional teams based in London include Fulham, Queens Park Rangers, Millwall and Charlton Athletic. In May 2012, Chelsea became the first London club to win the UEFA Champions League. Aside from Arsenal, Chelsea and Tottenham, none of the other London clubs have ever won the national league title. Title: Colorado Rapids Passage: The Colorado Rapids are an American professional soccer club based in the Denver suburb of Commerce City, Colorado. The Rapids compete in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member of the Western Conference. The franchise began play in 1996 as one of the charter clubs in MLS. Title: Three points for a win Passage: Three points for a win is a standard used in many sports leagues and group tournaments, especially in association football, in which three (rather than two) points are awarded to the team winning a match, with no points awarded to the losing team. If the game is drawn, each team receives one point. The system places additional value on wins compared to draws such that teams with a higher number of wins may rank higher in tables than teams with a lower number of wins but more draws. Title: Sports in the United States Passage: Sports in the United States are an important part of American culture. Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL). The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined. Major League Soccer (MLS) is sometimes included in a ``top five ''of leagues of the country. All four enjoy wide - ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although American football does not have a substantial following in other nations. Three of those leagues have teams that represent Canadian cities, and all four are the most financially lucrative sports leagues of their sport. American football is the most popular sport in the United States followed by basketball, baseball, and soccer. Tennis, golf, wrestling, auto racing, arena football, field lacrosse, box lacrosse and volleyball are also popular sports in the country. Title: Canadian Football League Passage: The Canadian Football League (CFL; French: Ligue canadienne de football, LCF) is a professional sports league in Canada. The CFL is the highest level of competition in Canadian football. Its nine teams, which are located in nine separate cities, are divided into two divisions: the East Division, with four teams, and the West Division with five teams. Title: Nanjing Passage: As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which has long been one of the major clubs fighting for the title in China top level league, CBA. Jiangsu Volleyball men and women teams are also traditionally considered as at top level in China volleyball league. Title: Premier League Passage: Premier League Founded 20 February 1992 Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Chelsea (5th title) (2016 -- 17) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2017 -- 18 Premier League Title: Lehigh Valley IronPigs Passage: The Lehigh Valley IronPigs are a professional Minor League Baseball team that plays in the International League. The IronPigs are the Triple-A affiliate of the Philadelphia Phillies. The team plays their home games at Coca-Cola Park in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Coca-Cola Park, which opened for the start of the IronPigs' first season in 2008, seats up to 8,100, with a capacity of 10,000, and cost $50.25 million to complete. In 2016, "Forbes" listed the IronPigs as the fourth-most valuable Minor League Baseball team with a value of $43 million. Title: North Carolina Passage: North Carolina is home to three major league sports franchises: the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League and the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association are based in Charlotte, while the Raleigh-based Carolina Hurricanes play in the National Hockey League. The Panthers and Hurricanes are the only two major professional sports teams that have the same geographical designation while playing in different metropolitan areas. The Hurricanes are the only major professional team from North Carolina to have won a league championship, having captured the Stanley Cup in 2006. North Carolina is also home to Charlotte Hounds of the Major League Lacrosse. Title: Isotopes Park Passage: Isotopes Park is a minor league baseball stadium located in Albuquerque, New Mexico and is the home field of the Albuquerque Isotopes of the Pacific Coast League, the Triple-A affiliate of the Colorado Rockies. The facility was also previously used by the baseball program of the University of New Mexico. The stadium also hosts New Mexico United, an expansion team in the United Soccer League that began play in 2019. Title: Rugby League Tri-Nations Passage: The Rugby League Tri-Nations (known as the Gillette Tri-Nations for sponsorship reasons) was a rugby league tournament involving the top three teams in the sport: Australia, Great Britain and New Zealand and is the predecessor of today's Rugby League Four Nations. Title: New York City Passage: New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer. The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues. Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882. The city has played host to over forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues, both current and historic. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area. Madison Square Garden, its predecessor, as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field, are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world, the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps. Title: Daejeon Hanbat Baseball Stadium Passage: The Daejeon Hanbat Baseball Stadium, also known as the Hanwha Life Insurance Eagles Park due to sponsorship reasons, is a baseball park in Daejeon, South Korea. The stadium is located in southern skirt of Daejeon, vicinity of Daejeon Station. Located in Daejeon Hanbat Sports Complex with other main sports facilities in Daejeon, it is currently used as home of Hanwha Eagles of Korea Professional Baseball League. Title: Ivy League Passage: The Ivy League is a collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The conference name is also commonly used to refer to those eight schools as a group beyond the sports context. The eight institutions are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, and Yale University. The term Ivy League has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism. Title: Chicago Cubs Passage: The Chicago White Stockings, (today's Chicago Cubs), began spring training in Hot Springs, Arkansas in 1886. President Albert Spalding (founder of Spalding Sporting Goods) and player/manager Cap Anson brought their players to Hot Springs and played at the Hot Springs Baseball Grounds. The concept was for the players to have training and fitness before the start of the regular season. After the White Stockings had a successful season in 1886, winning the National League Pennant, other teams began bringing their players to "spring training". The Chicago Cubs, St. Louis Browns, New York Yankees, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Spiders, Detroit Tigers, Pittsburgh Pirates, Cincinnati Reds, New York Highlanders, Brooklyn Dodgers and Boston Red Sox were among the early squads to arrive. Whittington Park (1894) and later Majestic Park (1909) and Fogel Field (1912) were all built in Hot Springs specifically to host Major League teams. Title: Dick's Sporting Goods Park Passage: Dick's Sporting Goods Park, also known as DSG Park, is a soccer-specific stadium located in Commerce City, Colorado that is home to the Colorado Rapids men's professional soccer team. The stadium seats up to 18,061 people for soccer matches, but can accommodate up to 19,734 for special soccer events and 27,000 for concerts. It became the third home venue for the Rapids upon its opening in 2007. Sitting at just over 5,200 feet above sea level, the stadium has the highest elevation of any stadium regularly used by MLS teams. Title: The Dick Knost Show Passage: The Dick Knost Show is a 2013 Canadian comedy film written and directed by Bruce Sweeney. The film stars Tom Scholte as Dick Knost, an opinionated loudmouth sports broadcaster who undergoes a personal transformation after suffering a concussion. Title: Nestor Morales Stadium Passage: Nestor Morales Stadium is a baseball stadium in Humacao, Puerto Rico. The stadium, located at the Osvaldo Gil Bosch sports complex, is also used for soccer by the Grises de Humacao double A baseball team and the Tornados de Humacao who play in the Puerto Rico Soccer League.	[ "Dick's Sporting Goods Park", "Colorado Rapids" ]
2hop__85931_108632	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sakura is a full-length album from electronic artist Susumu Yokota, released in 1999 in Japan on Skintone (STR03) and on 11 September 2000 in the United Kingdom on The Leaf Label (BAY13). It was named as the top electronic release of the year 2000 by The Wire.", "title": "Sakura (Susumu Yokota album)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Vito Andolini Corleone is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel \"The Godfather\" and in the first two of Francis Ford Coppola's film trilogy. He is portrayed by Marlon Brando in \"The Godfather\" and then, as a young man, by Robert De Niro in \"The Godfather Part II\". He is an orphaned Sicilian immigrant who builds a Mafia empire. Upon his death, Michael, his youngest son, succeeds him as the don of the Corleone crime family.", "title": "Vito Corleone" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1945, at his daughter Connie's wedding, Vito Corleone hears requests in his role as the Godfather, the Don of a New York crime family. Vito's youngest son, Michael, who was a Marine during World War II, introduces his girlfriend, Kay Adams, to his family at the reception. Johnny Fontane, a famous singer and Vito's godson, seeks Vito's help in securing a movie role; Vito dispatches his consigliere, Tom Hagen, to Los Angeles to persuade studio head Jack Woltz to give Johnny the part. Woltz refuses until he wakes up in bed with the severed head of his prized stallion.", "title": "The Godfather" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louis Dorley, better known as Louis Logic, is a Brooklyn, New York based underground hip-hop emcee. He released three full-length studio albums as a solo artist, one album as The Odd Couple with Jay Love and is a former member of the Demigodz, appearing on a number of tracks on the Godz Must Be Crazy EP. In 2006, he made his arrangement with longtime producer J.J. Brown official. Their last album together was released under the artist name \"louis logic & J.J. Brown.\"", "title": "Louis Logic" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maria Borges (born 28 October 1992) is an Angolan model. She was named \"Forbes Africa Magazine's\" top model of 2013. She is a Riccardo Tisci favorite and calls him her \"godfather\".", "title": "Maria Borges" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States Department of War, also called the War Department (and occasionally War Office in the early years), was the United States Cabinet department originally responsible for the operation and maintenance of the United States Army, also bearing responsibility for naval affairs until the establishment of the Navy Department in 1798, and for most land - based air forces until the creation of the Department of the Air Force on September 18, 1947.", "title": "United States Department of War" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thomas ``Tom ''Hagen is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel Godfather and Francis Ford Coppola's films The Godfather and The Godfather Part II. He is portrayed by Robert Duvall in the films.", "title": "Tom Hagen" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Film Release date Revenue Rank Budget Reference North America Other territories Worldwide All time North America All time worldwide The Godfather March 15, 1972 $134,966,411 $110,100,000 $245,066,411 # 310 # 23 # 398 $6,500,000 The Godfather Part II December 20, 1974 $57,300,000 $135,700,000 $193,000,000 # 1,416 - $13,000,000 The Godfather Part III December 25, 1990 $66,666,062 $70,100,000 $136,766,062 # 947 - $54,000,000 Total $7008258932473000000 ♠ 258 932 473 $7008315900000000000 ♠ 315 900 000 $7008574832473000000 ♠ 574 832 473 - - $73,500,000 List indicator (s) indicates the adjusted totals based on current ticket prices (calculated by Box Office Mojo).", "title": "The Godfather (film series)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Schmidt Artist Lofts, located in the West Seventh neighborhood of Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, was originally built to brew beer for Schmidt Brewery. The Schmidt Brewery was vacant for 11 years until a massive community and developer effort resulted in a plan for a revitalization of the brewery's historic building into the creation of the Schmidt Artist Lofts in 2013.", "title": "Schmidt Artist Lofts" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Louis Sobieski was born on 2 November 1667 in Paris, France. He was named after his grandfather Jakub Sobieski, his godfather Louis XIV of France and his godmother Henrietta Maria of France. In 1683, the fifteen-year-old prince fought alongside his father against the Turks at the Battle of Vienna. James was a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece.", "title": "James Louis Sobieski" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giovanni ``Nino ''Rota (3 December 1911 -- 10 April 1979) was an Italian composer, pianist, conductor and academic who is best known for his film scores, notably for the films of Federico Fellini and Luchino Visconti. He also composed the music for two of Franco Zeffirelli's Shakespeare films, and for the first two films of Francis Ford Coppola's Godfather trilogy, receiving the Academy Award for Best Original Score for The Godfather Part II (1974).", "title": "Nino Rota" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ministry of Finance of Egypt is part of the Cabinet of Egypt. It is responsible for increasing the rate of economic growth and job creation, thus contributing to raising the standard of living of the individual and society as a whole. The current minister is Amr El-Garhy. It is located in Ministry of Finance Towers, Nasr City.", "title": "Ministry of Finance (Egypt)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister has the right to appoint a maximum of three such ministers, as the limit of ministers in one government is fifteen. It is also known as the cabinet. The cabinet carries out the country's domestic and foreign policy, shaped by parliament; it directs and co-ordinates the work of government institutions and bears full responsibility for everything occurring within the authority of executive power. The government, headed by the Prime Minister, thus represents the political leadership of the country and makes decisions in the name of the whole executive power.", "title": "Estonia" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Il figlioccio del padrino (\"The Godson of the Godfather\") is a 1973 Italian comedy film directed by Mariano Laurenti. A parody of \"The Godfather\", it was mainly shot in Acireale. The film got a good commercial success, grossing about 500 million lire.", "title": "Il figlioccio del padrino" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Benjamin Franklin Ficklin (1827–1871) was a graduate of the Virginia Military Institute, Class of 1849. He is famous for his help in starting the Pony Express and for establishing other stage coach and mail routes in the United States during the nineteenth century. Ficklin was also one of the people responsible for the creation of the Pacific Telegraph Company in 1861.", "title": "Benjamin Franklin Ficklin" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in London, Felix Moscheles was the son of the well-known pianist and music teacher Ignaz Moscheles and husband of the painter Margaret Moscheles. His godfather, after whom he was named, was the composer Felix Mendelssohn.", "title": "Felix Moscheles" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles Louis Brown (August 22, 1936 – May 16, 2012) was an American guitarist, bandleader and singer who has garnered the honorific nickname \"The Godfather of Go-Go\". Go-go is a subgenre of funk music developed in and around the Washington metropolitan area in the mid-1970s. While its musical classification, influences, and origins are debated, Brown is regarded as the fundamental force behind the creation of go-go music.", "title": "Chuck Brown" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chetan is a common Indian and Nepalese first name for males. The Hindi word means' Spirit Full 'or' Full of Consciousness'; the name is derived from the Sanskrit word 'Chaitanya'.", "title": "Chetan (name)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Holy Family with the Dragonfly, also known as The Holy Family with the Mayfly, The Holy Family with the Locust and The Holy Family with the Butterfly is an engraving by the German artist Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528) from approximately 1495. It is quite small but full of intricate detail. A very popular image, copied by other printmakers within five years of creation, it is found in most major print room collections, including the Indianapolis Museum of Art and the UK Royal Collection.", "title": "The Holy Family with the Dragonfly" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Artery Foundation is a full-service management company based in California and founded in 2004. The Artery Foundation represents, finds, supports and manages various entertainment artists.", "title": "The Artery Foundation" } ]	Who created the main character of The Godfather?	Mario Puzo	[]	Title: United States Department of War Passage: The United States Department of War, also called the War Department (and occasionally War Office in the early years), was the United States Cabinet department originally responsible for the operation and maintenance of the United States Army, also bearing responsibility for naval affairs until the establishment of the Navy Department in 1798, and for most land - based air forces until the creation of the Department of the Air Force on September 18, 1947. Title: James Louis Sobieski Passage: James Louis Sobieski was born on 2 November 1667 in Paris, France. He was named after his grandfather Jakub Sobieski, his godfather Louis XIV of France and his godmother Henrietta Maria of France. In 1683, the fifteen-year-old prince fought alongside his father against the Turks at the Battle of Vienna. James was a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece. Title: The Godfather Passage: In 1945, at his daughter Connie's wedding, Vito Corleone hears requests in his role as the Godfather, the Don of a New York crime family. Vito's youngest son, Michael, who was a Marine during World War II, introduces his girlfriend, Kay Adams, to his family at the reception. Johnny Fontane, a famous singer and Vito's godson, seeks Vito's help in securing a movie role; Vito dispatches his consigliere, Tom Hagen, to Los Angeles to persuade studio head Jack Woltz to give Johnny the part. Woltz refuses until he wakes up in bed with the severed head of his prized stallion. Title: The Godfather (film series) Passage: Film Release date Revenue Rank Budget Reference North America Other territories Worldwide All time North America All time worldwide The Godfather March 15, 1972 $134,966,411 $110,100,000 $245,066,411 # 310 # 23 # 398 $6,500,000 The Godfather Part II December 20, 1974 $57,300,000 $135,700,000 $193,000,000 # 1,416 - $13,000,000 The Godfather Part III December 25, 1990 $66,666,062 $70,100,000 $136,766,062 # 947 - $54,000,000 Total $7008258932473000000 ♠ 258 932 473 $7008315900000000000 ♠ 315 900 000 $7008574832473000000 ♠ 574 832 473 - - $73,500,000 List indicator (s) indicates the adjusted totals based on current ticket prices (calculated by Box Office Mojo). Title: Nino Rota Passage: Giovanni ``Nino ''Rota (3 December 1911 -- 10 April 1979) was an Italian composer, pianist, conductor and academic who is best known for his film scores, notably for the films of Federico Fellini and Luchino Visconti. He also composed the music for two of Franco Zeffirelli's Shakespeare films, and for the first two films of Francis Ford Coppola's Godfather trilogy, receiving the Academy Award for Best Original Score for The Godfather Part II (1974). Title: Tom Hagen Passage: Thomas ``Tom ''Hagen is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel Godfather and Francis Ford Coppola's films The Godfather and The Godfather Part II. He is portrayed by Robert Duvall in the films. Title: Benjamin Franklin Ficklin Passage: Benjamin Franklin Ficklin (1827–1871) was a graduate of the Virginia Military Institute, Class of 1849. He is famous for his help in starting the Pony Express and for establishing other stage coach and mail routes in the United States during the nineteenth century. Ficklin was also one of the people responsible for the creation of the Pacific Telegraph Company in 1861. Title: Il figlioccio del padrino Passage: Il figlioccio del padrino ("The Godson of the Godfather") is a 1973 Italian comedy film directed by Mariano Laurenti. A parody of "The Godfather", it was mainly shot in Acireale. The film got a good commercial success, grossing about 500 million lire. Title: Chetan (name) Passage: Chetan is a common Indian and Nepalese first name for males. The Hindi word means' Spirit Full 'or' Full of Consciousness'; the name is derived from the Sanskrit word 'Chaitanya'. Title: Maria Borges Passage: Maria Borges (born 28 October 1992) is an Angolan model. She was named "Forbes Africa Magazine's" top model of 2013. She is a Riccardo Tisci favorite and calls him her "godfather". Title: Schmidt Artist Lofts Passage: The Schmidt Artist Lofts, located in the West Seventh neighborhood of Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, was originally built to brew beer for Schmidt Brewery. The Schmidt Brewery was vacant for 11 years until a massive community and developer effort resulted in a plan for a revitalization of the brewery's historic building into the creation of the Schmidt Artist Lofts in 2013. Title: The Holy Family with the Dragonfly Passage: The Holy Family with the Dragonfly, also known as The Holy Family with the Mayfly, The Holy Family with the Locust and The Holy Family with the Butterfly is an engraving by the German artist Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528) from approximately 1495. It is quite small but full of intricate detail. A very popular image, copied by other printmakers within five years of creation, it is found in most major print room collections, including the Indianapolis Museum of Art and the UK Royal Collection. Title: Vito Corleone Passage: Vito Andolini Corleone is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel "The Godfather" and in the first two of Francis Ford Coppola's film trilogy. He is portrayed by Marlon Brando in "The Godfather" and then, as a young man, by Robert De Niro in "The Godfather Part II". He is an orphaned Sicilian immigrant who builds a Mafia empire. Upon his death, Michael, his youngest son, succeeds him as the don of the Corleone crime family. Title: Felix Moscheles Passage: Born in London, Felix Moscheles was the son of the well-known pianist and music teacher Ignaz Moscheles and husband of the painter Margaret Moscheles. His godfather, after whom he was named, was the composer Felix Mendelssohn. Title: Estonia Passage: The Prime Minister has the right to appoint a maximum of three such ministers, as the limit of ministers in one government is fifteen. It is also known as the cabinet. The cabinet carries out the country's domestic and foreign policy, shaped by parliament; it directs and co-ordinates the work of government institutions and bears full responsibility for everything occurring within the authority of executive power. The government, headed by the Prime Minister, thus represents the political leadership of the country and makes decisions in the name of the whole executive power. Title: Chuck Brown Passage: Charles Louis Brown (August 22, 1936 – May 16, 2012) was an American guitarist, bandleader and singer who has garnered the honorific nickname "The Godfather of Go-Go". Go-go is a subgenre of funk music developed in and around the Washington metropolitan area in the mid-1970s. While its musical classification, influences, and origins are debated, Brown is regarded as the fundamental force behind the creation of go-go music. Title: The Artery Foundation Passage: The Artery Foundation is a full-service management company based in California and founded in 2004. The Artery Foundation represents, finds, supports and manages various entertainment artists. Title: Ministry of Finance (Egypt) Passage: The Ministry of Finance of Egypt is part of the Cabinet of Egypt. It is responsible for increasing the rate of economic growth and job creation, thus contributing to raising the standard of living of the individual and society as a whole. The current minister is Amr El-Garhy. It is located in Ministry of Finance Towers, Nasr City. Title: Louis Logic Passage: Louis Dorley, better known as Louis Logic, is a Brooklyn, New York based underground hip-hop emcee. He released three full-length studio albums as a solo artist, one album as The Odd Couple with Jay Love and is a former member of the Demigodz, appearing on a number of tracks on the Godz Must Be Crazy EP. In 2006, he made his arrangement with longtime producer J.J. Brown official. Their last album together was released under the artist name "louis logic & J.J. Brown." Title: Sakura (Susumu Yokota album) Passage: Sakura is a full-length album from electronic artist Susumu Yokota, released in 1999 in Japan on Skintone (STR03) and on 11 September 2000 in the United Kingdom on The Leaf Label (BAY13). It was named as the top electronic release of the year 2000 by The Wire.	[ "Vito Corleone", "The Godfather" ]
2hop__67660_81007	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bob Saget as Future Ted Mosby (voice only, uncredited), Ted's future self, telling his children the story of how he met their mother, in the year 2030.", "title": "How I Met Your Mother" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chai was born on April 15, 1966, in Rizhao, in Shandong, China. Both Chai's mother and father had been doctors in the People's Liberation Army during the 1950s. Chai is the eldest of four children. In 1983, Chai Ling began her education at Peking University where she eventually earned a BA in psychology. Chai met her future husband, Feng Congde, in January 1987. She became aware of Feng after his arrest on January 1, 1987 for his participation in a democracy demonstration, and met him a few days later on her way to the university library. Chai and Feng were married in the spring of 1988, though they were forced to alter their identification because they failed to meet the age requirements to be legally married. After their wedding, Chai was accepted as a graduate student at the Child Psychology Institute of Beijing Normal University. Chai and Feng became increasingly distant over the course of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, and their marriage ended in divorce soon after the movement ended.", "title": "Chai Ling" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tracy McConnell (colloquial: ``The Mother '') is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers '', as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti.", "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jennifer Marie Morrison (born April 12, 1979) is an American actress, producer, director, and former child model. She is known for her roles as Dr. Allison Cameron in the medical - drama series House (2004 -- 2012) and Emma Swan in the ABC adventure - fantasy series Once Upon a Time (2011 -- 2017). She also has portrayed Zoey Pierson, one of Ted Mosby's love interests on the comedy series How I Met Your Mother; Winona Kirk, mother of James T. Kirk in the 2009 science - fiction film Star Trek; and Tess Conlon in the 2011 sports drama film Warrior.", "title": "Jennifer Morrison" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first season of How I Met Your Mother, an American sitcom created by Carter Bays and Craig Thomas, premiered on CBS in the United States on September 19, 2005 and concluded on May 15, 2006. The season was directed by Pamela Fryman and produced by Bays & Thomas Productions and 20th Century Fox Television. It consists of 22 episodes, each running approximately 22 minutes in length.", "title": "How I Met Your Mother (season 1)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacoba Francisca Maria ``Cobie ''Smulders (born April 3, 1982) is a Canadian actress and model. She is best known for her roles as Robin Scherbatsky on the television series How I Met Your Mother (2005 -- 2014) and Maria Hill in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.", "title": "Cobie Smulders" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theodore Evelyn Mosby is a fictional character and the main protagonist in the U.S. television sitcom How I Met Your Mother, portrayed by Josh Radnor. Ted also serves as the show's narrator from the future, voiced by Bob Saget, as he tells his children the ``long version ''of how he met their mother.", "title": "Ted Mosby" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theodore Evelyn ``Ted ''Mosby is a fictional character and the main protagonist in the U.S. television sitcom How I Met Your Mother, portrayed by Josh Radnor. Ted also serves as the show's narrator from the future, voiced by Bob Saget, as he tells his children the`` long version'' of how he met their mother.", "title": "Ted Mosby" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shelby Corcoran is a recurring fictional character from the Fox musical comedy-drama series \"Glee\". Portrayed by actress Idina Menzel, Shelby was introduced in the fourteenth episode of the show as the coach of Vocal Adrenaline, a rival show choir to New Directions, the show's primary musical group. Fans had lobbied for Menzel to be cast as Rachel Berry's (Lea Michele) biological mother, due to the strong physical resemblance between Menzel and Michele. After it is revealed that Shelby is, in fact, Rachel's biological mother, Shelby discloses that she had signed a contract that stated that she could not seek out her daughter until she was eighteen. She tells Rachel that instead of trying to act like mother and daughter, they should just be grateful that they have met, and maintain their distance.", "title": "Shelby Corcoran" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Nothing Suits Me Like a Suit\" is a song performed by Neil Patrick Harris and the cast of the comedy series \"How I Met Your Mother\" from the 100th episode \"Girls Versus Suits\". Carter Bays and Craig Thomas were nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics for writing the song.", "title": "Nothing Suits Me Like a Suit" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Mark Fagerbakke (/ ˈfeɪɡərbɑːki /; born October 4, 1957) is an American actor and voice actor. He is best known for his long - running roles as Patrick Star in the animated series SpongeBob SquarePants and Michael ``Dauber ''Dybinski on the sitcom Coach. He also appeared in 12 episodes of the sitcom How I Met Your Mother as Marshall Eriksen's father Marvin.", "title": "Bill Fagerbakke" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Karma ''How I Met Your Mother episode Episode no. Season 7 Episode 18 Directed by Pamela Fryman Written by Stephen Lloyd Production code 7ALH18 Original air date February 27, 2012 (2012 - 02 - 27) Recurring / Guest appearances Becki Newton (Quinn / Karma) Ellen D. Williams (Patrice) Episode chronology ← Previous`` No Pressure'' Next → ``The Broath ''", "title": "Karma (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marshall Eriksen How I Met Your Mother character Jason Segel in 2011 First appearance ``Pilot ''Last appearance`` Last Forever'' Created by Carter Bays Craig Thomas Portrayed by Jason Segel Information Gender Male Occupation Lawyer (2005 -- 2018), Judge (2018 --) Family Marvin Eriksen (father, deceased) Judy Eriksen (mother) Spouse (s) Lily Aldrin (2007 -- present) Children Marvin Waitforit Eriksen Daisy Eriksen Unnamed Third Child Nationality American", "title": "Marshall Eriksen" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shelby Corcoran is a recurring fictional character from the Fox musical comedy - drama series Glee. Portrayed by actress Idina Menzel, Shelby was introduced in the fourteenth episode of the show as the coach of Vocal Adrenaline, a rival show choir to New Directions, the show's primary musical group. Fans had lobbied for Menzel to be cast as Rachel Berry's (Lea Michele) biological mother, due to the strong physical resemblance between Menzel and Michele. After it is revealed that Shelby is, in fact, Rachel's biological mother, Shelby discloses that she had signed a contract that stated that she could not seek out her daughter until she was eighteen. She tells Rachel that instead of trying to act like mother and daughter, they should just be grateful that they have met, and maintain their distance.", "title": "Shelby Corcoran" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henrie guest starred in many shows such as Providence, Without a Trace, The Mullets, Judging Amy, The D.A., Jack & Bobby, NCIS, House, and Cold Case. Before his role on Wizards of Waverly Place, he had a recurring role on That's So Raven as Cory's friend Larry. Henrie also had a recurring role on How I Met Your Mother, where he played Ted's future son.", "title": "David Henrie" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edward Michael Trucco (born June 22, 1970) is an American actor known for his role as Samuel T. Anders on the reimagined Battlestar Galactica and his recurring role as Nick Podarutti in How I Met Your Mother. Recently appearing on the Netflix series, Disjointed, as Tae Kwon Douglas.", "title": "Michael Trucco" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "How I Met Your Mother (often abbreviated to HIMYM) is an American sitcom that originally aired on CBS from September 19, 2005 to March 31, 2014. The series follows the main character, Ted Mosby, and his group of friends in Manhattan. As a framing device, Ted, in the year 2030, recounts to his son and daughter the events that led him to meet their mother.", "title": "How I Met Your Mother" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joshua Radnor (born July 29, 1974) is an American actor and singer. He is best known for portraying Ted Mosby on the popular Emmy Award - winning CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother. He made his writing and directorial debut with the 2010 comedy drama film Happythankyoumoreplease, for which he won the Sundance Film Festival Audience Award and was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize.", "title": "Josh Radnor" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cristin Milioti (born August 16, 1985) is an American actress and vocalist. She has worked in Broadway theatre productions such as That Face, Stunning, and the Tony Award - winning musical Once. She also played the titular Mother on the sitcom How I Met Your Mother from 2013 to 2014, Teresa Petrillo Belfort in the 2013 film The Wolf of Wall Street, and Betsy Solverson in the second season of Fargo (2015). She has won a Grammy Award and has been nominated for a Tony Award.", "title": "Cristin Milioti" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The story of how Ted met The Mother is the framing device behind the series; many facts about her are revealed throughout the series, including the fact that Ted once unwittingly owned her umbrella before accidentally leaving it behind in her apartment. Ted and The Mother meet at the Farhampton train station following Barney Stinson and Robin Scherbatsky's wedding; this scene is shown in ``Last Forever '', the series finale. The Mother's death from an unspecified terminal illness in 2024, also revealed in the series finale, received a mixed reaction from fans.", "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)" } ]	Who does the narrator on How I Met Your Mother end up with?	Tracy McConnell	[ "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)", "The Mother" ]	Title: How I Met Your Mother Passage: Bob Saget as Future Ted Mosby (voice only, uncredited), Ted's future self, telling his children the story of how he met their mother, in the year 2030. Title: Karma (How I Met Your Mother) Passage: ``Karma ''How I Met Your Mother episode Episode no. Season 7 Episode 18 Directed by Pamela Fryman Written by Stephen Lloyd Production code 7ALH18 Original air date February 27, 2012 (2012 - 02 - 27) Recurring / Guest appearances Becki Newton (Quinn / Karma) Ellen D. Williams (Patrice) Episode chronology ← Previous`` No Pressure'' Next → ``The Broath '' Title: How I Met Your Mother (season 1) Passage: The first season of How I Met Your Mother, an American sitcom created by Carter Bays and Craig Thomas, premiered on CBS in the United States on September 19, 2005 and concluded on May 15, 2006. The season was directed by Pamela Fryman and produced by Bays & Thomas Productions and 20th Century Fox Television. It consists of 22 episodes, each running approximately 22 minutes in length. Title: How I Met Your Mother Passage: How I Met Your Mother (often abbreviated to HIMYM) is an American sitcom that originally aired on CBS from September 19, 2005 to March 31, 2014. The series follows the main character, Ted Mosby, and his group of friends in Manhattan. As a framing device, Ted, in the year 2030, recounts to his son and daughter the events that led him to meet their mother. Title: Ted Mosby Passage: Theodore Evelyn Mosby is a fictional character and the main protagonist in the U.S. television sitcom How I Met Your Mother, portrayed by Josh Radnor. Ted also serves as the show's narrator from the future, voiced by Bob Saget, as he tells his children the ``long version ''of how he met their mother. Title: Marshall Eriksen Passage: Marshall Eriksen How I Met Your Mother character Jason Segel in 2011 First appearance ``Pilot ''Last appearance`` Last Forever'' Created by Carter Bays Craig Thomas Portrayed by Jason Segel Information Gender Male Occupation Lawyer (2005 -- 2018), Judge (2018 --) Family Marvin Eriksen (father, deceased) Judy Eriksen (mother) Spouse (s) Lily Aldrin (2007 -- present) Children Marvin Waitforit Eriksen Daisy Eriksen Unnamed Third Child Nationality American Title: Shelby Corcoran Passage: Shelby Corcoran is a recurring fictional character from the Fox musical comedy - drama series Glee. Portrayed by actress Idina Menzel, Shelby was introduced in the fourteenth episode of the show as the coach of Vocal Adrenaline, a rival show choir to New Directions, the show's primary musical group. Fans had lobbied for Menzel to be cast as Rachel Berry's (Lea Michele) biological mother, due to the strong physical resemblance between Menzel and Michele. After it is revealed that Shelby is, in fact, Rachel's biological mother, Shelby discloses that she had signed a contract that stated that she could not seek out her daughter until she was eighteen. She tells Rachel that instead of trying to act like mother and daughter, they should just be grateful that they have met, and maintain their distance. Title: Josh Radnor Passage: Joshua Radnor (born July 29, 1974) is an American actor and singer. He is best known for portraying Ted Mosby on the popular Emmy Award - winning CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother. He made his writing and directorial debut with the 2010 comedy drama film Happythankyoumoreplease, for which he won the Sundance Film Festival Audience Award and was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize. Title: The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Passage: The story of how Ted met The Mother is the framing device behind the series; many facts about her are revealed throughout the series, including the fact that Ted once unwittingly owned her umbrella before accidentally leaving it behind in her apartment. Ted and The Mother meet at the Farhampton train station following Barney Stinson and Robin Scherbatsky's wedding; this scene is shown in ``Last Forever '', the series finale. The Mother's death from an unspecified terminal illness in 2024, also revealed in the series finale, received a mixed reaction from fans. Title: Chai Ling Passage: Chai was born on April 15, 1966, in Rizhao, in Shandong, China. Both Chai's mother and father had been doctors in the People's Liberation Army during the 1950s. Chai is the eldest of four children. In 1983, Chai Ling began her education at Peking University where she eventually earned a BA in psychology. Chai met her future husband, Feng Congde, in January 1987. She became aware of Feng after his arrest on January 1, 1987 for his participation in a democracy demonstration, and met him a few days later on her way to the university library. Chai and Feng were married in the spring of 1988, though they were forced to alter their identification because they failed to meet the age requirements to be legally married. After their wedding, Chai was accepted as a graduate student at the Child Psychology Institute of Beijing Normal University. Chai and Feng became increasingly distant over the course of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, and their marriage ended in divorce soon after the movement ended. Title: Cristin Milioti Passage: Cristin Milioti (born August 16, 1985) is an American actress and vocalist. She has worked in Broadway theatre productions such as That Face, Stunning, and the Tony Award - winning musical Once. She also played the titular Mother on the sitcom How I Met Your Mother from 2013 to 2014, Teresa Petrillo Belfort in the 2013 film The Wolf of Wall Street, and Betsy Solverson in the second season of Fargo (2015). She has won a Grammy Award and has been nominated for a Tony Award. Title: Bill Fagerbakke Passage: William Mark Fagerbakke (/ ˈfeɪɡərbɑːki /; born October 4, 1957) is an American actor and voice actor. He is best known for his long - running roles as Patrick Star in the animated series SpongeBob SquarePants and Michael ``Dauber ''Dybinski on the sitcom Coach. He also appeared in 12 episodes of the sitcom How I Met Your Mother as Marshall Eriksen's father Marvin. Title: Ted Mosby Passage: Theodore Evelyn ``Ted ''Mosby is a fictional character and the main protagonist in the U.S. television sitcom How I Met Your Mother, portrayed by Josh Radnor. Ted also serves as the show's narrator from the future, voiced by Bob Saget, as he tells his children the`` long version'' of how he met their mother. Title: The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Passage: Tracy McConnell (colloquial: ``The Mother '') is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers '', as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti. Title: David Henrie Passage: Henrie guest starred in many shows such as Providence, Without a Trace, The Mullets, Judging Amy, The D.A., Jack & Bobby, NCIS, House, and Cold Case. Before his role on Wizards of Waverly Place, he had a recurring role on That's So Raven as Cory's friend Larry. Henrie also had a recurring role on How I Met Your Mother, where he played Ted's future son. Title: Jennifer Morrison Passage: Jennifer Marie Morrison (born April 12, 1979) is an American actress, producer, director, and former child model. She is known for her roles as Dr. Allison Cameron in the medical - drama series House (2004 -- 2012) and Emma Swan in the ABC adventure - fantasy series Once Upon a Time (2011 -- 2017). She also has portrayed Zoey Pierson, one of Ted Mosby's love interests on the comedy series How I Met Your Mother; Winona Kirk, mother of James T. Kirk in the 2009 science - fiction film Star Trek; and Tess Conlon in the 2011 sports drama film Warrior. Title: Shelby Corcoran Passage: Shelby Corcoran is a recurring fictional character from the Fox musical comedy-drama series "Glee". Portrayed by actress Idina Menzel, Shelby was introduced in the fourteenth episode of the show as the coach of Vocal Adrenaline, a rival show choir to New Directions, the show's primary musical group. Fans had lobbied for Menzel to be cast as Rachel Berry's (Lea Michele) biological mother, due to the strong physical resemblance between Menzel and Michele. After it is revealed that Shelby is, in fact, Rachel's biological mother, Shelby discloses that she had signed a contract that stated that she could not seek out her daughter until she was eighteen. She tells Rachel that instead of trying to act like mother and daughter, they should just be grateful that they have met, and maintain their distance. Title: Cobie Smulders Passage: Jacoba Francisca Maria ``Cobie ''Smulders (born April 3, 1982) is a Canadian actress and model. She is best known for her roles as Robin Scherbatsky on the television series How I Met Your Mother (2005 -- 2014) and Maria Hill in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Title: Michael Trucco Passage: Edward Michael Trucco (born June 22, 1970) is an American actor known for his role as Samuel T. Anders on the reimagined Battlestar Galactica and his recurring role as Nick Podarutti in How I Met Your Mother. Recently appearing on the Netflix series, Disjointed, as Tae Kwon Douglas. Title: Nothing Suits Me Like a Suit Passage: "Nothing Suits Me Like a Suit" is a song performed by Neil Patrick Harris and the cast of the comedy series "How I Met Your Mother" from the 100th episode "Girls Versus Suits". Carter Bays and Craig Thomas were nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics for writing the song.	[ "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)", "How I Met Your Mother" ]
2hop__55463_19033	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2008 season of the Tonga Major League was the 30th season of top flight association football competition in Tonga. Lotohaʻapai United won the championship for the eleventh time, the last championship won in a record streak of 11 titles in the Tonga Major League.", "title": "2008 Tonga Major League" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boston Celtics center Bill Russell holds the record for the most NBA championships won with 11 titles during his 13 - year playing career. He won his first championship with the Boston Celtics in his rookie year. Afterwards, he went on to win 10 championships in the next 12 years, including eight consecutive championships from 1959 to 1966. He won the last two championships in 1968 and 1969 as player - coach. Russell's teammate, Sam Jones, won 10 championships from 1959 to 1969, the second most in NBA history. Four Celtics players, Tom Heinsohn, K.C. Jones, Satch Sanders and John Havlicek, won eight championships each. Two other Celtics, Jim Loscutoff and Frank Ramsey, won seven championships each. Four players, Bob Cousy, Kareem Abdul - Jabbar, Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen, won six championships each. Jordan and Pippen are members of the Chicago Bulls team who won three consecutive championships twice in the 1990s. George Mikan won 2 championships in the NBL before it merged with the BAA to form the NBA, and won 5 championships in the NBA.", "title": "List of NBA players with most championships" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The UEFA Euro 2012 Final was a football match that took place on 1 July 2012 at the Olympic Stadium in Kiev, Ukraine, to determine the winner of UEFA Euro 2012. Spain, who had won Euro 2008, successfully defended their title with a 4–0 win over Italy, becoming the first team to win two consecutive European Championships, and the first team to win three consecutive major tournaments – Euro 2008, the 2010 World Cup and Euro 2012. It was the greatest margin of victory in the history of the European Championship finals, and the fourth time that teams who played each other in the group stage played each other again in the final (1988, 1996 and 2004).", "title": "UEFA Euro 2012 Final" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spanish side Real Madrid have won a record total of 21 titles in UEFA competitions, four more than Milan (Italy). The only team to have won every UEFA club competition is Juventus (Italy). They received The UEFA Plaque on 12 July 1988, in recognition of winning the three seasonal confederation trophies -- UEFA Cup in 1977, Cup Winners' Cup in 1984, and European Cup in 1985. Juventus then won their first Super Cup in 1984, their first Intercontinental Cup in 1985, and the Intertoto Cup in 1999.", "title": "List of UEFA club competition winners" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spanish side Real Madrid have won a record total of 22 titles in UEFA competitions, four more than Milan (Italy). The only team to have won every UEFA club competition is Juventus (Italy). They received The UEFA Plaque on 12 July 1988, in recognition of winning the three seasonal confederation trophies -- UEFA Cup in 1977, Cup Winners' Cup in 1984, and European Cup in 1985. Juventus then won their first Super Cup in 1984, their first Intercontinental Cup in 1985, and the Intertoto Cup in 1999.", "title": "List of UEFA club competition winners" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brock Lesnar is the current champion in his first reign. He won the championship by defeating Goldberg at WrestleMania 33 on April 2, 2017 in Orlando, Florida. In doing so, he became the first wrestler to win both the WWE Championship and the Universal Championship.", "title": "WWE Universal Championship" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kratěna began his career with HC Olomouc where he played for two seasons. After an impressive second season where he posted eleven goals and eleven assists, he signed with HC Vsetín. After three championship winning seasons he moved to Sparta Prague and remained at the team for eight seasons, winning four more Czech titles. In 2007, he moved to Finland's SM-liiga for Oulun Kärpät and won the regular season championship and the SM-liiga playoffs championship. In 2008, Kratěna returned to Sparta Prague.", "title": "Ondřej Kratěna" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Overall, thirty - three different drivers have won the Championship, with German Michael Schumacher holding the record for most titles, at seven. Schumacher also holds the record for most consecutive Drivers' Championships, winning five from 2000 to 2004. The United Kingdom has produced the most World Championship winning drivers with ten; Brazil, Germany and Finland are next with three each. Of the 33 drivers to win the World Championship. Twenty are still alive. The most recently deceased is John Surtees (1934 -- 2017). Among teams, Scuderia Ferrari has produced the most World Championship winning drivers with 15.", "title": "List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1968 FIBA Intercontinental Cup was the 3rd edition of the FIBA Intercontinental Cup for men's basketball clubs. It took place at Palestra and Spectrum, Philadelphia. From the FIBA European Champions Cup participated Real Madrid and Simmenthal Milano, from the South American Club Championship participated Botafogo, and from the NABL participated the Akron Wingfoots.", "title": "1968 FIBA Intercontinental Cup" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spanish side Real Madrid have won a record total of 21 titles in UEFA competitions, four more than Milan (Italy) and seven more than Barcelona (Spain). The only team to have won every UEFA club competition is Juventus (Italy). They received The UEFA Plaque on 12 July 1988, in recognition of winning the three seasonal confederation trophies -- UEFA Cup in 1977, Cup Winners' Cup in 1984, and European Cup in 1985. Juventus then won their first Super Cup in 1984, their first Intercontinental Cup in 1985, and the Intertoto Cup in 1999.", "title": "List of UEFA club competition winners" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2016, 81 tournaments have been staged. From 1920 to 1930, the Winter Olympic Games Ice Hockey Tournaments held counted as the World Championships and no tournaments in between were held. No championships were held from 1940 to 1946 due to World War II, nor during the Olympic years 1980, 1984 and 1988. Ten nations have won a gold medal at the World Championships and a total of fourteen have won medals. Canada has won 48 medals, the most of any nation. The Soviet Union, which began competing in 1954 and last competed in 1991, captured a medal in every tournament they entered. In winning the 2006 World Championships, Sweden became the first nation in sports history to win an Olympic gold as well as a separate World Championship in the same season.", "title": "List of IIHF World Championship medalists" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the 2008 Olympics, he began playing together with Jānis Šmēdiņš. At the 2010 European Beach Volleyball Championships, Pļaviņš and Šmēdiņš won the bronze medal. They followed this up by winning the bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics. They lost to Rego and Cerutti of Brazil in the semi-final but beat Nummerdor and Schuil of the Netherlands in the bronze medal match.", "title": "Mārtiņš Pļaviņš" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Overall, there have been 79 different Intercontinental Champions. Chris Jericho holds the record for the most reigns with nine, The Honky Tonk Man holds the longest reign at 454 days. Only three other wrestlers -- Pedro Morales, Don Muraco, and Randy Savage -- have held the championship for a continuous reign of more than a year. The current champion is Roman Reigns, who is in his first reign. He won the championship by defeating The Miz on Raw in Houston, Texas on November 20, 2017.", "title": "List of WWE Intercontinental Champions" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dallas Cowboys -- Pittsburgh Steelers Dallas Cowboys Pittsburgh Steelers First meeting September 10, 1960 PIT 35, DAL 28 Latest meeting November 13, 2016 DAL 35, PIT 30 Statistics Meetings total 32 All - time series Dallas Cowboys 17 -- 15 Regular season series DAL 16 -- 13 Postseason results PIT: 2 -- 1 January 18, 1976, Super Bowl X, Steelers won 21 -- 17 January 21, 1979, Super Bowl XIII, Steelers won 35 -- 31 January 28, 1996, Super Bowl XXX, Cowboys won 27 -- 17 Largest victory Cowboys 52 -- 21 10 / 30 / 1966 Longest win streak DAL: 7 (November 14, 1965 -- October 8, 1972) PIT: 5 (January 18, 1976 -- September 13, 1982) Current win streak DAL: 2 win Championship Success NFL Championships (11) PIT (6) -- 1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 2005, 2008 DAL (5) -- 1971, 1977, 1992, 1993, 1995 NFL Conference Championships (16) PIT (8) -- 1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 1995, 2005, 2008, 2010 DAL (8) -- 1970, 1971, 1975, 1977, 1978, 1992, 1993, 1995", "title": "Cowboys–Steelers rivalry" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The card consisted of twelve matches, including two on the pre-show. In the main event, Dolph Ziggler retained the Intercontinental Championship by defeating Seth Rollins 5 -- 4 in an Iron Man match that went into sudden death overtime. This was the first time that an Intercontinental Championship match was the main event of a WWE pay - per - view since Backlash in 2001. In the penultimate match, AJ Styles retained the WWE Championship against Rusev. On the undercard, Alexa Bliss retained the Raw Women's Championship against Nia Jax in an Extreme Rules match, Bobby Lashley defeated Roman Reigns, and Shinsuke Nakamura defeated Jeff Hardy for the United States Championship.", "title": "Extreme Rules (2018)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fingal Ravens is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Rolestown, County Dublin, Ireland. Fingal Ravens won the 2007 Dublin Intermediate Football Championship and are therefore in the Senior championship for 2008.", "title": "Fingal Ravens GAA" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Between the 1992–93 season and the 2012–13 season, Premier League clubs had won the UEFA Champions League four times (as well as supplying five of the runners-up), behind Spain's La Liga with six wins, and Italy's Serie A with five wins, and ahead of, among others, Germany's Bundesliga with three wins (see table here). The FIFA Club World Cup (or the FIFA Club World Championship, as it was originally called) has been won by Premier league clubs once (Manchester United in 2008), and they have also been runners-up twice, behind Brazil's Brasileirão with four wins, and Spain's La Liga and Italy's Serie A with two wins each (see table here).", "title": "Premier League" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adam Enright (born November 16, 1983, in Rosalind, Alberta) is a Canadian curler from Edmonton, Alberta. He is a former alternate for Kevin Martin's rink with whom he won a gold medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics as well as wins at the 2008 Tim Hortons Brier and the 2008 World Men's Curling Championship. Currently, Enright plays third for Kurt Balderston's rink.", "title": "Adam Enright" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After their Champions League wins in 1999 and 2008, Manchester United also competed as UEFA's representatives at the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship and the 2008 FIFA Club World Cup. They were knocked out of the 2000 tournament at the group stage, but went on to win the 2008 competition, becoming the first English side to do so.", "title": "Manchester United F.C. in European football" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A referee may stop the match when they or official ring physician decides that a wrestler cannot safely continue the match. This may be decided if the wrestler cannot continue the match due to an injury. At the Great American Bash in 2008, Chris Jericho was declared the winner of a match against Shawn Michaels when Michaels could not defend himself due to excessive blood loss and impaired vision. At NXT TakeOver: Rival in 2015, the referee stopped the match when Sami Zayn could not defend himself due to an injury sustained against Kevin Owens for the NXT Championship.", "title": "Professional wrestling" } ]	Where did the wrestler who has won the most intercontinental championships win in 2008?	Great American Bash	[ "The Great American Bash" ]	Title: UEFA Euro 2012 Final Passage: The UEFA Euro 2012 Final was a football match that took place on 1 July 2012 at the Olympic Stadium in Kiev, Ukraine, to determine the winner of UEFA Euro 2012. Spain, who had won Euro 2008, successfully defended their title with a 4–0 win over Italy, becoming the first team to win two consecutive European Championships, and the first team to win three consecutive major tournaments – Euro 2008, the 2010 World Cup and Euro 2012. It was the greatest margin of victory in the history of the European Championship finals, and the fourth time that teams who played each other in the group stage played each other again in the final (1988, 1996 and 2004). Title: List of WWE Intercontinental Champions Passage: Overall, there have been 79 different Intercontinental Champions. Chris Jericho holds the record for the most reigns with nine, The Honky Tonk Man holds the longest reign at 454 days. Only three other wrestlers -- Pedro Morales, Don Muraco, and Randy Savage -- have held the championship for a continuous reign of more than a year. The current champion is Roman Reigns, who is in his first reign. He won the championship by defeating The Miz on Raw in Houston, Texas on November 20, 2017. Title: WWE Universal Championship Passage: Brock Lesnar is the current champion in his first reign. He won the championship by defeating Goldberg at WrestleMania 33 on April 2, 2017 in Orlando, Florida. In doing so, he became the first wrestler to win both the WWE Championship and the Universal Championship. Title: Manchester United F.C. in European football Passage: After their Champions League wins in 1999 and 2008, Manchester United also competed as UEFA's representatives at the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship and the 2008 FIFA Club World Cup. They were knocked out of the 2000 tournament at the group stage, but went on to win the 2008 competition, becoming the first English side to do so. Title: Ondřej Kratěna Passage: Kratěna began his career with HC Olomouc where he played for two seasons. After an impressive second season where he posted eleven goals and eleven assists, he signed with HC Vsetín. After three championship winning seasons he moved to Sparta Prague and remained at the team for eight seasons, winning four more Czech titles. In 2007, he moved to Finland's SM-liiga for Oulun Kärpät and won the regular season championship and the SM-liiga playoffs championship. In 2008, Kratěna returned to Sparta Prague. Title: Professional wrestling Passage: A referee may stop the match when they or official ring physician decides that a wrestler cannot safely continue the match. This may be decided if the wrestler cannot continue the match due to an injury. At the Great American Bash in 2008, Chris Jericho was declared the winner of a match against Shawn Michaels when Michaels could not defend himself due to excessive blood loss and impaired vision. At NXT TakeOver: Rival in 2015, the referee stopped the match when Sami Zayn could not defend himself due to an injury sustained against Kevin Owens for the NXT Championship. Title: Cowboys–Steelers rivalry Passage: Dallas Cowboys -- Pittsburgh Steelers Dallas Cowboys Pittsburgh Steelers First meeting September 10, 1960 PIT 35, DAL 28 Latest meeting November 13, 2016 DAL 35, PIT 30 Statistics Meetings total 32 All - time series Dallas Cowboys 17 -- 15 Regular season series DAL 16 -- 13 Postseason results PIT: 2 -- 1 January 18, 1976, Super Bowl X, Steelers won 21 -- 17 January 21, 1979, Super Bowl XIII, Steelers won 35 -- 31 January 28, 1996, Super Bowl XXX, Cowboys won 27 -- 17 Largest victory Cowboys 52 -- 21 10 / 30 / 1966 Longest win streak DAL: 7 (November 14, 1965 -- October 8, 1972) PIT: 5 (January 18, 1976 -- September 13, 1982) Current win streak DAL: 2 win Championship Success NFL Championships (11) PIT (6) -- 1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 2005, 2008 DAL (5) -- 1971, 1977, 1992, 1993, 1995 NFL Conference Championships (16) PIT (8) -- 1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 1995, 2005, 2008, 2010 DAL (8) -- 1970, 1971, 1975, 1977, 1978, 1992, 1993, 1995 Title: Premier League Passage: Between the 1992–93 season and the 2012–13 season, Premier League clubs had won the UEFA Champions League four times (as well as supplying five of the runners-up), behind Spain's La Liga with six wins, and Italy's Serie A with five wins, and ahead of, among others, Germany's Bundesliga with three wins (see table here). The FIFA Club World Cup (or the FIFA Club World Championship, as it was originally called) has been won by Premier league clubs once (Manchester United in 2008), and they have also been runners-up twice, behind Brazil's Brasileirão with four wins, and Spain's La Liga and Italy's Serie A with two wins each (see table here). Title: 1968 FIBA Intercontinental Cup Passage: The 1968 FIBA Intercontinental Cup was the 3rd edition of the FIBA Intercontinental Cup for men's basketball clubs. It took place at Palestra and Spectrum, Philadelphia. From the FIBA European Champions Cup participated Real Madrid and Simmenthal Milano, from the South American Club Championship participated Botafogo, and from the NABL participated the Akron Wingfoots. Title: Mārtiņš Pļaviņš Passage: After the 2008 Olympics, he began playing together with Jānis Šmēdiņš. At the 2010 European Beach Volleyball Championships, Pļaviņš and Šmēdiņš won the bronze medal. They followed this up by winning the bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics. They lost to Rego and Cerutti of Brazil in the semi-final but beat Nummerdor and Schuil of the Netherlands in the bronze medal match. Title: Adam Enright Passage: Adam Enright (born November 16, 1983, in Rosalind, Alberta) is a Canadian curler from Edmonton, Alberta. He is a former alternate for Kevin Martin's rink with whom he won a gold medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics as well as wins at the 2008 Tim Hortons Brier and the 2008 World Men's Curling Championship. Currently, Enright plays third for Kurt Balderston's rink. Title: List of UEFA club competition winners Passage: Spanish side Real Madrid have won a record total of 22 titles in UEFA competitions, four more than Milan (Italy). The only team to have won every UEFA club competition is Juventus (Italy). They received The UEFA Plaque on 12 July 1988, in recognition of winning the three seasonal confederation trophies -- UEFA Cup in 1977, Cup Winners' Cup in 1984, and European Cup in 1985. Juventus then won their first Super Cup in 1984, their first Intercontinental Cup in 1985, and the Intertoto Cup in 1999. Title: 2008 Tonga Major League Passage: The 2008 season of the Tonga Major League was the 30th season of top flight association football competition in Tonga. Lotohaʻapai United won the championship for the eleventh time, the last championship won in a record streak of 11 titles in the Tonga Major League. Title: List of UEFA club competition winners Passage: Spanish side Real Madrid have won a record total of 21 titles in UEFA competitions, four more than Milan (Italy) and seven more than Barcelona (Spain). The only team to have won every UEFA club competition is Juventus (Italy). They received The UEFA Plaque on 12 July 1988, in recognition of winning the three seasonal confederation trophies -- UEFA Cup in 1977, Cup Winners' Cup in 1984, and European Cup in 1985. Juventus then won their first Super Cup in 1984, their first Intercontinental Cup in 1985, and the Intertoto Cup in 1999. Title: Extreme Rules (2018) Passage: The card consisted of twelve matches, including two on the pre-show. In the main event, Dolph Ziggler retained the Intercontinental Championship by defeating Seth Rollins 5 -- 4 in an Iron Man match that went into sudden death overtime. This was the first time that an Intercontinental Championship match was the main event of a WWE pay - per - view since Backlash in 2001. In the penultimate match, AJ Styles retained the WWE Championship against Rusev. On the undercard, Alexa Bliss retained the Raw Women's Championship against Nia Jax in an Extreme Rules match, Bobby Lashley defeated Roman Reigns, and Shinsuke Nakamura defeated Jeff Hardy for the United States Championship. Title: List of NBA players with most championships Passage: Boston Celtics center Bill Russell holds the record for the most NBA championships won with 11 titles during his 13 - year playing career. He won his first championship with the Boston Celtics in his rookie year. Afterwards, he went on to win 10 championships in the next 12 years, including eight consecutive championships from 1959 to 1966. He won the last two championships in 1968 and 1969 as player - coach. Russell's teammate, Sam Jones, won 10 championships from 1959 to 1969, the second most in NBA history. Four Celtics players, Tom Heinsohn, K.C. Jones, Satch Sanders and John Havlicek, won eight championships each. Two other Celtics, Jim Loscutoff and Frank Ramsey, won seven championships each. Four players, Bob Cousy, Kareem Abdul - Jabbar, Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen, won six championships each. Jordan and Pippen are members of the Chicago Bulls team who won three consecutive championships twice in the 1990s. George Mikan won 2 championships in the NBL before it merged with the BAA to form the NBA, and won 5 championships in the NBA. Title: List of UEFA club competition winners Passage: Spanish side Real Madrid have won a record total of 21 titles in UEFA competitions, four more than Milan (Italy). The only team to have won every UEFA club competition is Juventus (Italy). They received The UEFA Plaque on 12 July 1988, in recognition of winning the three seasonal confederation trophies -- UEFA Cup in 1977, Cup Winners' Cup in 1984, and European Cup in 1985. Juventus then won their first Super Cup in 1984, their first Intercontinental Cup in 1985, and the Intertoto Cup in 1999. Title: List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions Passage: Overall, thirty - three different drivers have won the Championship, with German Michael Schumacher holding the record for most titles, at seven. Schumacher also holds the record for most consecutive Drivers' Championships, winning five from 2000 to 2004. The United Kingdom has produced the most World Championship winning drivers with ten; Brazil, Germany and Finland are next with three each. Of the 33 drivers to win the World Championship. Twenty are still alive. The most recently deceased is John Surtees (1934 -- 2017). Among teams, Scuderia Ferrari has produced the most World Championship winning drivers with 15. Title: Fingal Ravens GAA Passage: Fingal Ravens is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Rolestown, County Dublin, Ireland. Fingal Ravens won the 2007 Dublin Intermediate Football Championship and are therefore in the Senior championship for 2008. Title: List of IIHF World Championship medalists Passage: As of 2016, 81 tournaments have been staged. From 1920 to 1930, the Winter Olympic Games Ice Hockey Tournaments held counted as the World Championships and no tournaments in between were held. No championships were held from 1940 to 1946 due to World War II, nor during the Olympic years 1980, 1984 and 1988. Ten nations have won a gold medal at the World Championships and a total of fourteen have won medals. Canada has won 48 medals, the most of any nation. The Soviet Union, which began competing in 1954 and last competed in 1991, captured a medal in every tournament they entered. In winning the 2006 World Championships, Sweden became the first nation in sports history to win an Olympic gold as well as a separate World Championship in the same season.	[ "List of WWE Intercontinental Champions", "Professional wrestling" ]
2hop__691639_154896	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Patay (18 June 1429) was the culminating engagement of the Loire Campaign of the Hundred Years' War between the French and English in north-central France. It was a decisive victory for the French and with heavy losses inflicted on the corps of veteran English longbowmen. This victory was to the French what Agincourt was to the English. Although credited to Joan of Arc, most of the fighting was done by the vanguard of the French army as English units fled, and the main portions of the French army (including Joan herself) were unable to catch up to the vanguard as it continued to pursue the English for several miles.", "title": "Battle of Patay" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Date 1962 -- 1990 (28 years) Location Nicaragua Result FSLN military victory in 1979 Overthrow of Somoza government Insurgency of the Contras Electoral victory of the National Opposition Union in 1990 FSLN retained most of their executive apparatus", "title": "Nicaraguan Revolution" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was a state sponsored Marxist - Leninist ideology based around heavy central planning, a centralized vanguard party rule, and the attempt to develop socialism at a national level, co-existing with capitalist nations.", "title": "Ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The avant - garde (from French, ``advance guard ''or`` vanguard'', literally ``fore - guard '') are people or works that are experimental, radical, or unorthodox with respect to art, culture, or society. It may be characterized by nontraditional, aesthetic innovation and initial unacceptability, and it may offer a critique of the relationship between producer and consumer.", "title": "Avant-garde" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Socialist Front was officially dissolved on 22 November 2008. A new party, the People's Front (\"Folkfronten\"), was founded at the same time with the same people in charge. The People's Front was later reconstituted as the Party of the Swedes which ran in the 2010 and 2014 general elections and received about 1,000 votes in the 2014 election to the European Parliament, before being dissolved the following year.", "title": "National Socialist Front" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abdul Umar Yandoma was elected Senator for the Katsina North (Daura/Ingawa) constituency of Katsina State, Nigeria at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic, running on the People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform. He took office on 29 May 1999.", "title": "Abdul Yandoma" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Patrick Aga was elected Senator for the Nasarawa North constituency of Nasarawa State, Nigeria at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic, running on the People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform. He took office on 29 May 1999.", "title": "Patrick Aga" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Quartets: Live at the Village Vanguard is a live album by the American jazz saxophonist Joe Lovano recorded at the Village Vanguard in 1994 and 1995 and released on the Blue Note label.", "title": "Quartets: Live at the Village Vanguard" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Idris Abubakar (1955–2002) was elected Senator for the Gombe South constituency of Gombe State, Nigeria at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic, running on the All People's Party (APP) platform. He took office on 29 May 1999.", "title": "Idris Abubakar" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While the 1967 insurgency had been unplanned, the Khmer Rouge tried, without much success, to organize a more serious revolt during the following year. The prince's decimation of the Prachea Chon and the urban communists had, however, cleared the field of competition for Saloth Sar (also known as Pol Pot), Ieng Sary, and Son Sen—the Maoist leadership of the maquisards. They led their followers into the highlands of the northeast and into the lands of the Khmer Loeu, a primitive people who were hostile to both the lowland Khmers and the central government. For the Khmer Rouge, who still lacked assistance from the North Vietnamese, it was a period of regroupment, organization, and training. Hanoi basically ignored its Chinese-sponsored allies, and the indifference of their \"fraternal comrades\" to their insurgency between 1967 and 1969 would make an indelible impression on the Khmer Rouge leadership.On 17 January 1968, the Khmer Rouge launched their first offensive. It was aimed more at gathering weapons and spreading propaganda than in seizing territory since, at that time, the adherents of the insurgency numbered no more than 4–5,000. During the same month, the communists established the Revolutionary Army of Kampuchea as the military wing of the party. As early as the end of the Battambang revolt, Sihanouk had begun to reevaluate his relationship with the communists. His earlier agreement with the Chinese had availed him nothing. They had not only failed to restrain the North Vietnamese, but they had actually involved themselves (through the Khmer Rouge) in active subversion within his country.", "title": "Cambodian Civil War" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Krispy Kreme, an international chain of doughnut stores, was started in North Carolina; the company's headquarters are in Winston-Salem. Pepsi-Cola was first produced in 1898 in New Bern. A regional soft drink, Cheerwine, was created and is still based in the city of Salisbury. Despite its name, the hot sauce Texas Pete was created in North Carolina; its headquarters are also in Winston-Salem. The Hardee's fast-food chain was started in Rocky Mount. Another fast-food chain, Bojangles', was started in Charlotte, and has its corporate headquarters there. A popular North Carolina restaurant chain is Golden Corral. Started in 1973, the chain was founded in Fayetteville, with headquarters located in Raleigh. Popular pickle brand Mount Olive Pickle Company was founded in Mount Olive in 1926. Fast casual burger chain Hwy 55 Burgers, Shakes & Fries also makes its home in Mount Olive. Cook Out, a popular fast-food chain featuring burgers, hot dogs, and milkshakes in a wide variety of flavors, was founded in Greensboro in 1989 and has begun expanding outside of North Carolina. In 2013, Southern Living named Durham - Chapel Hill the South's \"Tastiest City.\"", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abdulahi Bala Adamu was elected Senator for the Taraba North constituency of Taraba State, Nigeria at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic, running on the People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform. He took office on 29 May 1999.", "title": "Abdulahi Bala Adamu" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Communist Party of Vietnam Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng Founder Hồ Chí Minh Founded 3 February 1930; 88 years ago (1930 - 02 - 03) Merger of People's Revolutionary Party of South Vietnam and Workers' Party of North Vietnam Headquarters 1A, Hung Vuong Street, Ba Đình District, Hà Nội Newspaper Nhân Dân Youth wing Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union Armed Wing People's Army of Vietnam Membership (2014) 4.480. 707 Ideology Communism Marxism -- Leninism Ho Chi Minh Thought Socialist - oriented market economy Vietnamese nationalism Political position Far - left National affiliation Vietnamese Fatherland Front International affiliation International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties Colors Red Anthem Chào mừng Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam National Assembly 475 / 500 Party flag Website en.dangcongsan.vn Politics of Vietnam Political parties Elections", "title": "Communist Party of Vietnam" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The South Yemen insurgency is a term used by the Yemeni government to describe the protests and attacks on government forces in southern Yemen, ongoing since 27 April 2009, on South Yemen's independence day. Although the violence has been blamed on elements within the southern secessionist movement, leaders of the group maintain that their aims of independence are to be achieved through peaceful means, and claim that attacks are from ordinary citizens in response to the government's provocative actions. The insurgency comes amid the Shia insurgency in the country's north as led by the Houthi communities. Southern leaders led a brief, unsuccessful secession in 1994 following unification. Many of them are involved in the present secession movement. Southern separatist insurgents are active mainly in the area of former South Yemen, but also in Ad Dali' Governorate, which was not a part of the independent southern state. They are supported by the United Arab Emirates, even though the UAE is a member of the Saudi Arabian-led coalition working to support the Yemeni government under President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi.", "title": "South Yemen insurgency" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The headquarters of the French Communist Party, designed by the Brazilian communist and utilitarian architect Oscar Niemeyer is located here, as is a station of the Paris Métro. Nearby is the former location of the medieval Gibbet of Montfaucon, a multi-tiered gibbet that was for most of its history outside Paris' city walls.", "title": "Place du Colonel Fabien" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abubakar Halilu Girei (born 14 March 1954) was elected Senator for the Adamawa Central constituency of Adamawa State, Nigeria at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic, running on the People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform. He took office on 29 May 1999.", "title": "Abubakar Girei" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "President Term of office Political party (at time of election) No Portrait Name Took office Left office Duration 12 Olusegun Obasanjo (1937 --) 29 May 1999 29 May 2007 8 years, 0 days People's Democratic Party 13 Umaru Musa Yar'Adua (1951 -- 2010) 29 May 2007 5 May 2010 (died in office.) 2 years, 341 days People's Democratic Party 14 Goodluck Jonathan (1957 --) 5 May 2010 29 May 2015 5 years, 25 days People's Democratic Party 15 Muhammadu Buhari (1942 --) 29 May 2015 Incumbent 3 years, 150 days All Progressives Congress", "title": "List of heads of state of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jimmy John's Franchise, LLC Type Privately held company Founded 1983; 34 years ago (1983) Founder Jimmy John Liautaud Headquarters Champaign, Illinois, United States Number of locations 2,630 (December 2016) Key people James North (CEO) Owner Jimmy John Liautaud, Roark Capital Group Website jimmyjohns.com", "title": "Jimmy John's" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buckingham Palace (UK: ) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning.", "title": "Buckingham Palace" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The People's Vanguard Party was a Ba'athist political party in South Yemen. It was aligned with the Syrian-based Ba'ath Party. Abdallah Badhib was the general secretary of the party. Badhib was appointed Minister of Education in December 1969. The party was one of two non-National Front parties tolerated during the early 1970s. In October 1975 it joined the NF-dominated United Political Organization (which evolved into the Yemeni Socialist Party in 1978). The merger was ratified by the third PVP congress held in August 1975.", "title": "People's Vanguard Party (South Yemen)" } ]	What year did the insurgency start in the area where People's Vanguard Party's headquarters locate?	27 April 2009	[]	Title: Abdulahi Bala Adamu Passage: Abdulahi Bala Adamu was elected Senator for the Taraba North constituency of Taraba State, Nigeria at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic, running on the People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform. He took office on 29 May 1999. Title: Ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Passage: The ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was a state sponsored Marxist - Leninist ideology based around heavy central planning, a centralized vanguard party rule, and the attempt to develop socialism at a national level, co-existing with capitalist nations. Title: Battle of Patay Passage: The Battle of Patay (18 June 1429) was the culminating engagement of the Loire Campaign of the Hundred Years' War between the French and English in north-central France. It was a decisive victory for the French and with heavy losses inflicted on the corps of veteran English longbowmen. This victory was to the French what Agincourt was to the English. Although credited to Joan of Arc, most of the fighting was done by the vanguard of the French army as English units fled, and the main portions of the French army (including Joan herself) were unable to catch up to the vanguard as it continued to pursue the English for several miles. Title: Place du Colonel Fabien Passage: The headquarters of the French Communist Party, designed by the Brazilian communist and utilitarian architect Oscar Niemeyer is located here, as is a station of the Paris Métro. Nearby is the former location of the medieval Gibbet of Montfaucon, a multi-tiered gibbet that was for most of its history outside Paris' city walls. Title: Quartets: Live at the Village Vanguard Passage: Quartets: Live at the Village Vanguard is a live album by the American jazz saxophonist Joe Lovano recorded at the Village Vanguard in 1994 and 1995 and released on the Blue Note label. Title: South Yemen insurgency Passage: The South Yemen insurgency is a term used by the Yemeni government to describe the protests and attacks on government forces in southern Yemen, ongoing since 27 April 2009, on South Yemen's independence day. Although the violence has been blamed on elements within the southern secessionist movement, leaders of the group maintain that their aims of independence are to be achieved through peaceful means, and claim that attacks are from ordinary citizens in response to the government's provocative actions. The insurgency comes amid the Shia insurgency in the country's north as led by the Houthi communities. Southern leaders led a brief, unsuccessful secession in 1994 following unification. Many of them are involved in the present secession movement. Southern separatist insurgents are active mainly in the area of former South Yemen, but also in Ad Dali' Governorate, which was not a part of the independent southern state. They are supported by the United Arab Emirates, even though the UAE is a member of the Saudi Arabian-led coalition working to support the Yemeni government under President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi. Title: List of heads of state of Nigeria Passage: President Term of office Political party (at time of election) No Portrait Name Took office Left office Duration 12 Olusegun Obasanjo (1937 --) 29 May 1999 29 May 2007 8 years, 0 days People's Democratic Party 13 Umaru Musa Yar'Adua (1951 -- 2010) 29 May 2007 5 May 2010 (died in office.) 2 years, 341 days People's Democratic Party 14 Goodluck Jonathan (1957 --) 5 May 2010 29 May 2015 5 years, 25 days People's Democratic Party 15 Muhammadu Buhari (1942 --) 29 May 2015 Incumbent 3 years, 150 days All Progressives Congress Title: People's Vanguard Party (South Yemen) Passage: The People's Vanguard Party was a Ba'athist political party in South Yemen. It was aligned with the Syrian-based Ba'ath Party. Abdallah Badhib was the general secretary of the party. Badhib was appointed Minister of Education in December 1969. The party was one of two non-National Front parties tolerated during the early 1970s. In October 1975 it joined the NF-dominated United Political Organization (which evolved into the Yemeni Socialist Party in 1978). The merger was ratified by the third PVP congress held in August 1975. Title: National Socialist Front Passage: The National Socialist Front was officially dissolved on 22 November 2008. A new party, the People's Front ("Folkfronten"), was founded at the same time with the same people in charge. The People's Front was later reconstituted as the Party of the Swedes which ran in the 2010 and 2014 general elections and received about 1,000 votes in the 2014 election to the European Parliament, before being dissolved the following year. Title: North Carolina Passage: Krispy Kreme, an international chain of doughnut stores, was started in North Carolina; the company's headquarters are in Winston-Salem. Pepsi-Cola was first produced in 1898 in New Bern. A regional soft drink, Cheerwine, was created and is still based in the city of Salisbury. Despite its name, the hot sauce Texas Pete was created in North Carolina; its headquarters are also in Winston-Salem. The Hardee's fast-food chain was started in Rocky Mount. Another fast-food chain, Bojangles', was started in Charlotte, and has its corporate headquarters there. A popular North Carolina restaurant chain is Golden Corral. Started in 1973, the chain was founded in Fayetteville, with headquarters located in Raleigh. Popular pickle brand Mount Olive Pickle Company was founded in Mount Olive in 1926. Fast casual burger chain Hwy 55 Burgers, Shakes & Fries also makes its home in Mount Olive. Cook Out, a popular fast-food chain featuring burgers, hot dogs, and milkshakes in a wide variety of flavors, was founded in Greensboro in 1989 and has begun expanding outside of North Carolina. In 2013, Southern Living named Durham - Chapel Hill the South's "Tastiest City." Title: Nicaraguan Revolution Passage: Date 1962 -- 1990 (28 years) Location Nicaragua Result FSLN military victory in 1979 Overthrow of Somoza government Insurgency of the Contras Electoral victory of the National Opposition Union in 1990 FSLN retained most of their executive apparatus Title: Idris Abubakar Passage: Idris Abubakar (1955–2002) was elected Senator for the Gombe South constituency of Gombe State, Nigeria at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic, running on the All People's Party (APP) platform. He took office on 29 May 1999. Title: Buckingham Palace Passage: Buckingham Palace (UK: ) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning. Title: Communist Party of Vietnam Passage: Communist Party of Vietnam Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng Founder Hồ Chí Minh Founded 3 February 1930; 88 years ago (1930 - 02 - 03) Merger of People's Revolutionary Party of South Vietnam and Workers' Party of North Vietnam Headquarters 1A, Hung Vuong Street, Ba Đình District, Hà Nội Newspaper Nhân Dân Youth wing Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union Armed Wing People's Army of Vietnam Membership (2014) 4.480. 707 Ideology Communism Marxism -- Leninism Ho Chi Minh Thought Socialist - oriented market economy Vietnamese nationalism Political position Far - left National affiliation Vietnamese Fatherland Front International affiliation International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties Colors Red Anthem Chào mừng Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam National Assembly 475 / 500 Party flag Website en.dangcongsan.vn Politics of Vietnam Political parties Elections Title: Abdul Yandoma Passage: Abdul Umar Yandoma was elected Senator for the Katsina North (Daura/Ingawa) constituency of Katsina State, Nigeria at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic, running on the People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform. He took office on 29 May 1999. Title: Avant-garde Passage: The avant - garde (from French, ``advance guard ''or`` vanguard'', literally ``fore - guard '') are people or works that are experimental, radical, or unorthodox with respect to art, culture, or society. It may be characterized by nontraditional, aesthetic innovation and initial unacceptability, and it may offer a critique of the relationship between producer and consumer. Title: Cambodian Civil War Passage: While the 1967 insurgency had been unplanned, the Khmer Rouge tried, without much success, to organize a more serious revolt during the following year. The prince's decimation of the Prachea Chon and the urban communists had, however, cleared the field of competition for Saloth Sar (also known as Pol Pot), Ieng Sary, and Son Sen—the Maoist leadership of the maquisards. They led their followers into the highlands of the northeast and into the lands of the Khmer Loeu, a primitive people who were hostile to both the lowland Khmers and the central government. For the Khmer Rouge, who still lacked assistance from the North Vietnamese, it was a period of regroupment, organization, and training. Hanoi basically ignored its Chinese-sponsored allies, and the indifference of their "fraternal comrades" to their insurgency between 1967 and 1969 would make an indelible impression on the Khmer Rouge leadership.On 17 January 1968, the Khmer Rouge launched their first offensive. It was aimed more at gathering weapons and spreading propaganda than in seizing territory since, at that time, the adherents of the insurgency numbered no more than 4–5,000. During the same month, the communists established the Revolutionary Army of Kampuchea as the military wing of the party. As early as the end of the Battambang revolt, Sihanouk had begun to reevaluate his relationship with the communists. His earlier agreement with the Chinese had availed him nothing. They had not only failed to restrain the North Vietnamese, but they had actually involved themselves (through the Khmer Rouge) in active subversion within his country. Title: Jimmy John's Passage: Jimmy John's Franchise, LLC Type Privately held company Founded 1983; 34 years ago (1983) Founder Jimmy John Liautaud Headquarters Champaign, Illinois, United States Number of locations 2,630 (December 2016) Key people James North (CEO) Owner Jimmy John Liautaud, Roark Capital Group Website jimmyjohns.com Title: Patrick Aga Passage: Patrick Aga was elected Senator for the Nasarawa North constituency of Nasarawa State, Nigeria at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic, running on the People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform. He took office on 29 May 1999. Title: Abubakar Girei Passage: Abubakar Halilu Girei (born 14 March 1954) was elected Senator for the Adamawa Central constituency of Adamawa State, Nigeria at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic, running on the People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform. He took office on 29 May 1999.	[ "South Yemen insurgency", "People's Vanguard Party (South Yemen)" ]

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