Split (1)

train · 1k rows

id stringlengths 15 19	paragraphs listlengths 19 20	question stringlengths 26 174	answer stringlengths 1 70	answer_aliases listlengths 0 6	context stringlengths 4.73k 21.2k	citations listlengths 2 2
2hop__77601_814677	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In mythology, the Greek underworld is an otherworld where souls go after death. The original Greek idea of afterlife is that, at the moment of death, the soul is separated from the corpse, taking on the shape of the former person, and is transported to the entrance of the Underworld. The Underworld itself -- sometimes known as the realm of Hades -- is described as being either at the outer bounds of the ocean or beneath the depths or ends of the earth. It is considered the dark counterpart to the brightness of Mount Olympus with the kingdom of the dead corresponding to the kingdom of the gods. Hades is a realm invisible to the living, made solely for the dead.", "title": "Greek underworld" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mark Lehner is an American archaeologist with more than 30 years of experience excavating in Egypt. He was born in North Dakota in 1950. His approach, as director of Ancient Egypt Research Associates (AERA), is to conduct interdisciplinary archaeological investigation. Every excavated object is examined by specialists to create an overall picture of an archaeological site—from the buildings down to the pollen spores. His international team currently runs the Giza Plateau Mapping Project, excavating and mapping the ancient city of the builders of the Giza pyramid complex, which dates to the fourth dynasty of Egypt. He discovered that Pyramid G1-a, one of the subsidiary pyramids of the Great Pyramid, belonged to Hetepheres I; it was originally thought to belong to Queen Meritites I.", "title": "Mark Lehner" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The oldest known sundial is from Egypt; it dates back to around 1500 BC (19th Dynasty), and was discovered in the Valley of the Kings in 2013. Sundials have their origin in shadow clocks, which were the first devices used for measuring the parts of a day. Ancient Egyptian obelisks, constructed about 3500 BC, are also among the earliest shadow clocks.", "title": "History of timekeeping devices" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The story of the Exodus is told in the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, the last four of the five books of the Torah (also called the Pentateuch). It tells of the events that befell the Israelites following the death of Joseph, their departure from Egypt, and their wanderings in the wilderness, including the revelations at Sinai, up to their arrival at the borders of Canaan. The story begins with the Israelites in slavery in Egypt. Moses leads them out of Egypt and through the wilderness to Mount Sinai, where Yahweh reveals himself and offers them a Covenant: they are to keep his torah (i.e. law, instruction), and in return he will be their God and give them the land of Canaan. The Book of Leviticus records the laws of God. The Book of Numbers tells how the Israelites, led now by their God, journey on from Sinai towards Canaan, but when their spies report that the land is filled with giants they refuse to go on and Yahweh condemns them to remain in the desert until the generation that left Egypt passes away. After thirty - eight years at the oasis of Kadesh Barnea the next generation travel on to the borders of Canaan, where Moses addresses them for the final time and gives them further laws. The Exodus ends with the death of Moses on Mount Nebo and his burial by God, while the Israelites prepare for the conquest of the land.", "title": "The Exodus" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Plagues of Egypt (Hebrew: מכות מצרים, Makot Mitzrayim), also called the ten biblical plagues, were ten calamities that, according to the biblical Book of Exodus, God inflicted upon Egypt as a demonstration of power, after which the Pharaoh conceded to Moses' demands to let the enslaved Israelites go into the wilderness to make sacrifices. God repeatedly hardened the Pharaoh's heart to prevent him from consenting until after the tenth plague. The Israelites' eventual departure began the Exodus of the Hebrew people.", "title": "Plagues of Egypt" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Temple of Kom Ombo is an unusual double temple in the town of Kom Ombo in Aswan Governorate, Upper Egypt. It was constructed during the Ptolemaic dynasty, 180–47 BC. Some additions to it were later made during the Roman period. The building is unique because its 'double' design meant that there were courts, halls, sanctuaries and rooms duplicated for two sets of gods. The southern half of the temple was dedicated to the crocodile god Sobek, god of fertility and creator of the world with Hathor and Khonsu. Meanwhile, the northern part of the temple was dedicated to the falcon god Haroeris (\"Horus the Elder\"), along \"with Tasenetnofret (the Good Sister, a special form of Hathor or Tefnet/Tefnut) and Panebtawy (Lord of the Two Lands).\" The temple is atypical because everything is perfectly symmetrical along the main axis.", "title": "Temple of Kom Ombo" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The principal gods of the ancient Greek religion were the Dodekatheon, or the Twelve Gods, who lived on the top of Mount Olympus. The most important of all ancient Greek gods was Zeus, the king of the gods, who was married to Hera, who was also Zeus's sister. The other Greek gods that made up the Twelve Olympians were Demeter, Ares, Poseidon, Athena, Dionysus, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Hephaestus and Hermes. Apart from these twelve gods, Greeks also had a variety of other mystical beliefs, such as nymphs and other magical creatures.", "title": "Greece" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The earliest known physician is also credited to ancient Egypt: Hesy - Ra, ``Chief of Dentists and Physicians ''for King Djoser in the 27th century BCE. Also, the earliest known woman physician, Peseshet, practiced in Ancient Egypt at the time of the 4th dynasty. Her title was`` Lady Overseer of the Lady Physicians.'' In addition to her supervisory role, Peseshet trained midwives at an ancient Egyptian medical school in Sais.", "title": "History of medicine" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, who later recounted the story, Laboulaye's comment was not intended as a proposal, but it inspired Bartholdi. Given the repressive nature of the regime of Napoleon III, Bartholdi took no immediate action on the idea except to discuss it with Laboulaye. Bartholdi was in any event busy with other possible projects; in the late 1860s, he approached Isma'il Pasha, Khedive of Egypt, a plan to build Progress or Egypt Carrying the Light to Asia, a huge lighthouse in the form of an ancient Egyptian female fellah or peasant, robed and holding a torch aloft, at the northern entrance to the Suez Canal in Port Said. Sketches and models were made of the proposed work, though it was never erected. There was a classical precedent for the Suez proposal, the Colossus of Rhodes: an ancient bronze statue of the Greek god of the sun, Helios. This statue is believed to have been over 100 feet (30 m) high, and it similarly stood at a harbor entrance and carried a light to guide ships.", "title": "Statue of Liberty" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Romance of the Underworld is a 1928 American silent film drama produced and distributed by Fox Film Corporation. Directed by Irving Cummings and starring Mary Astor. It is taken from a stage play called \"A Romance of the Underworld\" by Paul Armstrong. A previous version of the story was filmed as \"A Romance of the Underworld\" in 1918 by director James Kirkwood with Catherine Calvert in Astor's part. The 1928 film is extant at the Museum of Modern Art. And also in a European archive.", "title": "Romance of the Underworld" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hapi, sometimes transliterated as Hapy, is one of the Four sons of Horus in ancient Egyptian religion, depicted in funerary literature as protecting the throne of Osiris in the Underworld. Hapi was the son of Heru-ur and Isis or Serqet. He is not to be confused with another god of the same name. He is commonly depicted with the head of a hamadryas baboon, and is tasked with protecting the lungs of the deceased, hence the common depiction of a hamadryas baboon head sculpted as the lid of the canopic jar that held the lungs. Hapi is in turn protected by the goddess Nephthys. When his image appears on the side of a coffin, he is usually aligned with the side intended to face north. When embalming practices changed during the Third Intermediate Period and the mummified organs were placed back inside the body, an amulet of Hapi would be included in the body cavity.", "title": "Hapi (Son of Horus)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Osiris (/ oʊ ˈsaɪrɪs /, from Egyptian wsjr, Coptic ⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲉ) is an Egyptian god, identified as the god of the afterlife, the underworld, and the dead, but more appropriately as the god of transition, resurrection, and regeneration. He was classically depicted as a green - skinned deity with a pharaoh's beard, partially mummy - wrapped at the legs, wearing a distinctive crown with two large ostrich feathers at either side, and holding a symbolic crook and flail. Osiris was at times considered the oldest son of the god Geb, though other sources state his father is the sun - god Ra, and the sky goddess Nut, as well as being brother and husband of Isis, with Horus being considered his posthumously begotten son. He was also associated with the epithet Khenti - Amentiu, meaning ``Foremost of the Westerners '', a reference to his kingship in the land of the dead. As ruler of the dead, Osiris was also sometimes called`` king of the living'': ancient Egyptians considered the blessed dead ``the living ones ''. Through syncretism with Iah, he is also the god of the Moon.", "title": "Osiris" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The earliest examples of wedding rings are from Ancient Egypt. Western customs for wedding rings can be traced to ancient Rome and Greece, and were transmitted to the present through Christendom in Europe, which adapted the ancient customs.", "title": "Wedding ring" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Manzala ( \"baḥīrat manzala\"), also Manzaleh, is a brackish lake, sometimes called a lagoon, in northeastern Egypt on the Nile Delta near Port Said and a few miles from the ancient ruins at Tanis. It is the largest of the northern deltaic lakes of Egypt. As of 2008 it is 47 km long and 30 km wide.", "title": "Lake Manzala" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the ancient Greek myths, ambrosia (/ æmˈbroʊʒə /, Ancient Greek: ἀμβροσία, ``immortality '') is sometimes the food or drink of the Greek gods, often depicted as conferring longevity or immortality upon whoever consumed it. It was brought to the gods in Olympus by doves.", "title": "Ambrosia" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rape of Proserpina () is a large Baroque marble sculptural group by Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini, executed between 1621 and 1622. Bernini was only 23 years old at its completion. It depicts the Abduction of Proserpina, who is seized and taken to the underworld by the god Pluto.", "title": "The Rape of Proserpina" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pharaohs' Woman () is a 1960 historical period drama film directed by Victor Tourjansky and starring John Drew Barrymore. The film is set in Ancient Egypt during the 31st century BCE (shortly after the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt) and pertains to a love story set against the backdrop of a power struggle between a prince of the former ruling dynasty of Lower Egypt and the new overlords from Upper Egypt. It was the first feature film shot in Techniscope.", "title": "The Pharaohs' Woman" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ramose and the Tomb Robbers is a 2003 historical novel by British-born Australian author Carole Wilkinson. It is set in ancient Egypt.", "title": "Ramose and the Tomb Robbers" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to Classical - era mythology, after the overthrow of the Titans, the new pantheon of gods and goddesses was confirmed. Among the principal Greek gods were the Olympians, residing on Mount Olympus under the eye of Zeus. (The limitation of their number to twelve seems to have been a comparatively modern idea.) Besides the Olympians, the Greeks worshipped various gods of the countryside, the satyr - god Pan, Nymphs (spirits of rivers), Naiads (who dwelled in springs), Dryads (who were spirits of the trees), Nereids (who inhabited the sea), river gods, Satyrs, and others. In addition, there were the dark powers of the underworld, such as the Erinyes (or Furies), said to pursue those guilty of crimes against blood - relatives. In order to honor the Ancient Greek pantheon, poets composed the Homeric Hymns (a group of thirty - three songs). Gregory Nagy regards ``the larger Homeric Hymns as simple preludes (compared with Theogony), each of which invokes one god ''.", "title": "Greek mythology" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There is no unanimous agreement among scholars on the structure of Exodus. One strong possibility is that it is a diptych (i.e., divided into two parts), with the division between parts 1 and 2 at the crossing of the Red Sea or at the beginning of the theophany (appearance of God) in chapter 19. On this plan, the first part tells of God's rescue of his people from Egypt and their journey under his care to Sinai (chapters 1 -- 19) and the second tells of the covenant between them (chapters 20 -- 40).", "title": "Book of Exodus" } ]	What pantheon is the God of the underworld in ancient Egypt a part of?	ancient Egyptian religion	[]	Title: Statue of Liberty Passage: According to sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, who later recounted the story, Laboulaye's comment was not intended as a proposal, but it inspired Bartholdi. Given the repressive nature of the regime of Napoleon III, Bartholdi took no immediate action on the idea except to discuss it with Laboulaye. Bartholdi was in any event busy with other possible projects; in the late 1860s, he approached Isma'il Pasha, Khedive of Egypt, a plan to build Progress or Egypt Carrying the Light to Asia, a huge lighthouse in the form of an ancient Egyptian female fellah or peasant, robed and holding a torch aloft, at the northern entrance to the Suez Canal in Port Said. Sketches and models were made of the proposed work, though it was never erected. There was a classical precedent for the Suez proposal, the Colossus of Rhodes: an ancient bronze statue of the Greek god of the sun, Helios. This statue is believed to have been over 100 feet (30 m) high, and it similarly stood at a harbor entrance and carried a light to guide ships. Title: Wedding ring Passage: The earliest examples of wedding rings are from Ancient Egypt. Western customs for wedding rings can be traced to ancient Rome and Greece, and were transmitted to the present through Christendom in Europe, which adapted the ancient customs. Title: Plagues of Egypt Passage: The Plagues of Egypt (Hebrew: מכות מצרים, Makot Mitzrayim), also called the ten biblical plagues, were ten calamities that, according to the biblical Book of Exodus, God inflicted upon Egypt as a demonstration of power, after which the Pharaoh conceded to Moses' demands to let the enslaved Israelites go into the wilderness to make sacrifices. God repeatedly hardened the Pharaoh's heart to prevent him from consenting until after the tenth plague. The Israelites' eventual departure began the Exodus of the Hebrew people. Title: Greece Passage: The principal gods of the ancient Greek religion were the Dodekatheon, or the Twelve Gods, who lived on the top of Mount Olympus. The most important of all ancient Greek gods was Zeus, the king of the gods, who was married to Hera, who was also Zeus's sister. The other Greek gods that made up the Twelve Olympians were Demeter, Ares, Poseidon, Athena, Dionysus, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Hephaestus and Hermes. Apart from these twelve gods, Greeks also had a variety of other mystical beliefs, such as nymphs and other magical creatures. Title: The Pharaohs' Woman Passage: The Pharaohs' Woman () is a 1960 historical period drama film directed by Victor Tourjansky and starring John Drew Barrymore. The film is set in Ancient Egypt during the 31st century BCE (shortly after the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt) and pertains to a love story set against the backdrop of a power struggle between a prince of the former ruling dynasty of Lower Egypt and the new overlords from Upper Egypt. It was the first feature film shot in Techniscope. Title: History of timekeeping devices Passage: The oldest known sundial is from Egypt; it dates back to around 1500 BC (19th Dynasty), and was discovered in the Valley of the Kings in 2013. Sundials have their origin in shadow clocks, which were the first devices used for measuring the parts of a day. Ancient Egyptian obelisks, constructed about 3500 BC, are also among the earliest shadow clocks. Title: The Rape of Proserpina Passage: The Rape of Proserpina () is a large Baroque marble sculptural group by Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini, executed between 1621 and 1622. Bernini was only 23 years old at its completion. It depicts the Abduction of Proserpina, who is seized and taken to the underworld by the god Pluto. Title: Osiris Passage: Osiris (/ oʊ ˈsaɪrɪs /, from Egyptian wsjr, Coptic ⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲉ) is an Egyptian god, identified as the god of the afterlife, the underworld, and the dead, but more appropriately as the god of transition, resurrection, and regeneration. He was classically depicted as a green - skinned deity with a pharaoh's beard, partially mummy - wrapped at the legs, wearing a distinctive crown with two large ostrich feathers at either side, and holding a symbolic crook and flail. Osiris was at times considered the oldest son of the god Geb, though other sources state his father is the sun - god Ra, and the sky goddess Nut, as well as being brother and husband of Isis, with Horus being considered his posthumously begotten son. He was also associated with the epithet Khenti - Amentiu, meaning ``Foremost of the Westerners '', a reference to his kingship in the land of the dead. As ruler of the dead, Osiris was also sometimes called`` king of the living'': ancient Egyptians considered the blessed dead ``the living ones ''. Through syncretism with Iah, he is also the god of the Moon. Title: History of medicine Passage: The earliest known physician is also credited to ancient Egypt: Hesy - Ra, ``Chief of Dentists and Physicians ''for King Djoser in the 27th century BCE. Also, the earliest known woman physician, Peseshet, practiced in Ancient Egypt at the time of the 4th dynasty. Her title was`` Lady Overseer of the Lady Physicians.'' In addition to her supervisory role, Peseshet trained midwives at an ancient Egyptian medical school in Sais. Title: Greek underworld Passage: In mythology, the Greek underworld is an otherworld where souls go after death. The original Greek idea of afterlife is that, at the moment of death, the soul is separated from the corpse, taking on the shape of the former person, and is transported to the entrance of the Underworld. The Underworld itself -- sometimes known as the realm of Hades -- is described as being either at the outer bounds of the ocean or beneath the depths or ends of the earth. It is considered the dark counterpart to the brightness of Mount Olympus with the kingdom of the dead corresponding to the kingdom of the gods. Hades is a realm invisible to the living, made solely for the dead. Title: Mark Lehner Passage: Mark Lehner is an American archaeologist with more than 30 years of experience excavating in Egypt. He was born in North Dakota in 1950. His approach, as director of Ancient Egypt Research Associates (AERA), is to conduct interdisciplinary archaeological investigation. Every excavated object is examined by specialists to create an overall picture of an archaeological site—from the buildings down to the pollen spores. His international team currently runs the Giza Plateau Mapping Project, excavating and mapping the ancient city of the builders of the Giza pyramid complex, which dates to the fourth dynasty of Egypt. He discovered that Pyramid G1-a, one of the subsidiary pyramids of the Great Pyramid, belonged to Hetepheres I; it was originally thought to belong to Queen Meritites I. Title: Lake Manzala Passage: Lake Manzala ( "baḥīrat manzala"), also Manzaleh, is a brackish lake, sometimes called a lagoon, in northeastern Egypt on the Nile Delta near Port Said and a few miles from the ancient ruins at Tanis. It is the largest of the northern deltaic lakes of Egypt. As of 2008 it is 47 km long and 30 km wide. Title: Hapi (Son of Horus) Passage: Hapi, sometimes transliterated as Hapy, is one of the Four sons of Horus in ancient Egyptian religion, depicted in funerary literature as protecting the throne of Osiris in the Underworld. Hapi was the son of Heru-ur and Isis or Serqet. He is not to be confused with another god of the same name. He is commonly depicted with the head of a hamadryas baboon, and is tasked with protecting the lungs of the deceased, hence the common depiction of a hamadryas baboon head sculpted as the lid of the canopic jar that held the lungs. Hapi is in turn protected by the goddess Nephthys. When his image appears on the side of a coffin, he is usually aligned with the side intended to face north. When embalming practices changed during the Third Intermediate Period and the mummified organs were placed back inside the body, an amulet of Hapi would be included in the body cavity. Title: Book of Exodus Passage: There is no unanimous agreement among scholars on the structure of Exodus. One strong possibility is that it is a diptych (i.e., divided into two parts), with the division between parts 1 and 2 at the crossing of the Red Sea or at the beginning of the theophany (appearance of God) in chapter 19. On this plan, the first part tells of God's rescue of his people from Egypt and their journey under his care to Sinai (chapters 1 -- 19) and the second tells of the covenant between them (chapters 20 -- 40). Title: Temple of Kom Ombo Passage: The Temple of Kom Ombo is an unusual double temple in the town of Kom Ombo in Aswan Governorate, Upper Egypt. It was constructed during the Ptolemaic dynasty, 180–47 BC. Some additions to it were later made during the Roman period. The building is unique because its 'double' design meant that there were courts, halls, sanctuaries and rooms duplicated for two sets of gods. The southern half of the temple was dedicated to the crocodile god Sobek, god of fertility and creator of the world with Hathor and Khonsu. Meanwhile, the northern part of the temple was dedicated to the falcon god Haroeris ("Horus the Elder"), along "with Tasenetnofret (the Good Sister, a special form of Hathor or Tefnet/Tefnut) and Panebtawy (Lord of the Two Lands)." The temple is atypical because everything is perfectly symmetrical along the main axis. Title: Romance of the Underworld Passage: Romance of the Underworld is a 1928 American silent film drama produced and distributed by Fox Film Corporation. Directed by Irving Cummings and starring Mary Astor. It is taken from a stage play called "A Romance of the Underworld" by Paul Armstrong. A previous version of the story was filmed as "A Romance of the Underworld" in 1918 by director James Kirkwood with Catherine Calvert in Astor's part. The 1928 film is extant at the Museum of Modern Art. And also in a European archive. Title: Ramose and the Tomb Robbers Passage: Ramose and the Tomb Robbers is a 2003 historical novel by British-born Australian author Carole Wilkinson. It is set in ancient Egypt. Title: The Exodus Passage: The story of the Exodus is told in the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, the last four of the five books of the Torah (also called the Pentateuch). It tells of the events that befell the Israelites following the death of Joseph, their departure from Egypt, and their wanderings in the wilderness, including the revelations at Sinai, up to their arrival at the borders of Canaan. The story begins with the Israelites in slavery in Egypt. Moses leads them out of Egypt and through the wilderness to Mount Sinai, where Yahweh reveals himself and offers them a Covenant: they are to keep his torah (i.e. law, instruction), and in return he will be their God and give them the land of Canaan. The Book of Leviticus records the laws of God. The Book of Numbers tells how the Israelites, led now by their God, journey on from Sinai towards Canaan, but when their spies report that the land is filled with giants they refuse to go on and Yahweh condemns them to remain in the desert until the generation that left Egypt passes away. After thirty - eight years at the oasis of Kadesh Barnea the next generation travel on to the borders of Canaan, where Moses addresses them for the final time and gives them further laws. The Exodus ends with the death of Moses on Mount Nebo and his burial by God, while the Israelites prepare for the conquest of the land. Title: Greek mythology Passage: According to Classical - era mythology, after the overthrow of the Titans, the new pantheon of gods and goddesses was confirmed. Among the principal Greek gods were the Olympians, residing on Mount Olympus under the eye of Zeus. (The limitation of their number to twelve seems to have been a comparatively modern idea.) Besides the Olympians, the Greeks worshipped various gods of the countryside, the satyr - god Pan, Nymphs (spirits of rivers), Naiads (who dwelled in springs), Dryads (who were spirits of the trees), Nereids (who inhabited the sea), river gods, Satyrs, and others. In addition, there were the dark powers of the underworld, such as the Erinyes (or Furies), said to pursue those guilty of crimes against blood - relatives. In order to honor the Ancient Greek pantheon, poets composed the Homeric Hymns (a group of thirty - three songs). Gregory Nagy regards ``the larger Homeric Hymns as simple preludes (compared with Theogony), each of which invokes one god ''. Title: Ambrosia Passage: In the ancient Greek myths, ambrosia (/ æmˈbroʊʒə /, Ancient Greek: ἀμβροσία, ``immortality '') is sometimes the food or drink of the Greek gods, often depicted as conferring longevity or immortality upon whoever consumed it. It was brought to the gods in Olympus by doves.	[ "Hapi (Son of Horus)", "Osiris" ]
2hop__263638_69048	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael J. Barron (born 1933) is the former chief judge of the Milwaukee County Circuit Court and a former member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.", "title": "Michael J. Barron" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of judges of the Supreme Court of India, the highest court in the Republic of India. The list is ordered according to seniority. There are currently 25 judges (including Chief Justice of India) against a maximum possible strength of 31. As per the Constitution of India, judges of the Supreme Court retire at age 65.", "title": "List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "R. Banumathi (born 20 July 1955) is a judge of the Supreme Court of India. She is from Tamil Nadu and the sixth woman to be a Judge of the Indian Supreme Court. Earlier, she had served as the Chief Justice of Jharkhand High Court and judge at Madras High Court.", "title": "R. Banumathi" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bart Magunda Katureebe is a Ugandan judge and the Chief Justice of Uganda. He was appointed to that position on 5 March 2015. Before that, he was a justice of the Supreme Court of Uganda.", "title": "Bart Magunda Katureebe" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As per the Constitution, as held by the court in the Three Judges' Cases -- (1982, 1993, 1998), a judge is appointed to the Supreme Court by the President of India on the recommendation of the collegium -- a closed group of the Chief Justice of India, the four most senior judges of the court and the senior-most judge hailing from the high court of a prospective appointee. This has resulted in a Memorandum of Procedure being followed, for the appointments.", "title": "Supreme Court of India" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rosaline Patricia Irorefe Bozimo (born 1 January 1946) is a Nigerian lawyer who was appointed Chief Justice of Delta State with effect from 23 March 2003. She retired on 1 January 2011 and was succeeded by Honorable Justice Abiodun Smith.", "title": "Rosaline Bozimo" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jasti Chelameswar (born 23 June 1953) was a judge of the Supreme Court of India. He retired on 22 June 2018 as the second most senior Supreme court judge. Earlier, he was the Chief Justice of the High Court of Kerala and Gauhati High Court. He was also one of the 4 judges who held a controversial press conference against the Chief Justice of India, Dipak Misra.", "title": "Jasti Chelameswar" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Article 124 (4) of Constitution of India lays down the procedure for removal of a Judge of Supreme Court which is applicable to Chief Justice as well. Once appointed, the Chief Justice remains in the office until the age of 65 years. He can be removed only through a process of impeachment by Parliament as follows:", "title": "Chief Justice of India" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The wife of Manoah is an unnamed figure the Book of Judges. She is introduced in Judges 13:2 as barren woman. The angel of the Lord appears to her and tells her she will have a son. She later gives birth to Samson.", "title": "Wife of Manoah" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chief Justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. As such, he is head of the United States federal court system, which functions as the judicial branch of the nation's federal government. The Chief Justice is one of nine Supreme Court justices; the other eight have the title Associate Justice.", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir (John) Mostyn Hanger (3 January 190811 August 1980) was a judge in the Australian state of Queensland, rising to become Chief Justice and Administrator of the state.", "title": "Mostyn Hanger" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When Shawn returns and unexpectedly declares the experiment a success (due to Michael's fake reports), he orders the humans to be brought to the real Bad Place and the neighborhood destroyed. He also promotes Michael to higher management. The group escapes with Michael's help, and they attempt to get to the Good Place by appealing to an entity known as the ``Judge ''(Maya Rudolph), who had once created a`` Medium Place'' for exactly one person. When Michael reveals that the Judge resides in a separate space that can only be reached by a portal in the Bad Place, the group ventures through the Bad Place offices to find it. They make it to the portal, and Michael sacrifices himself for the others, allowing himself to be captured by Shawn.", "title": "The Good Place" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2016, Adama Lamikanra is currently the acting Chief Judge of Rivers State. She is preceded by Daisy W. Okocha, the first woman to ever serve in that office.", "title": "Chief Judge of Rivers State" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bowie served as chief judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals from 1861 to 1867. In 1863, he was detained by Confederate general J.E.B. Stuart near Rockville, Maryland, but was released soon thereafter. He later served as chief judge of the sixth judicial circuit of Maryland, and as such also an associate judge of the court of appeals of Maryland, from November 7, 1871 until his death near Rockville. He is interred in Rockville Cemetery.", "title": "Richard Bowie" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Supreme court judges retire at the age of 65. However, there have been suggestions from the judges of the Supreme Court of India to provide for a fixed term for the judges including the Chief Justice of India.", "title": "Supreme Court of India" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Upon graduating from Yale Law School, Eleanor Swift clerked for Judge M. Joseph Blumenfeld of the U.S. District Court in Hartford and for Chief Judge David L. Bazelon of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. She then practiced in Houston with the firm of Vinson & Elkins.", "title": "Eleanor Swift" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jonathan Lippman (born May 19, 1945) is an American jurist who served as Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals from 2009 through 2015. He is currently Of Counsel in the Litigation & Trial Department of Latham & Watkins’ New York office.", "title": "Jonathan Lippman" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tebesa Nemine (born 8 February 1986 in Delta State, Nigeria) is a competitive swimmer from Nigeria and an aspiring Olympian. He is best known for winning 12 gold medals and one silver medal at the KADA 2009 Nigerian National Sports Festival in Kaduna.", "title": "Tebesa Nemine" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In every High Court, there is a Chief Justice and many other judges whose number is defined by the President of India.", "title": "Indian High Courts Act 1861" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1880 New York state election was held on November 2, 1880, to elect the Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.", "title": "1880 New York state election" } ]	Who is the Chief Judge of the Tebesa Nemine's birthplace?	Honorable Justice Abiodun Smith	[]	Title: Chief Judge of Rivers State Passage: As of 2016, Adama Lamikanra is currently the acting Chief Judge of Rivers State. She is preceded by Daisy W. Okocha, the first woman to ever serve in that office. Title: Tebesa Nemine Passage: Tebesa Nemine (born 8 February 1986 in Delta State, Nigeria) is a competitive swimmer from Nigeria and an aspiring Olympian. He is best known for winning 12 gold medals and one silver medal at the KADA 2009 Nigerian National Sports Festival in Kaduna. Title: Bart Magunda Katureebe Passage: Bart Magunda Katureebe is a Ugandan judge and the Chief Justice of Uganda. He was appointed to that position on 5 March 2015. Before that, he was a justice of the Supreme Court of Uganda. Title: Jasti Chelameswar Passage: Jasti Chelameswar (born 23 June 1953) was a judge of the Supreme Court of India. He retired on 22 June 2018 as the second most senior Supreme court judge. Earlier, he was the Chief Justice of the High Court of Kerala and Gauhati High Court. He was also one of the 4 judges who held a controversial press conference against the Chief Justice of India, Dipak Misra. Title: 1880 New York state election Passage: The 1880 New York state election was held on November 2, 1880, to elect the Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly. Title: Chief Justice of India Passage: Article 124 (4) of Constitution of India lays down the procedure for removal of a Judge of Supreme Court which is applicable to Chief Justice as well. Once appointed, the Chief Justice remains in the office until the age of 65 years. He can be removed only through a process of impeachment by Parliament as follows: Title: Wife of Manoah Passage: The wife of Manoah is an unnamed figure the Book of Judges. She is introduced in Judges 13:2 as barren woman. The angel of the Lord appears to her and tells her she will have a son. She later gives birth to Samson. Title: Eleanor Swift Passage: Upon graduating from Yale Law School, Eleanor Swift clerked for Judge M. Joseph Blumenfeld of the U.S. District Court in Hartford and for Chief Judge David L. Bazelon of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. She then practiced in Houston with the firm of Vinson & Elkins. Title: List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India Passage: This is a list of judges of the Supreme Court of India, the highest court in the Republic of India. The list is ordered according to seniority. There are currently 25 judges (including Chief Justice of India) against a maximum possible strength of 31. As per the Constitution of India, judges of the Supreme Court retire at age 65. Title: Chief Justice of the United States Passage: The Chief Justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. As such, he is head of the United States federal court system, which functions as the judicial branch of the nation's federal government. The Chief Justice is one of nine Supreme Court justices; the other eight have the title Associate Justice. Title: Jonathan Lippman Passage: Jonathan Lippman (born May 19, 1945) is an American jurist who served as Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals from 2009 through 2015. He is currently Of Counsel in the Litigation & Trial Department of Latham & Watkins’ New York office. Title: R. Banumathi Passage: R. Banumathi (born 20 July 1955) is a judge of the Supreme Court of India. She is from Tamil Nadu and the sixth woman to be a Judge of the Indian Supreme Court. Earlier, she had served as the Chief Justice of Jharkhand High Court and judge at Madras High Court. Title: Indian High Courts Act 1861 Passage: In every High Court, there is a Chief Justice and many other judges whose number is defined by the President of India. Title: Supreme Court of India Passage: Supreme court judges retire at the age of 65. However, there have been suggestions from the judges of the Supreme Court of India to provide for a fixed term for the judges including the Chief Justice of India. Title: Mostyn Hanger Passage: Sir (John) Mostyn Hanger (3 January 190811 August 1980) was a judge in the Australian state of Queensland, rising to become Chief Justice and Administrator of the state. Title: The Good Place Passage: When Shawn returns and unexpectedly declares the experiment a success (due to Michael's fake reports), he orders the humans to be brought to the real Bad Place and the neighborhood destroyed. He also promotes Michael to higher management. The group escapes with Michael's help, and they attempt to get to the Good Place by appealing to an entity known as the ``Judge ''(Maya Rudolph), who had once created a`` Medium Place'' for exactly one person. When Michael reveals that the Judge resides in a separate space that can only be reached by a portal in the Bad Place, the group ventures through the Bad Place offices to find it. They make it to the portal, and Michael sacrifices himself for the others, allowing himself to be captured by Shawn. Title: Michael J. Barron Passage: Michael J. Barron (born 1933) is the former chief judge of the Milwaukee County Circuit Court and a former member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. Title: Supreme Court of India Passage: As per the Constitution, as held by the court in the Three Judges' Cases -- (1982, 1993, 1998), a judge is appointed to the Supreme Court by the President of India on the recommendation of the collegium -- a closed group of the Chief Justice of India, the four most senior judges of the court and the senior-most judge hailing from the high court of a prospective appointee. This has resulted in a Memorandum of Procedure being followed, for the appointments. Title: Richard Bowie Passage: Bowie served as chief judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals from 1861 to 1867. In 1863, he was detained by Confederate general J.E.B. Stuart near Rockville, Maryland, but was released soon thereafter. He later served as chief judge of the sixth judicial circuit of Maryland, and as such also an associate judge of the court of appeals of Maryland, from November 7, 1871 until his death near Rockville. He is interred in Rockville Cemetery. Title: Rosaline Bozimo Passage: Rosaline Patricia Irorefe Bozimo (born 1 January 1946) is a Nigerian lawyer who was appointed Chief Justice of Delta State with effect from 23 March 2003. She retired on 1 January 2011 and was succeeded by Honorable Justice Abiodun Smith.	[ "Rosaline Bozimo", "Tebesa Nemine" ]
2hop__194469_83289	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Released on the Beatles' first UK album, Please Please Me (1963), the complete recording of which on February 11, 1963, was their first album session and is notable for 10 songs recorded in a mere 13 hours. Loosely based on the Isley Brothers version, ``Twist and Shout '', with John Lennon on lead vocals, was the last song recorded; producer George Martin knew Lennon's voice would suffer from the performance, so he left it until last, with only 15 minutes of scheduled recording time remaining.", "title": "Twist and Shout" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The IPCC Panel is composed of representatives appointed by governments and organizations. Participation of delegates with appropriate expertise is encouraged. Plenary sessions of the IPCC and IPCC Working groups are held at the level of government representatives. Non Governmental and Intergovernmental Organizations may be allowed to attend as observers. Sessions of the IPCC Bureau, workshops, expert and lead authors meetings are by invitation only. Attendance at the 2003 meeting included 350 government officials and climate change experts. After the opening ceremonies, closed plenary sessions were held. The meeting report states there were 322 persons in attendance at Sessions with about seven-eighths of participants being from governmental organizations.", "title": "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wizard of the Vibes is a Blue Note Records compilation of performances by jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson. The sessions were the work of The Thelonious Monk Quintet (the July 2, 1948 and July 23, 1951 sessions) and The Modern Jazz Quartet plus Lou Donaldson (a 1952 session). The album has been recompiled and expanded three additional times, with various tracks from these sessions added and deleted.", "title": "Wizard of the Vibes" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Big Brain Wolf is a video game developed and released by Frima Studio through Steam in 2009. The game was created with the participation of NeuroActive Program and Telefilm Canada.", "title": "Big Brain Wolf" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Land Before Time, is an American franchise of animated adventure films by Universal Studios centered on dinosaurs. The series began in 1988 with the eponymous The Land Before Time, directed and produced by Don Bluth and executive produced by George Lucas and Steven Spielberg. It was followed by a total of thirteen direct - to - video musical sequels, TV series, video games, soundtracks and related merchandising. Neither the sequels nor the series involve the participation of Bluth, Lucas, or Spielberg. All 14 films were released in a Complete Collection DVD set on June 14, 2016.", "title": "The Land Before Time" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Una Mas, on the front cover titled \"Una Mas (One More Time)\", is a jazz album by trumpeter Kenny Dorham and his quintet, released in 1963 on Blue Note as BLP 4127 and BST 84127. The album would be the next-to-last studio session led by the trumpeter, since after 1964, he began to fade and disappear from the jazz scenes. \"Una Mas\" features three compositions by Dorham himself and the jazz ballad \"If Ever I Would Leave You\", originally composed by Loewe/Lerner for the musical \"Camelot\".", "title": "Una Mas" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carleton North High School is a high school located in Florenceville-Bristol, New Brunswick. Carleton North High School is in the Anglophone West School District and one of the last schools in New Brunswick that participated in the New Brunswick Potato Picking Week.", "title": "Carleton North High School" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Listening Sessions was the first concert tour by American singer and actress Ariana Grande. The tour supported Grande's debut studio album, \"Yours Truly\", which was released September 3, 2013. The tour began on August 11, 2013 and concluded September 22, 2013 and showcased all of the material from Grande's debut studio album, with the exception of \"Popular Song\". The tour grossed $800,000 from 11 shows across North America. The tour was said to expand after the release of \"Yours Truly\", but failed to materialize due to Grande's acting schedule and recording sessions for her second studio album, \"My Everything\".", "title": "The Listening Sessions" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Super Star is the fourth studio album by Taiwanese girl group S.H.E. It was released on 22 August 2003. Ella suffered a back injury during the shooting of a television show one month before the album was released. Because of this, Ella is absent from some of the music videos. As of 2006, the single \"Super Star\" from this album has been S.H.E's biggest hit. German producer Roberto \"Geo\" Rosan and vocalist Jade Villalon, as Sweetbox, composed \"Super Star\" for S.H.E during the sessions for Sweetbox's Adagio, and they also released their own English version as a single at the time. In 2004, Canadian singer Skye Sweetnam re-recorded \"Super Star\" as \"Superstar\".", "title": "Super Star (S.H.E album)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of July 2017, four songs have exceeded 1 billion streams, with Drake's ``One Dance ''(featuring WizKid and Kyla) ranked in the top position. One factor for the streaming popularity of`` One Dance'' may be its lack of a music video, pushing listeners to streaming services rather than free platforms such as YouTube.", "title": "List of most-streamed songs on Spotify" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``... Baby One More Time ''was released on October 23, 1998 through Jive Records. It reached number one in every country it charted in, including the United Kingdom, where it earned double - platinum certification from the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) and became the country's best - selling song of 1999. The song is one of the best - selling singles of all time, with over 7 million copies sold. An accompanying music video, directed by Nigel Dick, portrays Spears as a student from a Catholic high school, who starts to daydream that she is singing and dancing around the school, while watching her love interest from afar. The music video was later referenced in the music video of`` If U Seek Amy'' (2009), where Spears's fictional daughter is dressed with a similar schoolgirl outfit while wearing pink ribbons in her hair. In 2010, the music video for ``... Baby One More Time ''was voted the third most influential video in the history of pop music, in a poll held by Jam!. In 2011,``... Baby One More Time'' was voted the best music video of the 1990s. It has been featured on all of her greatest hits and other compilation albums.", "title": "...Baby One More Time (song)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The man featured on the album cover was not a member of the Cure; he was chosen because his appearance fit the desired aesthetic of the album. His name is John Button, and was at the time a retired fisherman. He also appeared in the music video for ``Killing an Arab ''. According to the band's 2005 biography by Jeff Apter, when asked why he agreed to lend his face to the band's media, Button's answer was,`` If I can help these youngsters break through, after all, why not?'' He also reportedly said that he would buy a player and listen to one of the band's songs ``out of curiosity, just to see ''.", "title": "Standing on a Beach" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"...Baby One More Time\" was released on October 23, 1998 through Jive Records. It reached number one in at least 18 countries, including the United Kingdom, where it earned double-platinum certification from the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) and became the country's best-selling song of 1999. The song is one of the best-selling singles of all time, with over 10 million copies sold. An accompanying music video, directed by Nigel Dick, portrays Spears as a student from a Catholic high school, who starts to daydream that she is singing and dancing around the school, while watching her love interest from afar. The music video was later referenced in the music video of \"If U Seek Amy\" (2009), where Spears's fictional daughter is dressed with a similar schoolgirl outfit while wearing pink ribbons in her hair. In 2010, the music video for \"...Baby One More Time\" was voted the third most influential video in the history of pop music, in a poll held by Jam!. In 2011, \"...Baby One More Time\" was voted by Billboard to be the best music video of the 1990s. It has been featured on all of her greatest hits and other compilation albums.", "title": "...Baby One More Time (song)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Typical use of the various technologies described above include calling or conferencing on a one-on-one, one-to-many or many-to-many basis for personal, business, educational, deaf Video Relay Service and tele-medical, diagnostic and rehabilitative use or services. New services utilizing videocalling and videoconferencing, such as teachers and psychologists conducting online sessions, personal videocalls to inmates incarcerated in penitentiaries, and videoconferencing to resolve airline engineering issues at maintenance facilities, are being created or evolving on an ongoing basis.", "title": "Videotelephony" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ngoma qualified for the men's 200 m breaststroke at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, by receiving a Universality place from FINA, in an entry time of 2:23.00. He participated in heat one against two other swimmers Andrés Bicocca of Argentina and Nguyen Ngoc Anh of Vietnam. He closed out a small field to last place by almost 12 seconds behind winner Bicocca with a slowest time of 2:32.90. Ngoma failed to advance into the semifinals, as he placed forty-seventh overall in the prelims.", "title": "Leonard Ngoma" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "HERO5 Black and HERO5 Session were introduced in September 2016. In contrast to previous models, they are waterproof up to 10 m, support 4k video recording up to 30 fps, automatic upload of footage to cloud and voice controls.", "title": "GoPro" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Boy Scouts of America (BSA) is one of the largest Scouting organizations in the United States of America and one of the largest youth organizations in the United States, with more than 2.4 million youth participants and nearly one million adult volunteers. The BSA was founded in 1910, and since then, more than 110 million Americans have been participants in BSA programs at some time. The BSA is part of the international Scout Movement and became a founding member organization of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922.", "title": "Boy Scouts of America" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hollywood Video ceased operations in May 2010, when Movie Gallery, its parent company, declared Chapter 7 bankruptcy. Its last US store closed its doors on July 31, 2010, whereas the last official one in Canada closed on August 8 of that year.", "title": "Hollywood Video" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anne Cleary (born 1965 in Tullamore, Ireland) is an installation and video artist. She and her partner Denis Connolly, both architects by education, have developed an art practice centred on observer participation. Their work addresses a heterogeneous public and often involves collaboration with artists from other disciplines, in particular dancers (such as Cindy Cummings), writers (such as the poet Derry O'Sullivan), musicians (such as DinahBird and Jean-Philippe Renaud) and craftsmen (such as carriage-builder Neil McKenzie). They are among Ireland’s foremost new-media artists, regularly incorporating innovative new technologies into their work to produce art that is both engaging and significant. Cleary Connolly’s work is always participatory art, both in its creative process and in its final engagement with the spectator. They coined the term “observer participation” to describe their work, affirming that an artwork is not just an observation on the world but an active participation in the world. Over the last 5 years they have been awarded more than a dozen public commissions, in Ireland, Britain and France, each involving a participative process as well as the creation and installation of one or several permanent artworks.", "title": "Anne Cleary" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The music video was filmed in early January 2015 and it also stars Matt Bennett, who was also Grande's co-star from the Nickelodeon sitcom Victorious. Max Landis also confirmed that one of the voices of the news reporters in the beginning of the video was actress Elizabeth Gillies, who also co-starred in Victorious with Grande and Bennett. Gillies previously appeared Grande's music video for her single ``Right There ''(2013). Around that time, Max Landis revealed`` One Last Time'' as Grande's next single after tweeting, ``Earth will pass catastrophically through the tail of the comet Eurydice in one week. Gather family and lovers close, one... last... time ''. The lyric video for`` One Last Time'' was released on Grande's official Vevo on February 6, 2015, at the same time it was announced that the music video was finished. On February 12, 2015, three days before the release of the music video, Grande released a teaser of the music video via Instagram. The music video was visually presented as a found footage, similar to Landis' previous work Chronicle. The ``One Last Time ''music video was released on February 15, 2015 on Vevo. It surpassed 100 million views on June 8, making it Grande's sixth Vevo - certified music video after`` Love Me Harder''.", "title": "One Last Time (Ariana Grande song)" } ]	Who is the guy in the One Last Time video by the participant in The Listening Sessions?	Matt Bennett	[]	Title: Super Star (S.H.E album) Passage: Super Star is the fourth studio album by Taiwanese girl group S.H.E. It was released on 22 August 2003. Ella suffered a back injury during the shooting of a television show one month before the album was released. Because of this, Ella is absent from some of the music videos. As of 2006, the single "Super Star" from this album has been S.H.E's biggest hit. German producer Roberto "Geo" Rosan and vocalist Jade Villalon, as Sweetbox, composed "Super Star" for S.H.E during the sessions for Sweetbox's Adagio, and they also released their own English version as a single at the time. In 2004, Canadian singer Skye Sweetnam re-recorded "Super Star" as "Superstar". Title: Leonard Ngoma Passage: Ngoma qualified for the men's 200 m breaststroke at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, by receiving a Universality place from FINA, in an entry time of 2:23.00. He participated in heat one against two other swimmers Andrés Bicocca of Argentina and Nguyen Ngoc Anh of Vietnam. He closed out a small field to last place by almost 12 seconds behind winner Bicocca with a slowest time of 2:32.90. Ngoma failed to advance into the semifinals, as he placed forty-seventh overall in the prelims. Title: Carleton North High School Passage: Carleton North High School is a high school located in Florenceville-Bristol, New Brunswick. Carleton North High School is in the Anglophone West School District and one of the last schools in New Brunswick that participated in the New Brunswick Potato Picking Week. Title: List of most-streamed songs on Spotify Passage: As of July 2017, four songs have exceeded 1 billion streams, with Drake's ``One Dance ''(featuring WizKid and Kyla) ranked in the top position. One factor for the streaming popularity of`` One Dance'' may be its lack of a music video, pushing listeners to streaming services rather than free platforms such as YouTube. Title: Boy Scouts of America Passage: The Boy Scouts of America (BSA) is one of the largest Scouting organizations in the United States of America and one of the largest youth organizations in the United States, with more than 2.4 million youth participants and nearly one million adult volunteers. The BSA was founded in 1910, and since then, more than 110 million Americans have been participants in BSA programs at some time. The BSA is part of the international Scout Movement and became a founding member organization of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922. Title: Twist and Shout Passage: Released on the Beatles' first UK album, Please Please Me (1963), the complete recording of which on February 11, 1963, was their first album session and is notable for 10 songs recorded in a mere 13 hours. Loosely based on the Isley Brothers version, ``Twist and Shout '', with John Lennon on lead vocals, was the last song recorded; producer George Martin knew Lennon's voice would suffer from the performance, so he left it until last, with only 15 minutes of scheduled recording time remaining. Title: One Last Time (Ariana Grande song) Passage: The music video was filmed in early January 2015 and it also stars Matt Bennett, who was also Grande's co-star from the Nickelodeon sitcom Victorious. Max Landis also confirmed that one of the voices of the news reporters in the beginning of the video was actress Elizabeth Gillies, who also co-starred in Victorious with Grande and Bennett. Gillies previously appeared Grande's music video for her single ``Right There ''(2013). Around that time, Max Landis revealed`` One Last Time'' as Grande's next single after tweeting, ``Earth will pass catastrophically through the tail of the comet Eurydice in one week. Gather family and lovers close, one... last... time ''. The lyric video for`` One Last Time'' was released on Grande's official Vevo on February 6, 2015, at the same time it was announced that the music video was finished. On February 12, 2015, three days before the release of the music video, Grande released a teaser of the music video via Instagram. The music video was visually presented as a found footage, similar to Landis' previous work Chronicle. The ``One Last Time ''music video was released on February 15, 2015 on Vevo. It surpassed 100 million views on June 8, making it Grande's sixth Vevo - certified music video after`` Love Me Harder''. Title: Big Brain Wolf Passage: Big Brain Wolf is a video game developed and released by Frima Studio through Steam in 2009. The game was created with the participation of NeuroActive Program and Telefilm Canada. Title: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Passage: The IPCC Panel is composed of representatives appointed by governments and organizations. Participation of delegates with appropriate expertise is encouraged. Plenary sessions of the IPCC and IPCC Working groups are held at the level of government representatives. Non Governmental and Intergovernmental Organizations may be allowed to attend as observers. Sessions of the IPCC Bureau, workshops, expert and lead authors meetings are by invitation only. Attendance at the 2003 meeting included 350 government officials and climate change experts. After the opening ceremonies, closed plenary sessions were held. The meeting report states there were 322 persons in attendance at Sessions with about seven-eighths of participants being from governmental organizations. Title: Hollywood Video Passage: Hollywood Video ceased operations in May 2010, when Movie Gallery, its parent company, declared Chapter 7 bankruptcy. Its last US store closed its doors on July 31, 2010, whereas the last official one in Canada closed on August 8 of that year. Title: Una Mas Passage: Una Mas, on the front cover titled "Una Mas (One More Time)", is a jazz album by trumpeter Kenny Dorham and his quintet, released in 1963 on Blue Note as BLP 4127 and BST 84127. The album would be the next-to-last studio session led by the trumpeter, since after 1964, he began to fade and disappear from the jazz scenes. "Una Mas" features three compositions by Dorham himself and the jazz ballad "If Ever I Would Leave You", originally composed by Loewe/Lerner for the musical "Camelot". Title: ...Baby One More Time (song) Passage: "...Baby One More Time" was released on October 23, 1998 through Jive Records. It reached number one in at least 18 countries, including the United Kingdom, where it earned double-platinum certification from the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) and became the country's best-selling song of 1999. The song is one of the best-selling singles of all time, with over 10 million copies sold. An accompanying music video, directed by Nigel Dick, portrays Spears as a student from a Catholic high school, who starts to daydream that she is singing and dancing around the school, while watching her love interest from afar. The music video was later referenced in the music video of "If U Seek Amy" (2009), where Spears's fictional daughter is dressed with a similar schoolgirl outfit while wearing pink ribbons in her hair. In 2010, the music video for "...Baby One More Time" was voted the third most influential video in the history of pop music, in a poll held by Jam!. In 2011, "...Baby One More Time" was voted by Billboard to be the best music video of the 1990s. It has been featured on all of her greatest hits and other compilation albums. Title: Anne Cleary Passage: Anne Cleary (born 1965 in Tullamore, Ireland) is an installation and video artist. She and her partner Denis Connolly, both architects by education, have developed an art practice centred on observer participation. Their work addresses a heterogeneous public and often involves collaboration with artists from other disciplines, in particular dancers (such as Cindy Cummings), writers (such as the poet Derry O'Sullivan), musicians (such as DinahBird and Jean-Philippe Renaud) and craftsmen (such as carriage-builder Neil McKenzie). They are among Ireland’s foremost new-media artists, regularly incorporating innovative new technologies into their work to produce art that is both engaging and significant. Cleary Connolly’s work is always participatory art, both in its creative process and in its final engagement with the spectator. They coined the term “observer participation” to describe their work, affirming that an artwork is not just an observation on the world but an active participation in the world. Over the last 5 years they have been awarded more than a dozen public commissions, in Ireland, Britain and France, each involving a participative process as well as the creation and installation of one or several permanent artworks. Title: Videotelephony Passage: Typical use of the various technologies described above include calling or conferencing on a one-on-one, one-to-many or many-to-many basis for personal, business, educational, deaf Video Relay Service and tele-medical, diagnostic and rehabilitative use or services. New services utilizing videocalling and videoconferencing, such as teachers and psychologists conducting online sessions, personal videocalls to inmates incarcerated in penitentiaries, and videoconferencing to resolve airline engineering issues at maintenance facilities, are being created or evolving on an ongoing basis. Title: Standing on a Beach Passage: The man featured on the album cover was not a member of the Cure; he was chosen because his appearance fit the desired aesthetic of the album. His name is John Button, and was at the time a retired fisherman. He also appeared in the music video for ``Killing an Arab ''. According to the band's 2005 biography by Jeff Apter, when asked why he agreed to lend his face to the band's media, Button's answer was,`` If I can help these youngsters break through, after all, why not?'' He also reportedly said that he would buy a player and listen to one of the band's songs ``out of curiosity, just to see ''. Title: ...Baby One More Time (song) Passage: ``... Baby One More Time ''was released on October 23, 1998 through Jive Records. It reached number one in every country it charted in, including the United Kingdom, where it earned double - platinum certification from the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) and became the country's best - selling song of 1999. The song is one of the best - selling singles of all time, with over 7 million copies sold. An accompanying music video, directed by Nigel Dick, portrays Spears as a student from a Catholic high school, who starts to daydream that she is singing and dancing around the school, while watching her love interest from afar. The music video was later referenced in the music video of`` If U Seek Amy'' (2009), where Spears's fictional daughter is dressed with a similar schoolgirl outfit while wearing pink ribbons in her hair. In 2010, the music video for ``... Baby One More Time ''was voted the third most influential video in the history of pop music, in a poll held by Jam!. In 2011,``... Baby One More Time'' was voted the best music video of the 1990s. It has been featured on all of her greatest hits and other compilation albums. Title: Wizard of the Vibes Passage: Wizard of the Vibes is a Blue Note Records compilation of performances by jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson. The sessions were the work of The Thelonious Monk Quintet (the July 2, 1948 and July 23, 1951 sessions) and The Modern Jazz Quartet plus Lou Donaldson (a 1952 session). The album has been recompiled and expanded three additional times, with various tracks from these sessions added and deleted. Title: GoPro Passage: HERO5 Black and HERO5 Session were introduced in September 2016. In contrast to previous models, they are waterproof up to 10 m, support 4k video recording up to 30 fps, automatic upload of footage to cloud and voice controls. Title: The Land Before Time Passage: The Land Before Time, is an American franchise of animated adventure films by Universal Studios centered on dinosaurs. The series began in 1988 with the eponymous The Land Before Time, directed and produced by Don Bluth and executive produced by George Lucas and Steven Spielberg. It was followed by a total of thirteen direct - to - video musical sequels, TV series, video games, soundtracks and related merchandising. Neither the sequels nor the series involve the participation of Bluth, Lucas, or Spielberg. All 14 films were released in a Complete Collection DVD set on June 14, 2016. Title: The Listening Sessions Passage: The Listening Sessions was the first concert tour by American singer and actress Ariana Grande. The tour supported Grande's debut studio album, "Yours Truly", which was released September 3, 2013. The tour began on August 11, 2013 and concluded September 22, 2013 and showcased all of the material from Grande's debut studio album, with the exception of "Popular Song". The tour grossed $800,000 from 11 shows across North America. The tour was said to expand after the release of "Yours Truly", but failed to materialize due to Grande's acting schedule and recording sessions for her second studio album, "My Everything".	[ "The Listening Sessions", "One Last Time (Ariana Grande song)" ]
2hop__95687_577502	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Last Day of Summer is a 2009 drama-comedy film written, produced and directed by Vlad Yudin of The Vladar Company, featuring DJ Qualls, Nikki Reed, and William Sadler.", "title": "Last Day of Summer" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Teri Bauer 24 character Leslie Hope as Teri Bauer First appearance Day 1 -- Episode 1 Last appearance Day 1 -- Episode 24 Portrayed by Leslie Hope Days Information Spouse (s) Jack Bauer Children Kim Bauer", "title": "List of 24 characters" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vanna Vanna Pookkal () is a 1992 Indian Tamil film, directed by Balu Mahendra, starring Prashanth, Mounika and Vinodhini. The film, produced by S. Thanu, had musical score by Ilaiyaraaja. It won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil at the 39th National Film Awards. The film completed a 100-day run at the box-office. The film was dubbed in Telugu as \"Prema Paatam\".", "title": "Vanna Vanna Pookkal" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thalattu Ketkuthamma () is a 1991 Tamil-language drama film directed by Raj Kapoor in his directorial debut. The film features Prabhu and Kanaka in lead roles. The film, produced by Vijayalakshmi Srinivasan and Kanchana Sivaraman, had musical score by Ilaiyaraaja and was released on 5 November 1991. The film completed a 100-day run. It was remade in Telugu as \"Chittemma Mogudu\".", "title": "Thalattu Ketkuthamma" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Everything Will Be OK is a 2006 animated short film by Don Hertzfeldt. It is the first chapter of a three-part story about a man named Bill. Hertzfeldt released the second film in the series, titled \"I Am So Proud of You\", in 2008. The final chapter, \"It's Such a Beautiful Day,\" was released in 2011. The entire three-part story was then edited together and released as a seamless feature film in 2012, also titled \"It's Such a Beautiful Day.\"", "title": "Everything Will Be OK" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Frankfurt was a four-day struggle for control of Frankfurt am Main during World War II. The 5th Infantry Division conducted the main attack while the 6th Armored Division provided support. The city was defended by the LXXX Corps of the Seventh Army.", "title": "Battle of Frankfurt" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When You Hear the Bells () is a 1969 Croatian war film directed by Antun Vrdoljak. It was entered into the 6th Moscow International Film Festival where it won a Silver Prize.", "title": "When You Hear the Bells" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "First Graders (, \"Avalihā...\") is a 1984 Iranian documentary feature film directed by Abbas Kiarostami, in which a hidden camera follows a group of first graders during a day at school.", "title": "First Graders" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Several prominent Americans figure among Chretien du Bois' descendants, including former governor of Massachusetts William Floyd Weld, actor Marlon Brando, Jr., painter Mary Cassatt, journalist Maria Shriver (wife of California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger), Samuel Walton, General George Smith Patton III and film director George Lucas. W. E. B. Du Bois is also said to be a descendant.", "title": "Chrétien DuBois" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wanton of Spain () is a 1969 Spanish drama film directed by César Fernández Ardavín. The film was selected as the Spanish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 42nd Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. It was also entered into the 6th Moscow International Film Festival.", "title": "The Wanton of Spain" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seven Days Grace () is a 1969 West German crime film directed by Alfred Vohrer. It was entered into the 6th Moscow International Film Festival.", "title": "Seven Days Grace" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 6th Day is a 2000 American science fiction action film directed by Roger Spottiswoode and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Tony Goldwyn, Michael Rapaport and Robert Duvall. In the film, a family man of the future is illegally cloned by accident as part of a vast conspiracy involving a shady billionaire businessman, and is thrust into a struggle to clear his name and protect his family from the conspirators who seek to keep the cloning a secret. The title refers to the Christian Genesis creation narrative, where God created mankind on the sixth day. The film was Terry Crews' acting debut.", "title": "The 6th Day" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heap Big Chief is a 1919 American short comedy film featuring Harold Lloyd. Previously thought to be a lost film, a print was located at the Cinema Museum in London in 2018, and the recovered film was first shown to audiences on the second day of the Silent Laughter Weekend on 28 April 2019.", "title": "Heap Big Chief" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christian denominations consider seven to be a holy number because Genesis says that God rested on the 7th day and man was created on the 6th day. Because God rested on the 7th day, that is the reason for the observance of the Hebrew Sabbath on the last day of the week. The 7th day of the week is indicated on the Hebrew Lunar calendar containing 13 months of four weeks each. According to the American publication, the Orthodox Study Bible, 777 represents the threefold perfection of the Trinity. The number 777, as triple 7, can be contrasted against triple 6, for the Number of the Beast as 666 (rather than variant 616).", "title": "777 (number)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Random Hearts is a 1999 American romantic drama film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Harrison Ford and Kristin Scott Thomas. Based on the 1984 novel of the same name by Warren Adler, the film is about a police officer and a Congresswoman who discover that their spouses were having an affair prior to being killed in an air disaster.", "title": "Random Hearts" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heavenly Days is a 1944 film starring Fibber McGee and Molly. It was the third and final feature film to feature the popular radio characters; unlike the two previous entries, none of the radio show's supporting cast members appeared in this film.", "title": "Heavenly Days" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "06/05, called \"May 6th\" in English-speaking countries, is a Dutch 2004 film directed by Theo van Gogh, based on the novel \"De Zesde Mei\" by Tomas Ross.", "title": "06/05" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Day After Trinity (a.k.a. The Day After Trinity: J. Robert Oppenheimer and the Atomic Bomb) is a 1980 documentary film directed and produced by Jon H. Else in association with KTEH public television in San Jose, California. The film tells the story of J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904–1967), the theoretical physicist who led the effort to build the first atomic bomb, tested in July 1945 at Trinity site in New Mexico. Featuring candid interviews with several Manhattan Project scientists, as well as newly declassified archival footage, \"The Day After Trinity\" was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature of 1980, and received a Peabody Award in 1981.", "title": "The Day After Trinity" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gold is a 1932 American Pre-Code Western film directed by Otto Brower. An early sound B western, the film starred Jack Hoxie in the second of his six sound westerns, featuring Hooper Atchley as the villain Kramer. The film also marked the last screen appearance of silent movie actress Alice Day.", "title": "Gold (1932 film)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There Will Be Blood is a 2007 American drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson. It stars Daniel Day - Lewis and Paul Dano. The film was inspired by Upton Sinclair's novel Oil! It tells the story of a silver miner - turned - oilman (Day - Lewis) on a ruthless quest for wealth during Southern California's oil boom of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Kevin J. O'Connor, Ciarán Hinds, and Dillon Freasier are also featured in the film.", "title": "There Will Be Blood" } ]	Who is the spouse of the leading actor in the film The 6th Day?	Maria Shriver	[]	Title: List of 24 characters Passage: Teri Bauer 24 character Leslie Hope as Teri Bauer First appearance Day 1 -- Episode 1 Last appearance Day 1 -- Episode 24 Portrayed by Leslie Hope Days Information Spouse (s) Jack Bauer Children Kim Bauer Title: Everything Will Be OK Passage: Everything Will Be OK is a 2006 animated short film by Don Hertzfeldt. It is the first chapter of a three-part story about a man named Bill. Hertzfeldt released the second film in the series, titled "I Am So Proud of You", in 2008. The final chapter, "It's Such a Beautiful Day," was released in 2011. The entire three-part story was then edited together and released as a seamless feature film in 2012, also titled "It's Such a Beautiful Day." Title: Battle of Frankfurt Passage: The Battle of Frankfurt was a four-day struggle for control of Frankfurt am Main during World War II. The 5th Infantry Division conducted the main attack while the 6th Armored Division provided support. The city was defended by the LXXX Corps of the Seventh Army. Title: There Will Be Blood Passage: There Will Be Blood is a 2007 American drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson. It stars Daniel Day - Lewis and Paul Dano. The film was inspired by Upton Sinclair's novel Oil! It tells the story of a silver miner - turned - oilman (Day - Lewis) on a ruthless quest for wealth during Southern California's oil boom of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Kevin J. O'Connor, Ciarán Hinds, and Dillon Freasier are also featured in the film. Title: Gold (1932 film) Passage: Gold is a 1932 American Pre-Code Western film directed by Otto Brower. An early sound B western, the film starred Jack Hoxie in the second of his six sound westerns, featuring Hooper Atchley as the villain Kramer. The film also marked the last screen appearance of silent movie actress Alice Day. Title: Thalattu Ketkuthamma Passage: Thalattu Ketkuthamma () is a 1991 Tamil-language drama film directed by Raj Kapoor in his directorial debut. The film features Prabhu and Kanaka in lead roles. The film, produced by Vijayalakshmi Srinivasan and Kanchana Sivaraman, had musical score by Ilaiyaraaja and was released on 5 November 1991. The film completed a 100-day run. It was remade in Telugu as "Chittemma Mogudu". Title: The 6th Day Passage: The 6th Day is a 2000 American science fiction action film directed by Roger Spottiswoode and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Tony Goldwyn, Michael Rapaport and Robert Duvall. In the film, a family man of the future is illegally cloned by accident as part of a vast conspiracy involving a shady billionaire businessman, and is thrust into a struggle to clear his name and protect his family from the conspirators who seek to keep the cloning a secret. The title refers to the Christian Genesis creation narrative, where God created mankind on the sixth day. The film was Terry Crews' acting debut. Title: When You Hear the Bells Passage: When You Hear the Bells () is a 1969 Croatian war film directed by Antun Vrdoljak. It was entered into the 6th Moscow International Film Festival where it won a Silver Prize. Title: Seven Days Grace Passage: Seven Days Grace () is a 1969 West German crime film directed by Alfred Vohrer. It was entered into the 6th Moscow International Film Festival. Title: Vanna Vanna Pookkal Passage: Vanna Vanna Pookkal () is a 1992 Indian Tamil film, directed by Balu Mahendra, starring Prashanth, Mounika and Vinodhini. The film, produced by S. Thanu, had musical score by Ilaiyaraaja. It won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil at the 39th National Film Awards. The film completed a 100-day run at the box-office. The film was dubbed in Telugu as "Prema Paatam". Title: Chrétien DuBois Passage: Several prominent Americans figure among Chretien du Bois' descendants, including former governor of Massachusetts William Floyd Weld, actor Marlon Brando, Jr., painter Mary Cassatt, journalist Maria Shriver (wife of California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger), Samuel Walton, General George Smith Patton III and film director George Lucas. W. E. B. Du Bois is also said to be a descendant. Title: Heavenly Days Passage: Heavenly Days is a 1944 film starring Fibber McGee and Molly. It was the third and final feature film to feature the popular radio characters; unlike the two previous entries, none of the radio show's supporting cast members appeared in this film. Title: Random Hearts Passage: Random Hearts is a 1999 American romantic drama film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Harrison Ford and Kristin Scott Thomas. Based on the 1984 novel of the same name by Warren Adler, the film is about a police officer and a Congresswoman who discover that their spouses were having an affair prior to being killed in an air disaster. Title: The Day After Trinity Passage: The Day After Trinity (a.k.a. The Day After Trinity: J. Robert Oppenheimer and the Atomic Bomb) is a 1980 documentary film directed and produced by Jon H. Else in association with KTEH public television in San Jose, California. The film tells the story of J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904–1967), the theoretical physicist who led the effort to build the first atomic bomb, tested in July 1945 at Trinity site in New Mexico. Featuring candid interviews with several Manhattan Project scientists, as well as newly declassified archival footage, "The Day After Trinity" was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature of 1980, and received a Peabody Award in 1981. Title: Last Day of Summer Passage: Last Day of Summer is a 2009 drama-comedy film written, produced and directed by Vlad Yudin of The Vladar Company, featuring DJ Qualls, Nikki Reed, and William Sadler. Title: First Graders Passage: First Graders (, "Avalihā...") is a 1984 Iranian documentary feature film directed by Abbas Kiarostami, in which a hidden camera follows a group of first graders during a day at school. Title: 777 (number) Passage: Christian denominations consider seven to be a holy number because Genesis says that God rested on the 7th day and man was created on the 6th day. Because God rested on the 7th day, that is the reason for the observance of the Hebrew Sabbath on the last day of the week. The 7th day of the week is indicated on the Hebrew Lunar calendar containing 13 months of four weeks each. According to the American publication, the Orthodox Study Bible, 777 represents the threefold perfection of the Trinity. The number 777, as triple 7, can be contrasted against triple 6, for the Number of the Beast as 666 (rather than variant 616). Title: 06/05 Passage: 06/05, called "May 6th" in English-speaking countries, is a Dutch 2004 film directed by Theo van Gogh, based on the novel "De Zesde Mei" by Tomas Ross. Title: The Wanton of Spain Passage: The Wanton of Spain () is a 1969 Spanish drama film directed by César Fernández Ardavín. The film was selected as the Spanish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 42nd Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. It was also entered into the 6th Moscow International Film Festival. Title: Heap Big Chief Passage: Heap Big Chief is a 1919 American short comedy film featuring Harold Lloyd. Previously thought to be a lost film, a print was located at the Cinema Museum in London in 2018, and the recovered film was first shown to audiences on the second day of the Silent Laughter Weekend on 28 April 2019.	[ "Chrétien DuBois", "The 6th Day" ]
2hop__450608_373421	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kochyovsky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Komi-Permyak Okrug of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Kochyovsky Municipal District. It is located in the northwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a \"selo\") of Kochyovo. Population: The population of Kochyovo accounts for 31.4% of the district's total population.", "title": "Kochyovsky District" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tashtagolsky District () is an administrative district (raion), one of the nineteen in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Tashtagolsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Tashtagol (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 34,545 (2002 Census);", "title": "Tashtagolsky District" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buzuluksky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-five in Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Buzuluk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 31,071 (2010 Census);", "title": "Buzuluksky District" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Ukmergė District Municipality is a municipality in Vilnius County, Lithuania. The capital of the municipality is Ukmergė, the largest settlement and only city in the municipality. The entire municipality belongs to Aukštaitija ethnographic region.", "title": "Ukmergė District Municipality" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "title": "Minsk Region" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ulchsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a \"selo\") of Bogorodskoye. Population: The population of Bogorodskoye accounts for 20.8% of the district's total population.", "title": "Ulchsky District" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Slavyansky District () is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Slavyansky Municipal District. It is located in the west of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Slavyansk-na-Kubani (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Slavyansky District" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shenkursky District () is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Shenkursky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Vinogradovsky District in the north, Verkhnetoyemsky District in the east, Ustyansky District in the southeast, Velsky District in the south, Nyandomsky District in the west, and with Plesetsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Shenkursk. Population: The population of Shenkursk accounts for 37.5% of the district's total population.", "title": "Shenkursky District" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cherdynsky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Cherdynsky Municipal District. It is located in the north and northeast of the krai and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Krasnovishersky District in the east, Solikamsky District in the south, Kosinsky District in the southwest, and with Gaynsky District in the west. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Cherdyn. Population: The population of Cherdyn accounts for 20.0% of the district's total population.", "title": "Cherdynsky District" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Irkutsky District () is an administrative district, one of the thirty-three in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Irkutsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Irkutsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 84,322.", "title": "Irkutsky District" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leninsk-Kuznetsky District (, ) is an administrative district (raion), one of the nineteen in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Leninsk-Kuznetsky Municipal District. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Leninsk-Kuznetsky (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 27,825 (2002 Census);", "title": "Leninsk-Kuznetsky District" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shmidtovsky District () was an administrative district (raion) of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia, which existed in 1973–2011. As a municipal division, it was, together with Iultinsky Administrative District, incorporated as Iultinsky Municipal District. It was located in the far north of the autonomous okrug and bordered with Iultinsky District in the east, Anadyrsky District in the south, and with Chaunsky District in the west. The area of the district was . Its administrative center was the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Mys Shmidta. Population: The population of Mys Shmidta accounted for 33.5% of the district's total population.", "title": "Shmidtovsky District" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oboyansky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Oboyan. Population: 35,815 (2002 Census); The population of Oboyan accounts for 43.7% of the district's total population.", "title": "Oboyansky District" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mikhaylovsky District () is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is a part of Mikhaylovka Urban Okrug. It is located in the northwestern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Mikhaylovka (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 25,978 (2002 Census);", "title": "Mikhaylovsky District, Volgograd Oblast" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Batetsky () is a rural locality (a settlement of rural type) and the administrative center of Batetsky District, Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located in the northwest of the oblast, on the banks of the Udrayka River (a right tributary of the Luga). It also serves as the administrative center of Batetskoye Settlement, one of the three settlements into which the district is administratively divided. Municipally, it is the administrative center of Batetskoye Rural Settlement in Batetsky Municipal District. Population:", "title": "Batetsky (rural locality)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Poronaysky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia; one of the seventeen in the oblast. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Poronaysky Urban Okrug. It is located in the eastern central part of the Island of Sakhalin. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Poronaysk. Population (excluding the administrative center):", "title": "Poronaysky District" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khanty-Mansiysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It is located in the center of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Khanty-Mansiysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 19,362.", "title": "Khanty-Mansiysky District" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prokhladnensky District (; ; ) is an administrative and a municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Prokhladny (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 45,533.", "title": "Prokhladnensky District" } ]	What is the county where Ukmergė District Municipality is located one of?	counties of Lithuania	[ "lt", "Lithuania" ]	Title: Oboyansky District Passage: Oboyansky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Oboyan. Population: 35,815 (2002 Census); The population of Oboyan accounts for 43.7% of the district's total population. Title: Shmidtovsky District Passage: Shmidtovsky District () was an administrative district (raion) of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia, which existed in 1973–2011. As a municipal division, it was, together with Iultinsky Administrative District, incorporated as Iultinsky Municipal District. It was located in the far north of the autonomous okrug and bordered with Iultinsky District in the east, Anadyrsky District in the south, and with Chaunsky District in the west. The area of the district was . Its administrative center was the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Mys Shmidta. Population: The population of Mys Shmidta accounted for 33.5% of the district's total population. Title: Mikhaylovsky District, Volgograd Oblast Passage: Mikhaylovsky District () is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is a part of Mikhaylovka Urban Okrug. It is located in the northwestern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Mikhaylovka (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 25,978 (2002 Census); Title: Ulchsky District Passage: Ulchsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a "selo") of Bogorodskoye. Population: The population of Bogorodskoye accounts for 20.8% of the district's total population. Title: Cherdynsky District Passage: Cherdynsky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Cherdynsky Municipal District. It is located in the north and northeast of the krai and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Krasnovishersky District in the east, Solikamsky District in the south, Kosinsky District in the southwest, and with Gaynsky District in the west. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Cherdyn. Population: The population of Cherdyn accounts for 20.0% of the district's total population. Title: Poronaysky District Passage: Poronaysky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia; one of the seventeen in the oblast. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Poronaysky Urban Okrug. It is located in the eastern central part of the Island of Sakhalin. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Poronaysk. Population (excluding the administrative center): Title: Khanty-Mansiysky District Passage: Khanty-Mansiysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It is located in the center of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Khanty-Mansiysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 19,362. Title: Federalism Passage: Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a "little constitution", called "organic law" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly. Title: Shenkursky District Passage: Shenkursky District () is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Shenkursky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Vinogradovsky District in the north, Verkhnetoyemsky District in the east, Ustyansky District in the southeast, Velsky District in the south, Nyandomsky District in the west, and with Plesetsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Shenkursk. Population: The population of Shenkursk accounts for 37.5% of the district's total population. Title: Kochyovsky District Passage: Kochyovsky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Komi-Permyak Okrug of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Kochyovsky Municipal District. It is located in the northwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a "selo") of Kochyovo. Population: The population of Kochyovo accounts for 31.4% of the district's total population. Title: Irkutsky District Passage: Irkutsky District () is an administrative district, one of the thirty-three in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Irkutsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Irkutsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 84,322. Title: Tashtagolsky District Passage: Tashtagolsky District () is an administrative district (raion), one of the nineteen in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Tashtagolsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Tashtagol (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 34,545 (2002 Census); Title: Minsk Region Passage: Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, "Minskaja vobłasć" ; , "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500. Title: Batetsky (rural locality) Passage: Batetsky () is a rural locality (a settlement of rural type) and the administrative center of Batetsky District, Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located in the northwest of the oblast, on the banks of the Udrayka River (a right tributary of the Luga). It also serves as the administrative center of Batetskoye Settlement, one of the three settlements into which the district is administratively divided. Municipally, it is the administrative center of Batetskoye Rural Settlement in Batetsky Municipal District. Population: Title: Ukmergė District Municipality Passage: The Ukmergė District Municipality is a municipality in Vilnius County, Lithuania. The capital of the municipality is Ukmergė, the largest settlement and only city in the municipality. The entire municipality belongs to Aukštaitija ethnographic region. Title: Slavyansky District Passage: Slavyansky District () is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Slavyansky Municipal District. It is located in the west of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Slavyansk-na-Kubani (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: Title: Vilnius County Passage: Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Title: Leninsk-Kuznetsky District Passage: Leninsk-Kuznetsky District (, ) is an administrative district (raion), one of the nineteen in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Leninsk-Kuznetsky Municipal District. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Leninsk-Kuznetsky (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 27,825 (2002 Census); Title: Prokhladnensky District Passage: Prokhladnensky District (; ; ) is an administrative and a municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Prokhladny (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 45,533. Title: Buzuluksky District Passage: Buzuluksky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-five in Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Buzuluk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 31,071 (2010 Census);	[ "Ukmergė District Municipality", "Vilnius County" ]
2hop__569582_304416	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Something Personal is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967.", "title": "Something Personal" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Groovin' with Golson is the sixth album by saxophonist Benny Golson featuring performances recorded in 1959 and originally released on the New Jazz label.", "title": "Groovin' with Golson" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Shake Ya Ass ''Single by Mystikal from the album Let's Get Ready B - side`` Shake It Fast'' Released July 18, 2000 (2000 - 07 - 18) Format Vinyl, CD Recorded Master Sound Studios (Virginia Beach, Virginia) Genre Hip hop Length 4: 20 Label Jive Songwriter (s) Michael Tyler, Pharrell Williams, Chad Hugo Producer (s) The Neptunes Mystikal singles chronology ``Live or Die ''(1999)`` Shake Ya Ass'' (2000) ``Danger (Been So Long) ''(2000)`` Live or Die'' (1999) ``Shake Ya Ass ''(2000)`` Danger (Been So Long)'' (2000)", "title": "Shake Ya Ass" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541.", "title": "Tijuana Jazz" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Soundsigns is an album by the American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman of performances recorded in 1978 for the Galaxy label.", "title": "Soundsigns" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grant's First Stand is the debut album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances by Green recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1961. Earlier recordings made by Green for Blue Note were released as \"First Session\" in 2001.", "title": "Grant's First Stand" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "King Island Roxystars Recordings AB, more known as Roxy Recordings, or Roxy is an independent record label based in Kungsholmen, Stockholm, Sweden where their office is the former site of Cheiron Studios and its successor The Location. It was bought by Universal Music Group in August 2011. The label was formed in 2007 and is owned by Playground Music Scandinavia . The label is mostly active on the Swedish market, but with former signed artists such as Agnes Carlsson and Erik Hassle, they have made an international leap. Agnes was the first one out, selling almost one million copies of her international hit single \"Release Me\" in 2009 and being released under Roxy's licence in 35 countries. Erik Hassle was successful with his hit \"Hurtful\" in among others, the UK. Victor Finke, also known under his stage name DEEVA, had a successful streaming hit with \"Space Dance\".", "title": "Roxy Recordings" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Almost Made Ya is an R&B song by American duo Ali & Gipp, for the debut album, \"Kinfolk\" (2007). The song samples Brandy's \"Almost Doesn't Count\". The song is about a relationship between a female and a male; LeToya sings that she is \"almost done\" with her man, that \"they\" need improve the relationship, while the men say about the situation they've been passing. The song leaked on April 13, 2007 and officially released (for commercial purposes) on Sunday, June 13, 2007. The song was written by LeToya Luckett, Jermaine Dupri, Ali Vaskabi-Waski-Jones, Cameron Gipp, Shelly Peiken and Guy Roche", "title": "Almost Made Ya" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Three for Shepp is the debut album by American saxophonist Marion Brown featuring performances recorded in 1966 for the Impulse! label.", "title": "Three for Shepp" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Foolin' Myself is an album of trio performances by the American jazz pianist Jaki Byard recorded in 1988 and released on the Italian Soul Note label.", "title": "Foolin' Myself" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kinfolk is the debut and only album by American rap duo Ali & Gipp, released on August 14, 2007, through Derrty Entertainment and Universal Records. The first single off the album was already released, called \"Go 'Head\" featuring Chocolate Tai. The second single is \"N da Paint\" featuring Nelly. The third single is \"Work Dat, Twerk Dat\" featuring Murphy Lee. The fourth and final single is \"Almost Made Ya\" featuring LeToya Luckett.", "title": "Kinfolk (album)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label. The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn.", "title": "Jazz Contemporary" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "More Blues and the Abstract Truth is an album by American jazz composer, conductor and arranger Oliver Nelson featuring performances recorded in 1964 for the Impulse! label.", "title": "More Blues and the Abstract Truth" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Main Attraction is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the Kudu label.", "title": "The Main Attraction (album)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After releasing her debut single \"Eternal Memories\" (1999) Crystal Kay gained fame for her third studio album, \"Almost Seventeen\" (2002), which debuted at number 2 on the Japanese Oricon charts. \"Almost Seventeen\" eventually sold over 400,000 copies and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan. Crystal Kay, formerly signed to Epic Records, a sub-label of Sony Music Japan for 12 years, suddenly transferred to Delicious Deli Records, a sub-label of Universal Music Japan in 2011.", "title": "Crystal Kay" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label.", "title": "Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances with Ernie Henry recorded in 1957 and released on the Riverside label. This was Henry's last recording session.", "title": "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It's What's Happenin' (subtitled The Varitone Sound of Clark Terry) is an album by American jazz trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1967 for the Impulse! label. Remastered in 2012 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Impulse! Records, it was reissued together with Terry's only other record for the label as a solo leader, \"The Happy Horns of Clark Terry\".", "title": "It's What's Happenin'" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Look What I Almost Stepped In... is the eighth studio album by the southern California punk rock band The Vandals, released in 2000 by Nitro Records. It was the band's final album for Nitro, as they moved to their own label Kung Fu Records the following year. Between June and August 2001, the group performed on the Warped Tour. Much of the album is characterized by the pop-punk music and humorous lyrics for which the band is known.", "title": "Look What I Almost Stepped In..." }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Canadian Grenadier Guards Band (sometimes referred to as His Majesty's Canadian Grenadier Guards Band) was a Canadian military band that was active for more than 60 years during the 20th century. In addition to performing for military events, the band had an active concert schedule which brought them to performance venues throughout North America. The group also made several recordings on a variety labels and appeared on numerous radio broadcasts in both Canada and the United States.", "title": "Canadian Grenadier Guards Band" } ]	What record label is the performer of Almost Made Ya signed to?	Derrty Entertainment	[]	Title: 2 Horns / 2 Rhythm Passage: 2 Horns / 2 Rhythm is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances with Ernie Henry recorded in 1957 and released on the Riverside label. This was Henry's last recording session. Title: Look What I Almost Stepped In... Passage: Look What I Almost Stepped In... is the eighth studio album by the southern California punk rock band The Vandals, released in 2000 by Nitro Records. It was the band's final album for Nitro, as they moved to their own label Kung Fu Records the following year. Between June and August 2001, the group performed on the Warped Tour. Much of the album is characterized by the pop-punk music and humorous lyrics for which the band is known. Title: Almost Made Ya Passage: Almost Made Ya is an R&B song by American duo Ali & Gipp, for the debut album, "Kinfolk" (2007). The song samples Brandy's "Almost Doesn't Count". The song is about a relationship between a female and a male; LeToya sings that she is "almost done" with her man, that "they" need improve the relationship, while the men say about the situation they've been passing. The song leaked on April 13, 2007 and officially released (for commercial purposes) on Sunday, June 13, 2007. The song was written by LeToya Luckett, Jermaine Dupri, Ali Vaskabi-Waski-Jones, Cameron Gipp, Shelly Peiken and Guy Roche Title: Shake Ya Ass Passage: ``Shake Ya Ass ''Single by Mystikal from the album Let's Get Ready B - side`` Shake It Fast'' Released July 18, 2000 (2000 - 07 - 18) Format Vinyl, CD Recorded Master Sound Studios (Virginia Beach, Virginia) Genre Hip hop Length 4: 20 Label Jive Songwriter (s) Michael Tyler, Pharrell Williams, Chad Hugo Producer (s) The Neptunes Mystikal singles chronology ``Live or Die ''(1999)`` Shake Ya Ass'' (2000) ``Danger (Been So Long) ''(2000)`` Live or Die'' (1999) ``Shake Ya Ass ''(2000)`` Danger (Been So Long)'' (2000) Title: The Main Attraction (album) Passage: The Main Attraction is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the Kudu label. Title: More Blues and the Abstract Truth Passage: More Blues and the Abstract Truth is an album by American jazz composer, conductor and arranger Oliver Nelson featuring performances recorded in 1964 for the Impulse! label. Title: Three for Shepp Passage: Three for Shepp is the debut album by American saxophonist Marion Brown featuring performances recorded in 1966 for the Impulse! label. Title: Something Personal Passage: Something Personal is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967. Title: Crystal Kay Passage: After releasing her debut single "Eternal Memories" (1999) Crystal Kay gained fame for her third studio album, "Almost Seventeen" (2002), which debuted at number 2 on the Japanese Oricon charts. "Almost Seventeen" eventually sold over 400,000 copies and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan. Crystal Kay, formerly signed to Epic Records, a sub-label of Sony Music Japan for 12 years, suddenly transferred to Delicious Deli Records, a sub-label of Universal Music Japan in 2011. Title: Canadian Grenadier Guards Band Passage: The Canadian Grenadier Guards Band (sometimes referred to as His Majesty's Canadian Grenadier Guards Band) was a Canadian military band that was active for more than 60 years during the 20th century. In addition to performing for military events, the band had an active concert schedule which brought them to performance venues throughout North America. The group also made several recordings on a variety labels and appeared on numerous radio broadcasts in both Canada and the United States. Title: Jazz Contemporary Passage: Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label. The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn. Title: Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album) Passage: Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label. Title: Kinfolk (album) Passage: Kinfolk is the debut and only album by American rap duo Ali & Gipp, released on August 14, 2007, through Derrty Entertainment and Universal Records. The first single off the album was already released, called "Go 'Head" featuring Chocolate Tai. The second single is "N da Paint" featuring Nelly. The third single is "Work Dat, Twerk Dat" featuring Murphy Lee. The fourth and final single is "Almost Made Ya" featuring LeToya Luckett. Title: Soundsigns Passage: Soundsigns is an album by the American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman of performances recorded in 1978 for the Galaxy label. Title: Groovin' with Golson Passage: Groovin' with Golson is the sixth album by saxophonist Benny Golson featuring performances recorded in 1959 and originally released on the New Jazz label. Title: Grant's First Stand Passage: Grant's First Stand is the debut album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances by Green recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1961. Earlier recordings made by Green for Blue Note were released as "First Session" in 2001. Title: Roxy Recordings Passage: King Island Roxystars Recordings AB, more known as Roxy Recordings, or Roxy is an independent record label based in Kungsholmen, Stockholm, Sweden where their office is the former site of Cheiron Studios and its successor The Location. It was bought by Universal Music Group in August 2011. The label was formed in 2007 and is owned by Playground Music Scandinavia . The label is mostly active on the Swedish market, but with former signed artists such as Agnes Carlsson and Erik Hassle, they have made an international leap. Agnes was the first one out, selling almost one million copies of her international hit single "Release Me" in 2009 and being released under Roxy's licence in 35 countries. Erik Hassle was successful with his hit "Hurtful" in among others, the UK. Victor Finke, also known under his stage name DEEVA, had a successful streaming hit with "Space Dance". Title: It's What's Happenin' Passage: It's What's Happenin' (subtitled The Varitone Sound of Clark Terry) is an album by American jazz trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1967 for the Impulse! label. Remastered in 2012 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Impulse! Records, it was reissued together with Terry's only other record for the label as a solo leader, "The Happy Horns of Clark Terry". Title: Tijuana Jazz Passage: Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541. Title: Foolin' Myself Passage: Foolin' Myself is an album of trio performances by the American jazz pianist Jaki Byard recorded in 1988 and released on the Italian Soul Note label.	[ "Almost Made Ya", "Kinfolk (album)" ]
2hop__123148_5385	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hugh Heclo (10 March 1943 – 6 August 2017) was a Clarence J. Robinson Professor of Public Affairs at George Mason University, in the United States. He was previously a professor of government at Harvard University and George Washington University in the 1980s. He also operates Ashcroft Farms, a Christmas tree farm outside Winchester, Virginia.", "title": "Hugh Heclo" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Randy Conrads attended Oregon State University, graduating in 1972 with a bachelor's degree in industrial engineering. Before founding Classmates Online, Inc. Conrads worked for Boeing for twenty one years. Classmates.com became a very popular website and Conrads received many honors including eBusiness Report's 2001 Entrepreneur of the Year. After he left Classmates Online, Inc. Conrads went on to co-found RedWeek.com. He continues to work for this company.", "title": "Randy Conrads" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The funeral, held at the Church of the Madeleine in Paris, was delayed almost two weeks, until 30 October. Entrance was restricted to ticket holders as many people were expected to attend. Over 3,000 people arrived without invitations, from as far as London, Berlin and Vienna, and were excluded.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He studied at the University College of North Wales (now the University of Wales, Bangor) and the University of Edinburgh, where he did his Ph.D. He worked at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, University College London, the IBM UK Scientific Centre in Winchester and University College Dublin, before becoming a lecturer in linguistics at the University of Wales, Bangor in 1986. He was awarded a Personal Chair in 1997. In 2000, he moved to the University of Essex.", "title": "Robert D. Borsley" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Turner attended Auburn University and the University of Georgia. He served in the United States Army from 1951 to 1953 and was later a farmer and banker. He also worked as veterinarian from 1948 to 1976.", "title": "Loyce W. Turner" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since its construction in 1884, the property and mansion were claimed by many to be haunted by the ghosts of those killed with Winchester rifles. Under Winchester's day - to - day guidance, its ``from - the - ground - up ''construction proceeded around the clock, by some accounts, without interruption, until her death on September 5, 1922, at which time work immediately ceased. Sarah Winchester's biographer, however, says that Winchester`` routinely dismissed workers for months at a time 'to take such rest as I might''' and notes that ``this flies in the face of claims by today's Mystery House proprietors that work at the ranch was ceaseless for thirty - eight years. ''", "title": "Winchester Mystery House" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alexander Soros is the son of billionaire George Soros and Susan Weber Soros. He was raised in Katonah, New York and has a younger brother, Gregory. Alex attended King Low Heywood Thomas in Stamford, Connecticut. He graduated from New York University in 2009, and in 2018 graduated with a PhD in History from the University of California, Berkeley.", "title": "Alexander Soros" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nuraliza Osman grew up in Singapore and was a top student and scholar at the [Methodist Girls School] where she won many accolades and excelled academically. She then attended Victoria Junior College where she studied pre-medicine classes and French. Her studies in French took her to France where she studied briefly prior to attending university. She is described by her peers as a funny, lovely, independent and determined person who was well-loved. At Methodist Girls School and Victoria Junior College, she was known for her frank, honest and tomboyish image. Many were surprised at how feminine she became for the Miss Universe competition.", "title": "Nuraliza Osman" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bob Lyon, an American politician, is a former Kansas State Senator from the city of Winchester. A civil engineer, Lyon is a graduate of the University of Virginia and George Washington University.", "title": "Bob Lyon" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Susan Winchester, born in Chickasha, Oklahoma, earned her bachelor's and master's degrees at the University of Oklahoma. Winchester co-owned and operated American Dusting Company and Chickasha Flying Service from 1976 to 1989, after which she worked as a coordinator for Adult Training and Development at Canadian Valley Technology Center. In 1992 she started Winchester Group, an educational group that provides training and consulting to businesses.", "title": "Susan Winchester" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Schwartz was born in Ottumwa, Iowa. He attended Creighton University and worked in the insurance industry. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1969 to 1973 as a Democrat.", "title": "James H. Schwartz" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Enzo Traverso (born 14 October 1957 in Gavi, Piedmont region, Italy) is an Italian historian who has written on issues relating to the Holocaust and totalitarianism. After living and working in France for over 20 years, he is currently the Susan and Barton Winokur Professor in the Humanities at Cornell University.", "title": "Enzo Traverso" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Though Decca would continue to keep picture budgets lean, it was favored by changing circumstances in the film business, as other studios let their contract actors go in the wake of the 1948 U.S. vs. Paramount Pictures, et al. decision. Leading actors were increasingly free to work where and when they chose, and in 1950 MCA agent Lew Wasserman made a deal with Universal for his client James Stewart that would change the rules of the business. Wasserman's deal gave Stewart a share in the profits of three pictures in lieu of a large salary. When one of those films, Winchester '73, proved to be a hit, the arrangement would become the rule for many future productions at Universal, and eventually at other studios as well.", "title": "Universal Pictures" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nick Burd attended the University of Iowa and received his MFA from The New School. In 2009, Burd published his first novel, \"The Vast Fields of Ordinary\", which received many positive reviews.", "title": "Nick Burd" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Susan Farrell Egan (born February 18, 1970) is an American actress, singer, dancer, voice actress, and comedian, known for her work on the Broadway stage. She is best known for originating the role of Belle in the Broadway musical adaptation of Beauty and the Beast (1994), as well as for providing the voice of Megara in Hercules (1997), and the voice for Rose Quartz on Steven Universe.", "title": "Susan Egan" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the early years the College trained many Puritan ministers.[citation needed] (A 1643 publication said the school's purpose was \"to advance learning and perpetuate it to posterity, dreading to leave an illiterate ministry to the churches when our present ministers shall lie in the dust\".) It offered a classic curriculum on the English university model—many leaders in the colony had attended the University of Cambridge—but conformed Puritanism. It was never affiliated with any particular denomination, but many of its earliest graduates went on to become clergymen in Congregational and Unitarian churches.", "title": "Harvard University" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800).", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was born in Ahoskie, North Carolina, the son of Lucy Peoples and an unknown father. He graduated as valedictorian of Waters Training School in Winton, North Carolina, in 1901, and attended Wayland Academy and Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia, from 1901 to 1903. He then attended Western University of Pennsylvania, (now the University of Pittsburgh) and graduated from its law school in 1909. He passed the bar examination in 1909 and married Jessie Matthews from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on February 17, 1919.", "title": "Robert Lee Vann" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Pare (born 20 February 1948 in Portsmouth, England) is an English photographer known for his work documenting Soviet modernist architecture. He was born in Portsmouth, England, on 20 January 1948. He studied graphic design and photography at Winchester and Ravensbourne College of Art before attending the Art Institute of Chicago. He received a Master of Fine Arts from Chicago in 1973. A founding curator of the Photographic Collection of the Canadian Centre for Architecture.", "title": "Richard Pare" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anne Portugal (born March 29, 1949) is a French poet who lives and works in Paris. She was born in Angers (Maine-et-Loire) and attended Paris 8 University in the suburbs of Paris.", "title": "Anne Portugal" } ]	How many people work in Susan Winchester's alma mater?	11,900	[]	Title: Universal Pictures Passage: Though Decca would continue to keep picture budgets lean, it was favored by changing circumstances in the film business, as other studios let their contract actors go in the wake of the 1948 U.S. vs. Paramount Pictures, et al. decision. Leading actors were increasingly free to work where and when they chose, and in 1950 MCA agent Lew Wasserman made a deal with Universal for his client James Stewart that would change the rules of the business. Wasserman's deal gave Stewart a share in the profits of three pictures in lieu of a large salary. When one of those films, Winchester '73, proved to be a hit, the arrangement would become the rule for many future productions at Universal, and eventually at other studios as well. Title: Anne Portugal Passage: Anne Portugal (born March 29, 1949) is a French poet who lives and works in Paris. She was born in Angers (Maine-et-Loire) and attended Paris 8 University in the suburbs of Paris. Title: Enzo Traverso Passage: Enzo Traverso (born 14 October 1957 in Gavi, Piedmont region, Italy) is an Italian historian who has written on issues relating to the Holocaust and totalitarianism. After living and working in France for over 20 years, he is currently the Susan and Barton Winokur Professor in the Humanities at Cornell University. Title: Richard Pare Passage: Richard Pare (born 20 February 1948 in Portsmouth, England) is an English photographer known for his work documenting Soviet modernist architecture. He was born in Portsmouth, England, on 20 January 1948. He studied graphic design and photography at Winchester and Ravensbourne College of Art before attending the Art Institute of Chicago. He received a Master of Fine Arts from Chicago in 1973. A founding curator of the Photographic Collection of the Canadian Centre for Architecture. Title: Alexander Soros Passage: Alexander Soros is the son of billionaire George Soros and Susan Weber Soros. He was raised in Katonah, New York and has a younger brother, Gregory. Alex attended King Low Heywood Thomas in Stamford, Connecticut. He graduated from New York University in 2009, and in 2018 graduated with a PhD in History from the University of California, Berkeley. Title: Loyce W. Turner Passage: Turner attended Auburn University and the University of Georgia. He served in the United States Army from 1951 to 1953 and was later a farmer and banker. He also worked as veterinarian from 1948 to 1976. Title: Harvard University Passage: In the early years the College trained many Puritan ministers.[citation needed] (A 1643 publication said the school's purpose was "to advance learning and perpetuate it to posterity, dreading to leave an illiterate ministry to the churches when our present ministers shall lie in the dust".) It offered a classic curriculum on the English university model—many leaders in the colony had attended the University of Cambridge—but conformed Puritanism. It was never affiliated with any particular denomination, but many of its earliest graduates went on to become clergymen in Congregational and Unitarian churches. Title: James H. Schwartz Passage: Schwartz was born in Ottumwa, Iowa. He attended Creighton University and worked in the insurance industry. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1969 to 1973 as a Democrat. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: The funeral, held at the Church of the Madeleine in Paris, was delayed almost two weeks, until 30 October. Entrance was restricted to ticket holders as many people were expected to attend. Over 3,000 people arrived without invitations, from as far as London, Berlin and Vienna, and were excluded. Title: Susan Winchester Passage: Susan Winchester, born in Chickasha, Oklahoma, earned her bachelor's and master's degrees at the University of Oklahoma. Winchester co-owned and operated American Dusting Company and Chickasha Flying Service from 1976 to 1989, after which she worked as a coordinator for Adult Training and Development at Canadian Valley Technology Center. In 1992 she started Winchester Group, an educational group that provides training and consulting to businesses. Title: Winchester Mystery House Passage: Since its construction in 1884, the property and mansion were claimed by many to be haunted by the ghosts of those killed with Winchester rifles. Under Winchester's day - to - day guidance, its ``from - the - ground - up ''construction proceeded around the clock, by some accounts, without interruption, until her death on September 5, 1922, at which time work immediately ceased. Sarah Winchester's biographer, however, says that Winchester`` routinely dismissed workers for months at a time 'to take such rest as I might''' and notes that ``this flies in the face of claims by today's Mystery House proprietors that work at the ranch was ceaseless for thirty - eight years. '' Title: Bob Lyon Passage: Bob Lyon, an American politician, is a former Kansas State Senator from the city of Winchester. A civil engineer, Lyon is a graduate of the University of Virginia and George Washington University. Title: Susan Egan Passage: Susan Farrell Egan (born February 18, 1970) is an American actress, singer, dancer, voice actress, and comedian, known for her work on the Broadway stage. She is best known for originating the role of Belle in the Broadway musical adaptation of Beauty and the Beast (1994), as well as for providing the voice of Megara in Hercules (1997), and the voice for Rose Quartz on Steven Universe. Title: Randy Conrads Passage: Randy Conrads attended Oregon State University, graduating in 1972 with a bachelor's degree in industrial engineering. Before founding Classmates Online, Inc. Conrads worked for Boeing for twenty one years. Classmates.com became a very popular website and Conrads received many honors including eBusiness Report's 2001 Entrepreneur of the Year. After he left Classmates Online, Inc. Conrads went on to co-found RedWeek.com. He continues to work for this company. Title: Robert D. Borsley Passage: He studied at the University College of North Wales (now the University of Wales, Bangor) and the University of Edinburgh, where he did his Ph.D. He worked at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, University College London, the IBM UK Scientific Centre in Winchester and University College Dublin, before becoming a lecturer in linguistics at the University of Wales, Bangor in 1986. He was awarded a Personal Chair in 1997. In 2000, he moved to the University of Essex. Title: Robert Lee Vann Passage: He was born in Ahoskie, North Carolina, the son of Lucy Peoples and an unknown father. He graduated as valedictorian of Waters Training School in Winton, North Carolina, in 1901, and attended Wayland Academy and Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia, from 1901 to 1903. He then attended Western University of Pennsylvania, (now the University of Pittsburgh) and graduated from its law school in 1909. He passed the bar examination in 1909 and married Jessie Matthews from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on February 17, 1919. Title: Nick Burd Passage: Nick Burd attended the University of Iowa and received his MFA from The New School. In 2009, Burd published his first novel, "The Vast Fields of Ordinary", which received many positive reviews. Title: Hugh Heclo Passage: Hugh Heclo (10 March 1943 – 6 August 2017) was a Clarence J. Robinson Professor of Public Affairs at George Mason University, in the United States. He was previously a professor of government at Harvard University and George Washington University in the 1980s. He also operates Ashcroft Farms, a Christmas tree farm outside Winchester, Virginia. Title: Oklahoma City Passage: While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800). Title: Nuraliza Osman Passage: Nuraliza Osman grew up in Singapore and was a top student and scholar at the [Methodist Girls School] where she won many accolades and excelled academically. She then attended Victoria Junior College where she studied pre-medicine classes and French. Her studies in French took her to France where she studied briefly prior to attending university. She is described by her peers as a funny, lovely, independent and determined person who was well-loved. At Methodist Girls School and Victoria Junior College, she was known for her frank, honest and tomboyish image. Many were surprised at how feminine she became for the Miss Universe competition.	[ "Susan Winchester", "Oklahoma City" ]
2hop__156702_51769	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The river rises in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest and then south into the US state of Washington, then turns west to form most of the border between Washington and the state of Oregon before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The river is long, and its largest tributary is the Snake River. Its drainage basin is roughly the size of France and extends into seven US states and a Canadian province. The fourth-largest river in the United States by volume, the Columbia has the greatest flow of any North American river entering the Pacific.", "title": "Columbia River" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2011 Assiniboine River flood was caused by above average precipitation in Western Manitoba and Saskatchewan. This was a 1 in 300 year flood that affected much of Western Manitoba. The flooding in Manitoba was expected to mostly involve the 2011 Red River Flood but instead the more severe flooding was found on the Assiniboine in the west.", "title": "2011 Assiniboine River flood" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Metsimotlhabe River is the largest river in the Kweneng District of Botswana, draining the area that lies to the south of Molepolole into the Notwane River, in turn a tributary of the Limpopo River.", "title": "Metsimotlhabe River" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Utva () is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right tributary of the Veslyana River, which in turn is a tributary of the Kama River. The river is long, and its drainage basin covers . The source of the river is in the extreme southwest of the Gaynsky District of Perm Krai, near the border with Kirov Oblast and the Komi Republic. The main tributaries are the Chugrum River (right) and the Yuzhnaya Anva River (left).", "title": "Utva River (Perm Krai)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Camaipi River is a river of Amapá state in Brazil. It is a tributary of the Vila Nova River which in turn is part of the Amazon River system.", "title": "Camaipi River do Vila Nova River" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Patuxent River is a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay in the state of Maryland. There are three main river drainages for central Maryland: the Potomac River to the west passing through Washington, D.C., the Patapsco River to the northeast passing through Baltimore, and the Patuxent River between the two. The Patuxent watershed had a rapidly growing population of 590,769 in 2000. It is the largest and longest river entirely within Maryland, and its watershed is the largest completely within the state.", "title": "Patuxent River" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bolshaya Lyampa () is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right tributary of Uls River which in turn is a tributary of Vishera River. The river is long. Its source is near the border with Sverdlovsk Oblast. It flows into the Uls River from the larger river's mouth. The Bolshaya Lyampa's main tributary is the Malaya Lyampa River.", "title": "Bolshaya Lyampa" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Golden Retriever was originally bred in Scotland in the mid-19th century. At that time, wildfowl hunting was a popular sport for the wealthy Scottish elite, but the existing retriever breeds were inadequate for retrieving downed game from both water and land. Retrieving from both land and water was necessary because the hunting grounds of the time were pocketed with marshy ponds and rivers. Consequently, the best water spaniels were crossed with the existing retrievers, resulting in the establishment of the breed today known as the Golden Retriever. The Golden Retriever was first developed near Glen Affric in Scotland, at ``Guisachan '', the highland estate of Dudley Marjoribanks, 1st Baron Tweedmouth. For many years, what breeds were originally crossed was disputed, but in 1952, the publication of Marjoribanks' breeding records from 1835 to 1890 dispelled the myth concerning the purchase of a whole troupe of Russian tracker sheepdogs from a visiting circus; instead it details a careful line - breeding program. Commonly, the breed is said to have originated from the Russian tracker.", "title": "Golden Retriever" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kunwak River is a river of Nunavut, Canada. It flows northeast out of Tulemalu Lake and enters Tebesjuak Lake, Mallery Lake and Princess Mary Lake before turning southeast and flowing into Thirty Mile Lake on the Kazan River.", "title": "Kunwak River" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Botanie Valley is in British Columbia's southern interior near Lytton. It is a traditional food source for the Nlaka'pamux people. The name itself means \"covering\" possibly referring to the abundant plant life covering the area. Botanie Creek enters the Thompson River a few kilometres upstream of its confluence with the Fraser River, making Botanie the Thompson River's last tributary.", "title": "Botanie Valley" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Air Development Squadron Six (VX-6 or AIRDEVRON SIX, commonly referred to by its nickname, \"puckered penguins\") was a United States Navy Air Development Squadron based at McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Established at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland on 17 January 1955, the squadron's mission was to conduct operations in support of Operation Deep Freeze, the operational component of the United States Antarctic Program.", "title": "VX-6" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The river rises in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest and then south into the US state of Washington, then turns west to form most of the border between Washington and the state of Oregon before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The river is 1,243 miles (2,000 km) long, and its largest tributary is the Snake River. Its drainage basin is roughly the size of France and extends into seven US states and a Canadian province. The fourth - largest river in the United States by volume, the Columbia has the greatest flow of any North American river entering the Pacific.", "title": "Columbia River" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Piaçaca River is a river of Amapá state in Brazil. It is a tributary of the Vila Nova River which in turn is part of the Amazon River basin.", "title": "Piaçaca River" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mangalam River is the main tributary of the river Gayathripuzha, which in turn is a tributary of Bharathapuzha, the second longest river in Kerala, India. It is around 30 km long in length, with its source from Nelliyampathi forests, and passing through Vadakkencherry, Kannambra, Puthucode, Padur, etc. and joining Gayathripuzha at Plazhi in the border of Thrissur and Palakkad districts.", "title": "Mangalam River" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pawnee River is a river in southwestern Kansas in the United States, about long. It is a tributary of the Arkansas River, which in turn is a branch of the Mississippi River.", "title": "Pawnee River" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Indian River is a long river located in western New Hampshire in the United States. The river is a tributary of the Mascoma River, which in turn flows to the Connecticut River and ultimately Long Island Sound.", "title": "Indian River (New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Balanak Bonihar O Pallavi (\"The peasants on the banks of river Balan and Pallavi\") is a short story collection, written by Dr Binod Bihari Verma, on the village life of Mithila on the banks of the Kosi River and its tributaries.", "title": "Balanak Bonihar O Pallavi" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Founded in 1998, Indian River Charter High School enrolls 750 students in grades 9 through 12. Located next door to Indian River State College’s Mueller Campus, students are encouraged to participate in dual enrollment. IRCHS has regularly rated an “A” or “B” school by Florida’s School Rating System and has been the highest rated high school in Indian River County for the past ten years. Students shoulder a great deal of responsibility within the school environment, from the open campus, to Homebase expectations, and participation in community projects such as cultural events, government meetings, and volunteer activities. Each student is expected to follow a seven point behavior contract in order to remain a student at IRCHS. All students, staff and board members are required to submit to random drug testing in order to remain in the school.", "title": "Indian River Charter High School" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ngunguru River is a river of the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It initially flows southwest before turning east to flow into a long, wide estuary which empties into Ngunguru Bay to the northwest of Whangarei. The town of Ngunguru sits on the estuary's north bank at its opening to the bay.", "title": "Ngunguru River" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A UK Kennel Club survey puts the median lifespan of the breed at 10.75 years (average 9.85). A US breed club survey puts the average lifespan at 9.4 years. 1 in 4 lived to 13 years or more while 1 in 5 do n't live past 5 years.", "title": "Chesapeake Bay Retriever" } ]	What is the life expectancy of the type of retriever named after the body of water the Patuxent River turns into?	average lifespan at 9.4 years	[]	Title: Indian River (New Hampshire) Passage: The Indian River is a long river located in western New Hampshire in the United States. The river is a tributary of the Mascoma River, which in turn flows to the Connecticut River and ultimately Long Island Sound. Title: Camaipi River do Vila Nova River Passage: Camaipi River is a river of Amapá state in Brazil. It is a tributary of the Vila Nova River which in turn is part of the Amazon River system. Title: Botanie Valley Passage: Botanie Valley is in British Columbia's southern interior near Lytton. It is a traditional food source for the Nlaka'pamux people. The name itself means "covering" possibly referring to the abundant plant life covering the area. Botanie Creek enters the Thompson River a few kilometres upstream of its confluence with the Fraser River, making Botanie the Thompson River's last tributary. Title: Columbia River Passage: The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The river rises in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest and then south into the US state of Washington, then turns west to form most of the border between Washington and the state of Oregon before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The river is 1,243 miles (2,000 km) long, and its largest tributary is the Snake River. Its drainage basin is roughly the size of France and extends into seven US states and a Canadian province. The fourth - largest river in the United States by volume, the Columbia has the greatest flow of any North American river entering the Pacific. Title: Patuxent River Passage: The Patuxent River is a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay in the state of Maryland. There are three main river drainages for central Maryland: the Potomac River to the west passing through Washington, D.C., the Patapsco River to the northeast passing through Baltimore, and the Patuxent River between the two. The Patuxent watershed had a rapidly growing population of 590,769 in 2000. It is the largest and longest river entirely within Maryland, and its watershed is the largest completely within the state. Title: VX-6 Passage: Air Development Squadron Six (VX-6 or AIRDEVRON SIX, commonly referred to by its nickname, "puckered penguins") was a United States Navy Air Development Squadron based at McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Established at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland on 17 January 1955, the squadron's mission was to conduct operations in support of Operation Deep Freeze, the operational component of the United States Antarctic Program. Title: Ngunguru River Passage: The Ngunguru River is a river of the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It initially flows southwest before turning east to flow into a long, wide estuary which empties into Ngunguru Bay to the northwest of Whangarei. The town of Ngunguru sits on the estuary's north bank at its opening to the bay. Title: Bolshaya Lyampa Passage: Bolshaya Lyampa () is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right tributary of Uls River which in turn is a tributary of Vishera River. The river is long. Its source is near the border with Sverdlovsk Oblast. It flows into the Uls River from the larger river's mouth. The Bolshaya Lyampa's main tributary is the Malaya Lyampa River. Title: Pawnee River Passage: The Pawnee River is a river in southwestern Kansas in the United States, about long. It is a tributary of the Arkansas River, which in turn is a branch of the Mississippi River. Title: 2011 Assiniboine River flood Passage: The 2011 Assiniboine River flood was caused by above average precipitation in Western Manitoba and Saskatchewan. This was a 1 in 300 year flood that affected much of Western Manitoba. The flooding in Manitoba was expected to mostly involve the 2011 Red River Flood but instead the more severe flooding was found on the Assiniboine in the west. Title: Balanak Bonihar O Pallavi Passage: Balanak Bonihar O Pallavi ("The peasants on the banks of river Balan and Pallavi") is a short story collection, written by Dr Binod Bihari Verma, on the village life of Mithila on the banks of the Kosi River and its tributaries. Title: Columbia River Passage: The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The river rises in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest and then south into the US state of Washington, then turns west to form most of the border between Washington and the state of Oregon before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The river is long, and its largest tributary is the Snake River. Its drainage basin is roughly the size of France and extends into seven US states and a Canadian province. The fourth-largest river in the United States by volume, the Columbia has the greatest flow of any North American river entering the Pacific. Title: Kunwak River Passage: The Kunwak River is a river of Nunavut, Canada. It flows northeast out of Tulemalu Lake and enters Tebesjuak Lake, Mallery Lake and Princess Mary Lake before turning southeast and flowing into Thirty Mile Lake on the Kazan River. Title: Piaçaca River Passage: Piaçaca River is a river of Amapá state in Brazil. It is a tributary of the Vila Nova River which in turn is part of the Amazon River basin. Title: Indian River Charter High School Passage: Founded in 1998, Indian River Charter High School enrolls 750 students in grades 9 through 12. Located next door to Indian River State College’s Mueller Campus, students are encouraged to participate in dual enrollment. IRCHS has regularly rated an “A” or “B” school by Florida’s School Rating System and has been the highest rated high school in Indian River County for the past ten years. Students shoulder a great deal of responsibility within the school environment, from the open campus, to Homebase expectations, and participation in community projects such as cultural events, government meetings, and volunteer activities. Each student is expected to follow a seven point behavior contract in order to remain a student at IRCHS. All students, staff and board members are required to submit to random drug testing in order to remain in the school. Title: Chesapeake Bay Retriever Passage: A UK Kennel Club survey puts the median lifespan of the breed at 10.75 years (average 9.85). A US breed club survey puts the average lifespan at 9.4 years. 1 in 4 lived to 13 years or more while 1 in 5 do n't live past 5 years. Title: Mangalam River Passage: Mangalam River is the main tributary of the river Gayathripuzha, which in turn is a tributary of Bharathapuzha, the second longest river in Kerala, India. It is around 30 km long in length, with its source from Nelliyampathi forests, and passing through Vadakkencherry, Kannambra, Puthucode, Padur, etc. and joining Gayathripuzha at Plazhi in the border of Thrissur and Palakkad districts. Title: Utva River (Perm Krai) Passage: Utva () is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right tributary of the Veslyana River, which in turn is a tributary of the Kama River. The river is long, and its drainage basin covers . The source of the river is in the extreme southwest of the Gaynsky District of Perm Krai, near the border with Kirov Oblast and the Komi Republic. The main tributaries are the Chugrum River (right) and the Yuzhnaya Anva River (left). Title: Metsimotlhabe River Passage: The Metsimotlhabe River is the largest river in the Kweneng District of Botswana, draining the area that lies to the south of Molepolole into the Notwane River, in turn a tributary of the Limpopo River. Title: Golden Retriever Passage: The Golden Retriever was originally bred in Scotland in the mid-19th century. At that time, wildfowl hunting was a popular sport for the wealthy Scottish elite, but the existing retriever breeds were inadequate for retrieving downed game from both water and land. Retrieving from both land and water was necessary because the hunting grounds of the time were pocketed with marshy ponds and rivers. Consequently, the best water spaniels were crossed with the existing retrievers, resulting in the establishment of the breed today known as the Golden Retriever. The Golden Retriever was first developed near Glen Affric in Scotland, at ``Guisachan '', the highland estate of Dudley Marjoribanks, 1st Baron Tweedmouth. For many years, what breeds were originally crossed was disputed, but in 1952, the publication of Marjoribanks' breeding records from 1835 to 1890 dispelled the myth concerning the purchase of a whole troupe of Russian tracker sheepdogs from a visiting circus; instead it details a careful line - breeding program. Commonly, the breed is said to have originated from the Russian tracker.	[ "Patuxent River", "Chesapeake Bay Retriever" ]
2hop__161915_78851	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buvik Idrettslag is a multi-sports team from Buvik in Skaun, Norway. In 2012, the club's first football team played in the Second Division, having won their Third Division conference in 2011. The team was, however, relegated after only one season in the Second Division. They play their home games at Buvik Stadion.", "title": "Buvik IL" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pittsburgh Condors were a professional basketball team in the original American Basketball Association. Originally called the Pittsburgh Pipers, they were a charter franchise of the ABA and captured the first league title. The team played their home games in Pittsburgh's Civic Arena.", "title": "Pittsburgh Condors" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Huntsville Rockets were a professional American football team based in Huntsville, Alabama, from 1962 through 1966. They played their home games at Goldsmith–Schiffman Field.", "title": "Huntsville Rockets" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vermont Lady Voltage was a professional American women’s soccer team, founded in 2005, which is a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League. Voltage played in the Northern Division of the Central Conference. They play their home games at the Collins-Perley Sports Complex in the city of St. Albans, Vermont, 27 miles north of the state's largest city, Burlington. The team's colors are black and white, and gold and blue. The team was a sister organization of the men's Vermont Voltage team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League.", "title": "Vermont Lady Voltage" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The professional American football team now known as the Arizona Cardinals previously played in St. Louis, Missouri as the St. Louis Cardinals from 1960 to 1987 before relocating to Tempe, Arizona in 1988. The Cardinals franchise relocated from Chicago to St. Louis in 1960. Their first home game in St. Louis was at Sportsman's Park against the New York Giants on October 2, 1960. Their last game played at Busch Memorial Stadium in St. Louis was against the Giants on December 13, 1987. Their last game as a St. Louis-based club was on December 27, 1987 at the Dallas Cowboys.", "title": "History of the St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sport Boys plays its home games at the Estadio Miguel Grau. It has a capacity of about 17,000. Before this stadium was built, they had to use the 5,000 spectator capacity Telmo Carbajo, a stadium that was in bad condition and unfit to host football matches. It was the first stadium in Callao. Sport Boys were forced to play their games in the Estadio Nacional, where they would be far away from their fans.", "title": "Sport Boys" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since most professional baseball games are nine innings long, the fifth inning is used as the threshold for an official game. If the visiting team is leading, or the game is tied, the end of the fifth inning marks this point. If the home team (which bats last) is already ahead in the score, and theoretically would not need its half of the fifth inning, then 41⁄2 innings (i.e., the middle of the fifth) is considered an official game. The game is also considered official if the home team scores to take the lead in the bottom of the fifth inning, since the game would end immediately if the same thing happened in the ninth.", "title": "Official game (baseball)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Milwaukee Badgers were a professional American football team, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, that played in the National Football League from 1922 to 1926. The team played its home games at Athletic Park, later known as Borchert Field, on Milwaukee's north side. The team was notable for having a large number of African-American players for the time.", "title": "Milwaukee Badgers" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Green Bay Packers is a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) North division. It is the third - oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community - owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957.", "title": "Green Bay Packers" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fabiana da Silva Simões (born 4 August 1989), known as Fabiana or Fabiana Baiana (by adding the demonym of Bahia, her home state), is a Brazilian football defender who last played for F.C. Barcelona in the Primera División, and for the Brazil national team. In 2009 and 2010 she played professional club football in the United States with Boston Breakers of Women's Professional Soccer (WPS). As well as teams in her native Brazil, Fabiana has played for Sporting de Huelva of Spain's Primera División and WFC Rossiyanka of the Russian Top Division.", "title": "Fabiana da Silva Simões" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Washington Capitals are a professional ice hockey team based in Washington, D.C. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Capitals are owned by Monumental Sports & Entertainment, headed by Ted Leonsis. From 1974 to 1997 the Capitals played their home games at the Capital Centre, in Landover, Maryland (a suburb of Washington, D.C.). In 1997 the team moved to the arena now called Capital One Arena, their present home arena in Washington, D.C.", "title": "Washington Capitals" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The BC Lions are a professional Canadian football team competing in the West Division of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Based in Vancouver, British Columbia, the Lions play their home games at BC Place.", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1923–24 PCHA season was the 13th and last season of the professional men's ice hockey Pacific Coast Hockey Association league. Season play ran from November 26, 1923, until February 25, 1924. Each team played 30 games, including eight games against Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL) teams. The Seattle Metropolitans club would be regular-season PCHA champions, but lost the play-off against the Vancouver Maroons 2-2, 1-2.", "title": "1923–24 PCHA season" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Formed in 1845, the Holy Cross Crusaders Marching Band (HCMB) is one of the oldest organizations at The College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. The Crusaders Marching Band first began performing at football games in 1910 and the band's role has expanded significantly since to include other athletic appearances, performing at all home football games, selected away games, in exhibition at high school band competitions, and at various events throughout the country. In the spring, the marching band converts into the Holy Cross Crusader Pep Band and plays at all home basketball games, and travels with the teams to the NCAA tournament. The Marching Band performs at Fitton Field while the Pep Band plays in the Hart Center.", "title": "Holy Cross Goodtime Marching Band" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The club also owned and operated a professional basketball team, by the name of Everton Tigers, who compete in the elite British Basketball League. The team was launched in the summer of 2007 as part of the clubs' Community programme, and play their home games at the Greenbank Sports Academy. The team was an amalgam of the Toxteth Tigers community youth programme which started in 1968. The team quickly became one of the most successful in the league winning the BBL Cup in 2009 and the play-offs in 2010. However Everton withdrew funding before the 2010–11 season and the team was re launched as the Mersey Tigers.", "title": "Everton F.C." }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center.", "title": "Sacramento Kings" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 22 January 2005, Clapton performed in the Tsunami Relief Concert held at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, in aid of the victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. In May 2005, Clapton, Jack Bruce, and Ginger Baker reunited as Cream for a series of concerts at the Royal Albert Hall in London. Concert recordings were released on CD and DVD. Later, Cream performed in New York at Madison Square Garden. Clapton's first album of new original material in nearly five years, Back Home, was released on Reprise Records on 30 August.", "title": "Eric Clapton" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Baseball at the Summer Olympics unofficially debuted at the 1904 Summer Games, and became an official Olympic sport at the 1992 Summer Olympics. The event was last played in the 2008 Olympics in Beijing with South Korea taking the gold. In 2016 it was confirmed that Baseball would return for the 2020 games in Tokyo. Olympic baseball is governed by the International Baseball Federation (IBAF).", "title": "Baseball at the Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the regular season, each team plays 82 games, 41 each home and away. A team faces opponents in its own division four times a year (16 games). Each team plays six of the teams from the other two divisions in its conference four times (24 games), and the remaining four teams three times (12 games). Finally, each team plays all the teams in the other conference twice apiece (30 games). This asymmetrical structure means the strength of schedule will vary between teams (but not as significantly as the NFL or MLB). Over five seasons, each team will have played 80 games against their division (20 games against each opponent, 10 at home, 10 on the road), 180 games against the rest of their conference (18 games against each opponent, 9 at home, 9 on the road), and 150 games against the other conference (10 games against each team, 5 at home, 5 on the road).", "title": "National Basketball Association" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "At Madison Square Garden, New Yorkers can watch the New York Knicks play NBA basketball, while the New York Liberty play in the WNBA. The Barclays Center in Brooklyn is home to the Brooklyn Nets NBA basketball team. The Nets began playing in Brooklyn in 2012, the first major professional sports team to play in the historic borough in half a century. Before the merger of the defunct American Basketball Association with the NBA during the 1976 -- 1977 season, the New York Nets, who shared the same home stadium (Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum) on Long Island with the NHL's New York Islanders, were a two - time champion in the ABA and starred the famous Hall of Fame forward Julius Erving. During the first season of the merger (1976 -- 77), the Nets continued to play on Long Island, although Erving's contract had by then been sold to the Philadelphia 76ers. The Nets transferred to New Jersey then next season and became known as the New Jersey Nets, and later moved to Brooklyn prior to the 2012 -- 2013 NBA season.", "title": "Sports in the New York metropolitan area" } ]	which professional sports team would you not see play a home game in the arena where the last place Cream performed?	Brooklyn Nets NBA	[ "Brooklyn" ]	Title: Milwaukee Badgers Passage: The Milwaukee Badgers were a professional American football team, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, that played in the National Football League from 1922 to 1926. The team played its home games at Athletic Park, later known as Borchert Field, on Milwaukee's north side. The team was notable for having a large number of African-American players for the time. Title: Everton F.C. Passage: The club also owned and operated a professional basketball team, by the name of Everton Tigers, who compete in the elite British Basketball League. The team was launched in the summer of 2007 as part of the clubs' Community programme, and play their home games at the Greenbank Sports Academy. The team was an amalgam of the Toxteth Tigers community youth programme which started in 1968. The team quickly became one of the most successful in the league winning the BBL Cup in 2009 and the play-offs in 2010. However Everton withdrew funding before the 2010–11 season and the team was re launched as the Mersey Tigers. Title: Washington Capitals Passage: The Washington Capitals are a professional ice hockey team based in Washington, D.C. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Capitals are owned by Monumental Sports & Entertainment, headed by Ted Leonsis. From 1974 to 1997 the Capitals played their home games at the Capital Centre, in Landover, Maryland (a suburb of Washington, D.C.). In 1997 the team moved to the arena now called Capital One Arena, their present home arena in Washington, D.C. Title: Sports in the New York metropolitan area Passage: At Madison Square Garden, New Yorkers can watch the New York Knicks play NBA basketball, while the New York Liberty play in the WNBA. The Barclays Center in Brooklyn is home to the Brooklyn Nets NBA basketball team. The Nets began playing in Brooklyn in 2012, the first major professional sports team to play in the historic borough in half a century. Before the merger of the defunct American Basketball Association with the NBA during the 1976 -- 1977 season, the New York Nets, who shared the same home stadium (Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum) on Long Island with the NHL's New York Islanders, were a two - time champion in the ABA and starred the famous Hall of Fame forward Julius Erving. During the first season of the merger (1976 -- 77), the Nets continued to play on Long Island, although Erving's contract had by then been sold to the Philadelphia 76ers. The Nets transferred to New Jersey then next season and became known as the New Jersey Nets, and later moved to Brooklyn prior to the 2012 -- 2013 NBA season. Title: Sacramento Kings Passage: The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center. Title: Green Bay Packers Passage: The Green Bay Packers is a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) North division. It is the third - oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community - owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957. Title: BC Lions Passage: The BC Lions are a professional Canadian football team competing in the West Division of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Based in Vancouver, British Columbia, the Lions play their home games at BC Place. Title: Sport Boys Passage: Sport Boys plays its home games at the Estadio Miguel Grau. It has a capacity of about 17,000. Before this stadium was built, they had to use the 5,000 spectator capacity Telmo Carbajo, a stadium that was in bad condition and unfit to host football matches. It was the first stadium in Callao. Sport Boys were forced to play their games in the Estadio Nacional, where they would be far away from their fans. Title: Vermont Lady Voltage Passage: Vermont Lady Voltage was a professional American women’s soccer team, founded in 2005, which is a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League. Voltage played in the Northern Division of the Central Conference. They play their home games at the Collins-Perley Sports Complex in the city of St. Albans, Vermont, 27 miles north of the state's largest city, Burlington. The team's colors are black and white, and gold and blue. The team was a sister organization of the men's Vermont Voltage team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League. Title: Buvik IL Passage: Buvik Idrettslag is a multi-sports team from Buvik in Skaun, Norway. In 2012, the club's first football team played in the Second Division, having won their Third Division conference in 2011. The team was, however, relegated after only one season in the Second Division. They play their home games at Buvik Stadion. Title: History of the St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) Passage: The professional American football team now known as the Arizona Cardinals previously played in St. Louis, Missouri as the St. Louis Cardinals from 1960 to 1987 before relocating to Tempe, Arizona in 1988. The Cardinals franchise relocated from Chicago to St. Louis in 1960. Their first home game in St. Louis was at Sportsman's Park against the New York Giants on October 2, 1960. Their last game played at Busch Memorial Stadium in St. Louis was against the Giants on December 13, 1987. Their last game as a St. Louis-based club was on December 27, 1987 at the Dallas Cowboys. Title: Fabiana da Silva Simões Passage: Fabiana da Silva Simões (born 4 August 1989), known as Fabiana or Fabiana Baiana (by adding the demonym of Bahia, her home state), is a Brazilian football defender who last played for F.C. Barcelona in the Primera División, and for the Brazil national team. In 2009 and 2010 she played professional club football in the United States with Boston Breakers of Women's Professional Soccer (WPS). As well as teams in her native Brazil, Fabiana has played for Sporting de Huelva of Spain's Primera División and WFC Rossiyanka of the Russian Top Division. Title: Pittsburgh Condors Passage: The Pittsburgh Condors were a professional basketball team in the original American Basketball Association. Originally called the Pittsburgh Pipers, they were a charter franchise of the ABA and captured the first league title. The team played their home games in Pittsburgh's Civic Arena. Title: Huntsville Rockets Passage: The Huntsville Rockets were a professional American football team based in Huntsville, Alabama, from 1962 through 1966. They played their home games at Goldsmith–Schiffman Field. Title: National Basketball Association Passage: During the regular season, each team plays 82 games, 41 each home and away. A team faces opponents in its own division four times a year (16 games). Each team plays six of the teams from the other two divisions in its conference four times (24 games), and the remaining four teams three times (12 games). Finally, each team plays all the teams in the other conference twice apiece (30 games). This asymmetrical structure means the strength of schedule will vary between teams (but not as significantly as the NFL or MLB). Over five seasons, each team will have played 80 games against their division (20 games against each opponent, 10 at home, 10 on the road), 180 games against the rest of their conference (18 games against each opponent, 9 at home, 9 on the road), and 150 games against the other conference (10 games against each team, 5 at home, 5 on the road). Title: Official game (baseball) Passage: Since most professional baseball games are nine innings long, the fifth inning is used as the threshold for an official game. If the visiting team is leading, or the game is tied, the end of the fifth inning marks this point. If the home team (which bats last) is already ahead in the score, and theoretically would not need its half of the fifth inning, then 41⁄2 innings (i.e., the middle of the fifth) is considered an official game. The game is also considered official if the home team scores to take the lead in the bottom of the fifth inning, since the game would end immediately if the same thing happened in the ninth. Title: Baseball at the Summer Olympics Passage: Baseball at the Summer Olympics unofficially debuted at the 1904 Summer Games, and became an official Olympic sport at the 1992 Summer Olympics. The event was last played in the 2008 Olympics in Beijing with South Korea taking the gold. In 2016 it was confirmed that Baseball would return for the 2020 games in Tokyo. Olympic baseball is governed by the International Baseball Federation (IBAF). Title: 1923–24 PCHA season Passage: The 1923–24 PCHA season was the 13th and last season of the professional men's ice hockey Pacific Coast Hockey Association league. Season play ran from November 26, 1923, until February 25, 1924. Each team played 30 games, including eight games against Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL) teams. The Seattle Metropolitans club would be regular-season PCHA champions, but lost the play-off against the Vancouver Maroons 2-2, 1-2. Title: Holy Cross Goodtime Marching Band Passage: Formed in 1845, the Holy Cross Crusaders Marching Band (HCMB) is one of the oldest organizations at The College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. The Crusaders Marching Band first began performing at football games in 1910 and the band's role has expanded significantly since to include other athletic appearances, performing at all home football games, selected away games, in exhibition at high school band competitions, and at various events throughout the country. In the spring, the marching band converts into the Holy Cross Crusader Pep Band and plays at all home basketball games, and travels with the teams to the NCAA tournament. The Marching Band performs at Fitton Field while the Pep Band plays in the Hart Center. Title: Eric Clapton Passage: On 22 January 2005, Clapton performed in the Tsunami Relief Concert held at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, in aid of the victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. In May 2005, Clapton, Jack Bruce, and Ginger Baker reunited as Cream for a series of concerts at the Royal Albert Hall in London. Concert recordings were released on CD and DVD. Later, Cream performed in New York at Madison Square Garden. Clapton's first album of new original material in nearly five years, Back Home, was released on Reprise Records on 30 August.	[ "Eric Clapton", "Sports in the New York metropolitan area" ]
2hop__128342_375952	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chelyabinsk () is a city and the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located in the northeast of the oblast, south of Yekaterinburg, just to the east of the Ural Mountains, on the Miass River, on the border of Europe and Asia. Population:", "title": "Chelyabinsk" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lyuberetsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central part of the oblast east of the federal city of Moscow. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Lyubertsy. Population: 265,113 (2010 Census); The population of Lyubertsy accounts for 65.1% of the district's total population.", "title": "Lyuberetsky District" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sokolniki District () is a district of the Eastern Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow located in the north-east corner of the city. Population:", "title": "Sokolniki District" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beryslav Raion (, ) is one of the 18 administrative raions (a \"district\") of Kherson Oblast in southern Ukraine. Its administrative center is located in the city of Beryslav. Its population was 55,976 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census. Current population:", "title": "Beryslav Raion" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "title": "Minsk Region" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "title": "Tumaraa" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sikyona () is a municipality in Corinthia, Greece. The seat of the municipality is in Kiato. Sikyona takes its name from the ancient city Sicyon, which was located in the same territory.", "title": "Sikyona" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yaroslavl () is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Moscow. The historic part of the city, a World Heritage Site, is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Kotorosl Rivers. It is one of the Golden Ring cities, a group of historic cities northeast of Moscow that have played an important role in Russian history. In 2010, the city had a population of 591,486.", "title": "Yaroslavl" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Shire of Taringa is a former local government area of Queensland, Australia, located in western Brisbane. Its administrative centre was Taringa (now a suburb of City of Brisbane). It existed from 1890 to 1925.", "title": "Shire of Taringa" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Benghazi al-Jadida or New benghazi is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya. It is part of the city of Benghazi located east of the port and west of Al-Hawari.", "title": "Benghazi al-Jadida" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Forlanini is a district (\"quartiere\") of Milan, Italy. It is part of the Zone 4 administrative division, located east of the city centre.", "title": "Forlanini (district of Milan)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Irkutsky District () is an administrative district, one of the thirty-three in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Irkutsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Irkutsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 84,322.", "title": "Irkutsky District" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Tarnów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Tarnów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the city of Tarnów, although the city is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Tarnów" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Shire of Mirani was a local government area located in the North Queensland region of Queensland, Australia. The shire, administered from the town of Mirani, covered an area of , and existed as a local government entity from 1916 until 2008, when it amalgamated with the City of Mackay and the Shire of Sarina to form the Mackay Region.", "title": "Shire of Mirani" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Novgorod Governorate (, \"Novgorodskaya guberniya\", Government of Novgorod), was an administrative division (a \"guberniya\") of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed from 1727 to 1776 and from 1796 to 1927. Its administrative center was in the city of Novgorod. The governorate was located in the northwest of the European part of the Russian Empire.", "title": "Novgorod Governorate" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Los Alamos (Spanish for \"The Cottonwoods\") is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Although located in the Los Alamos Valley, the town of Los Alamos is usually considered to be a part of the Santa Ynez Valley community. Los Alamos is also connected to other cities Vandenberg AFB, Lompoc, Buellton, Solvang, and other Santa Barbara County cities. It is northwest of Los Angeles and south of San Francisco. The population was 1,890 at the 2010 census, up from 1,372 at the 2000 census.", "title": "Los Alamos, California" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leninsk-Kuznetsky District (, ) is an administrative district (raion), one of the nineteen in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Leninsk-Kuznetsky Municipal District. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Leninsk-Kuznetsky (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 27,825 (2002 Census);", "title": "Leninsk-Kuznetsky District" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Namangan (also in ) is a city in eastern Uzbekistan. It is the administrative, economic, and cultural center of Namangan Region. Namangan is located in the northern edge of the Fergana Valley, less than 30 km from the Kyrgyzstan border. The city is served by Namangan Airport.", "title": "Namangan" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''.", "title": "Vatican City" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "KABG (98.5 MHz) is an American radio station licensed to Los Alamos, New Mexico serving the Santa Fe and Albuquerque radio markets. It is owned by American General Media and has a classic hits format playing top 40 hits mostly from the 1970s to the early 1990s. Its studios are located in Northeast Albuquerque and the transmitter tower is located west of Los Alamos, New Mexico.", "title": "KABG" } ]	In which county is the city of KABG located?	Santa Barbara County	[ "Santa Barbara County, California" ]	Title: Chelyabinsk Passage: Chelyabinsk () is a city and the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located in the northeast of the oblast, south of Yekaterinburg, just to the east of the Ural Mountains, on the Miass River, on the border of Europe and Asia. Population: Title: Lyuberetsky District Passage: Lyuberetsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central part of the oblast east of the federal city of Moscow. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Lyubertsy. Population: 265,113 (2010 Census); The population of Lyubertsy accounts for 65.1% of the district's total population. Title: Novgorod Governorate Passage: Novgorod Governorate (, "Novgorodskaya guberniya", Government of Novgorod), was an administrative division (a "guberniya") of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed from 1727 to 1776 and from 1796 to 1927. Its administrative center was in the city of Novgorod. The governorate was located in the northwest of the European part of the Russian Empire. Title: Tumaraa Passage: Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea. Title: Vatican City Passage: The name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''. Title: Beryslav Raion Passage: Beryslav Raion (, ) is one of the 18 administrative raions (a "district") of Kherson Oblast in southern Ukraine. Its administrative center is located in the city of Beryslav. Its population was 55,976 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census. Current population: Title: Yaroslavl Passage: Yaroslavl () is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Moscow. The historic part of the city, a World Heritage Site, is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Kotorosl Rivers. It is one of the Golden Ring cities, a group of historic cities northeast of Moscow that have played an important role in Russian history. In 2010, the city had a population of 591,486. Title: Sikyona Passage: Sikyona () is a municipality in Corinthia, Greece. The seat of the municipality is in Kiato. Sikyona takes its name from the ancient city Sicyon, which was located in the same territory. Title: Los Alamos, California Passage: Los Alamos (Spanish for "The Cottonwoods") is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Although located in the Los Alamos Valley, the town of Los Alamos is usually considered to be a part of the Santa Ynez Valley community. Los Alamos is also connected to other cities Vandenberg AFB, Lompoc, Buellton, Solvang, and other Santa Barbara County cities. It is northwest of Los Angeles and south of San Francisco. The population was 1,890 at the 2010 census, up from 1,372 at the 2000 census. Title: Shire of Mirani Passage: The Shire of Mirani was a local government area located in the North Queensland region of Queensland, Australia. The shire, administered from the town of Mirani, covered an area of , and existed as a local government entity from 1916 until 2008, when it amalgamated with the City of Mackay and the Shire of Sarina to form the Mackay Region. Title: Leninsk-Kuznetsky District Passage: Leninsk-Kuznetsky District (, ) is an administrative district (raion), one of the nineteen in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Leninsk-Kuznetsky Municipal District. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Leninsk-Kuznetsky (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 27,825 (2002 Census); Title: Benghazi al-Jadida Passage: Benghazi al-Jadida or New benghazi is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya. It is part of the city of Benghazi located east of the port and west of Al-Hawari. Title: Irkutsky District Passage: Irkutsky District () is an administrative district, one of the thirty-three in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Irkutsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Irkutsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 84,322. Title: Forlanini (district of Milan) Passage: Forlanini is a district ("quartiere") of Milan, Italy. It is part of the Zone 4 administrative division, located east of the city centre. Title: Shire of Taringa Passage: The Shire of Taringa is a former local government area of Queensland, Australia, located in western Brisbane. Its administrative centre was Taringa (now a suburb of City of Brisbane). It existed from 1890 to 1925. Title: Minsk Region Passage: Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, "Minskaja vobłasć" ; , "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500. Title: KABG Passage: KABG (98.5 MHz) is an American radio station licensed to Los Alamos, New Mexico serving the Santa Fe and Albuquerque radio markets. It is owned by American General Media and has a classic hits format playing top 40 hits mostly from the 1970s to the early 1990s. Its studios are located in Northeast Albuquerque and the transmitter tower is located west of Los Alamos, New Mexico. Title: Namangan Passage: Namangan (also in ) is a city in eastern Uzbekistan. It is the administrative, economic, and cultural center of Namangan Region. Namangan is located in the northern edge of the Fergana Valley, less than 30 km from the Kyrgyzstan border. The city is served by Namangan Airport. Title: Sokolniki District Passage: Sokolniki District () is a district of the Eastern Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow located in the north-east corner of the city. Population: Title: Gmina Tarnów Passage: Gmina Tarnów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Tarnów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the city of Tarnów, although the city is not part of the territory of the gmina.	[ "Los Alamos, California", "KABG" ]
2hop__92900_512508	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The neutron detection temperature, also called the neutron energy, indicates a free neutron's kinetic energy, usually given in electron volts. The term temperature is used, since hot, thermal and cold neutrons are moderated in a medium with a certain temperature. The neutron energy distribution is then adapted to the Maxwellian distribution known for thermal motion. Qualitatively, the higher the temperature, the higher the kinetic energy of the free neutrons. The momentum and wavelength of the neutron are related through the de Broglie relation. The large wavelength of slow neutrons allows for the large cross section.", "title": "Neutron temperature" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A neutron star is a highly dense remnant of a star that is primarily composed of neutrons—a particle that is found in most atomic nuclei and has no net electrical charge. The mass of a neutron star is in the range of 1.2 to 2.1 times the mass of the Sun. As a result of the collapse, a newly formed neutron star can have a very rapid rate of rotation; on the order of a hundred rotations per second.", "title": "Stellar rotation" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Curium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with the symbol Cm and atomic number 96. This element of the actinide series was named after Marie and Pierre Curie – both were known for their research on radioactivity. Curium was first intentionally produced and identified in July 1944 by the group of Glenn T. Seaborg at the University of California, Berkeley. The discovery was kept secret and only released to the public in November 1947. Most curium is produced by bombarding uranium or plutonium with neutrons in nuclear reactors – one tonne of spent nuclear fuel contains about 20 grams of curium.", "title": "Curium" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The deuterium isotope's name is formed from the Greek \"deuteros\", meaning \"second\", to denote the two particles composing the nucleus. Deuterium was discovered and named in 1931 by Harold Urey. When the neutron was discovered in 1932, this made the nuclear structure of deuterium obvious, and Urey won the Nobel Prize in 1934 “for his discovery of heavy hydrogen”. Soon after deuterium's discovery, Urey and others produced samples of \"heavy water\" in which the deuterium content had been highly concentrated.", "title": "Deuterium" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of the periodic table reflects over a century of growth in the understanding of chemical properties. The most important event in its history occurred in 1869, when the table was published by Dmitri Mendeleev, who built upon earlier discoveries by scientists such as Antoine - Laurent de Lavoisier and John Newlands, but who is nevertheless generally given sole credit for its development.", "title": "History of the periodic table" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "During the Second World War, Chadwick carried out research as part of the Tube Alloys project to build an atomic bomb, while his Manchester lab and environs were harassed by Luftwaffe bombing. When the Quebec Agreement merged his project with the American Manhattan Project, he became part of the British Mission, and worked at the Los Alamos Laboratory and in Washington, D.C. He surprised everyone by earning the almost-complete trust of project director Leslie R. Groves, Jr. For his efforts, Chadwick received a knighthood in the New Year Honours on 1 January 1945. In July 1945, he viewed the Trinity nuclear test. After this, he served as the British scientific advisor to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. Uncomfortable with the trend toward Big Science, Chadwick became the Master of Gonville and Caius College in 1948. He retired in 1959.", "title": "James Chadwick" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first discovery of the diffuse nebulous nature of the Orion Nebula is generally credited to French astronomer Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, on November 26, 1610 when he made a record of observing it with a refracting telescope purchased by his patron Guillaume du Vair.", "title": "Orion Nebula" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Uranium-235 was the first isotope that was found to be fissile. Other naturally occurring isotopes are fissionable, but not fissile. On bombardment with slow neutrons, its uranium-235 isotope will most of the time divide into two smaller nuclei, releasing nuclear binding energy and more neutrons. If too many of these neutrons are absorbed by other uranium-235 nuclei, a nuclear chain reaction occurs that results in a burst of heat or (in special circumstances) an explosion. In a nuclear reactor, such a chain reaction is slowed and controlled by a neutron poison, absorbing some of the free neutrons. Such neutron absorbent materials are often part of reactor control rods (see nuclear reactor physics for a description of this process of reactor control).", "title": "Uranium" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Texas Car Wars was an American reality documentary television series on the Discovery Channel. The series debuted on September 9, 2012 and follows four auto body shops who participate in bidding wars in order to find the most valuable junk cars and refurbish them into jackpots.", "title": "Texas Car Wars" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The year 1932 was later referred to as the ``annus mirabilis ''for nuclear physics in the Cavendish Laboratory, with discoveries of the neutron, artificial nuclear disintegration by the Cockcroft -- Walton particle accelerator, and the positron.", "title": "Discovery of the neutron" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A neutron star is the collapsed core of a large star which before collapse had a total of between 10 and 29 solar masses. Neutron stars are the smallest and densest stars known to exist. Though neutron stars typically have a radius on the order of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), they can have masses of about twice that of the Sun. They result from the supernova explosion of a massive star, combined with gravitational collapse, that compresses the core past the white dwarf star density to that of atomic nuclei. Once formed, they no longer actively generate heat and cool over time; however, they may still evolve further through collision or accretion. Most of the basic models for these objects imply that neutron stars are composed almost entirely of neutrons, which are subatomic particles with no net electrical charge and with slightly larger mass than protons. Neutron stars are supported against further collapse by neutron degeneracy pressure, a phenomenon described by the Pauli exclusion principle, just as white dwarfs are supported against collapse by electron degeneracy pressure. If the remnant star has a mass greater than about 3 solar masses, it continues collapsing to form a black hole.", "title": "Neutron star" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In nuclear engineering, a neutron moderator is a medium that reduces the speed of fast neutrons, thereby turning them into thermal neutrons capable of sustaining a nuclear chain reaction involving uranium - 235 or a similar fissile nuclide.", "title": "Neutron moderator" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the wake of the discovery, there was much nationalistic rivalry between the French and the British over who deserved credit for the discovery. Eventually, an international consensus emerged that both Le Verrier and Adams jointly deserved credit. Since 1966, Dennis Rawlins has questioned the credibility of Adams's claim to co-discovery, and the issue was re-evaluated by historians with the return in 1998 of the \"Neptune papers\" (historical documents) to the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. After reviewing the documents, they suggest that \"Adams does not deserve equal credit with Le Verrier for the discovery of Neptune. That credit belongs only to the person who succeeded both in predicting the planet's place and in convincing astronomers to search for it.\"", "title": "Neptune" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "All consideration of nuclear electrons ended with James Chadwick's discovery of the neutron in 1932. An atom of gold now was seen as containing 118 neutrons rather than 118 nuclear electrons, and its positive charge now was realized to come entirely from a content of 79 protons. After 1932, therefore, an element's atomic number Z was also realized to be identical to the proton number of its nuclei.", "title": "Atomic number" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "RRAT J1819-1458 is a Milky Way neutron star and the best studied of the class of rotating radio transients (RRATs) first discovered in 2006.", "title": "RRAT J1819-1458" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) is a United States law (codified at 15 U.S.C. § 1691 et seq.), enacted 28 October 1974, that makes it unlawful for any creditor to discriminate against any applicant, with respect to any aspect of a credit transaction, on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, or age (provided the applicant has the capacity to contract); to the fact that all or part of the applicant's income derives from a public assistance program; or to the fact that the applicant has in good faith exercised any right under the Consumer Credit Protection Act. The law applies to any person who, in the ordinary course of business, regularly participates in a credit decision, including banks, retailers, bankcard companies, finance companies, and credit unions.", "title": "Equal Credit Opportunity Act" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raglan Mine is a large nickel mining complex in the Nunavik region of northern Quebec, Canada. It is located approximately south of Deception Bay. Discovery of the deposits is credited to Murray Edmund Watts in 1931 or 1932. It is owned and operated by Glencore. The mine site is located in sub-arctic permafrost of the Cape Smith Belt, with an average underground temperature of .", "title": "Raglan Mine" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Most nuclear fuels contain heavy fissile elements that are capable of nuclear fission, such as uranium - 235 or plutonium - 239. When the unstable nuclei of these atoms are hit by a slow - moving neutron, they split, creating two daughter nuclei and two or three more neutrons. These neutrons then go on to split more nuclei. This creates a self - sustaining chain reaction that is controlled in a nuclear reactor, or uncontrolled in a nuclear weapon.", "title": "Nuclear fuel" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is a program created by the Congress of the United States in 1968 through the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (P.L. 90 - 448). The program enables property owners in participating communities to purchase insurance protection, administered by the government, against losses from flooding, and requires flood insurance for all loans or lines of credit that are secured by existing buildings, manufactured homes, or buildings under construction, that are located in a community that participates in the NFIP.", "title": "National Flood Insurance Program" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The essential nature of the atomic nucleus was established with the discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick in 1932 and the determination that it was a new elementary particle, distinct from the proton.", "title": "Discovery of the neutron" } ]	The person credited with the discovery of the neutron is a participant in what project?	Manhattan Project	[]	Title: Neutron star Passage: A neutron star is the collapsed core of a large star which before collapse had a total of between 10 and 29 solar masses. Neutron stars are the smallest and densest stars known to exist. Though neutron stars typically have a radius on the order of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), they can have masses of about twice that of the Sun. They result from the supernova explosion of a massive star, combined with gravitational collapse, that compresses the core past the white dwarf star density to that of atomic nuclei. Once formed, they no longer actively generate heat and cool over time; however, they may still evolve further through collision or accretion. Most of the basic models for these objects imply that neutron stars are composed almost entirely of neutrons, which are subatomic particles with no net electrical charge and with slightly larger mass than protons. Neutron stars are supported against further collapse by neutron degeneracy pressure, a phenomenon described by the Pauli exclusion principle, just as white dwarfs are supported against collapse by electron degeneracy pressure. If the remnant star has a mass greater than about 3 solar masses, it continues collapsing to form a black hole. Title: Texas Car Wars Passage: Texas Car Wars was an American reality documentary television series on the Discovery Channel. The series debuted on September 9, 2012 and follows four auto body shops who participate in bidding wars in order to find the most valuable junk cars and refurbish them into jackpots. Title: Curium Passage: Curium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with the symbol Cm and atomic number 96. This element of the actinide series was named after Marie and Pierre Curie – both were known for their research on radioactivity. Curium was first intentionally produced and identified in July 1944 by the group of Glenn T. Seaborg at the University of California, Berkeley. The discovery was kept secret and only released to the public in November 1947. Most curium is produced by bombarding uranium or plutonium with neutrons in nuclear reactors – one tonne of spent nuclear fuel contains about 20 grams of curium. Title: Neutron temperature Passage: The neutron detection temperature, also called the neutron energy, indicates a free neutron's kinetic energy, usually given in electron volts. The term temperature is used, since hot, thermal and cold neutrons are moderated in a medium with a certain temperature. The neutron energy distribution is then adapted to the Maxwellian distribution known for thermal motion. Qualitatively, the higher the temperature, the higher the kinetic energy of the free neutrons. The momentum and wavelength of the neutron are related through the de Broglie relation. The large wavelength of slow neutrons allows for the large cross section. Title: Stellar rotation Passage: A neutron star is a highly dense remnant of a star that is primarily composed of neutrons—a particle that is found in most atomic nuclei and has no net electrical charge. The mass of a neutron star is in the range of 1.2 to 2.1 times the mass of the Sun. As a result of the collapse, a newly formed neutron star can have a very rapid rate of rotation; on the order of a hundred rotations per second. Title: Uranium Passage: Uranium-235 was the first isotope that was found to be fissile. Other naturally occurring isotopes are fissionable, but not fissile. On bombardment with slow neutrons, its uranium-235 isotope will most of the time divide into two smaller nuclei, releasing nuclear binding energy and more neutrons. If too many of these neutrons are absorbed by other uranium-235 nuclei, a nuclear chain reaction occurs that results in a burst of heat or (in special circumstances) an explosion. In a nuclear reactor, such a chain reaction is slowed and controlled by a neutron poison, absorbing some of the free neutrons. Such neutron absorbent materials are often part of reactor control rods (see nuclear reactor physics for a description of this process of reactor control). Title: James Chadwick Passage: During the Second World War, Chadwick carried out research as part of the Tube Alloys project to build an atomic bomb, while his Manchester lab and environs were harassed by Luftwaffe bombing. When the Quebec Agreement merged his project with the American Manhattan Project, he became part of the British Mission, and worked at the Los Alamos Laboratory and in Washington, D.C. He surprised everyone by earning the almost-complete trust of project director Leslie R. Groves, Jr. For his efforts, Chadwick received a knighthood in the New Year Honours on 1 January 1945. In July 1945, he viewed the Trinity nuclear test. After this, he served as the British scientific advisor to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. Uncomfortable with the trend toward Big Science, Chadwick became the Master of Gonville and Caius College in 1948. He retired in 1959. Title: Neutron moderator Passage: In nuclear engineering, a neutron moderator is a medium that reduces the speed of fast neutrons, thereby turning them into thermal neutrons capable of sustaining a nuclear chain reaction involving uranium - 235 or a similar fissile nuclide. Title: Discovery of the neutron Passage: The year 1932 was later referred to as the ``annus mirabilis ''for nuclear physics in the Cavendish Laboratory, with discoveries of the neutron, artificial nuclear disintegration by the Cockcroft -- Walton particle accelerator, and the positron. Title: Atomic number Passage: All consideration of nuclear electrons ended with James Chadwick's discovery of the neutron in 1932. An atom of gold now was seen as containing 118 neutrons rather than 118 nuclear electrons, and its positive charge now was realized to come entirely from a content of 79 protons. After 1932, therefore, an element's atomic number Z was also realized to be identical to the proton number of its nuclei. Title: Neptune Passage: In the wake of the discovery, there was much nationalistic rivalry between the French and the British over who deserved credit for the discovery. Eventually, an international consensus emerged that both Le Verrier and Adams jointly deserved credit. Since 1966, Dennis Rawlins has questioned the credibility of Adams's claim to co-discovery, and the issue was re-evaluated by historians with the return in 1998 of the "Neptune papers" (historical documents) to the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. After reviewing the documents, they suggest that "Adams does not deserve equal credit with Le Verrier for the discovery of Neptune. That credit belongs only to the person who succeeded both in predicting the planet's place and in convincing astronomers to search for it." Title: History of the periodic table Passage: The history of the periodic table reflects over a century of growth in the understanding of chemical properties. The most important event in its history occurred in 1869, when the table was published by Dmitri Mendeleev, who built upon earlier discoveries by scientists such as Antoine - Laurent de Lavoisier and John Newlands, but who is nevertheless generally given sole credit for its development. Title: Orion Nebula Passage: The first discovery of the diffuse nebulous nature of the Orion Nebula is generally credited to French astronomer Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, on November 26, 1610 when he made a record of observing it with a refracting telescope purchased by his patron Guillaume du Vair. Title: RRAT J1819-1458 Passage: RRAT J1819-1458 is a Milky Way neutron star and the best studied of the class of rotating radio transients (RRATs) first discovered in 2006. Title: National Flood Insurance Program Passage: The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is a program created by the Congress of the United States in 1968 through the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (P.L. 90 - 448). The program enables property owners in participating communities to purchase insurance protection, administered by the government, against losses from flooding, and requires flood insurance for all loans or lines of credit that are secured by existing buildings, manufactured homes, or buildings under construction, that are located in a community that participates in the NFIP. Title: Equal Credit Opportunity Act Passage: The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) is a United States law (codified at 15 U.S.C. § 1691 et seq.), enacted 28 October 1974, that makes it unlawful for any creditor to discriminate against any applicant, with respect to any aspect of a credit transaction, on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, or age (provided the applicant has the capacity to contract); to the fact that all or part of the applicant's income derives from a public assistance program; or to the fact that the applicant has in good faith exercised any right under the Consumer Credit Protection Act. The law applies to any person who, in the ordinary course of business, regularly participates in a credit decision, including banks, retailers, bankcard companies, finance companies, and credit unions. Title: Deuterium Passage: The deuterium isotope's name is formed from the Greek "deuteros", meaning "second", to denote the two particles composing the nucleus. Deuterium was discovered and named in 1931 by Harold Urey. When the neutron was discovered in 1932, this made the nuclear structure of deuterium obvious, and Urey won the Nobel Prize in 1934 “for his discovery of heavy hydrogen”. Soon after deuterium's discovery, Urey and others produced samples of "heavy water" in which the deuterium content had been highly concentrated. Title: Nuclear fuel Passage: Most nuclear fuels contain heavy fissile elements that are capable of nuclear fission, such as uranium - 235 or plutonium - 239. When the unstable nuclei of these atoms are hit by a slow - moving neutron, they split, creating two daughter nuclei and two or three more neutrons. These neutrons then go on to split more nuclei. This creates a self - sustaining chain reaction that is controlled in a nuclear reactor, or uncontrolled in a nuclear weapon. Title: Discovery of the neutron Passage: The essential nature of the atomic nucleus was established with the discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick in 1932 and the determination that it was a new elementary particle, distinct from the proton. Title: Raglan Mine Passage: Raglan Mine is a large nickel mining complex in the Nunavik region of northern Quebec, Canada. It is located approximately south of Deception Bay. Discovery of the deposits is credited to Murray Edmund Watts in 1931 or 1932. It is owned and operated by Glencore. The mine site is located in sub-arctic permafrost of the Cape Smith Belt, with an average underground temperature of .	[ "James Chadwick", "Discovery of the neutron" ]
2hop__107905_110222	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pak Nam-gi or Park Nam-ki (21 February 1934 – 17 March 2010) was, until as late as January 2010, Director of the Planning and Finance Department of the ruling party of North Korea. There are doubts about his date of birth, with at least two unattributed sources reporting it as 21 February 1934 or sometime in 1928 respectively.", "title": "Pak Nam-gi" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A Burial At Ornans (, also known as A Funeral At Ornans) is a painting of 1849–50 by Gustave Courbet, and one of the major turning points of 19th-century French art. The painting records the funeral in September 1848 of his great-uncle in the painter's birthplace, the small town of Ornans. It treats an ordinary provincial funeral with unflattering realism, and on the giant scale traditionally reserved for the heroic or religious scenes of history painting. Its exhibition at the 1850–51 Paris Salon created an \"explosive reaction\" and brought Courbet instant fame. It is currently displayed at the Musée d'Orsay in Paris, France.", "title": "A Burial At Ornans" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clara Morris (March 17, 1849 – November 20, 1925) (her birth date is sometimes given as 1846/48) was an American actress.", "title": "Clara Morris" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The earliest evidence of human occupation of the Channel Islands has been dated to 250,000 years ago when they were attached to the landmass of continental Europe. The islands became detached by rising sea levels in the Neolithic period. The numerous dolmens and other archaeological sites extant and recorded in history demonstrate the existence of a population large enough and organised enough to undertake constructions of considerable size and sophistication, such as the burial mound at La Hougue Bie in Jersey or the statue menhirs of Guernsey.", "title": "Channel Islands" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bonnevaux-le-Prieuré is a former commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune Ornans.", "title": "Bonnevaux-le-Prieuré" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shirley Abicair was born in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Some sources show her year of birth as 1935, but a contemporary account shows she was 23 or 24 on arrival in Britain and, as she had completed tertiary studies in Australia, the earlier date seems more likely. She was the only daughter of a Wing Commander in the RAAF.", "title": "Shirley Abicair" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maureen Payne (date of birth unknown, died 1997, South Africa) was a South Africa Test cricketer. She captained the side for their second series, played against New Zealand in 1971–72. She appeared in five Tests for South Africa, claiming eight wickets.", "title": "Maureen Payne" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover (glove-maker) originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and baptised there on 26 April 1564. His actual date of birth remains unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April, Saint George's Day. This date, which can be traced to a mistake made by an 18th-century scholar, has proved appealing to biographers because Shakespeare died on the same date in 1616. He was the third of eight children, and the eldest surviving son.", "title": "William Shakespeare" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet (; 10 June 1819 – 31 December 1877) was a French painter who led the Realism movement in 19th-century French painting. Committed to painting only what he could see, he rejected academic convention and the Romanticism of the previous generation of visual artists. His independence set an example that was important to later artists, such as the Impressionists and the Cubists. Courbet occupies an important place in 19th-century French painting as an innovator and as an artist willing to make bold social statements through his work.", "title": "Gustave Courbet" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The funeral and burial for Donda West was held in Oklahoma City on November 20, 2007. West played his first concert following the funeral at The O2 in London on November 22. He dedicated a performance of \"Hey Mama\", as well as a cover of Journey's \"Don't Stop Believin'\", to his mother, and did so on all other dates of his Glow in the Dark tour.", "title": "Kanye West" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sammallahdenmäki is a Bronze age burial site in Finland in Rauma. It was designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1999, and includes 36 granite burial cairns dating back more than 3,000 years, to 1,500 to 500 BC. It is located on a hill in a remote area off the road between Tampere and Rauma. Originally, it was near the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia, but the land has risen so it is now 15 kilometers from the sea. It is one of the most important Bronze Age sites in Fennoscandia.", "title": "Sammallahdenmäki" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The earliest archaeological findings in Denmark date back to the Eem interglacial period from 130,000–110,000 BC. Denmark has been inhabited since around 12,500 BC and agriculture has been evident since 3900 BC. The Nordic Bronze Age (1800–600 BC) in Denmark was marked by burial mounds, which left an abundance of findings including lurs and the Sun Chariot.", "title": "Denmark" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The cemetery has had various titles including The Cemetery by the Common, Hill Lane Cemetery and is currently known as Southampton Old Cemetery. An Act of Parliament was required in 1843 to acquire the land from Southampton Common. It covers an area of and the total number of burials is estimated at 116,800. Currently there are 6 to 8 burials a year to existing family plots.", "title": "Southampton Old Cemetery" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tomb KV16 is located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt. It was used for the burial of Pharaoh Ramesses I of the Nineteenth Dynasty. The burial place was discovered by Giovanni Belzoni in October 1817.", "title": "KV16" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The program has been hosted by 12 different moderators to date, beginning with creator Martha Rountree. The show's moderator since 2014 is Chuck Todd, who also serves as political director for NBC News.", "title": "Meet the Press" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Švitrigaila was born to Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his second wife Uliana of Tver. His date of birth is unknown, but it is believed that he was the youngest or second youngest son of Algirdas. He first appeared in politics in October 1382 when he witnessed the Treaty of Dubysa between his elder brother Jogaila and the Teutonic Knights. Historians believe that would indicate that at the time Švitrigaila was no younger than 12 which would put his date of birth sometime before 1370. In a complaint submitted to the Council of Florence, Švitrigaila claimed that he and Jogaila were favorite sons of Algirdas. Before his death in 1377, Algirdas transferred his throne to Jogaila but made him swear to make Švitrigaila his heir. Jogaila's representatives did not outright deny the arrangement and instead claimed that it had been modified by mutual agreement between the brothers.", "title": "Švitrigaila" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Geumgoksa or Geumgok Temple (금곡사) is a Buddhist temple in Gangjin county, South Jeolla province, South Korea. Its name means \"Golden Valley Temple.\" Three temples and numerous smaller shrines and burial mounds comprise the site. It is noted for its scenic beauty as well as a 3-tiered stone pagoda that dates to the Goryo Dynasty.", "title": "Geumgoksa" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A number of hypotheses exist on many of the key issues regarding the domestication of the horse. Although horses appeared in Paleolithic cave art as early as 30,000 BCE, these were wild horses and were probably hunted for meat. How and when horses became domesticated is disputed. The clearest evidence of early use of the horse as a means of transport is from chariot burials dated c. 2000 BCE. However, an increasing amount of evidence supports the hypothesis that horses were domesticated in the Eurasian Steppes approximately 3500 BCE; recent discoveries in the context of the Botai culture suggest that Botai settlements in the Akmola Province of Kazakhstan are the location of the earliest domestication of the horse. Regardless of the specific date of domestication, use of horses spread rapidly across Eurasia for transportation, agricultural work and warfare.", "title": "Domestication of the horse" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Berlin 1939–1945 War Cemetery is one of two Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) cemeteries in Berlin, the other being the World War I Berlin South-Western Cemetery in Stahnsdorf, Brandenburg. The Berlin 1939–1945 War Cemetery was established in 1945 as a central burial ground for aircrew and prisoners of war who were interred in the Berlin area and in East Germany. There are also 260 burials from the post-war British Occupation Authorities staff, or their relatives. Of the wartime burials, about 80% are aircrew, killed in action over Germany: the remainder are prisoners of war.", "title": "Berlin 1939–1945 Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oglahty (Russian: Оглахты) is a mountain range and a burial complex of Tashtyk culture located 60 km north of Minusinsk, Khakassia, Russia, on the right bank of Yenisei River. Oglahty burials are dated to ca. 1st century BC. The burials were first surveyed in 1903 by A.V. Adrianov. The dryness of the soil and favorable climatic conditions in the burial monument preserved perishable materials including wood, leather, fur, and fabrics. A prominent place among artifacts in the Oglahty complex occupy solid and decorated polychromatic fabrics. They are preserved in the Hermitage Museum of Saint Petersburg (see the pictures).", "title": "Oglakhty" } ]	When is the date of birth of the creator of A Burial at Ornans?	10 June 1819	[]	Title: Gustave Courbet Passage: Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet (; 10 June 1819 – 31 December 1877) was a French painter who led the Realism movement in 19th-century French painting. Committed to painting only what he could see, he rejected academic convention and the Romanticism of the previous generation of visual artists. His independence set an example that was important to later artists, such as the Impressionists and the Cubists. Courbet occupies an important place in 19th-century French painting as an innovator and as an artist willing to make bold social statements through his work. Title: Sammallahdenmäki Passage: Sammallahdenmäki is a Bronze age burial site in Finland in Rauma. It was designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1999, and includes 36 granite burial cairns dating back more than 3,000 years, to 1,500 to 500 BC. It is located on a hill in a remote area off the road between Tampere and Rauma. Originally, it was near the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia, but the land has risen so it is now 15 kilometers from the sea. It is one of the most important Bronze Age sites in Fennoscandia. Title: Clara Morris Passage: Clara Morris (March 17, 1849 – November 20, 1925) (her birth date is sometimes given as 1846/48) was an American actress. Title: Bonnevaux-le-Prieuré Passage: Bonnevaux-le-Prieuré is a former commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune Ornans. Title: Geumgoksa Passage: Geumgoksa or Geumgok Temple (금곡사) is a Buddhist temple in Gangjin county, South Jeolla province, South Korea. Its name means "Golden Valley Temple." Three temples and numerous smaller shrines and burial mounds comprise the site. It is noted for its scenic beauty as well as a 3-tiered stone pagoda that dates to the Goryo Dynasty. Title: Shirley Abicair Passage: Shirley Abicair was born in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Some sources show her year of birth as 1935, but a contemporary account shows she was 23 or 24 on arrival in Britain and, as she had completed tertiary studies in Australia, the earlier date seems more likely. She was the only daughter of a Wing Commander in the RAAF. Title: Švitrigaila Passage: Švitrigaila was born to Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his second wife Uliana of Tver. His date of birth is unknown, but it is believed that he was the youngest or second youngest son of Algirdas. He first appeared in politics in October 1382 when he witnessed the Treaty of Dubysa between his elder brother Jogaila and the Teutonic Knights. Historians believe that would indicate that at the time Švitrigaila was no younger than 12 which would put his date of birth sometime before 1370. In a complaint submitted to the Council of Florence, Švitrigaila claimed that he and Jogaila were favorite sons of Algirdas. Before his death in 1377, Algirdas transferred his throne to Jogaila but made him swear to make Švitrigaila his heir. Jogaila's representatives did not outright deny the arrangement and instead claimed that it had been modified by mutual agreement between the brothers. Title: Maureen Payne Passage: Maureen Payne (date of birth unknown, died 1997, South Africa) was a South Africa Test cricketer. She captained the side for their second series, played against New Zealand in 1971–72. She appeared in five Tests for South Africa, claiming eight wickets. Title: Berlin 1939–1945 Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery Passage: The Berlin 1939–1945 War Cemetery is one of two Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) cemeteries in Berlin, the other being the World War I Berlin South-Western Cemetery in Stahnsdorf, Brandenburg. The Berlin 1939–1945 War Cemetery was established in 1945 as a central burial ground for aircrew and prisoners of war who were interred in the Berlin area and in East Germany. There are also 260 burials from the post-war British Occupation Authorities staff, or their relatives. Of the wartime burials, about 80% are aircrew, killed in action over Germany: the remainder are prisoners of war. Title: Oglakhty Passage: Oglahty (Russian: Оглахты) is a mountain range and a burial complex of Tashtyk culture located 60 km north of Minusinsk, Khakassia, Russia, on the right bank of Yenisei River. Oglahty burials are dated to ca. 1st century BC. The burials were first surveyed in 1903 by A.V. Adrianov. The dryness of the soil and favorable climatic conditions in the burial monument preserved perishable materials including wood, leather, fur, and fabrics. A prominent place among artifacts in the Oglahty complex occupy solid and decorated polychromatic fabrics. They are preserved in the Hermitage Museum of Saint Petersburg (see the pictures). Title: Denmark Passage: The earliest archaeological findings in Denmark date back to the Eem interglacial period from 130,000–110,000 BC. Denmark has been inhabited since around 12,500 BC and agriculture has been evident since 3900 BC. The Nordic Bronze Age (1800–600 BC) in Denmark was marked by burial mounds, which left an abundance of findings including lurs and the Sun Chariot. Title: KV16 Passage: Tomb KV16 is located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt. It was used for the burial of Pharaoh Ramesses I of the Nineteenth Dynasty. The burial place was discovered by Giovanni Belzoni in October 1817. Title: Channel Islands Passage: The earliest evidence of human occupation of the Channel Islands has been dated to 250,000 years ago when they were attached to the landmass of continental Europe. The islands became detached by rising sea levels in the Neolithic period. The numerous dolmens and other archaeological sites extant and recorded in history demonstrate the existence of a population large enough and organised enough to undertake constructions of considerable size and sophistication, such as the burial mound at La Hougue Bie in Jersey or the statue menhirs of Guernsey. Title: Meet the Press Passage: The program has been hosted by 12 different moderators to date, beginning with creator Martha Rountree. The show's moderator since 2014 is Chuck Todd, who also serves as political director for NBC News. Title: A Burial At Ornans Passage: A Burial At Ornans (, also known as A Funeral At Ornans) is a painting of 1849–50 by Gustave Courbet, and one of the major turning points of 19th-century French art. The painting records the funeral in September 1848 of his great-uncle in the painter's birthplace, the small town of Ornans. It treats an ordinary provincial funeral with unflattering realism, and on the giant scale traditionally reserved for the heroic or religious scenes of history painting. Its exhibition at the 1850–51 Paris Salon created an "explosive reaction" and brought Courbet instant fame. It is currently displayed at the Musée d'Orsay in Paris, France. Title: William Shakespeare Passage: William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover (glove-maker) originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and baptised there on 26 April 1564. His actual date of birth remains unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April, Saint George's Day. This date, which can be traced to a mistake made by an 18th-century scholar, has proved appealing to biographers because Shakespeare died on the same date in 1616. He was the third of eight children, and the eldest surviving son. Title: Pak Nam-gi Passage: Pak Nam-gi or Park Nam-ki (21 February 1934 – 17 March 2010) was, until as late as January 2010, Director of the Planning and Finance Department of the ruling party of North Korea. There are doubts about his date of birth, with at least two unattributed sources reporting it as 21 February 1934 or sometime in 1928 respectively. Title: Southampton Old Cemetery Passage: The cemetery has had various titles including The Cemetery by the Common, Hill Lane Cemetery and is currently known as Southampton Old Cemetery. An Act of Parliament was required in 1843 to acquire the land from Southampton Common. It covers an area of and the total number of burials is estimated at 116,800. Currently there are 6 to 8 burials a year to existing family plots. Title: Domestication of the horse Passage: A number of hypotheses exist on many of the key issues regarding the domestication of the horse. Although horses appeared in Paleolithic cave art as early as 30,000 BCE, these were wild horses and were probably hunted for meat. How and when horses became domesticated is disputed. The clearest evidence of early use of the horse as a means of transport is from chariot burials dated c. 2000 BCE. However, an increasing amount of evidence supports the hypothesis that horses were domesticated in the Eurasian Steppes approximately 3500 BCE; recent discoveries in the context of the Botai culture suggest that Botai settlements in the Akmola Province of Kazakhstan are the location of the earliest domestication of the horse. Regardless of the specific date of domestication, use of horses spread rapidly across Eurasia for transportation, agricultural work and warfare. Title: Kanye West Passage: The funeral and burial for Donda West was held in Oklahoma City on November 20, 2007. West played his first concert following the funeral at The O2 in London on November 22. He dedicated a performance of "Hey Mama", as well as a cover of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'", to his mother, and did so on all other dates of his Glow in the Dark tour.	[ "A Burial At Ornans", "Gustave Courbet" ]
2hop__16844_42173	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Major General Sir Henry Havelock KCB (5 April 1795 – 24 November 1857) was a British general who is particularly associated with India and his recapture of Cawnpore during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (First War of Independence, Sepoy Mutiny).", "title": "Henry Havelock" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Article 370 of the Indian constitution is an article that gives autonomous status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The article is drafted in Part XXI of the Constitution: Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions. The Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir, after its establishment, was empowered to recommend the articles of the Indian constitution that should be applied to the state or to abrogate the Article 370 altogether. After the J&K Constituent Assembly later created the state's constitution and dissolved itself without recommending the abrogation of Article 370, the article was deemed to have become a permanent feature of the Indian Constitution.", "title": "Article 370 of the Constitution of India" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Shunga Empire or Shunga Empire was an ancient Indian dynasty from Magadha that controlled vast areas of the Indian subcontinent from around 187 to 78 BCE. The dynasty was established by Pushyamitra Shunga, after the fall of the Maurya Empire. Its capital was Pataliputra, but later emperors such as Bhagabhadra also held court at Besnagar, modern Vidisha in Eastern Malwa. Pushyamitra Shunga ruled for 36 years and was succeeded by his son Agnimitra. There were ten Shunga rulers. The empire is noted for its numerous wars with both foreign and indigenous powers. They fought battles with the Kalingas, Satavahanas, the Indo-Greeks, and possibly the Panchalas and Mathuras. Art, education, philosophy, and other forms of learning flowered during this period including small terracotta images, larger stone sculptures, and architectural monuments such as the Stupa at Bharhut, and the renowned Great Stupa at Sanchi. The Shunga rulers helped to establish the tradition of royal sponsorship of learning and art. The script used by the empire was a variant of Brahmi and was used to write the Sanskrit language. The Shunga Empire played an imperative role in patronizing Indian culture at a time when some of the most important developments in Hindu thought were taking place.", "title": "History of India" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jamsetji Tata joined his father in Mumbai at the age of 14 and enrolled at the Elphinstone College completing his education as a 'Green Scholar' (an equivalent of a graduate). He was married to Hirabai Daboo while he was still a student. He graduated from college in 1858 and joined his father's trading firm. It was a turbulent time to start a business as the Indian Rebellion of 1857 had just been suppressed by the British government.", "title": "Jamsetji Tata" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arthur William Garnett (1829–1861) was an English military and civil engineer in India from the time of the Second Anglo-Sikh War until just after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.", "title": "Arthur William Garnett" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The empire went into decline thereafter. The Mughals suffered several blows due to invasions from Marathas and Afghans. During the decline of the Mughal Empire, several smaller states rose to fill the power vacuum and themselves were contributing factors to the decline. In 1737, the Maratha general Bajirao of the Maratha Empire invaded and plundered Delhi. Under the general Amir Khan Umrao Al Udat, the Mughal Emperor sent 8,000 troops to drive away the 5,000 Maratha cavalry soldiers. Baji Rao, however, easily routed the novice Mughal general and the rest of the imperial Mughal army fled. In 1737, in the final defeat of Mughal Empire, the commander-in-chief of the Mughal Army, Nizam-ul-mulk, was routed at Bhopal by the Maratha army. This essentially brought an end to the Mughal Empire. In 1739, Nader Shah, emperor of Iran, defeated the Mughal army at the Battle of Karnal. After this victory, Nader captured and sacked Delhi, carrying away many treasures, including the Peacock Throne. The Mughal dynasty was reduced to puppet rulers by 1757. The remnants of the Mughal dynasty were finally defeated during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also called the 1857 War of Independence, and the remains of the empire were formally taken over by the British while the Government of India Act 1858 let the British Crown assume direct control of India in the form of the new British Raj.", "title": "History of India" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mirza Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar (24 October 1775 -- 7 November 1862) was the last Mughal emperor. He was the second son of Akbar ll of and became the successor to his father, Akbar II, upon his death on 28 September 1837. He was a nominal Emperor, as the Mughal Empire existed in name only and his authority was limited only to the city of Delhi (Shahjahanabad). Following his involvement in the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British exiled him to Rangoon in British - controlled Burma, after convicting him on conspiracy charges.", "title": "Bahadur Shah Zafar" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This system of governance was instituted on 28 June 1858, when, after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the British East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria (who, in 1876, was proclaimed Empress of India). It lasted until 1947, when Britain ′ s Indian Empire was partitioned into two sovereign dominion states: the Dominion of India (later the Republic of India) and the Dominion of Pakistan (later the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the eastern part of which, still later, became the People's Republic of Bangladesh). At the inception of the Raj in 1858, Lower Burma was already a part of British India; Upper Burma was added in 1886, and the resulting union, Burma, was administered as an autonomous province until 1937, when it became a separate British colony, gaining its own independence in 1948.", "title": "British Raj" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the form of a mutiny of sepoys of the Company's army in the garrison town of Meerut, 40 miles northeast of Delhi (now Old Delhi). It then erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions, chiefly in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, though incidents of revolt also occurred farther north and east. The rebellion posed a considerable threat to British power in that region, and was contained only with the rebels' defeat in Gwalior on 20 June 1858. On 1 November 1858, the British granted amnesty to all rebels not involved in murder, though they did not declare the hostilities formally to have ended until 8 July 1859.", "title": "Indian Rebellion of 1857" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fort Ruhya was a fort in Oude, India. It was the site of conflict during the Indian rebellion of 1857 where 4 soldiers of the British Army were awarded Victoria Crosses. Today, there is a cemetery where one of the recipients, Edward Spence, is interred.", "title": "Fort Ruhya" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the company rule was brought to an end, and the British India along with princely states came under the direct rule of the Crown. The Government of India Act 1858 created the office of Secretary of State for India in 1858 to oversee the affairs of India, which was advised by a new Council of India with 15 members (based in London). The existing Council of Four was formally renamed as the Council of Governor General of India or Executive Council of India. The Council of India was later abolished by Government of India Act 1935.", "title": "List of governors-general of India" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Maratha states, following the Anglo-Maratha wars, eventually lost to the British East India Company in 1818 with the Third Anglo-Maratha War. The rule lasted until 1858, when, after the Indian rebellion of 1857 and consequent of the Government of India Act 1858, the British government assumed the task of directly administering India in the new British Raj. In 1819 Stamford Raffles established Singapore as a key trading post for Britain in their rivalry with the Dutch. However, their rivalry cooled in 1824 when an Anglo-Dutch treaty demarcated their respective interests in Southeast Asia. From the 1850s onwards, the pace of colonization shifted to a significantly higher gear.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Britain's imperialist ambitions can be seen as early as the sixteenth century. In 1599 the British East India Company was established and was chartered by Queen Elizabeth in the following year. With the establishment of trading posts in India, the British were able to maintain strength relative to others empires such as the Portuguese who already had set up trading posts in India. In 1767 political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy.", "title": "Imperialism" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the outbreak of the mutiny in Meerut, the rebels very quickly reached Delhi and declared its 81 - year - old Mughal ruler, Bahadur Shah Zafar, as Emperor of Hindustan. Soon, they also captured large tracts of the North - Western Provinces and Awadh (Oudh). The East India Company's response came rapidly as well. With help from reinforcements, Kanpur was retaken by mid-July 1857 and Delhi by the end of September. Even so, it then took the remainder of 1857 and the better part of 1858 for the rebellion to be suppressed in Jhansi, Lucknow, and especially the Awadh countryside. Other regions of Company - controlled India -- the Bengal Presidency, the Bombay Presidency and the Madras Presidency -- remained largely calm. In the Punjab, the Sikhs crucially helped the British by providing both soldiers and support. The large princely states (Hyderabad, Mysore, Travancore, and Kashmir), as well as the smaller ones of Rajputana, did not join the rebellion, serving the British, in the words of Governor - General Lord Canning, as ``breakwaters in a storm. ''", "title": "Indian Rebellion of 1857" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By 1803, at the height of its rule in India, the British East India company had a private army of about 260,000 -- twice the size of the British Army, with Indian revenues of £13,464,561, and expenses of £14,017,473. The company eventually came to rule large areas of India with its private armies, exercising military power and assuming administrative functions. Company rule in India effectively began in 1757 and lasted until 1858, when, following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led to the British Crown's assuming direct control of the Indian subcontinent in the form of the new British Raj.", "title": "East India Company" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Almost from the moment the first sepoys mutinied in Meerut, the nature and the scope of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 has been contested and argued over. Speaking in the House of Commons in July 1857, Benjamin Disraeli labelled it a 'national revolt' while Lord Palmerston, the Prime Minister, tried to downplay the scope and the significance of the event as a 'mere military mutiny'. Reflecting this debate, an early historian of the rebellion, Charles Ball, used the word mutiny in his title, but labelled it a 'struggle for liberty and independence as a people' in the text. Historians remain divided on whether the rebellion can properly be considered a war of Indian independence or not, although it is popularly considered to be one in India. Arguments against include:", "title": "Indian Rebellion of 1857" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Stephen Raikes Hodson (19 March 1821 – 11 March 1858) was a British leader of irregular light cavalry during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, commonly referred to as the Indian Mutiny or the Sepoy Mutiny. He was known as \"Hodson of Hodson's Horse\".", "title": "William Stephen Raikes Hodson" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.", "title": "Queen Victoria" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maharaja Ranjit Singh's death in the summer of 1839 brought political chaos and the subsequent battles of succession and the bloody infighting between the factions at court weakened the state. Relationships with neighbouring British territories then broke down, starting the First Anglo-Sikh War; this led to a British official being resident in Lahore and the annexation in 1849 of territory south of the Satluj to British India. After the Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1849, the Sikh Empire became the last territory to be merged into British India. In Jhelum 35 British soldiers of HM XXIV regiment were killed by the local resistance during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.[citation needed]", "title": "Punjab, Pakistan" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the outbreak of the mutiny in Meerut, the rebels very quickly reached Delhi, whose 81 - year - old Mughal ruler, Bahadur Shah Zafar, they declared the Emperor of Hindustan. Soon, the rebels had also captured large tracts of the North - Western Provinces and Awadh (Oudh). The East India Company's response came rapidly as well. With help from reinforcements, Kanpur was retaken by mid-July 1857, and Delhi by the end of September. However, it then took the remainder of 1857 and the better part of 1858 for the rebellion to be suppressed in Jhansi, Lucknow, and especially the Awadh countryside. Other regions of Company controlled India -- Bengal province, the Bombay Presidency, and the Madras Presidency -- remained largely calm. In the Punjab, the Sikh princes crucially helped the British by providing both soldiers and support. The large princely states, Hyderabad, Mysore, Travancore, and Kashmir, as well as the smaller ones of Rajputana, did not join the rebellion, serving the British, in the Governor - General Lord Canning's words, as ``breakwaters in a storm. ''", "title": "Indian Rebellion of 1857" } ]	When was the ruler that was dissolved after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 established?	1599	[]	Title: Bahadur Shah Zafar Passage: Mirza Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar (24 October 1775 -- 7 November 1862) was the last Mughal emperor. He was the second son of Akbar ll of and became the successor to his father, Akbar II, upon his death on 28 September 1837. He was a nominal Emperor, as the Mughal Empire existed in name only and his authority was limited only to the city of Delhi (Shahjahanabad). Following his involvement in the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British exiled him to Rangoon in British - controlled Burma, after convicting him on conspiracy charges. Title: Article 370 of the Constitution of India Passage: Article 370 of the Indian constitution is an article that gives autonomous status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The article is drafted in Part XXI of the Constitution: Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions. The Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir, after its establishment, was empowered to recommend the articles of the Indian constitution that should be applied to the state or to abrogate the Article 370 altogether. After the J&K Constituent Assembly later created the state's constitution and dissolved itself without recommending the abrogation of Article 370, the article was deemed to have become a permanent feature of the Indian Constitution. Title: Indian Rebellion of 1857 Passage: After the outbreak of the mutiny in Meerut, the rebels very quickly reached Delhi and declared its 81 - year - old Mughal ruler, Bahadur Shah Zafar, as Emperor of Hindustan. Soon, they also captured large tracts of the North - Western Provinces and Awadh (Oudh). The East India Company's response came rapidly as well. With help from reinforcements, Kanpur was retaken by mid-July 1857 and Delhi by the end of September. Even so, it then took the remainder of 1857 and the better part of 1858 for the rebellion to be suppressed in Jhansi, Lucknow, and especially the Awadh countryside. Other regions of Company - controlled India -- the Bengal Presidency, the Bombay Presidency and the Madras Presidency -- remained largely calm. In the Punjab, the Sikhs crucially helped the British by providing both soldiers and support. The large princely states (Hyderabad, Mysore, Travancore, and Kashmir), as well as the smaller ones of Rajputana, did not join the rebellion, serving the British, in the words of Governor - General Lord Canning, as ``breakwaters in a storm. '' Title: History of India Passage: The empire went into decline thereafter. The Mughals suffered several blows due to invasions from Marathas and Afghans. During the decline of the Mughal Empire, several smaller states rose to fill the power vacuum and themselves were contributing factors to the decline. In 1737, the Maratha general Bajirao of the Maratha Empire invaded and plundered Delhi. Under the general Amir Khan Umrao Al Udat, the Mughal Emperor sent 8,000 troops to drive away the 5,000 Maratha cavalry soldiers. Baji Rao, however, easily routed the novice Mughal general and the rest of the imperial Mughal army fled. In 1737, in the final defeat of Mughal Empire, the commander-in-chief of the Mughal Army, Nizam-ul-mulk, was routed at Bhopal by the Maratha army. This essentially brought an end to the Mughal Empire. In 1739, Nader Shah, emperor of Iran, defeated the Mughal army at the Battle of Karnal. After this victory, Nader captured and sacked Delhi, carrying away many treasures, including the Peacock Throne. The Mughal dynasty was reduced to puppet rulers by 1757. The remnants of the Mughal dynasty were finally defeated during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also called the 1857 War of Independence, and the remains of the empire were formally taken over by the British while the Government of India Act 1858 let the British Crown assume direct control of India in the form of the new British Raj. Title: Jamsetji Tata Passage: Jamsetji Tata joined his father in Mumbai at the age of 14 and enrolled at the Elphinstone College completing his education as a 'Green Scholar' (an equivalent of a graduate). He was married to Hirabai Daboo while he was still a student. He graduated from college in 1858 and joined his father's trading firm. It was a turbulent time to start a business as the Indian Rebellion of 1857 had just been suppressed by the British government. Title: Punjab, Pakistan Passage: Maharaja Ranjit Singh's death in the summer of 1839 brought political chaos and the subsequent battles of succession and the bloody infighting between the factions at court weakened the state. Relationships with neighbouring British territories then broke down, starting the First Anglo-Sikh War; this led to a British official being resident in Lahore and the annexation in 1849 of territory south of the Satluj to British India. After the Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1849, the Sikh Empire became the last territory to be merged into British India. In Jhelum 35 British soldiers of HM XXIV regiment were killed by the local resistance during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.[citation needed] Title: British Raj Passage: This system of governance was instituted on 28 June 1858, when, after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the British East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria (who, in 1876, was proclaimed Empress of India). It lasted until 1947, when Britain ′ s Indian Empire was partitioned into two sovereign dominion states: the Dominion of India (later the Republic of India) and the Dominion of Pakistan (later the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the eastern part of which, still later, became the People's Republic of Bangladesh). At the inception of the Raj in 1858, Lower Burma was already a part of British India; Upper Burma was added in 1886, and the resulting union, Burma, was administered as an autonomous province until 1937, when it became a separate British colony, gaining its own independence in 1948. Title: Imperialism Passage: Britain's imperialist ambitions can be seen as early as the sixteenth century. In 1599 the British East India Company was established and was chartered by Queen Elizabeth in the following year. With the establishment of trading posts in India, the British were able to maintain strength relative to others empires such as the Portuguese who already had set up trading posts in India. In 1767 political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy. Title: History of India Passage: The Shunga Empire or Shunga Empire was an ancient Indian dynasty from Magadha that controlled vast areas of the Indian subcontinent from around 187 to 78 BCE. The dynasty was established by Pushyamitra Shunga, after the fall of the Maurya Empire. Its capital was Pataliputra, but later emperors such as Bhagabhadra also held court at Besnagar, modern Vidisha in Eastern Malwa. Pushyamitra Shunga ruled for 36 years and was succeeded by his son Agnimitra. There were ten Shunga rulers. The empire is noted for its numerous wars with both foreign and indigenous powers. They fought battles with the Kalingas, Satavahanas, the Indo-Greeks, and possibly the Panchalas and Mathuras. Art, education, philosophy, and other forms of learning flowered during this period including small terracotta images, larger stone sculptures, and architectural monuments such as the Stupa at Bharhut, and the renowned Great Stupa at Sanchi. The Shunga rulers helped to establish the tradition of royal sponsorship of learning and art. The script used by the empire was a variant of Brahmi and was used to write the Sanskrit language. The Shunga Empire played an imperative role in patronizing Indian culture at a time when some of the most important developments in Hindu thought were taking place. Title: Henry Havelock Passage: Major General Sir Henry Havelock KCB (5 April 1795 – 24 November 1857) was a British general who is particularly associated with India and his recapture of Cawnpore during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (First War of Independence, Sepoy Mutiny). Title: William Stephen Raikes Hodson Passage: William Stephen Raikes Hodson (19 March 1821 – 11 March 1858) was a British leader of irregular light cavalry during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, commonly referred to as the Indian Mutiny or the Sepoy Mutiny. He was known as "Hodson of Hodson's Horse". Title: Indian Rebellion of 1857 Passage: Almost from the moment the first sepoys mutinied in Meerut, the nature and the scope of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 has been contested and argued over. Speaking in the House of Commons in July 1857, Benjamin Disraeli labelled it a 'national revolt' while Lord Palmerston, the Prime Minister, tried to downplay the scope and the significance of the event as a 'mere military mutiny'. Reflecting this debate, an early historian of the rebellion, Charles Ball, used the word mutiny in his title, but labelled it a 'struggle for liberty and independence as a people' in the text. Historians remain divided on whether the rebellion can properly be considered a war of Indian independence or not, although it is popularly considered to be one in India. Arguments against include: Title: Indian Rebellion of 1857 Passage: After the outbreak of the mutiny in Meerut, the rebels very quickly reached Delhi, whose 81 - year - old Mughal ruler, Bahadur Shah Zafar, they declared the Emperor of Hindustan. Soon, the rebels had also captured large tracts of the North - Western Provinces and Awadh (Oudh). The East India Company's response came rapidly as well. With help from reinforcements, Kanpur was retaken by mid-July 1857, and Delhi by the end of September. However, it then took the remainder of 1857 and the better part of 1858 for the rebellion to be suppressed in Jhansi, Lucknow, and especially the Awadh countryside. Other regions of Company controlled India -- Bengal province, the Bombay Presidency, and the Madras Presidency -- remained largely calm. In the Punjab, the Sikh princes crucially helped the British by providing both soldiers and support. The large princely states, Hyderabad, Mysore, Travancore, and Kashmir, as well as the smaller ones of Rajputana, did not join the rebellion, serving the British, in the Governor - General Lord Canning's words, as ``breakwaters in a storm. '' Title: East India Company Passage: By 1803, at the height of its rule in India, the British East India company had a private army of about 260,000 -- twice the size of the British Army, with Indian revenues of £13,464,561, and expenses of £14,017,473. The company eventually came to rule large areas of India with its private armies, exercising military power and assuming administrative functions. Company rule in India effectively began in 1757 and lasted until 1858, when, following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led to the British Crown's assuming direct control of the Indian subcontinent in the form of the new British Raj. Title: Queen Victoria Passage: After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of "her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state "should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration". At her behest, a reference threatening the "undermining of native religions and customs" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom. Title: Indian Rebellion of 1857 Passage: The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the form of a mutiny of sepoys of the Company's army in the garrison town of Meerut, 40 miles northeast of Delhi (now Old Delhi). It then erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions, chiefly in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, though incidents of revolt also occurred farther north and east. The rebellion posed a considerable threat to British power in that region, and was contained only with the rebels' defeat in Gwalior on 20 June 1858. On 1 November 1858, the British granted amnesty to all rebels not involved in murder, though they did not declare the hostilities formally to have ended until 8 July 1859. Title: Fort Ruhya Passage: Fort Ruhya was a fort in Oude, India. It was the site of conflict during the Indian rebellion of 1857 where 4 soldiers of the British Army were awarded Victoria Crosses. Today, there is a cemetery where one of the recipients, Edward Spence, is interred. Title: List of governors-general of India Passage: After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the company rule was brought to an end, and the British India along with princely states came under the direct rule of the Crown. The Government of India Act 1858 created the office of Secretary of State for India in 1858 to oversee the affairs of India, which was advised by a new Council of India with 15 members (based in London). The existing Council of Four was formally renamed as the Council of Governor General of India or Executive Council of India. The Council of India was later abolished by Government of India Act 1935. Title: Arthur William Garnett Passage: Arthur William Garnett (1829–1861) was an English military and civil engineer in India from the time of the Second Anglo-Sikh War until just after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Title: Modern history Passage: The Maratha states, following the Anglo-Maratha wars, eventually lost to the British East India Company in 1818 with the Third Anglo-Maratha War. The rule lasted until 1858, when, after the Indian rebellion of 1857 and consequent of the Government of India Act 1858, the British government assumed the task of directly administering India in the new British Raj. In 1819 Stamford Raffles established Singapore as a key trading post for Britain in their rivalry with the Dutch. However, their rivalry cooled in 1824 when an Anglo-Dutch treaty demarcated their respective interests in Southeast Asia. From the 1850s onwards, the pace of colonization shifted to a significantly higher gear.	[ "Imperialism", "Queen Victoria" ]
2hop__123104_77615	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Paolo Manalo is a Filipino poet who teaches at the College of Arts and Letters, University of the Philippines. For a time he served as the literary editor of the Philippines Free Press.", "title": "Paolo Manalo" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lorenzo Baraldi studied at the faculty of set design of the \"Istituto d'Arte Paolo Toschi\" in Parma, Italy, and attended the set decoration classes of the Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera in Milan. He taught set decoration at the Accademia di Belle Arti in Viterbo from 1993 to 1995, at the \"Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia\" from 1994 to 1995, at the \"Accademia di Costume e Moda\" in Rome from 1995 to 1998, at the \"Associazione Scenografi Costumisti e Arredatori\" from 1998 to 1999, at the \"Istituto Europeo di Design\" (I.E.D.) during the academic year 2005–2006, and in the Campus for arts student of the \"Sannio Film Festival\" in the years 2008 and 2009. He made a series of lectures on scenography and scenotechnics at the \"Istituto d'Arte Paolo Toschi\" in Parma in winter 1996 and in 2000–2001.", "title": "Lorenzo Baraldi" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Worksop, England, the son of Polish émigrés, he and his family immigrated to Montreal in 1954. He attended Loyola High School and received a B.A. from McGill University in 1968. In 1964, he started as a reporter for the \"Montreal Gazette\". He moved to the \"McGill Daily\" in 1968 and to the \"Toronto Star\" in 1969.", "title": "Mark Starowicz" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boğaziçi University (also known as Bosphorus University, , \"Boğaziçi\" literally meaning Bosphorus in Turkish) is a major research university located on the European side of the Bosphorus strait in Istanbul, Turkey. It has four faculties and two schools offering undergraduate degrees, and six institutes offering graduate degrees. The language of instruction is English.", "title": "Boğaziçi University" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He worked in street construction for a short amount of time, but was unable to cope with the heavy labour. Continuing to attend university as a guest student, he started an apprenticeship as cabinetmaker, which he completed as a journeyman. He was dreaming at that time of starting a daycare facility for children, for which he assumed the ability to make furniture might be useful. After that he did voluntary service in one of psychoanalyst Alfred Adler's clinics for children. In 1922, he did his matura by way of a second chance education and finally joined the University as an ordinary student. He completed his examination as an elementary teacher in 1924 and started working at an after-school care club for socially endangered children. In 1925, he went to the newly founded Pädagogisches Institut and continued studying philosophy and psychology. Around that time he started courting Josefine Anna Henninger, who later became his wife.", "title": "Karl Popper" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The University of Kalemie (UNIKOL) is a public university in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, located in the province of Katanga, city of Kolwezi. At its creation, it was an \"Extension of the University of Lubumbashi\", then called \"University Centre of Kolwezi (C.U.K.)\". Instruction is in French.", "title": "University of Kolwezi" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edward Austin Warren Jr. was born in Waltham, Massachusetts on July 4, 1899 as the elder of two sons by Edward Austin Warren, city alderman of Waltham and expert butcher, and Nellie Myra Anderson Warren. He attended public grammar school in Ashburnham, Massachusetts and briefly attended Waltham High School, where he received instruction in Latin and studied Esperanto independently. At the age of thirteen, Warren and his family relocated to a lonely farm in Stow, Massachusetts. He attended Hale High School and received additional training in Latin; he would later consider this instruction responsible for his classical major at college.", "title": "Austin Warren" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "ROTC in the Philippines began in 1912 when the Philippine Constabulary commenced with military instruction at the University of the Philippines. The university's Board of Regents then made representations to the United States Department of War through the Governor - General and received the services of a United States Army officer who took on the duties of a professor of Military Science. Through this arrangement, the first official ROTC unit in the Philippines was established in the University of the Philippines on 3 July 1922.", "title": "Reserve Officers' Training Corps (Philippines)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fabio Mignanelli was born in Siena ca. 1486, the son of Pietro Paolo Mignanelli and Onorata Saraceni. He attended the University of Siena, becoming a doctor of both laws. He then became a professor of law at the University of Siena.", "title": "Fabio Mignanelli" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Florence, Italy, Paolo Del Bianco graduated at the University of Florence in 1972 with a degree in architecture. In the period 1972–1975 he was assistant professor at the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Florence. He then focused on building construction for the hotel industry. He designed and built hotels and a conference center in Florence, later overseeing their management.", "title": "Paolo Del Bianco" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Montreal, the son of John Smythe Hall, a lumber merchant, and Emma Brigham, he attended Bishop's College School in Lennoxville, Quebec and received a Bachelor of Law degree from McGill University in 1875. He was called to the Quebec Bar in 1876 and then started a law career which would see him become a principal partner of the law firm Hall, Cross, Brown, and Sharp.", "title": "John Smythe Hall" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He attended Everest Military Academy in Hamden, Connecticut; and graduated from Harvard College in 1872; attended the law school in the University of Berlin; and graduated from the Columbia Law School in 1876. He was admitted to the bar that same year.", "title": "Perry Belmont" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tiberius Coruncanius (died 241 BC) was a consul of the Roman Republic in 280 BC. As a military commander in that year and the following, he was known for the battles against Pyrrhus of Epirus that led to the expression \"Pyrrhic victory\". He was the first plebeian Pontifex Maximus, and possibly the first teacher of Roman law to offer public instruction.", "title": "Tiberius Coruncanius" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dmowska started fencing when she was ten years old. At first, she fought with foil but at the age of twelve she started training with épée. From 1997 to 2001, Danuta Dmowska attended the XLV Lyceum in Warsaw, Poland.", "title": "Danuta Dmowska" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1968, Schwarzenegger and fellow bodybuilder Franco Columbu started a bricklaying business. The business flourished thanks to the pair's marketing savvy and an increased demand following the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. Schwarzenegger and Columbu used profits from their bricklaying venture to start a mail order business, selling bodybuilding and fitness-related equipment and instructional tapes.", "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1989, HP determined that Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) architectures were approaching a processing limit at one instruction per cycle. HP researchers investigated a new architecture, later named Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing (EPIC), that allows the processor to execute multiple instructions in each clock cycle. EPIC implements a form of very long instruction word (VLIW) architecture, in which a single instruction word contains multiple instructions. With EPIC, the compiler determines in advance which instructions can be executed at the same time, so the microprocessor simply executes the instructions and does not need elaborate mechanisms to determine which instructions to execute in parallel.", "title": "Itanium" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Helmholz was born in Evanston, Illinois on May 24, 1915. He attended the Shattuck School military academy in Faribault, Minnesota, following which he went to Harvard University for his undergraduate education. In 1936, Helmholz won a fellowship to study at the Cambridge University for one year. On the advice of his family neighbour and future Nobel laureate Luis Alvarez, Helmolz moved to the University of California, Berkeley for his graduate education.", "title": "A. Carl Helmholz" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Keller Plan, also called the Personalized System of Instruction (PSI), was developed by Fred S. Keller with J. Gilmour Sherman, Carolina Bori, and Rodolpho Azzi in the middle 1960s as an innovative method of instruction for the then-new University of Brasília. PSI was conceived of as an application of Skinner's theories of learning, grounded in operant conditioning strategies of behaviorism.", "title": "Keller Plan" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Morgan attended Trinity School, Riverview Military Academy and graduated from Columbia University with a law degree. However, after almost two years' practicing, he abandoned the world of jurisprudence for the vocation of journeyman actor, having already appeared in Columbia's annual Varsity Show. In 1905, billed as Raphael Kuhner Wupperman, he appeared in \"The Khan of Kathan\", that year's variety show.", "title": "Ralph Morgan" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Helmut Schmidt University (), located in Hamburg, Germany, is a German military educational establishment that was founded in 1973 at the initiative of the then-Federal Minister of Defence, Helmut Schmidt. Originally known as the \"University of the Bundeswehr Hamburg\" (\"Universität der Bundeswehr\"), its complete official name today is \"Helmut-Schmidt-Universität/Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg\". Teaching first started in Autumn of 1973. It is one of two universities that were established by the Bundeswehr to train and educate its future and existing officers.", "title": "Helmut Schmidt University" } ]	When did the military instruction start in the university that Paulo Manalo attended?	1912	[]	Title: Karl Popper Passage: He worked in street construction for a short amount of time, but was unable to cope with the heavy labour. Continuing to attend university as a guest student, he started an apprenticeship as cabinetmaker, which he completed as a journeyman. He was dreaming at that time of starting a daycare facility for children, for which he assumed the ability to make furniture might be useful. After that he did voluntary service in one of psychoanalyst Alfred Adler's clinics for children. In 1922, he did his matura by way of a second chance education and finally joined the University as an ordinary student. He completed his examination as an elementary teacher in 1924 and started working at an after-school care club for socially endangered children. In 1925, he went to the newly founded Pädagogisches Institut and continued studying philosophy and psychology. Around that time he started courting Josefine Anna Henninger, who later became his wife. Title: University of Kolwezi Passage: The University of Kalemie (UNIKOL) is a public university in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, located in the province of Katanga, city of Kolwezi. At its creation, it was an "Extension of the University of Lubumbashi", then called "University Centre of Kolwezi (C.U.K.)". Instruction is in French. Title: Lorenzo Baraldi Passage: Lorenzo Baraldi studied at the faculty of set design of the "Istituto d'Arte Paolo Toschi" in Parma, Italy, and attended the set decoration classes of the Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera in Milan. He taught set decoration at the Accademia di Belle Arti in Viterbo from 1993 to 1995, at the "Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia" from 1994 to 1995, at the "Accademia di Costume e Moda" in Rome from 1995 to 1998, at the "Associazione Scenografi Costumisti e Arredatori" from 1998 to 1999, at the "Istituto Europeo di Design" (I.E.D.) during the academic year 2005–2006, and in the Campus for arts student of the "Sannio Film Festival" in the years 2008 and 2009. He made a series of lectures on scenography and scenotechnics at the "Istituto d'Arte Paolo Toschi" in Parma in winter 1996 and in 2000–2001. Title: Mark Starowicz Passage: Born in Worksop, England, the son of Polish émigrés, he and his family immigrated to Montreal in 1954. He attended Loyola High School and received a B.A. from McGill University in 1968. In 1964, he started as a reporter for the "Montreal Gazette". He moved to the "McGill Daily" in 1968 and to the "Toronto Star" in 1969. Title: Perry Belmont Passage: He attended Everest Military Academy in Hamden, Connecticut; and graduated from Harvard College in 1872; attended the law school in the University of Berlin; and graduated from the Columbia Law School in 1876. He was admitted to the bar that same year. Title: Paolo Del Bianco Passage: Born in Florence, Italy, Paolo Del Bianco graduated at the University of Florence in 1972 with a degree in architecture. In the period 1972–1975 he was assistant professor at the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Florence. He then focused on building construction for the hotel industry. He designed and built hotels and a conference center in Florence, later overseeing their management. Title: Boğaziçi University Passage: Boğaziçi University (also known as Bosphorus University, , "Boğaziçi" literally meaning Bosphorus in Turkish) is a major research university located on the European side of the Bosphorus strait in Istanbul, Turkey. It has four faculties and two schools offering undergraduate degrees, and six institutes offering graduate degrees. The language of instruction is English. Title: Keller Plan Passage: The Keller Plan, also called the Personalized System of Instruction (PSI), was developed by Fred S. Keller with J. Gilmour Sherman, Carolina Bori, and Rodolpho Azzi in the middle 1960s as an innovative method of instruction for the then-new University of Brasília. PSI was conceived of as an application of Skinner's theories of learning, grounded in operant conditioning strategies of behaviorism. Title: Tiberius Coruncanius Passage: Tiberius Coruncanius (died 241 BC) was a consul of the Roman Republic in 280 BC. As a military commander in that year and the following, he was known for the battles against Pyrrhus of Epirus that led to the expression "Pyrrhic victory". He was the first plebeian Pontifex Maximus, and possibly the first teacher of Roman law to offer public instruction. Title: Fabio Mignanelli Passage: Fabio Mignanelli was born in Siena ca. 1486, the son of Pietro Paolo Mignanelli and Onorata Saraceni. He attended the University of Siena, becoming a doctor of both laws. He then became a professor of law at the University of Siena. Title: Ralph Morgan Passage: Morgan attended Trinity School, Riverview Military Academy and graduated from Columbia University with a law degree. However, after almost two years' practicing, he abandoned the world of jurisprudence for the vocation of journeyman actor, having already appeared in Columbia's annual Varsity Show. In 1905, billed as Raphael Kuhner Wupperman, he appeared in "The Khan of Kathan", that year's variety show. Title: John Smythe Hall Passage: Born in Montreal, the son of John Smythe Hall, a lumber merchant, and Emma Brigham, he attended Bishop's College School in Lennoxville, Quebec and received a Bachelor of Law degree from McGill University in 1875. He was called to the Quebec Bar in 1876 and then started a law career which would see him become a principal partner of the law firm Hall, Cross, Brown, and Sharp. Title: Reserve Officers' Training Corps (Philippines) Passage: ROTC in the Philippines began in 1912 when the Philippine Constabulary commenced with military instruction at the University of the Philippines. The university's Board of Regents then made representations to the United States Department of War through the Governor - General and received the services of a United States Army officer who took on the duties of a professor of Military Science. Through this arrangement, the first official ROTC unit in the Philippines was established in the University of the Philippines on 3 July 1922. Title: Itanium Passage: In 1989, HP determined that Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) architectures were approaching a processing limit at one instruction per cycle. HP researchers investigated a new architecture, later named Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing (EPIC), that allows the processor to execute multiple instructions in each clock cycle. EPIC implements a form of very long instruction word (VLIW) architecture, in which a single instruction word contains multiple instructions. With EPIC, the compiler determines in advance which instructions can be executed at the same time, so the microprocessor simply executes the instructions and does not need elaborate mechanisms to determine which instructions to execute in parallel. Title: Austin Warren Passage: Edward Austin Warren Jr. was born in Waltham, Massachusetts on July 4, 1899 as the elder of two sons by Edward Austin Warren, city alderman of Waltham and expert butcher, and Nellie Myra Anderson Warren. He attended public grammar school in Ashburnham, Massachusetts and briefly attended Waltham High School, where he received instruction in Latin and studied Esperanto independently. At the age of thirteen, Warren and his family relocated to a lonely farm in Stow, Massachusetts. He attended Hale High School and received additional training in Latin; he would later consider this instruction responsible for his classical major at college. Title: Danuta Dmowska Passage: Dmowska started fencing when she was ten years old. At first, she fought with foil but at the age of twelve she started training with épée. From 1997 to 2001, Danuta Dmowska attended the XLV Lyceum in Warsaw, Poland. Title: Helmut Schmidt University Passage: The Helmut Schmidt University (), located in Hamburg, Germany, is a German military educational establishment that was founded in 1973 at the initiative of the then-Federal Minister of Defence, Helmut Schmidt. Originally known as the "University of the Bundeswehr Hamburg" ("Universität der Bundeswehr"), its complete official name today is "Helmut-Schmidt-Universität/Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg". Teaching first started in Autumn of 1973. It is one of two universities that were established by the Bundeswehr to train and educate its future and existing officers. Title: Paolo Manalo Passage: Paolo Manalo is a Filipino poet who teaches at the College of Arts and Letters, University of the Philippines. For a time he served as the literary editor of the Philippines Free Press. Title: A. Carl Helmholz Passage: Helmholz was born in Evanston, Illinois on May 24, 1915. He attended the Shattuck School military academy in Faribault, Minnesota, following which he went to Harvard University for his undergraduate education. In 1936, Helmholz won a fellowship to study at the Cambridge University for one year. On the advice of his family neighbour and future Nobel laureate Luis Alvarez, Helmolz moved to the University of California, Berkeley for his graduate education. Title: Arnold Schwarzenegger Passage: In 1968, Schwarzenegger and fellow bodybuilder Franco Columbu started a bricklaying business. The business flourished thanks to the pair's marketing savvy and an increased demand following the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. Schwarzenegger and Columbu used profits from their bricklaying venture to start a mail order business, selling bodybuilding and fitness-related equipment and instructional tapes.	[ "Paolo Manalo", "Reserve Officers' Training Corps (Philippines)" ]
2hop__73760_712629	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The German Castles Association () or DBV is dedicated to the conservation of historic defensive and residential buildings as witnesses of history and culture and has its headquarters at Marksburg Castle above Braubach on the Rhine. It owns the organisation known as the European Castles Institute (\"Europäisches Burgeninstitut\") or (EBI) whose library and archives are housed in Philippsburg Palace in Braubach.", "title": "German Castles Association" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dexter Coffin Bridge is a crossing for Interstate 91 over the Connecticut River north of Hartford, Connecticut, connecting the towns of Windsor Locks, Connecticut and East Windsor, Connecticut. It can be seen from the Windsor Locks Amtrak station.", "title": "Dexter Coffin Bridge" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greifensee Castle () is a castle in the municipality of Greifensee and the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. It was probably built by the House of Rapperswil and is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.", "title": "Greifensee Castle" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Czocha Castle (, , ) is a defensive castle in the village of Czocha (Gmina Lesna), Lubań County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in southwestern Poland. The castle is located on the Lake Leśnia, near the Kwisa river, in what is now the Polish part of Upper Lusatia. Czocha castle was built on gneiss rock, and its oldest part is the keep, to which housing structures were later added.", "title": "Czocha Castle" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The palace, like Windsor Castle, is owned by the Crown Estate. It is not the monarch's personal property, unlike Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle. Many of the contents from Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle, Kensington Palace, and St James's Palace are part of the Royal Collection, held in trust by the Sovereign; they can, on occasion, be viewed by the public at the Queen's Gallery, near the Royal Mews. Unlike the palace and the castle, the purpose-built gallery is open continually and displays a changing selection of items from the collection. It occupies the site of the chapel destroyed by an air raid in World War II. The palace's state rooms have been open to the public during August and September and on selected dates throughout the year since 1993. The money raised in entry fees was originally put towards the rebuilding of Windsor Castle after the 1992 fire devastated many of its state rooms. 476,000 people visited the palace in the 2014–15 financial year.", "title": "Buckingham Palace" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gowran Castle is located in the centre of Gowran, County Kilkenny, Ireland. The castle is a manor house and was fully restored between 2013 and 2014.", "title": "Gowran Castle" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Margareta Eriksdotter Vasa (1497 – 31 December 1536), also called \"Margareta Vasa\" and \"Margareta of Hoya\", was a Swedish noblewoman, sister of king Gustav I of Sweden. Between 1525 and 1534, she commanded Vyborg Castle on several occasions during the absence of her spouse.", "title": "Margareta Eriksdotter Vasa" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth was worn by the future Queen Elizabeth II at her wedding to Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November 1947 in Westminster Abbey. Given the rationing of clothing at the time, she still had to purchase the material using ration coupons. The dress was designed by Norman Hartnell. Hartnell's signature was said to be embroidery, and he enjoyed \"working with soft, floating fabrics, particularly tulle and chiffon, and with plain, lustrous silks\". The dress was made of soft Damascus Prokar, with a high neckline, tailored bodice and a short train.", "title": "Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In September 1939, Britain entered the Second World War, which lasted until 1945. During the war, many of London's children were evacuated to avoid the frequent aerial bombing. The suggestion by senior politician Lord Hailsham that the two princesses should be evacuated to Canada was rejected by Elizabeth's mother, who declared, \"The children won't go without me. I won't leave without the King. And the King will never leave.\" Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret stayed at Balmoral Castle, Scotland, until Christmas 1939, when they moved to Sandringham House, Norfolk. From February to May 1940, they lived at Royal Lodge, Windsor, until moving to Windsor Castle, where they lived for most of the next five years. At Windsor, the princesses staged pantomimes at Christmas in aid of the Queen's Wool Fund, which bought yarn to knit into military garments. In 1940, the 14-year-old Elizabeth made her first radio broadcast during the BBC's Children's Hour, addressing other children who had been evacuated from the cities. She stated: \"We are trying to do all we can to help our gallant sailors, soldiers and airmen, and we are trying, too, to bear our share of the danger and sadness of war. We know, every one of us, that in the end all will be well.\"", "title": "Elizabeth II" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Villa Foscari is a patrician villa in Mira, near Venice, northern Italy, designed by the Italian architect Andrea Palladio. It is also known as \"La Malcontenta\", a nickname which it received when the spouse of one of the Foscaris was locked up in the house because she allegedly didn't live up to her conjugal duty.", "title": "Villa Foscari" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New Windsor Historic District is a national historic district at New Windsor, Carroll County, Maryland, United States. The district contains a wide variety of domestic, commercial, public, educational, and religious resources reflecting the development of the town from its founding in 1796 up to the World War II era. Most common homes are 2- or -story center-entrance or center-passage plan dwellings, of both three and five bays, and three-bay side-passage plan houses.", "title": "New Windsor Historic District" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Windsor Castle survived the tumultuous period of the English Civil War, when it was used as a military headquarters by Parliamentary forces and a prison for Charles I. At the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II rebuilt much of Windsor Castle with the help of the architect Hugh May, creating a set of extravagant Baroque interiors that are still admired. After a period of neglect during the 18th century, George III and George IV renovated and rebuilt Charles II's palace at colossal expense, producing the current design of the State Apartments, full of Rococo, Gothic and Baroque furnishings. Queen Victoria made a few minor changes to the castle, which became the centre for royal entertainment for much of her reign. Windsor Castle was used as a refuge by the royal family during the Luftwaffe bombing campaigns of the Second World War and survived a fire in 1992. It is a popular tourist attraction, a venue for hosting state visits, and the preferred weekend home of Elizabeth II.", "title": "Windsor Castle" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Victoria's self-imposed isolation from the public diminished the popularity of the monarchy, and encouraged the growth of the republican movement. She did undertake her official government duties, yet chose to remain secluded in her royal residences—Windsor Castle, Osborne House, and the private estate in Scotland that she and Albert had acquired in 1847, Balmoral Castle. In March 1864, a protester stuck a notice on the railings of Buckingham Palace that announced \"these commanding premises to be let or sold in consequence of the late occupant's declining business\". Her uncle Leopold wrote to her advising her to appear in public. She agreed to visit the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Kensington and take a drive through London in an open carriage.", "title": "Queen Victoria" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Windsor Castle is a novel by William Harrison Ainsworth serially published in 1842. It is a historical romance with gothic elements that depicts Henry VIII's pursuit of Anne Boleyn. Intertwined with the story are the actions of Herne the Hunter, a legendary ghost that haunts Windsor woods.", "title": "Windsor Castle (novel)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Originally designed to protect Norman dominance around the outskirts of London and oversee a strategically important part of the River Thames, Windsor Castle was built as a motte-and-bailey, with three wards surrounding a central mound. Gradually replaced with stone fortifications, the castle withstood a prolonged siege during the First Barons' War at the start of the 13th century. Henry III built a luxurious royal palace within the castle during the middle of the century, and Edward III went further, rebuilding the palace to make an even grander set of buildings in what would become \"the most expensive secular building project of the entire Middle Ages in England\". Edward's core design lasted through the Tudor period, during which Henry VIII and Elizabeth I made increasing use of the castle as a royal court and centre for diplomatic entertainment.", "title": "Windsor Castle" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edward VII came to the throne in 1901 and immediately set about modernising Windsor Castle with \"enthusiasm and zest\". Many of the rooms in the Upper Ward were de-cluttered and redecorated for the first time in many years, with Edward \"peering into cabinets; ransacking drawers; clearing rooms formerly used by the Prince Consort and not touched since his death; dispatching case-loads of relics and ornaments to a special room in the Round Tower ... destroying statues and busts of John Brown ... throwing out hundreds of 'rubbishy old coloured photographs' ... [and] rearranging pictures\". Electric lighting was added to more rooms, along with central heating; telephone lines were installed, along with garages for the newly invented automobiles. The marathon was run from Windsor Castle at the 1908 Olympics, and in 1911 the pioneering aviator Thomas Sopwith landed an aircraft at the castle for the first time.", "title": "Windsor Castle" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oliver Castle was a medieval tower house, located in the upper Tweed Valley in the Scottish Borders. The site of the hillfort known as Oliver Castle is to the north of the village of Tweedsmuir, although the site of the tower house is less certain. Mentioned in a document of c.1200, it was originally part of the line of peel towers along the Tweed Valley. It was replaced in the seventeenth century by a house, which was itself replaced in the late 18th century by the present Oliver House. For most of its existence the property has been owned by members of the Tweedie family.", "title": "Oliver Castle" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William IV Portrait by Sir Martin Archer Shee, 1833 King of the United Kingdom (more...) Reign 26 June 1830 -- 20 June 1837 Coronation 8 September 1831 Predecessor George IV Successor Victoria Prime Ministers See list (show) Duke of Wellington Earl Grey Viscount Melbourne Robert Peel King of Hanover Reign 26 June 1830 -- 20 June 1837 Predecessor George IV Successor Ernest Augustus (1765 - 08 - 21) 21 August 1765 Buckingham House, London 20 June 1837 (1837 - 06 - 20) (aged 71) Windsor Castle, Berkshire Burial 8 July 1837 St George's Chapel, Windsor Spouse Adelaide of Saxe - Meiningen Issue more... Legitimate: Princess Charlotte of Clarence Princess Elizabeth of Clarence Illegitimate: George FitzClarence, Earl of Munster Henry FitzClarence Sophia Sidney, Baroness De L'Isle and Dudley Lady Mary Fox Lord Frederick FitzClarence Elizabeth Hay, Countess of Erroll Lord Adolphus FitzClarence Lady Augusta Gordon Lord Augustus FitzClarence Amelia Cary, Viscountess Falkland Full name William Henry House Hanover Father George III of the United Kingdom Mother Charlotte of Mecklenburg - Strelitz Religion Anglican Occupation Military (Naval) Signature Military career Allegiance United Kingdom Service / branch Royal Navy (active service) Years of service 1779 -- 1790 (active service) Rank Rear - Admiral (active service) Commands held HMS Andromeda HMS Pegasus Battles / wars Battle of Cape St Vincent", "title": "William IV" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George VI Formal photo portrait, circa 1940 -- 1946 King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions (more...) Reign 11 December 1936 -- 6 February 1952 Coronation 12 May 1937 Predecessor Edward VIII Successor Elizabeth II Prime Ministers See list Emperor of India Reign 11 December 1936 -- 15 August 1947 Predecessor Edward VIII (1895 - 12 - 14) 14 December 1895 York Cottage, Sandringham House, Norfolk, United Kingdom 6 February 1952 (1952 - 02 - 06) (aged 56) Sandringham House, Norfolk, United Kingdom Burial 15 February 1952 St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle Spouse Elizabeth Bowes - Lyon (m. 1923) Issue Detail Elizabeth II Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon Full name Albert Frederick Arthur George House Windsor (from 1917) Saxe - Coburg and Gotha (until 1917) Father George V Mother Mary of Teck Signature Military career Allegiance United Kingdom Service / branch Royal Navy Royal Air Force Years of service 1909 -- 1919 (active service) Battles / wars Battle of Jutland Awards Mentioned in dispatches", "title": "George VI" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Old Windsor is a large village and civil parish, in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, in Berkshire, England. It is bound by the River Thames to the east and Windsor Great Park to the west.", "title": "Old Windsor" } ]	Who is the spouse of the individual who lives in the houses in Windsor Castle?	Philip Mountbatten	[]	Title: George VI Passage: George VI Formal photo portrait, circa 1940 -- 1946 King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions (more...) Reign 11 December 1936 -- 6 February 1952 Coronation 12 May 1937 Predecessor Edward VIII Successor Elizabeth II Prime Ministers See list Emperor of India Reign 11 December 1936 -- 15 August 1947 Predecessor Edward VIII (1895 - 12 - 14) 14 December 1895 York Cottage, Sandringham House, Norfolk, United Kingdom 6 February 1952 (1952 - 02 - 06) (aged 56) Sandringham House, Norfolk, United Kingdom Burial 15 February 1952 St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle Spouse Elizabeth Bowes - Lyon (m. 1923) Issue Detail Elizabeth II Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon Full name Albert Frederick Arthur George House Windsor (from 1917) Saxe - Coburg and Gotha (until 1917) Father George V Mother Mary of Teck Signature Military career Allegiance United Kingdom Service / branch Royal Navy Royal Air Force Years of service 1909 -- 1919 (active service) Battles / wars Battle of Jutland Awards Mentioned in dispatches Title: Dexter Coffin Bridge Passage: The Dexter Coffin Bridge is a crossing for Interstate 91 over the Connecticut River north of Hartford, Connecticut, connecting the towns of Windsor Locks, Connecticut and East Windsor, Connecticut. It can be seen from the Windsor Locks Amtrak station. Title: Gowran Castle Passage: Gowran Castle is located in the centre of Gowran, County Kilkenny, Ireland. The castle is a manor house and was fully restored between 2013 and 2014. Title: Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth Passage: The wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth was worn by the future Queen Elizabeth II at her wedding to Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November 1947 in Westminster Abbey. Given the rationing of clothing at the time, she still had to purchase the material using ration coupons. The dress was designed by Norman Hartnell. Hartnell's signature was said to be embroidery, and he enjoyed "working with soft, floating fabrics, particularly tulle and chiffon, and with plain, lustrous silks". The dress was made of soft Damascus Prokar, with a high neckline, tailored bodice and a short train. Title: Greifensee Castle Passage: Greifensee Castle () is a castle in the municipality of Greifensee and the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. It was probably built by the House of Rapperswil and is a Swiss heritage site of national significance. Title: Elizabeth II Passage: In September 1939, Britain entered the Second World War, which lasted until 1945. During the war, many of London's children were evacuated to avoid the frequent aerial bombing. The suggestion by senior politician Lord Hailsham that the two princesses should be evacuated to Canada was rejected by Elizabeth's mother, who declared, "The children won't go without me. I won't leave without the King. And the King will never leave." Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret stayed at Balmoral Castle, Scotland, until Christmas 1939, when they moved to Sandringham House, Norfolk. From February to May 1940, they lived at Royal Lodge, Windsor, until moving to Windsor Castle, where they lived for most of the next five years. At Windsor, the princesses staged pantomimes at Christmas in aid of the Queen's Wool Fund, which bought yarn to knit into military garments. In 1940, the 14-year-old Elizabeth made her first radio broadcast during the BBC's Children's Hour, addressing other children who had been evacuated from the cities. She stated: "We are trying to do all we can to help our gallant sailors, soldiers and airmen, and we are trying, too, to bear our share of the danger and sadness of war. We know, every one of us, that in the end all will be well." Title: Windsor Castle Passage: Originally designed to protect Norman dominance around the outskirts of London and oversee a strategically important part of the River Thames, Windsor Castle was built as a motte-and-bailey, with three wards surrounding a central mound. Gradually replaced with stone fortifications, the castle withstood a prolonged siege during the First Barons' War at the start of the 13th century. Henry III built a luxurious royal palace within the castle during the middle of the century, and Edward III went further, rebuilding the palace to make an even grander set of buildings in what would become "the most expensive secular building project of the entire Middle Ages in England". Edward's core design lasted through the Tudor period, during which Henry VIII and Elizabeth I made increasing use of the castle as a royal court and centre for diplomatic entertainment. Title: Queen Victoria Passage: Victoria's self-imposed isolation from the public diminished the popularity of the monarchy, and encouraged the growth of the republican movement. She did undertake her official government duties, yet chose to remain secluded in her royal residences—Windsor Castle, Osborne House, and the private estate in Scotland that she and Albert had acquired in 1847, Balmoral Castle. In March 1864, a protester stuck a notice on the railings of Buckingham Palace that announced "these commanding premises to be let or sold in consequence of the late occupant's declining business". Her uncle Leopold wrote to her advising her to appear in public. She agreed to visit the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Kensington and take a drive through London in an open carriage. Title: German Castles Association Passage: The German Castles Association () or DBV is dedicated to the conservation of historic defensive and residential buildings as witnesses of history and culture and has its headquarters at Marksburg Castle above Braubach on the Rhine. It owns the organisation known as the European Castles Institute ("Europäisches Burgeninstitut") or (EBI) whose library and archives are housed in Philippsburg Palace in Braubach. Title: Villa Foscari Passage: Villa Foscari is a patrician villa in Mira, near Venice, northern Italy, designed by the Italian architect Andrea Palladio. It is also known as "La Malcontenta", a nickname which it received when the spouse of one of the Foscaris was locked up in the house because she allegedly didn't live up to her conjugal duty. Title: Margareta Eriksdotter Vasa Passage: Margareta Eriksdotter Vasa (1497 – 31 December 1536), also called "Margareta Vasa" and "Margareta of Hoya", was a Swedish noblewoman, sister of king Gustav I of Sweden. Between 1525 and 1534, she commanded Vyborg Castle on several occasions during the absence of her spouse. Title: Windsor Castle Passage: Edward VII came to the throne in 1901 and immediately set about modernising Windsor Castle with "enthusiasm and zest". Many of the rooms in the Upper Ward were de-cluttered and redecorated for the first time in many years, with Edward "peering into cabinets; ransacking drawers; clearing rooms formerly used by the Prince Consort and not touched since his death; dispatching case-loads of relics and ornaments to a special room in the Round Tower ... destroying statues and busts of John Brown ... throwing out hundreds of 'rubbishy old coloured photographs' ... [and] rearranging pictures". Electric lighting was added to more rooms, along with central heating; telephone lines were installed, along with garages for the newly invented automobiles. The marathon was run from Windsor Castle at the 1908 Olympics, and in 1911 the pioneering aviator Thomas Sopwith landed an aircraft at the castle for the first time. Title: William IV Passage: William IV Portrait by Sir Martin Archer Shee, 1833 King of the United Kingdom (more...) Reign 26 June 1830 -- 20 June 1837 Coronation 8 September 1831 Predecessor George IV Successor Victoria Prime Ministers See list (show) Duke of Wellington Earl Grey Viscount Melbourne Robert Peel King of Hanover Reign 26 June 1830 -- 20 June 1837 Predecessor George IV Successor Ernest Augustus (1765 - 08 - 21) 21 August 1765 Buckingham House, London 20 June 1837 (1837 - 06 - 20) (aged 71) Windsor Castle, Berkshire Burial 8 July 1837 St George's Chapel, Windsor Spouse Adelaide of Saxe - Meiningen Issue more... Legitimate: Princess Charlotte of Clarence Princess Elizabeth of Clarence Illegitimate: George FitzClarence, Earl of Munster Henry FitzClarence Sophia Sidney, Baroness De L'Isle and Dudley Lady Mary Fox Lord Frederick FitzClarence Elizabeth Hay, Countess of Erroll Lord Adolphus FitzClarence Lady Augusta Gordon Lord Augustus FitzClarence Amelia Cary, Viscountess Falkland Full name William Henry House Hanover Father George III of the United Kingdom Mother Charlotte of Mecklenburg - Strelitz Religion Anglican Occupation Military (Naval) Signature Military career Allegiance United Kingdom Service / branch Royal Navy (active service) Years of service 1779 -- 1790 (active service) Rank Rear - Admiral (active service) Commands held HMS Andromeda HMS Pegasus Battles / wars Battle of Cape St Vincent Title: Windsor Castle (novel) Passage: Windsor Castle is a novel by William Harrison Ainsworth serially published in 1842. It is a historical romance with gothic elements that depicts Henry VIII's pursuit of Anne Boleyn. Intertwined with the story are the actions of Herne the Hunter, a legendary ghost that haunts Windsor woods. Title: New Windsor Historic District Passage: New Windsor Historic District is a national historic district at New Windsor, Carroll County, Maryland, United States. The district contains a wide variety of domestic, commercial, public, educational, and religious resources reflecting the development of the town from its founding in 1796 up to the World War II era. Most common homes are 2- or -story center-entrance or center-passage plan dwellings, of both three and five bays, and three-bay side-passage plan houses. Title: Windsor Castle Passage: Windsor Castle survived the tumultuous period of the English Civil War, when it was used as a military headquarters by Parliamentary forces and a prison for Charles I. At the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II rebuilt much of Windsor Castle with the help of the architect Hugh May, creating a set of extravagant Baroque interiors that are still admired. After a period of neglect during the 18th century, George III and George IV renovated and rebuilt Charles II's palace at colossal expense, producing the current design of the State Apartments, full of Rococo, Gothic and Baroque furnishings. Queen Victoria made a few minor changes to the castle, which became the centre for royal entertainment for much of her reign. Windsor Castle was used as a refuge by the royal family during the Luftwaffe bombing campaigns of the Second World War and survived a fire in 1992. It is a popular tourist attraction, a venue for hosting state visits, and the preferred weekend home of Elizabeth II. Title: Czocha Castle Passage: Czocha Castle (, , ) is a defensive castle in the village of Czocha (Gmina Lesna), Lubań County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in southwestern Poland. The castle is located on the Lake Leśnia, near the Kwisa river, in what is now the Polish part of Upper Lusatia. Czocha castle was built on gneiss rock, and its oldest part is the keep, to which housing structures were later added. Title: Buckingham Palace Passage: The palace, like Windsor Castle, is owned by the Crown Estate. It is not the monarch's personal property, unlike Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle. Many of the contents from Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle, Kensington Palace, and St James's Palace are part of the Royal Collection, held in trust by the Sovereign; they can, on occasion, be viewed by the public at the Queen's Gallery, near the Royal Mews. Unlike the palace and the castle, the purpose-built gallery is open continually and displays a changing selection of items from the collection. It occupies the site of the chapel destroyed by an air raid in World War II. The palace's state rooms have been open to the public during August and September and on selected dates throughout the year since 1993. The money raised in entry fees was originally put towards the rebuilding of Windsor Castle after the 1992 fire devastated many of its state rooms. 476,000 people visited the palace in the 2014–15 financial year. Title: Old Windsor Passage: Old Windsor is a large village and civil parish, in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, in Berkshire, England. It is bound by the River Thames to the east and Windsor Great Park to the west. Title: Oliver Castle Passage: Oliver Castle was a medieval tower house, located in the upper Tweed Valley in the Scottish Borders. The site of the hillfort known as Oliver Castle is to the north of the village of Tweedsmuir, although the site of the tower house is less certain. Mentioned in a document of c.1200, it was originally part of the line of peel towers along the Tweed Valley. It was replaced in the seventeenth century by a house, which was itself replaced in the late 18th century by the present Oliver House. For most of its existence the property has been owned by members of the Tweedie family.	[ "Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth", "Windsor Castle" ]
2hop__998_25839	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Apple announced a battery replacement program on November 14, 2003, a week before a high publicity stunt and website by the Neistat Brothers. The initial cost was US$99, and it was lowered to US$59 in 2005. One week later, Apple offered an extended iPod warranty for US$59. For the iPod Nano, soldering tools are needed because the battery is soldered onto the main board. Fifth generation iPods have their battery attached to the backplate with adhesive.", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued).", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The third generation began including a 30-pin dock connector, allowing for FireWire or USB connectivity. This provided better compatibility with non-Apple machines, as most of them did not have FireWire ports at the time. Eventually Apple began shipping iPods with USB cables instead of FireWire, although the latter was available separately. As of the first-generation iPod Nano and the fifth-generation iPod Classic, Apple discontinued using FireWire for data transfer (while still allowing for use of FireWire to charge the device) in an attempt to reduce cost and form factor. As of the second-generation iPod Touch and the fourth-generation iPod Nano, FireWire charging ability has been removed. The second-, third-, and fourth-generation iPod Shuffle uses a single 3.5 mm minijack phone connector which acts as both a headphone jack and a data port for the dock.", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A unit load is defined as 100 mA in USB 1.x and 2.0, and 150 mA in USB 3.0. A device may draw a maximum of five unit loads from a port in USB 1.x and 2.0 (500 mA), or six unit loads in USB 3.0 (900 mA). There are two types of devices: low-power and high-power. A low-power device (such as a USB HID) draws at most one-unit load, with minimum operating voltage of 4.4 V in USB 2.0, and 4 V in USB 3.0. A high-power device draws, at most, the maximum number of unit loads the standard permits. Every device functions initially as low-power (including high-power functions during their low-power enumeration phases), but may request high-power, and get it if available on the providing bus.", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.2 (released in 2010) makes clear that there are safety limits to the rated current at 5 A coming from USB 2.0. On the other hand, several changes are made and limits are increasing including allowing 1.5 A on charging downstream ports for unconfigured devices, allowing high speed communication while having a current up to 1.5 A, and allowing a maximum current of 5 A. Also, revision 1.2 removes support for USB ports type detection via resistive detection mechanisms.", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The iPod Nano (stylized and marketed as iPod nano) is a portable media player designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first generation model was introduced on September 7, 2005, as a replacement for the iPod Mini, using flash memory for storage. The iPod Nano went through several differing models, or generations, since its introduction. Apple discontinued the iPod Nano on July 27, 2017, citing lack of consumer interest in the product resulting in poor sales.", "title": "IPod Nano" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From the fifth-generation iPod on, Apple introduced a user-configurable volume limit in response to concerns about hearing loss. Users report that in the sixth-generation iPod, the maximum volume output level is limited to 100 dB in EU markets. Apple previously had to remove iPods from shelves in France for exceeding this legal limit. However, users that have bought a new sixth-generation iPod in late 2013 have reported a new option that allowed them to disable the EU volume limit. It has been said that these new iPods came with an updated software that allowed this change. Older sixth-generation iPods, however, are unable to update to this software version.", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some non-standard USB devices use the 5 V power supply without participating in a proper USB network, which negotiates power draw with the host interface. These are usually called USB decorations.[citation needed] Examples include USB-powered keyboard lights, fans, mug coolers and heaters, battery chargers, miniature vacuum cleaners, and even miniature lava lamps. In most cases, these items contain no digital circuitry, and thus are not standard compliant USB devices. This may cause problems with some computers, such as drawing too much current and damaging circuitry. Prior to the Battery Charging Specification, the USB specification required that devices connect in a low-power mode (100 mA maximum) and communicate their current requirements to the host, which then permits the device to switch into high-power mode.", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Firstly conceived and still used today for optical storage devices (CD-RW drives, DVD drives, etc.), several manufacturers offer external portable USB hard disk drives, or empty enclosures for disk drives. These offer performance comparable to internal drives, limited by the current number and types of attached USB devices, and by the upper limit of the USB interface (in practice about 30 MB/s for USB 2.0 and potentially 400 MB/s or more for USB 3.0). These external drives typically include a \"translating device\" that bridges between a drive's interface to a USB interface port. Functionally, the drive appears to the user much like an internal drive. Other competing standards for external drive connectivity include eSATA, ExpressCard, FireWire (IEEE 1394), and most recently Thunderbolt.", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Apple's application to the United States Patent and Trademark Office for a patent on \"rotational user inputs\", as used on the iPod interface, received a third \"non-final rejection\" (NFR) in August 2005. Also in August 2005, Creative Technology, one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market, announced that it held a patent on part of the music selection interface used by the iPod line, which Creative Technology dubbed the \"Zen Patent\", granted on August 9, 2005. On May 15, 2006, Creative filed another suit against Apple with the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Creative also asked the United States International Trade Commission to investigate whether Apple was breaching U.S. trade laws by importing iPods into the United States.", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The OTG device with the A-plug inserted is called the A-device and is responsible for powering the USB interface when required and by default assumes the role of host. The OTG device with the B-plug inserted is called the B-device and by default assumes the role of peripheral. An OTG device with no plug inserted defaults to acting as a B-device. If an application on the B-device requires the role of host, then the Host Negotiation Protocol (HNP) is used to temporarily transfer the host role to the B-device.", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boom Blox (stylized as BOOM BLOX) is a puzzle video game for the Wii console, mobile devices and N-Gage 2.0 developed by EA Los Angeles in conjunction with film director Steven Spielberg. The game was released on May 6, 2008, in North America and on May 9, 2008, in Europe. The N-Gage version of the game was released on December 3, 2008.", "title": "Boom Blox" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices.", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first generation iPod Nano may overheat and pose a health and safety risk. Affected iPod Nanos were sold between September 2005 and December 2006. This is due to a flawed battery used by Apple from a single battery manufacturer. Apple recommended that owners of affected iPod Nanos stop using them. Under an Apple product replacement program, affected Nanos were replaced with current generation Nanos free of charge.", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The fifth generation iPod Touch (stylized and marketed as the iPod touch, and colloquially known as the iPod Touch 5G or iPod Touch 5) was unveiled at Apple's media event alongside the iPhone 5 on September 12, 2012 and was released on October 11, 2012. An all - purpose pocket computer designed and marketed by Apple Inc. with a touchscreen - based user interface, it succeeded the 4th generation iPod Touch. It is compatible with up to iOS 9.3. 5 which was released on the 25th of August 2016", "title": "IPod Touch (5th generation)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Apple did not develop the iPod software entirely in-house, instead using PortalPlayer's reference platform based on two ARM cores. The platform had rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system. PortalPlayer had previously been working on an IBM-branded MP3 player with Bluetooth headphones. Apple contracted another company, Pixo, to help design and implement the user interface under the direct supervision of Steve Jobs. As development progressed, Apple continued to refine the software's look and feel. Starting with the iPod Mini, the Chicago font was replaced with Espy Sans. Later iPods switched fonts again to Podium Sans—a font similar to Apple's corporate font, Myriad. iPods with color displays then adopted some Mac OS X themes like Aqua progress bars, and brushed metal meant to evoke a combination lock. In 2007, Apple modified the iPod interface again with the introduction of the sixth-generation iPod Classic and third-generation iPod Nano by changing the font to Helvetica and, in most cases, splitting the screen in half by displaying the menus on the left and album artwork, photos, or videos on the right (whichever was appropriate for the selected item).", "title": "IPod" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USB 2.0 provides for a maximum cable length of 5 meters for devices running at Hi Speed (480 Mbit/s). The primary reason for this limit is the maximum allowed round-trip delay of about 1.5 μs. If USB host commands are unanswered by the USB device within the allowed time, the host considers the command lost. When adding USB device response time, delays from the maximum number of hubs added to the delays from connecting cables, the maximum acceptable delay per cable amounts to 26 ns. The USB 2.0 specification requires that cable delay be less than 5.2 ns per meter (192 000 km/s, which is close to the maximum achievable transmission speed for standard copper wire).", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1994: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, and Nortel. The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs, addressing the usability issues of existing interfaces, and simplifying software configuration of all devices connected to USB, as well as permitting greater data rates for external devices. A team including Ajay Bhatt worked on the standard at Intel; the first integrated circuits supporting USB were produced by Intel in 1995.", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "These and other differences reflect the differing design goals of the two buses: USB was designed for simplicity and low cost, while FireWire was designed for high performance, particularly in time-sensitive applications such as audio and video. Although similar in theoretical maximum transfer rate, FireWire 400 is faster than USB 2.0 Hi-Bandwidth in real-use, especially in high-bandwidth use such as external hard-drives. The newer FireWire 800 standard is twice as fast as FireWire 400 and faster than USB 2.0 Hi-Bandwidth both theoretically and practically. However, Firewire's speed advantages rely on low-level techniques such as direct memory access (DMA), which in turn have created opportunities for security exploits such as the DMA attack.", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The third-generation iPod had a weak bass response, as shown in audio tests. The combination of the undersized DC-blocking capacitors and the typical low-impedance of most consumer headphones form a high-pass filter, which attenuates the low-frequency bass output. Similar capacitors were used in the fourth-generation iPods. The problem is reduced when using high-impedance headphones and is completely masked when driving high-impedance (line level) loads, such as an external headphone amplifier. The first-generation iPod Shuffle uses a dual-transistor output stage, rather than a single capacitor-coupled output, and does not exhibit reduced bass response for any load.", "title": "IPod" } ]	What is the maximum load drawn by the 1.0 and 2.0 versions of the device that replaced FireWire in later iPods?	five unit loads	[]	Title: USB Passage: A group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1994: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, and Nortel. The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs, addressing the usability issues of existing interfaces, and simplifying software configuration of all devices connected to USB, as well as permitting greater data rates for external devices. A team including Ajay Bhatt worked on the standard at Intel; the first integrated circuits supporting USB were produced by Intel in 1995. Title: USB Passage: A unit load is defined as 100 mA in USB 1.x and 2.0, and 150 mA in USB 3.0. A device may draw a maximum of five unit loads from a port in USB 1.x and 2.0 (500 mA), or six unit loads in USB 3.0 (900 mA). There are two types of devices: low-power and high-power. A low-power device (such as a USB HID) draws at most one-unit load, with minimum operating voltage of 4.4 V in USB 2.0, and 4 V in USB 3.0. A high-power device draws, at most, the maximum number of unit loads the standard permits. Every device functions initially as low-power (including high-power functions during their low-power enumeration phases), but may request high-power, and get it if available on the providing bus. Title: USB Passage: USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. Title: IPod Passage: The first generation iPod Nano may overheat and pose a health and safety risk. Affected iPod Nanos were sold between September 2005 and December 2006. This is due to a flawed battery used by Apple from a single battery manufacturer. Apple recommended that owners of affected iPod Nanos stop using them. Under an Apple product replacement program, affected Nanos were replaced with current generation Nanos free of charge. Title: USB Passage: Firstly conceived and still used today for optical storage devices (CD-RW drives, DVD drives, etc.), several manufacturers offer external portable USB hard disk drives, or empty enclosures for disk drives. These offer performance comparable to internal drives, limited by the current number and types of attached USB devices, and by the upper limit of the USB interface (in practice about 30 MB/s for USB 2.0 and potentially 400 MB/s or more for USB 3.0). These external drives typically include a "translating device" that bridges between a drive's interface to a USB interface port. Functionally, the drive appears to the user much like an internal drive. Other competing standards for external drive connectivity include eSATA, ExpressCard, FireWire (IEEE 1394), and most recently Thunderbolt. Title: USB Passage: These and other differences reflect the differing design goals of the two buses: USB was designed for simplicity and low cost, while FireWire was designed for high performance, particularly in time-sensitive applications such as audio and video. Although similar in theoretical maximum transfer rate, FireWire 400 is faster than USB 2.0 Hi-Bandwidth in real-use, especially in high-bandwidth use such as external hard-drives. The newer FireWire 800 standard is twice as fast as FireWire 400 and faster than USB 2.0 Hi-Bandwidth both theoretically and practically. However, Firewire's speed advantages rely on low-level techniques such as direct memory access (DMA), which in turn have created opportunities for security exploits such as the DMA attack. Title: USB Passage: The OTG device with the A-plug inserted is called the A-device and is responsible for powering the USB interface when required and by default assumes the role of host. The OTG device with the B-plug inserted is called the B-device and by default assumes the role of peripheral. An OTG device with no plug inserted defaults to acting as a B-device. If an application on the B-device requires the role of host, then the Host Negotiation Protocol (HNP) is used to temporarily transfer the host role to the B-device. Title: Boom Blox Passage: Boom Blox (stylized as BOOM BLOX) is a puzzle video game for the Wii console, mobile devices and N-Gage 2.0 developed by EA Los Angeles in conjunction with film director Steven Spielberg. The game was released on May 6, 2008, in North America and on May 9, 2008, in Europe. The N-Gage version of the game was released on December 3, 2008. Title: IPod Touch (5th generation) Passage: The fifth generation iPod Touch (stylized and marketed as the iPod touch, and colloquially known as the iPod Touch 5G or iPod Touch 5) was unveiled at Apple's media event alongside the iPhone 5 on September 12, 2012 and was released on October 11, 2012. An all - purpose pocket computer designed and marketed by Apple Inc. with a touchscreen - based user interface, it succeeded the 4th generation iPod Touch. It is compatible with up to iOS 9.3. 5 which was released on the 25th of August 2016 Title: IPod Passage: The third generation began including a 30-pin dock connector, allowing for FireWire or USB connectivity. This provided better compatibility with non-Apple machines, as most of them did not have FireWire ports at the time. Eventually Apple began shipping iPods with USB cables instead of FireWire, although the latter was available separately. As of the first-generation iPod Nano and the fifth-generation iPod Classic, Apple discontinued using FireWire for data transfer (while still allowing for use of FireWire to charge the device) in an attempt to reduce cost and form factor. As of the second-generation iPod Touch and the fourth-generation iPod Nano, FireWire charging ability has been removed. The second-, third-, and fourth-generation iPod Shuffle uses a single 3.5 mm minijack phone connector which acts as both a headphone jack and a data port for the dock. Title: IPod Nano Passage: The iPod Nano (stylized and marketed as iPod nano) is a portable media player designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first generation model was introduced on September 7, 2005, as a replacement for the iPod Mini, using flash memory for storage. The iPod Nano went through several differing models, or generations, since its introduction. Apple discontinued the iPod Nano on July 27, 2017, citing lack of consumer interest in the product resulting in poor sales. Title: USB Passage: The USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.2 (released in 2010) makes clear that there are safety limits to the rated current at 5 A coming from USB 2.0. On the other hand, several changes are made and limits are increasing including allowing 1.5 A on charging downstream ports for unconfigured devices, allowing high speed communication while having a current up to 1.5 A, and allowing a maximum current of 5 A. Also, revision 1.2 removes support for USB ports type detection via resistive detection mechanisms. Title: IPod Passage: Apple did not develop the iPod software entirely in-house, instead using PortalPlayer's reference platform based on two ARM cores. The platform had rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system. PortalPlayer had previously been working on an IBM-branded MP3 player with Bluetooth headphones. Apple contracted another company, Pixo, to help design and implement the user interface under the direct supervision of Steve Jobs. As development progressed, Apple continued to refine the software's look and feel. Starting with the iPod Mini, the Chicago font was replaced with Espy Sans. Later iPods switched fonts again to Podium Sans—a font similar to Apple's corporate font, Myriad. iPods with color displays then adopted some Mac OS X themes like Aqua progress bars, and brushed metal meant to evoke a combination lock. In 2007, Apple modified the iPod interface again with the introduction of the sixth-generation iPod Classic and third-generation iPod Nano by changing the font to Helvetica and, in most cases, splitting the screen in half by displaying the menus on the left and album artwork, photos, or videos on the right (whichever was appropriate for the selected item). Title: IPod Passage: The third-generation iPod had a weak bass response, as shown in audio tests. The combination of the undersized DC-blocking capacitors and the typical low-impedance of most consumer headphones form a high-pass filter, which attenuates the low-frequency bass output. Similar capacitors were used in the fourth-generation iPods. The problem is reduced when using high-impedance headphones and is completely masked when driving high-impedance (line level) loads, such as an external headphone amplifier. The first-generation iPod Shuffle uses a dual-transistor output stage, rather than a single capacitor-coupled output, and does not exhibit reduced bass response for any load. Title: IPod Passage: Apple announced a battery replacement program on November 14, 2003, a week before a high publicity stunt and website by the Neistat Brothers. The initial cost was US$99, and it was lowered to US$59 in 2005. One week later, Apple offered an extended iPod warranty for US$59. For the iPod Nano, soldering tools are needed because the battery is soldered onto the main board. Fifth generation iPods have their battery attached to the backplate with adhesive. Title: USB Passage: USB 2.0 provides for a maximum cable length of 5 meters for devices running at Hi Speed (480 Mbit/s). The primary reason for this limit is the maximum allowed round-trip delay of about 1.5 μs. If USB host commands are unanswered by the USB device within the allowed time, the host considers the command lost. When adding USB device response time, delays from the maximum number of hubs added to the delays from connecting cables, the maximum acceptable delay per cable amounts to 26 ns. The USB 2.0 specification requires that cable delay be less than 5.2 ns per meter (192 000 km/s, which is close to the maximum achievable transmission speed for standard copper wire). Title: IPod Passage: From the fifth-generation iPod on, Apple introduced a user-configurable volume limit in response to concerns about hearing loss. Users report that in the sixth-generation iPod, the maximum volume output level is limited to 100 dB in EU markets. Apple previously had to remove iPods from shelves in France for exceeding this legal limit. However, users that have bought a new sixth-generation iPod in late 2013 have reported a new option that allowed them to disable the EU volume limit. It has been said that these new iPods came with an updated software that allowed this change. Older sixth-generation iPods, however, are unable to update to this software version. Title: IPod Passage: Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued). Title: IPod Passage: Apple's application to the United States Patent and Trademark Office for a patent on "rotational user inputs", as used on the iPod interface, received a third "non-final rejection" (NFR) in August 2005. Also in August 2005, Creative Technology, one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market, announced that it held a patent on part of the music selection interface used by the iPod line, which Creative Technology dubbed the "Zen Patent", granted on August 9, 2005. On May 15, 2006, Creative filed another suit against Apple with the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Creative also asked the United States International Trade Commission to investigate whether Apple was breaching U.S. trade laws by importing iPods into the United States. Title: USB Passage: Some non-standard USB devices use the 5 V power supply without participating in a proper USB network, which negotiates power draw with the host interface. These are usually called USB decorations.[citation needed] Examples include USB-powered keyboard lights, fans, mug coolers and heaters, battery chargers, miniature vacuum cleaners, and even miniature lava lamps. In most cases, these items contain no digital circuitry, and thus are not standard compliant USB devices. This may cause problems with some computers, such as drawing too much current and damaging circuitry. Prior to the Battery Charging Specification, the USB specification required that devices connect in a low-power mode (100 mA maximum) and communicate their current requirements to the host, which then permits the device to switch into high-power mode.	[ "IPod", "USB" ]
2hop__156044_57816	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kasowitz, Benson & Torres is a New York law firm founded in 1993. It employs 350 lawyers and maintains offices in several states. The firm focuses on product liability litigation, corporate, family and employment law, as well as intellectual property, bankruptcy and creditors' rights. The firm's notable clients have included Donald Trump, Robert DeNiro, Celanese, ArvinMeritor, Liggett Group, Enron, WorldCom and Mia Farrow.", "title": "Kasowitz Benson Torres" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "To accommodate the ruling in Hopwood v. Texas banning any use of race in school admissions, the State of Texas passed a law guaranteeing entry to any state university if a student finished in the top 10% of their graduating class. Florida and California have also replaced racial quotas with class rank and other criteria. Class rank tends to benefit top students at less competitive high schools, to the detriment of students at more competitive high schools. This effect, however, may be intentional since less-funded, less competitive schools are more likely to be schools where minority enrollment is high. Critics argue that class rank is more a measure of one's peers than of one's self. The top 10% rule adds racial diversity only because schools are still highly racially segregated because of residential patterns. The class rank rule has the same consequence as traditional affirmative action: opening schools to students who would otherwise not be admitted had the given school used a holistic, merit-based approach. From 1996 to 1998, Texas had merit-based admission to its state universities, and minority enrollment dropped. The state's adoption of the \"top 10 percent\" rule returned minority enrollment to pre-1996 levels.", "title": "Affirmative action in the United States" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Samuel Estreicher (born 1948) is Dwight D. Opperman Professor of Law at New York University School of Law, director of its Center for Labor and Employment and co-director of its Institute of Judicial Administration. He has published scores of articles and several books on labor law, employment law, employment discrimination law, U.S. foreign relations law, international law, and Supreme Court decisionmaking.", "title": "Samuel Estreicher" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canadian white bread is a style of bread produced or sold by several companies—including Pepperidge Farm, Trader Joes, and J.J. Nissen—that has a heartier texture than the white bread typically found throughout the United States. J.J. Nissen also offers other Canadian-style breads. The term \"Canadian white bread\" is not used in Canada; as is the case with the term \"Canadian bacon\", Canadian white is referred to as \"white bread\" in Canada and is called \"Canadian white bread\" only when it is exported.", "title": "Canadian white bread" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 2015 US News & World Report America's Best Graduate Schools, the law school is ranked 18th nationally, out of over 180 law schools. In particular, its Clinical Education Program is currently ranked 4th in the nation. This year, the median score placed the average student in the 96th percentile of test takers. The law school offers a full-time day program, beginning in August, for the J.D. degree. The law school is located in a state-of-the-art building, Anheuser-Busch Hall (opened in 1997). The building combines traditional architecture, a five-story open-stacks library, an integration of indoor and outdoor spaces, and the latest wireless and other technologies. National Jurist ranked Washington University 4th among the \"25 Most Wired Law Schools.\"", "title": "Washington University in St. Louis" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hopewell Baptist Church in northwestern Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, also known as the TP Church, was designed by architect Bruce Goff in the modernist style. It was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2002. It was deemed \"an excellent example of the architecture of Bruce Goff during the time he was Director of the School of Architecture at the University of Oklahoma.\"", "title": "Hopewell Baptist Church" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nissene på låven is a Nordic Christmas calendar that aired on TVNorge in 2001, and is a spoof of reality TV.", "title": "Nissene på låven" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 U.S. News & World Report's ``Best Law School Rankings ''ranked the FIU College of Law at 100 in the United States. This represents an increase of more than 51 spots since 2009.", "title": "Florida International University College of Law" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sipag Pinoy is a publication of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) of the national government of the Philippines. Its office is located in Intramuros, Manila. It contains news and articles on industrial relations, officials and employees, labor laws and legislation, and other issues and trends in the labor sector in the Philippines.", "title": "Sipag Pinoy" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bruce Nissen (born January 20, 1948) is a professor of labor studies and director of research at the Center for Labor Research and Studies (CLRS) at Florida International University (FIU). He also formerly directed that university's Research Institute on Social and Economic Policy (RISEP).", "title": "Bruce Nissen" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine is the largest veterinary school in the United States and is currently ranked #1 among veterinary schools in the USA by US News & World report. In addition it is ranked 1st in the world according to the QS World University Rankings for two consecutive years: 2015 and 2016. Established in 1948, the school is the primary health resource for California's various animal populations. It is located in the southwest corner of the main campus of the University of California, Davis. The current Dean of Veterinary Medicine is Dr. Michael Lairmore.", "title": "UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "University of Pennsylvania v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 493 U.S. 182 (1990), is a US labor law case of the US Supreme Court holding neither common law evidentiary privilege, nor First Amendment academic freedom protects peer review materials that are relevant to charges of racial or sexual discrimination in tenure decisions.", "title": "University of Pennsylvania v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2009, the university's Marriott School of Management received a No. 5 ranking by BusinessWeek for its undergraduate programs, and its MBA program was ranked by several sources: No. 22 ranking by BusinessWeek, No. 16 by Forbes, and No. 29 by U.S. News & World Report. Among regional schools the MBA program was ranked No. 1 by The Wall Street Journal's most recent ranking (2007), and it was ranked No. 92 among business schools worldwide in 2009 by Financial Times. For 2009, the university's School of Accountancy, which is housed within the Marriott School, received two No. 3 rankings for its undergraduate program—one by Public Accounting Report and the other by U.S. News & World Report. The same two reporting agencies also ranked the school's MAcc program No. 3 and No. 8 in the nation, respectively. In 2010, an article in the Wall Street Journal listing institutions whose graduates were the top-rated by recruiters ranked BYU No. 11. Using 2010 fiscal year data, the Association of University Technology Managers ranked BYU No. 3 in an evaluation of universities creating the most startup companies through campus research.", "title": "Brigham Young University" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For 2016, U.S. News & World Report ranked BYU as tied for 66th for national universities in the United States. A 2013 Quarterly Journal of Economics study of where the nation's top high school students choose to enroll ranked BYU No. 21 in its peer-reviewed study. The Princeton Review has ranked BYU the best value for college in 2007, and its library is consistently ranked in the nation's top ten — No. 1 in 2004 and No. 4 in 2007. BYU is also ranked No. 19 in the U.S. News and World Report's \"Great Schools, Great Prices\" lineup, and No. 12 in lowest student-incurred debt. Due in part to the school's emphasis on undergraduate research, in rankings for 2008-2009, BYU was ranked No. 10 nationally for the number of students who go on to earn PhDs, No. 1 nationally for students who go on to dental school, No. 6 nationally for students who go on to law school, and No. 10 nationally for students who go on to medical school. BYU is designated as a research university with high research activity by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.]] Forbes Magazine ranked it as the No. 1 \"Top University to Work For in 2014\" and as the best college in Utah.", "title": "Brigham Young University" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Magic School Bus is a Canadian / American Saturday morning animated children's television series, based on the book series of the same name by Joanna Cole and Bruce Degen. It is notable for its use of celebrity talent and combining entertainment with an educational series. Broadcasting & Cable said the show was ``among the highest - rated PBS shows for school - age children. ''On June 10, 2014, Scholastic Media announced that it will be releasing an all - new animated series which will be inspired by the original show entitled The Magic School Bus Rides Again.", "title": "The Magic School Bus (TV series)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silverstein was born in New York City in 1954 and grew up in Elizabeth, New Jersey and Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania. He received a B.A. in Political Science from Rutgers University-New Brunswick in 1976, a J.D. from Temple University Beasley School of Law (senior member of Law Review) in 1979, and an LL.M. from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 2008 .", "title": "Martin J. Silverstein" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Yale Law & Policy Review is a biannual student-run law review at the Yale Law School covering the intersection of law and policy. The 2007 \"ExpressO\" Guide to Top Law Reviews ranked the journal first among law and society law reviews based on the number of manuscripts received.", "title": "Yale Law & Policy Review" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert Ray Hamilton graduated from Columbia College and Columbia Law School. He was admitted to the bar, and practiced law in New York City.", "title": "Robert Ray Hamilton" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "UCLA professor Richard H. Sander published an article in the November 2004 issue of the Stanford Law Review that questioned the effectiveness of racial preferences in law schools. He noted that, prior to his article, there had been no comprehensive study on the effects of affirmative action. The article presents a study that shows that half of all black law students rank near the bottom of their class after the first year of law school and that black law students are more likely to drop out of law school and to fail the bar exam. The article offers a tentative estimate that the production of new black lawyers in the United States would grow by eight percent if affirmative action programs at all law schools were ended. Less qualified black students would attend less prestigious schools where they would be more closely matched in abilities with their classmates and thus perform relatively better. Sander helped to develop a socioeconomically-based affirmative action plan for the UCLA School of Law after the passage of Proposition 209 in 1996, which prohibited the use of racial preferences by public universities in California. This change occurred after studies showed that the graduation rate of blacks at UCLA was 41%, compared to 73% for whites.", "title": "Affirmative action in the United States" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Washington University School of Law offers joint-degree programs with the Olin Business School, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the School of Medicine, and the School of Social Work. It also offers an LLM in Intellectual Property and Technology Law, an LLM in Taxation, an LLM in US Law for Foreign Lawyers, a Master of Juridical Studies (MJS), and a Juris Scientiae Doctoris (JSD). The law school offers 3 semesters of courses in the Spring, Summer, and Fall, and requires at least 85 hours of coursework for the JD.", "title": "Washington University in St. Louis" } ]	What is the ranking of the law school at the university employing Bruce Nissen?	100	[]	Title: Samuel Estreicher Passage: Samuel Estreicher (born 1948) is Dwight D. Opperman Professor of Law at New York University School of Law, director of its Center for Labor and Employment and co-director of its Institute of Judicial Administration. He has published scores of articles and several books on labor law, employment law, employment discrimination law, U.S. foreign relations law, international law, and Supreme Court decisionmaking. Title: Washington University in St. Louis Passage: In the 2015 US News & World Report America's Best Graduate Schools, the law school is ranked 18th nationally, out of over 180 law schools. In particular, its Clinical Education Program is currently ranked 4th in the nation. This year, the median score placed the average student in the 96th percentile of test takers. The law school offers a full-time day program, beginning in August, for the J.D. degree. The law school is located in a state-of-the-art building, Anheuser-Busch Hall (opened in 1997). The building combines traditional architecture, a five-story open-stacks library, an integration of indoor and outdoor spaces, and the latest wireless and other technologies. National Jurist ranked Washington University 4th among the "25 Most Wired Law Schools." Title: Yale Law & Policy Review Passage: The Yale Law & Policy Review is a biannual student-run law review at the Yale Law School covering the intersection of law and policy. The 2007 "ExpressO" Guide to Top Law Reviews ranked the journal first among law and society law reviews based on the number of manuscripts received. Title: Martin J. Silverstein Passage: Silverstein was born in New York City in 1954 and grew up in Elizabeth, New Jersey and Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania. He received a B.A. in Political Science from Rutgers University-New Brunswick in 1976, a J.D. from Temple University Beasley School of Law (senior member of Law Review) in 1979, and an LL.M. from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 2008 . Title: Bruce Nissen Passage: Bruce Nissen (born January 20, 1948) is a professor of labor studies and director of research at the Center for Labor Research and Studies (CLRS) at Florida International University (FIU). He also formerly directed that university's Research Institute on Social and Economic Policy (RISEP). Title: Robert Ray Hamilton Passage: Robert Ray Hamilton graduated from Columbia College and Columbia Law School. He was admitted to the bar, and practiced law in New York City. Title: Affirmative action in the United States Passage: UCLA professor Richard H. Sander published an article in the November 2004 issue of the Stanford Law Review that questioned the effectiveness of racial preferences in law schools. He noted that, prior to his article, there had been no comprehensive study on the effects of affirmative action. The article presents a study that shows that half of all black law students rank near the bottom of their class after the first year of law school and that black law students are more likely to drop out of law school and to fail the bar exam. The article offers a tentative estimate that the production of new black lawyers in the United States would grow by eight percent if affirmative action programs at all law schools were ended. Less qualified black students would attend less prestigious schools where they would be more closely matched in abilities with their classmates and thus perform relatively better. Sander helped to develop a socioeconomically-based affirmative action plan for the UCLA School of Law after the passage of Proposition 209 in 1996, which prohibited the use of racial preferences by public universities in California. This change occurred after studies showed that the graduation rate of blacks at UCLA was 41%, compared to 73% for whites. Title: Florida International University College of Law Passage: The 2017 U.S. News & World Report's ``Best Law School Rankings ''ranked the FIU College of Law at 100 in the United States. This represents an increase of more than 51 spots since 2009. Title: Hopewell Baptist Church Passage: The Hopewell Baptist Church in northwestern Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, also known as the TP Church, was designed by architect Bruce Goff in the modernist style. It was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2002. It was deemed "an excellent example of the architecture of Bruce Goff during the time he was Director of the School of Architecture at the University of Oklahoma." Title: Brigham Young University Passage: For 2016, U.S. News & World Report ranked BYU as tied for 66th for national universities in the United States. A 2013 Quarterly Journal of Economics study of where the nation's top high school students choose to enroll ranked BYU No. 21 in its peer-reviewed study. The Princeton Review has ranked BYU the best value for college in 2007, and its library is consistently ranked in the nation's top ten — No. 1 in 2004 and No. 4 in 2007. BYU is also ranked No. 19 in the U.S. News and World Report's "Great Schools, Great Prices" lineup, and No. 12 in lowest student-incurred debt. Due in part to the school's emphasis on undergraduate research, in rankings for 2008-2009, BYU was ranked No. 10 nationally for the number of students who go on to earn PhDs, No. 1 nationally for students who go on to dental school, No. 6 nationally for students who go on to law school, and No. 10 nationally for students who go on to medical school. BYU is designated as a research university with high research activity by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.]] Forbes Magazine ranked it as the No. 1 "Top University to Work For in 2014" and as the best college in Utah. Title: UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine Passage: The University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine is the largest veterinary school in the United States and is currently ranked #1 among veterinary schools in the USA by US News & World report. In addition it is ranked 1st in the world according to the QS World University Rankings for two consecutive years: 2015 and 2016. Established in 1948, the school is the primary health resource for California's various animal populations. It is located in the southwest corner of the main campus of the University of California, Davis. The current Dean of Veterinary Medicine is Dr. Michael Lairmore. Title: University of Pennsylvania v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Passage: University of Pennsylvania v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 493 U.S. 182 (1990), is a US labor law case of the US Supreme Court holding neither common law evidentiary privilege, nor First Amendment academic freedom protects peer review materials that are relevant to charges of racial or sexual discrimination in tenure decisions. Title: Washington University in St. Louis Passage: Washington University School of Law offers joint-degree programs with the Olin Business School, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the School of Medicine, and the School of Social Work. It also offers an LLM in Intellectual Property and Technology Law, an LLM in Taxation, an LLM in US Law for Foreign Lawyers, a Master of Juridical Studies (MJS), and a Juris Scientiae Doctoris (JSD). The law school offers 3 semesters of courses in the Spring, Summer, and Fall, and requires at least 85 hours of coursework for the JD. Title: The Magic School Bus (TV series) Passage: The Magic School Bus is a Canadian / American Saturday morning animated children's television series, based on the book series of the same name by Joanna Cole and Bruce Degen. It is notable for its use of celebrity talent and combining entertainment with an educational series. Broadcasting & Cable said the show was ``among the highest - rated PBS shows for school - age children. ''On June 10, 2014, Scholastic Media announced that it will be releasing an all - new animated series which will be inspired by the original show entitled The Magic School Bus Rides Again. Title: Canadian white bread Passage: Canadian white bread is a style of bread produced or sold by several companies—including Pepperidge Farm, Trader Joes, and J.J. Nissen—that has a heartier texture than the white bread typically found throughout the United States. J.J. Nissen also offers other Canadian-style breads. The term "Canadian white bread" is not used in Canada; as is the case with the term "Canadian bacon", Canadian white is referred to as "white bread" in Canada and is called "Canadian white bread" only when it is exported. Title: Sipag Pinoy Passage: The Sipag Pinoy is a publication of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) of the national government of the Philippines. Its office is located in Intramuros, Manila. It contains news and articles on industrial relations, officials and employees, labor laws and legislation, and other issues and trends in the labor sector in the Philippines. Title: Brigham Young University Passage: In 2009, the university's Marriott School of Management received a No. 5 ranking by BusinessWeek for its undergraduate programs, and its MBA program was ranked by several sources: No. 22 ranking by BusinessWeek, No. 16 by Forbes, and No. 29 by U.S. News & World Report. Among regional schools the MBA program was ranked No. 1 by The Wall Street Journal's most recent ranking (2007), and it was ranked No. 92 among business schools worldwide in 2009 by Financial Times. For 2009, the university's School of Accountancy, which is housed within the Marriott School, received two No. 3 rankings for its undergraduate program—one by Public Accounting Report and the other by U.S. News & World Report. The same two reporting agencies also ranked the school's MAcc program No. 3 and No. 8 in the nation, respectively. In 2010, an article in the Wall Street Journal listing institutions whose graduates were the top-rated by recruiters ranked BYU No. 11. Using 2010 fiscal year data, the Association of University Technology Managers ranked BYU No. 3 in an evaluation of universities creating the most startup companies through campus research. Title: Nissene på låven Passage: Nissene på låven is a Nordic Christmas calendar that aired on TVNorge in 2001, and is a spoof of reality TV. Title: Affirmative action in the United States Passage: To accommodate the ruling in Hopwood v. Texas banning any use of race in school admissions, the State of Texas passed a law guaranteeing entry to any state university if a student finished in the top 10% of their graduating class. Florida and California have also replaced racial quotas with class rank and other criteria. Class rank tends to benefit top students at less competitive high schools, to the detriment of students at more competitive high schools. This effect, however, may be intentional since less-funded, less competitive schools are more likely to be schools where minority enrollment is high. Critics argue that class rank is more a measure of one's peers than of one's self. The top 10% rule adds racial diversity only because schools are still highly racially segregated because of residential patterns. The class rank rule has the same consequence as traditional affirmative action: opening schools to students who would otherwise not be admitted had the given school used a holistic, merit-based approach. From 1996 to 1998, Texas had merit-based admission to its state universities, and minority enrollment dropped. The state's adoption of the "top 10 percent" rule returned minority enrollment to pre-1996 levels. Title: Kasowitz Benson Torres Passage: Kasowitz, Benson & Torres is a New York law firm founded in 1993. It employs 350 lawyers and maintains offices in several states. The firm focuses on product liability litigation, corporate, family and employment law, as well as intellectual property, bankruptcy and creditors' rights. The firm's notable clients have included Donald Trump, Robert DeNiro, Celanese, ArvinMeritor, Liggett Group, Enron, WorldCom and Mia Farrow.	[ "Florida International University College of Law", "Bruce Nissen" ]
2hop__107185_64006	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the 2000 census, demographic changes including the end to slavery, immigration from Europe and Asia, assimilation of multiracial persons, and other factors resulted in a population in which 6.2% of the population identified as black, 40% as pardo, and 55% as white. Essentially most of the black population was absorbed into the multi-racial category by intermixing. A 2007 genetic study found that at least 29% of the middle-class, white Brazilian population had some recent (since 1822 and the end of the colonial period) African ancestry.", "title": "Black people" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city of Port - au - Prince is on the Gulf of Gonâve: the bay on which the city lies, which acts as a natural harbor, has sustained economic activity since the civilizations of the Arawaks. It was first incorporated under French colonial rule in 1749. The city's layout is similar to that of an amphitheatre; commercial districts are near the water, while residential neighborhoods are located on the hills above. Its population is difficult to ascertain due to the rapid growth of slums in the hillsides above the city; however, recent estimates place the metropolitan area's population at around 3.7 million, nearly half of the country's national population. The city was catastrophically affected by a devastating earthquake in 2010, with large numbers of structures damaged or destroyed. Haiti's government estimated the death toll to be 230,000.", "title": "Port-au-Prince" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition to arguing that the rat population was insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique (and arguably in some accounts may differ from bubonic plague); that transference via fleas in goods was likely to be of marginal significance; and that the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere, despite extensive samples from other mass graves. Other arguments include the lack of accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague between the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas; that, despite primitive transport systems, the spread of the Black Death was much faster than that of modern bubonic plague; that mortality rates of the Black Death appear to be very high; that, while modern bubonic plague is largely endemic as a rural disease, the Black Death indiscriminately struck urban and rural areas; and that the pattern of the Black Death, with major outbreaks in the same areas separated by 5 to 15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague—which often becomes endemic for decades with annual flare-ups.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The provisional results of the 2014 Myanmar Census show that the total population is 51,419,420. This figure includes an estimated 1,206,353 persons in parts of northern Rakhine State, Kachin State and Kayin State who were not counted. People who were out of the country at the time of the census are not included in these figures. There are over 600,000 registered migrant workers from Myanmar in Thailand, and millions more work illegally. Burmese migrant workers account for 80% of Thailand's migrant workers. Population density is 76 per square kilometre (200/sq mi), among the lowest in Southeast Asia.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is estimated that there were two billion cases of gastroenteritis that resulted in 1.3 million deaths globally in 2015. Children and those in the developing world are most commonly affected. As of 2011, in those less than five, there were about 1.7 billion cases resulting in 0.7 million deaths, with most of these occurring in the world's poorest nations. More than 450,000 of these fatalities are due to rotavirus in children under 5 years of age. Cholera causes about three to five million cases of disease and kills approximately 100,000 people yearly. In the developing world, children less than two years of age frequently get six or more infections a year that result in significant gastroenteritis. It is less common in adults, partly due to the development of acquired immunity.In 1980, gastroenteritis from all causes caused 4.6 million deaths in children, with the majority occurring in the developing world. Death rates were reduced significantly (to approximately 1.5 million deaths annually) by the year 2000, largely due to the introduction and widespread use of oral rehydration therapy. In the US, infections causing gastroenteritis are the second most common infection (after the common cold), and they result in between 200 and 375 million cases of acute diarrhea and approximately ten thousand deaths annually, with 150 to 300 of these deaths in children less than five years of age.", "title": "Gastroenteritis" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is possible that around 62 million people died in the war; estimates vary greatly. About 60% of all casualties were civilians, who died as a result of disease, starvation, genocide (in particular, the Holocaust), and aerial bombing. The former Soviet Union and China suffered the most casualties. Estimates place deaths in the Soviet Union at around 23 million, while China suffered about 10 million. No country lost a greater portion of its population than Poland: approximately 5.6 million, or 16%, of its pre-war population of 34.8 million died.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most widely accepted estimate for the Middle East, including Iraq, Iran and Syria, during this time, is for a death rate of about a third. The Black Death killed about 40% of Egypt's population. Half of Paris's population of 100,000 people died. In Italy, the population of Florence was reduced from 110–120 thousand inhabitants in 1338 down to 50 thousand in 1351. At least 60% of the population of Hamburg and Bremen perished, and a similar percentage of Londoners may have died from the disease as well. Interestingly while contemporary reports account of mass burial pits being created in response to the large numbers of dead, recent scientific investigations of a burial pit in Central London found well-preserved individuals to be buried in isolated, evenly spaced graves, suggesting at least some pre-planning and Christian burials at this time. Before 1350, there were about 170,000 settlements in Germany, and this was reduced by nearly 40,000 by 1450. In 1348, the plague spread so rapidly that before any physicians or government authorities had time to reflect upon its origins, about a third of the European population had already perished. In crowded cities, it was not uncommon for as much as 50% of the population to die. The disease bypassed some areas, and the most isolated areas were less vulnerable to contagion. Monks and priests were especially hard hit since they cared for victims of the Black Death.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Bâton à feu, or Baston à feu (French for \"Fire stick\"), is a type of hand cannon developed in the 14th century in Western Europe. This weapon type corresponds to the portable artillery of the second half of 14th century.", "title": "Bâton à feu" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Consequences of the Black Death included a series of religious, social, and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history. The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1347 and 1350 with 30% to 65% of the population killed. It reduced world population from an estimated 450 million to between 350 and 375 million. It took 80 and in some areas more than 150 years for Europe's population to recover.", "title": "Consequences of the Black Death" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. From there, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30 -- 60% of Europe's total population. In total, the plague may have reduced the world population from an estimated 450 million down to 350 -- 375 million in the 14th century. The world population as a whole did not recover to pre-plague levels until the 17th century. The plague recurred occasionally in Europe until the 19th century.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Urban heat islands (UHI) are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than that of the surrounding environment. The higher temperatures are a result of increased absorption of the Solar light by urban materials such as asphalt and concrete, which have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than those in the natural environment. A straightforward method of counteracting the UHI effect is to paint buildings and roads white and plant trees. Using these methods, a hypothetical \"cool communities\" program in Los Angeles has projected that urban temperatures could be reduced by approximately 3 °C at an estimated cost of US$1 billion, giving estimated total annual benefits of US$530 million from reduced air-conditioning costs and healthcare savings.", "title": "Solar energy" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United Nations estimates that the population in 2009 was at 154,729,000, distributed as 51.7% rural and 48.3% urban, and with a population density of 167.5 people per square kilometre. National census results in the past few decades have been disputed. The results of the most recent census were released in December 2006 and gave a population of 140,003,542. The only breakdown available was by gender: males numbered 71,709,859, females numbered 68,293,08. On June 2012, President Goodluck Jonathan said that Nigerians should limit their number of children.", "title": "Nigeria" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rank Country (or dependent territory) June 30, 2018 projection% of pop. Average relative annual growth (%) Average absolute annual growth Estimated doubling time (years) Official figure (where available) Date of last figure Source Brazil 209,100,000 49.36 0.86 1,750,000 81 209,690,000 August 24, 2018 Official population clock Colombia 49,755,000 11.64 1.16 555,000 60 49,887,000 August 24, 2018 Official population clock Argentina 44,100,000 10.41 1.09 463,000 64 43,590,368 July 1, 2016 Official estimate Peru 32,657,800 7.52 1.10 338,000 64 31,488,625 June 30, 2016 Official estimate Venezuela 31,568,000 7.39 1.37 414,000 51 31,028,637 2016 Official estimate 6 Chile 18,006,000 4.35 1.05 187,000 66 18,191,884 2016 Official estimate 7 Ecuador 16,279,000 3.93 1.57 252,000 44 17,083,400 August 24, 2018 Official population clock 8 Bolivia 10,520,000 2.54 1.73 179,000 40 10,985,059 2016 Official estimate 9 Paraguay 7,003,000 1.69 1.58 109,000 44 6,854,536 2016 Official estimate 10 Uruguay 3,310,000 0.80 0.18 6,000 382 3,480,222 June 30, 2016 Official estimate 11 Guyana 747,000 0.18 0.00 0 - 747,884 September 15, 2012 Preliminary 2012 census result 12 Suriname 560,000 0.14 1.08 6,000 64 541,638 August 13, 2012 Final 2012 census result 13 French Guiana (France) 262,000 0.06 2.75 7,000 26 239,648 January 1, 2012 Official estimate 14 Falkland Islands (UK) 3,000 0.00 0.00 0 - 2,563 April 15, 2012 Final 2012 census result Total 414,663,000 100.00 1.04 4,266,000 67", "title": "List of South American countries by population" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Historians estimate that between the advent of Islam in 650CE and the abolition of slavery in the Arabian Peninsula in the mid-20th century, 10 to 18 million sub-Saharan Black Africans were enslaved by Arab slave traders and transported to the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. This number far exceeded the number of slaves who were taken to the Americas. Several factors affected the visibility of descendants of this diaspora in 21st-century Arab societies: The traders shipped more female slaves than males, as there was a demand for them to serve as concubines in harems in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. Male slaves were castrated in order to serve as harem guards. The death toll of Black African slaves from forced labor was high. The mixed-race children of female slaves and Arab owners were assimilated into the Arab owners' families under the patrilineal kinship system. As a result, few distinctive Afro-Arab black communities have survived in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries.", "title": "Black people" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roughly one-third of the world's population has been infected with M. tuberculosis, with new infections occurring in about 1% of the population each year. However, most infections with M. tuberculosis do not cause TB disease, and 90–95% of infections remain asymptomatic. In 2012, an estimated 8.6 million chronic cases were active. In 2010, 8.8 million new cases of TB were diagnosed, and 1.20–1.45 million deaths occurred, most of these occurring in developing countries. Of these 1.45 million deaths, about 0.35 million occur in those also infected with HIV.", "title": "Tuberculosis" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some agriculturalists also regularly hunt and gather (e.g., farming during the frost-free season and hunting during the winter). Still others in developed countries go hunting, primarily for leisure. In the Brazilian rainforest, those groups that recently did, or even continue to, rely on hunting and gathering techniques seem to have adopted this lifestyle, abandoning most agriculture, as a way to escape colonial control and as a result of the introduction of European diseases reducing their populations to levels where agriculture became difficult.[citation needed][dubious – discuss]", "title": "Hunter-gatherer" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From the years 1500 to 1850, an estimated 3.5 million captives were forcibly shipped from West/Central Africa to Brazil; the territory received the highest number of slaves of any country in the Americas. Scholars estimate that more than half of the Brazilian population is at least in part descended from these individuals. Brazil has the largest population of Afro-descendants outside of Africa. In contrast to the US, during the slavery period and after, the Portuguese colonial government and later Brazilian government did not pass formal anti-miscegenation or segregation laws. As in other Latin countries, intermarriage was prevalent during the colonial period and continued afterward. In addition, people of mixed race (pardo) often tended to marry white, and their descendants became accepted as white. As a result, some of the European descended population also has West African or Amerindian blood. According to the last census of the 20th century, in which Brazilians could choose from five color/ethnic categories with which they identified, 54% of individuals identified as white, 6.2% identified as black, and 39.5% identified as pardo (brown) — a broad multi-racial category, including tri-racial persons.", "title": "Black people" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint-Laurent-des-Bâtons is a former commune in the Dordogne department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Sainte-Alvère-Saint-Laurent-les-Bâtons, which merged into the new commune Val de Louyre et Caudeau on 1 January 2017.", "title": "Saint-Laurent-des-Bâtons" } ]	As a result of the black death it is estimated that the population of the country for Bâton à feu was reduced by how much?	30% to 65%	[]	Title: Bâton à feu Passage: The Bâton à feu, or Baston à feu (French for "Fire stick"), is a type of hand cannon developed in the 14th century in Western Europe. This weapon type corresponds to the portable artillery of the second half of 14th century. Title: Black people Passage: By the 2000 census, demographic changes including the end to slavery, immigration from Europe and Asia, assimilation of multiracial persons, and other factors resulted in a population in which 6.2% of the population identified as black, 40% as pardo, and 55% as white. Essentially most of the black population was absorbed into the multi-racial category by intermixing. A 2007 genetic study found that at least 29% of the middle-class, white Brazilian population had some recent (since 1822 and the end of the colonial period) African ancestry. Title: Tuberculosis Passage: Roughly one-third of the world's population has been infected with M. tuberculosis, with new infections occurring in about 1% of the population each year. However, most infections with M. tuberculosis do not cause TB disease, and 90–95% of infections remain asymptomatic. In 2012, an estimated 8.6 million chronic cases were active. In 2010, 8.8 million new cases of TB were diagnosed, and 1.20–1.45 million deaths occurred, most of these occurring in developing countries. Of these 1.45 million deaths, about 0.35 million occur in those also infected with HIV. Title: Consequences of the Black Death Passage: Consequences of the Black Death included a series of religious, social, and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history. The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1347 and 1350 with 30% to 65% of the population killed. It reduced world population from an estimated 450 million to between 350 and 375 million. It took 80 and in some areas more than 150 years for Europe's population to recover. Title: Myanmar Passage: The provisional results of the 2014 Myanmar Census show that the total population is 51,419,420. This figure includes an estimated 1,206,353 persons in parts of northern Rakhine State, Kachin State and Kayin State who were not counted. People who were out of the country at the time of the census are not included in these figures. There are over 600,000 registered migrant workers from Myanmar in Thailand, and millions more work illegally. Burmese migrant workers account for 80% of Thailand's migrant workers. Population density is 76 per square kilometre (200/sq mi), among the lowest in Southeast Asia. Title: Port-au-Prince Passage: The city of Port - au - Prince is on the Gulf of Gonâve: the bay on which the city lies, which acts as a natural harbor, has sustained economic activity since the civilizations of the Arawaks. It was first incorporated under French colonial rule in 1749. The city's layout is similar to that of an amphitheatre; commercial districts are near the water, while residential neighborhoods are located on the hills above. Its population is difficult to ascertain due to the rapid growth of slums in the hillsides above the city; however, recent estimates place the metropolitan area's population at around 3.7 million, nearly half of the country's national population. The city was catastrophically affected by a devastating earthquake in 2010, with large numbers of structures damaged or destroyed. Haiti's government estimated the death toll to be 230,000. Title: Modern history Passage: It is possible that around 62 million people died in the war; estimates vary greatly. About 60% of all casualties were civilians, who died as a result of disease, starvation, genocide (in particular, the Holocaust), and aerial bombing. The former Soviet Union and China suffered the most casualties. Estimates place deaths in the Soviet Union at around 23 million, while China suffered about 10 million. No country lost a greater portion of its population than Poland: approximately 5.6 million, or 16%, of its pre-war population of 34.8 million died. Title: Black people Passage: From the years 1500 to 1850, an estimated 3.5 million captives were forcibly shipped from West/Central Africa to Brazil; the territory received the highest number of slaves of any country in the Americas. Scholars estimate that more than half of the Brazilian population is at least in part descended from these individuals. Brazil has the largest population of Afro-descendants outside of Africa. In contrast to the US, during the slavery period and after, the Portuguese colonial government and later Brazilian government did not pass formal anti-miscegenation or segregation laws. As in other Latin countries, intermarriage was prevalent during the colonial period and continued afterward. In addition, people of mixed race (pardo) often tended to marry white, and their descendants became accepted as white. As a result, some of the European descended population also has West African or Amerindian blood. According to the last census of the 20th century, in which Brazilians could choose from five color/ethnic categories with which they identified, 54% of individuals identified as white, 6.2% identified as black, and 39.5% identified as pardo (brown) — a broad multi-racial category, including tri-racial persons. Title: Black Death Passage: The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history. Title: Nigeria Passage: The United Nations estimates that the population in 2009 was at 154,729,000, distributed as 51.7% rural and 48.3% urban, and with a population density of 167.5 people per square kilometre. National census results in the past few decades have been disputed. The results of the most recent census were released in December 2006 and gave a population of 140,003,542. The only breakdown available was by gender: males numbered 71,709,859, females numbered 68,293,08. On June 2012, President Goodluck Jonathan said that Nigerians should limit their number of children. Title: Black people Passage: Historians estimate that between the advent of Islam in 650CE and the abolition of slavery in the Arabian Peninsula in the mid-20th century, 10 to 18 million sub-Saharan Black Africans were enslaved by Arab slave traders and transported to the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. This number far exceeded the number of slaves who were taken to the Americas. Several factors affected the visibility of descendants of this diaspora in 21st-century Arab societies: The traders shipped more female slaves than males, as there was a demand for them to serve as concubines in harems in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. Male slaves were castrated in order to serve as harem guards. The death toll of Black African slaves from forced labor was high. The mixed-race children of female slaves and Arab owners were assimilated into the Arab owners' families under the patrilineal kinship system. As a result, few distinctive Afro-Arab black communities have survived in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. Title: Black Death Passage: The most widely accepted estimate for the Middle East, including Iraq, Iran and Syria, during this time, is for a death rate of about a third. The Black Death killed about 40% of Egypt's population. Half of Paris's population of 100,000 people died. In Italy, the population of Florence was reduced from 110–120 thousand inhabitants in 1338 down to 50 thousand in 1351. At least 60% of the population of Hamburg and Bremen perished, and a similar percentage of Londoners may have died from the disease as well. Interestingly while contemporary reports account of mass burial pits being created in response to the large numbers of dead, recent scientific investigations of a burial pit in Central London found well-preserved individuals to be buried in isolated, evenly spaced graves, suggesting at least some pre-planning and Christian burials at this time. Before 1350, there were about 170,000 settlements in Germany, and this was reduced by nearly 40,000 by 1450. In 1348, the plague spread so rapidly that before any physicians or government authorities had time to reflect upon its origins, about a third of the European population had already perished. In crowded cities, it was not uncommon for as much as 50% of the population to die. The disease bypassed some areas, and the most isolated areas were less vulnerable to contagion. Monks and priests were especially hard hit since they cared for victims of the Black Death. Title: Black Death Passage: The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. From there, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30 -- 60% of Europe's total population. In total, the plague may have reduced the world population from an estimated 450 million down to 350 -- 375 million in the 14th century. The world population as a whole did not recover to pre-plague levels until the 17th century. The plague recurred occasionally in Europe until the 19th century. Title: Hunter-gatherer Passage: Some agriculturalists also regularly hunt and gather (e.g., farming during the frost-free season and hunting during the winter). Still others in developed countries go hunting, primarily for leisure. In the Brazilian rainforest, those groups that recently did, or even continue to, rely on hunting and gathering techniques seem to have adopted this lifestyle, abandoning most agriculture, as a way to escape colonial control and as a result of the introduction of European diseases reducing their populations to levels where agriculture became difficult.[citation needed][dubious – discuss] Title: Black Death Passage: In addition to arguing that the rat population was insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique (and arguably in some accounts may differ from bubonic plague); that transference via fleas in goods was likely to be of marginal significance; and that the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere, despite extensive samples from other mass graves. Other arguments include the lack of accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague between the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas; that, despite primitive transport systems, the spread of the Black Death was much faster than that of modern bubonic plague; that mortality rates of the Black Death appear to be very high; that, while modern bubonic plague is largely endemic as a rural disease, the Black Death indiscriminately struck urban and rural areas; and that the pattern of the Black Death, with major outbreaks in the same areas separated by 5 to 15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague—which often becomes endemic for decades with annual flare-ups. Title: List of South American countries by population Passage: Rank Country (or dependent territory) June 30, 2018 projection% of pop. Average relative annual growth (%) Average absolute annual growth Estimated doubling time (years) Official figure (where available) Date of last figure Source Brazil 209,100,000 49.36 0.86 1,750,000 81 209,690,000 August 24, 2018 Official population clock Colombia 49,755,000 11.64 1.16 555,000 60 49,887,000 August 24, 2018 Official population clock Argentina 44,100,000 10.41 1.09 463,000 64 43,590,368 July 1, 2016 Official estimate Peru 32,657,800 7.52 1.10 338,000 64 31,488,625 June 30, 2016 Official estimate Venezuela 31,568,000 7.39 1.37 414,000 51 31,028,637 2016 Official estimate 6 Chile 18,006,000 4.35 1.05 187,000 66 18,191,884 2016 Official estimate 7 Ecuador 16,279,000 3.93 1.57 252,000 44 17,083,400 August 24, 2018 Official population clock 8 Bolivia 10,520,000 2.54 1.73 179,000 40 10,985,059 2016 Official estimate 9 Paraguay 7,003,000 1.69 1.58 109,000 44 6,854,536 2016 Official estimate 10 Uruguay 3,310,000 0.80 0.18 6,000 382 3,480,222 June 30, 2016 Official estimate 11 Guyana 747,000 0.18 0.00 0 - 747,884 September 15, 2012 Preliminary 2012 census result 12 Suriname 560,000 0.14 1.08 6,000 64 541,638 August 13, 2012 Final 2012 census result 13 French Guiana (France) 262,000 0.06 2.75 7,000 26 239,648 January 1, 2012 Official estimate 14 Falkland Islands (UK) 3,000 0.00 0.00 0 - 2,563 April 15, 2012 Final 2012 census result Total 414,663,000 100.00 1.04 4,266,000 67 Title: Solar energy Passage: Urban heat islands (UHI) are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than that of the surrounding environment. The higher temperatures are a result of increased absorption of the Solar light by urban materials such as asphalt and concrete, which have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than those in the natural environment. A straightforward method of counteracting the UHI effect is to paint buildings and roads white and plant trees. Using these methods, a hypothetical "cool communities" program in Los Angeles has projected that urban temperatures could be reduced by approximately 3 °C at an estimated cost of US$1 billion, giving estimated total annual benefits of US$530 million from reduced air-conditioning costs and healthcare savings. Title: Gastroenteritis Passage: It is estimated that there were two billion cases of gastroenteritis that resulted in 1.3 million deaths globally in 2015. Children and those in the developing world are most commonly affected. As of 2011, in those less than five, there were about 1.7 billion cases resulting in 0.7 million deaths, with most of these occurring in the world's poorest nations. More than 450,000 of these fatalities are due to rotavirus in children under 5 years of age. Cholera causes about three to five million cases of disease and kills approximately 100,000 people yearly. In the developing world, children less than two years of age frequently get six or more infections a year that result in significant gastroenteritis. It is less common in adults, partly due to the development of acquired immunity.In 1980, gastroenteritis from all causes caused 4.6 million deaths in children, with the majority occurring in the developing world. Death rates were reduced significantly (to approximately 1.5 million deaths annually) by the year 2000, largely due to the introduction and widespread use of oral rehydration therapy. In the US, infections causing gastroenteritis are the second most common infection (after the common cold), and they result in between 200 and 375 million cases of acute diarrhea and approximately ten thousand deaths annually, with 150 to 300 of these deaths in children less than five years of age. Title: Saint-Laurent-des-Bâtons Passage: Saint-Laurent-des-Bâtons is a former commune in the Dordogne department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Sainte-Alvère-Saint-Laurent-les-Bâtons, which merged into the new commune Val de Louyre et Caudeau on 1 January 2017. Title: Black Death Passage: The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.	[ "Bâton à feu", "Consequences of the Black Death" ]
2hop__507722_124896	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Philip Sendak (September 15, 1894 – June 1970) was a children's literature author. He is the father of the author and illustrator Maurice Sendak, winner of the Caldecott Medal, and the children's author Jack Sendak.", "title": "Philip Sendak" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guy Sajer (born Guy Mouminoux, 13 January 1927 in Paris), is a French writer, author of \"Le soldat oublié\" (1965, translated as \"The Forgotten Soldier\"), and a cartoonist under the pen names Dimitri, and Dimitri Lahache. He is the son of a French father and a German mother: Sajer is his mother's maiden name.", "title": "Guy Sajer" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "László Passuth (Budapest, Hungary July 15, 1900- Balatonfüred, Hungary June 19, 1979) was a prolific Hungarian author of historical novels and translator. He is the father of art historian, Krisztina Passuth.", "title": "László Passuth" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lorenzo , (San Severino Marche circa 1455–1503) was an Italian painter and interpreter of late gothic style. He is known by different authorities and authors by different names, including:", "title": "Lorenzo d'Alessandro" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jane Leslie Conly (born 1948) is an American author, the daughter of author Robert C. O'Brien. She started her literary work by finishing the manuscript for her father's \"Z for Zachariah\" in 1974 after his death.", "title": "Jane Leslie Conly" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hugi Glacier () is a glacier flowing northward into the head of Holtedahl Bay southwest of Rasnik Peak, on the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was charted by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill, 1934–37, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 for Franz Joseph Hugi, a Swiss teacher who was called the \"father of winter mountaineering,\" and was author of two pioneer works on glacier phenomena.", "title": "Hugi Glacier" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of Latin canon law can be divided into four periods: the jus antiquum, the jus novum, the jus novissimum and the Code of Canon Law. In relation to the Code, history can be divided into the jus vetus (all law before the Code) and the jus novum (the law of the Code, or jus codicis).", "title": "Canon law" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Wallechinsky was born in Los Angeles to a Jewish family, the son of writer Sylvia Kahn and the author and screenwriter Irving Wallace. His younger sister was fellow author Amy Wallace, a \"witch\" of Carlos Castaneda who co-wrote many books with him and their father and authored \"Sorcerer's Apprentice: My Life with Carlos Castaneda\" in 2003.", "title": "David Wallechinsky" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eberhard Nestle (May 1, 1851, Stuttgart – March 9, 1913, Stuttgart) was a German biblical scholar, textual critic, orientalist, editor of Novum Testamentum Graece, and the father of Erwin Nestle.", "title": "Eberhard Nestle" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charlotte Brooke, (c. 1740 – 1793), born in Rantavan, beside Mullagh in County Cavan, Ireland, was the author of \"Reliques of Irish Poetry\", a pioneering volume of poems collected by her in the Irish language, with facing translations. She was one of twenty-two children fathered by the writer Henry Brooke, author of \"Gustavus Vasa\"; only she (and perhaps one other sibling) survived childhood.", "title": "Charlotte Brooke" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liz Greene (born 4 September 1946 in Englewood, New Jersey, United States) is an American-British astrologer, psychologist and author. Her father was born in London, and her mother in the United States.", "title": "Liz Greene" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Francis Bacon was born on 22 January 1561 at York House near the Strand in London, the son of Sir Nicholas Bacon (Lord Keeper of the Great Seal) by his second wife, Anne (Cooke) Bacon, the daughter of the noted humanist Anthony Cooke. His mother's sister was married to William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, making Burghley Bacon's uncle.", "title": "Francis Bacon" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arthur Hugh Garfit Alston (born in West Ashby on 4 September 1902; died in Barcelona on 17 March 1958) was an English botanist. His father was a vicar and amateur naturalist who first got him interested in the field. A.H.G. Alston later received his B.A. from the University of Oxford. He went on to work at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the colonial Department of Agriculture in Ceylon. He joined the Linnean Society of London in 1927. This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation Alston when citing a botanical name.", "title": "Arthur Hugh Garfit Alston" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Novum Organum, fully Novum Organum, sive indicia vera de Interpretatione Naturae (New organon, or true directions concerning the interpretation of nature), is a philosophical work by Francis Bacon, written in Latin and published in 1620. The title is a reference to Aristotle's work \"Organon\", which was his treatise on logic and syllogism. In \"Novum Organum\", Bacon details a new system of logic he believes to be superior to the old ways of syllogism. This is now known as the Baconian method.", "title": "Novum Organum" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harry Neal Baum (December 18, 1889 – June 7, 1967) was an American author and the third son of L. Frank Baum. His father dedicated his 1902 novel \"The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus\" to him.", "title": "Harry Neal Baum" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stanisław Jachowicz (17 April 1796 in Dzików near Tarnobrzeg - 24 December 1857 in Warsaw) was a Polish educator, poet and children books author. He is regarded as the founding father of children literature in Poland.", "title": "Stanisław Jachowicz" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jonathan Downes (born 1959) is a naturalist, cryptozoologist, author, editor, film-maker, poet, novelist, activist, journalist, composer and singer-songwriter, with a background in radical politics and mental health care. He is Director of the Centre for Fortean Zoology. His father, the explorer and Colonial Service Officer J. T. Downes (1925–2006), wrote several books on a wide range of subjects, such as African history, theology and the Devonshire dialect. His mother Mary Downes (née Rawlins) (1922–2002) was a broadcaster and author who published several collections of Nigerian folklore under the pen-name `Yar Kunama`.", "title": "Jonathan Downes" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "André Antoine (31 January 185823 October 1943) was a French actor, theatre manager, film director, author, and critic who is considered the father of modern mise en scène in France.", "title": "André Antoine" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alfons Mitgutsch, known as Ali Mitgutsch, born August 21, 1935 in Munich, Germany, is a German author of picture books and a professional advertising Illustrator. He is known as father of the Wimmelbilder-books.", "title": "Ali Mitgutsch" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ullmannite was named for German chemist and mineralogist, Johann Christoph Ullmann (1771–1821), one of the fathers of systematic mineralogy. Ullmann established a mineral collection (now the basis for the internationally renowned Museum of Mineralogy in Marburg )and authored \"Ein Systematisch-Tabellarische Übersicht der Mineralogisch einfachen Fossilien\", one of the first attempts to provide a structured organization to the observed minerals of the day.", "title": "Ullmannite" } ]	Who is the father of the author of Novum Organum?	Nicholas Bacon	[ "Sir Nicholas Bacon" ]	Title: Jonathan Downes Passage: Jonathan Downes (born 1959) is a naturalist, cryptozoologist, author, editor, film-maker, poet, novelist, activist, journalist, composer and singer-songwriter, with a background in radical politics and mental health care. He is Director of the Centre for Fortean Zoology. His father, the explorer and Colonial Service Officer J. T. Downes (1925–2006), wrote several books on a wide range of subjects, such as African history, theology and the Devonshire dialect. His mother Mary Downes (née Rawlins) (1922–2002) was a broadcaster and author who published several collections of Nigerian folklore under the pen-name `Yar Kunama`. Title: Eberhard Nestle Passage: Eberhard Nestle (May 1, 1851, Stuttgart – March 9, 1913, Stuttgart) was a German biblical scholar, textual critic, orientalist, editor of Novum Testamentum Graece, and the father of Erwin Nestle. Title: Ali Mitgutsch Passage: Alfons Mitgutsch, known as Ali Mitgutsch, born August 21, 1935 in Munich, Germany, is a German author of picture books and a professional advertising Illustrator. He is known as father of the Wimmelbilder-books. Title: Ullmannite Passage: Ullmannite was named for German chemist and mineralogist, Johann Christoph Ullmann (1771–1821), one of the fathers of systematic mineralogy. Ullmann established a mineral collection (now the basis for the internationally renowned Museum of Mineralogy in Marburg )and authored "Ein Systematisch-Tabellarische Übersicht der Mineralogisch einfachen Fossilien", one of the first attempts to provide a structured organization to the observed minerals of the day. Title: Guy Sajer Passage: Guy Sajer (born Guy Mouminoux, 13 January 1927 in Paris), is a French writer, author of "Le soldat oublié" (1965, translated as "The Forgotten Soldier"), and a cartoonist under the pen names Dimitri, and Dimitri Lahache. He is the son of a French father and a German mother: Sajer is his mother's maiden name. Title: Liz Greene Passage: Liz Greene (born 4 September 1946 in Englewood, New Jersey, United States) is an American-British astrologer, psychologist and author. Her father was born in London, and her mother in the United States. Title: Arthur Hugh Garfit Alston Passage: Arthur Hugh Garfit Alston (born in West Ashby on 4 September 1902; died in Barcelona on 17 March 1958) was an English botanist. His father was a vicar and amateur naturalist who first got him interested in the field. A.H.G. Alston later received his B.A. from the University of Oxford. He went on to work at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the colonial Department of Agriculture in Ceylon. He joined the Linnean Society of London in 1927. This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation Alston when citing a botanical name. Title: Francis Bacon Passage: Francis Bacon was born on 22 January 1561 at York House near the Strand in London, the son of Sir Nicholas Bacon (Lord Keeper of the Great Seal) by his second wife, Anne (Cooke) Bacon, the daughter of the noted humanist Anthony Cooke. His mother's sister was married to William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, making Burghley Bacon's uncle. Title: Hugi Glacier Passage: Hugi Glacier () is a glacier flowing northward into the head of Holtedahl Bay southwest of Rasnik Peak, on the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was charted by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill, 1934–37, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 for Franz Joseph Hugi, a Swiss teacher who was called the "father of winter mountaineering," and was author of two pioneer works on glacier phenomena. Title: Charlotte Brooke Passage: Charlotte Brooke, (c. 1740 – 1793), born in Rantavan, beside Mullagh in County Cavan, Ireland, was the author of "Reliques of Irish Poetry", a pioneering volume of poems collected by her in the Irish language, with facing translations. She was one of twenty-two children fathered by the writer Henry Brooke, author of "Gustavus Vasa"; only she (and perhaps one other sibling) survived childhood. Title: Stanisław Jachowicz Passage: Stanisław Jachowicz (17 April 1796 in Dzików near Tarnobrzeg - 24 December 1857 in Warsaw) was a Polish educator, poet and children books author. He is regarded as the founding father of children literature in Poland. Title: Jane Leslie Conly Passage: Jane Leslie Conly (born 1948) is an American author, the daughter of author Robert C. O'Brien. She started her literary work by finishing the manuscript for her father's "Z for Zachariah" in 1974 after his death. Title: André Antoine Passage: André Antoine (31 January 185823 October 1943) was a French actor, theatre manager, film director, author, and critic who is considered the father of modern mise en scène in France. Title: Philip Sendak Passage: Philip Sendak (September 15, 1894 – June 1970) was a children's literature author. He is the father of the author and illustrator Maurice Sendak, winner of the Caldecott Medal, and the children's author Jack Sendak. Title: Novum Organum Passage: The Novum Organum, fully Novum Organum, sive indicia vera de Interpretatione Naturae (New organon, or true directions concerning the interpretation of nature), is a philosophical work by Francis Bacon, written in Latin and published in 1620. The title is a reference to Aristotle's work "Organon", which was his treatise on logic and syllogism. In "Novum Organum", Bacon details a new system of logic he believes to be superior to the old ways of syllogism. This is now known as the Baconian method. Title: Canon law Passage: The history of Latin canon law can be divided into four periods: the jus antiquum, the jus novum, the jus novissimum and the Code of Canon Law. In relation to the Code, history can be divided into the jus vetus (all law before the Code) and the jus novum (the law of the Code, or jus codicis). Title: Harry Neal Baum Passage: Harry Neal Baum (December 18, 1889 – June 7, 1967) was an American author and the third son of L. Frank Baum. His father dedicated his 1902 novel "The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus" to him. Title: László Passuth Passage: László Passuth (Budapest, Hungary July 15, 1900- Balatonfüred, Hungary June 19, 1979) was a prolific Hungarian author of historical novels and translator. He is the father of art historian, Krisztina Passuth. Title: David Wallechinsky Passage: David Wallechinsky was born in Los Angeles to a Jewish family, the son of writer Sylvia Kahn and the author and screenwriter Irving Wallace. His younger sister was fellow author Amy Wallace, a "witch" of Carlos Castaneda who co-wrote many books with him and their father and authored "Sorcerer's Apprentice: My Life with Carlos Castaneda" in 2003. Title: Lorenzo d'Alessandro Passage: Lorenzo , (San Severino Marche circa 1455–1503) was an Italian painter and interpreter of late gothic style. He is known by different authorities and authors by different names, including:	[ "Francis Bacon", "Novum Organum" ]
2hop__486392_35739	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One of Windows 10's most notable features is support for universal apps, an expansion of the Metro - style apps first introduced in Windows 8. Universal apps can be designed to run across multiple Microsoft product families with nearly identical code‍ -- ‌including PCs, tablets, smartphones, embedded systems, Xbox One, Surface Hub and Mixed Reality. The Windows user interface was revised to handle transitions between a mouse - oriented interface and a touchscreen - optimized interface based on available input devices‍ -- ‌particularly on 2 - in - 1 PCs, both interfaces include an updated Start menu which incorporates elements of Windows 7's traditional Start menu with the tiles of Windows 8. Windows 10 also introduced the Microsoft Edge web browser, a virtual desktop system, a window and desktop management feature called Task View, support for fingerprint and face recognition login, new security features for enterprise environments, and DirectX 12.", "title": "Windows 10" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire Developer (s) Obsidian Entertainment Publisher (s) Versus Evil Director (s) Josh Sawyer Designer (s) Bobby Null Programmer (s) Adam Brennecke Artist (s) Kaz Aruga Writer (s) Carrie Patel Josh Sawyer Composer (s) Justin E. Bell Engine Unity Platform (s) Microsoft Windows Linux macOS Nintendo Switch PlayStation 4 Xbox One Release Windows, Linux, macOS May 8, 2018 Switch, PS4, Xbox One Q4 2018 Genre (s) Role - playing Mode (s) Single - player", "title": "Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spider Solitaire, also known as Microsoft Spider Solitaire (Spider in the About box in some versions), is a solitaire card game that is included in Microsoft Windows. It is a version of Spider. , it was the most played game on Windows PCs, surpassing the shorter and less challenging Klondike-based Windows Solitaire.", "title": "Microsoft Spider Solitaire" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On August 1, 2012, Windows 8 (build 9200) was released to manufacturing with the build number 6.2.9200.16384 . Microsoft planned to hold a launch event on October 25, 2012 and release Windows 8 for general availability on the next day. However, only a day after its release to manufacturing, a copy of the final version of Windows 8 Enterprise N (a version for European markets lacking bundled media players to comply with a court ruling) leaked online, followed by leaks of the final versions of Windows 8 Pro and Enterprise a few days later. On August 15, 2012, Windows 8 was made available to download for MSDN and TechNet subscribers. Windows 8 was made available to Software Assurance customers on August 16, 2012. Windows 8 was made available for students with a DreamSpark Premium subscription on August 22, 2012, earlier than advertised.", "title": "Windows 8" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Windows 8 development started before Windows 7 had shipped in 2009. At the Consumer Electronics Show in January 2011, it was announced that the next version of Windows would add support for ARM system-on-chips alongside the existing x86 processors produced by vendors, especially AMD and Intel. Windows division president Steven Sinofsky demonstrated an early build of the port on prototype devices, while Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer announced the company's goal for Windows to be \"everywhere on every kind of device without compromise.\" Details also began to surface about a new application framework for Windows 8 codenamed \"Jupiter\", which would be used to make \"immersive\" applications using XAML (similarly to Windows Phone and Silverlight) that could be distributed via a new packaging system and a rumored application store.", "title": "Windows 8" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The developers of both Chrome and Firefox committed to developing Metro-style versions of their browsers; while Chrome's \"Windows 8 mode\" uses a full-screen version of the existing desktop interface, Firefox's version (which was first made available on the \"Aurora\" release channel in September 2013) uses a touch-optimized interface inspired by the Android version of Firefox. In October 2013, Chrome's app was changed to mimic the desktop environment used by Chrome OS. Development of the Firefox app for Windows 8 has since been cancelled, citing a lack of user adoption for the beta versions.", "title": "Windows 8" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Unlike its predecessor, Windows Server 2012 has no support for Itanium - based computers, and has four editions. Various features were added or improved over Windows Server 2008 R2 (with many placing an emphasis on cloud computing), such as an updated version of Hyper - V, an IP address management role, a new version of Windows Task Manager, and ReFS, a new file system. Windows Server 2012 received generally good reviews in spite of having included the same controversial Metro - based user interface seen in Windows 8.", "title": "Windows Server 2012" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Windows 7 Service Pack 1 (SP1) was announced on March 18, 2010. A beta was released on July 12, 2010. The final version was released to the public on February 22, 2011. At the time of release, it was not made mandatory. It was available via Windows Update, direct download, or by ordering the Windows 7 SP1 DVD. The service pack is on a much smaller scale than those released for previous versions of Windows, particularly Windows Vista.", "title": "Windows 7" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Windows Media Encoder (WME) is a discontinued, freeware media encoder developed by Microsoft which enables content developers to convert or capture both live and prerecorded audio, video, and computer screen images to Windows Media formats for live and on-demand delivery. It is the successor of NetShow Encoder. The download page reports that it is not supported on Windows 7. WME has been replaced by a free version of Microsoft Expression Encoder. The Media 8 Encoding Utility is still listed. WME was available in both 32-bit and 64-bit versions.", "title": "Windows Media Encoder" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent Developer (s) Frictional Games Publisher (s) Frictional Games Designer (s) Thomas Grip Jens Nilsson Programmer (s) Thomas Grip Luis Rodero Morales Artist (s) Marcus Johansson Marc Nicander Writer (s) Mikael Hedberg Composer (s) Mikko Tarmia Engine HPL Engine 2 Platform (s) Microsoft Windows Mac OS X Linux PlayStation 4 Release Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux WW: 8 September 2010 PlayStation 4 WW: 22 November 2016 Genre (s) Survival horror Mode (s) Single - player", "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "GNU IceCat, formerly known as GNU IceWeasel, is a free software rebranding of the Mozilla Firefox web browser distributed by the GNU Project. It is compatible with GNU/Linux, Windows, Android and macOS.", "title": "GNU IceCat" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 6, 2005, Microsoft released a Beta version of Microsoft AntiSpyware, based upon the previously released Giant AntiSpyware. On February 14, 2006, Microsoft AntiSpyware became Windows Defender with the release of Beta 2. Windows Defender is a freeware program designed to protect against spyware and other unwanted software. Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 users who have genuine copies of Microsoft Windows can freely download the program from Microsoft's web site, and Windows Defender ships as part of Windows Vista and 7. In Windows 8, Windows Defender and Microsoft Security Essentials have been combined into a single program, named Windows Defender. It is based on Microsoft Security Essentials, borrowing its features and user interface. Although it is enabled by default, it can be turned off to use another anti-virus solution. Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool and the optional Microsoft Safety Scanner are two other free security products offered by Microsoft. In the Windows 10 Anniversary Update, Microsoft introduced the Limited Periodic Scanning feature, which allows Windows Defender to scan, detect, and remove any threats that third-party anti-virus software missed. The Advanced Threat Protection service is introduced for enterprise users. The new service uses cloud service to detect and take actions on advanced network attacks.", "title": "Microsoft Windows" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Egypt Kids is an educational video game, released in 2001 for Windows-based PCs. It was developed by EMG and published by Cryo Interactive under the \"Cryo Kids\" brand. The game was made in association with Réunion des Musées Nationaux. The Russian version was localised by Nival Interactive. The game is available in English, French, Italian, German, Spanish, and Polish.", "title": "Egypt Kids" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "To prevent piracy of films, the standard drill of film distribution is to have a movie first released through movie theaters (theatrical window), on average approximately 16 and a half weeks, before having it released to Blu-Ray and DVD (entering its video window). During the theatrical window, digital versions of films are often transported in data storage devices by couriers rather than by data transmission. The data can be encrypted, with the key being made to work only at specific times in order to prevent leakage between screens. Coded Anti-Piracy marks can be added to films to identify the source of illegal copies and shut them down. As a result of these measures, the only versions of films available for piracy during the theatrical window are usually \"cams\" made by video recordings of the movie screens, which are of inferior quality compared to the original film version.", "title": "Copyright infringement" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The upgrade addressed a number of criticisms faced by Windows 8 upon its release, with additional customization options for the Start screen, the restoration of a visible Start button on the desktop, the ability to snap up to four apps on a single display, and the ability to boot to the desktop instead of the Start screen. Windows 8's stock apps were also updated, a new Bing-based unified search system was added, SkyDrive was given deeper integration with the operating system, and a number of new stock apps, along with a tutorial, were added. Windows 8.1 also added support for 3D printing, Miracast media streaming, NFC printing, and Wi-Fi Direct.", "title": "Windows 8" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The three desktop editions of Windows 8 support 32-bit and 64-bit architectures; retail copies of Windows 8 include install DVDs for both architectures, while the online installer automatically installs the version corresponding with the architecture of the system's existing Windows installation. The 32-bit version runs on CPUs compatible with x86 architecture 3rd generation (known as IA-32) or newer, and can run 32-bit and 16-bit applications, although 16-bit support must be enabled first. (16-bit applications are developed for CPUs compatible with x86 2nd generation, first conceived in 1978. Microsoft started moving away from this architecture after Windows 95.)", "title": "Windows 8" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "OS version Latest release Latest update Windows 3.0 3.0 3.0. 4 Windows 3.1 x 4.0 4.0. 1 Windows NT 3.5 3.0 3.0. 5 Windows NT 3.51 4.0 4.0. 1 Windows 95 5.5 Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows NT 4.0 7 7.0. 1 Windows 2000 CS2 9.0. 2 Windows XP CS6 13.0. 1 Windows Vista CS5. 1 12.0. 4 Windows 8 CC 2014 15.2. 2 Windows 10 Build 1607 CC 2018 19.1. 6 Windows 7, Windows 8.1 and Windows 10 CC 2019 20.0. 0 (current)", "title": "Adobe Photoshop version history" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On April 14, 2009, Windows XP exited mainstream support and entered the Extended support phase; Microsoft continued to provide security updates every month for Windows XP; however, free technical support, warranty claims, and design changes were no longer being offered. Extended support ended on April 8, 2014, over 12 years since the release of XP; normally Microsoft products have a support life cycle of only 10 years. Beyond the final security updates released on April 8, no more security patches or support information are provided for XP free - of - charge; ``critical patches ''will still be created, and made available only to customers subscribing to a paid`` Custom Support'' plan. As it is a Windows component, all versions of Internet Explorer for Windows XP also became unsupported.", "title": "Windows XP" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Windows 8 surpassed Windows Vista in market share with a 5.1% usage rate according to numbers posted in July 2013 by Net Applications, with usage on a steady upward trajectory. However, intake of Windows 8 still lags behind that of Windows Vista and Windows 7 at the same point in their release cycles. Windows 8's tablet market share has also been growing steadily, with 7.4% of tablets running Windows in Q1 2013 according to Strategy Analytics, up from nothing just a year before. However, this is still well below Android and iOS, which posted 43.4% and 48.2% market share respectively, although both operating systems have been on the market much longer than Windows 8. Strategy Analytics also noted \"a shortage of top tier apps\" for Windows tablets despite Microsoft strategy of paying developers to create apps for the operating system (in addition to for Windows Phone).", "title": "Windows 8" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New security features in Windows 8 include two new authentication methods tailored towards touchscreens (PINs and picture passwords), the addition of antivirus capabilities to Windows Defender (bringing it in parity with Microsoft Security Essentials). SmartScreen filtering integrated into Windows, Family Safety offers Parental controls, which allows parents to monitor and manage their children's activities on a device with activity reports and safety controls. Windows 8 also provides integrated system recovery through the new \"Refresh\" and \"Reset\" functions, including system recovery from USB drive. Windows 8's first security patches would be released on November 13, 2012; it would contain three fixes deemed \"critical\" by the company.", "title": "Windows 8" } ]	When was the version of Windows 8 from the company that Iceweasel was based on made accessible?	September 2013	[]	Title: Windows 8 Passage: New security features in Windows 8 include two new authentication methods tailored towards touchscreens (PINs and picture passwords), the addition of antivirus capabilities to Windows Defender (bringing it in parity with Microsoft Security Essentials). SmartScreen filtering integrated into Windows, Family Safety offers Parental controls, which allows parents to monitor and manage their children's activities on a device with activity reports and safety controls. Windows 8 also provides integrated system recovery through the new "Refresh" and "Reset" functions, including system recovery from USB drive. Windows 8's first security patches would be released on November 13, 2012; it would contain three fixes deemed "critical" by the company. Title: Windows 7 Passage: Windows 7 Service Pack 1 (SP1) was announced on March 18, 2010. A beta was released on July 12, 2010. The final version was released to the public on February 22, 2011. At the time of release, it was not made mandatory. It was available via Windows Update, direct download, or by ordering the Windows 7 SP1 DVD. The service pack is on a much smaller scale than those released for previous versions of Windows, particularly Windows Vista. Title: Egypt Kids Passage: Egypt Kids is an educational video game, released in 2001 for Windows-based PCs. It was developed by EMG and published by Cryo Interactive under the "Cryo Kids" brand. The game was made in association with Réunion des Musées Nationaux. The Russian version was localised by Nival Interactive. The game is available in English, French, Italian, German, Spanish, and Polish. Title: Windows 8 Passage: The three desktop editions of Windows 8 support 32-bit and 64-bit architectures; retail copies of Windows 8 include install DVDs for both architectures, while the online installer automatically installs the version corresponding with the architecture of the system's existing Windows installation. The 32-bit version runs on CPUs compatible with x86 architecture 3rd generation (known as IA-32) or newer, and can run 32-bit and 16-bit applications, although 16-bit support must be enabled first. (16-bit applications are developed for CPUs compatible with x86 2nd generation, first conceived in 1978. Microsoft started moving away from this architecture after Windows 95.) Title: Windows Server 2012 Passage: Unlike its predecessor, Windows Server 2012 has no support for Itanium - based computers, and has four editions. Various features were added or improved over Windows Server 2008 R2 (with many placing an emphasis on cloud computing), such as an updated version of Hyper - V, an IP address management role, a new version of Windows Task Manager, and ReFS, a new file system. Windows Server 2012 received generally good reviews in spite of having included the same controversial Metro - based user interface seen in Windows 8. Title: Windows 8 Passage: The developers of both Chrome and Firefox committed to developing Metro-style versions of their browsers; while Chrome's "Windows 8 mode" uses a full-screen version of the existing desktop interface, Firefox's version (which was first made available on the "Aurora" release channel in September 2013) uses a touch-optimized interface inspired by the Android version of Firefox. In October 2013, Chrome's app was changed to mimic the desktop environment used by Chrome OS. Development of the Firefox app for Windows 8 has since been cancelled, citing a lack of user adoption for the beta versions. Title: Amnesia: The Dark Descent Passage: Amnesia: The Dark Descent Developer (s) Frictional Games Publisher (s) Frictional Games Designer (s) Thomas Grip Jens Nilsson Programmer (s) Thomas Grip Luis Rodero Morales Artist (s) Marcus Johansson Marc Nicander Writer (s) Mikael Hedberg Composer (s) Mikko Tarmia Engine HPL Engine 2 Platform (s) Microsoft Windows Mac OS X Linux PlayStation 4 Release Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux WW: 8 September 2010 PlayStation 4 WW: 22 November 2016 Genre (s) Survival horror Mode (s) Single - player Title: Windows 8 Passage: Windows 8 surpassed Windows Vista in market share with a 5.1% usage rate according to numbers posted in July 2013 by Net Applications, with usage on a steady upward trajectory. However, intake of Windows 8 still lags behind that of Windows Vista and Windows 7 at the same point in their release cycles. Windows 8's tablet market share has also been growing steadily, with 7.4% of tablets running Windows in Q1 2013 according to Strategy Analytics, up from nothing just a year before. However, this is still well below Android and iOS, which posted 43.4% and 48.2% market share respectively, although both operating systems have been on the market much longer than Windows 8. Strategy Analytics also noted "a shortage of top tier apps" for Windows tablets despite Microsoft strategy of paying developers to create apps for the operating system (in addition to for Windows Phone). Title: Microsoft Windows Passage: On January 6, 2005, Microsoft released a Beta version of Microsoft AntiSpyware, based upon the previously released Giant AntiSpyware. On February 14, 2006, Microsoft AntiSpyware became Windows Defender with the release of Beta 2. Windows Defender is a freeware program designed to protect against spyware and other unwanted software. Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 users who have genuine copies of Microsoft Windows can freely download the program from Microsoft's web site, and Windows Defender ships as part of Windows Vista and 7. In Windows 8, Windows Defender and Microsoft Security Essentials have been combined into a single program, named Windows Defender. It is based on Microsoft Security Essentials, borrowing its features and user interface. Although it is enabled by default, it can be turned off to use another anti-virus solution. Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool and the optional Microsoft Safety Scanner are two other free security products offered by Microsoft. In the Windows 10 Anniversary Update, Microsoft introduced the Limited Periodic Scanning feature, which allows Windows Defender to scan, detect, and remove any threats that third-party anti-virus software missed. The Advanced Threat Protection service is introduced for enterprise users. The new service uses cloud service to detect and take actions on advanced network attacks. Title: GNU IceCat Passage: GNU IceCat, formerly known as GNU IceWeasel, is a free software rebranding of the Mozilla Firefox web browser distributed by the GNU Project. It is compatible with GNU/Linux, Windows, Android and macOS. Title: Windows Media Encoder Passage: Windows Media Encoder (WME) is a discontinued, freeware media encoder developed by Microsoft which enables content developers to convert or capture both live and prerecorded audio, video, and computer screen images to Windows Media formats for live and on-demand delivery. It is the successor of NetShow Encoder. The download page reports that it is not supported on Windows 7. WME has been replaced by a free version of Microsoft Expression Encoder. The Media 8 Encoding Utility is still listed. WME was available in both 32-bit and 64-bit versions. Title: Windows 8 Passage: On August 1, 2012, Windows 8 (build 9200) was released to manufacturing with the build number 6.2.9200.16384 . Microsoft planned to hold a launch event on October 25, 2012 and release Windows 8 for general availability on the next day. However, only a day after its release to manufacturing, a copy of the final version of Windows 8 Enterprise N (a version for European markets lacking bundled media players to comply with a court ruling) leaked online, followed by leaks of the final versions of Windows 8 Pro and Enterprise a few days later. On August 15, 2012, Windows 8 was made available to download for MSDN and TechNet subscribers. Windows 8 was made available to Software Assurance customers on August 16, 2012. Windows 8 was made available for students with a DreamSpark Premium subscription on August 22, 2012, earlier than advertised. Title: Windows 8 Passage: Windows 8 development started before Windows 7 had shipped in 2009. At the Consumer Electronics Show in January 2011, it was announced that the next version of Windows would add support for ARM system-on-chips alongside the existing x86 processors produced by vendors, especially AMD and Intel. Windows division president Steven Sinofsky demonstrated an early build of the port on prototype devices, while Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer announced the company's goal for Windows to be "everywhere on every kind of device without compromise." Details also began to surface about a new application framework for Windows 8 codenamed "Jupiter", which would be used to make "immersive" applications using XAML (similarly to Windows Phone and Silverlight) that could be distributed via a new packaging system and a rumored application store. Title: Windows XP Passage: On April 14, 2009, Windows XP exited mainstream support and entered the Extended support phase; Microsoft continued to provide security updates every month for Windows XP; however, free technical support, warranty claims, and design changes were no longer being offered. Extended support ended on April 8, 2014, over 12 years since the release of XP; normally Microsoft products have a support life cycle of only 10 years. Beyond the final security updates released on April 8, no more security patches or support information are provided for XP free - of - charge; ``critical patches ''will still be created, and made available only to customers subscribing to a paid`` Custom Support'' plan. As it is a Windows component, all versions of Internet Explorer for Windows XP also became unsupported. Title: Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire Passage: Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire Developer (s) Obsidian Entertainment Publisher (s) Versus Evil Director (s) Josh Sawyer Designer (s) Bobby Null Programmer (s) Adam Brennecke Artist (s) Kaz Aruga Writer (s) Carrie Patel Josh Sawyer Composer (s) Justin E. Bell Engine Unity Platform (s) Microsoft Windows Linux macOS Nintendo Switch PlayStation 4 Xbox One Release Windows, Linux, macOS May 8, 2018 Switch, PS4, Xbox One Q4 2018 Genre (s) Role - playing Mode (s) Single - player Title: Copyright infringement Passage: To prevent piracy of films, the standard drill of film distribution is to have a movie first released through movie theaters (theatrical window), on average approximately 16 and a half weeks, before having it released to Blu-Ray and DVD (entering its video window). During the theatrical window, digital versions of films are often transported in data storage devices by couriers rather than by data transmission. The data can be encrypted, with the key being made to work only at specific times in order to prevent leakage between screens. Coded Anti-Piracy marks can be added to films to identify the source of illegal copies and shut them down. As a result of these measures, the only versions of films available for piracy during the theatrical window are usually "cams" made by video recordings of the movie screens, which are of inferior quality compared to the original film version. Title: Windows 8 Passage: The upgrade addressed a number of criticisms faced by Windows 8 upon its release, with additional customization options for the Start screen, the restoration of a visible Start button on the desktop, the ability to snap up to four apps on a single display, and the ability to boot to the desktop instead of the Start screen. Windows 8's stock apps were also updated, a new Bing-based unified search system was added, SkyDrive was given deeper integration with the operating system, and a number of new stock apps, along with a tutorial, were added. Windows 8.1 also added support for 3D printing, Miracast media streaming, NFC printing, and Wi-Fi Direct. Title: Windows 10 Passage: One of Windows 10's most notable features is support for universal apps, an expansion of the Metro - style apps first introduced in Windows 8. Universal apps can be designed to run across multiple Microsoft product families with nearly identical code‍ -- ‌including PCs, tablets, smartphones, embedded systems, Xbox One, Surface Hub and Mixed Reality. The Windows user interface was revised to handle transitions between a mouse - oriented interface and a touchscreen - optimized interface based on available input devices‍ -- ‌particularly on 2 - in - 1 PCs, both interfaces include an updated Start menu which incorporates elements of Windows 7's traditional Start menu with the tiles of Windows 8. Windows 10 also introduced the Microsoft Edge web browser, a virtual desktop system, a window and desktop management feature called Task View, support for fingerprint and face recognition login, new security features for enterprise environments, and DirectX 12. Title: Microsoft Spider Solitaire Passage: Spider Solitaire, also known as Microsoft Spider Solitaire (Spider in the About box in some versions), is a solitaire card game that is included in Microsoft Windows. It is a version of Spider. , it was the most played game on Windows PCs, surpassing the shorter and less challenging Klondike-based Windows Solitaire. Title: Adobe Photoshop version history Passage: OS version Latest release Latest update Windows 3.0 3.0 3.0. 4 Windows 3.1 x 4.0 4.0. 1 Windows NT 3.5 3.0 3.0. 5 Windows NT 3.51 4.0 4.0. 1 Windows 95 5.5 Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows NT 4.0 7 7.0. 1 Windows 2000 CS2 9.0. 2 Windows XP CS6 13.0. 1 Windows Vista CS5. 1 12.0. 4 Windows 8 CC 2014 15.2. 2 Windows 10 Build 1607 CC 2018 19.1. 6 Windows 7, Windows 8.1 and Windows 10 CC 2019 20.0. 0 (current)	[ "Windows 8", "GNU IceCat" ]
2hop__603598_25719	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put down the disorder, was killed fighting the Ostrogoths at the Battle of Adrianople on 9 August 378. As well as the threat from such tribal confederacies from the north, internal divisions within the empire, especially within the Christian Church, caused problems. In 400, the Visigoths invaded the Western Roman Empire and, although briefly forced back from Italy, in 410 sacked the city of Rome. In 406 the Alans, Vandals, and Suevi crossed into Gaul; over the next three years they spread across Gaul and in 409 crossed the Pyrenees Mountains into modern-day Spain. The Migration Period began, where various people, initially largely Germanic peoples, moved across Europe. The Franks, Alemanni, and the Burgundians all ended up in northern Gaul while the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes settled in Britain. In the 430s the Huns began invading the empire; their king Attila (r. 434–453) led invasions into the Balkans in 442 and 447, Gaul in 451, and Italy in 452. The Hunnic threat remained until Attila's death in 453, when the Hunnic confederation he led fell apart. These invasions by the tribes completely changed the political and demographic nature of what had been the Western Roman Empire.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 12 February 1912, after rounds of negotiations, Longyu issued an imperial edict bringing about the abdication of the child emperor Puyi. This brought an end to over 2,000 years of Imperial China and began an extended period of instability of warlord factionalism. The unorganized political and economic systems combined with a widespread criticism of Chinese culture led to questioning and doubt about the future. In the 1930s, the Empire of Japan invaded Northeast China and founded Manchukuo in 1932, with Puyi, as the emperor. After the invasion by the Soviet Union, Manchukuo collapsed in 1945.", "title": "Qing dynasty" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Germanic peoples during the Migrations Period came into contact with other peoples; in the case of the populations settling in the territory of modern Germany, they encountered Celts to the south, and Balts and Slavs towards the east. The Limes Germanicus was breached in AD 260. Migrating Germanic tribes commingled with the local Gallo-Roman populations in what is now Swabia and Bavaria. The arrival of the Huns in Europe resulted in Hun conquest of large parts of Eastern Europe, the Huns initially were allies of the Roman Empire who fought against Germanic tribes, but later the Huns cooperated with the Germanic tribe of the Ostrogoths, and large numbers of Germans lived within the lands of the Hunnic Empire of Attila. Attila had both Hunnic and Germanic families and prominent Germanic chiefs amongst his close entourage in Europe. The Huns living in Germanic territories in Eastern Europe adopted an East Germanic language as their lingua franca. A major part of Attila's army were Germans, during the Huns' campaign against the Roman Empire. After Attila's unexpected death the Hunnic Empire collapsed with the Huns disappearing as a people in Europe – who either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans.", "title": "Germans" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tamástslikt Cultural Institute is a museum and research institute located on the Umatilla Indian Reservation near Pendleton in eastern Oregon. It is the only Native American museum along the Oregon Trail. The institute is dedicated to the culture of the Cayuse, Umatilla, and Walla Walla tribes of Native Americans. The main permanent exhibition of the museum provides a history of the culture of three tribes, and of the reservation itself. The museum also has a second hall for temporary exhibitions of specific types of Native American art, craftwork, history, and folklore related to the tribes.", "title": "Tamástslikt Cultural Institute" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The concept of Germany as a distinct region in central Europe can be traced to Roman commander Julius Caesar, who referred to the unconquered area east of the Rhine as Germania, thus distinguishing it from Gaul (France), which he had conquered. The victory of the Germanic tribes in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (AD 9) prevented annexation by the Roman Empire, although the Roman provinces of Germania Superior and Germania Inferior were established along the Rhine. Following the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Franks conquered the other West Germanic tribes. When the Frankish Empire was divided among Charlemagne's heirs in 843, the eastern part became East Francia. In 962, Otto I became the first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, the medieval German state.", "title": "History of Germany" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Revolt of the Batavi took place in the Roman province of Germania Inferior between AD 69 and 70. It was an uprising against the Roman Empire started by the Batavi, a small but militarily powerful Germanic tribe that inhabited Batavia, on the delta of the river Rhine. They were soon joined by the Celtic tribes from Gallia Belgica and some Germanic tribes.", "title": "Revolt of the Batavi" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.[E] The Eastern Roman Empire, often referred to as the Byzantine Empire after the fall of its western counterpart, had little ability to assert control over the lost western territories. The Byzantine emperors maintained a claim over the territory, but none of the new kings in the west dared to elevate himself to the position of emperor of the west, Byzantine control of most of the Western Empire could not be sustained; the reconquest of the Italian peninsula and Mediterranean periphery by Justinian (r. 527–565) was the sole, and temporary, exception.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Rössen culture is important as it marks the transition from a broad and widely distributed tradition going back to Central Europe's earliest Neolithic LBK towards the more diversified Middle and Late Neolithic situation characterised by the appearance of complexes like Michelsberg and Funnel Beaker Culture.", "title": "Rössen culture" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the course of his Gallic Wars, Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice: in 55 and 54 BC. The first invasion, in late summer, was unsuccessful, gaining the Romans little else besides a beachhead on the coast of Kent. The second invasion achieved more: the Romans installed a king, Mandubracius, who was friendly to Rome, and they forced the submission of Mandubracius's rival, Cassivellaunus. No territory was conquered and held for Rome; instead, all Roman - occupied territory was restored to the allied Trinovantes, along with the promised tribute of the other tribes in what is now eastern England.", "title": "Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily shortly afterwards. However, they soon lost these newly acquired possessions to the Ostrogoths. The Ostrogothic conquest under Theodoric the Great began in 488; Theodoric supported Roman culture and government unlike the Germanic Goths. The Gothic War took place between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. Sicily was the first part of Italy to be taken under control of General Belisarius who was commissioned by Eastern Emperor. Justinian I solidified his rule in the following years.", "title": "Palermo" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 334 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the Achaemenid Empire, defeating the last Achaemenid emperor, Darius III, at the Battle of Issus. Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. In the middle of the 2nd century BC, the Parthian Empire rose to become the main power in Iran, and the century-long geopolitical arch-rivalry between Romans and Parthians began, culminating in the Roman–Parthian Wars. The Parthian Empire continued as a feudal monarchy for nearly five centuries, until 224 CE, when it was succeeded by the Sassanid Empire. Together with their neighboring arch-rival, the Roman-Byzantines, they made up the world's two most dominant powers at the time, for over four centuries.", "title": "Iran" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Bärwalde (; ; ) of 23 January 1631 was a treaty concluding an alliance between the Swedish Empire and the Kingdom of France during the Thirty Years' War, shortly after Sweden had invaded Northern Germany then occupied by Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor's forces. The treaty obliged Sweden to maintain an army of 36,000 troops, and France to fund the Swedish army with an annually 400,000 Reichsthalers.", "title": "Treaty of Bärwalde" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By 390 BC, several Gallic tribes were invading Italy from the north as their culture expanded throughout Europe. The Romans were alerted to this when a particularly warlike tribe invaded two Etruscan towns close to Rome's sphere of influence. These towns, overwhelmed by the enemy's numbers and ferocity, called on Rome for help. The Romans met the Gauls in pitched battle at the Battle of Allia River around 390–387 BC. The Gauls, led by chieftain Brennus, defeated the Roman army of approximately 15,000 troops, pursued the fleeing Romans back to Rome, and sacked the city before being either driven off or bought off. Romans and Gauls continued to war intermittently in Italy for more than two centuries.[relevant? – discuss]", "title": "Roman Republic" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carpetania was an ancient region of what is today Spain, located between the Sierra de Guadarrama, the mountains of Toledo, the river Guadiana and the mountain range of Alcaraz, including approximately, the present independent communities of Madrid and Castile-La Mancha. It was inhabited by the Carpetani, a pre-Roman tribe. To the south dwelt the Oretani, on the northeast were Celtiberians whose tribes are not further specified. On the northwest to the Vaccei and Vettones. This area was easily conquered by the Romans and quickly integrated culturally and politically. Thus it is practically unmentioned in the literature of the conquest. Its main urban nuclei (Toletum, corresponding to present Toledo; Complutum, the present Alcalá de Henares, Consabura, the present Consuegra, Segóbriga (Saelices, River basin) and Laminio) acquired municipal legal statutes soon after the Roman conquest.", "title": "Carpetania" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the time of the Roman Empire, about two thousand years ago, various tribes, which spoke Celtic dialects of the Insular Celtic group, were inhabiting the islands. The Romans expanded their civilisation to control southern Great Britain but were impeded in advancing any further, building Hadrian's Wall to mark the northern frontier of their empire in 122 AD. At that time, Ireland was populated by a people known as Hiberni, the northern third or so of Great Britain by a people known as Picts and the southern two thirds by Britons.", "title": "British Isles" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Contrarily, having so firmly entrenched themselves into Greek affairs, the Romans now completely ignored the rapidly disintegrating Seleucid empire (perhaps because it posed no threat); and left the Ptolemaic kingdom to decline quietly, while acting as a protector of sorts, in as much as to stop other powers taking Egypt over (including the famous line-in-the-sand incident when the Seleucid Antiochus IV Epiphanes tried to invade Egypt). Eventually, instability in the near east resulting from the power vacuum left by the collapse of the Seleucid empire caused the Roman proconsul Pompey the Great to abolish the Seleucid rump state, absorbing much of Syria into the Roman republic. Famously, the end of Ptolemaic Egypt came as the final act in the republican civil war between the Roman triumvirs Mark Anthony and Augustus Caesar. After the defeat of Anthony and his lover, the last Ptolemaic monarch, Cleopatra VII at the Battle of Actium, Augustus invaded Egypt and took it as his own personal fiefdom. He thereby completed both the destruction of the Hellenistic kingdoms and the Roman republic, and ended (in hindsight) the Hellenistic era.", "title": "Hellenistic period" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Germanic tribes are thought to date from the Nordic Bronze Age or the Pre-Roman Iron Age. From southern Scandinavia and north Germany, they expanded south, east and west from the 1st century BC, coming into contact with the Celtic tribes of Gaul as well as Iranian, Baltic, and Slavic tribes in Central and Eastern Europe. Under Augustus, Rome began to invade Germania (an area extending roughly from the Rhine to the Ural Mountains). In 9 AD, three Roman legions led by Varus were defeated by the Cheruscan leader Arminius. By 100 AD, when Tacitus wrote Germania, Germanic tribes had settled along the Rhine and the Danube (the Limes Germanicus), occupying most of the area of modern Germany. However, Austria, Baden Württemberg, southern Bavaria, southern Hessen and the western Rhineland had been conquered and incorporated into Roman provinces: Noricum, Raetia, Germania Superior, and Germania Inferior.", "title": "Germany" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Peace of Westphalia (German: Westfälischer Friede) was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster, effectively ending the European wars of religion. These treaties ended the Thirty Years' War (1618 -- 1648) in the Holy Roman Empire between the Habsburgs and their Catholic allies on one side and the Protestant powers (Sweden, Denmark, Dutch, and Holy Roman principalities) and their Catholic (France) Anti-Habsburg allies on the other. The treaties also ended the Eighty Years' War (1568 -- 1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic, with Spain formally recognising the independence of the Dutch Republic.", "title": "Peace of Westphalia" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Slavs under name of the Antes and the Sclaveni make their first appearance in Byzantine records in the early 6th century. Byzantine historiographers under Justinian I (527–565), such as Procopius of Caesarea, Jordanes and Theophylact Simocatta describe tribes of these names emerging from the area of the Carpathian Mountains, the lower Danube and the Black Sea, invading the Danubian provinces of the Eastern Empire.", "title": "Slavs" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the early 5th century, the deep crisis suffered by the Roman Empire allowed different tribes of Central Europe (Suebi, Vandals and Alani) to cross the Rhine and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (foedus) by which the Suebi would settle peacefully and govern Galicia as imperial allies. So, from 409 Galicia was taken by the Suebi, forming the first medieval kingdom to be created in Europe, in 411, even before the fall of the Roman Empire, being also the first Germanic kingdom to mint coinage in Roman lands. During this period a Briton colony and bishopric (see Mailoc) was established in Northern Galicia (Britonia), probably as foederati and allies of the Suebi. In 585, the Visigothic King Leovigild invaded the Suebic kingdom of Galicia and defeated it, bringing it under Visigoth control.", "title": "Galicia (Spain)" } ]	At the end of what year did the tribes from the place where the Rossen culture is located invade the Roman Empire?	406	[]	Title: Treaty of Bärwalde Passage: The Treaty of Bärwalde (; ; ) of 23 January 1631 was a treaty concluding an alliance between the Swedish Empire and the Kingdom of France during the Thirty Years' War, shortly after Sweden had invaded Northern Germany then occupied by Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor's forces. The treaty obliged Sweden to maintain an army of 36,000 troops, and France to fund the Swedish army with an annually 400,000 Reichsthalers. Title: British Isles Passage: At the time of the Roman Empire, about two thousand years ago, various tribes, which spoke Celtic dialects of the Insular Celtic group, were inhabiting the islands. The Romans expanded their civilisation to control southern Great Britain but were impeded in advancing any further, building Hadrian's Wall to mark the northern frontier of their empire in 122 AD. At that time, Ireland was populated by a people known as Hiberni, the northern third or so of Great Britain by a people known as Picts and the southern two thirds by Britons. Title: Hellenistic period Passage: Contrarily, having so firmly entrenched themselves into Greek affairs, the Romans now completely ignored the rapidly disintegrating Seleucid empire (perhaps because it posed no threat); and left the Ptolemaic kingdom to decline quietly, while acting as a protector of sorts, in as much as to stop other powers taking Egypt over (including the famous line-in-the-sand incident when the Seleucid Antiochus IV Epiphanes tried to invade Egypt). Eventually, instability in the near east resulting from the power vacuum left by the collapse of the Seleucid empire caused the Roman proconsul Pompey the Great to abolish the Seleucid rump state, absorbing much of Syria into the Roman republic. Famously, the end of Ptolemaic Egypt came as the final act in the republican civil war between the Roman triumvirs Mark Anthony and Augustus Caesar. After the defeat of Anthony and his lover, the last Ptolemaic monarch, Cleopatra VII at the Battle of Actium, Augustus invaded Egypt and took it as his own personal fiefdom. He thereby completed both the destruction of the Hellenistic kingdoms and the Roman republic, and ended (in hindsight) the Hellenistic era. Title: Germany Passage: The Germanic tribes are thought to date from the Nordic Bronze Age or the Pre-Roman Iron Age. From southern Scandinavia and north Germany, they expanded south, east and west from the 1st century BC, coming into contact with the Celtic tribes of Gaul as well as Iranian, Baltic, and Slavic tribes in Central and Eastern Europe. Under Augustus, Rome began to invade Germania (an area extending roughly from the Rhine to the Ural Mountains). In 9 AD, three Roman legions led by Varus were defeated by the Cheruscan leader Arminius. By 100 AD, when Tacitus wrote Germania, Germanic tribes had settled along the Rhine and the Danube (the Limes Germanicus), occupying most of the area of modern Germany. However, Austria, Baden Württemberg, southern Bavaria, southern Hessen and the western Rhineland had been conquered and incorporated into Roman provinces: Noricum, Raetia, Germania Superior, and Germania Inferior. Title: Roman Republic Passage: By 390 BC, several Gallic tribes were invading Italy from the north as their culture expanded throughout Europe. The Romans were alerted to this when a particularly warlike tribe invaded two Etruscan towns close to Rome's sphere of influence. These towns, overwhelmed by the enemy's numbers and ferocity, called on Rome for help. The Romans met the Gauls in pitched battle at the Battle of Allia River around 390–387 BC. The Gauls, led by chieftain Brennus, defeated the Roman army of approximately 15,000 troops, pursued the fleeing Romans back to Rome, and sacked the city before being either driven off or bought off. Romans and Gauls continued to war intermittently in Italy for more than two centuries.[relevant? – discuss] Title: Rössen culture Passage: The Rössen culture is important as it marks the transition from a broad and widely distributed tradition going back to Central Europe's earliest Neolithic LBK towards the more diversified Middle and Late Neolithic situation characterised by the appearance of complexes like Michelsberg and Funnel Beaker Culture. Title: Tamástslikt Cultural Institute Passage: The Tamástslikt Cultural Institute is a museum and research institute located on the Umatilla Indian Reservation near Pendleton in eastern Oregon. It is the only Native American museum along the Oregon Trail. The institute is dedicated to the culture of the Cayuse, Umatilla, and Walla Walla tribes of Native Americans. The main permanent exhibition of the museum provides a history of the culture of three tribes, and of the reservation itself. The museum also has a second hall for temporary exhibitions of specific types of Native American art, craftwork, history, and folklore related to the tribes. Title: Revolt of the Batavi Passage: The Revolt of the Batavi took place in the Roman province of Germania Inferior between AD 69 and 70. It was an uprising against the Roman Empire started by the Batavi, a small but militarily powerful Germanic tribe that inhabited Batavia, on the delta of the river Rhine. They were soon joined by the Celtic tribes from Gallia Belgica and some Germanic tribes. Title: Middle Ages Passage: In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put down the disorder, was killed fighting the Ostrogoths at the Battle of Adrianople on 9 August 378. As well as the threat from such tribal confederacies from the north, internal divisions within the empire, especially within the Christian Church, caused problems. In 400, the Visigoths invaded the Western Roman Empire and, although briefly forced back from Italy, in 410 sacked the city of Rome. In 406 the Alans, Vandals, and Suevi crossed into Gaul; over the next three years they spread across Gaul and in 409 crossed the Pyrenees Mountains into modern-day Spain. The Migration Period began, where various people, initially largely Germanic peoples, moved across Europe. The Franks, Alemanni, and the Burgundians all ended up in northern Gaul while the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes settled in Britain. In the 430s the Huns began invading the empire; their king Attila (r. 434–453) led invasions into the Balkans in 442 and 447, Gaul in 451, and Italy in 452. The Hunnic threat remained until Attila's death in 453, when the Hunnic confederation he led fell apart. These invasions by the tribes completely changed the political and demographic nature of what had been the Western Roman Empire. Title: Carpetania Passage: Carpetania was an ancient region of what is today Spain, located between the Sierra de Guadarrama, the mountains of Toledo, the river Guadiana and the mountain range of Alcaraz, including approximately, the present independent communities of Madrid and Castile-La Mancha. It was inhabited by the Carpetani, a pre-Roman tribe. To the south dwelt the Oretani, on the northeast were Celtiberians whose tribes are not further specified. On the northwest to the Vaccei and Vettones. This area was easily conquered by the Romans and quickly integrated culturally and politically. Thus it is practically unmentioned in the literature of the conquest. Its main urban nuclei (Toletum, corresponding to present Toledo; Complutum, the present Alcalá de Henares, Consabura, the present Consuegra, Segóbriga (Saelices, River basin) and Laminio) acquired municipal legal statutes soon after the Roman conquest. Title: Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain Passage: In the course of his Gallic Wars, Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice: in 55 and 54 BC. The first invasion, in late summer, was unsuccessful, gaining the Romans little else besides a beachhead on the coast of Kent. The second invasion achieved more: the Romans installed a king, Mandubracius, who was friendly to Rome, and they forced the submission of Mandubracius's rival, Cassivellaunus. No territory was conquered and held for Rome; instead, all Roman - occupied territory was restored to the allied Trinovantes, along with the promised tribute of the other tribes in what is now eastern England. Title: Iran Passage: In 334 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the Achaemenid Empire, defeating the last Achaemenid emperor, Darius III, at the Battle of Issus. Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. In the middle of the 2nd century BC, the Parthian Empire rose to become the main power in Iran, and the century-long geopolitical arch-rivalry between Romans and Parthians began, culminating in the Roman–Parthian Wars. The Parthian Empire continued as a feudal monarchy for nearly five centuries, until 224 CE, when it was succeeded by the Sassanid Empire. Together with their neighboring arch-rival, the Roman-Byzantines, they made up the world's two most dominant powers at the time, for over four centuries. Title: Peace of Westphalia Passage: The Peace of Westphalia (German: Westfälischer Friede) was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster, effectively ending the European wars of religion. These treaties ended the Thirty Years' War (1618 -- 1648) in the Holy Roman Empire between the Habsburgs and their Catholic allies on one side and the Protestant powers (Sweden, Denmark, Dutch, and Holy Roman principalities) and their Catholic (France) Anti-Habsburg allies on the other. The treaties also ended the Eighty Years' War (1568 -- 1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic, with Spain formally recognising the independence of the Dutch Republic. Title: Galicia (Spain) Passage: In the early 5th century, the deep crisis suffered by the Roman Empire allowed different tribes of Central Europe (Suebi, Vandals and Alani) to cross the Rhine and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (foedus) by which the Suebi would settle peacefully and govern Galicia as imperial allies. So, from 409 Galicia was taken by the Suebi, forming the first medieval kingdom to be created in Europe, in 411, even before the fall of the Roman Empire, being also the first Germanic kingdom to mint coinage in Roman lands. During this period a Briton colony and bishopric (see Mailoc) was established in Northern Galicia (Britonia), probably as foederati and allies of the Suebi. In 585, the Visigothic King Leovigild invaded the Suebic kingdom of Galicia and defeated it, bringing it under Visigoth control. Title: History of Germany Passage: The concept of Germany as a distinct region in central Europe can be traced to Roman commander Julius Caesar, who referred to the unconquered area east of the Rhine as Germania, thus distinguishing it from Gaul (France), which he had conquered. The victory of the Germanic tribes in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (AD 9) prevented annexation by the Roman Empire, although the Roman provinces of Germania Superior and Germania Inferior were established along the Rhine. Following the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Franks conquered the other West Germanic tribes. When the Frankish Empire was divided among Charlemagne's heirs in 843, the eastern part became East Francia. In 962, Otto I became the first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, the medieval German state. Title: Qing dynasty Passage: On 12 February 1912, after rounds of negotiations, Longyu issued an imperial edict bringing about the abdication of the child emperor Puyi. This brought an end to over 2,000 years of Imperial China and began an extended period of instability of warlord factionalism. The unorganized political and economic systems combined with a widespread criticism of Chinese culture led to questioning and doubt about the future. In the 1930s, the Empire of Japan invaded Northeast China and founded Manchukuo in 1932, with Puyi, as the emperor. After the invasion by the Soviet Union, Manchukuo collapsed in 1945. Title: Middle Ages Passage: By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.[E] The Eastern Roman Empire, often referred to as the Byzantine Empire after the fall of its western counterpart, had little ability to assert control over the lost western territories. The Byzantine emperors maintained a claim over the territory, but none of the new kings in the west dared to elevate himself to the position of emperor of the west, Byzantine control of most of the Western Empire could not be sustained; the reconquest of the Italian peninsula and Mediterranean periphery by Justinian (r. 527–565) was the sole, and temporary, exception. Title: Germans Passage: The Germanic peoples during the Migrations Period came into contact with other peoples; in the case of the populations settling in the territory of modern Germany, they encountered Celts to the south, and Balts and Slavs towards the east. The Limes Germanicus was breached in AD 260. Migrating Germanic tribes commingled with the local Gallo-Roman populations in what is now Swabia and Bavaria. The arrival of the Huns in Europe resulted in Hun conquest of large parts of Eastern Europe, the Huns initially were allies of the Roman Empire who fought against Germanic tribes, but later the Huns cooperated with the Germanic tribe of the Ostrogoths, and large numbers of Germans lived within the lands of the Hunnic Empire of Attila. Attila had both Hunnic and Germanic families and prominent Germanic chiefs amongst his close entourage in Europe. The Huns living in Germanic territories in Eastern Europe adopted an East Germanic language as their lingua franca. A major part of Attila's army were Germans, during the Huns' campaign against the Roman Empire. After Attila's unexpected death the Hunnic Empire collapsed with the Huns disappearing as a people in Europe – who either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans. Title: Palermo Passage: As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily shortly afterwards. However, they soon lost these newly acquired possessions to the Ostrogoths. The Ostrogothic conquest under Theodoric the Great began in 488; Theodoric supported Roman culture and government unlike the Germanic Goths. The Gothic War took place between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. Sicily was the first part of Italy to be taken under control of General Belisarius who was commissioned by Eastern Emperor. Justinian I solidified his rule in the following years. Title: Slavs Passage: The Slavs under name of the Antes and the Sclaveni make their first appearance in Byzantine records in the early 6th century. Byzantine historiographers under Justinian I (527–565), such as Procopius of Caesarea, Jordanes and Theophylact Simocatta describe tribes of these names emerging from the area of the Carpathian Mountains, the lower Danube and the Black Sea, invading the Danubian provinces of the Eastern Empire.	[ "Rössen culture", "Galicia (Spain)" ]
2hop__603365_120259	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the Act of Parliament defining high treason remains on the United Kingdom's statute books, during a long period of 19th - century legal reform the sentence of hanging, drawing, and quartering was changed to drawing, hanging until dead, and posthumous beheading and quartering, before being abolished in England in 1870. The death penalty for treason was abolished in 1998.", "title": "Hanged, drawn and quartered" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When the Batavian Republic was created in 1795, the Lordship of Frisia was abolished as a relic of the Ancien Régime.", "title": "Lordship of Frisia" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "When Æthelflæd died in 918, Ælfwynn, her daughter by Æthelred, succeeded as 'Second Lady of the Mercians', but within six months Edward had deprived her of all authority in Mercia and taken her into Wessex.", "title": "Mercia" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Otho Holland Williams (March 1, 1749 – July 15, 1794) was a Continental Army officer from Maryland in the American Revolutionary War. He participated in many battles throughout the war in the New York, New Jersey and Southern theaters, eventually ending his career as a Brigadier General.", "title": "Otho Holland Williams" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emilio Dandolo (5 July 1830, Varese – 20 February 1859, Milan) was an important figure in the Italian Risorgimento, participating in several of its most important battles.", "title": "Emilio Dandolo" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Hastings reenactment is a yearly reenactment of the Battle of Hastings, held at Battle Abbey in Battle, East Sussex, UK, and drawing participants from around the world. It takes place every year on the weekend nearest 14 October on the site of the historical battle, although is often arranged across the hill rather than up it, to take account of the smaller number of participants and the need for spectators.", "title": "Battle of Hastings reenactment" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Brihuega took place on 8 December 1710 in the War of the Spanish Succession, during the allied retreat from Madrid to Barcelona. The British rearguard under Lord Stanhope was cut off within the town of Brihuega and overwhelmed by a Franco-Spanish army under the duc de Vendôme. Brihuega with other events brought an end to the British participation in the war.", "title": "Battle of Brihuega" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Watson (born 1850) was an American soldier who was in Custer's battalion during the time of the battle of Little BigHorn but did not participate in the battle having been unable to keep up because his horse gave out and he thus survived the battle.", "title": "James Watson (soldier)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was born in Dunbog, in the county of Fife, Scotland in 1743. Joining the 4th Regiment of Foot as ensign in 1761, he rose to become one of Cornwallis' most trusted officers during the American Revolution. He fought and was severely injured in the Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed's Hill) and also participated in battles in Elizabethtown, Brandywine, and Germantown, and was made Lieutenant-Colonel (of the 23rd Regiment of Foot) in 1778. He accompanied Cornwallis to Charleston where he was sometimes commandant. He was promoted to Major General in 1793, Colonel of both the 93rd Foot and the 39th Foot in 1794 and served in the war with France.", "title": "Nisbet Balfour" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Kazan (1774) was a major battle during the Pugachev Rebellion. It took place on 12 -- 15 July 1774 in Kazan, Russia, and the surrounding area. The first stage began in the morning of 12 July, when rebels under Yemelyan Pugachev defeated government troops and besieged them in the Kazan Kremlin. During the battle some government forces defected to the rebels' side. However, in the evening, tsarist forces under Johann Michelson reached Kazan and defeated the rebels in two battles which took place on 13 and 15 July, forcing Pugachev to retreat to Tsaryovokokshaysk and then to cross the Volga. Out of 25,000 and 15,000 rebels who participated in the first and last stages of the battle respectively, only 500 escaped.", "title": "Battle of Kazan (1774)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Witte Corneliszoon de With (28 March 1599 – 8 November 1658) was a Dutch naval officer. He is noted for planning and participating in a number of naval battles during the Eighty Years War and the First Anglo-Dutch war.", "title": "Witte de With" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jakub Jasiński of Rawicz Clan (24 July 1761, in Węglów near Pyzdry in Greater Poland – 4 November 1794, in Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish general, and poet of Enlightenment. He participated in the War in Defence of the Constitution in 1792, was an enemy of the Targowica Confederation and organized an action against its supporters in Wilno. He participated also in the Kościuszko Uprising, during the course of which he was killed in the Battle of Praga in 1794.", "title": "Jakub Jasiński" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The break - up of the centralised Mughal empire by 1750, led to the creation of numerous semi-independent kingdoms (all provinces of the former Mughal empire). Nawab Siraj ud - Daulah was defeated by the British forces of Sir Robert Clive in the Battle of Plassey in 1757. Thereafter the Nawab of Bengal became a ``puppet ruler ''depending on military support from British East India company to secure their throne. Siraj - ud - Daulah was replaced by Mir Jaffer. He was personally led to the throne by Robert Clive, after triumph of the British in the battle. He briefly tried to re-assert his power by allying with the Dutch, but this plan was ended by the Battle of Chinsurah. After the defeat at Battle of Buxar and grant of the Diwani (revenue collection) of Bengal by the then Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, to the British East India Company in August 1765 and the appointment of Warren Hastings by the East India Company as their first Governor General of Bengal in 1773, the Nawabs authority became restricted. By 1773, British East India company asserted much authority and formed the Bengal Presidency over areas ruled by the Nawabs i.e. the Bengal subah, along with some other regions and abolished the system of Dual Government. In 1793 (during Nawab Mubarak ud - Daulah's reign), the Nizamat (military power, civil and criminal justice) was abolished, British East India company thus annexed this former Mughal province as part of their empire and took complete control of the region, and the Nawabs of Bengal became mere pensioners of the British East India Company. All the Diwan offices except the Diwan Ton were also abolished.", "title": "Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "HMS \"Galatea\" was one of eight light cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the 1910s. She fought in the First World War, participating in the Battle of Jutland. Following the war, she was scrapped.", "title": "HMS Galatea (1914)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Maserfield (or Maserfeld, \"marsh (border) field\"; Welsh: \"Maes Cogwy\"), was fought on 5 August 641 or 642, between the Anglo-Saxon kings Oswald of Northumbria and Penda of Mercia, ending in Oswald's defeat, death, and dismemberment. The battle was also known as \"Cogwy\" to the Welsh, with their countrymen from Pengwern participating in the battle (according to the probably ninth-century \"Canu Heledd\"), probably as allies of the Mercians. Bede reports the commonly accepted date given above; the Welsh \"Annales Cambriae\" is generally considered incorrect in giving the year of the battle as 644. The site of the battle is traditionally identified with Oswestry; arguments have been made for and against the accuracy of this identification.", "title": "Battle of Maserfield" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Anthony Jackson (1599–1666) was an English lawyer, soldier, and knight in the seventeenth century. A cavalier during the English Civil War, he was knighted by Charles II, participated in the Battle of Worcester, and was imprisoned in the Tower of London for over a decade.", "title": "Anthony Jackson (soldier)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The \"Kearsarge\"-class battleships were two pre-dreadnought battleships built for the United States Navy at the beginning of the 20th century. They were designed to be used for coastal defense. Both of the ships, and , were authorized in 1895 and commissioned in 1900. Neither ship participated in a major battle, although they participated in the Great White Fleet, the oldest ships on the cruise. \"Kentucky\" was decommissioned in 1920 and sold for scrap in 1923. \"Kearsarge\" was also decommissioned in 1920, although it was then converted into a crane ship, and served in that capacity until scrapping in 1955.", "title": "Kearsarge-class battleship" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Ligny (16 June 1815) was the last victory of the military career of Napoleon Bonaparte. In this battle, French troops of the Armée du Nord under Napoleon's command, defeated part of a Prussian army under Field Marshal Prince Blücher, near Ligny in present-day Belgium. The Battle of Ligny is an example of a tactical win and a strategic loss for the French. While the French troops did force the enemy to retreat, the Prussian army survived and went on to play a pivotal role two days later at the Battle of Waterloo, reinforced by the Prussian IV Corps, which had not participated in the Battle of Ligny. Had the French army succeeded in keeping the Prussian army from joining the Anglo-allied Army under Wellington at Waterloo, Napoleon might have won the Waterloo Campaign.", "title": "Battle of Ligny" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Capital punishment in New Zealand first appeared in a codified form when it became a British territory in 1840, and was first employed in 1842. It was last used in 1957, abolished for murder in 1961, and abolished altogether, including for treason, in 1989. During the period that it was in effect, 85 people were executed.", "title": "Capital punishment in New Zealand" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Oosterweel took place on 13 March 1567 near the village of Oosterweel, north of Antwerp, and is traditionally seen as the beginning of the Eighty Years' War. A Spanish infantry division under General Beauvoir defeated an army of radical Calvinists rebels under Jan de Marnix. The prisoners were considered rebels and executed. William the Silent, the Burggraaf of Antwerp, did not allow the Protestants of the city to participate in the battle because he was, as lord of the city, bound by oath to support the Spanish Habsburg King.", "title": "Battle of Oosterweel" } ]	When was a participant in the Battle of Maserfield abolished?	918	[]	Title: Battle of Oosterweel Passage: The Battle of Oosterweel took place on 13 March 1567 near the village of Oosterweel, north of Antwerp, and is traditionally seen as the beginning of the Eighty Years' War. A Spanish infantry division under General Beauvoir defeated an army of radical Calvinists rebels under Jan de Marnix. The prisoners were considered rebels and executed. William the Silent, the Burggraaf of Antwerp, did not allow the Protestants of the city to participate in the battle because he was, as lord of the city, bound by oath to support the Spanish Habsburg King. Title: Battle of Kazan (1774) Passage: The Battle of Kazan (1774) was a major battle during the Pugachev Rebellion. It took place on 12 -- 15 July 1774 in Kazan, Russia, and the surrounding area. The first stage began in the morning of 12 July, when rebels under Yemelyan Pugachev defeated government troops and besieged them in the Kazan Kremlin. During the battle some government forces defected to the rebels' side. However, in the evening, tsarist forces under Johann Michelson reached Kazan and defeated the rebels in two battles which took place on 13 and 15 July, forcing Pugachev to retreat to Tsaryovokokshaysk and then to cross the Volga. Out of 25,000 and 15,000 rebels who participated in the first and last stages of the battle respectively, only 500 escaped. Title: Battle of Ligny Passage: The Battle of Ligny (16 June 1815) was the last victory of the military career of Napoleon Bonaparte. In this battle, French troops of the Armée du Nord under Napoleon's command, defeated part of a Prussian army under Field Marshal Prince Blücher, near Ligny in present-day Belgium. The Battle of Ligny is an example of a tactical win and a strategic loss for the French. While the French troops did force the enemy to retreat, the Prussian army survived and went on to play a pivotal role two days later at the Battle of Waterloo, reinforced by the Prussian IV Corps, which had not participated in the Battle of Ligny. Had the French army succeeded in keeping the Prussian army from joining the Anglo-allied Army under Wellington at Waterloo, Napoleon might have won the Waterloo Campaign. Title: Mercia Passage: When Æthelflæd died in 918, Ælfwynn, her daughter by Æthelred, succeeded as 'Second Lady of the Mercians', but within six months Edward had deprived her of all authority in Mercia and taken her into Wessex. Title: Jakub Jasiński Passage: Jakub Jasiński of Rawicz Clan (24 July 1761, in Węglów near Pyzdry in Greater Poland – 4 November 1794, in Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish general, and poet of Enlightenment. He participated in the War in Defence of the Constitution in 1792, was an enemy of the Targowica Confederation and organized an action against its supporters in Wilno. He participated also in the Kościuszko Uprising, during the course of which he was killed in the Battle of Praga in 1794. Title: HMS Galatea (1914) Passage: HMS "Galatea" was one of eight light cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the 1910s. She fought in the First World War, participating in the Battle of Jutland. Following the war, she was scrapped. Title: Battle of Hastings reenactment Passage: The Battle of Hastings reenactment is a yearly reenactment of the Battle of Hastings, held at Battle Abbey in Battle, East Sussex, UK, and drawing participants from around the world. It takes place every year on the weekend nearest 14 October on the site of the historical battle, although is often arranged across the hill rather than up it, to take account of the smaller number of participants and the need for spectators. Title: Emilio Dandolo Passage: Emilio Dandolo (5 July 1830, Varese – 20 February 1859, Milan) was an important figure in the Italian Risorgimento, participating in several of its most important battles. Title: Capital punishment in New Zealand Passage: Capital punishment in New Zealand first appeared in a codified form when it became a British territory in 1840, and was first employed in 1842. It was last used in 1957, abolished for murder in 1961, and abolished altogether, including for treason, in 1989. During the period that it was in effect, 85 people were executed. Title: Lordship of Frisia Passage: When the Batavian Republic was created in 1795, the Lordship of Frisia was abolished as a relic of the Ancien Régime. Title: Witte de With Passage: Witte Corneliszoon de With (28 March 1599 – 8 November 1658) was a Dutch naval officer. He is noted for planning and participating in a number of naval battles during the Eighty Years War and the First Anglo-Dutch war. Title: Hanged, drawn and quartered Passage: Although the Act of Parliament defining high treason remains on the United Kingdom's statute books, during a long period of 19th - century legal reform the sentence of hanging, drawing, and quartering was changed to drawing, hanging until dead, and posthumous beheading and quartering, before being abolished in England in 1870. The death penalty for treason was abolished in 1998. Title: Anthony Jackson (soldier) Passage: Sir Anthony Jackson (1599–1666) was an English lawyer, soldier, and knight in the seventeenth century. A cavalier during the English Civil War, he was knighted by Charles II, participated in the Battle of Worcester, and was imprisoned in the Tower of London for over a decade. Title: Battle of Brihuega Passage: The Battle of Brihuega took place on 8 December 1710 in the War of the Spanish Succession, during the allied retreat from Madrid to Barcelona. The British rearguard under Lord Stanhope was cut off within the town of Brihuega and overwhelmed by a Franco-Spanish army under the duc de Vendôme. Brihuega with other events brought an end to the British participation in the war. Title: Battle of Maserfield Passage: The Battle of Maserfield (or Maserfeld, "marsh (border) field"; Welsh: "Maes Cogwy"), was fought on 5 August 641 or 642, between the Anglo-Saxon kings Oswald of Northumbria and Penda of Mercia, ending in Oswald's defeat, death, and dismemberment. The battle was also known as "Cogwy" to the Welsh, with their countrymen from Pengwern participating in the battle (according to the probably ninth-century "Canu Heledd"), probably as allies of the Mercians. Bede reports the commonly accepted date given above; the Welsh "Annales Cambriae" is generally considered incorrect in giving the year of the battle as 644. The site of the battle is traditionally identified with Oswestry; arguments have been made for and against the accuracy of this identification. Title: Otho Holland Williams Passage: Otho Holland Williams (March 1, 1749 – July 15, 1794) was a Continental Army officer from Maryland in the American Revolutionary War. He participated in many battles throughout the war in the New York, New Jersey and Southern theaters, eventually ending his career as a Brigadier General. Title: Kearsarge-class battleship Passage: The "Kearsarge"-class battleships were two pre-dreadnought battleships built for the United States Navy at the beginning of the 20th century. They were designed to be used for coastal defense. Both of the ships, and , were authorized in 1895 and commissioned in 1900. Neither ship participated in a major battle, although they participated in the Great White Fleet, the oldest ships on the cruise. "Kentucky" was decommissioned in 1920 and sold for scrap in 1923. "Kearsarge" was also decommissioned in 1920, although it was then converted into a crane ship, and served in that capacity until scrapping in 1955. Title: James Watson (soldier) Passage: James Watson (born 1850) was an American soldier who was in Custer's battalion during the time of the battle of Little BigHorn but did not participate in the battle having been unable to keep up because his horse gave out and he thus survived the battle. Title: Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad Passage: The break - up of the centralised Mughal empire by 1750, led to the creation of numerous semi-independent kingdoms (all provinces of the former Mughal empire). Nawab Siraj ud - Daulah was defeated by the British forces of Sir Robert Clive in the Battle of Plassey in 1757. Thereafter the Nawab of Bengal became a ``puppet ruler ''depending on military support from British East India company to secure their throne. Siraj - ud - Daulah was replaced by Mir Jaffer. He was personally led to the throne by Robert Clive, after triumph of the British in the battle. He briefly tried to re-assert his power by allying with the Dutch, but this plan was ended by the Battle of Chinsurah. After the defeat at Battle of Buxar and grant of the Diwani (revenue collection) of Bengal by the then Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, to the British East India Company in August 1765 and the appointment of Warren Hastings by the East India Company as their first Governor General of Bengal in 1773, the Nawabs authority became restricted. By 1773, British East India company asserted much authority and formed the Bengal Presidency over areas ruled by the Nawabs i.e. the Bengal subah, along with some other regions and abolished the system of Dual Government. In 1793 (during Nawab Mubarak ud - Daulah's reign), the Nizamat (military power, civil and criminal justice) was abolished, British East India company thus annexed this former Mughal province as part of their empire and took complete control of the region, and the Nawabs of Bengal became mere pensioners of the British East India Company. All the Diwan offices except the Diwan Ton were also abolished. Title: Nisbet Balfour Passage: He was born in Dunbog, in the county of Fife, Scotland in 1743. Joining the 4th Regiment of Foot as ensign in 1761, he rose to become one of Cornwallis' most trusted officers during the American Revolution. He fought and was severely injured in the Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed's Hill) and also participated in battles in Elizabethtown, Brandywine, and Germantown, and was made Lieutenant-Colonel (of the 23rd Regiment of Foot) in 1778. He accompanied Cornwallis to Charleston where he was sometimes commandant. He was promoted to Major General in 1793, Colonel of both the 93rd Foot and the 39th Foot in 1794 and served in the war with France.	[ "Mercia", "Battle of Maserfield" ]
2hop__358582_189042	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Main Attraction is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the Kudu label.", "title": "The Main Attraction (album)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heirs to the Dare is a reality television show which premiered on March 10, 2014 on The Discovery Channel. The show followed three stunt performers in the footsteps of daredevils past, primarily Evel Knievel, to perform dangerous stunts today. The three stunt performers are Henry “The Pitbull” Rife, Bubba Blackwell, and Super Joe Reed. Discovery describes the show as \"Bubba, Henry, and Super Joe soar through the air on bikes and ATVs for the thrill of it. They break bones, but they also break records.\"", "title": "Heirs to the Dare" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Three for Shepp is the debut album by American saxophonist Marion Brown featuring performances recorded in 1966 for the Impulse! label.", "title": "Three for Shepp" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thrill of a Lifetime is a television reality series (before that term was coined) created by Sidney M. Cohen (who also directed many of the episodes) and Willie Stein. It was telecast from 1981 to 1988 in Canada on the CTV network. \"Thrill of a Lifetime\" gave viewers the chance to live their dreams, with thrills ranging from daredevil adventures to the romantic. The program was hosted by Doug Paulson, with Teri Austin joining as co-host later in its run. One of the program's more notable episodes was in its first season, when it arranged for an aspiring model named Shannon Tweed to pose for Playboy, which led to her becoming 1982's Playmate of the Year and launching an acting career.", "title": "Thrill of a Lifetime" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label.", "title": "Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Something Personal is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967.", "title": "Something Personal" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stay Awake is the debut album from Middian and Yob lead-vocalist Mike Scheidt. It was released in June 2012 under Thrill Jockey records.", "title": "Stay Awake (Mike Scheidt album)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541.", "title": "Tijuana Jazz" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Waterfalls is a live album by American saxophonist and composer John Klemmer featuring studio enhanced live performances recorded in Los Angeles for the Impulse! label.", "title": "Waterfalls (album)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label. The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn.", "title": "Jazz Contemporary" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Jazz Skyline is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1956 and released on the Savoy label.", "title": "The Jazz Skyline" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Groovin' with Golson is the sixth album by saxophonist Benny Golson featuring performances recorded in 1959 and originally released on the New Jazz label.", "title": "Groovin' with Golson" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "More Blues and the Abstract Truth is an album by American jazz composer, conductor and arranger Oliver Nelson featuring performances recorded in 1964 for the Impulse! label.", "title": "More Blues and the Abstract Truth" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Thrill of It All is the second studio album by English singer and songwriter Sam Smith. It was released on 3 November 2017 through Capitol Records.", "title": "The Thrill of It All (Sam Smith album)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Plenty, Plenty Soul is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1957 and released on the Atlantic label.", "title": "Plenty, Plenty Soul" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Thrill of a Lifetime is the second album (and the last to feature Mark Free on vocals) by the American hard rock band King Kobra, released in 1986 by Capitol Records. The album features \"Iron Eagle (Never Say Die)\", the theme song of the 1986 film \"Iron Eagle\".", "title": "Thrill of a Lifetime (album)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Soundsigns is an album by the American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman of performances recorded in 1978 for the Galaxy label.", "title": "Soundsigns" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cover Magazine is an album released by the American band Giant Sand on Thrill Jockey Records in 2001. The title references that 11 of the songs are cover versions.", "title": "Cover Magazine" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "King Kobra III, released in 1988 on New Renaissance Records, was the first and last album by the Edwards, Michael-Phillips, Northrup, Hart and Appice line-up of King Kobra. After the demise of the original line-up, remaining members Carmine Appice and David Michael-Phillips teamed up with Johnny Edwards, Jeff Northrup and Larry Hart, all 3 members of the Sacramento, CA band Northrup at the time.", "title": "King Kobra III" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It's What's Happenin' (subtitled The Varitone Sound of Clark Terry) is an album by American jazz trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1967 for the Impulse! label. Remastered in 2012 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Impulse! Records, it was reissued together with Terry's only other record for the label as a solo leader, \"The Happy Horns of Clark Terry\".", "title": "It's What's Happenin'" } ]	What is the record label of the Thrill of a Lifetime performer?	New Renaissance Records	[]	Title: Plenty, Plenty Soul Passage: Plenty, Plenty Soul is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1957 and released on the Atlantic label. Title: Groovin' with Golson Passage: Groovin' with Golson is the sixth album by saxophonist Benny Golson featuring performances recorded in 1959 and originally released on the New Jazz label. Title: Cover Magazine Passage: Cover Magazine is an album released by the American band Giant Sand on Thrill Jockey Records in 2001. The title references that 11 of the songs are cover versions. Title: Heirs to the Dare Passage: Heirs to the Dare is a reality television show which premiered on March 10, 2014 on The Discovery Channel. The show followed three stunt performers in the footsteps of daredevils past, primarily Evel Knievel, to perform dangerous stunts today. The three stunt performers are Henry “The Pitbull” Rife, Bubba Blackwell, and Super Joe Reed. Discovery describes the show as "Bubba, Henry, and Super Joe soar through the air on bikes and ATVs for the thrill of it. They break bones, but they also break records." Title: Something Personal Passage: Something Personal is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967. Title: Three for Shepp Passage: Three for Shepp is the debut album by American saxophonist Marion Brown featuring performances recorded in 1966 for the Impulse! label. Title: More Blues and the Abstract Truth Passage: More Blues and the Abstract Truth is an album by American jazz composer, conductor and arranger Oliver Nelson featuring performances recorded in 1964 for the Impulse! label. Title: Thrill of a Lifetime Passage: Thrill of a Lifetime is a television reality series (before that term was coined) created by Sidney M. Cohen (who also directed many of the episodes) and Willie Stein. It was telecast from 1981 to 1988 in Canada on the CTV network. "Thrill of a Lifetime" gave viewers the chance to live their dreams, with thrills ranging from daredevil adventures to the romantic. The program was hosted by Doug Paulson, with Teri Austin joining as co-host later in its run. One of the program's more notable episodes was in its first season, when it arranged for an aspiring model named Shannon Tweed to pose for Playboy, which led to her becoming 1982's Playmate of the Year and launching an acting career. Title: The Thrill of It All (Sam Smith album) Passage: The Thrill of It All is the second studio album by English singer and songwriter Sam Smith. It was released on 3 November 2017 through Capitol Records. Title: Stay Awake (Mike Scheidt album) Passage: Stay Awake is the debut album from Middian and Yob lead-vocalist Mike Scheidt. It was released in June 2012 under Thrill Jockey records. Title: Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album) Passage: Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label. Title: Jazz Contemporary Passage: Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label. The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn. Title: Soundsigns Passage: Soundsigns is an album by the American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman of performances recorded in 1978 for the Galaxy label. Title: Tijuana Jazz Passage: Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541. Title: It's What's Happenin' Passage: It's What's Happenin' (subtitled The Varitone Sound of Clark Terry) is an album by American jazz trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1967 for the Impulse! label. Remastered in 2012 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Impulse! Records, it was reissued together with Terry's only other record for the label as a solo leader, "The Happy Horns of Clark Terry". Title: The Jazz Skyline Passage: The Jazz Skyline is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1956 and released on the Savoy label. Title: The Main Attraction (album) Passage: The Main Attraction is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the Kudu label. Title: King Kobra III Passage: King Kobra III, released in 1988 on New Renaissance Records, was the first and last album by the Edwards, Michael-Phillips, Northrup, Hart and Appice line-up of King Kobra. After the demise of the original line-up, remaining members Carmine Appice and David Michael-Phillips teamed up with Johnny Edwards, Jeff Northrup and Larry Hart, all 3 members of the Sacramento, CA band Northrup at the time. Title: Thrill of a Lifetime (album) Passage: Thrill of a Lifetime is the second album (and the last to feature Mark Free on vocals) by the American hard rock band King Kobra, released in 1986 by Capitol Records. The album features "Iron Eagle (Never Say Die)", the theme song of the 1986 film "Iron Eagle". Title: Waterfalls (album) Passage: Waterfalls is a live album by American saxophonist and composer John Klemmer featuring studio enhanced live performances recorded in Los Angeles for the Impulse! label.	[ "Thrill of a Lifetime (album)", "King Kobra III" ]
2hop__333020_69048	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As per the Constitution, as held by the court in the Three Judges' Cases -- (1982, 1993, 1998), a judge is appointed to the Supreme Court by the President of India on the recommendation of the collegium -- a closed group of the Chief Justice of India, the four most senior judges of the court and the senior-most judge hailing from the high court of a prospective appointee. This has resulted in a Memorandum of Procedure being followed, for the appointments.", "title": "Supreme Court of India" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of judges of the Supreme Court of India, the highest court in the Republic of India. The list is ordered according to seniority. There are currently 25 judges (including Chief Justice of India) against a maximum possible strength of 31. As per the Constitution of India, judges of the Supreme Court retire at age 65.", "title": "List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jasti Chelameswar (born 23 June 1953) was a judge of the Supreme Court of India. He retired on 22 June 2018 as the second most senior Supreme court judge. Earlier, he was the Chief Justice of the High Court of Kerala and Gauhati High Court. He was also one of the 4 judges who held a controversial press conference against the Chief Justice of India, Dipak Misra.", "title": "Jasti Chelameswar" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2016, Adama Lamikanra is currently the acting Chief Judge of Rivers State. She is preceded by Daisy W. Okocha, the first woman to ever serve in that office.", "title": "Chief Judge of Rivers State" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rosaline Patricia Irorefe Bozimo (born 1 January 1946) is a Nigerian lawyer who was appointed Chief Justice of Delta State with effect from 23 March 2003. She retired on 1 January 2011 and was succeeded by Honorable Justice Abiodun Smith.", "title": "Rosaline Bozimo" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bart Magunda Katureebe is a Ugandan judge and the Chief Justice of Uganda. He was appointed to that position on 5 March 2015. Before that, he was a justice of the Supreme Court of Uganda.", "title": "Bart Magunda Katureebe" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Supreme court judges retire at the age of 65. However, there have been suggestions from the judges of the Supreme Court of India to provide for a fixed term for the judges including the Chief Justice of India.", "title": "Supreme Court of India" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chief Justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. As such, he is head of the United States federal court system, which functions as the judicial branch of the nation's federal government. The Chief Justice is one of nine Supreme Court justices; the other eight have the title Associate Justice.", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bowie served as chief judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals from 1861 to 1867. In 1863, he was detained by Confederate general J.E.B. Stuart near Rockville, Maryland, but was released soon thereafter. He later served as chief judge of the sixth judicial circuit of Maryland, and as such also an associate judge of the court of appeals of Maryland, from November 7, 1871 until his death near Rockville. He is interred in Rockville Cemetery.", "title": "Richard Bowie" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir (John) Mostyn Hanger (3 January 190811 August 1980) was a judge in the Australian state of Queensland, rising to become Chief Justice and Administrator of the state.", "title": "Mostyn Hanger" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Book of Ruth (Hebrew: מגילת רות ‎, Megilath Ruth, ``the Scroll of Ruth '', one of the Five Megillot) is included in the third division, or the Writings (Ketuvim), of the Hebrew Bible; in most Christian canons it is treated as a history book and placed between Judges and 1 Samuel, as it is set`` in the days when the judges judged'', although the Syriac Christian tradition places it later, between Ecclesiastes and the Song of Songs. It is named after its central figure, Ruth the Moabitess, the great - grandmother of David.", "title": "Book of Ruth" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1880 New York state election was held on November 2, 1880, to elect the Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.", "title": "1880 New York state election" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Bartholomew Dillon (died 1533) was a leading Irish judge of the sixteenth century who held the offices of Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer and Chief Justice of the King's Bench in Ireland.", "title": "Bartholomew Dillon" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "R. Banumathi (born 20 July 1955) is a judge of the Supreme Court of India. She is from Tamil Nadu and the sixth woman to be a Judge of the Indian Supreme Court. Earlier, she had served as the Chief Justice of Jharkhand High Court and judge at Madras High Court.", "title": "R. Banumathi" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In every High Court, there is a Chief Justice and many other judges whose number is defined by the President of India.", "title": "Indian High Courts Act 1861" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Upon graduating from Yale Law School, Eleanor Swift clerked for Judge M. Joseph Blumenfeld of the U.S. District Court in Hartford and for Chief Judge David L. Bazelon of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. She then practiced in Houston with the firm of Vinson & Elkins.", "title": "Eleanor Swift" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jonathan Lippman (born May 19, 1945) is an American jurist who served as Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals from 2009 through 2015. He is currently Of Counsel in the Litigation & Trial Department of Latham & Watkins’ New York office.", "title": "Jonathan Lippman" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Esegine Allen (born 28 March 1986), better known by his stage name Orezi, is a Nigerian musician from Delta State. He rose to prominence with his song \"Rihanna\" in 2013.", "title": "Orezi" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Article 124 (4) of Constitution of India lays down the procedure for removal of a Judge of Supreme Court which is applicable to Chief Justice as well. Once appointed, the Chief Justice remains in the office until the age of 65 years. He can be removed only through a process of impeachment by Parliament as follows:", "title": "Chief Justice of India" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael J. Barron (born 1933) is the former chief judge of the Milwaukee County Circuit Court and a former member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.", "title": "Michael J. Barron" } ]	Who is the Chief Judge of the place where Orezi was born?	Honorable Justice Abiodun Smith	[]	Title: Supreme Court of India Passage: As per the Constitution, as held by the court in the Three Judges' Cases -- (1982, 1993, 1998), a judge is appointed to the Supreme Court by the President of India on the recommendation of the collegium -- a closed group of the Chief Justice of India, the four most senior judges of the court and the senior-most judge hailing from the high court of a prospective appointee. This has resulted in a Memorandum of Procedure being followed, for the appointments. Title: Chief Justice of the United States Passage: The Chief Justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. As such, he is head of the United States federal court system, which functions as the judicial branch of the nation's federal government. The Chief Justice is one of nine Supreme Court justices; the other eight have the title Associate Justice. Title: Chief Judge of Rivers State Passage: As of 2016, Adama Lamikanra is currently the acting Chief Judge of Rivers State. She is preceded by Daisy W. Okocha, the first woman to ever serve in that office. Title: Supreme Court of India Passage: Supreme court judges retire at the age of 65. However, there have been suggestions from the judges of the Supreme Court of India to provide for a fixed term for the judges including the Chief Justice of India. Title: Mostyn Hanger Passage: Sir (John) Mostyn Hanger (3 January 190811 August 1980) was a judge in the Australian state of Queensland, rising to become Chief Justice and Administrator of the state. Title: Chief Justice of India Passage: Article 124 (4) of Constitution of India lays down the procedure for removal of a Judge of Supreme Court which is applicable to Chief Justice as well. Once appointed, the Chief Justice remains in the office until the age of 65 years. He can be removed only through a process of impeachment by Parliament as follows: Title: Rosaline Bozimo Passage: Rosaline Patricia Irorefe Bozimo (born 1 January 1946) is a Nigerian lawyer who was appointed Chief Justice of Delta State with effect from 23 March 2003. She retired on 1 January 2011 and was succeeded by Honorable Justice Abiodun Smith. Title: Orezi Passage: Esegine Allen (born 28 March 1986), better known by his stage name Orezi, is a Nigerian musician from Delta State. He rose to prominence with his song "Rihanna" in 2013. Title: 1880 New York state election Passage: The 1880 New York state election was held on November 2, 1880, to elect the Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly. Title: Bartholomew Dillon Passage: Sir Bartholomew Dillon (died 1533) was a leading Irish judge of the sixteenth century who held the offices of Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer and Chief Justice of the King's Bench in Ireland. Title: Michael J. Barron Passage: Michael J. Barron (born 1933) is the former chief judge of the Milwaukee County Circuit Court and a former member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. Title: Jonathan Lippman Passage: Jonathan Lippman (born May 19, 1945) is an American jurist who served as Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals from 2009 through 2015. He is currently Of Counsel in the Litigation & Trial Department of Latham & Watkins’ New York office. Title: Indian High Courts Act 1861 Passage: In every High Court, there is a Chief Justice and many other judges whose number is defined by the President of India. Title: Jasti Chelameswar Passage: Jasti Chelameswar (born 23 June 1953) was a judge of the Supreme Court of India. He retired on 22 June 2018 as the second most senior Supreme court judge. Earlier, he was the Chief Justice of the High Court of Kerala and Gauhati High Court. He was also one of the 4 judges who held a controversial press conference against the Chief Justice of India, Dipak Misra. Title: List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India Passage: This is a list of judges of the Supreme Court of India, the highest court in the Republic of India. The list is ordered according to seniority. There are currently 25 judges (including Chief Justice of India) against a maximum possible strength of 31. As per the Constitution of India, judges of the Supreme Court retire at age 65. Title: Richard Bowie Passage: Bowie served as chief judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals from 1861 to 1867. In 1863, he was detained by Confederate general J.E.B. Stuart near Rockville, Maryland, but was released soon thereafter. He later served as chief judge of the sixth judicial circuit of Maryland, and as such also an associate judge of the court of appeals of Maryland, from November 7, 1871 until his death near Rockville. He is interred in Rockville Cemetery. Title: R. Banumathi Passage: R. Banumathi (born 20 July 1955) is a judge of the Supreme Court of India. She is from Tamil Nadu and the sixth woman to be a Judge of the Indian Supreme Court. Earlier, she had served as the Chief Justice of Jharkhand High Court and judge at Madras High Court. Title: Bart Magunda Katureebe Passage: Bart Magunda Katureebe is a Ugandan judge and the Chief Justice of Uganda. He was appointed to that position on 5 March 2015. Before that, he was a justice of the Supreme Court of Uganda. Title: Book of Ruth Passage: The Book of Ruth (Hebrew: מגילת רות ‎, Megilath Ruth, ``the Scroll of Ruth '', one of the Five Megillot) is included in the third division, or the Writings (Ketuvim), of the Hebrew Bible; in most Christian canons it is treated as a history book and placed between Judges and 1 Samuel, as it is set`` in the days when the judges judged'', although the Syriac Christian tradition places it later, between Ecclesiastes and the Song of Songs. It is named after its central figure, Ruth the Moabitess, the great - grandmother of David. Title: Eleanor Swift Passage: Upon graduating from Yale Law School, Eleanor Swift clerked for Judge M. Joseph Blumenfeld of the U.S. District Court in Hartford and for Chief Judge David L. Bazelon of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. She then practiced in Houston with the firm of Vinson & Elkins.	[ "Rosaline Bozimo", "Orezi" ]
2hop__13353_85402	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kim Il-sung Stadium is the name of a large multi-purpose stadium located in Pyongyang, the capital city of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.", "title": "Kim Il-sung Stadium" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Finally, an introduced species may unintentionally injure a species that depends on the species it replaces. In Belgium, Prunus spinosa from Eastern Europe leafs much sooner than its West European counterparts, disrupting the feeding habits of the Thecla betulae butterfly (which feeds on the leaves). Introducing new species often leaves endemic and other local species unable to compete with the exotic species and unable to survive. The exotic organisms may be predators, parasites, or may simply outcompete indigenous species for nutrients, water and light.", "title": "Biodiversity" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kingdom of Belgium Koninkrijk België (Dutch) Royaume de Belgique (French) Königreich Belgien (German) Flag Coat of arms Motto: ``Eendracht maakt macht ''(Dutch)`` L'union fait la force'' (French) ``Einigkeit macht stark ''(German)`` Unity makes Strength'' Anthem: ``La Brabançonne ''`` The Brabantian'' Location of Belgium (dark green) -- in Europe (green & dark grey) -- in the European Union (green) Capital and largest city Brussels 50 ° 51 ′ N 4 ° 21 ′ E / 50.850 ° N 4.350 ° E / 50.850; 4.350 Official languages Dutch French German Ethnic groups see Demographics Religion (2015) 60.7% Christianity 32.0% No religion 5.2% Islam 2.1% Other religions Demonym Belgian Government Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy Monarch Philippe Prime Minister Charles Michel Legislature Federal Parliament Upper house Senate Lower house Chamber of Representatives Independence (from the Netherlands) Declared 4 October 1830 Recognised 19 April 1839 Area Total 30,528 km (11,787 sq mi) (136th) Water (%) 6.4 Population 1 January 2018 census 11,358,357 (75th) Density 372.06 / km (963.6 / sq mi) (36th) GDP (PPP) 2018 estimate Total $550.664 billion (38th) Per capita $48,258 (20th) GDP (nominal) 2016 estimate Total $562.229 billion (23rd) Per capita $49,272 (17th) Gini (2011) 26.3 low HDI (2014) 0.890 very high 21st Currency Euro (€) (EUR) Time zone CET (UTC + 1) Summer (DST) CEST (UTC + 2) Drives on the right Calling code + 32 ISO 3166 code BE Internet TLD. be The flag's official proportions of 13: 15 are rarely seen; proportions of 2: 3 or similar are more common. The Brussels region is the de facto capital, but the City of Brussels municipality is the de jure capital. The. eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states.", "title": "Belgium" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sylvain Côté (born January 19, 1966) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who spent 19 seasons in the NHL, the majority of them with the Washington Capitals. He also played for the Hartford Whalers, Toronto Maple Leafs, Chicago Blackhawks and Dallas Stars.", "title": "Sylvain Côté" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wing River is a tributary of the Leaf River in west-central Minnesota in the United States. Via the Leaf and Crow Wing rivers, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed. Wing River Township is named for the river.", "title": "Wing River (Leaf River tributary)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma (/ ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə / (listen); Pawnee: Uukuhuúwa, Cayuga: Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state in the South Central region of the United States. It is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the 50 United States. The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning ``red people. ''It is also known informally by its nickname,`` The Sooner State,'' in reference to the non-Native settlers who staked their claims on land before the official opening date and the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889, which dramatically increased European - American settlement in the Indian Territory. Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged and Indian was dropped from the name. On November 16, 1907, Oklahoma became the 46th state to enter the union. Its residents are known as Oklahomans, or informally as Okies, and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City.", "title": "Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In their second season under Babcock, Toronto secured the final Eastern Conference wildcard spot for the 2017 playoffs. On April 23, 2017, the Maple Leafs were eliminated from the playoffs by the top - seeded Washington Capitals. With a score of 2 -- 1 in the sixth game of the conference quarterfinals, Marcus Johansson scored the winner for the Capitals at 6: 31 into overtime.", "title": "Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bluffton is a city in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States, along the Leaf River. The population was 207 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Bluffton, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Indian capital city of Delhi has a long history, and has been an important political centre of India as the capital of several empires. Much of Delhi's ancient history finds no record and this may be regarded as a lost period of its history. Extensive coverage of Delhi's history begins with the onset of the Delhi Sultanate in the 12th century. Since then, Delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms, making Delhi one of the longest serving Capitals and one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world. It is considered to be a city built, destroyed and rebuilt several times, as outsiders who successfully invaded the Indian Subcontinent would ransack the existing capital city in Delhi, and those who came to conquer and stay would be so impressed by the city's strategic location as to make it their capital and rebuild it in their own way. The core of Delhi's tangible heritage is Hindu, Islamic (spanning over seven centuries of Islamic rule over the city) with expansive British - era architecture in Lutyens' Delhi dating to the British rule in India.", "title": "History of Delhi" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Redenção is a municipality in the state of Ceará, in the Northeast region of Brazil. located 55 km away from Fortaleza, the capital of the state. Redenção in Portuguese means redemption, and the city has this name because it was the first city in Brazil that abolished its slaves.", "title": "Redenção, Ceará" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The canton of Zürich ( ) is a Swiss canton in the northeastern part of the country. With a population of (as of ), it is the most populated canton in the country.. Its capital is the city of Zürich. The official language is German. The local Swiss German dialect, called \"Züritüütsch\", is commonly spoken. In English the name of the canton and its capital is often written without an umlaut.", "title": "Canton of Zürich" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trowulan is an archaeological site in Trowulan Subdistrict, Mojokerto Regency, in the Indonesian province of East Java. It includes approximately 100 square kilometres and has been theorized to be the site of the eponymous capital city of the Majapahit Empire, which is described by Mpu Prapanca in the 14th-century poem Nagarakretagama and in a 15th-century Chinese source. When it was the capital of the Majapahit Empire, the city was known as Wilwatikta, which is a name also synonymous with the empire's name. It was razed during the invasion of Girindrawardhana to defeat Kertabhumi in 1478. After this event Majapahit's capital was moved to Daha (Kediri). The Trowulan Museum includes a collection of artifacts.", "title": "Trowulan" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 608 area code currently covers much of southwestern Wisconsin, including the capital city of Madison as well as the cities of Waunakee, Mount Horeb, Verona, Sun Prairie, Monroe, Platteville, Lancaster, Portage, Baraboo, Wisconsin Dells, Beloit, Janesville, La Crosse, Prairie du Chien, Prairie du Sac, Sauk City, Viroqua and Sparta. It was created in 1955 as a split from area code 414, and was the third area code created in Wisconsin.", "title": "Area code 608" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gujarat Legislative Assembly or Gujarat Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Gujarat. It is situated in the capital Gandhinagar. Presently, 182 members of the Legislative Assembly are directly elected from the single - seat constituencies and one member is nominated. It has term of 5 years unless it is dissolved sooner. 13 constituencies are reserved for scheduled castes and 27 constituencies for scheduled tribes.", "title": "Gujarat Legislative Assembly" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when the city first became a capital. The Arabs shifted the Greek name into Balarm, the root for Palermo's present-day name. Following the Norman reconquest, Palermo became the capital of a new kingdom (from 1130 to 1816), the Kingdom of Sicily and the capital of the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor and Conrad IV of Germany, King of the Romans. Eventually Sicily would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860.", "title": "Palermo" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cucurucho is a local delicacy of the city of Baracoa in eastern Cuba. Wrapped in a cone-shaped palm leaf (hence the name: \"cucurucho\" - Spanish for cone or cornet), it is a mix of coconut, sugar and other ingredients such as orange, guava and pineapple.", "title": "Cucurucho" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Doonan is a suburb on the Sunshine Coast in Queensland, Australia. The name is believed to come from the Aboriginal word for leaf.", "title": "Doonan, Queensland" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hyderabad (i/ˈhaɪdərəˌbæd/ HY-dər-ə-bad; often /ˈhaɪdrəˌbæd/) is the capital of the southern Indian state of Telangana and de jure capital of Andhra Pradesh.[A] Occupying 650 square kilometres (250 sq mi) along the banks of the Musi River, it has a population of about 6.7 million and a metropolitan population of about 7.75 million, making it the fourth most populous city and sixth most populous urban agglomeration in India. At an average altitude of 542 metres (1,778 ft), much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes, including Hussain Sagar—predating the city's founding—north of the city centre.", "title": "Hyderabad" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Sooner or Later\" is a song recorded by American guitarist, singer-songwriter and music producer Larry Graham. The song, written and produced by Larry Graham, was released in 1982 by Warner Bros. Records. The song is included in his album of the same name.", "title": "Sooner or Later (Larry Graham song)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abuja (/ əˈbuːdʒə /) is the capital city of Nigeria located in the centre of the country within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). It is a planned city and was built mainly in the 1980s, replacing the country's most populous city of Lagos as the capital on 12 December 1991. Abuja's geography is defined by Aso Rock, a 400 - metre (1,300 ft) monolith left by water erosion. The Presidential Complex, National Assembly, Supreme Court and much of the city extend to the south of the rock. Zuma Rock, a 792 - metre (2,598 ft) monolith, lies just north of the city on the road to Kaduna State.", "title": "Abuja" } ]	What is the capitol of the country where the Prunus spinosa leaves much sooner?	Brussels	[]	Title: Area code 608 Passage: The 608 area code currently covers much of southwestern Wisconsin, including the capital city of Madison as well as the cities of Waunakee, Mount Horeb, Verona, Sun Prairie, Monroe, Platteville, Lancaster, Portage, Baraboo, Wisconsin Dells, Beloit, Janesville, La Crosse, Prairie du Chien, Prairie du Sac, Sauk City, Viroqua and Sparta. It was created in 1955 as a split from area code 414, and was the third area code created in Wisconsin. Title: Toronto Maple Leafs Passage: In their second season under Babcock, Toronto secured the final Eastern Conference wildcard spot for the 2017 playoffs. On April 23, 2017, the Maple Leafs were eliminated from the playoffs by the top - seeded Washington Capitals. With a score of 2 -- 1 in the sixth game of the conference quarterfinals, Marcus Johansson scored the winner for the Capitals at 6: 31 into overtime. Title: Abuja Passage: Abuja (/ əˈbuːdʒə /) is the capital city of Nigeria located in the centre of the country within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). It is a planned city and was built mainly in the 1980s, replacing the country's most populous city of Lagos as the capital on 12 December 1991. Abuja's geography is defined by Aso Rock, a 400 - metre (1,300 ft) monolith left by water erosion. The Presidential Complex, National Assembly, Supreme Court and much of the city extend to the south of the rock. Zuma Rock, a 792 - metre (2,598 ft) monolith, lies just north of the city on the road to Kaduna State. Title: History of Delhi Passage: The Indian capital city of Delhi has a long history, and has been an important political centre of India as the capital of several empires. Much of Delhi's ancient history finds no record and this may be regarded as a lost period of its history. Extensive coverage of Delhi's history begins with the onset of the Delhi Sultanate in the 12th century. Since then, Delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms, making Delhi one of the longest serving Capitals and one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world. It is considered to be a city built, destroyed and rebuilt several times, as outsiders who successfully invaded the Indian Subcontinent would ransack the existing capital city in Delhi, and those who came to conquer and stay would be so impressed by the city's strategic location as to make it their capital and rebuild it in their own way. The core of Delhi's tangible heritage is Hindu, Islamic (spanning over seven centuries of Islamic rule over the city) with expansive British - era architecture in Lutyens' Delhi dating to the British rule in India. Title: Palermo Passage: The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when the city first became a capital. The Arabs shifted the Greek name into Balarm, the root for Palermo's present-day name. Following the Norman reconquest, Palermo became the capital of a new kingdom (from 1130 to 1816), the Kingdom of Sicily and the capital of the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor and Conrad IV of Germany, King of the Romans. Eventually Sicily would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860. Title: Sooner or Later (Larry Graham song) Passage: "Sooner or Later" is a song recorded by American guitarist, singer-songwriter and music producer Larry Graham. The song, written and produced by Larry Graham, was released in 1982 by Warner Bros. Records. The song is included in his album of the same name. Title: Kim Il-sung Stadium Passage: Kim Il-sung Stadium is the name of a large multi-purpose stadium located in Pyongyang, the capital city of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Title: Hyderabad Passage: Hyderabad (i/ˈhaɪdərəˌbæd/ HY-dər-ə-bad; often /ˈhaɪdrəˌbæd/) is the capital of the southern Indian state of Telangana and de jure capital of Andhra Pradesh.[A] Occupying 650 square kilometres (250 sq mi) along the banks of the Musi River, it has a population of about 6.7 million and a metropolitan population of about 7.75 million, making it the fourth most populous city and sixth most populous urban agglomeration in India. At an average altitude of 542 metres (1,778 ft), much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes, including Hussain Sagar—predating the city's founding—north of the city centre. Title: Cucurucho Passage: Cucurucho is a local delicacy of the city of Baracoa in eastern Cuba. Wrapped in a cone-shaped palm leaf (hence the name: "cucurucho" - Spanish for cone or cornet), it is a mix of coconut, sugar and other ingredients such as orange, guava and pineapple. Title: Sylvain Côté Passage: Sylvain Côté (born January 19, 1966) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who spent 19 seasons in the NHL, the majority of them with the Washington Capitals. He also played for the Hartford Whalers, Toronto Maple Leafs, Chicago Blackhawks and Dallas Stars. Title: Redenção, Ceará Passage: Redenção is a municipality in the state of Ceará, in the Northeast region of Brazil. located 55 km away from Fortaleza, the capital of the state. Redenção in Portuguese means redemption, and the city has this name because it was the first city in Brazil that abolished its slaves. Title: Wing River (Leaf River tributary) Passage: The Wing River is a tributary of the Leaf River in west-central Minnesota in the United States. Via the Leaf and Crow Wing rivers, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed. Wing River Township is named for the river. Title: Belgium Passage: Kingdom of Belgium Koninkrijk België (Dutch) Royaume de Belgique (French) Königreich Belgien (German) Flag Coat of arms Motto: ``Eendracht maakt macht ''(Dutch)`` L'union fait la force'' (French) ``Einigkeit macht stark ''(German)`` Unity makes Strength'' Anthem: ``La Brabançonne ''`` The Brabantian'' Location of Belgium (dark green) -- in Europe (green & dark grey) -- in the European Union (green) Capital and largest city Brussels 50 ° 51 ′ N 4 ° 21 ′ E / 50.850 ° N 4.350 ° E / 50.850; 4.350 Official languages Dutch French German Ethnic groups see Demographics Religion (2015) 60.7% Christianity 32.0% No religion 5.2% Islam 2.1% Other religions Demonym Belgian Government Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy Monarch Philippe Prime Minister Charles Michel Legislature Federal Parliament Upper house Senate Lower house Chamber of Representatives Independence (from the Netherlands) Declared 4 October 1830 Recognised 19 April 1839 Area Total 30,528 km (11,787 sq mi) (136th) Water (%) 6.4 Population 1 January 2018 census 11,358,357 (75th) Density 372.06 / km (963.6 / sq mi) (36th) GDP (PPP) 2018 estimate Total $550.664 billion (38th) Per capita $48,258 (20th) GDP (nominal) 2016 estimate Total $562.229 billion (23rd) Per capita $49,272 (17th) Gini (2011) 26.3 low HDI (2014) 0.890 very high 21st Currency Euro (€) (EUR) Time zone CET (UTC + 1) Summer (DST) CEST (UTC + 2) Drives on the right Calling code + 32 ISO 3166 code BE Internet TLD. be The flag's official proportions of 13: 15 are rarely seen; proportions of 2: 3 or similar are more common. The Brussels region is the de facto capital, but the City of Brussels municipality is the de jure capital. The. eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states. Title: Oklahoma Passage: Oklahoma (/ ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə / (listen); Pawnee: Uukuhuúwa, Cayuga: Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state in the South Central region of the United States. It is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the 50 United States. The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning ``red people. ''It is also known informally by its nickname,`` The Sooner State,'' in reference to the non-Native settlers who staked their claims on land before the official opening date and the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889, which dramatically increased European - American settlement in the Indian Territory. Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged and Indian was dropped from the name. On November 16, 1907, Oklahoma became the 46th state to enter the union. Its residents are known as Oklahomans, or informally as Okies, and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City. Title: Doonan, Queensland Passage: Doonan is a suburb on the Sunshine Coast in Queensland, Australia. The name is believed to come from the Aboriginal word for leaf. Title: Canton of Zürich Passage: The canton of Zürich ( ) is a Swiss canton in the northeastern part of the country. With a population of (as of ), it is the most populated canton in the country.. Its capital is the city of Zürich. The official language is German. The local Swiss German dialect, called "Züritüütsch", is commonly spoken. In English the name of the canton and its capital is often written without an umlaut. Title: Gujarat Legislative Assembly Passage: Gujarat Legislative Assembly or Gujarat Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Gujarat. It is situated in the capital Gandhinagar. Presently, 182 members of the Legislative Assembly are directly elected from the single - seat constituencies and one member is nominated. It has term of 5 years unless it is dissolved sooner. 13 constituencies are reserved for scheduled castes and 27 constituencies for scheduled tribes. Title: Bluffton, Minnesota Passage: Bluffton is a city in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States, along the Leaf River. The population was 207 at the 2010 census. Title: Biodiversity Passage: Finally, an introduced species may unintentionally injure a species that depends on the species it replaces. In Belgium, Prunus spinosa from Eastern Europe leafs much sooner than its West European counterparts, disrupting the feeding habits of the Thecla betulae butterfly (which feeds on the leaves). Introducing new species often leaves endemic and other local species unable to compete with the exotic species and unable to survive. The exotic organisms may be predators, parasites, or may simply outcompete indigenous species for nutrients, water and light. Title: Trowulan Passage: Trowulan is an archaeological site in Trowulan Subdistrict, Mojokerto Regency, in the Indonesian province of East Java. It includes approximately 100 square kilometres and has been theorized to be the site of the eponymous capital city of the Majapahit Empire, which is described by Mpu Prapanca in the 14th-century poem Nagarakretagama and in a 15th-century Chinese source. When it was the capital of the Majapahit Empire, the city was known as Wilwatikta, which is a name also synonymous with the empire's name. It was razed during the invasion of Girindrawardhana to defeat Kertabhumi in 1478. After this event Majapahit's capital was moved to Daha (Kediri). The Trowulan Museum includes a collection of artifacts.	[ "Biodiversity", "Belgium" ]
2hop__135668_561444	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The story follows the experiences of a mongoose named Rikki - Tikki - Tavi (for his chattering vocalizations) after he is adopted into a British family residing in India, as a pet and as protection against cobras.", "title": "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kiryat Menachem bus bombing was a suicide bombing which occurred on November 21, 2002 in a public bus in the neighborhood of Kiryat Menachem in Jerusalem, Israel. 11 people were killed in the attack and over 50 were injured.", "title": "Kiryat Menachem bus bombing" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rabbi Yehuda Leib Schneersohn (1811 - 1866) was a Ukrainian Habad Hasidic rabbi, the second son of Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, and founder and first leader of Kopust Hasidism.", "title": "Yehuda Leib Schneersohn" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chaya Mushka Schneersohn was the daughter of Rabbi Dovber Schneuri, the second Rebbe of the Chabad Hasidic movement, and the wife of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn the third Rebbe.", "title": "Chaya Mushka Schneersohn" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chana Schneerson (1880-1964) was the wife of Rabbi Levi Yitzchak Schneerson, a Chabad Hasidic rabbi in Yekatrinoslav, Ukraine and the mother of the seventh Chabad-Lubavitch Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson.", "title": "Chana Schneerson" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Menachem Mendel Schneerson and Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn were both descendants of Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, known as the Tzemach Tzedek, the third Rebbe of Chabad Lubavitch. Schneerson later commented that the day of his marriage bound the community to him and him to the community.", "title": "Menachem Mendel Schneerson" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gahal (, an acronym for \"Gush Herut-Liberalim\" (Hebrew: ), \"lit.\" Herut-Liberals Bloc) was the main right-leaning political alliance, ranging from the centre-right to right-wing, in Israel led by Menachem Begin from its founding in 1965 until the establishment of Likud in 1973.", "title": "Gahal" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hugo Marie de Vries ForMemRS (Dutch pronunciation: (ˈɦyɣoː də ˈvris); 16 February 1848 -- 21 May 1935) was a Dutch botanist and one of the first geneticists. He is known chiefly for suggesting the concept of genes, rediscovering the laws of heredity in the 1890s while unaware of Gregor Mendel's work, for introducing the term ``mutation '', and for developing a mutation theory of evolution.", "title": "Hugo de Vries" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The modern synthesis was the early 20th - century synthesis reconciling Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and Gregor Mendel's ideas on heredity in a joint mathematical framework. Julian Huxley coined the term in his 1942 book, Evolution: The Modern Synthesis.", "title": "Modern synthesis (20th century)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prior to the release of Foo Fighters' 1995 debut album Foo Fighters, which featured Grohl as the only official member, Grohl recruited bassist Nate Mendel and drummer William Goldsmith, both formerly of Sunny Day Real Estate, as well as Nirvana touring guitarist Pat Smear to complete the lineup. The band began with performances in Portland, Oregon. Goldsmith quit during the recording of the group's second album, The Colour and the Shape (1997), when most of the drum parts were re-recorded by Grohl himself. Smear's departure followed soon afterward, though he would rejoin them in 2006.", "title": "Foo Fighters" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emanuel Lehman (born Mendel Lehmann; February 15, 1827 – January 10, 1907) was a German born, American banker. The younger brother of Henry Lehman, he was a co-founder of Lehman Brothers.", "title": "Emanuel Lehman" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The discoverer of genetics is Gregor Mendel, a late 19th - century scientist and Augustinian friar. Mendel studied ``trait inheritance '', patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete`` units of inheritance''. This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene.", "title": "Genetics" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The concept of dominance was introduced by Gregor Johann Mendel. Though Mendel, ``The Father of Genetics '', first used the term in the 1860s, it was not widely known until the early twentieth century. Mendel observed that, for a variety of traits of garden peas having to do with the appearance of seeds, seed pods, and plants, there were two discrete phenotypes, such as round versus wrinkled seeds, yellow versus green seeds, red versus white flowers or tall versus short plants. When bred separately, the plants always produced the same phenotypes, generation after generation. However, when lines with different phenotypes were crossed (interbred), one and only one of the parental phenotypes showed up in the offspring (green, or round, or red, or tall). However, when these hybrid plants were crossed, the offspring plants showed the two original phenotypes, in a characteristic 3: 1 ratio, the more common phenotype being that of the parental hybrid plants. Mendel reasoned that each parent in the first cross was a homozygote for different alleles (one parent AA and the other parent aa), that each contributed one allele to the offspring, with the result that all of these hybrids were heterozygotes (Aa), and that one of the two alleles in the hybrid cross dominated expression of the other: A masked a. The final cross between two heterozygotes (Aa X Aa) would produce AA, Aa, and aa offspring in a 1: 2: 1 genotype ratio with the first two classes showing the (A) phenotype, and the last showing the (a) phenotype, thereby producing the 3: 1 phenotype ratio.", "title": "Dominance (genetics)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The existence of discrete inheritable units was first suggested by Gregor Mendel (1822–1884). From 1857 to 1864, he studied inheritance patterns in 8000 common edible pea plants, tracking distinct traits from parent to offspring. He described these mathematically as 2n combinations where n is the number of differing characteristics in the original peas. Although he did not use the term gene, he explained his results in terms of discrete inherited units that give rise to observable physical characteristics. This description prefigured the distinction between genotype (the genetic material of an organism) and phenotype (the visible traits of that organism). Mendel was also the first to demonstrate independent assortment, the distinction between dominant and recessive traits, the distinction between a heterozygote and homozygote, and the phenomenon of discontinuous inheritance.", "title": "Gene" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "More Than This is a young adult novel by Patrick Ness, published by Candlewick Press in 2013. It follows a teenage boy named Seth who, after drowning in the ocean, wakes up alone on a desolate suburban English street in what he believes to be hell.", "title": "More Than This (novel)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fényi is a small lunar crater on the far side of the Moon. It lies near the southern edge of the huge, braided skirt of ejecta that surrounds the Orientale impact Basin to the north. Less than two crater diameters to the southwest is the much larger crater Mendel.", "title": "Fényi (crater)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1977 Knesset elections marked a major turning point in Israeli political history as Menachem Begin's Likud party took control from the Labor Party. Later that year, Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat made a trip to Israel and spoke before the Knesset in what was the first recognition of Israel by an Arab head of state. In the two years that followed, Sadat and Begin signed the Camp David Accords (1978) and the Israel–Egypt Peace Treaty (1979). In return, Israel withdrew from the Sinai Peninsula, which Israel had captured during the Six-Day War in 1967, and agreed to enter negotiations over an autonomy for Palestinians in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The fault was identified in 1895 by Professor Andrew Lawson of UC Berkeley, who discovered the northern zone. It is often described as having been named after San Andreas Lake, a small body of water that was formed in a valley between the two plates. However, according to some of his reports from 1895 and 1908, Lawson actually named it after the surrounding San Andreas Valley. Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, Lawson concluded that the fault extended all the way into southern California.", "title": "San Andreas Fault" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prior to Mendel's work, the dominant theory of heredity was one of blending inheritance, which suggested that each parent contributed fluids to the fertilisation process and that the traits of the parents blended and mixed to produce the offspring. Charles Darwin developed a theory of inheritance he termed pangenesis, which used the term gemmule to describe hypothetical particles that would mix during reproduction. Although Mendel's work was largely unrecognized after its first publication in 1866, it was 'rediscovered' in 1900 by three European scientists, Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, and Erich von Tschermak, who claimed to have reached similar conclusions in their own research.", "title": "Gene" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In physics, the Thomas precession, named after Llewellyn Thomas, is a relativistic correction that applies to the spin of an elementary particle or the rotation of a macroscopic gyroscope and relates the angular velocity of the spin of a particle following a curvilinear orbit to the angular velocity of the orbital motion.", "title": "Thomas precession" } ]	Who is daughter to the third Rebbe of Chabad Lubavitch, named after his father?	Dovber Schneuri	[]	Title: Genetics Passage: The discoverer of genetics is Gregor Mendel, a late 19th - century scientist and Augustinian friar. Mendel studied ``trait inheritance '', patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete`` units of inheritance''. This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene. Title: Gene Passage: Prior to Mendel's work, the dominant theory of heredity was one of blending inheritance, which suggested that each parent contributed fluids to the fertilisation process and that the traits of the parents blended and mixed to produce the offspring. Charles Darwin developed a theory of inheritance he termed pangenesis, which used the term gemmule to describe hypothetical particles that would mix during reproduction. Although Mendel's work was largely unrecognized after its first publication in 1866, it was 'rediscovered' in 1900 by three European scientists, Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, and Erich von Tschermak, who claimed to have reached similar conclusions in their own research. Title: Rikki-Tikki-Tavi Passage: The story follows the experiences of a mongoose named Rikki - Tikki - Tavi (for his chattering vocalizations) after he is adopted into a British family residing in India, as a pet and as protection against cobras. Title: Chaya Mushka Schneersohn Passage: Chaya Mushka Schneersohn was the daughter of Rabbi Dovber Schneuri, the second Rebbe of the Chabad Hasidic movement, and the wife of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn the third Rebbe. Title: Israel Passage: The 1977 Knesset elections marked a major turning point in Israeli political history as Menachem Begin's Likud party took control from the Labor Party. Later that year, Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat made a trip to Israel and spoke before the Knesset in what was the first recognition of Israel by an Arab head of state. In the two years that followed, Sadat and Begin signed the Camp David Accords (1978) and the Israel–Egypt Peace Treaty (1979). In return, Israel withdrew from the Sinai Peninsula, which Israel had captured during the Six-Day War in 1967, and agreed to enter negotiations over an autonomy for Palestinians in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Title: Gene Passage: The existence of discrete inheritable units was first suggested by Gregor Mendel (1822–1884). From 1857 to 1864, he studied inheritance patterns in 8000 common edible pea plants, tracking distinct traits from parent to offspring. He described these mathematically as 2n combinations where n is the number of differing characteristics in the original peas. Although he did not use the term gene, he explained his results in terms of discrete inherited units that give rise to observable physical characteristics. This description prefigured the distinction between genotype (the genetic material of an organism) and phenotype (the visible traits of that organism). Mendel was also the first to demonstrate independent assortment, the distinction between dominant and recessive traits, the distinction between a heterozygote and homozygote, and the phenomenon of discontinuous inheritance. Title: Foo Fighters Passage: Prior to the release of Foo Fighters' 1995 debut album Foo Fighters, which featured Grohl as the only official member, Grohl recruited bassist Nate Mendel and drummer William Goldsmith, both formerly of Sunny Day Real Estate, as well as Nirvana touring guitarist Pat Smear to complete the lineup. The band began with performances in Portland, Oregon. Goldsmith quit during the recording of the group's second album, The Colour and the Shape (1997), when most of the drum parts were re-recorded by Grohl himself. Smear's departure followed soon afterward, though he would rejoin them in 2006. Title: Modern synthesis (20th century) Passage: The modern synthesis was the early 20th - century synthesis reconciling Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and Gregor Mendel's ideas on heredity in a joint mathematical framework. Julian Huxley coined the term in his 1942 book, Evolution: The Modern Synthesis. Title: Emanuel Lehman Passage: Emanuel Lehman (born Mendel Lehmann; February 15, 1827 – January 10, 1907) was a German born, American banker. The younger brother of Henry Lehman, he was a co-founder of Lehman Brothers. Title: San Andreas Fault Passage: The fault was identified in 1895 by Professor Andrew Lawson of UC Berkeley, who discovered the northern zone. It is often described as having been named after San Andreas Lake, a small body of water that was formed in a valley between the two plates. However, according to some of his reports from 1895 and 1908, Lawson actually named it after the surrounding San Andreas Valley. Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, Lawson concluded that the fault extended all the way into southern California. Title: More Than This (novel) Passage: More Than This is a young adult novel by Patrick Ness, published by Candlewick Press in 2013. It follows a teenage boy named Seth who, after drowning in the ocean, wakes up alone on a desolate suburban English street in what he believes to be hell. Title: Dominance (genetics) Passage: The concept of dominance was introduced by Gregor Johann Mendel. Though Mendel, ``The Father of Genetics '', first used the term in the 1860s, it was not widely known until the early twentieth century. Mendel observed that, for a variety of traits of garden peas having to do with the appearance of seeds, seed pods, and plants, there were two discrete phenotypes, such as round versus wrinkled seeds, yellow versus green seeds, red versus white flowers or tall versus short plants. When bred separately, the plants always produced the same phenotypes, generation after generation. However, when lines with different phenotypes were crossed (interbred), one and only one of the parental phenotypes showed up in the offspring (green, or round, or red, or tall). However, when these hybrid plants were crossed, the offspring plants showed the two original phenotypes, in a characteristic 3: 1 ratio, the more common phenotype being that of the parental hybrid plants. Mendel reasoned that each parent in the first cross was a homozygote for different alleles (one parent AA and the other parent aa), that each contributed one allele to the offspring, with the result that all of these hybrids were heterozygotes (Aa), and that one of the two alleles in the hybrid cross dominated expression of the other: A masked a. The final cross between two heterozygotes (Aa X Aa) would produce AA, Aa, and aa offspring in a 1: 2: 1 genotype ratio with the first two classes showing the (A) phenotype, and the last showing the (a) phenotype, thereby producing the 3: 1 phenotype ratio. Title: Fényi (crater) Passage: Fényi is a small lunar crater on the far side of the Moon. It lies near the southern edge of the huge, braided skirt of ejecta that surrounds the Orientale impact Basin to the north. Less than two crater diameters to the southwest is the much larger crater Mendel. Title: Menachem Mendel Schneerson Passage: Menachem Mendel Schneerson and Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn were both descendants of Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, known as the Tzemach Tzedek, the third Rebbe of Chabad Lubavitch. Schneerson later commented that the day of his marriage bound the community to him and him to the community. Title: Hugo de Vries Passage: Hugo Marie de Vries ForMemRS (Dutch pronunciation: (ˈɦyɣoː də ˈvris); 16 February 1848 -- 21 May 1935) was a Dutch botanist and one of the first geneticists. He is known chiefly for suggesting the concept of genes, rediscovering the laws of heredity in the 1890s while unaware of Gregor Mendel's work, for introducing the term ``mutation '', and for developing a mutation theory of evolution. Title: Kiryat Menachem bus bombing Passage: The Kiryat Menachem bus bombing was a suicide bombing which occurred on November 21, 2002 in a public bus in the neighborhood of Kiryat Menachem in Jerusalem, Israel. 11 people were killed in the attack and over 50 were injured. Title: Yehuda Leib Schneersohn Passage: Rabbi Yehuda Leib Schneersohn (1811 - 1866) was a Ukrainian Habad Hasidic rabbi, the second son of Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, and founder and first leader of Kopust Hasidism. Title: Gahal Passage: Gahal (, an acronym for "Gush Herut-Liberalim" (Hebrew: ), "lit." Herut-Liberals Bloc) was the main right-leaning political alliance, ranging from the centre-right to right-wing, in Israel led by Menachem Begin from its founding in 1965 until the establishment of Likud in 1973. Title: Chana Schneerson Passage: Chana Schneerson (1880-1964) was the wife of Rabbi Levi Yitzchak Schneerson, a Chabad Hasidic rabbi in Yekatrinoslav, Ukraine and the mother of the seventh Chabad-Lubavitch Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson. Title: Thomas precession Passage: In physics, the Thomas precession, named after Llewellyn Thomas, is a relativistic correction that applies to the spin of an elementary particle or the rotation of a macroscopic gyroscope and relates the angular velocity of the spin of a particle following a curvilinear orbit to the angular velocity of the orbital motion.	[ "Chaya Mushka Schneersohn", "Menachem Mendel Schneerson" ]
2hop__788306_131879	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sea of Sardinia is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea between the Spanish archipelago of Balearic Islands and the Italian island of Sardinia.", "title": "Sea of Sardinia" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Among the smaller mammals, porcupine and hare are common, but the pangolin is rare. The reptiles are represented by the mugger crocodile, tortoise and monitor lizard which inhabit the sanctuary's bodies of water. Snakes are found in the bush and forest. Pythons are sighted at times along the stream banks. Gir has been used by the Gujarat State Forest Department which formed the Indian Crocodile Conservation Project in 1977 and released close to 1000 marsh crocodiles into Lake Kamaleshwar and other small bodies of water in and around Gir.", "title": "Gir National Park" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The River Ekulu is a long river and the largest body of water in the city of Enugu in Enugu State, southeastern Nigeria, and it originates in the same city as well.", "title": "Ekulu River" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause mineral or organic particles (detritus) to settle in place. The particles that form a sedimentary rock by accumulating are called sediment. Before being deposited, the sediment was formed by weathering and erosion from the source area, and then transported to the place of deposition by water, wind, ice, mass movement or glaciers, which are called agents of denudation. Sedimentation may also occur as minerals precipitate from water solution or shells of aquatic creatures settle out of suspension.", "title": "Sedimentary rock" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1926 Men's European Water Polo Championship was the 1st edition of the event, organised by the Europe's governing body in aquatics, the Ligue Européenne de Natation. The event took place between 18–22 August in Budapest, Hungary as an integrated part of the 1926 European Aquatics Championships.", "title": "1926 Men's European Water Polo Championship" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Secchi disk, as created in 1865 by Angelo Secchi, is a plain white, circular disk in diameter used to measure water transparency or turbidity in bodies of water. The disc is mounted on a pole or line, and lowered slowly down in the water. The depth at which the disk is no longer visible is taken as a measure of the transparency of the water. This measure is known as the Secchi depth and is related to water turbidity. Since its invention, the disk has also been used in a modified, smaller diameter, black and white design to measure freshwater transparency.", "title": "Secchi disk" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rocher Déboulé Range, formerly known as the Roche Déboulé Mountains, is a subrange of the Bulkley Ranges, located south of Hazelton in northern British Columbia, Canada.", "title": "Rocher Déboulé Range" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dead Horse Bay is a small water body off Barren Island, between the Gerritsen Inlet and Rockaway Inlet in the New York City borough of Brooklyn.", "title": "Dead Horse Bay" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "His next first-class appearance came the following season for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians, with Hazelton taking career best figures of 6/45 in the West Indians first-innings, this after he took 4 wickets in their first-innings, which gave him his only ten wicket haul in a match. Further first-class appearances came for the Gentleman in 1928, the North, the Minor Counties against the touring South Africans in 1929, and the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1930 against Yorkshire. Overall, Hazelton took 23 first-class wickets at an average of 27.00. He played Minor counties cricket for Buckinghamshire until 1931, having made a total of 68 Minor Counties Championship appearances.", "title": "Wyndham Hazelton" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Temvik is a ghost town in Emmons County, North Dakota, United States. It is situated between Linton and Hazelton, North Dakota. The town had a school and several grain elevators early in the twentieth century; all that remains today is a farm.", "title": "Temvik, North Dakota" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Potamogeton amplifolius, commonly known as largeleaf pondweed or broad-leaved pondweed, is an aquatic plant of North America. It grows in water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and rivers, often in deep water.", "title": "Potamogeton amplifolius" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Quandong is a bounded rural locality in Victoria, Australia. It is within the local government area of the City of Wyndham.", "title": "Quandong, Victoria" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River.", "title": "Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Helena is a body of water along Prickly Pear Creek in the Helena Valley of Lewis and Clark County in southwestern Montana. It is in size and is above sea level.", "title": "Lake Helena" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wijilawarrim (also referred to as Molly Springs) is a small Aboriginal community, located proximate to Kununurra in the Kimberley Region of Western Australia, within the Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley.", "title": "Wijilawarrim Community" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Buckingham and the surrounding area has been settled for some time with evidence of Roman settlement found in several sites close the River Great Ouse, including a temple south of the A421 at Bourton Grounds which was excavated in the 1960s and dated to the 3rd century AD. A possible Roman building was identified at Castle Fields in the 19th century. Pottery, kiln furniture and areas of burning found at Buckingham industrial estate suggest the site of some early Roman pottery kilns here.", "title": "Buckingham" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Walker Pond is a body of water in Sturbridge, Massachusetts, situated off Route 49 on the way to Wells State Park.", "title": "Walker Pond" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wapizagonke Lake is one of the bodies of water located the sector \"Lac-Wapizagonke\", in the city of Shawinigan, in the La Mauricie National Park, in the region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Wapizagonke Lake" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The coastline is inhabited by marine mammals, like sea lions, elephant seals and fur seals. Southern right whales can be found in Golfo Nuevo and Golfo San José, protected bodies of water located between the peninsula and the Patagonian mainland. These baleen whales come here between May and December, for mating and giving birth, because the water in the gulf is quieter and warmer than in the open sea. Orcas can be found off the coast, in the open sea off the peninsula. In this area, they are known to beach themselves on shore to capture sea lions and elephant seals.", "title": "Valdes Peninsula" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Plankton (singular plankter) are the diverse collection of organisms that live in the water column of large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current. They provide a crucial source of food to many large aquatic organisms, such as fish and whales.", "title": "Plankton" } ]	Which body of water is by Wyndham Hazelton's birthplace?	River Great Ouse	[ "Great Ouse" ]	Title: Wijilawarrim Community Passage: Wijilawarrim (also referred to as Molly Springs) is a small Aboriginal community, located proximate to Kununurra in the Kimberley Region of Western Australia, within the Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley. Title: Temvik, North Dakota Passage: Temvik is a ghost town in Emmons County, North Dakota, United States. It is situated between Linton and Hazelton, North Dakota. The town had a school and several grain elevators early in the twentieth century; all that remains today is a farm. Title: Potamogeton amplifolius Passage: Potamogeton amplifolius, commonly known as largeleaf pondweed or broad-leaved pondweed, is an aquatic plant of North America. It grows in water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and rivers, often in deep water. Title: Dead Horse Bay Passage: Dead Horse Bay is a small water body off Barren Island, between the Gerritsen Inlet and Rockaway Inlet in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Title: Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire) Passage: Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River. Title: Secchi disk Passage: The Secchi disk, as created in 1865 by Angelo Secchi, is a plain white, circular disk in diameter used to measure water transparency or turbidity in bodies of water. The disc is mounted on a pole or line, and lowered slowly down in the water. The depth at which the disk is no longer visible is taken as a measure of the transparency of the water. This measure is known as the Secchi depth and is related to water turbidity. Since its invention, the disk has also been used in a modified, smaller diameter, black and white design to measure freshwater transparency. Title: Plankton Passage: Plankton (singular plankter) are the diverse collection of organisms that live in the water column of large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current. They provide a crucial source of food to many large aquatic organisms, such as fish and whales. Title: Quandong, Victoria Passage: Quandong is a bounded rural locality in Victoria, Australia. It is within the local government area of the City of Wyndham. Title: Wyndham Hazelton Passage: His next first-class appearance came the following season for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians, with Hazelton taking career best figures of 6/45 in the West Indians first-innings, this after he took 4 wickets in their first-innings, which gave him his only ten wicket haul in a match. Further first-class appearances came for the Gentleman in 1928, the North, the Minor Counties against the touring South Africans in 1929, and the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1930 against Yorkshire. Overall, Hazelton took 23 first-class wickets at an average of 27.00. He played Minor counties cricket for Buckinghamshire until 1931, having made a total of 68 Minor Counties Championship appearances. Title: Rocher Déboulé Range Passage: The Rocher Déboulé Range, formerly known as the Roche Déboulé Mountains, is a subrange of the Bulkley Ranges, located south of Hazelton in northern British Columbia, Canada. Title: Walker Pond Passage: Walker Pond is a body of water in Sturbridge, Massachusetts, situated off Route 49 on the way to Wells State Park. Title: Sea of Sardinia Passage: The Sea of Sardinia is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea between the Spanish archipelago of Balearic Islands and the Italian island of Sardinia. Title: Valdes Peninsula Passage: The coastline is inhabited by marine mammals, like sea lions, elephant seals and fur seals. Southern right whales can be found in Golfo Nuevo and Golfo San José, protected bodies of water located between the peninsula and the Patagonian mainland. These baleen whales come here between May and December, for mating and giving birth, because the water in the gulf is quieter and warmer than in the open sea. Orcas can be found off the coast, in the open sea off the peninsula. In this area, they are known to beach themselves on shore to capture sea lions and elephant seals. Title: Sedimentary rock Passage: Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause mineral or organic particles (detritus) to settle in place. The particles that form a sedimentary rock by accumulating are called sediment. Before being deposited, the sediment was formed by weathering and erosion from the source area, and then transported to the place of deposition by water, wind, ice, mass movement or glaciers, which are called agents of denudation. Sedimentation may also occur as minerals precipitate from water solution or shells of aquatic creatures settle out of suspension. Title: Lake Helena Passage: Lake Helena is a body of water along Prickly Pear Creek in the Helena Valley of Lewis and Clark County in southwestern Montana. It is in size and is above sea level. Title: Ekulu River Passage: The River Ekulu is a long river and the largest body of water in the city of Enugu in Enugu State, southeastern Nigeria, and it originates in the same city as well. Title: Wapizagonke Lake Passage: The Wapizagonke Lake is one of the bodies of water located the sector "Lac-Wapizagonke", in the city of Shawinigan, in the La Mauricie National Park, in the region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada. Title: Gir National Park Passage: Among the smaller mammals, porcupine and hare are common, but the pangolin is rare. The reptiles are represented by the mugger crocodile, tortoise and monitor lizard which inhabit the sanctuary's bodies of water. Snakes are found in the bush and forest. Pythons are sighted at times along the stream banks. Gir has been used by the Gujarat State Forest Department which formed the Indian Crocodile Conservation Project in 1977 and released close to 1000 marsh crocodiles into Lake Kamaleshwar and other small bodies of water in and around Gir. Title: 1926 Men's European Water Polo Championship Passage: The 1926 Men's European Water Polo Championship was the 1st edition of the event, organised by the Europe's governing body in aquatics, the Ligue Européenne de Natation. The event took place between 18–22 August in Budapest, Hungary as an integrated part of the 1926 European Aquatics Championships. Title: Buckingham Passage: Buckingham and the surrounding area has been settled for some time with evidence of Roman settlement found in several sites close the River Great Ouse, including a temple south of the A421 at Bourton Grounds which was excavated in the 1960s and dated to the 3rd century AD. A possible Roman building was identified at Castle Fields in the 19th century. Pottery, kiln furniture and areas of burning found at Buckingham industrial estate suggest the site of some early Roman pottery kilns here.	[ "Wyndham Hazelton", "Buckingham" ]
2hop__96177_62765	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anton Viktorovich Yelchin (11 March 1989 -- 19 June 2016) was an American actor. He played Pavel Chekov in three Star Trek films: Star Trek (2009), Star Trek Into Darkness (2013), and the posthumously released Star Trek Beyond (2016).", "title": "Anton Yelchin" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dark Tourist (also known as The Grief Tourist) is a 2012 American psychological thriller film directed by Suri Krishnamma, written by Frank John Hughes, and starring Michael Cudlitz, Melanie Griffith, and Pruitt Taylor Vince. Cudlitz plays a bigoted security guard who engages in dark tourism. It premiered at Filmfest München on July 3, 2012, and Phase 4 Films released it theatrically on August 23, 2013.", "title": "Dark Tourist" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grier Raggio is an American attorney and politician. He was a Democratic candidate in the 2010 election for the United States House of Representatives seat in Texas's 32nd congressional district. The race had been named by \"The Hill\" as one of ten dark horse races in the nation.", "title": "Grier Raggio" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bulletin of Volcanology is a peer reviewed scientific journal that is published ten times per year by Springer Science+Business Media. It is the official journal of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI). The focus of the journal is volcanoes, volcanic products, eruptive behavior, and volcanic hazards. The Executive Editor is James DL White.", "title": "Bulletin of Volcanology" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In a Forest, Dark and Deep is a play by Neil LaBute. It received its world premiere production in the West End's Vaudeville Theatre on 14 March 2011 following previews from 3 March 2011, running for a limited season until 4 June 2011. The production starred Matthew Fox and Olivia Williams.", "title": "In a Forest, Dark and Deep" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Hazard of Hearts is a made-for-television romantic film starring Helena Bonham Carter in one of her first major roles. Based on a novel by Barbara Cartland, it was released in 1987.", "title": "A Hazard of Hearts" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Dark Hazard is 1934 American drama film starring Edward G. Robinson and directed by Alfred E. Green. It is based on a novel by W. R. Burnett. It was produced by First National Pictures and released through Warner Bros..", "title": "Dark Hazard" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ten Modern Commandments is a 1927 American silent romantic comedy-drama film that starred Esther Ralston and was distributed through Paramount Pictures. It is based on an original screen story and was directed by Dorothy Arzner.", "title": "Ten Modern Commandments" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daniel Dobbins (January 5, 1776 – February 29, 1856) was a sailing master in the United States Navy and captain in the United States Revenue Cutter Service. He fought in the War of 1812 and was in charge of the building of the ships at Erie, Pennsylvania that Oliver Hazard Perry commanded in the Battle of Lake Erie.", "title": "Daniel Dobbins" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dark Victory is a 1939 American drama film directed by Edmund Goulding, starring Bette Davis and featuring George Brent, Humphrey Bogart, Geraldine Fitzgerald, Ronald Reagan, Henry Travers and Cora Witherspoon. The screenplay by Casey Robinson was based on the 1934 play of the same title by George Brewer and Bertram Bloch, starring Tallulah Bankhead.", "title": "Dark Victory" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christopher Pike is a character in the Star Trek science fiction franchise. He was portrayed by Jeffrey Hunter in the original Star Trek pilot episode, ``The Cage '', as captain of the USS Enterprise. The pilot was rejected, and the character was dropped during development of the second pilot when Hunter decided that he did not want to continue with the series. Sean Kenney portrayed the physically disabled Christopher Pike in new footage filmed for a subsequent Star Trek episode,`` The Menagerie'', which also re-uses original footage featuring Hunter from ``The Cage ''. Bruce Greenwood portrays Pike in the 2009 film Star Trek and its 2013 sequel, Star Trek Into Darkness. Captain Pike and the Enterprise appear in the second season of Star Trek: Discovery; the trailer for the season shows Pike (Anson Mount) taking temporary command of the USS Discovery in a crisis situation.", "title": "Christopher Pike (Star Trek)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2004, Oldman returned to prominence when he landed a significant role in the Harry Potter film series, playing Harry Potter's godfather Sirius Black. The following year, he starred as James Gordon in Christopher Nolan's commercially and critically successful Batman Begins, a role that he reprised in the even more successful sequel The Dark Knight (2008) and once more in the conclusion, The Dark Knight Rises (2012). Prominent film critic Mark Kermode, in reviewing The Dark Knight, downplayed claims that Heath Ledger's Joker was the highlight of the film, saying, ``the best performance in the film, by a mile, is Gary Oldman's... it would be lovely to see him get a (n Academy Award) nomination because actually, he's the guy who gets kind of overlooked in all of this. ''Oldman co-starred with Jim Carrey in the 2009 version of A Christmas Carol in which Oldman played three roles. He had a starring role in David Goyer's supernatural thriller The Unborn, released in 2009. In 2010, Oldman co-starred with Denzel Washington in The Book of Eli. He also played a lead role in Catherine Hardwicke's Red Riding Hood. Oldman voiced the role of villain Lord Shen and was nominated for an Annie Award for his performance in Kung Fu Panda 2.", "title": "Gary Oldman" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Honour thy father and thy mother ''is one of the Ten Commandments in the Hebrew Bible. The commandment is generally regarded in Protestant and Jewish sources as the fifth in both the list in Exodus 20: 1 -- 21, and in Deuteronomy (Dvarim) 5: 1 -- 23. Catholics count this as the fourth.", "title": "Honour thy father and thy mother" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Sawmill Hazard is a 1913 American short silent film drama. The film starred Earle Foxe and Alice Hollister in the lead roles.", "title": "A Sawmill Hazard" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Karl - Heinz Urban (born 7 June 1972) is a New Zealand actor. He is known for playing Julius Caesar and Cupid in Xena: Warrior Princess and Hercules: The Legendary Journeys, Éomer in the second and third instalments of Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings trilogy, Vaako in the second and third instalments of the Riddick film series, Dr. Leonard ``Bones ''McCoy in Star Trek, Star Trek Into Darkness and Star Trek Beyond, and Judge Dredd in Dredd. He won acclaim for his performances in New Zealand films The Price of Milk and Out of the Blue. He also played the main character John Kennex in the short - lived television series Almost Human. He plays Skurge in the 2017 Marvel Studios film Thor: Ragnarok.", "title": "Karl Urban" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Ten Commandments is a 1956 American epic religious drama film produced, directed, and narrated by Cecil B. DeMille, shot in VistaVision (color by Technicolor), and released by Paramount Pictures. The film is based on Prince of Egypt by Dorothy Clarke Wilson, Pillar of Fire by J.H. Ingraham, On Eagle's Wings by A.E. Southon, and the Book of Exodus. The Ten Commandments dramatizes the biblical story of the life of Moses, an adopted Egyptian prince who becomes the deliverer of his real brethren, the enslaved Hebrews, and therefore leads the Exodus to Mount Sinai, where he receives, from God, the Ten Commandments. The film stars Charlton Heston in the lead role, Yul Brynner as Rameses, Anne Baxter as Nefretiri, Edward G. Robinson as Dathan, Yvonne De Carlo as Sephora, Debra Paget as Lilia, and John Derek as Joshua; and features Sir Cedric Hardwicke as Sethi, Nina Foch as Bithiah, Martha Scott as Yoshebel, Judith Anderson as Memnet, and Vincent Price as Baka, among others.", "title": "The Ten Commandments (1956 film)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In astrophysics and physical cosmology, Olbers' paradox, named after the German astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers (1758–1840), also known as the \"dark night sky paradox\", is the argument that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the assumption of an infinite and eternal static universe. The darkness of the night sky is one of the pieces of evidence for a dynamic universe, such as the Big Bang model. In the hypothetical case that the universe is static, homogeneous at a large scale, and populated by an infinite number of stars, then any line of sight from Earth must end at the (very bright) surface of a star and hence the night sky should be completely illuminated and very bright. This contradicts the observed darkness and non-uniformity of the night.", "title": "Olbers' paradox" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dark Tower is a 2017 American science fantasy western film directed and co-written by Nikolaj Arcel. A continuation of Stephen King's novel series of the same name, the film stars Idris Elba as Roland Deschain, a gunslinger on a quest to protect the Dark Tower -- a mythical structure which supports all realities -- while Matthew McConaughey plays his nemesis, Walter Padick, the Man in Black, and Tom Taylor stars as Jake Chambers, a New York boy who becomes Roland's apprentice.", "title": "The Dark Tower (2017 film)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ten Commandments is a 1923 American silent religious epic film produced and directed by Cecil B. DeMille. Written by Jeanie MacPherson, the film is divided into two parts: a prologue recreating the biblical story of the Exodus and a modern story concerning two brothers and their respective views of the Ten Commandments.", "title": "The Ten Commandments (1923 film)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guy Williams played Professor John Robinson, expert in astrophysics and geology, who commanded the mission of the Jupiter 2 spaceship, taking his family in a voyage to colonize the Alpha Centauri star system.", "title": "Guy Williams (actor)" } ]	Who did the star of Dark Hazard play in The Ten Commandments?	Dathan	[]	Title: Olbers' paradox Passage: In astrophysics and physical cosmology, Olbers' paradox, named after the German astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers (1758–1840), also known as the "dark night sky paradox", is the argument that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the assumption of an infinite and eternal static universe. The darkness of the night sky is one of the pieces of evidence for a dynamic universe, such as the Big Bang model. In the hypothetical case that the universe is static, homogeneous at a large scale, and populated by an infinite number of stars, then any line of sight from Earth must end at the (very bright) surface of a star and hence the night sky should be completely illuminated and very bright. This contradicts the observed darkness and non-uniformity of the night. Title: Christopher Pike (Star Trek) Passage: Christopher Pike is a character in the Star Trek science fiction franchise. He was portrayed by Jeffrey Hunter in the original Star Trek pilot episode, ``The Cage '', as captain of the USS Enterprise. The pilot was rejected, and the character was dropped during development of the second pilot when Hunter decided that he did not want to continue with the series. Sean Kenney portrayed the physically disabled Christopher Pike in new footage filmed for a subsequent Star Trek episode,`` The Menagerie'', which also re-uses original footage featuring Hunter from ``The Cage ''. Bruce Greenwood portrays Pike in the 2009 film Star Trek and its 2013 sequel, Star Trek Into Darkness. Captain Pike and the Enterprise appear in the second season of Star Trek: Discovery; the trailer for the season shows Pike (Anson Mount) taking temporary command of the USS Discovery in a crisis situation. Title: Grier Raggio Passage: Grier Raggio is an American attorney and politician. He was a Democratic candidate in the 2010 election for the United States House of Representatives seat in Texas's 32nd congressional district. The race had been named by "The Hill" as one of ten dark horse races in the nation. Title: Gary Oldman Passage: In 2004, Oldman returned to prominence when he landed a significant role in the Harry Potter film series, playing Harry Potter's godfather Sirius Black. The following year, he starred as James Gordon in Christopher Nolan's commercially and critically successful Batman Begins, a role that he reprised in the even more successful sequel The Dark Knight (2008) and once more in the conclusion, The Dark Knight Rises (2012). Prominent film critic Mark Kermode, in reviewing The Dark Knight, downplayed claims that Heath Ledger's Joker was the highlight of the film, saying, ``the best performance in the film, by a mile, is Gary Oldman's... it would be lovely to see him get a (n Academy Award) nomination because actually, he's the guy who gets kind of overlooked in all of this. ''Oldman co-starred with Jim Carrey in the 2009 version of A Christmas Carol in which Oldman played three roles. He had a starring role in David Goyer's supernatural thriller The Unborn, released in 2009. In 2010, Oldman co-starred with Denzel Washington in The Book of Eli. He also played a lead role in Catherine Hardwicke's Red Riding Hood. Oldman voiced the role of villain Lord Shen and was nominated for an Annie Award for his performance in Kung Fu Panda 2. Title: Dark Hazard Passage: Dark Hazard is 1934 American drama film starring Edward G. Robinson and directed by Alfred E. Green. It is based on a novel by W. R. Burnett. It was produced by First National Pictures and released through Warner Bros.. Title: In a Forest, Dark and Deep Passage: In a Forest, Dark and Deep is a play by Neil LaBute. It received its world premiere production in the West End's Vaudeville Theatre on 14 March 2011 following previews from 3 March 2011, running for a limited season until 4 June 2011. The production starred Matthew Fox and Olivia Williams. Title: Bulletin of Volcanology Passage: The Bulletin of Volcanology is a peer reviewed scientific journal that is published ten times per year by Springer Science+Business Media. It is the official journal of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI). The focus of the journal is volcanoes, volcanic products, eruptive behavior, and volcanic hazards. The Executive Editor is James DL White. Title: Daniel Dobbins Passage: Daniel Dobbins (January 5, 1776 – February 29, 1856) was a sailing master in the United States Navy and captain in the United States Revenue Cutter Service. He fought in the War of 1812 and was in charge of the building of the ships at Erie, Pennsylvania that Oliver Hazard Perry commanded in the Battle of Lake Erie. Title: The Ten Commandments (1923 film) Passage: The Ten Commandments is a 1923 American silent religious epic film produced and directed by Cecil B. DeMille. Written by Jeanie MacPherson, the film is divided into two parts: a prologue recreating the biblical story of the Exodus and a modern story concerning two brothers and their respective views of the Ten Commandments. Title: A Hazard of Hearts Passage: A Hazard of Hearts is a made-for-television romantic film starring Helena Bonham Carter in one of her first major roles. Based on a novel by Barbara Cartland, it was released in 1987. Title: Anton Yelchin Passage: Anton Viktorovich Yelchin (11 March 1989 -- 19 June 2016) was an American actor. He played Pavel Chekov in three Star Trek films: Star Trek (2009), Star Trek Into Darkness (2013), and the posthumously released Star Trek Beyond (2016). Title: The Ten Commandments (1956 film) Passage: The Ten Commandments is a 1956 American epic religious drama film produced, directed, and narrated by Cecil B. DeMille, shot in VistaVision (color by Technicolor), and released by Paramount Pictures. The film is based on Prince of Egypt by Dorothy Clarke Wilson, Pillar of Fire by J.H. Ingraham, On Eagle's Wings by A.E. Southon, and the Book of Exodus. The Ten Commandments dramatizes the biblical story of the life of Moses, an adopted Egyptian prince who becomes the deliverer of his real brethren, the enslaved Hebrews, and therefore leads the Exodus to Mount Sinai, where he receives, from God, the Ten Commandments. The film stars Charlton Heston in the lead role, Yul Brynner as Rameses, Anne Baxter as Nefretiri, Edward G. Robinson as Dathan, Yvonne De Carlo as Sephora, Debra Paget as Lilia, and John Derek as Joshua; and features Sir Cedric Hardwicke as Sethi, Nina Foch as Bithiah, Martha Scott as Yoshebel, Judith Anderson as Memnet, and Vincent Price as Baka, among others. Title: Honour thy father and thy mother Passage: ``Honour thy father and thy mother ''is one of the Ten Commandments in the Hebrew Bible. The commandment is generally regarded in Protestant and Jewish sources as the fifth in both the list in Exodus 20: 1 -- 21, and in Deuteronomy (Dvarim) 5: 1 -- 23. Catholics count this as the fourth. Title: Ten Modern Commandments Passage: Ten Modern Commandments is a 1927 American silent romantic comedy-drama film that starred Esther Ralston and was distributed through Paramount Pictures. It is based on an original screen story and was directed by Dorothy Arzner. Title: A Sawmill Hazard Passage: A Sawmill Hazard is a 1913 American short silent film drama. The film starred Earle Foxe and Alice Hollister in the lead roles. Title: Guy Williams (actor) Passage: Guy Williams played Professor John Robinson, expert in astrophysics and geology, who commanded the mission of the Jupiter 2 spaceship, taking his family in a voyage to colonize the Alpha Centauri star system. Title: Dark Victory Passage: Dark Victory is a 1939 American drama film directed by Edmund Goulding, starring Bette Davis and featuring George Brent, Humphrey Bogart, Geraldine Fitzgerald, Ronald Reagan, Henry Travers and Cora Witherspoon. The screenplay by Casey Robinson was based on the 1934 play of the same title by George Brewer and Bertram Bloch, starring Tallulah Bankhead. Title: Karl Urban Passage: Karl - Heinz Urban (born 7 June 1972) is a New Zealand actor. He is known for playing Julius Caesar and Cupid in Xena: Warrior Princess and Hercules: The Legendary Journeys, Éomer in the second and third instalments of Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings trilogy, Vaako in the second and third instalments of the Riddick film series, Dr. Leonard ``Bones ''McCoy in Star Trek, Star Trek Into Darkness and Star Trek Beyond, and Judge Dredd in Dredd. He won acclaim for his performances in New Zealand films The Price of Milk and Out of the Blue. He also played the main character John Kennex in the short - lived television series Almost Human. He plays Skurge in the 2017 Marvel Studios film Thor: Ragnarok. Title: The Dark Tower (2017 film) Passage: The Dark Tower is a 2017 American science fantasy western film directed and co-written by Nikolaj Arcel. A continuation of Stephen King's novel series of the same name, the film stars Idris Elba as Roland Deschain, a gunslinger on a quest to protect the Dark Tower -- a mythical structure which supports all realities -- while Matthew McConaughey plays his nemesis, Walter Padick, the Man in Black, and Tom Taylor stars as Jake Chambers, a New York boy who becomes Roland's apprentice. Title: Dark Tourist Passage: Dark Tourist (also known as The Grief Tourist) is a 2012 American psychological thriller film directed by Suri Krishnamma, written by Frank John Hughes, and starring Michael Cudlitz, Melanie Griffith, and Pruitt Taylor Vince. Cudlitz plays a bigoted security guard who engages in dark tourism. It premiered at Filmfest München on July 3, 2012, and Phase 4 Films released it theatrically on August 23, 2013.	[ "Dark Hazard", "The Ten Commandments (1956 film)" ]
2hop__142621_225454	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Power of Love ''is a song co-written and originally recorded by Jennifer Rush in 1984. It has been covered by several artists, most notably by Celine Dion, Laura Branigan and Air Supply.", "title": "The Power of Love (Jennifer Rush song)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Here Comes the Hotstepper ''is a song co-written and recorded by Jamaican dancehall artist Ini Kamoze. It was released as the lead single from his 1994 album Here Comes the Hotstepper.", "title": "Here Comes the Hotstepper" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Necessary Records is a record label based in the UK, founded by Warren Clarke, a former A&R executive at London Records and Edel, in 2003. Clarke describes that the label was born out of a creative necessity. \"It's an outlet for records that should and must be heard. An outlet for artists that deserve to and will, touch the widest possible audience.\"", "title": "Necessary Records" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pointless Nostalgic is Jamie Cullum's second album but his first major release on a record label. It was released in 2002 through Candid Records. It was recorded at Clowns Pocket Recording Studio, Bexley, Kent by Derek Nash who also co produced the CD.", "title": "Pointless Nostalgic" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Under Your Spell Again\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Buck Owens. The song peaked at number 4 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart.", "title": "Under Your Spell Again" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ornament Records is a German record label set up in 1972 by Siegfried A. \"Ziggy\" Christmann. It initially specialised in issuing live recordings of blues artists who were touring Germany. Soon the label started releasing jazz and German (especially Moselle Franconian) folk music as well.", "title": "Ornament Records" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992. It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company, in this case being Interscope Records.", "title": "Nothing Records" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Permission to Fly is the second and final studio album by American singer-songwriter Jordan Pruitt. On July 22, 2008, the album was released to all Limited Too stores only and in September the album was released on iTunes. On August 26, 2008 the album was given a physical release. The worldwide premiere of the album was broadcast over Radio Disney on July 19, 2008 at 4:00 p.m. Pacific Time and 7:00 p.m. Eastern Time. The encore also aired on July 21, 2008 at 10:00 a.m. Pacific Time and 1:00 p.m. Eastern Time. For unknown reasons, the album was removed from the iTunes Store on September 19, 2008.", "title": "Permission to Fly" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"My Moment\" is a song by American recording artist Rebecca Black. It is a self-empowerment follow-up song to her first single \"Friday\", addressed to the \"haters\" who criticized her previous release. The song was written and produced by Brandon \"Blue\" Hamilton and Quinton Tolbert, and co-produced by Charlton Pettus. It was released on the iTunes Store under the label RB Records as Black's second single on July 19, 2011. RB Records was established by Black herself, after disputes over ownership and distribution of her previous single, \"Friday\".", "title": "My Moment (Rebecca Black song)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Here I Am\" is a song written by Tony Arata, and recorded by American country music artist Patty Loveless. It was released in November 1994 as the second single from her album \"When Fallen Angels Fly\". The song reached a number 4 peak in February 1995.", "title": "Here I Am (Patty Loveless song)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hamburg Records is a Hamburg, Germany based independent record label and artist management owned by Pyogenesis vocalist Flo V. Schwarz.", "title": "Hamburg Records" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kontor Records is a record label based in Hamburg, Germany. The label's artist roster includes ATB, Tiësto and Scooter. Jens Thele is the head manager of Kontor and is also the manager of Scooter.", "title": "Kontor Records" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ellahy Amen Records is an American-French independent avant-garde record label, launched in 2002 by former Pigface member and experimental/avant-garde musician Leila Bela. The record label is based both in Paris, France and Austin, Texas, United States. Currently, the label has three artists signed to the roster.", "title": "Ellahy Amen Records" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Graeme Goodall (1932 – 3 December 2014) was an Australian recording engineer and record label owner who was a key figure in the early days of Jamaica's recording industry, constructing several of the Island's studios, co-founding Island Records, and operating other labels in the United Kingdom releasing Jamaican music.", "title": "Graeme Goodall" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Statiras Records is a sub-label of Progressive Records which Progressive founder Gus Statiras launched in the 1980s that recorded jazz musical artists for release on LP and CD.", "title": "Statiras Records" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Whiskey River\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Johnny Bush. He released the song in 1972 through RCA Victor and included it on his album \"Whiskey River\". Bush later re-recorded the song in 1981 and released it through the Delta label, with \"When My Conscience Hurts the Most\" on the b-side.", "title": "Whiskey River" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Voices of Wonder aka Voice of Wonder Records was one of the most important rock record labels in Oslo, Norway in the early 1990s. The label was fronted by a small and intimate record store on Olaf Ryes plass, which in addition to the labels own artists specialized in the English Earache Records and the American Sub Pop labels.", "title": "Voices of Wonder" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jive Records was an American record label under the RCA Music Group formed in 1981 by Zomba Records. Formerly headquartered in New York City, the label was best known for a string of successes with hip hop artists in the 1980s, and also in teen pop and boy bands during the 1990s and early 2000s.", "title": "Jive Records" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "No Ordinary Girl is the debut album by Jordan Pruitt, released in the United States on February 6, 2007 by Hollywood Records. The album debuted and peaked at number sixty-four on the \"Billboard\" 200 with 14,000 copies sold in its first week and to date has sold 187,887 in the United States. This album had moderate success because of the songs included in the Disney Channel movies \"Read It and Weep\" and \"Jump In\". Pruitt supported the album with \"The Cheetah Girls The Party's Just Begun Tour\" and \"\".", "title": "No Ordinary Girl" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Big Blue Note\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released in September 2005 as the third and final single from Keith's album \"Honkytonk University\". It peaked at number 5 on the United States country charts. Partway through the single's release, DreamWorks Records closed its country division, so Keith promoted the album via his own label, Show Dog Nashville. Keith wrote the song with Scotty Emerick.", "title": "Big Blue Note" } ]	What is the record label of the co-writer and recording artist of Permission to Fly?	Hollywood Records	[]	Title: Graeme Goodall Passage: Graeme Goodall (1932 – 3 December 2014) was an Australian recording engineer and record label owner who was a key figure in the early days of Jamaica's recording industry, constructing several of the Island's studios, co-founding Island Records, and operating other labels in the United Kingdom releasing Jamaican music. Title: No Ordinary Girl Passage: No Ordinary Girl is the debut album by Jordan Pruitt, released in the United States on February 6, 2007 by Hollywood Records. The album debuted and peaked at number sixty-four on the "Billboard" 200 with 14,000 copies sold in its first week and to date has sold 187,887 in the United States. This album had moderate success because of the songs included in the Disney Channel movies "Read It and Weep" and "Jump In". Pruitt supported the album with "The Cheetah Girls The Party's Just Begun Tour" and "". Title: Big Blue Note Passage: "Big Blue Note" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released in September 2005 as the third and final single from Keith's album "Honkytonk University". It peaked at number 5 on the United States country charts. Partway through the single's release, DreamWorks Records closed its country division, so Keith promoted the album via his own label, Show Dog Nashville. Keith wrote the song with Scotty Emerick. Title: Ellahy Amen Records Passage: Ellahy Amen Records is an American-French independent avant-garde record label, launched in 2002 by former Pigface member and experimental/avant-garde musician Leila Bela. The record label is based both in Paris, France and Austin, Texas, United States. Currently, the label has three artists signed to the roster. Title: Nothing Records Passage: Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992. It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company, in this case being Interscope Records. Title: Ornament Records Passage: Ornament Records is a German record label set up in 1972 by Siegfried A. "Ziggy" Christmann. It initially specialised in issuing live recordings of blues artists who were touring Germany. Soon the label started releasing jazz and German (especially Moselle Franconian) folk music as well. Title: My Moment (Rebecca Black song) Passage: "My Moment" is a song by American recording artist Rebecca Black. It is a self-empowerment follow-up song to her first single "Friday", addressed to the "haters" who criticized her previous release. The song was written and produced by Brandon "Blue" Hamilton and Quinton Tolbert, and co-produced by Charlton Pettus. It was released on the iTunes Store under the label RB Records as Black's second single on July 19, 2011. RB Records was established by Black herself, after disputes over ownership and distribution of her previous single, "Friday". Title: Statiras Records Passage: Statiras Records is a sub-label of Progressive Records which Progressive founder Gus Statiras launched in the 1980s that recorded jazz musical artists for release on LP and CD. Title: Voices of Wonder Passage: Voices of Wonder aka Voice of Wonder Records was one of the most important rock record labels in Oslo, Norway in the early 1990s. The label was fronted by a small and intimate record store on Olaf Ryes plass, which in addition to the labels own artists specialized in the English Earache Records and the American Sub Pop labels. Title: The Power of Love (Jennifer Rush song) Passage: ``The Power of Love ''is a song co-written and originally recorded by Jennifer Rush in 1984. It has been covered by several artists, most notably by Celine Dion, Laura Branigan and Air Supply. Title: Hamburg Records Passage: Hamburg Records is a Hamburg, Germany based independent record label and artist management owned by Pyogenesis vocalist Flo V. Schwarz. Title: Permission to Fly Passage: Permission to Fly is the second and final studio album by American singer-songwriter Jordan Pruitt. On July 22, 2008, the album was released to all Limited Too stores only and in September the album was released on iTunes. On August 26, 2008 the album was given a physical release. The worldwide premiere of the album was broadcast over Radio Disney on July 19, 2008 at 4:00 p.m. Pacific Time and 7:00 p.m. Eastern Time. The encore also aired on July 21, 2008 at 10:00 a.m. Pacific Time and 1:00 p.m. Eastern Time. For unknown reasons, the album was removed from the iTunes Store on September 19, 2008. Title: Here I Am (Patty Loveless song) Passage: "Here I Am" is a song written by Tony Arata, and recorded by American country music artist Patty Loveless. It was released in November 1994 as the second single from her album "When Fallen Angels Fly". The song reached a number 4 peak in February 1995. Title: Necessary Records Passage: Necessary Records is a record label based in the UK, founded by Warren Clarke, a former A&R executive at London Records and Edel, in 2003. Clarke describes that the label was born out of a creative necessity. "It's an outlet for records that should and must be heard. An outlet for artists that deserve to and will, touch the widest possible audience." Title: Pointless Nostalgic Passage: Pointless Nostalgic is Jamie Cullum's second album but his first major release on a record label. It was released in 2002 through Candid Records. It was recorded at Clowns Pocket Recording Studio, Bexley, Kent by Derek Nash who also co produced the CD. Title: Jive Records Passage: Jive Records was an American record label under the RCA Music Group formed in 1981 by Zomba Records. Formerly headquartered in New York City, the label was best known for a string of successes with hip hop artists in the 1980s, and also in teen pop and boy bands during the 1990s and early 2000s. Title: Under Your Spell Again Passage: "Under Your Spell Again" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Buck Owens. The song peaked at number 4 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Country Singles chart. Title: Kontor Records Passage: Kontor Records is a record label based in Hamburg, Germany. The label's artist roster includes ATB, Tiësto and Scooter. Jens Thele is the head manager of Kontor and is also the manager of Scooter. Title: Whiskey River Passage: "Whiskey River" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Johnny Bush. He released the song in 1972 through RCA Victor and included it on his album "Whiskey River". Bush later re-recorded the song in 1981 and released it through the Delta label, with "When My Conscience Hurts the Most" on the b-side. Title: Here Comes the Hotstepper Passage: ``Here Comes the Hotstepper ''is a song co-written and recorded by Jamaican dancehall artist Ini Kamoze. It was released as the lead single from his 1994 album Here Comes the Hotstepper.	[ "Permission to Fly", "No Ordinary Girl" ]
2hop__204493_69048	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bart Magunda Katureebe is a Ugandan judge and the Chief Justice of Uganda. He was appointed to that position on 5 March 2015. Before that, he was a justice of the Supreme Court of Uganda.", "title": "Bart Magunda Katureebe" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir (John) Mostyn Hanger (3 January 190811 August 1980) was a judge in the Australian state of Queensland, rising to become Chief Justice and Administrator of the state.", "title": "Mostyn Hanger" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "R. Banumathi (born 20 July 1955) is a judge of the Supreme Court of India. She is from Tamil Nadu and the sixth woman to be a Judge of the Indian Supreme Court. Earlier, she had served as the Chief Justice of Jharkhand High Court and judge at Madras High Court.", "title": "R. Banumathi" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael J. Barron (born 1933) is the former chief judge of the Milwaukee County Circuit Court and a former member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.", "title": "Michael J. Barron" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At a hearing before Judge Henry X. Harper (Gene Lockhart), District Attorney Thomas Mara (Jerome Cowan) gets Kris to assert that he is Santa Claus and rests his case. Fred argues that Kris is not insane because he actually is Santa. Mara requests Harper rule that Santa does not exist. In private, Harper's political adviser, Charlie Halloran (William Frawley), warns him that doing so would be disastrous for his upcoming reelection bid. The judge buys time by hearing evidence.", "title": "Miracle on 34th Street" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bowie served as chief judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals from 1861 to 1867. In 1863, he was detained by Confederate general J.E.B. Stuart near Rockville, Maryland, but was released soon thereafter. He later served as chief judge of the sixth judicial circuit of Maryland, and as such also an associate judge of the court of appeals of Maryland, from November 7, 1871 until his death near Rockville. He is interred in Rockville Cemetery.", "title": "Richard Bowie" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jasti Chelameswar (born 23 June 1953) was a judge of the Supreme Court of India. He retired on 22 June 2018 as the second most senior Supreme court judge. Earlier, he was the Chief Justice of the High Court of Kerala and Gauhati High Court. He was also one of the 4 judges who held a controversial press conference against the Chief Justice of India, Dipak Misra.", "title": "Jasti Chelameswar" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rosaline Patricia Irorefe Bozimo (born 1 January 1946) is a Nigerian lawyer who was appointed Chief Justice of Delta State with effect from 23 March 2003. She retired on 1 January 2011 and was succeeded by Honorable Justice Abiodun Smith.", "title": "Rosaline Bozimo" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Book of Ruth (Hebrew: מגילת רות ‎, Megilath Ruth, ``the Scroll of Ruth '', one of the Five Megillot) is included in the third division, or the Writings (Ketuvim), of the Hebrew Bible; in most Christian canons it is treated as a history book and placed between Judges and 1 Samuel, as it is set`` in the days when the judges judged'', although the Syriac Christian tradition places it later, between Ecclesiastes and the Song of Songs. It is named after its central figure, Ruth the Moabitess, the great - grandmother of David.", "title": "Book of Ruth" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Bartholomew Dillon (died 1533) was a leading Irish judge of the sixteenth century who held the offices of Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer and Chief Justice of the King's Bench in Ireland.", "title": "Bartholomew Dillon" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fred Aghogho Brume (25 September 1942 – 12 September 2011) was elected Senator for the Delta Central constituency of Delta State, Nigeria at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic, running on the People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform. He took office on 29 May 1999.", "title": "Fred Aghogho Brume" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As per the Constitution, as held by the court in the Three Judges' Cases -- (1982, 1993, 1998), a judge is appointed to the Supreme Court by the President of India on the recommendation of the collegium -- a closed group of the Chief Justice of India, the four most senior judges of the court and the senior-most judge hailing from the high court of a prospective appointee. This has resulted in a Memorandum of Procedure being followed, for the appointments.", "title": "Supreme Court of India" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1880 New York state election was held on November 2, 1880, to elect the Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.", "title": "1880 New York state election" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Article 124 (4) of Constitution of India lays down the procedure for removal of a Judge of Supreme Court which is applicable to Chief Justice as well. Once appointed, the Chief Justice remains in the office until the age of 65 years. He can be removed only through a process of impeachment by Parliament as follows:", "title": "Chief Justice of India" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Four Eyes and Six Guns (1992) is a Western film starring Judge Reinhold, Patricia Clarkson and Fred Ward. It includes guest roles by Dan Hedaya, M. Emmet Walsh, Jon Gries, Austin Pendleton and others.", "title": "Four Eyes and Six Guns" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The wife of Manoah is an unnamed figure the Book of Judges. She is introduced in Judges 13:2 as barren woman. The angel of the Lord appears to her and tells her she will have a son. She later gives birth to Samson.", "title": "Wife of Manoah" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of judges of the Supreme Court of India, the highest court in the Republic of India. The list is ordered according to seniority. There are currently 25 judges (including Chief Justice of India) against a maximum possible strength of 31. As per the Constitution of India, judges of the Supreme Court retire at age 65.", "title": "List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Upon graduating from Yale Law School, Eleanor Swift clerked for Judge M. Joseph Blumenfeld of the U.S. District Court in Hartford and for Chief Judge David L. Bazelon of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. She then practiced in Houston with the firm of Vinson & Elkins.", "title": "Eleanor Swift" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In every High Court, there is a Chief Justice and many other judges whose number is defined by the President of India.", "title": "Indian High Courts Act 1861" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2016, Adama Lamikanra is currently the acting Chief Judge of Rivers State. She is preceded by Daisy W. Okocha, the first woman to ever serve in that office.", "title": "Chief Judge of Rivers State" } ]	Who is the chief judge of Fred Aghogho Brume's birthplace?	Honorable Justice Abiodun Smith	[]	Title: Richard Bowie Passage: Bowie served as chief judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals from 1861 to 1867. In 1863, he was detained by Confederate general J.E.B. Stuart near Rockville, Maryland, but was released soon thereafter. He later served as chief judge of the sixth judicial circuit of Maryland, and as such also an associate judge of the court of appeals of Maryland, from November 7, 1871 until his death near Rockville. He is interred in Rockville Cemetery. Title: Miracle on 34th Street Passage: At a hearing before Judge Henry X. Harper (Gene Lockhart), District Attorney Thomas Mara (Jerome Cowan) gets Kris to assert that he is Santa Claus and rests his case. Fred argues that Kris is not insane because he actually is Santa. Mara requests Harper rule that Santa does not exist. In private, Harper's political adviser, Charlie Halloran (William Frawley), warns him that doing so would be disastrous for his upcoming reelection bid. The judge buys time by hearing evidence. Title: Mostyn Hanger Passage: Sir (John) Mostyn Hanger (3 January 190811 August 1980) was a judge in the Australian state of Queensland, rising to become Chief Justice and Administrator of the state. Title: Rosaline Bozimo Passage: Rosaline Patricia Irorefe Bozimo (born 1 January 1946) is a Nigerian lawyer who was appointed Chief Justice of Delta State with effect from 23 March 2003. She retired on 1 January 2011 and was succeeded by Honorable Justice Abiodun Smith. Title: Book of Ruth Passage: The Book of Ruth (Hebrew: מגילת רות ‎, Megilath Ruth, ``the Scroll of Ruth '', one of the Five Megillot) is included in the third division, or the Writings (Ketuvim), of the Hebrew Bible; in most Christian canons it is treated as a history book and placed between Judges and 1 Samuel, as it is set`` in the days when the judges judged'', although the Syriac Christian tradition places it later, between Ecclesiastes and the Song of Songs. It is named after its central figure, Ruth the Moabitess, the great - grandmother of David. Title: Chief Justice of India Passage: Article 124 (4) of Constitution of India lays down the procedure for removal of a Judge of Supreme Court which is applicable to Chief Justice as well. Once appointed, the Chief Justice remains in the office until the age of 65 years. He can be removed only through a process of impeachment by Parliament as follows: Title: Michael J. Barron Passage: Michael J. Barron (born 1933) is the former chief judge of the Milwaukee County Circuit Court and a former member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. Title: Wife of Manoah Passage: The wife of Manoah is an unnamed figure the Book of Judges. She is introduced in Judges 13:2 as barren woman. The angel of the Lord appears to her and tells her she will have a son. She later gives birth to Samson. Title: Bartholomew Dillon Passage: Sir Bartholomew Dillon (died 1533) was a leading Irish judge of the sixteenth century who held the offices of Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer and Chief Justice of the King's Bench in Ireland. Title: Jasti Chelameswar Passage: Jasti Chelameswar (born 23 June 1953) was a judge of the Supreme Court of India. He retired on 22 June 2018 as the second most senior Supreme court judge. Earlier, he was the Chief Justice of the High Court of Kerala and Gauhati High Court. He was also one of the 4 judges who held a controversial press conference against the Chief Justice of India, Dipak Misra. Title: R. Banumathi Passage: R. Banumathi (born 20 July 1955) is a judge of the Supreme Court of India. She is from Tamil Nadu and the sixth woman to be a Judge of the Indian Supreme Court. Earlier, she had served as the Chief Justice of Jharkhand High Court and judge at Madras High Court. Title: Fred Aghogho Brume Passage: Fred Aghogho Brume (25 September 1942 – 12 September 2011) was elected Senator for the Delta Central constituency of Delta State, Nigeria at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic, running on the People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform. He took office on 29 May 1999. Title: Bart Magunda Katureebe Passage: Bart Magunda Katureebe is a Ugandan judge and the Chief Justice of Uganda. He was appointed to that position on 5 March 2015. Before that, he was a justice of the Supreme Court of Uganda. Title: Supreme Court of India Passage: As per the Constitution, as held by the court in the Three Judges' Cases -- (1982, 1993, 1998), a judge is appointed to the Supreme Court by the President of India on the recommendation of the collegium -- a closed group of the Chief Justice of India, the four most senior judges of the court and the senior-most judge hailing from the high court of a prospective appointee. This has resulted in a Memorandum of Procedure being followed, for the appointments. Title: Indian High Courts Act 1861 Passage: In every High Court, there is a Chief Justice and many other judges whose number is defined by the President of India. Title: Four Eyes and Six Guns Passage: Four Eyes and Six Guns (1992) is a Western film starring Judge Reinhold, Patricia Clarkson and Fred Ward. It includes guest roles by Dan Hedaya, M. Emmet Walsh, Jon Gries, Austin Pendleton and others. Title: Eleanor Swift Passage: Upon graduating from Yale Law School, Eleanor Swift clerked for Judge M. Joseph Blumenfeld of the U.S. District Court in Hartford and for Chief Judge David L. Bazelon of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. She then practiced in Houston with the firm of Vinson & Elkins. Title: 1880 New York state election Passage: The 1880 New York state election was held on November 2, 1880, to elect the Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly. Title: List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India Passage: This is a list of judges of the Supreme Court of India, the highest court in the Republic of India. The list is ordered according to seniority. There are currently 25 judges (including Chief Justice of India) against a maximum possible strength of 31. As per the Constitution of India, judges of the Supreme Court retire at age 65. Title: Chief Judge of Rivers State Passage: As of 2016, Adama Lamikanra is currently the acting Chief Judge of Rivers State. She is preceded by Daisy W. Okocha, the first woman to ever serve in that office.	[ "Rosaline Bozimo", "Fred Aghogho Brume" ]
2hop__557411_652060	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Opening Day of Close-Up () is a 1996 Italian short film directed by Nanni Moretti. It was screened out of competition at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival.", "title": "Opening Day of Close-Up" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The band split up in 2004, and lead singer Raul Malo released six solo albums. Bass player Robert Reynolds and keyboardist Jerry Dale McFadden co-founded the 'supergroup' SWAG, along with Ken Coomer of Wilco, Tom Petersson of Cheap Trick, and Doug Powell. In 2012, the band announced plans for several reunion festival dates. Shortly after, they were offered a record deal by Big Machine Records. Their reunion album In Time, was released in February 2013, and another album, Mono, on 17 February 2015.", "title": "The Mavericks" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "April () is a 1998 Italian semi-autobiographical film directed by Nanni Moretti. Moretti also played the central character, a filmmaker who has to deal with Italy's political situation, his own goals as an artist and becoming a father.", "title": "April (1998 film)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael \"Mike\" Rowe is an American television writer, producer and comedian. He has written for \"Becker\", \"The Nanny\", \"Futurama\", \"Paranormal Action Squad\" and \"Family Guy\", as well as writing the episode of \"The PJs\", \"A Race to His Credit\".", "title": "Michael Rowe" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Deanwood is a neighborhood in Northeast Washington, D.C., bounded by Eastern Avenue to the northeast, Kenilworth Avenue to the northwest, Division Avenue to the southeast, and Nannie Helen Burroughs Avenue to the south.", "title": "Deanwood" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 25th Torino Film Festival was held 23 November – 1 December 2007 in Turin, Italy and was directed by Nanni Moretti.", "title": "25th Torino Film Festival" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "All My Friends Part 2 () is a 1982 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Monicelli. It is the sequel to \"Amici miei\" of 1975. The movie features Paolo Stoppa in one of his last roles. The last chapter of this saga is \"Amici miei - Atto III\", directed by Nanni Loy (1985).", "title": "All My Friends Part 2" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New Road is a historical novel by the Scottish writer Neil Munro, which was adapted as a television serial by the BBC. Munro is now mainly remembered as the creator of the comic character Para Handy, but this is regarded as the best of his serious novels.", "title": "The New Road" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Legacies is an American television drama series that premiered on October 25, 2018, on The CW. It is a spinoff of The Originals. It was created by Julie Plec, creator of The Originals and co-creator of The Vampire Diaries, and stars Danielle Rose Russell and Matt Davis.", "title": "Legacies (TV series)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scugnizzi is a 1989 Italian musical drama, directed by Nanni Loy. The film is also called \"Street Kids\" in the American market.", "title": "Scugnizzi" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nanny Plum is Holly, Daisy and Poppy's nanny and 'teacher', and a general housekeeper for the King and Queen. She is very good at magic and capable of speaking many animal languages (including ones which she claims to be a bit difficult such as Mole, Aardvark, Ant, Centipede and Alien). She often ends up in all kinds of trouble when trying to help Holly and friends. She is also a tooth fairy. Although being quite bossy, she is very good at cleaning with magic. She rivals the Wise Old Elf mainly due to their differing opinions over the use of magic. She is a teacher at the Fairy School and also works as a maid. Nanny Plum is voiced by Sarah Ann Kennedy.", "title": "Ben & Holly's Little Kingdom" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The reunion took place at Fran Drescher's oceanside home in California. The entire cast was present except for Daniel Davis, who was performing in the musical \"La Cage aux Folles\" on Broadway at the time and was unable to attend.", "title": "The Nanny Reunion: A Nosh to Remember" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ann Hampton Callaway (born May 30, 1958) is a jazz singer, songwriter, and actress. She wrote and sang the theme song for the TV series The Nanny.", "title": "Ann Hampton Callaway" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang (released in the United States and Canada as Nanny McPhee Returns) is a 2010 fantasy comedy family film directed by Susanna White, produced by Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner and Lindsay Doran with music by James Newton Howard and co-produced by StudioCanal, Relativity Media, Working Title Films and Three Strange Angels. It is a sequel to the 2005 film \"Nanny McPhee\". It was adapted by Emma Thompson from Christianna Brand's \"Nurse Matilda\" books. Thompson reprises her role as Nanny McPhee, and the film also stars Maggie Gyllenhaal, Ralph Fiennes, Rhys Ifans, Ewan McGregor, Asa Butterfield and Maggie Smith. The film was theatrically released on August 20, 2010 by Universal Pictures.", "title": "Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mok Kwai-lan (; October 15, 1892 – November 3, 1982) was the fourth spouse of Lingnan martial arts grandmaster Wong Fei-hung.", "title": "Mok Kwai-lan" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Edwardian London, 1910, Bert entertains a crowd as a one - man band when he senses a change in the wind. Afterwards, he directly addresses the audience, and gives them a tour of Cherry Tree Lane, stopping outside the Banks family's home. George Banks returns home to learn from Winifred that Katie Nanna has left their service after Jane and Michael ran away again. They are returned shortly after by Constable Jones, who reveals the children were chasing a lost kite. The children ask their father to help build a better kite, but he dismisses them. Taking it upon himself to hire a new nanny, Mr. Banks advertises for a stern, no - nonsense nanny. Instead, Jane and Michael present their own advertisement for a kinder, sweeter nanny. Mr. Banks rips up the letter, and throws the scraps in the fireplace, but the remains of the advertisement magically float up, and out into the air.", "title": "Mary Poppins (film)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Watch House is a 1977 fiction book by Robert Westall. The main story is about a teenager called Anne, who is left to spend the summer with her mother's old nanny. While there she explores the watch house, writes a guidebook for the watch house and is haunted by a ghost. It is split up into three parts.", "title": "The Watch House" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George Washington Sprott (6 March 1829 – 27 October 1909) was Scottish minister and liturgical scholar, known as an advocate of reform of the services of the Church of Scotland, and of its reunion with the Free Church of Scotland.", "title": "George Washington Sprott" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Audace colpo dei soliti ignoti (also known as \"Fiasco in Milan\" or \"Hold-up à la milanaise\") is a 1959 Italian comedy crime film directed by Nanni Loy. The film stars Vittorio Gassman, Renato Salvatori and Claudia Cardinale.", "title": "Audace colpo dei soliti ignoti" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Happily Divorced\" is an American sitcom created for TV Land by Fran Drescher and Peter Marc Jacobson, based upon their own real-life experiences. It is TV Land's third sitcom after \"Hot in Cleveland\" and \"Retired at 35\". Fran Drescher stars as Fran, a Los Angeles florist who finds out her husband Peter (John Michael Higgins), to whom she has been married for eighteen years, is gay. Naturally, they get a divorce but, because of their tight financial situation, they continue to live in the same house together. The series is based on Drescher and Jacobson's real-life divorce and his eventual coming out. The series ran from June 15, 2011 to February 13, 2013. On August 23, 2013, TV Land cancelled the series after two seasons. A total of thirty-four episodes were produced and aired.", "title": "List of Happily Divorced episodes" } ]	Who is the spouse of the creator of The Nanny Reunion: A Nosh to Remember?	Peter Marc Jacobson	[]	Title: Deanwood Passage: Deanwood is a neighborhood in Northeast Washington, D.C., bounded by Eastern Avenue to the northeast, Kenilworth Avenue to the northwest, Division Avenue to the southeast, and Nannie Helen Burroughs Avenue to the south. Title: Opening Day of Close-Up Passage: Opening Day of Close-Up () is a 1996 Italian short film directed by Nanni Moretti. It was screened out of competition at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival. Title: List of Happily Divorced episodes Passage: "Happily Divorced" is an American sitcom created for TV Land by Fran Drescher and Peter Marc Jacobson, based upon their own real-life experiences. It is TV Land's third sitcom after "Hot in Cleveland" and "Retired at 35". Fran Drescher stars as Fran, a Los Angeles florist who finds out her husband Peter (John Michael Higgins), to whom she has been married for eighteen years, is gay. Naturally, they get a divorce but, because of their tight financial situation, they continue to live in the same house together. The series is based on Drescher and Jacobson's real-life divorce and his eventual coming out. The series ran from June 15, 2011 to February 13, 2013. On August 23, 2013, TV Land cancelled the series after two seasons. A total of thirty-four episodes were produced and aired. Title: The Nanny Reunion: A Nosh to Remember Passage: The reunion took place at Fran Drescher's oceanside home in California. The entire cast was present except for Daniel Davis, who was performing in the musical "La Cage aux Folles" on Broadway at the time and was unable to attend. Title: Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang Passage: Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang (released in the United States and Canada as Nanny McPhee Returns) is a 2010 fantasy comedy family film directed by Susanna White, produced by Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner and Lindsay Doran with music by James Newton Howard and co-produced by StudioCanal, Relativity Media, Working Title Films and Three Strange Angels. It is a sequel to the 2005 film "Nanny McPhee". It was adapted by Emma Thompson from Christianna Brand's "Nurse Matilda" books. Thompson reprises her role as Nanny McPhee, and the film also stars Maggie Gyllenhaal, Ralph Fiennes, Rhys Ifans, Ewan McGregor, Asa Butterfield and Maggie Smith. The film was theatrically released on August 20, 2010 by Universal Pictures. Title: All My Friends Part 2 Passage: All My Friends Part 2 () is a 1982 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Monicelli. It is the sequel to "Amici miei" of 1975. The movie features Paolo Stoppa in one of his last roles. The last chapter of this saga is "Amici miei - Atto III", directed by Nanni Loy (1985). Title: Scugnizzi Passage: Scugnizzi is a 1989 Italian musical drama, directed by Nanni Loy. The film is also called "Street Kids" in the American market. Title: Michael Rowe Passage: Michael "Mike" Rowe is an American television writer, producer and comedian. He has written for "Becker", "The Nanny", "Futurama", "Paranormal Action Squad" and "Family Guy", as well as writing the episode of "The PJs", "A Race to His Credit". Title: Mary Poppins (film) Passage: In Edwardian London, 1910, Bert entertains a crowd as a one - man band when he senses a change in the wind. Afterwards, he directly addresses the audience, and gives them a tour of Cherry Tree Lane, stopping outside the Banks family's home. George Banks returns home to learn from Winifred that Katie Nanna has left their service after Jane and Michael ran away again. They are returned shortly after by Constable Jones, who reveals the children were chasing a lost kite. The children ask their father to help build a better kite, but he dismisses them. Taking it upon himself to hire a new nanny, Mr. Banks advertises for a stern, no - nonsense nanny. Instead, Jane and Michael present their own advertisement for a kinder, sweeter nanny. Mr. Banks rips up the letter, and throws the scraps in the fireplace, but the remains of the advertisement magically float up, and out into the air. Title: Legacies (TV series) Passage: Legacies is an American television drama series that premiered on October 25, 2018, on The CW. It is a spinoff of The Originals. It was created by Julie Plec, creator of The Originals and co-creator of The Vampire Diaries, and stars Danielle Rose Russell and Matt Davis. Title: George Washington Sprott Passage: George Washington Sprott (6 March 1829 – 27 October 1909) was Scottish minister and liturgical scholar, known as an advocate of reform of the services of the Church of Scotland, and of its reunion with the Free Church of Scotland. Title: Mok Kwai-lan Passage: Mok Kwai-lan (; October 15, 1892 – November 3, 1982) was the fourth spouse of Lingnan martial arts grandmaster Wong Fei-hung. Title: The New Road Passage: The New Road is a historical novel by the Scottish writer Neil Munro, which was adapted as a television serial by the BBC. Munro is now mainly remembered as the creator of the comic character Para Handy, but this is regarded as the best of his serious novels. Title: Ben & Holly's Little Kingdom Passage: Nanny Plum is Holly, Daisy and Poppy's nanny and 'teacher', and a general housekeeper for the King and Queen. She is very good at magic and capable of speaking many animal languages (including ones which she claims to be a bit difficult such as Mole, Aardvark, Ant, Centipede and Alien). She often ends up in all kinds of trouble when trying to help Holly and friends. She is also a tooth fairy. Although being quite bossy, she is very good at cleaning with magic. She rivals the Wise Old Elf mainly due to their differing opinions over the use of magic. She is a teacher at the Fairy School and also works as a maid. Nanny Plum is voiced by Sarah Ann Kennedy. Title: April (1998 film) Passage: April () is a 1998 Italian semi-autobiographical film directed by Nanni Moretti. Moretti also played the central character, a filmmaker who has to deal with Italy's political situation, his own goals as an artist and becoming a father. Title: Audace colpo dei soliti ignoti Passage: Audace colpo dei soliti ignoti (also known as "Fiasco in Milan" or "Hold-up à la milanaise") is a 1959 Italian comedy crime film directed by Nanni Loy. The film stars Vittorio Gassman, Renato Salvatori and Claudia Cardinale. Title: The Watch House Passage: The Watch House is a 1977 fiction book by Robert Westall. The main story is about a teenager called Anne, who is left to spend the summer with her mother's old nanny. While there she explores the watch house, writes a guidebook for the watch house and is haunted by a ghost. It is split up into three parts. Title: The Mavericks Passage: The band split up in 2004, and lead singer Raul Malo released six solo albums. Bass player Robert Reynolds and keyboardist Jerry Dale McFadden co-founded the 'supergroup' SWAG, along with Ken Coomer of Wilco, Tom Petersson of Cheap Trick, and Doug Powell. In 2012, the band announced plans for several reunion festival dates. Shortly after, they were offered a record deal by Big Machine Records. Their reunion album In Time, was released in February 2013, and another album, Mono, on 17 February 2015. Title: 25th Torino Film Festival Passage: The 25th Torino Film Festival was held 23 November – 1 December 2007 in Turin, Italy and was directed by Nanni Moretti. Title: Ann Hampton Callaway Passage: Ann Hampton Callaway (born May 30, 1958) is a jazz singer, songwriter, and actress. She wrote and sang the theme song for the TV series The Nanny.	[ "The Nanny Reunion: A Nosh to Remember", "List of Happily Divorced episodes" ]
2hop__82858_654855	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Socialist Party presidential primary of 2006 was the selection process by which members of the Socialist Party of France chose their candidate for the 2007 French presidential election. In a nationwide vote on 16 November 2006, members of the party chose Ségolène Royal over Dominique Strauss-Kahn and Laurent Fabius, making Royal the first female nominee of a major party for the office of President of France.", "title": "2006 French Socialist Party presidential primary" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Eugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Through his presidential candidacies as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States.", "title": "Eugene V. Debs" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Socialist Workers' Current () is a far-left Trotskyist political organisation in Brazil, created in 1992 by a split of the Socialist Convergence. CST is an active tendency of the Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL) and the Brazilian section of the International Workers' Unity – Fourth International. CST split from Worker's Party (PT) when its federal deputy Babá was expelled from PT, after voting against the pension reform proposed by ex-president Lula.", "title": "Socialist Workers' Current" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Greenback Party (known successively as the Independent Party, the National Independent Party, and the Greenback Labor Party) was an American political party with an anti-monopoly ideology which was active between 1874 and 1889. The party ran candidates in three presidential elections—in the elections of 1876, 1880, and 1884, before fading away.", "title": "Greenback Party" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ron Ehrenreich (born 1950) is an American credit union officer and teacher. He was the Vice-Presidential candidate for the Socialist Party USA in the 1988 United States presidential election, as the running mate of Willa Kenoyer. The ticket received 3,882 votes, 2,587 of the votes came from New Jersey. He has been the treasurer of the Syracuse Cooperative Federal Credit Union since its opening in 1982. He later ran as a Green Party candidate for Onondaga County, New York Comptroller in 1999. Ron is married to Sondra Roth, and has two children, Hanah and Sam.", "title": "Ron Ehrenreich" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Socialist Party candidate Eugene V. Debs received 913,664 popular votes (3.4 percent), despite the fact that he was in prison at the time for advocating non-compliance with the draft during World War I. This was the largest number of popular votes ever received by a Socialist Party candidate in the United States, although not the largest percentage of the popular vote. Debs received double this percentage in the election of 1912. The 1920 election was Debs' fifth and last attempt to become president.", "title": "1920 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Matilde Zimmermann (born September 6, 1943) is an American author and professor who ran as the Socialist Workers Party candidate for United States Vice President in 1980. The party had three different Presidential candidates that year, Andrew Pulley, Richard H. Congress and Clifton DeBerry depending on the state. She was at the time a writer for the party newspaper \"The Militant\". Zimmermann also ran as an alternate vice presidential candidate for Andrea Gonzales in some states in 1984; Melvin T. Mason was the presidential candidate.", "title": "Matilde Zimmermann" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Formed in 1923 by Herbert Macaulay to take advantage of the new Clifford Constitution, the NNDP successfully organized various Lagos interest groups into a single group that was able to compete politically. The (NNDP) ran many candidates for seats in the 1922 elections for the Lagos Legislative Council, winning three seats. The party won all the seats in the elections of 1923, 1928 and 1933. Though, the party's major function was to put candidates into the legislative council, it had a broader objective of promoting democracy in Nigeria, increasing higher Nigerian participation in the social, economic and educational development of Nigeria. The party continued to dominate politics in Lagos until 1938, when the Nigerian Youth Movement (NYM) overtook it in elections.", "title": "Nigerian National Democratic Party" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 French presidential election was held on 23 April and 7 May 2017. As no candidate won a majority in the first round on 23 April, a run - off was held between the top two candidates, Emmanuel Macron of En Marche! and Marine Le Pen of the National Front (FN), which Macron won by a decisive margin on 7 May. The presidential election was followed by legislative elections to elect members of the National Assembly on 11 and 18 June. Incumbent president François Hollande of the Socialist Party (PS) was eligible to run for a second term, but declared on 1 December 2016 that he would not seek reelection in light of low approval ratings, making him the first incumbent president of the Fifth Republic not to seek re-election.", "title": "2017 French presidential election" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Samuel H. Friedman (1897–1990) was a journalist and a longtime labor union activist. He twice ran unsuccessfully for Vice President of the United States on the Socialist Party of America ticket. In the 1952, the Socialist National Party Congress nominated Friedman to run alongside its presidential candidate, Darlington Hoopes. They won 20,203 votes in 1952 and received 2,044 votes in 1956. Friedman frequently ran in New York for state senator, lieutenant governor, New York City controller and City Council president. Friedman never won. He earned his living as a journalist and public relations agent. He was also an early member of and longtime visitor to the Three Arrows Cooperative Society.", "title": "Samuel H. Friedman" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 2006 parliamentary election, the party ran for the first time, winning 11 of 81 seats. It became a vocal opposition party and forged links with the Serb People's Party and the Socialist People's Party of Montenegro in an attempt to unify the country's political opposition.", "title": "Movement for Changes" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk) is the former leader of the Belarusian Social Democratic Party and one of the candidates who ran for the office of President of Belarus on 19 March 2006. He was a rector of the Belarusian State University from 1996 to 2003 and a government minister serving under Belarus President Lukashenko but later fell out of favor. He holds a PhD in mathematics and pedagogy.", "title": "Alyaksandr Kazulin" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Major party, African American candidates for President of the United States could not run in primaries until nearly the third quarter of the 20th century, after the passage of the Civil Rights Act (1964) and Voting Rights Act (1965) opened up political participation to blacks in the South. Also, party changes to give more weight to candidates' performance in primaries, rather than to party leaders' negotiation in secret, opened up the fields. In 2008, Senator Barack Obama was elected the 44th president of the United States, the first African American to win the office.", "title": "African-American candidates for President of the United States" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George A. Nelson (November 15, 1873 – May 4, 1962) was a dairy farmer, a farm organization leader, and an American socialist politician. He is best remembered as the 1936 candidate of the Socialist Party of America for Vice President of the United States.", "title": "George A. Nelson" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jean-Pierre Bel (born 30 December 1951) is a French retired politician who served as President of the Senate from 2011 to 2014. From the Ariège department, Bel is a member of the Socialist Party; he was elected to the Senate in September 1998 and re-elected in September 2008. Bel was President of the Socialist Group in the Senate from 2004 to 2011.", "title": "Jean-Pierre Bel" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Roosevelt had served as president from 1901 to 1909, and Taft had won the 1908 Republican president nomination with Roosevelt's support. Displeased with Taft's actions as president, Roosevelt challenged Taft at the 1912 Republican National Convention. After Taft and his conservative allies narrowly prevailed at the Republican convention, Roosevelt rallied his progressive supporters and launched a third party bid. With the support of William Jennings Bryan and other progressives, Wilson won the Democratic Party's presidential nomination on the 46th ballot. Meanwhile, the Socialist Party renominated its perennial standard - bearer, Eugene V. Debs.", "title": "1912 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Labour Party's origins lie in the late 19th century, when it became apparent that there was a need for a new political party to represent the interests and needs of the urban proletariat, a demographic which had increased in number and had recently been given franchise. Some members of the trades union movement became interested in moving into the political field, and after further extensions of the voting franchise in 1867 and 1885, the Liberal Party endorsed some trade-union sponsored candidates. The first Lib–Lab candidate to stand was George Odger in the Southwark by-election of 1870. In addition, several small socialist groups had formed around this time, with the intention of linking the movement to political policies. Among these were the Independent Labour Party, the intellectual and largely middle-class Fabian Society, the Marxist Social Democratic Federation and the Scottish Labour Party.", "title": "Labour Party (UK)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albert Bedouce (8 January 1869, Toulouse – 4 August 1947) was a French politician. He joined at first the French Workers' Party (POF), which in 1902 merged into the Socialist Party of France (PSdF), which in turn merged into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905. Bedouce was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1906 to 1919 and from 1924 to 1940. He was Minister of Public Works from 1936 to 1937. In the 1939 presidential election Bedouce was the candidate of the SFIO, but lost to Albert Lebrun, the candidate of the Democratic Republican Alliance. On 10 July 1940, he voted in favour of granting the Cabinet presided by Marshal Philippe Pétain authority to draw up a new constitution, thereby effectively ending the French Third Republic and establishing Vichy France. For this he was expelled from the SFIO after the Liberation of France. In 1945 he joined, with his associate Émile Berlia, the newly founded Democratic Socialist Party (PSD).", "title": "Albert Bedouce" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 2012 LegCo election, three Professional Commons members were elected to the legislature including Charles Mok in the Information Technology functional constituency (FC), Kenneth Leung in the Accountancy FC, and Dennis Kwok, who ran as a Civic Party candidate, in the Legal FC.", "title": "Professional Commons" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "General elections were held in Malawi on 19 May 2009. Incumbent President Bingu wa Mutharika ran for re-election; his main opponent was John Tembo, the president of the Malawi Congress Party (MCP). Five other candidates also ran. The election was won by Mutharika, who was re-elected to the Presidency with around two-thirds of the vote. Mutharika's DPP also won a strong parliamentary majority.", "title": "2009 Malawian general election" } ]	What political party was the socialist candidate part of who ran for president in 1912?	Socialist Party of America	[ "Democrat", "Democratic Party" ]	Title: Albert Bedouce Passage: Albert Bedouce (8 January 1869, Toulouse – 4 August 1947) was a French politician. He joined at first the French Workers' Party (POF), which in 1902 merged into the Socialist Party of France (PSdF), which in turn merged into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905. Bedouce was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1906 to 1919 and from 1924 to 1940. He was Minister of Public Works from 1936 to 1937. In the 1939 presidential election Bedouce was the candidate of the SFIO, but lost to Albert Lebrun, the candidate of the Democratic Republican Alliance. On 10 July 1940, he voted in favour of granting the Cabinet presided by Marshal Philippe Pétain authority to draw up a new constitution, thereby effectively ending the French Third Republic and establishing Vichy France. For this he was expelled from the SFIO after the Liberation of France. In 1945 he joined, with his associate Émile Berlia, the newly founded Democratic Socialist Party (PSD). Title: Alyaksandr Kazulin Passage: Minsk) is the former leader of the Belarusian Social Democratic Party and one of the candidates who ran for the office of President of Belarus on 19 March 2006. He was a rector of the Belarusian State University from 1996 to 2003 and a government minister serving under Belarus President Lukashenko but later fell out of favor. He holds a PhD in mathematics and pedagogy. Title: Nigerian National Democratic Party Passage: Formed in 1923 by Herbert Macaulay to take advantage of the new Clifford Constitution, the NNDP successfully organized various Lagos interest groups into a single group that was able to compete politically. The (NNDP) ran many candidates for seats in the 1922 elections for the Lagos Legislative Council, winning three seats. The party won all the seats in the elections of 1923, 1928 and 1933. Though, the party's major function was to put candidates into the legislative council, it had a broader objective of promoting democracy in Nigeria, increasing higher Nigerian participation in the social, economic and educational development of Nigeria. The party continued to dominate politics in Lagos until 1938, when the Nigerian Youth Movement (NYM) overtook it in elections. Title: George A. Nelson Passage: George A. Nelson (November 15, 1873 – May 4, 1962) was a dairy farmer, a farm organization leader, and an American socialist politician. He is best remembered as the 1936 candidate of the Socialist Party of America for Vice President of the United States. Title: Eugene V. Debs Passage: Eugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Through his presidential candidacies as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States. Title: 2009 Malawian general election Passage: General elections were held in Malawi on 19 May 2009. Incumbent President Bingu wa Mutharika ran for re-election; his main opponent was John Tembo, the president of the Malawi Congress Party (MCP). Five other candidates also ran. The election was won by Mutharika, who was re-elected to the Presidency with around two-thirds of the vote. Mutharika's DPP also won a strong parliamentary majority. Title: Labour Party (UK) Passage: The Labour Party's origins lie in the late 19th century, when it became apparent that there was a need for a new political party to represent the interests and needs of the urban proletariat, a demographic which had increased in number and had recently been given franchise. Some members of the trades union movement became interested in moving into the political field, and after further extensions of the voting franchise in 1867 and 1885, the Liberal Party endorsed some trade-union sponsored candidates. The first Lib–Lab candidate to stand was George Odger in the Southwark by-election of 1870. In addition, several small socialist groups had formed around this time, with the intention of linking the movement to political policies. Among these were the Independent Labour Party, the intellectual and largely middle-class Fabian Society, the Marxist Social Democratic Federation and the Scottish Labour Party. Title: Greenback Party Passage: The Greenback Party (known successively as the Independent Party, the National Independent Party, and the Greenback Labor Party) was an American political party with an anti-monopoly ideology which was active between 1874 and 1889. The party ran candidates in three presidential elections—in the elections of 1876, 1880, and 1884, before fading away. Title: Matilde Zimmermann Passage: Matilde Zimmermann (born September 6, 1943) is an American author and professor who ran as the Socialist Workers Party candidate for United States Vice President in 1980. The party had three different Presidential candidates that year, Andrew Pulley, Richard H. Congress and Clifton DeBerry depending on the state. She was at the time a writer for the party newspaper "The Militant". Zimmermann also ran as an alternate vice presidential candidate for Andrea Gonzales in some states in 1984; Melvin T. Mason was the presidential candidate. Title: Jean-Pierre Bel Passage: Jean-Pierre Bel (born 30 December 1951) is a French retired politician who served as President of the Senate from 2011 to 2014. From the Ariège department, Bel is a member of the Socialist Party; he was elected to the Senate in September 1998 and re-elected in September 2008. Bel was President of the Socialist Group in the Senate from 2004 to 2011. Title: Movement for Changes Passage: In the 2006 parliamentary election, the party ran for the first time, winning 11 of 81 seats. It became a vocal opposition party and forged links with the Serb People's Party and the Socialist People's Party of Montenegro in an attempt to unify the country's political opposition. Title: 2017 French presidential election Passage: The 2017 French presidential election was held on 23 April and 7 May 2017. As no candidate won a majority in the first round on 23 April, a run - off was held between the top two candidates, Emmanuel Macron of En Marche! and Marine Le Pen of the National Front (FN), which Macron won by a decisive margin on 7 May. The presidential election was followed by legislative elections to elect members of the National Assembly on 11 and 18 June. Incumbent president François Hollande of the Socialist Party (PS) was eligible to run for a second term, but declared on 1 December 2016 that he would not seek reelection in light of low approval ratings, making him the first incumbent president of the Fifth Republic not to seek re-election. Title: African-American candidates for President of the United States Passage: Major party, African American candidates for President of the United States could not run in primaries until nearly the third quarter of the 20th century, after the passage of the Civil Rights Act (1964) and Voting Rights Act (1965) opened up political participation to blacks in the South. Also, party changes to give more weight to candidates' performance in primaries, rather than to party leaders' negotiation in secret, opened up the fields. In 2008, Senator Barack Obama was elected the 44th president of the United States, the first African American to win the office. Title: Samuel H. Friedman Passage: Samuel H. Friedman (1897–1990) was a journalist and a longtime labor union activist. He twice ran unsuccessfully for Vice President of the United States on the Socialist Party of America ticket. In the 1952, the Socialist National Party Congress nominated Friedman to run alongside its presidential candidate, Darlington Hoopes. They won 20,203 votes in 1952 and received 2,044 votes in 1956. Friedman frequently ran in New York for state senator, lieutenant governor, New York City controller and City Council president. Friedman never won. He earned his living as a journalist and public relations agent. He was also an early member of and longtime visitor to the Three Arrows Cooperative Society. Title: Ron Ehrenreich Passage: Ron Ehrenreich (born 1950) is an American credit union officer and teacher. He was the Vice-Presidential candidate for the Socialist Party USA in the 1988 United States presidential election, as the running mate of Willa Kenoyer. The ticket received 3,882 votes, 2,587 of the votes came from New Jersey. He has been the treasurer of the Syracuse Cooperative Federal Credit Union since its opening in 1982. He later ran as a Green Party candidate for Onondaga County, New York Comptroller in 1999. Ron is married to Sondra Roth, and has two children, Hanah and Sam. Title: 1920 United States presidential election Passage: Socialist Party candidate Eugene V. Debs received 913,664 popular votes (3.4 percent), despite the fact that he was in prison at the time for advocating non-compliance with the draft during World War I. This was the largest number of popular votes ever received by a Socialist Party candidate in the United States, although not the largest percentage of the popular vote. Debs received double this percentage in the election of 1912. The 1920 election was Debs' fifth and last attempt to become president. Title: 2006 French Socialist Party presidential primary Passage: The Socialist Party presidential primary of 2006 was the selection process by which members of the Socialist Party of France chose their candidate for the 2007 French presidential election. In a nationwide vote on 16 November 2006, members of the party chose Ségolène Royal over Dominique Strauss-Kahn and Laurent Fabius, making Royal the first female nominee of a major party for the office of President of France. Title: Socialist Workers' Current Passage: Socialist Workers' Current () is a far-left Trotskyist political organisation in Brazil, created in 1992 by a split of the Socialist Convergence. CST is an active tendency of the Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL) and the Brazilian section of the International Workers' Unity – Fourth International. CST split from Worker's Party (PT) when its federal deputy Babá was expelled from PT, after voting against the pension reform proposed by ex-president Lula. Title: 1912 United States presidential election Passage: Roosevelt had served as president from 1901 to 1909, and Taft had won the 1908 Republican president nomination with Roosevelt's support. Displeased with Taft's actions as president, Roosevelt challenged Taft at the 1912 Republican National Convention. After Taft and his conservative allies narrowly prevailed at the Republican convention, Roosevelt rallied his progressive supporters and launched a third party bid. With the support of William Jennings Bryan and other progressives, Wilson won the Democratic Party's presidential nomination on the 46th ballot. Meanwhile, the Socialist Party renominated its perennial standard - bearer, Eugene V. Debs. Title: Professional Commons Passage: In the 2012 LegCo election, three Professional Commons members were elected to the legislature including Charles Mok in the Information Technology functional constituency (FC), Kenneth Leung in the Accountancy FC, and Dennis Kwok, who ran as a Civic Party candidate, in the Legal FC.	[ "Eugene V. Debs", "1912 United States presidential election" ]
2hop__161273_92673	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Captain William Charles Campbell, (27 April 1889 – 26 February 1958), was a World War I fighter pilot of Scots heritage who was credited with 23 victories. Serving with No. 1 Squadron during 1917, he was a notable balloon buster, being the first British ace to down five enemy observation balloons. He also claimed eleven aircraft destroyed, and seven (including two shared) 'driven down out of control'.", "title": "William Charles Campbell" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sullivan Peaks is a pair of sharp peaks in Antarctica, over 1,400 m, on a spur descending from Pierce Peak on the north side of Mackin Table, in the Patuxent Range, Pensacola Mountains. They were mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos from 1956-66. They were named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Lieutenant Ronald C. Sullivan of the U.S. Navy, who was the officer in charge of the South Pole Station during the winter of 1967.", "title": "Sullivan Peaks" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sous Lieutenant Marcel Joseph Maurice Nogues was a World War I flying ace credited with thirteen aerial victories. He was an ace over enemy observation balloons, as well as enemy airplanes.", "title": "Marcel Nogues" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The game is composed of six worlds with three levels each, totalling to 18 main levels. The objective of the main levels in each world is to collect four jet pods. Each final level of a world consists of a boss fight. The level designs vary from snow - capped mountains to carnivals. While most of the levels are large, outdoor excursions, two are enclosed within a narrow interior. The game features hidden bonus levels, which are triggered when secret entrances are found. Bonus levels consist of blocks with balloons in them; popping the balloons yields either coins or power - ups. A time attack mode is available for any level the player has completed.", "title": "Jumping Flash!" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kimi Räikkönen started the race from pole position, his first since the 2008 French Grand Prix. In doing so, he broke Giancarlo Fisichella's record for the most race starts between pole positions, with one hundred and twenty - nine starts since his last pole. Sebastian Vettel won the race, Ferrari's first win in Monaco since 2001. Räikkönen finished second as this was Ferrari's first 1 -- 2 finish since 2010 German Grand Prix. Daniel Ricciardo finished third. With the result, Vettel extended his Drivers' Championship lead over Lewis Hamilton, while in the World Constructors' Championship, Ferrari reclaimed the points lead from Mercedes.", "title": "2017 Monaco Grand Prix" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The International Date Line (IDL) is an imaginary line of navigation on the surface of the Earth that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole and demarcates the change of one calendar day to the next. It passes through the middle of the Pacific Ocean, roughly following the 180 ° line of longitude but deviating to pass around some territories and island groups.", "title": "International Date Line" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Jenkins Heights () are a broad ice-covered area rising over and covering some , located south of McClinton Glacier and west of Mount Bray on the Bakutis Coast of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. They were mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photographs, 1959–66, and were named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Charles Jenkins, a geophysicist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Station Scientific Leader at South Pole Station in the winter party of 1974.", "title": "Jenkins Heights" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lutz Hill is a hill rising to about southeast of The Tooth in the Kyle Hills of Ross Island, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 2000 after electrical engineer Larry F. Lutz of the Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, a specialist in the development of scientific research instrumentation for ground-based, balloon, and rocket sounding programs for the United States Antarctic Program. Lutz spent 17 summer seasons at McMurdo Station, South Pole Station, and Siple Station in the years 1980–2000.", "title": "Lutz Hill" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aristotle wrote in his book Meteorology about an Antarctic region in c. 350 B.C. Marinus of Tyre reportedly used the name in his unpreserved world map from the 2nd century A.D. The Roman authors Hyginus and Apuleius (1–2 centuries A.D.) used for the South Pole the romanized Greek name polus antarcticus, from which derived the Old French pole antartike (modern pôle antarctique) attested in 1270, and from there the Middle English pol antartik in a 1391 technical treatise by Geoffrey Chaucer (modern Antarctic Pole).", "title": "Antarctica" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Farbo Glacier () is a tributary glacier which drains northeastward and enters the Land Glacier west of Mount McCoy, on the coast of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photographs, 1959–65, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Richard R. Farbo, a U.S. Navy equipment operator who wintered-over in Antarctica on three expeditions of Operation Deep Freeze. He was at McMurdo Station in 1959 and 1965, and the South Pole Station in 1969.", "title": "Farbo Glacier" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The map on the right shows that lightning is not distributed evenly around the planet. About 70% of lightning occurs on land in the Tropics, where the majority of thunderstorms occur. The north and south poles and the areas over the oceans have the fewest lightning strikes. The place where lightning occurs most often (according to the data from 2004 to 2005) is near the small village of Kifuka in the mountains of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, where the elevation is around 975 metres (3,200 ft). This region received 158 lightning strikes per 1 square kilometer (409 per sq mi) a year.", "title": "Distribution of lightning" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The outbreak of the First World War in 1914 led to a suspension of all politics, including the militant suffragette campaigns. Lobbying did take place quietly. In 1918, a coalition government passed the Representation of the People Act 1918, enfranchising all men, as well as all women over the age of 30 who met minimum property qualifications. In 1928, the Conservative government passed the Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act giving the vote to all women over the age of 21 on equal terms with men.", "title": "Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90 ° North, as well as the direction of true north. At the North Pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. Along tight latitude circles, counterclockwise is east and clockwise is west. The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere.", "title": "North Pole" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton was the defending race winner. Sebastian Vettel entered the round with a seventeen - point lead over Hamilton in the World Drivers' Championship. His team, Ferrari, led Mercedes by ten points in the World Constructors' Championship. Vettel qualified on pole position, and in doing so recorded Ferrari's first pole position in China in fourteen years. Daniel Ricciardo won the race ahead of Valtteri Bottas and Kimi Räikkönen. Vettel's championship lead was cut to nine points when he finished in eighth place, the result of contact with Max Verstappen late in the race.", "title": "2018 Chinese Grand Prix" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crossover Pass is a pass between Gordon Glacier and Cornwall Glacier in the central part of the Shackleton Range in Antarctica. It was first mapped in 1957 by the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition and so named because this pass, together with Gordon and Cornwall Glaciers, provides a sledging route across the Shackleton Range from north to south.", "title": "Crossover Pass" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Salomon August Andrée shared these enthusiasms, and proposed a plan for letting the wind propel a hydrogen balloon from Svalbard across the Arctic Sea to the Bering Strait, to fetch up in Alaska, Canada, or Russia, and passing near or even right over the North Pole on the way. Andrée was an engineer at the patent office in Stockholm, with a passion for ballooning.", "title": "Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Frozen Dream (\"En frusen dröm\") is a documentary film released in 1997 as a followup to the 1982 Swedish movie \"Flight of the Eagle\", both directed by Jan Troell. The documentary describes the ill-fated attempt to fly over the North Pole in a hydrogen balloon by Salomon August Andrée in 1897.", "title": "A Frozen Dream" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Havola Escarpment is an isolated, snow-covered escarpment about northwest of the Thiel Mountains in Antarctica. The escarpment is arc shaped, 30 nautical miles long, and faces south. It was observed and mapped by the United States Antarctic Research Program Horlick Mountains Traverse party, 1958–59, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Major Antero Havola, US Army, the leader of the 700 nautical mile tractor traverse from Byrd Station to South Pole Station from December 8, 1960 to January 11, 1961. On December 25, 1960, the Havola party passed a few miles northward of this escarpment.", "title": "Havola Escarpment" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leutnant Max Näther (24 August 1899 – 8 January 1919) Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, Iron Cross, was a German World War I ace fighter pilot noted for the destruction of ten enemy observation balloons and sixteen aircraft. He was probably the youngest German ace in World War I.", "title": "Max Näther" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gallen Nunatak () is a nunatak on the south side of Balchunas Pass, northwest of Putzke Peak, in the McCuddin Mountains of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1959–69, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant Kevin P. Gallen, Civil Engineer Corps, U.S. Navy, Officer-in-Charge of South Pole Station, 1971.", "title": "Gallen Nunatak" } ]	Where is the pole the balloon was supposed to pass over located on the world map?	latitude 90 ° North	[]	Title: Crossover Pass Passage: Crossover Pass is a pass between Gordon Glacier and Cornwall Glacier in the central part of the Shackleton Range in Antarctica. It was first mapped in 1957 by the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition and so named because this pass, together with Gordon and Cornwall Glaciers, provides a sledging route across the Shackleton Range from north to south. Title: A Frozen Dream Passage: A Frozen Dream ("En frusen dröm") is a documentary film released in 1997 as a followup to the 1982 Swedish movie "Flight of the Eagle", both directed by Jan Troell. The documentary describes the ill-fated attempt to fly over the North Pole in a hydrogen balloon by Salomon August Andrée in 1897. Title: Distribution of lightning Passage: The map on the right shows that lightning is not distributed evenly around the planet. About 70% of lightning occurs on land in the Tropics, where the majority of thunderstorms occur. The north and south poles and the areas over the oceans have the fewest lightning strikes. The place where lightning occurs most often (according to the data from 2004 to 2005) is near the small village of Kifuka in the mountains of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, where the elevation is around 975 metres (3,200 ft). This region received 158 lightning strikes per 1 square kilometer (409 per sq mi) a year. Title: Lutz Hill Passage: Lutz Hill is a hill rising to about southeast of The Tooth in the Kyle Hills of Ross Island, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 2000 after electrical engineer Larry F. Lutz of the Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, a specialist in the development of scientific research instrumentation for ground-based, balloon, and rocket sounding programs for the United States Antarctic Program. Lutz spent 17 summer seasons at McMurdo Station, South Pole Station, and Siple Station in the years 1980–2000. Title: Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition Passage: Salomon August Andrée shared these enthusiasms, and proposed a plan for letting the wind propel a hydrogen balloon from Svalbard across the Arctic Sea to the Bering Strait, to fetch up in Alaska, Canada, or Russia, and passing near or even right over the North Pole on the way. Andrée was an engineer at the patent office in Stockholm, with a passion for ballooning. Title: Jenkins Heights Passage: The Jenkins Heights () are a broad ice-covered area rising over and covering some , located south of McClinton Glacier and west of Mount Bray on the Bakutis Coast of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. They were mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photographs, 1959–66, and were named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Charles Jenkins, a geophysicist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Station Scientific Leader at South Pole Station in the winter party of 1974. Title: Antarctica Passage: Aristotle wrote in his book Meteorology about an Antarctic region in c. 350 B.C. Marinus of Tyre reportedly used the name in his unpreserved world map from the 2nd century A.D. The Roman authors Hyginus and Apuleius (1–2 centuries A.D.) used for the South Pole the romanized Greek name polus antarcticus, from which derived the Old French pole antartike (modern pôle antarctique) attested in 1270, and from there the Middle English pol antartik in a 1391 technical treatise by Geoffrey Chaucer (modern Antarctic Pole). Title: Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom Passage: The outbreak of the First World War in 1914 led to a suspension of all politics, including the militant suffragette campaigns. Lobbying did take place quietly. In 1918, a coalition government passed the Representation of the People Act 1918, enfranchising all men, as well as all women over the age of 30 who met minimum property qualifications. In 1928, the Conservative government passed the Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act giving the vote to all women over the age of 21 on equal terms with men. Title: International Date Line Passage: The International Date Line (IDL) is an imaginary line of navigation on the surface of the Earth that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole and demarcates the change of one calendar day to the next. It passes through the middle of the Pacific Ocean, roughly following the 180 ° line of longitude but deviating to pass around some territories and island groups. Title: Havola Escarpment Passage: Havola Escarpment is an isolated, snow-covered escarpment about northwest of the Thiel Mountains in Antarctica. The escarpment is arc shaped, 30 nautical miles long, and faces south. It was observed and mapped by the United States Antarctic Research Program Horlick Mountains Traverse party, 1958–59, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Major Antero Havola, US Army, the leader of the 700 nautical mile tractor traverse from Byrd Station to South Pole Station from December 8, 1960 to January 11, 1961. On December 25, 1960, the Havola party passed a few miles northward of this escarpment. Title: Marcel Nogues Passage: Sous Lieutenant Marcel Joseph Maurice Nogues was a World War I flying ace credited with thirteen aerial victories. He was an ace over enemy observation balloons, as well as enemy airplanes. Title: Gallen Nunatak Passage: Gallen Nunatak () is a nunatak on the south side of Balchunas Pass, northwest of Putzke Peak, in the McCuddin Mountains of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1959–69, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant Kevin P. Gallen, Civil Engineer Corps, U.S. Navy, Officer-in-Charge of South Pole Station, 1971. Title: Farbo Glacier Passage: Farbo Glacier () is a tributary glacier which drains northeastward and enters the Land Glacier west of Mount McCoy, on the coast of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photographs, 1959–65, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Richard R. Farbo, a U.S. Navy equipment operator who wintered-over in Antarctica on three expeditions of Operation Deep Freeze. He was at McMurdo Station in 1959 and 1965, and the South Pole Station in 1969. Title: 2017 Monaco Grand Prix Passage: Kimi Räikkönen started the race from pole position, his first since the 2008 French Grand Prix. In doing so, he broke Giancarlo Fisichella's record for the most race starts between pole positions, with one hundred and twenty - nine starts since his last pole. Sebastian Vettel won the race, Ferrari's first win in Monaco since 2001. Räikkönen finished second as this was Ferrari's first 1 -- 2 finish since 2010 German Grand Prix. Daniel Ricciardo finished third. With the result, Vettel extended his Drivers' Championship lead over Lewis Hamilton, while in the World Constructors' Championship, Ferrari reclaimed the points lead from Mercedes. Title: Jumping Flash! Passage: The game is composed of six worlds with three levels each, totalling to 18 main levels. The objective of the main levels in each world is to collect four jet pods. Each final level of a world consists of a boss fight. The level designs vary from snow - capped mountains to carnivals. While most of the levels are large, outdoor excursions, two are enclosed within a narrow interior. The game features hidden bonus levels, which are triggered when secret entrances are found. Bonus levels consist of blocks with balloons in them; popping the balloons yields either coins or power - ups. A time attack mode is available for any level the player has completed. Title: North Pole Passage: The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90 ° North, as well as the direction of true north. At the North Pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. Along tight latitude circles, counterclockwise is east and clockwise is west. The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere. Title: William Charles Campbell Passage: Captain William Charles Campbell, (27 April 1889 – 26 February 1958), was a World War I fighter pilot of Scots heritage who was credited with 23 victories. Serving with No. 1 Squadron during 1917, he was a notable balloon buster, being the first British ace to down five enemy observation balloons. He also claimed eleven aircraft destroyed, and seven (including two shared) 'driven down out of control'. Title: Sullivan Peaks Passage: Sullivan Peaks is a pair of sharp peaks in Antarctica, over 1,400 m, on a spur descending from Pierce Peak on the north side of Mackin Table, in the Patuxent Range, Pensacola Mountains. They were mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos from 1956-66. They were named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Lieutenant Ronald C. Sullivan of the U.S. Navy, who was the officer in charge of the South Pole Station during the winter of 1967. Title: 2018 Chinese Grand Prix Passage: Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton was the defending race winner. Sebastian Vettel entered the round with a seventeen - point lead over Hamilton in the World Drivers' Championship. His team, Ferrari, led Mercedes by ten points in the World Constructors' Championship. Vettel qualified on pole position, and in doing so recorded Ferrari's first pole position in China in fourteen years. Daniel Ricciardo won the race ahead of Valtteri Bottas and Kimi Räikkönen. Vettel's championship lead was cut to nine points when he finished in eighth place, the result of contact with Max Verstappen late in the race. Title: Max Näther Passage: Leutnant Max Näther (24 August 1899 – 8 January 1919) Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, Iron Cross, was a German World War I ace fighter pilot noted for the destruction of ten enemy observation balloons and sixteen aircraft. He was probably the youngest German ace in World War I.	[ "North Pole", "Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition" ]
2hop__496792_392646	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "HMS \"Galatea\" was one of eight light cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the 1910s. She fought in the First World War, participating in the Battle of Jutland. Following the war, she was scrapped.", "title": "HMS Galatea (1914)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jakub Jasiński of Rawicz Clan (24 July 1761, in Węglów near Pyzdry in Greater Poland – 4 November 1794, in Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish general, and poet of Enlightenment. He participated in the War in Defence of the Constitution in 1792, was an enemy of the Targowica Confederation and organized an action against its supporters in Wilno. He participated also in the Kościuszko Uprising, during the course of which he was killed in the Battle of Praga in 1794.", "title": "Jakub Jasiński" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Otho Holland Williams (March 1, 1749 – July 15, 1794) was a Continental Army officer from Maryland in the American Revolutionary War. He participated in many battles throughout the war in the New York, New Jersey and Southern theaters, eventually ending his career as a Brigadier General.", "title": "Otho Holland Williams" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The \"Kearsarge\"-class battleships were two pre-dreadnought battleships built for the United States Navy at the beginning of the 20th century. They were designed to be used for coastal defense. Both of the ships, and , were authorized in 1895 and commissioned in 1900. Neither ship participated in a major battle, although they participated in the Great White Fleet, the oldest ships on the cruise. \"Kentucky\" was decommissioned in 1920 and sold for scrap in 1923. \"Kearsarge\" was also decommissioned in 1920, although it was then converted into a crane ship, and served in that capacity until scrapping in 1955.", "title": "Kearsarge-class battleship" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Kazan (1774) was a major battle during the Pugachev Rebellion. It took place on 12 -- 15 July 1774 in Kazan, Russia, and the surrounding area. The first stage began in the morning of 12 July, when rebels under Yemelyan Pugachev defeated government troops and besieged them in the Kazan Kremlin. During the battle some government forces defected to the rebels' side. However, in the evening, tsarist forces under Johann Michelson reached Kazan and defeated the rebels in two battles which took place on 13 and 15 July, forcing Pugachev to retreat to Tsaryovokokshaysk and then to cross the Volga. Out of 25,000 and 15,000 rebels who participated in the first and last stages of the battle respectively, only 500 escaped.", "title": "Battle of Kazan (1774)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emilio Dandolo (5 July 1830, Varese – 20 February 1859, Milan) was an important figure in the Italian Risorgimento, participating in several of its most important battles.", "title": "Emilio Dandolo" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Watson (born 1850) was an American soldier who was in Custer's battalion during the time of the battle of Little BigHorn but did not participate in the battle having been unable to keep up because his horse gave out and he thus survived the battle.", "title": "James Watson (soldier)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Anthony Jackson (1599–1666) was an English lawyer, soldier, and knight in the seventeenth century. A cavalier during the English Civil War, he was knighted by Charles II, participated in the Battle of Worcester, and was imprisoned in the Tower of London for over a decade.", "title": "Anthony Jackson (soldier)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A royalist army formed by the Clan Gordon and Clan Ogilvy, led by Alexander Gordon, 1st Earl of Huntly, defeated the rebel Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford, a leading ally of the Black Douglases. Shortly after Crawford submitted to the king, leaving the Black Douglases more isolated, to be defeated at the Battle of Arkinholm in 1455.", "title": "Battle of Brechin" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Barcelona on September 27, 1916, he passed the entrance exams as a pilot in December 1936 and joined Aviacion in March 1937. He officially became a pilot on October 31. During the Spanish Civil War, he completed 366 hours of flight and participated in 20 battles. In his final battle on February 6, 1939, he shot down and killed Hans Nirminger. Sanmartin was exiled to France and obtained French citizenship. He got a job in Toulouse as a civil engineer and retired in 1976. He frequently cleaned the grave of Nirminger out of respect for his adversary.", "title": "José Falcó Sanmartín" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Darren Dods (born 7 June 1975) is a Scottish football player and coach. Dods played as a central defender for Hibernian, St Johnstone, Inverness Caledonian Thistle, Dundee United, Falkirk, Forfar Athletic and Brechin City. He also represented Scotland at the under-21 and B international levels.", "title": "Darren Dods" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Oosterweel took place on 13 March 1567 near the village of Oosterweel, north of Antwerp, and is traditionally seen as the beginning of the Eighty Years' War. A Spanish infantry division under General Beauvoir defeated an army of radical Calvinists rebels under Jan de Marnix. The prisoners were considered rebels and executed. William the Silent, the Burggraaf of Antwerp, did not allow the Protestants of the city to participate in the battle because he was, as lord of the city, bound by oath to support the Spanish Habsburg King.", "title": "Battle of Oosterweel" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Brihuega took place on 8 December 1710 in the War of the Spanish Succession, during the allied retreat from Madrid to Barcelona. The British rearguard under Lord Stanhope was cut off within the town of Brihuega and overwhelmed by a Franco-Spanish army under the duc de Vendôme. Brihuega with other events brought an end to the British participation in the war.", "title": "Battle of Brihuega" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Ligny (16 June 1815) was the last victory of the military career of Napoleon Bonaparte. In this battle, French troops of the Armée du Nord under Napoleon's command, defeated part of a Prussian army under Field Marshal Prince Blücher, near Ligny in present-day Belgium. The Battle of Ligny is an example of a tactical win and a strategic loss for the French. While the French troops did force the enemy to retreat, the Prussian army survived and went on to play a pivotal role two days later at the Battle of Waterloo, reinforced by the Prussian IV Corps, which had not participated in the Battle of Ligny. Had the French army succeeded in keeping the Prussian army from joining the Anglo-allied Army under Wellington at Waterloo, Napoleon might have won the Waterloo Campaign.", "title": "Battle of Ligny" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nils Palme was the son of Sven Palme and Hanna von Born, the brother of Olof and Gunnar Palme and the paternal uncle of late Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme. He was an officer at Göta Artillery Regiment before he became head of the fourth battery at the Artillery School in Jacobstad. During the hunger- and military demonstrations in 1917 in Gothenburg, he contributed to force down the demonstrations. During the Finnish Civil War, he participated on the white side as battery manager to the Battle of Länkipohja and Battle of Tampere. After the war, he took over the management of Ånga herrgård, a manor house, near Nyköping.", "title": "Nils Palme" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Hastings reenactment is a yearly reenactment of the Battle of Hastings, held at Battle Abbey in Battle, East Sussex, UK, and drawing participants from around the world. It takes place every year on the weekend nearest 14 October on the site of the historical battle, although is often arranged across the hill rather than up it, to take account of the smaller number of participants and the need for spectators.", "title": "Battle of Hastings reenactment" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was born in Dunbog, in the county of Fife, Scotland in 1743. Joining the 4th Regiment of Foot as ensign in 1761, he rose to become one of Cornwallis' most trusted officers during the American Revolution. He fought and was severely injured in the Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed's Hill) and also participated in battles in Elizabethtown, Brandywine, and Germantown, and was made Lieutenant-Colonel (of the 23rd Regiment of Foot) in 1778. He accompanied Cornwallis to Charleston where he was sometimes commandant. He was promoted to Major General in 1793, Colonel of both the 93rd Foot and the 39th Foot in 1794 and served in the war with France.", "title": "Nisbet Balfour" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the Arab-Israeli War of 1967, the Israeli Army was equipped with a large number of SS.11s supplied by France. SS.11 saw action in 1967 during Six-Day War, for instance during the battle of Abu-Ageila.", "title": "SS.11" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Iain Davidson (born 14 January 1984) is a Scottish professional footballer, who is currently at Scottish League 1 side Raith Rovers. Davidson mainly plays as a defensive midfielder but can also be played in the defence. He has previously played for Brechin City, Scarborough, another spell at Raith Rovers and Dundee.", "title": "Iain Davidson" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Clan Gordon, also known as the House of Gordon, is a Scottish clan. The chief of the clan is the powerful Earl of Huntly, and now also the Marquess of Huntly.", "title": "Clan Gordon" } ]	A participant of the Battle of Brechin is an instance of?	Scottish clan	[]	Title: Clan Gordon Passage: Clan Gordon, also known as the House of Gordon, is a Scottish clan. The chief of the clan is the powerful Earl of Huntly, and now also the Marquess of Huntly. Title: HMS Galatea (1914) Passage: HMS "Galatea" was one of eight light cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the 1910s. She fought in the First World War, participating in the Battle of Jutland. Following the war, she was scrapped. Title: Kearsarge-class battleship Passage: The "Kearsarge"-class battleships were two pre-dreadnought battleships built for the United States Navy at the beginning of the 20th century. They were designed to be used for coastal defense. Both of the ships, and , were authorized in 1895 and commissioned in 1900. Neither ship participated in a major battle, although they participated in the Great White Fleet, the oldest ships on the cruise. "Kentucky" was decommissioned in 1920 and sold for scrap in 1923. "Kearsarge" was also decommissioned in 1920, although it was then converted into a crane ship, and served in that capacity until scrapping in 1955. Title: Battle of Oosterweel Passage: The Battle of Oosterweel took place on 13 March 1567 near the village of Oosterweel, north of Antwerp, and is traditionally seen as the beginning of the Eighty Years' War. A Spanish infantry division under General Beauvoir defeated an army of radical Calvinists rebels under Jan de Marnix. The prisoners were considered rebels and executed. William the Silent, the Burggraaf of Antwerp, did not allow the Protestants of the city to participate in the battle because he was, as lord of the city, bound by oath to support the Spanish Habsburg King. Title: Otho Holland Williams Passage: Otho Holland Williams (March 1, 1749 – July 15, 1794) was a Continental Army officer from Maryland in the American Revolutionary War. He participated in many battles throughout the war in the New York, New Jersey and Southern theaters, eventually ending his career as a Brigadier General. Title: Nils Palme Passage: Nils Palme was the son of Sven Palme and Hanna von Born, the brother of Olof and Gunnar Palme and the paternal uncle of late Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme. He was an officer at Göta Artillery Regiment before he became head of the fourth battery at the Artillery School in Jacobstad. During the hunger- and military demonstrations in 1917 in Gothenburg, he contributed to force down the demonstrations. During the Finnish Civil War, he participated on the white side as battery manager to the Battle of Länkipohja and Battle of Tampere. After the war, he took over the management of Ånga herrgård, a manor house, near Nyköping. Title: Battle of Brihuega Passage: The Battle of Brihuega took place on 8 December 1710 in the War of the Spanish Succession, during the allied retreat from Madrid to Barcelona. The British rearguard under Lord Stanhope was cut off within the town of Brihuega and overwhelmed by a Franco-Spanish army under the duc de Vendôme. Brihuega with other events brought an end to the British participation in the war. Title: Jakub Jasiński Passage: Jakub Jasiński of Rawicz Clan (24 July 1761, in Węglów near Pyzdry in Greater Poland – 4 November 1794, in Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish general, and poet of Enlightenment. He participated in the War in Defence of the Constitution in 1792, was an enemy of the Targowica Confederation and organized an action against its supporters in Wilno. He participated also in the Kościuszko Uprising, during the course of which he was killed in the Battle of Praga in 1794. Title: James Watson (soldier) Passage: James Watson (born 1850) was an American soldier who was in Custer's battalion during the time of the battle of Little BigHorn but did not participate in the battle having been unable to keep up because his horse gave out and he thus survived the battle. Title: Battle of Ligny Passage: The Battle of Ligny (16 June 1815) was the last victory of the military career of Napoleon Bonaparte. In this battle, French troops of the Armée du Nord under Napoleon's command, defeated part of a Prussian army under Field Marshal Prince Blücher, near Ligny in present-day Belgium. The Battle of Ligny is an example of a tactical win and a strategic loss for the French. While the French troops did force the enemy to retreat, the Prussian army survived and went on to play a pivotal role two days later at the Battle of Waterloo, reinforced by the Prussian IV Corps, which had not participated in the Battle of Ligny. Had the French army succeeded in keeping the Prussian army from joining the Anglo-allied Army under Wellington at Waterloo, Napoleon might have won the Waterloo Campaign. Title: Emilio Dandolo Passage: Emilio Dandolo (5 July 1830, Varese – 20 February 1859, Milan) was an important figure in the Italian Risorgimento, participating in several of its most important battles. Title: Darren Dods Passage: Darren Dods (born 7 June 1975) is a Scottish football player and coach. Dods played as a central defender for Hibernian, St Johnstone, Inverness Caledonian Thistle, Dundee United, Falkirk, Forfar Athletic and Brechin City. He also represented Scotland at the under-21 and B international levels. Title: Battle of Hastings reenactment Passage: The Battle of Hastings reenactment is a yearly reenactment of the Battle of Hastings, held at Battle Abbey in Battle, East Sussex, UK, and drawing participants from around the world. It takes place every year on the weekend nearest 14 October on the site of the historical battle, although is often arranged across the hill rather than up it, to take account of the smaller number of participants and the need for spectators. Title: Battle of Kazan (1774) Passage: The Battle of Kazan (1774) was a major battle during the Pugachev Rebellion. It took place on 12 -- 15 July 1774 in Kazan, Russia, and the surrounding area. The first stage began in the morning of 12 July, when rebels under Yemelyan Pugachev defeated government troops and besieged them in the Kazan Kremlin. During the battle some government forces defected to the rebels' side. However, in the evening, tsarist forces under Johann Michelson reached Kazan and defeated the rebels in two battles which took place on 13 and 15 July, forcing Pugachev to retreat to Tsaryovokokshaysk and then to cross the Volga. Out of 25,000 and 15,000 rebels who participated in the first and last stages of the battle respectively, only 500 escaped. Title: Nisbet Balfour Passage: He was born in Dunbog, in the county of Fife, Scotland in 1743. Joining the 4th Regiment of Foot as ensign in 1761, he rose to become one of Cornwallis' most trusted officers during the American Revolution. He fought and was severely injured in the Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed's Hill) and also participated in battles in Elizabethtown, Brandywine, and Germantown, and was made Lieutenant-Colonel (of the 23rd Regiment of Foot) in 1778. He accompanied Cornwallis to Charleston where he was sometimes commandant. He was promoted to Major General in 1793, Colonel of both the 93rd Foot and the 39th Foot in 1794 and served in the war with France. Title: Iain Davidson Passage: Iain Davidson (born 14 January 1984) is a Scottish professional footballer, who is currently at Scottish League 1 side Raith Rovers. Davidson mainly plays as a defensive midfielder but can also be played in the defence. He has previously played for Brechin City, Scarborough, another spell at Raith Rovers and Dundee. Title: SS.11 Passage: During the Arab-Israeli War of 1967, the Israeli Army was equipped with a large number of SS.11s supplied by France. SS.11 saw action in 1967 during Six-Day War, for instance during the battle of Abu-Ageila. Title: José Falcó Sanmartín Passage: Born in Barcelona on September 27, 1916, he passed the entrance exams as a pilot in December 1936 and joined Aviacion in March 1937. He officially became a pilot on October 31. During the Spanish Civil War, he completed 366 hours of flight and participated in 20 battles. In his final battle on February 6, 1939, he shot down and killed Hans Nirminger. Sanmartin was exiled to France and obtained French citizenship. He got a job in Toulouse as a civil engineer and retired in 1976. He frequently cleaned the grave of Nirminger out of respect for his adversary. Title: Anthony Jackson (soldier) Passage: Sir Anthony Jackson (1599–1666) was an English lawyer, soldier, and knight in the seventeenth century. A cavalier during the English Civil War, he was knighted by Charles II, participated in the Battle of Worcester, and was imprisoned in the Tower of London for over a decade. Title: Battle of Brechin Passage: A royalist army formed by the Clan Gordon and Clan Ogilvy, led by Alexander Gordon, 1st Earl of Huntly, defeated the rebel Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford, a leading ally of the Black Douglases. Shortly after Crawford submitted to the king, leaving the Black Douglases more isolated, to be defeated at the Battle of Arkinholm in 1455.	[ "Battle of Brechin", "Clan Gordon" ]
2hop__557496_57594	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nolan and Joy serve as executive producers, along with J.J. Abrams, Jerry Weintraub, and Bryan Burk. The first season was broadcast between October 2 and December 4, 2016; it comprised ten episodes. In November 2016, HBO renewed the series for a ten - episode second season, which was broadcast from April 22 to June 24, 2018. Westworld's debut on HBO had the network's highest viewership ratings for a premiere since the first episode of True Detective in 2014. Moreover, the series ranks as the most - watched first season of any HBO original series. On May 1, 2018, Westworld was renewed for a third season.", "title": "Westworld (TV series)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 3-inch gun M1917 was a World War I-era US-made anti-aircraft gun based on the 3-inch gun M1903. It was designed for a fixed mounting and remained in service, primarily at Coast Artillery installations, through World War II. It was determined that the weapon was too heavy and had too much recoil for mobile mountings, so a new weapon based on the lighter and less powerful 3-inch gun M1898 was developed, designated the 3-inch Gun M1918. This was the standard US anti-aircraft gun until replaced by the 3-inch gun M3 in 1930. There is some controversy as to whether any seacoast guns were actually converted into anti-aircraft guns in the development of these weapons.", "title": "3-inch gun M1903" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first several years of the 20th century were a period of confusion and transition in US naval strategy, tactics, and ship design. The \"Mississippi\" class, along with the preceding , were designed based on lessons learned in the Spanish–American War, but while they were under construction, the Russo-Japanese War, war games, and experimentation demonstrated new priorities and concepts which would influence future designs. This was also a period where rapid development of techniques and training in the use of large guns made the inclusion of rapid-fire intermediate and secondary weapons unnecessary. Future US designs would reduce the confusing array of guns sizes in predreadnought battleships and rely on one gun size for the main armament, the \"all-big-gun\" concept, along with many small guns of a uniform caliber to combat small vessels in close proximity.", "title": "Mississippi-class battleship" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During World War II the .50 BMG was primarily used in the M2 Browning machine gun, in both its \"light barrel\" aircraft mount version and the \"heavy barrel\" (HB) version on ground vehicles, for anti-aircraft purposes. An upgraded variant of the M2 Browning HB machine gun used during World War II is still in use today. Since the mid-1950s, some armored personnel carriers and utility vehicles have been made to withstand 12.7 mm machine gun fire, restricting the destructive capability of the M2. It still has more penetrating power than lighter weapons such as general-purpose machine guns, though it is significantly heavier and more cumbersome to transport. Its range and accuracy, however, are superior to light machine guns when fixed on tripods, and it has not been replaced as the standard caliber for Western vehicle-mounted machine guns (Soviet and CIS armored vehicles mount 12.7×108mm NSVs, which are ballistically similar to .50 BMGs).", "title": ".50 BMG" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Thompson submachine gun is an American submachine gun invented by John T. Thompson in 1918 which became infamous during the Prohibition era, being a signature weapon of various crime syndicates in the United States. It was a common sight in the media of the time, being used by both law enforcement officers and criminals. The Thompson submachine gun was also known informally as the \"Tommy Gun\", \"Tôm Sông\", \"Annihilator\", \"Chicago Typewriter\", \"Chicago Submachine\", \"Chicago Piano\", \"Chicago Style\", \"Chicago Organ Grinder\", \"Trench Broom\", \"Trench Sweeper\", \"Drum Gun\",\"The Chopper\", and simply \"The Thompson\".", "title": "Thompson submachine gun" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 120-pounder Whitworth naval gun was designed by Joseph Whitworth during the 1860s. It was a rifled muzzle loader and used his hexagonal rifled bore design, the principle of which is described in the article on the 70-pounder Whitworth naval gun.", "title": "120-pounder Whitworth naval gun" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Dambusters raid in 1943 an entirely new system was developed that was required to knock down any low-flying aircraft with a single hit. The first attempt to produce such a system used a 50 mm gun, but this proved inaccurate and a new 55 mm gun replaced it. The system used a centralised control system including both search and targeting radar, which calculated the aim point for the guns after considering windage and ballistics, and then sent electrical commands to the guns, which used hydraulics to point themselves at high speeds. Operators simply fed the guns and selected the targets. This system, modern even by today's standards, was in late development when the war ended.", "title": "Anti-aircraft warfare" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss or in French use Canon Hotchkiss à tir rapide de 47 mm were a family of long-lived light naval guns introduced in 1886 to defend against new, small and fast vessels such as torpedo boats and later submarines. There were many variants produced, often under license which ranged in length from 32 to 50 calibers but 40 caliber was the most common version. They were widely used by the navies of a number of nations and often used by both sides in a conflict. They were also used ashore as coastal defense guns and later as an anti-aircraft gun, whether on improvised or specialized HA/LA mounts.", "title": "QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The song plays during the end credits of the films Full Metal Jacket and The Devil's Advocate. In TV, it was used as the opening theme song to the series Tour of Duty and for the end credits to part five of The Vietnam War documentary series. It was featured in the Call of Duty: Black Ops III and The Mummy trailers. The Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball use the song as part of their ``Black Out ''promotions. An orchestral arrangement of the song has been used in multiple episodes of the TV series Westworld. R&B singer Ciara would later cover the song for the soundtrack of the 2015 film The Last Witch Hunter.", "title": "Paint It Black" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Casey Affleck -- Patrick Kenzie Michelle Monaghan -- Angie Gennaro Morgan Freeman -- Captain Jack Doyle Ed Harris -- Detective Sergeant Remy Bressant John Ashton -- Detective Nick Poole Amy Ryan -- Helene McCready Madeline O'Brien -- Amanda McCready Amy Madigan -- Beatrice ``Bea ''McCready Titus Welliver -- Lionel McCready Slaine -- Bubba Rogowski Edi Gathegi -- Cheese Mark Margolis -- Leon Trett Michael K. Williams -- Devin Jill Quigg -- Dottie", "title": "Gone Baby Gone" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cannone da 90/53 was an Italian-designed cannon used both in an anti-aircraft role and as an anti-tank gun during World War II. It was one of the most successful anti-aircraft guns to see service during the conflict.", "title": "Cannone da 90/53" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The BL 18-inch Mk I naval gun was a breech-loading naval gun used by the Royal Navy during World War I. It was the largest and heaviest gun ever used by the British. Only the Second-World-War Japanese 40 cm/45 Type 94 had a larger calibre, , but the British shell was heavier. The gun was a scaled-up version of the BL 15 inch Mk I naval gun and was developed to equip the \"large light cruiser\" (a form of battlecruiser) . Three guns were built, but they did not see combat with \"Furious\", before they were removed from her and transferred to the s and for coast bombardment duties. Only 85 rounds were fired in combat operations before the war ended. All three were removed from service in 1920 and served as proving guns for cordite tests. Two were scrapped in 1933 and the last one survived until it was scrapped in 1947.", "title": "BL 18-inch Mk I naval gun" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pre-dreadnoughts carried guns of several different calibres, for different roles in ship-to-ship combat. The main armament was four heavy guns, mounted in two centre-line turrets fore and aft. Very few pre-dreadnoughts deviated from this arrangement. These guns were slow-firing, and initially of limited accuracy; but they were the only guns heavy enough to penetrate the thick armour which protected the engines, magazines, and main guns of enemy battleships.The most common calibre for the main armament was 12-inch (305 mm), although some ships used smaller guns because they could attain higher rates of fire; British battleships from the Majestic class onwards carried this calibre, as did French ships from the Charlemagne class (laid down in 1894). Japan, importing most of its guns from Britain, used 12-inch guns. The United States used both 12-inch (305 mm) and 13-inch (330 mm) guns for most of the 1890s until the Maine class (not to be confused with the earlier Maine of Spanish–American War notoriety), laid down in 1899, after which the 12-inch gun was universal. The Russians used both 12 and 10-inch (254 mm) as their main armament; the Petropavlovsk class, Retvizan, Tsesarevich, and Borodino class had 12-inch (305 mm) main batteries while the Peresvet class mounted 10-inch (254 mm) guns. The first German pre-dreadnought class used an 11-inch (279 mm) gun but decreased to a 9.4-inch (239 mm) gun for the two following classes and returned to 11-inch guns with the Braunschweig class.", "title": "Pre-dreadnought battleship" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Book of Bond or, Every Man His Own 007 is a book by Kingsley Amis which was first published by Jonathan Cape in 1965. For this work, Amis used the pseudonym Lt.-Col. William (\"Bill\") Tanner. In Ian Fleming's James Bond novels, Bill Tanner is M's chief of staff and a recurring character throughout the series.", "title": "The Book of Bond" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The LeMat revolver was a. 42 or. 36 caliber cap & ball black powder revolver invented by Jean Alexandre LeMat of New Orleans, which featured an unusual secondary 20 gauge smooth - bore barrel capable of firing buckshot. It saw service with the armed forces of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861 -- 65 and the Army of the Government of National Defense during the Franco - Prussian War.", "title": "LeMat Revolver" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Riders of the Purple Sage is a 1996 TV-movie based on the Western novel by Zane Grey, directed by Charles Haid, adapted by Gil Dennis, and starring Ed Harris as Lassiter and Amy Madigan as Jane Withersteen. This TNT Original Production is the fifth screen adaptation of Grey's novel across an eight-decade span.", "title": "Riders of the Purple Sage (1996 film)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Field of Dreams is a 1989 American fantasy - drama sports film directed by Phil Alden Robinson, who also wrote the screenplay, adapting W.P. Kinsella's novel Shoeless Joe. It stars Kevin Costner, Amy Madigan, James Earl Jones, Ray Liotta and Burt Lancaster in his final role. It was nominated for three Academy Awards, including for Best Original Score, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Picture.", "title": "Field of Dreams" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The modern definition refers to a class of large-caliber (generally .50 or 12.7mm) machine guns, pioneered by John Moses Browning with the M2 machine gun. These weapons are designed to provide increased range, penetration and destructive power against vehicles, buildings, aircraft and light fortifications beyond the standard rifle calibers used in medium or general-purpose machine gun, or the intermediate cartridges used in light machine guns. In this sense, the \"heavy\" aspect of the weapon refers to its superior power and range over light- and medium-caliber weapons, in addition to its weight. This class of machine gun came into widespread use during World War II, when the M2 was used widely in fortifications, on vehicles and in aircraft by American forces. A similar HMG capacity was later fielded by the Soviets in the form of Vasily Degtyaryov's DShK in 12.7×108mm. The ubiquitous German MG42 general-purpose machine gun, though well-suited against infantry, lacked the M2's anti-fortification and anti-vehicle capability, a fact that was noted and lamented by the Germans. The continued need for a longer-range machine gun with anti-materiel capability to bridge the gap between exclusively anti-infantry weapons and exclusively anti-materiel weapons has led to the widespread adoption and modernization of the class, and most nations' armed forces are equipped with some type of HMG.", "title": "Heavy machine gun" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Places in the Heart is a 1984 American drama film written and directed by Robert Benton about a U.S. Depression-era Texas widow who tries to save the family farm with the help of a blind white man and a poor black man. The film stars Sally Field, Lindsay Crouse, Ed Harris, Ray Baker, Amy Madigan, John Malkovich, Danny Glover, Jerry Haynes and Terry O'Quinn. It was filmed in Waxahachie, Texas on Jack Davis' farm. Field won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance.", "title": "Places in the Heart" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Canon de 75 mle GP II was a field gun used by Belgium during World War II. Cockerill mounted lengthened Canon de 75 mle TR barrels on ex-German 7.7 cm FK 16 gun carriages received as reparations after World War I. After 1940, the Wehrmacht designated captured guns as the 7.5 cm FK 234(b) and used them to equip occupation units in Belgium.", "title": "Canon de 75 mle GP II" } ]	What gun does Amy Madigan's spouse used in westworld?	LeMat revolver	[ "LeMat Revolver" ]	Title: Cannone da 90/53 Passage: The Cannone da 90/53 was an Italian-designed cannon used both in an anti-aircraft role and as an anti-tank gun during World War II. It was one of the most successful anti-aircraft guns to see service during the conflict. Title: 3-inch gun M1903 Passage: The 3-inch gun M1917 was a World War I-era US-made anti-aircraft gun based on the 3-inch gun M1903. It was designed for a fixed mounting and remained in service, primarily at Coast Artillery installations, through World War II. It was determined that the weapon was too heavy and had too much recoil for mobile mountings, so a new weapon based on the lighter and less powerful 3-inch gun M1898 was developed, designated the 3-inch Gun M1918. This was the standard US anti-aircraft gun until replaced by the 3-inch gun M3 in 1930. There is some controversy as to whether any seacoast guns were actually converted into anti-aircraft guns in the development of these weapons. Title: Thompson submachine gun Passage: The Thompson submachine gun is an American submachine gun invented by John T. Thompson in 1918 which became infamous during the Prohibition era, being a signature weapon of various crime syndicates in the United States. It was a common sight in the media of the time, being used by both law enforcement officers and criminals. The Thompson submachine gun was also known informally as the "Tommy Gun", "Tôm Sông", "Annihilator", "Chicago Typewriter", "Chicago Submachine", "Chicago Piano", "Chicago Style", "Chicago Organ Grinder", "Trench Broom", "Trench Sweeper", "Drum Gun","The Chopper", and simply "The Thompson". Title: QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss Passage: The QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss or in French use Canon Hotchkiss à tir rapide de 47 mm were a family of long-lived light naval guns introduced in 1886 to defend against new, small and fast vessels such as torpedo boats and later submarines. There were many variants produced, often under license which ranged in length from 32 to 50 calibers but 40 caliber was the most common version. They were widely used by the navies of a number of nations and often used by both sides in a conflict. They were also used ashore as coastal defense guns and later as an anti-aircraft gun, whether on improvised or specialized HA/LA mounts. Title: BL 18-inch Mk I naval gun Passage: The BL 18-inch Mk I naval gun was a breech-loading naval gun used by the Royal Navy during World War I. It was the largest and heaviest gun ever used by the British. Only the Second-World-War Japanese 40 cm/45 Type 94 had a larger calibre, , but the British shell was heavier. The gun was a scaled-up version of the BL 15 inch Mk I naval gun and was developed to equip the "large light cruiser" (a form of battlecruiser) . Three guns were built, but they did not see combat with "Furious", before they were removed from her and transferred to the s and for coast bombardment duties. Only 85 rounds were fired in combat operations before the war ended. All three were removed from service in 1920 and served as proving guns for cordite tests. Two were scrapped in 1933 and the last one survived until it was scrapped in 1947. Title: .50 BMG Passage: During World War II the .50 BMG was primarily used in the M2 Browning machine gun, in both its "light barrel" aircraft mount version and the "heavy barrel" (HB) version on ground vehicles, for anti-aircraft purposes. An upgraded variant of the M2 Browning HB machine gun used during World War II is still in use today. Since the mid-1950s, some armored personnel carriers and utility vehicles have been made to withstand 12.7 mm machine gun fire, restricting the destructive capability of the M2. It still has more penetrating power than lighter weapons such as general-purpose machine guns, though it is significantly heavier and more cumbersome to transport. Its range and accuracy, however, are superior to light machine guns when fixed on tripods, and it has not been replaced as the standard caliber for Western vehicle-mounted machine guns (Soviet and CIS armored vehicles mount 12.7×108mm NSVs, which are ballistically similar to .50 BMGs). Title: Places in the Heart Passage: Places in the Heart is a 1984 American drama film written and directed by Robert Benton about a U.S. Depression-era Texas widow who tries to save the family farm with the help of a blind white man and a poor black man. The film stars Sally Field, Lindsay Crouse, Ed Harris, Ray Baker, Amy Madigan, John Malkovich, Danny Glover, Jerry Haynes and Terry O'Quinn. It was filmed in Waxahachie, Texas on Jack Davis' farm. Field won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance. Title: Riders of the Purple Sage (1996 film) Passage: Riders of the Purple Sage is a 1996 TV-movie based on the Western novel by Zane Grey, directed by Charles Haid, adapted by Gil Dennis, and starring Ed Harris as Lassiter and Amy Madigan as Jane Withersteen. This TNT Original Production is the fifth screen adaptation of Grey's novel across an eight-decade span. Title: 120-pounder Whitworth naval gun Passage: The 120-pounder Whitworth naval gun was designed by Joseph Whitworth during the 1860s. It was a rifled muzzle loader and used his hexagonal rifled bore design, the principle of which is described in the article on the 70-pounder Whitworth naval gun. Title: The Book of Bond Passage: The Book of Bond or, Every Man His Own 007 is a book by Kingsley Amis which was first published by Jonathan Cape in 1965. For this work, Amis used the pseudonym Lt.-Col. William ("Bill") Tanner. In Ian Fleming's James Bond novels, Bill Tanner is M's chief of staff and a recurring character throughout the series. Title: Anti-aircraft warfare Passage: After the Dambusters raid in 1943 an entirely new system was developed that was required to knock down any low-flying aircraft with a single hit. The first attempt to produce such a system used a 50 mm gun, but this proved inaccurate and a new 55 mm gun replaced it. The system used a centralised control system including both search and targeting radar, which calculated the aim point for the guns after considering windage and ballistics, and then sent electrical commands to the guns, which used hydraulics to point themselves at high speeds. Operators simply fed the guns and selected the targets. This system, modern even by today's standards, was in late development when the war ended. Title: LeMat Revolver Passage: The LeMat revolver was a. 42 or. 36 caliber cap & ball black powder revolver invented by Jean Alexandre LeMat of New Orleans, which featured an unusual secondary 20 gauge smooth - bore barrel capable of firing buckshot. It saw service with the armed forces of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861 -- 65 and the Army of the Government of National Defense during the Franco - Prussian War. Title: Heavy machine gun Passage: The modern definition refers to a class of large-caliber (generally .50 or 12.7mm) machine guns, pioneered by John Moses Browning with the M2 machine gun. These weapons are designed to provide increased range, penetration and destructive power against vehicles, buildings, aircraft and light fortifications beyond the standard rifle calibers used in medium or general-purpose machine gun, or the intermediate cartridges used in light machine guns. In this sense, the "heavy" aspect of the weapon refers to its superior power and range over light- and medium-caliber weapons, in addition to its weight. This class of machine gun came into widespread use during World War II, when the M2 was used widely in fortifications, on vehicles and in aircraft by American forces. A similar HMG capacity was later fielded by the Soviets in the form of Vasily Degtyaryov's DShK in 12.7×108mm. The ubiquitous German MG42 general-purpose machine gun, though well-suited against infantry, lacked the M2's anti-fortification and anti-vehicle capability, a fact that was noted and lamented by the Germans. The continued need for a longer-range machine gun with anti-materiel capability to bridge the gap between exclusively anti-infantry weapons and exclusively anti-materiel weapons has led to the widespread adoption and modernization of the class, and most nations' armed forces are equipped with some type of HMG. Title: Mississippi-class battleship Passage: The first several years of the 20th century were a period of confusion and transition in US naval strategy, tactics, and ship design. The "Mississippi" class, along with the preceding , were designed based on lessons learned in the Spanish–American War, but while they were under construction, the Russo-Japanese War, war games, and experimentation demonstrated new priorities and concepts which would influence future designs. This was also a period where rapid development of techniques and training in the use of large guns made the inclusion of rapid-fire intermediate and secondary weapons unnecessary. Future US designs would reduce the confusing array of guns sizes in predreadnought battleships and rely on one gun size for the main armament, the "all-big-gun" concept, along with many small guns of a uniform caliber to combat small vessels in close proximity. Title: Paint It Black Passage: The song plays during the end credits of the films Full Metal Jacket and The Devil's Advocate. In TV, it was used as the opening theme song to the series Tour of Duty and for the end credits to part five of The Vietnam War documentary series. It was featured in the Call of Duty: Black Ops III and The Mummy trailers. The Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball use the song as part of their ``Black Out ''promotions. An orchestral arrangement of the song has been used in multiple episodes of the TV series Westworld. R&B singer Ciara would later cover the song for the soundtrack of the 2015 film The Last Witch Hunter. Title: Field of Dreams Passage: Field of Dreams is a 1989 American fantasy - drama sports film directed by Phil Alden Robinson, who also wrote the screenplay, adapting W.P. Kinsella's novel Shoeless Joe. It stars Kevin Costner, Amy Madigan, James Earl Jones, Ray Liotta and Burt Lancaster in his final role. It was nominated for three Academy Awards, including for Best Original Score, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Picture. Title: Gone Baby Gone Passage: Casey Affleck -- Patrick Kenzie Michelle Monaghan -- Angie Gennaro Morgan Freeman -- Captain Jack Doyle Ed Harris -- Detective Sergeant Remy Bressant John Ashton -- Detective Nick Poole Amy Ryan -- Helene McCready Madeline O'Brien -- Amanda McCready Amy Madigan -- Beatrice ``Bea ''McCready Titus Welliver -- Lionel McCready Slaine -- Bubba Rogowski Edi Gathegi -- Cheese Mark Margolis -- Leon Trett Michael K. Williams -- Devin Jill Quigg -- Dottie Title: Westworld (TV series) Passage: Nolan and Joy serve as executive producers, along with J.J. Abrams, Jerry Weintraub, and Bryan Burk. The first season was broadcast between October 2 and December 4, 2016; it comprised ten episodes. In November 2016, HBO renewed the series for a ten - episode second season, which was broadcast from April 22 to June 24, 2018. Westworld's debut on HBO had the network's highest viewership ratings for a premiere since the first episode of True Detective in 2014. Moreover, the series ranks as the most - watched first season of any HBO original series. On May 1, 2018, Westworld was renewed for a third season. Title: Canon de 75 mle GP II Passage: The Canon de 75 mle GP II was a field gun used by Belgium during World War II. Cockerill mounted lengthened Canon de 75 mle TR barrels on ex-German 7.7 cm FK 16 gun carriages received as reparations after World War I. After 1940, the Wehrmacht designated captured guns as the 7.5 cm FK 234(b) and used them to equip occupation units in Belgium. Title: Pre-dreadnought battleship Passage: Pre-dreadnoughts carried guns of several different calibres, for different roles in ship-to-ship combat. The main armament was four heavy guns, mounted in two centre-line turrets fore and aft. Very few pre-dreadnoughts deviated from this arrangement. These guns were slow-firing, and initially of limited accuracy; but they were the only guns heavy enough to penetrate the thick armour which protected the engines, magazines, and main guns of enemy battleships.The most common calibre for the main armament was 12-inch (305 mm), although some ships used smaller guns because they could attain higher rates of fire; British battleships from the Majestic class onwards carried this calibre, as did French ships from the Charlemagne class (laid down in 1894). Japan, importing most of its guns from Britain, used 12-inch guns. The United States used both 12-inch (305 mm) and 13-inch (330 mm) guns for most of the 1890s until the Maine class (not to be confused with the earlier Maine of Spanish–American War notoriety), laid down in 1899, after which the 12-inch gun was universal. The Russians used both 12 and 10-inch (254 mm) as their main armament; the Petropavlovsk class, Retvizan, Tsesarevich, and Borodino class had 12-inch (305 mm) main batteries while the Peresvet class mounted 10-inch (254 mm) guns. The first German pre-dreadnought class used an 11-inch (279 mm) gun but decreased to a 9.4-inch (239 mm) gun for the two following classes and returned to 11-inch guns with the Braunschweig class.	[ "LeMat Revolver", "Riders of the Purple Sage (1996 film)" ]
2hop__549146_223121	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "All Funked Up is the \"highly elusive on vinyl\" third album released by British rock/R&B band Snafu, on the Capitol label in 1975. The band featured keyboardist Brian Chatton, once with the Warriors of Jon Anderson, Flaming Youth with Phil Collins, and finally Jackson Heights with ex-the Nice Lee Jackson.", "title": "All Funked Up" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Take It All Back ''is a song written and recorded by American folk band Judah & the Lion, released as a single from their second studio album Folk Hop N 'Roll. It was released by the band's label, Cletus the Van Records.", "title": "Take It All Back" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"For You\" is a song written and recorded by Bruce Springsteen in 1972 for his debut album \"Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.\", released in 1973. It was later included on the compilation album \"The Essential Bruce Springsteen\". The song has been covered by Manfred Mann's Earth Band, The Format, and Greg Kihn.", "title": "For You (Bruce Springsteen song)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Golgoth 13 were a French band, formed in 2000 in Bayonne (France) by Sébastien Lasserre (guitar) and Grégory Sentenac (organ). They were soon joined by Sylvain Aubert on scratches and sampling, and they records their first album \"Golgoth 13 et leur \"fantastic rodéo sound\"\" in August 2000. They were later joined by Hervé Zwingelstein as a fourth member, on bass guitar. Following the recording of the band's second album \"Bruce Lee died in Galway\" in 2004, Grégory Sentenac is replaced by Stéphane Paulini (organ), and later, Stéphane Garin (organ, percussion). They separate in 2007.", "title": "Golgoth 13" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Big Swing Face is the eighth album by American singer and pianist Bruce Hornsby. It was Hornsby's first studio album with his touring band, the Noisemakers, and his last album for RCA Records .", "title": "Big Swing Face" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fist of Fury II (, a.k.a. Chinese Connection 2 and Fist of Fury Part II), is a 1977 Hong Kong kung fu film directed by Iksan Lahardi and Tso-nam Lee, and starring Bruce Li and Lo Lieh. It is the sequel to Bruce Lee’s 1972's \"Fist of Fury\".", "title": "Fist of Fury II" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2000, the label moved from Brussels to London and was renamed [PIAS] Recordings. [PIAS] Recordings released the first two albums by Icelandic band Sigur Rós. The Scottish band Mogwai signed to PIAS in 2001.", "title": "PIAS Recordings" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bruce Lee, My Brother (, also known in the United Kingdom as Young Bruce Lee) is a 2010 Hong Kong biographical martial arts drama film directed by Raymond Yip, and also written, produced and directed by Manfred Wong, and also storied, produced and narrated by Bruce Lee's real life younger brother Robert Lee. Starring Aarif Lee as Lee, Tony Leung Ka-fai and Christy Chung as Lee's parents, the film is based on the life of Bruce Lee in his teenage years to part of his adult years.", "title": "Bruce Lee, My Brother" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "All the Years is a song that was recorded by the rock band Chicago, released on the 2008 album Stone of Sisyphus. It was written by Robert Lamm and studio session musician Bruce Gaitsch, the guitarist from the \"Night & Day Big Band\" album.", "title": "All the Years" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Bruce Lee Band (or B. Lee Band) is the name given to the releases of Mike Park and his backing band which has so far included Less Than Jake and the Rx Bandits.", "title": "The Bruce Lee Band" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hints Allegations and Things Left Unsaid is the debut studio album by the American rock band Collective Soul. It was originally released on an indie label in Atlanta called Rising Storm Records in 1993. The track \"Shine\" gained the band attention thanks to college radio. They later signed on with Atlantic Records and the album was released on CD in 1994 under the Atlantic label.", "title": "Hints Allegations and Things Left Unsaid" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Levitate is the tenth studio album by Bruce Hornsby. It was Hornsby's third studio album with his touring band, Bruce Hornsby and the Noisemakers, and was his first release with Verve Records.", "title": "Levitate (Bruce Hornsby album)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I Will Not Bow\" is the first single by American rock band Breaking Benjamin's 2009 album \"Dear Agony\". It was featured in the ending credits of the Bruce Willis film \"Surrogates\". The song was not written specifically for the film, but according to drummer Chad Szeliga, \"Ben sent a few songs to our record label, Hollywood Records,\" which is owned by Disney, who then decided they \"wanted a Breaking Benjamin song for this movie.\" The song was also being used heavily on MLB Network as lead-in and lead-out music during the 2010 MLB postseason.", "title": "I Will Not Bow" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Pink Cadillac ''Single by Bruce Springsteen A-side`` Dancing in the Dark'' Released May 3, 1984 (1984 - 05 - 03) Format 7 - inch single Recorded Genre Rock Length 3: 33 Label Columbia Songwriter (s) Bruce Springsteen Producer (s) Bruce Springsteen Jon Landau Chuck Plotkin Steven Van Zandt Bruce Springsteen singles chronology ``Fade Away ''(1981)`` Pink Cadillac'' (1984) ``Cover Me ''(1984)", "title": "Pink Cadillac (song)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Go Down Records is an independent record label based in Savignano sul Rubicone, Italy. It was founded by Leonardo Cola and Max Ear, also part of the Italian band OJM.", "title": "Go Down Records" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``I Write the Songs ''Single by David Cassidy from the album The Higher They Climb Released Format 7'' (45 rpm) Recorded Genre Pop Length 4: 07 Label RCA Records Songwriter (s) Bruce Johnston Producer (s) Bruce Johnston David Cassidy singles chronology`` Daydreamer ''(1973) ``I Write the Songs'' (1975)`` Darlin '''(1975)", "title": "I Write the Songs" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Philip Ng as Bruce Lee, founder of Jeet Kune Do. Xia Yu as Wong Jack Man, the Tai chi and Northern Shaolin Master who Bruce Lee fights. Jin Xing as Auntie Blossom, a gangster. Billy Magnussen as Steve McKee, Bruce Lee's student. Jingjing Qu as Xiulan, McKee's love interest. Simon Yin as Vinnie Wei Ron Yuan as Tony Yu", "title": "Birth of the Dragon" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Strange Little Girl\" by the Stranglers was released in the UK in 1982 as their last single while signed to Liberty Records (part of EMI). By the time of release, the band had already decided to leave the label for Epic Records, and this last single was part of the severance deal, along with the compilation album, \"The Collection 1977-1982\".", "title": "Strange Little Girl" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Asian Man Records is a DIY record label run by Mike Park in Monte Sereno, California. Park started a record label and began releasing music in 1989 under the name Dill Records, with the Asian Man label established May 1996.", "title": "Asian Man Records" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": ", also known as , are a Japanese rock band from Onomichi (formerly Innoshima), Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. The band got their name from the album \"Pornograffitti\" by the band Extreme. They currently record under the SME Records label, and their agency is Amuse, Inc..", "title": "Porno Graffitti" } ]	What record label did the person who is part of The Bruce Lee Band start?	Asian Man Records	[]	Title: Porno Graffitti Passage: , also known as , are a Japanese rock band from Onomichi (formerly Innoshima), Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. The band got their name from the album "Pornograffitti" by the band Extreme. They currently record under the SME Records label, and their agency is Amuse, Inc.. Title: PIAS Recordings Passage: In 2000, the label moved from Brussels to London and was renamed [PIAS] Recordings. [PIAS] Recordings released the first two albums by Icelandic band Sigur Rós. The Scottish band Mogwai signed to PIAS in 2001. Title: I Will Not Bow Passage: "I Will Not Bow" is the first single by American rock band Breaking Benjamin's 2009 album "Dear Agony". It was featured in the ending credits of the Bruce Willis film "Surrogates". The song was not written specifically for the film, but according to drummer Chad Szeliga, "Ben sent a few songs to our record label, Hollywood Records," which is owned by Disney, who then decided they "wanted a Breaking Benjamin song for this movie." The song was also being used heavily on MLB Network as lead-in and lead-out music during the 2010 MLB postseason. Title: All Funked Up Passage: All Funked Up is the "highly elusive on vinyl" third album released by British rock/R&B band Snafu, on the Capitol label in 1975. The band featured keyboardist Brian Chatton, once with the Warriors of Jon Anderson, Flaming Youth with Phil Collins, and finally Jackson Heights with ex-the Nice Lee Jackson. Title: Golgoth 13 Passage: Golgoth 13 were a French band, formed in 2000 in Bayonne (France) by Sébastien Lasserre (guitar) and Grégory Sentenac (organ). They were soon joined by Sylvain Aubert on scratches and sampling, and they records their first album "Golgoth 13 et leur "fantastic rodéo sound"" in August 2000. They were later joined by Hervé Zwingelstein as a fourth member, on bass guitar. Following the recording of the band's second album "Bruce Lee died in Galway" in 2004, Grégory Sentenac is replaced by Stéphane Paulini (organ), and later, Stéphane Garin (organ, percussion). They separate in 2007. Title: For You (Bruce Springsteen song) Passage: "For You" is a song written and recorded by Bruce Springsteen in 1972 for his debut album "Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.", released in 1973. It was later included on the compilation album "The Essential Bruce Springsteen". The song has been covered by Manfred Mann's Earth Band, The Format, and Greg Kihn. Title: Go Down Records Passage: Go Down Records is an independent record label based in Savignano sul Rubicone, Italy. It was founded by Leonardo Cola and Max Ear, also part of the Italian band OJM. Title: Big Swing Face Passage: Big Swing Face is the eighth album by American singer and pianist Bruce Hornsby. It was Hornsby's first studio album with his touring band, the Noisemakers, and his last album for RCA Records . Title: Pink Cadillac (song) Passage: ``Pink Cadillac ''Single by Bruce Springsteen A-side`` Dancing in the Dark'' Released May 3, 1984 (1984 - 05 - 03) Format 7 - inch single Recorded Genre Rock Length 3: 33 Label Columbia Songwriter (s) Bruce Springsteen Producer (s) Bruce Springsteen Jon Landau Chuck Plotkin Steven Van Zandt Bruce Springsteen singles chronology ``Fade Away ''(1981)`` Pink Cadillac'' (1984) ``Cover Me ''(1984) Title: Asian Man Records Passage: Asian Man Records is a DIY record label run by Mike Park in Monte Sereno, California. Park started a record label and began releasing music in 1989 under the name Dill Records, with the Asian Man label established May 1996. Title: I Write the Songs Passage: ``I Write the Songs ''Single by David Cassidy from the album The Higher They Climb Released Format 7'' (45 rpm) Recorded Genre Pop Length 4: 07 Label RCA Records Songwriter (s) Bruce Johnston Producer (s) Bruce Johnston David Cassidy singles chronology`` Daydreamer ''(1973) ``I Write the Songs'' (1975)`` Darlin '''(1975) Title: Hints Allegations and Things Left Unsaid Passage: Hints Allegations and Things Left Unsaid is the debut studio album by the American rock band Collective Soul. It was originally released on an indie label in Atlanta called Rising Storm Records in 1993. The track "Shine" gained the band attention thanks to college radio. They later signed on with Atlantic Records and the album was released on CD in 1994 under the Atlantic label. Title: The Bruce Lee Band Passage: The Bruce Lee Band (or B. Lee Band) is the name given to the releases of Mike Park and his backing band which has so far included Less Than Jake and the Rx Bandits. Title: Birth of the Dragon Passage: Philip Ng as Bruce Lee, founder of Jeet Kune Do. Xia Yu as Wong Jack Man, the Tai chi and Northern Shaolin Master who Bruce Lee fights. Jin Xing as Auntie Blossom, a gangster. Billy Magnussen as Steve McKee, Bruce Lee's student. Jingjing Qu as Xiulan, McKee's love interest. Simon Yin as Vinnie Wei Ron Yuan as Tony Yu Title: Strange Little Girl Passage: "Strange Little Girl" by the Stranglers was released in the UK in 1982 as their last single while signed to Liberty Records (part of EMI). By the time of release, the band had already decided to leave the label for Epic Records, and this last single was part of the severance deal, along with the compilation album, "The Collection 1977-1982". Title: Bruce Lee, My Brother Passage: Bruce Lee, My Brother (, also known in the United Kingdom as Young Bruce Lee) is a 2010 Hong Kong biographical martial arts drama film directed by Raymond Yip, and also written, produced and directed by Manfred Wong, and also storied, produced and narrated by Bruce Lee's real life younger brother Robert Lee. Starring Aarif Lee as Lee, Tony Leung Ka-fai and Christy Chung as Lee's parents, the film is based on the life of Bruce Lee in his teenage years to part of his adult years. Title: All the Years Passage: All the Years is a song that was recorded by the rock band Chicago, released on the 2008 album Stone of Sisyphus. It was written by Robert Lamm and studio session musician Bruce Gaitsch, the guitarist from the "Night & Day Big Band" album. Title: Fist of Fury II Passage: Fist of Fury II (, a.k.a. Chinese Connection 2 and Fist of Fury Part II), is a 1977 Hong Kong kung fu film directed by Iksan Lahardi and Tso-nam Lee, and starring Bruce Li and Lo Lieh. It is the sequel to Bruce Lee’s 1972's "Fist of Fury". Title: Levitate (Bruce Hornsby album) Passage: Levitate is the tenth studio album by Bruce Hornsby. It was Hornsby's third studio album with his touring band, Bruce Hornsby and the Noisemakers, and was his first release with Verve Records. Title: Take It All Back Passage: ``Take It All Back ''is a song written and recorded by American folk band Judah & the Lion, released as a single from their second studio album Folk Hop N 'Roll. It was released by the band's label, Cletus the Van Records.	[ "The Bruce Lee Band", "Asian Man Records" ]
2hop__850984_7292	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Opus de Jazz (subtitled A Hi-Fi Recording for Flute, Vibes, Piano, Bass, Drums) is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1955 and released on the Savoy label.", "title": "Opus de Jazz" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Main Attraction is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the Kudu label.", "title": "The Main Attraction (album)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label. The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn.", "title": "Jazz Contemporary" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Borat's Television Programme is a two-part compilation spin-off of \"Da Ali G Show\" by British television station Channel 4. The show features Borat Sagdiyev (, ) in the United States learning about the local culture and customs, much in the vein of the later movie \"Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan\". The two episodes contain Borat and Brüno segments from \"Ali G in da USA\", along with new and unseen interviews and shenanigans.", "title": "Borat's Television Programme" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Off the Beaten Path is the third studio album by saxophone player Dave Koz. It was released by Capitol Records on August 20, 1996. Koz himself provides vocals on \"That's the Way I Feel About You.\"", "title": "Off the Beaten Path" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Reese and the Smooth Ones is a 1969 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded in Paris for the French BYG Actuel label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell and Malachi Favors Maghostut.", "title": "Reese and the Smooth Ones" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seeds from the Underground is a studio album by Kenny Garrett. It was released on April 10, 2012, on Mack Avenue Records and received two Grammy nominations in Best Jazz Instrumental Album and Best Improvised Jazz Solo categories, as well as a NAACP Image Award nomination in Outstanding Jazz Album category, a Soul Train Award nomination in Best Traditional Jazz Artist/Group category, a Jazz Awards nomination for Alto Saxophonist of the Year and an Echo Award win in the Saxophonist of the Year category.", "title": "Seeds from the Underground" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "M.F. Horn Two is a 1972 big band jazz album by Canadian jazz trumpeter Maynard Ferguson. It features cover versions of many songs that were popular in the years leading up to its production, including: \"Theme from Shaft\" by Isaac Hayes, \"Country Road\" by James Taylor, \"Mother\" by John Lennon, \"Spinning Wheel\" by David Clayton-Thomas and \"Hey Jude\" by The Beatles. It also features a track called \"Free Wheeler\" written by another highly regarded jazz trumpeter and flugelhorn player, Kenny Wheeler.", "title": "M.F. Horn Two" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541.", "title": "Tijuana Jazz" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Multidirection is the second album by American jazz pianist Kenny Cox featuring performances recorded in 1969 and released on the Blue Note label. The album was reissued as bonus tracks with Cox's first Blue Note album \"Introducing Kenny Cox\".", "title": "Multidirection" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Jazz Skyline is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1956 and released on the Savoy label.", "title": "The Jazz Skyline" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label.", "title": "Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arturo Tappin is a smooth jazz and jazz/reggae saxophonist from Barbados. He has performed with Roberta Flack, Monty Alexander, and on an album by Luther Vandross.", "title": "Arturo Tappin" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barefoot on the Beach is a smooth jazz album by American singer-songwriter Michael Franks, released in 1999 by Windham Hill Records.", "title": "Barefoot on the Beach" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seattle is considered the home of grunge music, having produced artists such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Mudhoney, all of whom reached international audiences in the early 1990s. The city is also home to such varied artists as avant-garde jazz musicians Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz, hot jazz musician Glenn Crytzer, hip hop artists Sir Mix-a-Lot, Macklemore, Blue Scholars, and Shabazz Palaces, smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G, classic rock staples Heart and Queensrÿche, and alternative rock bands such as Foo Fighters, Harvey Danger, The Presidents of the United States of America, The Posies, Modest Mouse, Band of Horses, Death Cab for Cutie, and Fleet Foxes. Rock musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, Duff McKagan, and Nikki Sixx spent their formative years in Seattle.", "title": "Seattle" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WUOT (91.9 FM) is the National Public Radio member station in Knoxville, Tennessee. Owned by the University of Tennessee, it airs a mix of news, classical music and jazz, along with programming from NPR, American Public Media and Public Radio International. The station is also broadcast on HD radio. It primarily features classical music programming, but carries NPR news programs daily, as well as jazz music for ninety minutes every weeknight and all evening on Fridays and folk music Saturday evenings. Its studios are located in the Communications Building on the UT campus.", "title": "WUOT" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Newton \"Johnny\" Helms (February 10, 1935 – March 27, 2015) was an American jazz trumpet player, bandleader, and music educator from Columbia, South Carolina. He performed with Chris Potter, Tommy Newsom, Bill Watrous, Red Rodney, Woody Herman, Sam Most, and the Clark Terry Big Band among others. In 1989, he was featured along with Terry and Oscar Peterson as part of \"Clark Terry and Friends at Town Hall\" during the JVC Jazz Festival.", "title": "Johnny Helms" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances with Ernie Henry recorded in 1957 and released on the Riverside label. This was Henry's last recording session.", "title": "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Soul Train was an American music - dance television program which aired in syndication from October 2, 1971 to March 25, 2006. In its 35 - year history, the show primarily featured performances by R&B, soul, dance / pop and hip hop artists, although funk, jazz, disco and gospel artists also appeared. The series was created by Don Cornelius, who also served as its first host and executive producer.", "title": "Soul Train" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In its early years of existence, the smooth jazz format was considered to be a form of AC, although it was mainly instrumental, and related a stronger resemblance to the soft AC-styled music. For many years, artists like George Benson, Kenny G and Dave Koz had crossover hits that were played on both smooth jazz and soft AC stations.", "title": "Adult contemporary music" } ]	Along with Kenny G and the performer of Off the Beaten Path, what artist was featured on smooth jazz stations?	George Benson	[]	Title: The Jazz Skyline Passage: The Jazz Skyline is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1956 and released on the Savoy label. Title: Johnny Helms Passage: John Newton "Johnny" Helms (February 10, 1935 – March 27, 2015) was an American jazz trumpet player, bandleader, and music educator from Columbia, South Carolina. He performed with Chris Potter, Tommy Newsom, Bill Watrous, Red Rodney, Woody Herman, Sam Most, and the Clark Terry Big Band among others. In 1989, he was featured along with Terry and Oscar Peterson as part of "Clark Terry and Friends at Town Hall" during the JVC Jazz Festival. Title: Borat's Television Programme Passage: Borat's Television Programme is a two-part compilation spin-off of "Da Ali G Show" by British television station Channel 4. The show features Borat Sagdiyev (, ) in the United States learning about the local culture and customs, much in the vein of the later movie "Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan". The two episodes contain Borat and Brüno segments from "Ali G in da USA", along with new and unseen interviews and shenanigans. Title: Adult contemporary music Passage: In its early years of existence, the smooth jazz format was considered to be a form of AC, although it was mainly instrumental, and related a stronger resemblance to the soft AC-styled music. For many years, artists like George Benson, Kenny G and Dave Koz had crossover hits that were played on both smooth jazz and soft AC stations. Title: WUOT Passage: WUOT (91.9 FM) is the National Public Radio member station in Knoxville, Tennessee. Owned by the University of Tennessee, it airs a mix of news, classical music and jazz, along with programming from NPR, American Public Media and Public Radio International. The station is also broadcast on HD radio. It primarily features classical music programming, but carries NPR news programs daily, as well as jazz music for ninety minutes every weeknight and all evening on Fridays and folk music Saturday evenings. Its studios are located in the Communications Building on the UT campus. Title: Off the Beaten Path Passage: Off the Beaten Path is the third studio album by saxophone player Dave Koz. It was released by Capitol Records on August 20, 1996. Koz himself provides vocals on "That's the Way I Feel About You." Title: Multidirection Passage: Multidirection is the second album by American jazz pianist Kenny Cox featuring performances recorded in 1969 and released on the Blue Note label. The album was reissued as bonus tracks with Cox's first Blue Note album "Introducing Kenny Cox". Title: M.F. Horn Two Passage: M.F. Horn Two is a 1972 big band jazz album by Canadian jazz trumpeter Maynard Ferguson. It features cover versions of many songs that were popular in the years leading up to its production, including: "Theme from Shaft" by Isaac Hayes, "Country Road" by James Taylor, "Mother" by John Lennon, "Spinning Wheel" by David Clayton-Thomas and "Hey Jude" by The Beatles. It also features a track called "Free Wheeler" written by another highly regarded jazz trumpeter and flugelhorn player, Kenny Wheeler. Title: Reese and the Smooth Ones Passage: Reese and the Smooth Ones is a 1969 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded in Paris for the French BYG Actuel label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell and Malachi Favors Maghostut. Title: Opus de Jazz Passage: Opus de Jazz (subtitled A Hi-Fi Recording for Flute, Vibes, Piano, Bass, Drums) is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1955 and released on the Savoy label. Title: The Main Attraction (album) Passage: The Main Attraction is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the Kudu label. Title: Tijuana Jazz Passage: Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541. Title: Barefoot on the Beach Passage: Barefoot on the Beach is a smooth jazz album by American singer-songwriter Michael Franks, released in 1999 by Windham Hill Records. Title: 2 Horns / 2 Rhythm Passage: 2 Horns / 2 Rhythm is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances with Ernie Henry recorded in 1957 and released on the Riverside label. This was Henry's last recording session. Title: Seattle Passage: Seattle is considered the home of grunge music, having produced artists such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Mudhoney, all of whom reached international audiences in the early 1990s. The city is also home to such varied artists as avant-garde jazz musicians Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz, hot jazz musician Glenn Crytzer, hip hop artists Sir Mix-a-Lot, Macklemore, Blue Scholars, and Shabazz Palaces, smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G, classic rock staples Heart and Queensrÿche, and alternative rock bands such as Foo Fighters, Harvey Danger, The Presidents of the United States of America, The Posies, Modest Mouse, Band of Horses, Death Cab for Cutie, and Fleet Foxes. Rock musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, Duff McKagan, and Nikki Sixx spent their formative years in Seattle. Title: Jazz Contemporary Passage: Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label. The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn. Title: Seeds from the Underground Passage: Seeds from the Underground is a studio album by Kenny Garrett. It was released on April 10, 2012, on Mack Avenue Records and received two Grammy nominations in Best Jazz Instrumental Album and Best Improvised Jazz Solo categories, as well as a NAACP Image Award nomination in Outstanding Jazz Album category, a Soul Train Award nomination in Best Traditional Jazz Artist/Group category, a Jazz Awards nomination for Alto Saxophonist of the Year and an Echo Award win in the Saxophonist of the Year category. Title: Soul Train Passage: Soul Train was an American music - dance television program which aired in syndication from October 2, 1971 to March 25, 2006. In its 35 - year history, the show primarily featured performances by R&B, soul, dance / pop and hip hop artists, although funk, jazz, disco and gospel artists also appeared. The series was created by Don Cornelius, who also served as its first host and executive producer. Title: Arturo Tappin Passage: Arturo Tappin is a smooth jazz and jazz/reggae saxophonist from Barbados. He has performed with Roberta Flack, Monty Alexander, and on an album by Luther Vandross. Title: Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album) Passage: Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label.	[ "Off the Beaten Path", "Adult contemporary music" ]
2hop__593397_224832	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization, the oldest of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. A total of 30 teams play in the National League (NL) and American League (AL), with 15 teams in each league. The NL and AL operated as separate legal entities from 1876 and 1901 respectively. After cooperating but remaining legally separate entities since 1903, the leagues merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball in 2000. The organization also oversees Minor League Baseball, which comprises about 240 teams affiliated with the Major League clubs. With the World Baseball Softball Confederation, MLB manages the international World Baseball Classic tournament.", "title": "Major League Baseball" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hassan () is a Yemeni football team currently playing in the Yemeni League, where they finished in 2nd place in the 2007 competition. It is based in Abyan. Their home stadium is Al-Shohada'a Stadium.", "title": "Hassan Abyan" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Houston Astros 2017 Houston Astros season Established in 1962 Team logo Cap insignia Major league affiliations American League (2013 -- present) West Division (2013 -- present) National League (1962 -- 2012) Central Division (1994 -- 2012) West Division (1969 -- 1993) Current uniform Retired numbers 5 7 24 25 32 33 34 40 49 42 Colors Navy blue, orange, white Name Houston Astros (1965 -- present) Houston Colt. 45s (1962 -- 1964) Other nicknames' Stros Ballpark Minute Maid Park (2000 -- present) Astrodome (1965 -- 1999) Colt Stadium (1962 -- 1964) Major league titles World Series titles (1) 2017 AL Pennants (1) 2017 NL Pennants (1) 2005 AL West Division titles (1) 2017 NL West / Central Division titles (6) 1980 1986 1997 1998 1999 2001 Wild card berths (3) 2005 2015 The Astros also qualified for the postseason in the strike - split 1981 season, losing to the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NLDS. Front office Owner (s) Jim Crane Manager A.J. Hinch General Manager Jeff Luhnow President of Baseball Operations Reid Ryan", "title": "Houston Astros" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2014-15 Oman Professional League (known as the \"Omantel Professional League\" for sponsorship reasons) was the 39th edition of the top football league in Oman. The season began on 11 September 2014, and concluded on 28 May 2015. Al-Nahda Club were the defending champions, having won their third title in the previous 2013–14 season. On Saturday, 9 May 2015, Al-Oruba SC were crowned the champions of the 2014–15 Oman Professional League with three games to spare after Sur SC was held to a 2-2 draw by Al-Suwaiq Club at the Al-Seeb Stadium. Al-Oruba who had beaten Sohar SC, 1-0 on Friday took their tally to 48 points from 23 matches, gaining an unassailable lead of eight points ahead of second-placed Sur. Sur, which needed to win on Saturday to keep their title hopes alive, and settled for one point to take its tally to 40 points, helping the fierce rivals from Sur city to win their 4th domestic title.", "title": "2014–15 Oman Professional League" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 30 June Stadium is a stadium used mostly for football matches and also sometimes for athletics located in Cairo. It was built by the Egyptian Air Defense Forces. The stadium is the main venue of the Air Defense Sport Village. The stadium has a capacity of 30,000 and it is one of the venues of the Egyptian Premier League. It is the home ground of the Egyptian Premier League side Pyramids F.C.", "title": "30 June Stadium" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Detroit Tigers 2017 Detroit Tigers season Established in 1901 Team logo Cap insignia Major league affiliations American League (1901 -- present) Central Division (1998 -- present) East Division (1969 -- 1997) Current uniform Retired numbers TC 5 6 11 16 23 42 Colors Midnight navy blue, orange, white Name Detroit Tigers (1901 -- present) Other nicknames The Tigs, Motor City Bengals, Bless You Boys Ballpark Comerica Park (2000 -- present) Tiger Stadium (1912 -- 1999) a.k.a. Briggs Stadium (1938 -- 1960) a.k.a. Navin Field (1912 -- 1937) Burns Park (1901 -- 1902) Sundays only Bennett Park (1901 -- 1911) Major league titles World Series titles (4) 1935 1945 1968 1984 AL Pennants (11) 1907 1908 1909 1934 1935 1940 1945 1968 1984 2006 2012 Division titles (7) East: 1972 1984 Central: 2011 2012 2013 2014 Wild card berths (1) 2006 Front office Owner (s) Christopher Ilitch; Ilitch family trust Manager Ron Gardenhire General Manager Al Avila President of Baseball Operations Al Avila", "title": "Detroit Tigers" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bassel al-Assad Stadium () is a multi-use stadium located in the Baba Amr district in the city of Homs, Syria. It was opened in 2000, and is mostly used for football matches and serves as a second venue for the football clubs of al-Karamah SC and al-Wathba SC. Located in the Baba Amr district of the city, the stadium is able to hold up to 25,000 spectators. It was renovated in 2010.", "title": "Bassel al-Assad Stadium (Homs)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2004 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2004 season. The 100th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox and the National League (NL) champion St. Louis Cardinals; the Red Sox swept the Cardinals in four games. The series was played from October 23 to 27, 2004, at Fenway Park and Busch Memorial Stadium, broadcast on Fox, and watched by an average of just under 25.5 million viewers. The Red Sox's World Series championship was their first since 1918.", "title": "2004 World Series" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Al Karkh Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Baghdad, Iraq. It is used mostly for football matches and serves as the home stadium of Al-Karkh. The stadium holds 5,150 people.", "title": "Al Karkh Stadium" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Los Angeles Angels 2017 Los Angeles Angels season Established in 1961 Based in Anaheim since 1966 Team logo Cap insignia Major league affiliations American League (1961 -- present) West Division (1969 -- present) Current uniform Retired numbers 11 26 29 30 50 42 Colors Red, Navy Blue, Silver Name Los Angeles Angels (2016 -- present) Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (2005 -- 2015) Anaheim Angels (1997 -- 2004) California Angels (1965 -- 1996) Los Angeles Angels (1961 -- 1965) Other nicknames The Halos Ballpark Angel Stadium (1966 -- present) Dodger Stadium (1962 -- 1965) Wrigley Field (Los Angeles) (1961) Major league titles World Series titles (1) 2002 AL Pennants (1) 2002 West Division titles (9) 1979 1982 1986 2005 2007 2008 2009 2014 Wild card berths (1) 2002 Front office Owner (s) Arte Moreno Manager Mike Scioscia General Manager Billy Eppler President of Baseball Operations John Carpino", "title": "Los Angeles Angels" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Al Kharaitiyat SC () is a Qatari sports club based in the town of Al Kharaitiyat, best known for its football team of the Qatar Stars League. Home games are played at Al-Khawr Stadium in the northern city of Al Khor. They are a relatively new club, having been formed in 1996. They won the Qatari Second Division in 2004 meaning that they would play in the QSL the following season. However, they were relegated on their very first season in the top flight. They once again regained their position in the Qatar Stars League in the 2008–09 season and have remained there ever since.", "title": "Al Kharaitiyat SC" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rajeb started his career with Al-Ahly Shendi in Sudan and joined in the spring of 2007 to Qatar Stars League club Al-Wakrah. In December 2011 left Al-Wakrah and joined to Qatar Stars League rival Lekhwiya SC.", "title": "Mohammed Muddather" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prince Abdul Aziz bin Musa'ed Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Ha'il, Saudi Arabia. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Al-Ta'ee. The stadium has a capacity of 12,250 people.", "title": "Prince Abdul Aziz bin Musa'ed Stadium" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The San Diego Spirit was a professional soccer team that played in the Women's United Soccer Association. The team played at Torero Stadium on the campus of the University of San Diego in San Diego, California. The team began play in 2001. The league announced on September 15, 2003 it was suspending operations.", "title": "San Diego Spirit" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City, the other being the New York Mets of the National League. In the 1901 season, the club began play in the AL as the Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles). Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise (which had ceased operations) and moved it to New York City, renaming the club the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed the Yankees in 1913.", "title": "New York Yankees" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wilderspool Stadium was a rugby league stadium in Warrington, England. The ground was Warrington RLFC's old ground before moving to the Halliwell Jones Stadium.", "title": "Wilderspool Stadium" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Saoud bin Abdul Rahman Al-Thani Stadium (), also known as Al-Wakrah SC Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Al Wakrah, Qatar. It is currently used mostly for football matches. It is the home venue of Al-Wakrah Sports Club. The stadium has a capacity of 12,000 seats.", "title": "Saoud bin Abdulrahman Stadium" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Four Winds Field at Coveleski Stadium is a baseball stadium in South Bend, Indiana, home to the South Bend Cubs, a minor league baseball team which plays in the Class-A Midwest League. The stadium opened in 1987, and its open concourse is considered the template for many later minor league ball parks built in the 1990s. It has a capacity of 5,000 spectators.", "title": "Four Winds Field at Coveleski Stadium" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Huntington Stadium (formerly Ryedale Stadium) is the former stadium of English rugby league teams York Wasps, and York City Knights.", "title": "Huntington Stadium" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pohang Baseball Stadium is a baseball stadium in Pohang, South Korea. The stadium is currently being used as a second home of the KBO League team Samsung Lions.", "title": "Pohang Baseball Stadium" } ]	What league includes the operating group of Al Janoub Stadium?	Qatar Stars League	[]	Title: Al Karkh Stadium Passage: Al Karkh Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Baghdad, Iraq. It is used mostly for football matches and serves as the home stadium of Al-Karkh. The stadium holds 5,150 people. Title: Four Winds Field at Coveleski Stadium Passage: Four Winds Field at Coveleski Stadium is a baseball stadium in South Bend, Indiana, home to the South Bend Cubs, a minor league baseball team which plays in the Class-A Midwest League. The stadium opened in 1987, and its open concourse is considered the template for many later minor league ball parks built in the 1990s. It has a capacity of 5,000 spectators. Title: Bassel al-Assad Stadium (Homs) Passage: Bassel al-Assad Stadium () is a multi-use stadium located in the Baba Amr district in the city of Homs, Syria. It was opened in 2000, and is mostly used for football matches and serves as a second venue for the football clubs of al-Karamah SC and al-Wathba SC. Located in the Baba Amr district of the city, the stadium is able to hold up to 25,000 spectators. It was renovated in 2010. Title: 2014–15 Oman Professional League Passage: The 2014-15 Oman Professional League (known as the "Omantel Professional League" for sponsorship reasons) was the 39th edition of the top football league in Oman. The season began on 11 September 2014, and concluded on 28 May 2015. Al-Nahda Club were the defending champions, having won their third title in the previous 2013–14 season. On Saturday, 9 May 2015, Al-Oruba SC were crowned the champions of the 2014–15 Oman Professional League with three games to spare after Sur SC was held to a 2-2 draw by Al-Suwaiq Club at the Al-Seeb Stadium. Al-Oruba who had beaten Sohar SC, 1-0 on Friday took their tally to 48 points from 23 matches, gaining an unassailable lead of eight points ahead of second-placed Sur. Sur, which needed to win on Saturday to keep their title hopes alive, and settled for one point to take its tally to 40 points, helping the fierce rivals from Sur city to win their 4th domestic title. Title: Huntington Stadium Passage: Huntington Stadium (formerly Ryedale Stadium) is the former stadium of English rugby league teams York Wasps, and York City Knights. Title: Houston Astros Passage: Houston Astros 2017 Houston Astros season Established in 1962 Team logo Cap insignia Major league affiliations American League (2013 -- present) West Division (2013 -- present) National League (1962 -- 2012) Central Division (1994 -- 2012) West Division (1969 -- 1993) Current uniform Retired numbers 5 7 24 25 32 33 34 40 49 42 Colors Navy blue, orange, white Name Houston Astros (1965 -- present) Houston Colt. 45s (1962 -- 1964) Other nicknames' Stros Ballpark Minute Maid Park (2000 -- present) Astrodome (1965 -- 1999) Colt Stadium (1962 -- 1964) Major league titles World Series titles (1) 2017 AL Pennants (1) 2017 NL Pennants (1) 2005 AL West Division titles (1) 2017 NL West / Central Division titles (6) 1980 1986 1997 1998 1999 2001 Wild card berths (3) 2005 2015 The Astros also qualified for the postseason in the strike - split 1981 season, losing to the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NLDS. Front office Owner (s) Jim Crane Manager A.J. Hinch General Manager Jeff Luhnow President of Baseball Operations Reid Ryan Title: Hassan Abyan Passage: Hassan () is a Yemeni football team currently playing in the Yemeni League, where they finished in 2nd place in the 2007 competition. It is based in Abyan. Their home stadium is Al-Shohada'a Stadium. Title: 2004 World Series Passage: The 2004 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2004 season. The 100th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox and the National League (NL) champion St. Louis Cardinals; the Red Sox swept the Cardinals in four games. The series was played from October 23 to 27, 2004, at Fenway Park and Busch Memorial Stadium, broadcast on Fox, and watched by an average of just under 25.5 million viewers. The Red Sox's World Series championship was their first since 1918. Title: Saoud bin Abdulrahman Stadium Passage: The Saoud bin Abdul Rahman Al-Thani Stadium (), also known as Al-Wakrah SC Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Al Wakrah, Qatar. It is currently used mostly for football matches. It is the home venue of Al-Wakrah Sports Club. The stadium has a capacity of 12,000 seats. Title: Detroit Tigers Passage: Detroit Tigers 2017 Detroit Tigers season Established in 1901 Team logo Cap insignia Major league affiliations American League (1901 -- present) Central Division (1998 -- present) East Division (1969 -- 1997) Current uniform Retired numbers TC 5 6 11 16 23 42 Colors Midnight navy blue, orange, white Name Detroit Tigers (1901 -- present) Other nicknames The Tigs, Motor City Bengals, Bless You Boys Ballpark Comerica Park (2000 -- present) Tiger Stadium (1912 -- 1999) a.k.a. Briggs Stadium (1938 -- 1960) a.k.a. Navin Field (1912 -- 1937) Burns Park (1901 -- 1902) Sundays only Bennett Park (1901 -- 1911) Major league titles World Series titles (4) 1935 1945 1968 1984 AL Pennants (11) 1907 1908 1909 1934 1935 1940 1945 1968 1984 2006 2012 Division titles (7) East: 1972 1984 Central: 2011 2012 2013 2014 Wild card berths (1) 2006 Front office Owner (s) Christopher Ilitch; Ilitch family trust Manager Ron Gardenhire General Manager Al Avila President of Baseball Operations Al Avila Title: Pohang Baseball Stadium Passage: Pohang Baseball Stadium is a baseball stadium in Pohang, South Korea. The stadium is currently being used as a second home of the KBO League team Samsung Lions. Title: Los Angeles Angels Passage: Los Angeles Angels 2017 Los Angeles Angels season Established in 1961 Based in Anaheim since 1966 Team logo Cap insignia Major league affiliations American League (1961 -- present) West Division (1969 -- present) Current uniform Retired numbers 11 26 29 30 50 42 Colors Red, Navy Blue, Silver Name Los Angeles Angels (2016 -- present) Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (2005 -- 2015) Anaheim Angels (1997 -- 2004) California Angels (1965 -- 1996) Los Angeles Angels (1961 -- 1965) Other nicknames The Halos Ballpark Angel Stadium (1966 -- present) Dodger Stadium (1962 -- 1965) Wrigley Field (Los Angeles) (1961) Major league titles World Series titles (1) 2002 AL Pennants (1) 2002 West Division titles (9) 1979 1982 1986 2005 2007 2008 2009 2014 Wild card berths (1) 2002 Front office Owner (s) Arte Moreno Manager Mike Scioscia General Manager Billy Eppler President of Baseball Operations John Carpino Title: Prince Abdul Aziz bin Musa'ed Stadium Passage: Prince Abdul Aziz bin Musa'ed Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Ha'il, Saudi Arabia. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Al-Ta'ee. The stadium has a capacity of 12,250 people. Title: 30 June Stadium Passage: The 30 June Stadium is a stadium used mostly for football matches and also sometimes for athletics located in Cairo. It was built by the Egyptian Air Defense Forces. The stadium is the main venue of the Air Defense Sport Village. The stadium has a capacity of 30,000 and it is one of the venues of the Egyptian Premier League. It is the home ground of the Egyptian Premier League side Pyramids F.C. Title: Mohammed Muddather Passage: Rajeb started his career with Al-Ahly Shendi in Sudan and joined in the spring of 2007 to Qatar Stars League club Al-Wakrah. In December 2011 left Al-Wakrah and joined to Qatar Stars League rival Lekhwiya SC. Title: Al Kharaitiyat SC Passage: Al Kharaitiyat SC () is a Qatari sports club based in the town of Al Kharaitiyat, best known for its football team of the Qatar Stars League. Home games are played at Al-Khawr Stadium in the northern city of Al Khor. They are a relatively new club, having been formed in 1996. They won the Qatari Second Division in 2004 meaning that they would play in the QSL the following season. However, they were relegated on their very first season in the top flight. They once again regained their position in the Qatar Stars League in the 2008–09 season and have remained there ever since. Title: Major League Baseball Passage: Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization, the oldest of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. A total of 30 teams play in the National League (NL) and American League (AL), with 15 teams in each league. The NL and AL operated as separate legal entities from 1876 and 1901 respectively. After cooperating but remaining legally separate entities since 1903, the leagues merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball in 2000. The organization also oversees Minor League Baseball, which comprises about 240 teams affiliated with the Major League clubs. With the World Baseball Softball Confederation, MLB manages the international World Baseball Classic tournament. Title: Wilderspool Stadium Passage: Wilderspool Stadium was a rugby league stadium in Warrington, England. The ground was Warrington RLFC's old ground before moving to the Halliwell Jones Stadium. Title: San Diego Spirit Passage: The San Diego Spirit was a professional soccer team that played in the Women's United Soccer Association. The team played at Torero Stadium on the campus of the University of San Diego in San Diego, California. The team began play in 2001. The league announced on September 15, 2003 it was suspending operations. Title: New York Yankees Passage: The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City, the other being the New York Mets of the National League. In the 1901 season, the club began play in the AL as the Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles). Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise (which had ceased operations) and moved it to New York City, renaming the club the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed the Yankees in 1913.	[ "Mohammed Muddather", "Saoud bin Abdulrahman Stadium" ]
2hop__50432_56873	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1951 FA Cup Final was contested by Newcastle United and Blackpool at Wembley on 28 April 1951. Newcastle won 2–0, with both goals scored by Jackie Milburn.", "title": "1951 FA Cup Final" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1914 FA Cup Final was a football match between Burnley and Liverpool on 25 April 1914 at Crystal Palace, London. It was the final match of the 1913–14 FA Cup, the 43rd season of the country's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, better known as the FA Cup. Both teams were appearing in their first final.", "title": "1914 FA Cup Final" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raymond Snowball (born 10 March 1932) is an English former amateur footballer who played as a goalkeeper in the Football League for Darlington. He is better known for his achievements while playing for Crook Town, with whom he won three FA Amateur Cups, in 1959, 1962 and 1964.", "title": "Ray Snowball" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1936 FA Cup Final was a football match between Arsenal and Sheffield United on 25 April 1936 at Wembley. The showpiece match of English football's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (better known as the FA Cup), it was the 61st Cup final, and the fourteenth at the national stadium.", "title": "1936 FA Cup Final" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Football was introduced to India by British soldiers in the mid-nineteenth century. It spread because of the efforts of Nagendra Prasad Sarbadhikari. In 1888 the Durand Cup was founded by then India's Foreign Secretary, Mortimer Durand at Simla, India. The Durand Cup is the third oldest football competition behind the FA Cup and the Scottish Cup. It was initiated, as a recreation for British troops stationed in India. Royal Scots Fusiliers won the first edition of the cup by beating Highland Light Infantry 2 -- 1 in the Final. In 1893 the IFA Shield was founded as the fourth oldest trophy in the world. Calcutta, then capital of British India, soon became the hub of Indian football. Sarada FC was the oldest Indian football club.", "title": "History of Indian football" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Late in the second half, Kevin Moran of Manchester United was sent off for a professional foul on Peter Reid, who was clean through on goal. He became the first player to be dismissed in an FA Cup Final. Television cameras revealed that he had gone for the ball, and not for Peter Reid in the offending tackle. He was later presented with the winner's medal that had at first been withheld. Had Everton won the match they would have completed an unprecedented Treble of League, FA Cup and European Cup Winners' Cup.", "title": "1985 FA Cup Final" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "1959 FA Cup Final Event 1958 -- 59 FA Cup Nottingham Forest Luton Town Date 2 May 1959 Venue Wembley Stadium, London Referee Jack Clough (Bolton) Attendance 100,000 ← 1958 1960 →", "title": "1959 FA Cup Final" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1931 FA Cup Final was a football match between West Bromwich Albion and Birmingham, played on 25 April 1931 at the original Wembley Stadium in London. The showpiece event was the final match of the 1930–31 staging of English football's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (better known as the FA Cup). The match was the 56th FA Cup Final, the ninth to be played at Wembley.", "title": "1931 FA Cup Final" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liverpool Football Club is a professional football club in Liverpool, England, that competes in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. The club has won 5 European Cups, more than any other English club, 3 UEFA Cups, 3 UEFA Super Cups, 18 League titles, 7 FA Cups, 8 League Cups, and 15 FA Community Shields.", "title": "Liverpool F.C." }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Forest were founder members of the Football Alliance in 1889 before joining the Football League in 1892. They have since mostly competed in the top two League tiers except five seasons in the third tier. Forest won the FA Cup in 1898 and 1959. Their most successful period was in the management reign of Brian Clough and Peter Taylor between 1976 and 1982. With Forest they won the 1977 -- 78 Football League title followed by the 1979 and 1980 European Cups. They also won two Football League Cups at Forest together. After Taylor left Clough won two more League Cups and two Full Members Cups.", "title": "Nottingham Forest F.C." }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Name Nat Tenure Honours Ted Drake England 1952 -- 1961 1955 First Division 1955 FA Charity Shield Tommy Docherty Scotland 1961 -- 1967 1965 Football League Cup Dave Sexton England 1967 -- 1974 1970 FA Cup 1971 European Cup Winners' Cup John Neal England 1981 -- 1985 1984 Second Division John Hollins England 1985 -- 1988 1986 Full Members Cup Bobby Campbell England 1988 -- 1991 1989 Second Division 1990 Full Members Cup Ruud Gullit Netherlands 1996 -- 1998 1997 FA Cup Gianluca Vialli Italy 1998 -- 2000 1998 Football League Cup 1998 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1998 UEFA Super Cup 2000 FA Cup 2000 FA Charity Shield José Mourinho Portugal 2004 -- 2007 2013 -- 2015 2005 Football League Cup 2005 Premier League 2005 FA Community Shield 2006 Premier League 2007 Football League Cup 2007 FA Cup 2015 Football League Cup 2015 Premier League Guus Hiddink Netherlands 2009 2015 -- 2016 2009 FA Cup Carlo Ancelotti Italy 2009 -- 2011 2009 FA Community Shield 2010 Premier League 2010 FA Cup Roberto Di Matteo Italy 2012 2012 FA Cup 2012 UEFA Champions League Rafael Benítez Spain 2012 -- 2013 2013 UEFA Europa League Antonio Conte Italy 2016 -- 2018 2017 Premier League 2018 FA Cup", "title": "List of Chelsea F.C. managers" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2016 / 17 season was one of Arsenal's most testing for competitions in Europe, having taken a race with Liverpool and Manchester City to the final day of the season. Despite winning 3 - 1 against Everton, results elsewhere meant they only finished fifth, missing out on a Champions League spot for the first time in two decades. However Arsenal won the FA Cup Final 2 - 1 against Chelsea. This was their third win in four seasons and made them the most successful club in the history of the competition.", "title": "History of Arsenal F.C. (1966–present)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The FA Cup winners qualify for the following season's UEFA Europa League (formerly named the UEFA Cup; until 1998 they entered the Cup Winners' Cup instead). This European place applies even if the team is relegated or is not in the English top flight. In the past, if the FA Cup winning team also qualified for the following season's Champions League or Europa League through their league position, then the losing FA Cup finalist was given the Europa League place instead. FA Cup winners enter the Europa League at the group stage. Losing finalists, if they entered the Europa League, began earlier, at the play-off or third qualifying round stage. From the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League season, however, UEFA will not allow the runners-up to qualify for the Europa League through the competition.", "title": "FA Cup" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For many years Arsenal's away colours were white shirts and either black or white shorts. In the 1969–70 season, Arsenal introduced an away kit of yellow shirts with blue shorts. This kit was worn in the 1971 FA Cup Final as Arsenal beat Liverpool to secure the double for the first time in their history. Arsenal reached the FA Cup final again the following year wearing the red and white home strip and were beaten by Leeds United. Arsenal then competed in three consecutive FA Cup finals between 1978 and 1980 wearing their \"lucky\" yellow and blue strip, which remained the club's away strip until the release of a green and navy away kit in 1982–83. The following season, Arsenal returned to the yellow and blue scheme, albeit with a darker shade of blue than before.", "title": "Arsenal F.C." }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Date Venue Home team Score Competition Round Attendance 5 November 1887 Wellington Road Aston Villa 4 -- 0 FA Cup 2nd Round 23 March 1901 Muntz Street Small Heath 0 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final 27 March 1901 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final replay 23 May 1963 St Andrew's Birmingham City 3 -- 1 League Cup Final 1st leg 31,850 27 May 1963 Villa Park Aston Villa 0 -- 0 League Cup Final 2nd leg 37,921 27 September 1988 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 2 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 12 October 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 5 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 9 November 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 6 -- 0 Full Members Cup 1st Round 8,324 21 September 1993 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 1 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 27,815 6 October 1993 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 35,856 1 December 2010 St Andrew's Birmingham City 2 -- 1 League Cup Quarter Final 27,679 22 September 2015 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 3rd Round 34,442", "title": "Second City derby" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1923 FA Cup Final was an association football match between Bolton Wanderers and West Ham United on 28 April 1923 at the original Wembley Stadium in London. The showpiece match of English football's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (better known as the FA Cup), it was the first football match to be played at Wembley Stadium. King George V was in attendance to present the trophy to the winning team.", "title": "1923 FA Cup Final" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liverpool's first trophy was the Lancashire League, which it won in the club's first season. In 1901, the club won its first League title, while its first success in the FA Cup was in 1965. In terms of the number of trophies won, Liverpool's most successful decade was the 1980s, when the club won six League titles, two FA Cups, four League Cups, five Charity Shields (one shared) and two European Cups.", "title": "Liverpool F.C." }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Games played 43 (38 Premier League) (2 FA Cup) (3 League Cup) Games won 25 (23 Premier League) (0 FA Cup) (2 League Cup) Games drawn 12 (12 Premier League) (1 FA Cup) (1 League Cup) Games lost 4 (3 Premier League) (1 FA Cup) Goals scored 76 (67 Premier League) (2 FA Cup) (7 League Cup) Goals conceded 42 (35 Premier League) (4 FA Cup) (3 League Cup) Goal difference + 34 (+ 32 Premier League) (- 2 FA Cup) (+ 4 League Cup) Clean sheets 14 (14 Premier League) Most appearances 42 Appearances (Marc Albrighton) Top scorer 24 Goals (Jamie Vardy) Winning Percentage Overall: 21 / 36 (58.33%)", "title": "2015–16 Leicester City F.C. season" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Formed in 1878, Everton were founding members of The Football League in 1888 and won their first league championship two seasons later. Following four league titles and two FA Cup wins, Everton experienced a lull in the immediate post World War Two period until a revival in the 1960s which saw the club win two league championships and an FA Cup. The mid-1980s represented their most recent period of sustained success, with two League Championship successes, an FA Cup, and the 1985 European Cup Winners' Cup. The club's most recent major trophy was the 1995 FA Cup. The club's supporters are known as Evertonians.", "title": "Everton F.C." }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1872 FA Cup Final was a football match between Wanderers and Royal Engineers on 16 March 1872 at Kennington Oval in London. It was the final of the first staging of the Football Association Challenge Cup (known in the modern era as the FA Cup), which became the primary cup competition in English football and the oldest football competition in the world. Fifteen teams entered the competition in its first season and, due to the rules in place at the time, Wanderers reached the final having won only one match in the four preceding rounds. In the semi-finals, they drew with the Scottish club Queen's Park, but reached the final when the Scots withdrew from the competition as they could not afford to return to London for a replay.", "title": "1872 FA Cup Final" } ]	When did the team that won the 1959 fa cup final beating luton town 2-1 win the fa cup?	1898 and 1959	[]	Title: 1931 FA Cup Final Passage: The 1931 FA Cup Final was a football match between West Bromwich Albion and Birmingham, played on 25 April 1931 at the original Wembley Stadium in London. The showpiece event was the final match of the 1930–31 staging of English football's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (better known as the FA Cup). The match was the 56th FA Cup Final, the ninth to be played at Wembley. Title: History of Arsenal F.C. (1966–present) Passage: The 2016 / 17 season was one of Arsenal's most testing for competitions in Europe, having taken a race with Liverpool and Manchester City to the final day of the season. Despite winning 3 - 1 against Everton, results elsewhere meant they only finished fifth, missing out on a Champions League spot for the first time in two decades. However Arsenal won the FA Cup Final 2 - 1 against Chelsea. This was their third win in four seasons and made them the most successful club in the history of the competition. Title: Liverpool F.C. Passage: Liverpool's first trophy was the Lancashire League, which it won in the club's first season. In 1901, the club won its first League title, while its first success in the FA Cup was in 1965. In terms of the number of trophies won, Liverpool's most successful decade was the 1980s, when the club won six League titles, two FA Cups, four League Cups, five Charity Shields (one shared) and two European Cups. Title: FA Cup Passage: The FA Cup winners qualify for the following season's UEFA Europa League (formerly named the UEFA Cup; until 1998 they entered the Cup Winners' Cup instead). This European place applies even if the team is relegated or is not in the English top flight. In the past, if the FA Cup winning team also qualified for the following season's Champions League or Europa League through their league position, then the losing FA Cup finalist was given the Europa League place instead. FA Cup winners enter the Europa League at the group stage. Losing finalists, if they entered the Europa League, began earlier, at the play-off or third qualifying round stage. From the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League season, however, UEFA will not allow the runners-up to qualify for the Europa League through the competition. Title: Second City derby Passage: Date Venue Home team Score Competition Round Attendance 5 November 1887 Wellington Road Aston Villa 4 -- 0 FA Cup 2nd Round 23 March 1901 Muntz Street Small Heath 0 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final 27 March 1901 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final replay 23 May 1963 St Andrew's Birmingham City 3 -- 1 League Cup Final 1st leg 31,850 27 May 1963 Villa Park Aston Villa 0 -- 0 League Cup Final 2nd leg 37,921 27 September 1988 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 2 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 12 October 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 5 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 9 November 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 6 -- 0 Full Members Cup 1st Round 8,324 21 September 1993 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 1 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 27,815 6 October 1993 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 35,856 1 December 2010 St Andrew's Birmingham City 2 -- 1 League Cup Quarter Final 27,679 22 September 2015 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 3rd Round 34,442 Title: 1985 FA Cup Final Passage: Late in the second half, Kevin Moran of Manchester United was sent off for a professional foul on Peter Reid, who was clean through on goal. He became the first player to be dismissed in an FA Cup Final. Television cameras revealed that he had gone for the ball, and not for Peter Reid in the offending tackle. He was later presented with the winner's medal that had at first been withheld. Had Everton won the match they would have completed an unprecedented Treble of League, FA Cup and European Cup Winners' Cup. Title: History of Indian football Passage: Football was introduced to India by British soldiers in the mid-nineteenth century. It spread because of the efforts of Nagendra Prasad Sarbadhikari. In 1888 the Durand Cup was founded by then India's Foreign Secretary, Mortimer Durand at Simla, India. The Durand Cup is the third oldest football competition behind the FA Cup and the Scottish Cup. It was initiated, as a recreation for British troops stationed in India. Royal Scots Fusiliers won the first edition of the cup by beating Highland Light Infantry 2 -- 1 in the Final. In 1893 the IFA Shield was founded as the fourth oldest trophy in the world. Calcutta, then capital of British India, soon became the hub of Indian football. Sarada FC was the oldest Indian football club. Title: 1872 FA Cup Final Passage: The 1872 FA Cup Final was a football match between Wanderers and Royal Engineers on 16 March 1872 at Kennington Oval in London. It was the final of the first staging of the Football Association Challenge Cup (known in the modern era as the FA Cup), which became the primary cup competition in English football and the oldest football competition in the world. Fifteen teams entered the competition in its first season and, due to the rules in place at the time, Wanderers reached the final having won only one match in the four preceding rounds. In the semi-finals, they drew with the Scottish club Queen's Park, but reached the final when the Scots withdrew from the competition as they could not afford to return to London for a replay. Title: Everton F.C. Passage: Formed in 1878, Everton were founding members of The Football League in 1888 and won their first league championship two seasons later. Following four league titles and two FA Cup wins, Everton experienced a lull in the immediate post World War Two period until a revival in the 1960s which saw the club win two league championships and an FA Cup. The mid-1980s represented their most recent period of sustained success, with two League Championship successes, an FA Cup, and the 1985 European Cup Winners' Cup. The club's most recent major trophy was the 1995 FA Cup. The club's supporters are known as Evertonians. Title: 1936 FA Cup Final Passage: The 1936 FA Cup Final was a football match between Arsenal and Sheffield United on 25 April 1936 at Wembley. The showpiece match of English football's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (better known as the FA Cup), it was the 61st Cup final, and the fourteenth at the national stadium. Title: 1951 FA Cup Final Passage: The 1951 FA Cup Final was contested by Newcastle United and Blackpool at Wembley on 28 April 1951. Newcastle won 2–0, with both goals scored by Jackie Milburn. Title: 1923 FA Cup Final Passage: The 1923 FA Cup Final was an association football match between Bolton Wanderers and West Ham United on 28 April 1923 at the original Wembley Stadium in London. The showpiece match of English football's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (better known as the FA Cup), it was the first football match to be played at Wembley Stadium. King George V was in attendance to present the trophy to the winning team. Title: 2015–16 Leicester City F.C. season Passage: Games played 43 (38 Premier League) (2 FA Cup) (3 League Cup) Games won 25 (23 Premier League) (0 FA Cup) (2 League Cup) Games drawn 12 (12 Premier League) (1 FA Cup) (1 League Cup) Games lost 4 (3 Premier League) (1 FA Cup) Goals scored 76 (67 Premier League) (2 FA Cup) (7 League Cup) Goals conceded 42 (35 Premier League) (4 FA Cup) (3 League Cup) Goal difference + 34 (+ 32 Premier League) (- 2 FA Cup) (+ 4 League Cup) Clean sheets 14 (14 Premier League) Most appearances 42 Appearances (Marc Albrighton) Top scorer 24 Goals (Jamie Vardy) Winning Percentage Overall: 21 / 36 (58.33%) Title: List of Chelsea F.C. managers Passage: Name Nat Tenure Honours Ted Drake England 1952 -- 1961 1955 First Division 1955 FA Charity Shield Tommy Docherty Scotland 1961 -- 1967 1965 Football League Cup Dave Sexton England 1967 -- 1974 1970 FA Cup 1971 European Cup Winners' Cup John Neal England 1981 -- 1985 1984 Second Division John Hollins England 1985 -- 1988 1986 Full Members Cup Bobby Campbell England 1988 -- 1991 1989 Second Division 1990 Full Members Cup Ruud Gullit Netherlands 1996 -- 1998 1997 FA Cup Gianluca Vialli Italy 1998 -- 2000 1998 Football League Cup 1998 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1998 UEFA Super Cup 2000 FA Cup 2000 FA Charity Shield José Mourinho Portugal 2004 -- 2007 2013 -- 2015 2005 Football League Cup 2005 Premier League 2005 FA Community Shield 2006 Premier League 2007 Football League Cup 2007 FA Cup 2015 Football League Cup 2015 Premier League Guus Hiddink Netherlands 2009 2015 -- 2016 2009 FA Cup Carlo Ancelotti Italy 2009 -- 2011 2009 FA Community Shield 2010 Premier League 2010 FA Cup Roberto Di Matteo Italy 2012 2012 FA Cup 2012 UEFA Champions League Rafael Benítez Spain 2012 -- 2013 2013 UEFA Europa League Antonio Conte Italy 2016 -- 2018 2017 Premier League 2018 FA Cup Title: Ray Snowball Passage: Raymond Snowball (born 10 March 1932) is an English former amateur footballer who played as a goalkeeper in the Football League for Darlington. He is better known for his achievements while playing for Crook Town, with whom he won three FA Amateur Cups, in 1959, 1962 and 1964. Title: 1914 FA Cup Final Passage: The 1914 FA Cup Final was a football match between Burnley and Liverpool on 25 April 1914 at Crystal Palace, London. It was the final match of the 1913–14 FA Cup, the 43rd season of the country's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, better known as the FA Cup. Both teams were appearing in their first final. Title: 1959 FA Cup Final Passage: 1959 FA Cup Final Event 1958 -- 59 FA Cup Nottingham Forest Luton Town Date 2 May 1959 Venue Wembley Stadium, London Referee Jack Clough (Bolton) Attendance 100,000 ← 1958 1960 → Title: Liverpool F.C. Passage: Liverpool Football Club is a professional football club in Liverpool, England, that competes in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. The club has won 5 European Cups, more than any other English club, 3 UEFA Cups, 3 UEFA Super Cups, 18 League titles, 7 FA Cups, 8 League Cups, and 15 FA Community Shields. Title: Nottingham Forest F.C. Passage: Forest were founder members of the Football Alliance in 1889 before joining the Football League in 1892. They have since mostly competed in the top two League tiers except five seasons in the third tier. Forest won the FA Cup in 1898 and 1959. Their most successful period was in the management reign of Brian Clough and Peter Taylor between 1976 and 1982. With Forest they won the 1977 -- 78 Football League title followed by the 1979 and 1980 European Cups. They also won two Football League Cups at Forest together. After Taylor left Clough won two more League Cups and two Full Members Cups. Title: Arsenal F.C. Passage: For many years Arsenal's away colours were white shirts and either black or white shorts. In the 1969–70 season, Arsenal introduced an away kit of yellow shirts with blue shorts. This kit was worn in the 1971 FA Cup Final as Arsenal beat Liverpool to secure the double for the first time in their history. Arsenal reached the FA Cup final again the following year wearing the red and white home strip and were beaten by Leeds United. Arsenal then competed in three consecutive FA Cup finals between 1978 and 1980 wearing their "lucky" yellow and blue strip, which remained the club's away strip until the release of a green and navy away kit in 1982–83. The following season, Arsenal returned to the yellow and blue scheme, albeit with a darker shade of blue than before.	[ "1959 FA Cup Final", "Nottingham Forest F.C." ]
2hop__80673_510545	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Vision ConnectedDrive is a two-seater sports car concept built by BMW featuring new advanced driver assistance aids. It had its world premiere at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show. Unlike previously named Vision concept cars, BMW has no intention to build this vehicle, but to show off its latest design and technology developments.", "title": "BMW Vision ConnectedDrive" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dame Enid Diana Elizabeth Rigg, DBE (born 20 July 1938) is an English actress. She is known for playing Emma Peel in the 1960s TV series The Avengers (1965 -- 68), and Olenna Tyrell in Game of Thrones (2013 -- 17). She has also had an extensive career in theatre, including playing the title role in Medea, both in London and New York, for which she won the 1994 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play. She was made a CBE in 1988 and a Dame in 1994 for services to drama.", "title": "Diana Rigg" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A Beautiful Mind is the original soundtrack album, on the Decca Records label, of the 2001 film \"A Beautiful Mind\" starring Russell Crowe, Jennifer Connelly (who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as \"Alicia Nash\"), Christopher Plummer and Paul Bettany. The original score and songs were composed and conducted by James Horner.", "title": "A Beautiful Mind (soundtrack)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In August 2015, Viadeo announced they had engaged in an advertising campaign in France to promote a 'new vision' and that the member base had passed the 10 million mark in France.", "title": "Viadeo" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In The Avengers (2012) Thanos makes a cameo appearance in the middle of the end credits. Damion Poitier (credited as Man # 1) portrays Thanos as Loki's mysterious benefactor. In Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) Thanos tries to use Ronan the Accuser to obtain an Infinity Stone. The film also introduces him as the adoptive father of Gamora and Nebula. Sean Gunn stood in for Thanos on set. Josh Brolin provided the performance capture for Thanos. Thanos was originally going to have a larger role in Guardians of the Galaxy, but Joss Whedon felt that the character needed to be threaded more gently. In Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Thanos makes a cameo appearance in the middle of the end credits. He dons an Infinity Gauntlet and vows to retrieve the Infinity Stones himself. Brolin reprises his uncredited role. In Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Thanos is once again portrayed by Brolin. In the film, he seeks the six Infinity Stones because he believes the Universe is overpopulated and wants to cull it by half so that those who remain may have a better quality of life. Brolin will reprise his role in the fourth Avengers movie (scheduled US release, May 3, 2019).", "title": "Thanos" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sympathy for the Underdog, known in Japan as , is a 1971 Japanese yakuza film directed and co-written by Kinji Fukasaku and starring Kōji Tsuruta and Noboru Ando. It is director Fukasaku's (\"Battles Without Honor and Humanity\", \"Battle Royale\") last film featuring Kōji Tsuruta. \"Complex\" named it number 8 on their list of The 25 Best Yakuza Movies. Home Vision Entertainment released the movie on DVD in North America in 2005.", "title": "Sympathy for the Underdog" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Vision of the Valley of Dry Bones (or The Valley of Dry Bones or The Vision of Dry Bones) is a prophecy in chapter 37 of the Book of Ezekiel. The chapter details a vision revealed to the prophet Ezekiel, conveying a dream - like realistic - naturalistic depiction.", "title": "Vision of the Valley of Dry Bones" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The character appears in various Marvel Cinematic Universe films, including The Avengers (2012), portrayed by Damion Poitier, and Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and its untitled sequel (2019), portrayed by Josh Brolin through voice and motion capture. The character has appeared in various comic adaptations, including animated television series, arcade, and video games.", "title": "Thanos" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Double Vision is a novel by Pat Barker, published in 2003. \"The Observer\" described the book as a \"strongly written, oddly constructed new novel\".", "title": "Double Vision (novel)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jeremy Ray Staat (born October 10, 1976) is a former American football defensive end who played for the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1998 and the St. Louis Rams for two games in 2003. He also played for the Los Angeles Avengers arena football team. He is a United States Marine, and has served in Iraq.", "title": "Jeremy Staat" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Avengers fight amongst themselves when Stark secretly uploads J.A.R.V.I.S. -- who is still operational after hiding from Ultron inside the Internet -- into the synthetic body. Thor returns to help activate the body, explaining that the gem on its brow -- one of the six Infinity Stones, the most powerful objects in existence -- was part of his vision. This ``Vision ''and the Maximoffs accompany the Avengers to Sokovia, where Ultron has used the remaining vibranium to build a machine to lift a large part of the capital city skyward, intending to crash it into the ground to cause global extinction. Banner rescues Romanoff, who awakens the Hulk for the battle. The Avengers fight Ultron's army while Fury arrives in a Helicarrier with Maria Hill, James Rhodes and S.H.I.E.L.D. agents to evacuate civilians. Pietro dies when he shields Barton from gunfire, and a vengeful Wanda abandons her post to destroy Ultron's primary body, which allows one of his drones to activate the machine. The city plummets, but Stark and Thor overload the machine and shatter the landmass. In the aftermath, the Hulk, unwilling to endanger Romanoff by being with her, departs in a Quinjet, while the Vision confronts and seemingly destroys Ultron's last remaining body.", "title": "Avengers: Age of Ultron" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Millennium High School was founded in 2002 with a $500,000 grant from New Visions for Public Schools with money donated from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Carnegie Corporation, and the Open Society Institute. Community Board 1 raised $14 million to build the school. The space within the building was made possible with several million dollars worth of grants from the federal government in 2003, as well as contributions from concerned groups such as New Visions for Public Schools, in an attempt to revitalize the lower Manhattan area following the September 11, 2001 attacks.", "title": "Millennium High School (New York City)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scarlett Johansson portrayed the character in the films Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Captain America: Civil War (2016) as a part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe franchise.", "title": "Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2004, Lionsgate Entertainment announced that a Black Widow motion picture, featuring the Natasha Romanova version, was in the script stage by screenwriter - director David Hayter. Lionsgate subsequently dropped the project. The Ultimate version of Black Widow appears in the Ultimate Avengers animated direct - to - video movie and its sequel, Ultimate Avengers 2, voiced by Olivia d'Abo. Scarlett Johansson portrays Natasha Romanoff / Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning in 2010. Johansson made her debut appearance in Iron Man 2. She was cast after a scheduling conflict forced Emily Blunt to drop out of the part. Johansson reprised the role in The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and will do so again for Infinity War's untitled 2019 sequel. Feige indicated interest in doing a solo Black Widow film in September 2010 and in February 2014, development work had begun on it, with Jac Schaeffer hired in January 2018 to write the script. That July, Cate Shortland was hired to direct. Previously, director Neil Marshall had expressed interest in directing the film. Black Widow appears in the 2013 direct - to - video anime film Iron Man: Rise of Technovore, voiced by Clare Grant. Black Widow teams up with The Punisher in the anime film Avengers Confidential: Black Widow & Punisher, voiced by Jennifer Carpenter.", "title": "Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Paul Bettany (born 27 May 1971) is an English actor. He is known for his voice role as J.A.R.V.I.S. and the Vision in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, specifically the films Iron Man (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Iron Man 3 (2013), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Captain America: Civil War (2016), for which he garnered praise. He first came to the attention of mainstream audiences when he appeared in the British film Gangster No. 1 (2000), and director Brian Helgeland's film A Knight's Tale (2001). He has gone on to appear in a wide variety of films, including A Beautiful Mind (2001), Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003), Dogville (2003), Wimbledon (2004), and the adaptation of the novel The Da Vinci Code (2006).", "title": "Paul Bettany" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scarlett Johansson portrayed the character in the films Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and the Untitled Avengers film (2019) as a part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe franchise.", "title": "Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emma Peel is a fictional spy played by Diana Rigg in the British 1960s adventure television series The Avengers, and by Uma Thurman in the 1998 film version. She was born Emma Knight, the daughter of an industrialist, Sir John Knight.", "title": "Emma Peel" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New Adventures of the Elusive Avengers (, translit. \"Novye prikluchenya Neulovimykh\") is a 1968 Soviet action movie, a sequel of \"The Elusive Avengers\", directed by Edmond Keosayan and made on Mosfilm. The movie was followed by \"The Crown of the Russian Empire, or Once Again the Elusive Avengers\" released in 1971.", "title": "The New Adventures of the Elusive Avengers" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael Earl Schoeffling (born December 10, 1960) is an American former actor and male model, known for playing Jake Ryan in Sixteen Candles, Kuch in Vision Quest, and Joe in Mermaids.", "title": "Michael Schoeffling" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Margaret \"Peggy\" Wehmeyer (born 1955) is an American journalist who served for seven years as the religion correspondent on the ABC news television network, before becoming the host and editor of World Vision Report.", "title": "Peggy Wehmeyer" } ]	Who is the spouse of the actor who plays Vision in the new Avengers movie?	Jennifer Connelly	[]	Title: Viadeo Passage: In August 2015, Viadeo announced they had engaged in an advertising campaign in France to promote a 'new vision' and that the member base had passed the 10 million mark in France. Title: A Beautiful Mind (soundtrack) Passage: A Beautiful Mind is the original soundtrack album, on the Decca Records label, of the 2001 film "A Beautiful Mind" starring Russell Crowe, Jennifer Connelly (who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as "Alicia Nash"), Christopher Plummer and Paul Bettany. The original score and songs were composed and conducted by James Horner. Title: Black Widow (Natasha Romanova) Passage: In 2004, Lionsgate Entertainment announced that a Black Widow motion picture, featuring the Natasha Romanova version, was in the script stage by screenwriter - director David Hayter. Lionsgate subsequently dropped the project. The Ultimate version of Black Widow appears in the Ultimate Avengers animated direct - to - video movie and its sequel, Ultimate Avengers 2, voiced by Olivia d'Abo. Scarlett Johansson portrays Natasha Romanoff / Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning in 2010. Johansson made her debut appearance in Iron Man 2. She was cast after a scheduling conflict forced Emily Blunt to drop out of the part. Johansson reprised the role in The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and will do so again for Infinity War's untitled 2019 sequel. Feige indicated interest in doing a solo Black Widow film in September 2010 and in February 2014, development work had begun on it, with Jac Schaeffer hired in January 2018 to write the script. That July, Cate Shortland was hired to direct. Previously, director Neil Marshall had expressed interest in directing the film. Black Widow appears in the 2013 direct - to - video anime film Iron Man: Rise of Technovore, voiced by Clare Grant. Black Widow teams up with The Punisher in the anime film Avengers Confidential: Black Widow & Punisher, voiced by Jennifer Carpenter. Title: Sympathy for the Underdog Passage: Sympathy for the Underdog, known in Japan as , is a 1971 Japanese yakuza film directed and co-written by Kinji Fukasaku and starring Kōji Tsuruta and Noboru Ando. It is director Fukasaku's ("Battles Without Honor and Humanity", "Battle Royale") last film featuring Kōji Tsuruta. "Complex" named it number 8 on their list of The 25 Best Yakuza Movies. Home Vision Entertainment released the movie on DVD in North America in 2005. Title: Michael Schoeffling Passage: Michael Earl Schoeffling (born December 10, 1960) is an American former actor and male model, known for playing Jake Ryan in Sixteen Candles, Kuch in Vision Quest, and Joe in Mermaids. Title: Black Widow (Natasha Romanova) Passage: Scarlett Johansson portrayed the character in the films Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and the Untitled Avengers film (2019) as a part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe franchise. Title: Peggy Wehmeyer Passage: Margaret "Peggy" Wehmeyer (born 1955) is an American journalist who served for seven years as the religion correspondent on the ABC news television network, before becoming the host and editor of World Vision Report. Title: Black Widow (Natasha Romanova) Passage: Scarlett Johansson portrayed the character in the films Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Captain America: Civil War (2016) as a part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe franchise. Title: Vision of the Valley of Dry Bones Passage: The Vision of the Valley of Dry Bones (or The Valley of Dry Bones or The Vision of Dry Bones) is a prophecy in chapter 37 of the Book of Ezekiel. The chapter details a vision revealed to the prophet Ezekiel, conveying a dream - like realistic - naturalistic depiction. Title: Diana Rigg Passage: Dame Enid Diana Elizabeth Rigg, DBE (born 20 July 1938) is an English actress. She is known for playing Emma Peel in the 1960s TV series The Avengers (1965 -- 68), and Olenna Tyrell in Game of Thrones (2013 -- 17). She has also had an extensive career in theatre, including playing the title role in Medea, both in London and New York, for which she won the 1994 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play. She was made a CBE in 1988 and a Dame in 1994 for services to drama. Title: Emma Peel Passage: Emma Peel is a fictional spy played by Diana Rigg in the British 1960s adventure television series The Avengers, and by Uma Thurman in the 1998 film version. She was born Emma Knight, the daughter of an industrialist, Sir John Knight. Title: Thanos Passage: The character appears in various Marvel Cinematic Universe films, including The Avengers (2012), portrayed by Damion Poitier, and Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and its untitled sequel (2019), portrayed by Josh Brolin through voice and motion capture. The character has appeared in various comic adaptations, including animated television series, arcade, and video games. Title: Jeremy Staat Passage: Jeremy Ray Staat (born October 10, 1976) is a former American football defensive end who played for the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1998 and the St. Louis Rams for two games in 2003. He also played for the Los Angeles Avengers arena football team. He is a United States Marine, and has served in Iraq. Title: Paul Bettany Passage: Paul Bettany (born 27 May 1971) is an English actor. He is known for his voice role as J.A.R.V.I.S. and the Vision in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, specifically the films Iron Man (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Iron Man 3 (2013), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Captain America: Civil War (2016), for which he garnered praise. He first came to the attention of mainstream audiences when he appeared in the British film Gangster No. 1 (2000), and director Brian Helgeland's film A Knight's Tale (2001). He has gone on to appear in a wide variety of films, including A Beautiful Mind (2001), Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003), Dogville (2003), Wimbledon (2004), and the adaptation of the novel The Da Vinci Code (2006). Title: Millennium High School (New York City) Passage: Millennium High School was founded in 2002 with a $500,000 grant from New Visions for Public Schools with money donated from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Carnegie Corporation, and the Open Society Institute. Community Board 1 raised $14 million to build the school. The space within the building was made possible with several million dollars worth of grants from the federal government in 2003, as well as contributions from concerned groups such as New Visions for Public Schools, in an attempt to revitalize the lower Manhattan area following the September 11, 2001 attacks. Title: Double Vision (novel) Passage: Double Vision is a novel by Pat Barker, published in 2003. "The Observer" described the book as a "strongly written, oddly constructed new novel". Title: Avengers: Age of Ultron Passage: The Avengers fight amongst themselves when Stark secretly uploads J.A.R.V.I.S. -- who is still operational after hiding from Ultron inside the Internet -- into the synthetic body. Thor returns to help activate the body, explaining that the gem on its brow -- one of the six Infinity Stones, the most powerful objects in existence -- was part of his vision. This ``Vision ''and the Maximoffs accompany the Avengers to Sokovia, where Ultron has used the remaining vibranium to build a machine to lift a large part of the capital city skyward, intending to crash it into the ground to cause global extinction. Banner rescues Romanoff, who awakens the Hulk for the battle. The Avengers fight Ultron's army while Fury arrives in a Helicarrier with Maria Hill, James Rhodes and S.H.I.E.L.D. agents to evacuate civilians. Pietro dies when he shields Barton from gunfire, and a vengeful Wanda abandons her post to destroy Ultron's primary body, which allows one of his drones to activate the machine. The city plummets, but Stark and Thor overload the machine and shatter the landmass. In the aftermath, the Hulk, unwilling to endanger Romanoff by being with her, departs in a Quinjet, while the Vision confronts and seemingly destroys Ultron's last remaining body. Title: Thanos Passage: In The Avengers (2012) Thanos makes a cameo appearance in the middle of the end credits. Damion Poitier (credited as Man # 1) portrays Thanos as Loki's mysterious benefactor. In Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) Thanos tries to use Ronan the Accuser to obtain an Infinity Stone. The film also introduces him as the adoptive father of Gamora and Nebula. Sean Gunn stood in for Thanos on set. Josh Brolin provided the performance capture for Thanos. Thanos was originally going to have a larger role in Guardians of the Galaxy, but Joss Whedon felt that the character needed to be threaded more gently. In Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Thanos makes a cameo appearance in the middle of the end credits. He dons an Infinity Gauntlet and vows to retrieve the Infinity Stones himself. Brolin reprises his uncredited role. In Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Thanos is once again portrayed by Brolin. In the film, he seeks the six Infinity Stones because he believes the Universe is overpopulated and wants to cull it by half so that those who remain may have a better quality of life. Brolin will reprise his role in the fourth Avengers movie (scheduled US release, May 3, 2019). Title: The New Adventures of the Elusive Avengers Passage: The New Adventures of the Elusive Avengers (, translit. "Novye prikluchenya Neulovimykh") is a 1968 Soviet action movie, a sequel of "The Elusive Avengers", directed by Edmond Keosayan and made on Mosfilm. The movie was followed by "The Crown of the Russian Empire, or Once Again the Elusive Avengers" released in 1971. Title: BMW Vision ConnectedDrive Passage: The Vision ConnectedDrive is a two-seater sports car concept built by BMW featuring new advanced driver assistance aids. It had its world premiere at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show. Unlike previously named Vision concept cars, BMW has no intention to build this vehicle, but to show off its latest design and technology developments.	[ "A Beautiful Mind (soundtrack)", "Paul Bettany" ]
2hop__14121_15463	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the PC market declined, Apple still managed to ship 2.8 million MacBooks in Q2 2012 (the majority of which are the MacBook Air) compared to 500,000 total Ultrabooks, although there were dozens of Ultrabooks from various manufacturers on the market while Apple only offered 11-inch and 13-inch models of the MacBook Air. The Air has been the best-selling ultra-portable in certain countries over Windows Ultrabooks, particularly the United States. While several Ultrabooks were able to claim individual distinctions such as being the lightest or thinnest, the Air was regarded by reviewers as the best all-around subnotebook/ultraportable in regard to \"OS X experience, full keyboard, superior trackpad, Thunderbolt connector and the higher-quality, all-aluminum unibody construction\". The Air was among the first to receive Intel's latest CPUs before other PC manufacturers, and OS X has gained market share on Windows in recent years. Through July 1, 2013, the MacBook Air took in 56 percent of all Ultrabook sales in the United States, although being one of the higher-priced competitors, though several Ultrabooks with better features were often more expensive than the MacBook Air. The competitive pricing of MacBooks was particularly effective when rivals charged more for seemingly equivalent Ultrabooks, as this contradicted the established \"elitist aura\" perception that Apple products cost more but were higher quality, which made these most expensive Ultrabooks seem exorbitant no matter how valid their higher prices were.", "title": "Macintosh" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Compaq, who had previously held the third place spot among PC manufacturers during the 1980s and early-mid 1990s, initiated a successful price war in 1994 that vaulted them to the biggest by the year end, overtaking a struggling IBM and relegating Apple to third place. Apple's market share further struggled due to the release of the Windows 95 operating system, which unified Microsoft's formerly separate MS-DOS and Windows products. Windows 95 significantly enhanced the multimedia capability and performance of IBM PC compatible computers, and brought the capabilities of Windows to parity with the Mac OS GUI.", "title": "Macintosh" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The American Brass Company was an American brass manufacturing company based in Connecticut and active from 1893 to 1960. The company's predecessors were the Wolcottville Brass Company and the Ansonia Brass and Battery Company. It was the first large brass manufacturing firm in the United States, and for much of its existence was the largest brass manufacturer in the country. It was purchased by the Anaconda Copper Company in 1922, and merged into Anaconda's other brass manufacturing concerns (losing its identity and name in the process) in 1960.", "title": "American Brass Company" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "IKCO Dena is a family car manufactured by Iran Khodro (IKCO) auto company; it was unveiled in April 2011, but mass-production only began in 2015. Its price range will be between USD$12,000 and USD$13,000, depending on the specific model and accessories. Dena will replace the IKCO Samand in non-domestic markets after the manufacturer starts mass production.", "title": "IKCO Dena" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1984, the company produced the first computer of its own design -- the ``Turbo PC '', sold for US $795 -- containing an Intel 8088 - compatible processor running at a speed of 8 MHz. PC's Limited advertised the systems in national computer magazines for sale directly to consumers, and custom assembled each ordered unit according to a selection of options. This offered buyers prices lower than those of retail brands, but with greater convenience than assembling the components themselves. Although not the first company to use this model, PC's Limited became one of the first to succeed with it. The company grossed more than $73 million in its first year of trading.", "title": "History of Dell" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Celestial Games is an independent video game development company based in Johannesburg, South Africa that started in 1994. They published two PC titles then closed their doors in 2001. In 2010, they reopened the company to work on a HD version of their most successful title, \"Toxic Bunny\".", "title": "Celestial Games" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The list price, also known as the manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP), or the recommended retail price (RRP), or the suggested retail price (SRP), of a product is the price at which the manufacturer recommends that the retailer sell the product. The intention was to help to standardise prices among locations. While some stores always sell at, or below, the suggested retail price, others do so only when items are on sale or closeout / clearance.", "title": "List price" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed on February 2, 1848, by American diplomat Nicholas Trist and Mexican plenipotentiary representatives Luis G. Cuevas, Bernardo Couto, and Miguel Atristain, ended the war, gave the U.S. undisputed control of Texas, and established the U.S.–Mexican border of the Rio Grande. As news of peace negotiations reached the state, new call to arms began to flare among the people of the state. But as the Mexican officials in Chihuahua heard that General Price was heading back to Mexico with a large force comprising several companies of infantry and three companies of cavalry and one division of light artillery from Santa Fe on February 8, 1848, Ángel Trías sent a message to Sacramento Pass to ask for succession of the area as they understood the war had concluded. General Price, misunderstanding this as a deception by the Mexican forces, continued to advance towards the state capital. On March 16, 1848 Price began negotiations with Ángel Trías, but the Mexican leader responded with an ultimatum to General Price. The American forces engaged with the Mexican forces near Santa Cruz de los Rosales on March 16, 1848. The Battle of Santa Cruz de los Rosales was the last battle of the Mexican–American War and it occurred after the peace treaty was signed. The American forces maintained control over the state capital for three months after the confirmation of the peace treaty. The American presence served to delay the possible succession of the state which had been discussed at the end of 1847, and the state remained under United States occupation until May 22, 1848.", "title": "Chihuahua (state)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dell's reputation for poor customer service, since 2002, which was exacerbated as it moved call centres offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came under increasing scrutiny on the Web. The original Dell model was known for high customer satisfaction when PCs sold for thousands but by the 2000s, the company could not justify that level of service when computers in the same lineup sold for hundreds. Rollins responded by shifting Dick Hunter from head of manufacturing to head of customer service. Hunter, who noted that Dell's DNA of cost-cutting \"got in the way,\" aimed to reduce call transfer times and have call center representatives resolve inquiries in one call. By 2006, Dell had spent $100 million in just a few months to improve on this, and rolled out DellConnect to answer customer inquiries more quickly. In July 2006, the company started its Direct2Dell blog, and then in February 2007, Michael Dell launched IdeaStorm.com, asking customers for advice including selling Linux computers and reducing the promotional \"bloatware\" on PCs. These initiatives did manage to cut the negative blog posts from 49% to 22%, as well as reduce the \"Dell Hell\" prominent on Internet search engines.", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Windows 8 was distributed as a retail box product on DVD, and through a digital download that could be converted into DVD or USB install media. As part of a launch promotion, Microsoft offered Windows 8 Pro upgrades at a discounted price of US$39.99 online, or $69.99 for retail box from its launch until January 31, 2013; afterward the Windows 8 price has been $119.99 and the Pro price $199.99. Those who purchased new PCs pre-loaded with Windows 7 Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, or Ultimate between June 2, 2012 and January 31, 2013 could digitally purchase a Windows 8 Pro upgrade for US$14.99. Several PC manufacturers offered rebates and refunds on Windows 8 upgrades obtained through the promotion on select models, such as Hewlett-Packard (in the U.S. and Canada on select models), and Acer (in Europe on selected Ultrabook models). During these promotions, the Windows Media Center add-on for Windows 8 Pro was also offered for free.", "title": "Windows 8" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "From 1997 to 2004, Dell enjoyed steady growth and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps. During the same period, rival PC vendors such as Compaq, Gateway, IBM, Packard Bell, and AST Research struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out. Dell surpassed Compaq to become the largest PC manufacturer in 1999. Operating costs made up only 10 percent of Dell's $35 billion in revenue in 2002, compared with 21 percent of revenue at Hewlett-Packard, 25 percent at Gateway, and 46 percent at Cisco. In 2002, when Compaq merged with Hewlett Packard (the fourth-place PC maker), the newly combined Hewlett Packard took the top spot but struggled and Dell soon regained its lead. Dell grew the fastest in the early 2000s.", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Death to Spies () is a stealth third-person shooter PC game set in World War II and produced by 1C Company and Russian studio Haggard Games. The game was released on October 17, 2007 on PC and then later to Valve's digital distribution system, Steam, on March 12, 2008.", "title": "Death to Spies" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ensign Manufacturing Company, founded as Ensign Car Works in 1872, was a railroad car manufacturing company based in Huntington, West Virginia. In the 1880s and 1890s Ensign's production of wood freight cars made the company one of the three largest sawmill operators in Cabell County. In 1899, Ensign and twelve other companies were merged to form American Car and Foundry Company.", "title": "Ensign Manufacturing Company" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gjensidige NOR was a Norwegian bank and insurance company that was in existence between 1999 and 2003. The company was created when the two savings banks Sparebanken NOR (bank) and Gjensidige (insurance) were merged in 1999. In 2002 Norwegian savings banks were allowed to become public limited company and was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. In 2003 the company was merged with Den norske Bank to form DnB NOR, while the original insurance company Gjensidige was demerged and again became a separate company in 2005.", "title": "Gjensidige NOR" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "T - Mobile US traces its roots to the 1994 establishment of VoiceStream Wireless PCS as a subsidiary of Western Wireless Corporation. Spun off from parent Western Wireless on May 3, 1999, VoiceStream Wireless was purchased by Deutsche Telekom AG in 2001 for $35 billion and renamed T - Mobile USA, Inc. in July, 2002. In 2013, T - Mobile and MetroPCS finalized a merger of the two companies. The two companies began trading as T - Mobile US.", "title": "T-Mobile US" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On October 19, 1999, Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia went public on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol MSO. The initial public offering was set at $18 per share, and rallied to $38 by the end of trading, making Stewart a billionaire on paper and the first female, self-made billionaire in the U.S. The stock price slowly went down to $16 per share by February 2002. Stewart was then and continues to be the majority shareholder, commanding 96% control of voting power in the company.", "title": "Martha Stewart" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Colin is a 2008 British zombie film written and directed by Marc Price. After a successful run in a number of film festivals, it went on to be shown at Cannes in 2009. Applauded for its success despite its low budget, the total cost of production was reportedly £45. The director, actor and comedian Marc Price, shot \"Colin\" on a standard definition Panasonic mini-dv camcorder that he had owned for 10 years and edited the film on his home PC using Adobe Premiere 6 software which had come bundled with a video capture card he'd purchased a few years earlier. Facebook and Myspace were used to gather actors to play the zombies.", "title": "Colin (film)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During 1889, Thomas Edison had business interests in many electricity-related companies: Edison Lamp Company, a lamp manufacturer in East Newark, New Jersey; Edison Machine Works, a manufacturer of dynamos and large electric motors in Schenectady, New York; Bergmann & Company, a manufacturer of electric lighting fixtures, sockets, and other electric lighting devices; and Edison Electric Light Company, the patent-holding company and the financial arm backed by J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family for Edison's lighting experiments. In 1889, Drexel, Morgan & Co., a company founded by J.P. Morgan and Anthony J. Drexel, financed Edison's research and helped merge those companies under one corporation to form Edison General Electric Company which was incorporated in New York on April 24, 1889. The new company also acquired Sprague Electric Railway & Motor Company in the same year.", "title": "General Electric" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beaver Motorcoach Corporation (also known as Beaver Coach) is a defunct American motor coach manufacturing company that was based in Oregon. The company's manufacturing plant was initially located in Bend and later moved to Coburg. After its initial bankruptcy, the Beaver Coach brand name was purchased by a series of parent companies before it finally disappeared in 2009.", "title": "Beaver Motorcoach Corporation" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fuji Heavy Industries started out as The Aircraft Research Laboratory in 1915, headed by Chikuhei Nakajima. In 1932, the company was reorganized as Nakajima Aircraft Company, Ltd and soon became a major manufacturer of aircraft for Japan during World War II. At the end of the Second World War Nakajima Aircraft was again reorganized, this time as Fuji Sangyo Co, Ltd. In 1946, the company created the Fuji Rabbit motor scooter with spare aircraft parts from the war. In 1950, Fuji Sangyo was divided into 12 smaller corporations according to the Japanese Government's 1950 Corporate Credit Rearrangement Act, anti-zaibatsu legislation. Between 1953 and 1955, four of these corporations and a newly formed corporation decided to merge to form Fuji Heavy Industries. These companies were: Fuji Kogyo, a scooter manufacturer; coachbuilders Fuji Jidosha; engine manufacturers Omiya Fuji Kogyo; chassis builders Utsunomiya Sharyo and the Tokyo Fuji Dangyo trading company.", "title": "Subaru" } ]	What company did the company that initiated a successful price war among PC manufacturers in 1994 merge with in 2002?	Hewlett Packard	[ "Hewlett-Packard" ]	Title: Ensign Manufacturing Company Passage: Ensign Manufacturing Company, founded as Ensign Car Works in 1872, was a railroad car manufacturing company based in Huntington, West Virginia. In the 1880s and 1890s Ensign's production of wood freight cars made the company one of the three largest sawmill operators in Cabell County. In 1899, Ensign and twelve other companies were merged to form American Car and Foundry Company. Title: Beaver Motorcoach Corporation Passage: Beaver Motorcoach Corporation (also known as Beaver Coach) is a defunct American motor coach manufacturing company that was based in Oregon. The company's manufacturing plant was initially located in Bend and later moved to Coburg. After its initial bankruptcy, the Beaver Coach brand name was purchased by a series of parent companies before it finally disappeared in 2009. Title: Dell Passage: Dell's reputation for poor customer service, since 2002, which was exacerbated as it moved call centres offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came under increasing scrutiny on the Web. The original Dell model was known for high customer satisfaction when PCs sold for thousands but by the 2000s, the company could not justify that level of service when computers in the same lineup sold for hundreds. Rollins responded by shifting Dick Hunter from head of manufacturing to head of customer service. Hunter, who noted that Dell's DNA of cost-cutting "got in the way," aimed to reduce call transfer times and have call center representatives resolve inquiries in one call. By 2006, Dell had spent $100 million in just a few months to improve on this, and rolled out DellConnect to answer customer inquiries more quickly. In July 2006, the company started its Direct2Dell blog, and then in February 2007, Michael Dell launched IdeaStorm.com, asking customers for advice including selling Linux computers and reducing the promotional "bloatware" on PCs. These initiatives did manage to cut the negative blog posts from 49% to 22%, as well as reduce the "Dell Hell" prominent on Internet search engines. Title: Macintosh Passage: Compaq, who had previously held the third place spot among PC manufacturers during the 1980s and early-mid 1990s, initiated a successful price war in 1994 that vaulted them to the biggest by the year end, overtaking a struggling IBM and relegating Apple to third place. Apple's market share further struggled due to the release of the Windows 95 operating system, which unified Microsoft's formerly separate MS-DOS and Windows products. Windows 95 significantly enhanced the multimedia capability and performance of IBM PC compatible computers, and brought the capabilities of Windows to parity with the Mac OS GUI. Title: Celestial Games Passage: Celestial Games is an independent video game development company based in Johannesburg, South Africa that started in 1994. They published two PC titles then closed their doors in 2001. In 2010, they reopened the company to work on a HD version of their most successful title, "Toxic Bunny". Title: Colin (film) Passage: Colin is a 2008 British zombie film written and directed by Marc Price. After a successful run in a number of film festivals, it went on to be shown at Cannes in 2009. Applauded for its success despite its low budget, the total cost of production was reportedly £45. The director, actor and comedian Marc Price, shot "Colin" on a standard definition Panasonic mini-dv camcorder that he had owned for 10 years and edited the film on his home PC using Adobe Premiere 6 software which had come bundled with a video capture card he'd purchased a few years earlier. Facebook and Myspace were used to gather actors to play the zombies. Title: History of Dell Passage: In 1984, the company produced the first computer of its own design -- the ``Turbo PC '', sold for US $795 -- containing an Intel 8088 - compatible processor running at a speed of 8 MHz. PC's Limited advertised the systems in national computer magazines for sale directly to consumers, and custom assembled each ordered unit according to a selection of options. This offered buyers prices lower than those of retail brands, but with greater convenience than assembling the components themselves. Although not the first company to use this model, PC's Limited became one of the first to succeed with it. The company grossed more than $73 million in its first year of trading. Title: General Electric Passage: During 1889, Thomas Edison had business interests in many electricity-related companies: Edison Lamp Company, a lamp manufacturer in East Newark, New Jersey; Edison Machine Works, a manufacturer of dynamos and large electric motors in Schenectady, New York; Bergmann & Company, a manufacturer of electric lighting fixtures, sockets, and other electric lighting devices; and Edison Electric Light Company, the patent-holding company and the financial arm backed by J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family for Edison's lighting experiments. In 1889, Drexel, Morgan & Co., a company founded by J.P. Morgan and Anthony J. Drexel, financed Edison's research and helped merge those companies under one corporation to form Edison General Electric Company which was incorporated in New York on April 24, 1889. The new company also acquired Sprague Electric Railway & Motor Company in the same year. Title: List price Passage: The list price, also known as the manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP), or the recommended retail price (RRP), or the suggested retail price (SRP), of a product is the price at which the manufacturer recommends that the retailer sell the product. The intention was to help to standardise prices among locations. While some stores always sell at, or below, the suggested retail price, others do so only when items are on sale or closeout / clearance. Title: Death to Spies Passage: Death to Spies () is a stealth third-person shooter PC game set in World War II and produced by 1C Company and Russian studio Haggard Games. The game was released on October 17, 2007 on PC and then later to Valve's digital distribution system, Steam, on March 12, 2008. Title: Windows 8 Passage: Windows 8 was distributed as a retail box product on DVD, and through a digital download that could be converted into DVD or USB install media. As part of a launch promotion, Microsoft offered Windows 8 Pro upgrades at a discounted price of US$39.99 online, or $69.99 for retail box from its launch until January 31, 2013; afterward the Windows 8 price has been $119.99 and the Pro price $199.99. Those who purchased new PCs pre-loaded with Windows 7 Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, or Ultimate between June 2, 2012 and January 31, 2013 could digitally purchase a Windows 8 Pro upgrade for US$14.99. Several PC manufacturers offered rebates and refunds on Windows 8 upgrades obtained through the promotion on select models, such as Hewlett-Packard (in the U.S. and Canada on select models), and Acer (in Europe on selected Ultrabook models). During these promotions, the Windows Media Center add-on for Windows 8 Pro was also offered for free. Title: T-Mobile US Passage: T - Mobile US traces its roots to the 1994 establishment of VoiceStream Wireless PCS as a subsidiary of Western Wireless Corporation. Spun off from parent Western Wireless on May 3, 1999, VoiceStream Wireless was purchased by Deutsche Telekom AG in 2001 for $35 billion and renamed T - Mobile USA, Inc. in July, 2002. In 2013, T - Mobile and MetroPCS finalized a merger of the two companies. The two companies began trading as T - Mobile US. Title: Martha Stewart Passage: On October 19, 1999, Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia went public on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol MSO. The initial public offering was set at $18 per share, and rallied to $38 by the end of trading, making Stewart a billionaire on paper and the first female, self-made billionaire in the U.S. The stock price slowly went down to $16 per share by February 2002. Stewart was then and continues to be the majority shareholder, commanding 96% control of voting power in the company. Title: Gjensidige NOR Passage: Gjensidige NOR was a Norwegian bank and insurance company that was in existence between 1999 and 2003. The company was created when the two savings banks Sparebanken NOR (bank) and Gjensidige (insurance) were merged in 1999. In 2002 Norwegian savings banks were allowed to become public limited company and was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. In 2003 the company was merged with Den norske Bank to form DnB NOR, while the original insurance company Gjensidige was demerged and again became a separate company in 2005. Title: Macintosh Passage: Although the PC market declined, Apple still managed to ship 2.8 million MacBooks in Q2 2012 (the majority of which are the MacBook Air) compared to 500,000 total Ultrabooks, although there were dozens of Ultrabooks from various manufacturers on the market while Apple only offered 11-inch and 13-inch models of the MacBook Air. The Air has been the best-selling ultra-portable in certain countries over Windows Ultrabooks, particularly the United States. While several Ultrabooks were able to claim individual distinctions such as being the lightest or thinnest, the Air was regarded by reviewers as the best all-around subnotebook/ultraportable in regard to "OS X experience, full keyboard, superior trackpad, Thunderbolt connector and the higher-quality, all-aluminum unibody construction". The Air was among the first to receive Intel's latest CPUs before other PC manufacturers, and OS X has gained market share on Windows in recent years. Through July 1, 2013, the MacBook Air took in 56 percent of all Ultrabook sales in the United States, although being one of the higher-priced competitors, though several Ultrabooks with better features were often more expensive than the MacBook Air. The competitive pricing of MacBooks was particularly effective when rivals charged more for seemingly equivalent Ultrabooks, as this contradicted the established "elitist aura" perception that Apple products cost more but were higher quality, which made these most expensive Ultrabooks seem exorbitant no matter how valid their higher prices were. Title: Chihuahua (state) Passage: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed on February 2, 1848, by American diplomat Nicholas Trist and Mexican plenipotentiary representatives Luis G. Cuevas, Bernardo Couto, and Miguel Atristain, ended the war, gave the U.S. undisputed control of Texas, and established the U.S.–Mexican border of the Rio Grande. As news of peace negotiations reached the state, new call to arms began to flare among the people of the state. But as the Mexican officials in Chihuahua heard that General Price was heading back to Mexico with a large force comprising several companies of infantry and three companies of cavalry and one division of light artillery from Santa Fe on February 8, 1848, Ángel Trías sent a message to Sacramento Pass to ask for succession of the area as they understood the war had concluded. General Price, misunderstanding this as a deception by the Mexican forces, continued to advance towards the state capital. On March 16, 1848 Price began negotiations with Ángel Trías, but the Mexican leader responded with an ultimatum to General Price. The American forces engaged with the Mexican forces near Santa Cruz de los Rosales on March 16, 1848. The Battle of Santa Cruz de los Rosales was the last battle of the Mexican–American War and it occurred after the peace treaty was signed. The American forces maintained control over the state capital for three months after the confirmation of the peace treaty. The American presence served to delay the possible succession of the state which had been discussed at the end of 1847, and the state remained under United States occupation until May 22, 1848. Title: IKCO Dena Passage: IKCO Dena is a family car manufactured by Iran Khodro (IKCO) auto company; it was unveiled in April 2011, but mass-production only began in 2015. Its price range will be between USD$12,000 and USD$13,000, depending on the specific model and accessories. Dena will replace the IKCO Samand in non-domestic markets after the manufacturer starts mass production. Title: Dell Passage: From 1997 to 2004, Dell enjoyed steady growth and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps. During the same period, rival PC vendors such as Compaq, Gateway, IBM, Packard Bell, and AST Research struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out. Dell surpassed Compaq to become the largest PC manufacturer in 1999. Operating costs made up only 10 percent of Dell's $35 billion in revenue in 2002, compared with 21 percent of revenue at Hewlett-Packard, 25 percent at Gateway, and 46 percent at Cisco. In 2002, when Compaq merged with Hewlett Packard (the fourth-place PC maker), the newly combined Hewlett Packard took the top spot but struggled and Dell soon regained its lead. Dell grew the fastest in the early 2000s. Title: Subaru Passage: Fuji Heavy Industries started out as The Aircraft Research Laboratory in 1915, headed by Chikuhei Nakajima. In 1932, the company was reorganized as Nakajima Aircraft Company, Ltd and soon became a major manufacturer of aircraft for Japan during World War II. At the end of the Second World War Nakajima Aircraft was again reorganized, this time as Fuji Sangyo Co, Ltd. In 1946, the company created the Fuji Rabbit motor scooter with spare aircraft parts from the war. In 1950, Fuji Sangyo was divided into 12 smaller corporations according to the Japanese Government's 1950 Corporate Credit Rearrangement Act, anti-zaibatsu legislation. Between 1953 and 1955, four of these corporations and a newly formed corporation decided to merge to form Fuji Heavy Industries. These companies were: Fuji Kogyo, a scooter manufacturer; coachbuilders Fuji Jidosha; engine manufacturers Omiya Fuji Kogyo; chassis builders Utsunomiya Sharyo and the Tokyo Fuji Dangyo trading company. Title: American Brass Company Passage: The American Brass Company was an American brass manufacturing company based in Connecticut and active from 1893 to 1960. The company's predecessors were the Wolcottville Brass Company and the Ansonia Brass and Battery Company. It was the first large brass manufacturing firm in the United States, and for much of its existence was the largest brass manufacturer in the country. It was purchased by the Anaconda Copper Company in 1922, and merged into Anaconda's other brass manufacturing concerns (losing its identity and name in the process) in 1960.	[ "Macintosh", "Dell" ]
2hop__2416_53663	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A \"beer engine\" is a device for pumping beer, originally manually operated and typically used to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar.", "title": "Pub" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Where CHP is not used, steam turbines in power stations use surface condensers as a cold sink. The condensers are cooled by water flow from oceans, rivers, lakes, and often by cooling towers which evaporate water to provide cooling energy removal. The resulting condensed hot water output from the condenser is then put back into the boiler via a pump. A dry type cooling tower is similar to an automobile radiator and is used in locations where water is costly. Evaporative (wet) cooling towers use the rejected heat to evaporate water; this water is kept separate from the condensate, which circulates in a closed system and returns to the boiler. Such towers often have visible plumes due to the evaporated water condensing into droplets carried up by the warm air. Evaporative cooling towers need less water flow than \"once-through\" cooling by river or lake water; a 700 megawatt coal-fired power plant may use about 3600 cubic metres of make-up water every hour for evaporative cooling, but would need about twenty times as much if cooled by river water.[citation needed]", "title": "Steam engine" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On June 20, 1854, the United States Patent Office issued Patent No. 11,135 to O.H. Needham for a breast pump. Scientific American (1863) credits L.O. Colbin as the inventor and patent applicant of a breast pump. In 1921 - 23, engineer and chess master Edward Lasker produced a mechanical breast pump that imitated an infant's sucking action and was regarded by physicians as a marked improvement on existing hand - operated breast pumps, which failed to remove all the milk from the breast. The U.S. Patent Office issued U.S. Patent 1,644,257 for Lasker's breast pump. In 1956 Einar Egnell published his groundbreaking work, ``Viewpoints on what happens mechanically in the female breast during various methods of milk collection ''. This article provided insight into the technical aspects of milk extraction from the breast. Many Egnell SMB breast pumps designed through this research are still in operation over 50 years after publication.", "title": "Breast pump" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The London Gazette of 17 March 1691 published a patent in favour of John Lofting for a fire engine, but remarked upon and recommended another invention of his, for a beer pump:", "title": "Pub" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Shuman built the world’s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields. Although the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil in the 1930s discouraged the advancement of solar energy, Shuman’s vision and basic design were resurrected in the 1970s with a new wave of interest in solar thermal energy. In 1916 Shuman was quoted in the media advocating solar energy's utilization, saying:", "title": "Solar energy" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tyazhely Sputnik was launched at 01:18:03 UTC on 4 February 1961, atop a Molniya 8K78 carrier rocket flying from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. When the upper stage ignited, cavitation in the liquid oxygen flowing through the oxidiser pump caused the pump to fail, resulting in an engine failure eight-tenths of a second after ignition. It reentered the atmosphere over Siberia on 26 February 1961.", "title": "Tyazhely Sputnik" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ottawa Waterworks Building is a historic waterworks in eastern Ottawa, Ohio, United States. Built in 1904, it is Putnam County's oldest water pumping facility; as the first significant water-related public works project in Ottawa, it enabled the creation of a municipal water system in the village. In its earliest years, the waterworks sheltered equipment used to pump water from municipal wells.", "title": "Ottawa Waterworks Building" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Petite Creuse (, the small Creuse) is a long river in Allier and Creuse departments, in central France. Its source is at Treignat, southeast of the village. It is a left tributary of the Creuse River into which it flows at Fresselines. The river is dammed at several locations creating valley lakes that are extensively used for recreation, such as fishing, boating and swimming. The dams are used to generate electricity and to supply water treatment plants providing drinking water to local communities.", "title": "Petite Creuse" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lam Takhong Dam (; ) is an embankment dam on the Lam Takhong River between Pak Chong District and Sikhio District in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. The dam was originally constructed in 1974 for the purposes of irrigation and water supply but after 2002, its water storage also serves as the lower reservoir for the Lam Takhong pumped storage power plant, Thailand's first power plant of that type.", "title": "Lam Takhong Dam" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first commercially successful true engine, in that it could generate power and transmit it to a machine, was the atmospheric engine, invented by Thomas Newcomen around 1712. It was an improvement over Savery's steam pump, using a piston as proposed by Papin. Newcomen's engine was relatively inefficient, and in most cases was used for pumping water. It worked by creating a partial vacuum by condensing steam under a piston within a cylinder. It was employed for draining mine workings at depths hitherto impossible, and also for providing a reusable water supply for driving waterwheels at factories sited away from a suitable \"head\". Water that had passed over the wheel was pumped back up into a storage reservoir above the wheel.", "title": "Steam engine" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Nile (Arabic: النيل ‎) is a major north - flowing river in northeastern Africa, and is commonly regarded as the longest river in the world, though some sources cite the Amazon River as the longest. The Nile, which is 6,853 km (4,258 miles) long, is an ``international ''river as its drainage basin covers eleven countries, namely, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Republic of the Sudan and Egypt. In particular, the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt and Sudan.", "title": "Nile" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River.", "title": "Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mamaroneck River is a freshwater stream located in Southern Westchester County, New York. The river forms in White Plains and Harrison and flows south through Mamaroneck Town and Village, where it empties into Mamaroneck Harbor and Long Island Sound. The name of the river comes from a local native American word meaning, \"where the fresh water meets the salt water.\" The river flows into Long Island Sound.", "title": "Mamaroneck River" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mekong is a trans-boundary river in Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth longest river and the seventh longest in Asia. Its estimated length is , and it drains an area of , discharging of water annually.", "title": "Mekong" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The water cribs in Chicago are structures built to house and protect offshore water intakes used to supply the City of Chicago with drinking water from Lake Michigan. Water is collected and transported through tunnels located close to 200 feet beneath the lake, varying in shape from circular to oval, and ranging in diameter from 10 to 20 feet. The tunnels lead from the cribs to one of two water purification plants located onshore, the Jardine Water Purification Plant (the world's largest) and the Eugene Sawyer Water Purification Plant, where the water is then treated before being pumped to all parts of the city as well as 118 suburbs.", "title": "Water cribs in Chicago" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Belmeken Hydro Power Plant is an active pumped storage hydro power project in the eastern Rila mountains, Bulgaria. It receives its water from the Belmeken Reservoir and has 5 individual turbines with a nominal output of around which can deliver up to of power, as well as 2 pumps with an installed capacity of 104 MW. It is part of the Belmeken-Chaira-Sestrimo Hydropower Cascade.", "title": "Belmeken Hydro Power Plant" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "To prevent further loss of groundwater, Tucson has been involved in water conservation and groundwater preservation efforts, shifting away from its reliance on a series of Tucson area wells in favor of conservation, consumption-based pricing for residential and commercial water use, and new wells in the more sustainable Avra Valley aquifer, northwest of the city. An allocation from the Central Arizona Project Aqueduct (CAP), which passes more than 300 mi (480 km) across the desert from the Colorado River, has been incorporated into the city's water supply, annually providing over 20 million gallons of \"recharged\" water which is pumped into the ground to replenish water pumped out. Since 2001, CAP water has allowed the city to remove or turn off over 80 wells.", "title": "Tucson, Arizona" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is now owned by the West View Water Authority and is used primarily to pump water from the Ohio River, which then goes on to be purified and is used by the surrounding communities for drinking.", "title": "Davis Island Lock and Dam Site" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bloemhoek Dam, is an earth-fill type dam located on a small river called Jordaan Spruit close to Kroonstad, Free State, province South Africa. It is part of the Vals River System. The Serfontein Dam, which is almost completely silted-up, releases water directly into the Vals River from where it is pumped into the Bloemhoek Dam, for supply to the urban area of Kroonstad. Its main purpose is for municipal and industrial use.", "title": "Bloemhoek Dam" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paris in its early history had only the Seine and Bièvre rivers for water. From 1809, the Canal de l'Ourcq provided Paris with water from less-polluted rivers to the north-east of the capital. From 1857, the civil engineer Eugène Belgrand, under Napoleon III, oversaw the construction of a series of new aqueducts that brought water from locations all around the city to several reservoirs built atop the Capital's highest points of elevation. From then on, the new reservoir system became Paris' principal source of drinking water, and the remains of the old system, pumped into lower levels of the same reservoirs, were from then on used for the cleaning of Paris' streets. This system is still a major part of Paris' modern water-supply network. Today Paris has more than 2,400 km (1,491 mi) of underground passageways dedicated to the evacuation of Paris' liquid wastes.", "title": "Paris" } ]	Where is the river that the engine pumped water from located in the world?	northeastern Africa	[ "Africa" ]	Title: Bloemhoek Dam Passage: Bloemhoek Dam, is an earth-fill type dam located on a small river called Jordaan Spruit close to Kroonstad, Free State, province South Africa. It is part of the Vals River System. The Serfontein Dam, which is almost completely silted-up, releases water directly into the Vals River from where it is pumped into the Bloemhoek Dam, for supply to the urban area of Kroonstad. Its main purpose is for municipal and industrial use. Title: Paris Passage: Paris in its early history had only the Seine and Bièvre rivers for water. From 1809, the Canal de l'Ourcq provided Paris with water from less-polluted rivers to the north-east of the capital. From 1857, the civil engineer Eugène Belgrand, under Napoleon III, oversaw the construction of a series of new aqueducts that brought water from locations all around the city to several reservoirs built atop the Capital's highest points of elevation. From then on, the new reservoir system became Paris' principal source of drinking water, and the remains of the old system, pumped into lower levels of the same reservoirs, were from then on used for the cleaning of Paris' streets. This system is still a major part of Paris' modern water-supply network. Today Paris has more than 2,400 km (1,491 mi) of underground passageways dedicated to the evacuation of Paris' liquid wastes. Title: Ottawa Waterworks Building Passage: The Ottawa Waterworks Building is a historic waterworks in eastern Ottawa, Ohio, United States. Built in 1904, it is Putnam County's oldest water pumping facility; as the first significant water-related public works project in Ottawa, it enabled the creation of a municipal water system in the village. In its earliest years, the waterworks sheltered equipment used to pump water from municipal wells. Title: Tucson, Arizona Passage: To prevent further loss of groundwater, Tucson has been involved in water conservation and groundwater preservation efforts, shifting away from its reliance on a series of Tucson area wells in favor of conservation, consumption-based pricing for residential and commercial water use, and new wells in the more sustainable Avra Valley aquifer, northwest of the city. An allocation from the Central Arizona Project Aqueduct (CAP), which passes more than 300 mi (480 km) across the desert from the Colorado River, has been incorporated into the city's water supply, annually providing over 20 million gallons of "recharged" water which is pumped into the ground to replenish water pumped out. Since 2001, CAP water has allowed the city to remove or turn off over 80 wells. Title: Petite Creuse Passage: The Petite Creuse (, the small Creuse) is a long river in Allier and Creuse departments, in central France. Its source is at Treignat, southeast of the village. It is a left tributary of the Creuse River into which it flows at Fresselines. The river is dammed at several locations creating valley lakes that are extensively used for recreation, such as fishing, boating and swimming. The dams are used to generate electricity and to supply water treatment plants providing drinking water to local communities. Title: Nile Passage: The Nile (Arabic: النيل ‎) is a major north - flowing river in northeastern Africa, and is commonly regarded as the longest river in the world, though some sources cite the Amazon River as the longest. The Nile, which is 6,853 km (4,258 miles) long, is an ``international ''river as its drainage basin covers eleven countries, namely, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Republic of the Sudan and Egypt. In particular, the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt and Sudan. Title: Mamaroneck River Passage: The Mamaroneck River is a freshwater stream located in Southern Westchester County, New York. The river forms in White Plains and Harrison and flows south through Mamaroneck Town and Village, where it empties into Mamaroneck Harbor and Long Island Sound. The name of the river comes from a local native American word meaning, "where the fresh water meets the salt water." The river flows into Long Island Sound. Title: Solar energy Passage: Shuman built the world’s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields. Although the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil in the 1930s discouraged the advancement of solar energy, Shuman’s vision and basic design were resurrected in the 1970s with a new wave of interest in solar thermal energy. In 1916 Shuman was quoted in the media advocating solar energy's utilization, saying: Title: Lam Takhong Dam Passage: The Lam Takhong Dam (; ) is an embankment dam on the Lam Takhong River between Pak Chong District and Sikhio District in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. The dam was originally constructed in 1974 for the purposes of irrigation and water supply but after 2002, its water storage also serves as the lower reservoir for the Lam Takhong pumped storage power plant, Thailand's first power plant of that type. Title: Water cribs in Chicago Passage: The water cribs in Chicago are structures built to house and protect offshore water intakes used to supply the City of Chicago with drinking water from Lake Michigan. Water is collected and transported through tunnels located close to 200 feet beneath the lake, varying in shape from circular to oval, and ranging in diameter from 10 to 20 feet. The tunnels lead from the cribs to one of two water purification plants located onshore, the Jardine Water Purification Plant (the world's largest) and the Eugene Sawyer Water Purification Plant, where the water is then treated before being pumped to all parts of the city as well as 118 suburbs. Title: Mekong Passage: The Mekong is a trans-boundary river in Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth longest river and the seventh longest in Asia. Its estimated length is , and it drains an area of , discharging of water annually. Title: Steam engine Passage: Where CHP is not used, steam turbines in power stations use surface condensers as a cold sink. The condensers are cooled by water flow from oceans, rivers, lakes, and often by cooling towers which evaporate water to provide cooling energy removal. The resulting condensed hot water output from the condenser is then put back into the boiler via a pump. A dry type cooling tower is similar to an automobile radiator and is used in locations where water is costly. Evaporative (wet) cooling towers use the rejected heat to evaporate water; this water is kept separate from the condensate, which circulates in a closed system and returns to the boiler. Such towers often have visible plumes due to the evaporated water condensing into droplets carried up by the warm air. Evaporative cooling towers need less water flow than "once-through" cooling by river or lake water; a 700 megawatt coal-fired power plant may use about 3600 cubic metres of make-up water every hour for evaporative cooling, but would need about twenty times as much if cooled by river water.[citation needed] Title: Pub Passage: The London Gazette of 17 March 1691 published a patent in favour of John Lofting for a fire engine, but remarked upon and recommended another invention of his, for a beer pump: Title: Breast pump Passage: On June 20, 1854, the United States Patent Office issued Patent No. 11,135 to O.H. Needham for a breast pump. Scientific American (1863) credits L.O. Colbin as the inventor and patent applicant of a breast pump. In 1921 - 23, engineer and chess master Edward Lasker produced a mechanical breast pump that imitated an infant's sucking action and was regarded by physicians as a marked improvement on existing hand - operated breast pumps, which failed to remove all the milk from the breast. The U.S. Patent Office issued U.S. Patent 1,644,257 for Lasker's breast pump. In 1956 Einar Egnell published his groundbreaking work, ``Viewpoints on what happens mechanically in the female breast during various methods of milk collection ''. This article provided insight into the technical aspects of milk extraction from the breast. Many Egnell SMB breast pumps designed through this research are still in operation over 50 years after publication. Title: Davis Island Lock and Dam Site Passage: It is now owned by the West View Water Authority and is used primarily to pump water from the Ohio River, which then goes on to be purified and is used by the surrounding communities for drinking. Title: Tyazhely Sputnik Passage: Tyazhely Sputnik was launched at 01:18:03 UTC on 4 February 1961, atop a Molniya 8K78 carrier rocket flying from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. When the upper stage ignited, cavitation in the liquid oxygen flowing through the oxidiser pump caused the pump to fail, resulting in an engine failure eight-tenths of a second after ignition. It reentered the atmosphere over Siberia on 26 February 1961. Title: Pub Passage: A "beer engine" is a device for pumping beer, originally manually operated and typically used to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar. Title: Belmeken Hydro Power Plant Passage: The Belmeken Hydro Power Plant is an active pumped storage hydro power project in the eastern Rila mountains, Bulgaria. It receives its water from the Belmeken Reservoir and has 5 individual turbines with a nominal output of around which can deliver up to of power, as well as 2 pumps with an installed capacity of 104 MW. It is part of the Belmeken-Chaira-Sestrimo Hydropower Cascade. Title: Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire) Passage: Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River. Title: Steam engine Passage: The first commercially successful true engine, in that it could generate power and transmit it to a machine, was the atmospheric engine, invented by Thomas Newcomen around 1712. It was an improvement over Savery's steam pump, using a piston as proposed by Papin. Newcomen's engine was relatively inefficient, and in most cases was used for pumping water. It worked by creating a partial vacuum by condensing steam under a piston within a cylinder. It was employed for draining mine workings at depths hitherto impossible, and also for providing a reusable water supply for driving waterwheels at factories sited away from a suitable "head". Water that had passed over the wheel was pumped back up into a storage reservoir above the wheel.	[ "Solar energy", "Nile" ]
2hop__28203_55840	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale (Albert Victor Christian Edward; 8 January 1864 – 14 January 1892), was the eldest child of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra) and grandson of the reigning British monarch, Queen Victoria. From the time of his birth, he was second in the line of succession to the British throne, but never became king because he died before his father and grandmother.", "title": "Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The films star Sam Hui as King Kong, a master thief and martial arts expert who is aided by his bumbling sidekick, Detective Albert \"Baldy\" Au, portrayed by Karl Maka.", "title": "Aces Go Places (film series)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taylor King (born May 30, 1988) is an American retired professional basketball player. King played for the Villanova University Wildcats, where he played the forward position. King attended Mater Dei High School of Santa Ana, where he enjoyed a successful high school basketball career, posting the third highest career point total in California high school history.", "title": "Taylor King" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the loyal subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord King James, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, defender of the Faith, etc.", "title": "Mayflower Compact" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 -- 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936.", "title": "George V" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The King's Speech is a 2010 British historical drama film directed by Tom Hooper and written by David Seidler. Colin Firth plays the future King George VI who, to cope with a stammer, sees Lionel Logue, an Australian speech and language therapist played by Geoffrey Rush. The men become friends as they work together, and after his brother abdicates the throne, the new king relies on Logue to help him make his first wartime radio broadcast on Britain's declaration of war on Germany in 1939.", "title": "The King's Speech" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In May and June 1939, the King and Queen toured Canada and the United States. From Ottawa, the royal couple were accompanied throughout by Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, to present themselves in North America as King and Queen of Canada. George was the first reigning monarch of Canada to visit North America, although he had been to Canada previously as Prince Albert and as Duke of York. Both Governor General of Canada Lord Tweedsmuir and Mackenzie King hoped that the King's presence in Canada would demonstrate the principles of the Statute of Westminster 1931, which gave full sovereignty to the British Dominions. On 19 May, George VI personally accepted and approved the Letter of Credence of the new U.S. Ambassador to Canada, Daniel Calhoun Roper; gave Royal Assent to nine parliamentary bills; and ratified two international treaties with the Great Seal of Canada. The official royal tour historian, Gustave Lanctot, wrote \"the Statute of Westminster had assumed full reality\" and George gave a speech emphasising \"the free and equal association of the nations of the Commonwealth\".", "title": "George VI" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Albert assumed the regnal name \"George VI\" to emphasise continuity with his father and restore confidence in the monarchy. The beginning of George VI's reign was taken up by questions surrounding his predecessor and brother, whose titles, style and position were uncertain. He had been introduced as \"His Royal Highness Prince Edward\" for the abdication broadcast, but George VI felt that by abdicating and renouncing the succession Edward had lost the right to bear royal titles, including \"Royal Highness\". In settling the issue, George's first act as king was to confer upon his brother the title and style \"His Royal Highness The Duke of Windsor\", but the Letters Patent creating the dukedom prevented any wife or children from bearing royal styles. George VI was also forced to buy from Edward the royal residences of Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House, as these were private properties and did not pass to George VI automatically. Three days after his accession, on his 41st birthday, he invested his wife, the new queen consort, with the Order of the Garter.", "title": "George VI" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Evelyn Einstein (28 March 1941 – 13 April 2011) was the adopted daughter of Hans Albert Einstein, the son of Albert Einstein.", "title": "Evelyn Einstein" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jeffrey Dexter ``Jeff ''Boomhauer III, commonly referred to as Boomhauer, is a fictional character in the Fox animated series King of the Hill. The character is voiced by series creator Mike Judge, and is best known for his fast - paced voice and nearly incomprehensible speech.", "title": "Boomhauer" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crimthann Mór, son of Fidach , also written Crimthand Mór, was a semi-mythological king of Munster and High King of Ireland of the 4th century. He gained territory in Britain and Gaul, but died poisoned by his sister Mongfind. It is possible that he was also recognised as king of Scotland or Alba. As his Gaelic name means fox, Crimthand Mór mac Fidaig becomes Great Fox, son of Woodsman (Fidach) in English. This Crimthann is to be distinguished from two previous High Kings of Ireland of the same name, two Kings of Leinster, and another King of Munster, among others. Importantly, he is included in the Baile Chuinn Chétchathaig (summary), and is thus the last High King of Ireland from Munster until Brian Bóruma, over six hundred years later.", "title": "Crimthann mac Fidaig" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1188 Henry II of England and Philip II of France agreed to go on a crusade, and that Henry would use a white cross and Philip a red cross. 13th - century authorities are unanimous on the point that the English king adopted the white cross, and the French king the red one (and not vice versa as suggested by later use). It is not clear at what point the English exchanged the white cross for the red - on - white one.", "title": "Flag of England" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Albert Order () was created on 31 December 1850 by King Frederick Augustus II of Saxony to commemorate Albert III, Duke of Saxony (known as Albert the Bold). It was to be awarded to anyone who had served the state well, for civil virtue, science and art.", "title": "Albert Order" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The SCLC announced the campaign on December 4, 1967. King delivered a speech which identified ``a kind of social insanity which could lead to national ruin. ''In January 1968, the SCLC created and distributed an`` Economic Fact Sheet'' with statistics explaining why the campaign was necessary. King avoided providing specific details about the campaign and attempted to redirect media attention to the values at stake. The Poor People's Campaign held firm to the movement's commitment to non-violence. ``We are custodians of the philosophy of non-violence, ''said King at a press conference.`` And it has worked''. King originally wanted the Poor People's Campaign to start in Quitman County, Mississippi because of the intense and visible economic disparity there.", "title": "Poor People's Campaign" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Clarence King, located in the Kings Canyon National Park, is named for Clarence King, who worked on the Whitney Survey, the first geological survey of California. King later became the first chief of the United States Geological Survey.", "title": "Mount Clarence King" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ashur-nirari V was a son of Adad-nirari III, and preceded by his brother, Ashur-dan III. He inherited a difficult situation from his predecessor. The Assyrian rulership was severely limited by the influence of court dignitaries, particularly that of Shamshi-ilu, who was the commander-in-chief (turtanu). According to the eponym canon, for four years the king was compelled to stay \"in the land.\" It was customary for the Assyrian king to campaign every year, and such an indication usually meant the kingship had been seriously weakened. In his fourth and fifth regnal years, however, he campaigned to Namri (Namar). In 746 BC, a revolt broke out again, and in the following year the throne was seized by Tiglath-Pileser III, who may have been his brother or his son, or, alternatively, a usurper with no relationship to the previous royal house at all.", "title": "Ashur-nirari V" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Except for ``Dueling Guitars '', all of August's guitar pieces were played by American guitarist - composer Kaki King. King's hands are used in close - ups for August Rush.", "title": "August Rush" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Antoine Jacob was the son of Zacharie Jacob, who was the first to adopt Montfleury as a stage name and had achieved great fame as an actor and playwright himself. Both were associated with the Hôtel de Bourgogne theatre troupe, an institution supported by King Louis XIV, and Antoine was to marry Marie-Marguerite de Soulas, daughter of the comedian Floridor in same troupe in 1665.", "title": "Antoine Jacob" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon, the current King of Thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial. She gives a stirring speech in which she tells him that she must obey her conscience rather than human law. She is not at all afraid of the death he threatens her with (and eventually carries out), but she is afraid of how her conscience will smite her if she does not do this.", "title": "Civil disobedience" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the early 19th century, the family business of William Banting of St. James’s Street, London, was among the most eminent companies of funeral directors in Britain. As funeral directors to the Royal Household itself, the Banting family conducted the funerals of King George III in 1820, King George IV in 1830, the Duke of Gloucester in 1834, the Duke of Wellington in 1852, Prince Albert in 1861, Prince Leopold in 1884, Queen Victoria in 1901, and King Edward VII in 1910. The royal undertaking warrant for the Banting family eventually ended in 1928 with the retirement of William Westport Banting.", "title": "William Banting" } ]	Who played king whose regal Name did Albert Adopt in the king's speech?	Colin Firth	[]	Title: Ashur-nirari V Passage: Ashur-nirari V was a son of Adad-nirari III, and preceded by his brother, Ashur-dan III. He inherited a difficult situation from his predecessor. The Assyrian rulership was severely limited by the influence of court dignitaries, particularly that of Shamshi-ilu, who was the commander-in-chief (turtanu). According to the eponym canon, for four years the king was compelled to stay "in the land." It was customary for the Assyrian king to campaign every year, and such an indication usually meant the kingship had been seriously weakened. In his fourth and fifth regnal years, however, he campaigned to Namri (Namar). In 746 BC, a revolt broke out again, and in the following year the throne was seized by Tiglath-Pileser III, who may have been his brother or his son, or, alternatively, a usurper with no relationship to the previous royal house at all. Title: George VI Passage: In May and June 1939, the King and Queen toured Canada and the United States. From Ottawa, the royal couple were accompanied throughout by Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, to present themselves in North America as King and Queen of Canada. George was the first reigning monarch of Canada to visit North America, although he had been to Canada previously as Prince Albert and as Duke of York. Both Governor General of Canada Lord Tweedsmuir and Mackenzie King hoped that the King's presence in Canada would demonstrate the principles of the Statute of Westminster 1931, which gave full sovereignty to the British Dominions. On 19 May, George VI personally accepted and approved the Letter of Credence of the new U.S. Ambassador to Canada, Daniel Calhoun Roper; gave Royal Assent to nine parliamentary bills; and ratified two international treaties with the Great Seal of Canada. The official royal tour historian, Gustave Lanctot, wrote "the Statute of Westminster had assumed full reality" and George gave a speech emphasising "the free and equal association of the nations of the Commonwealth". Title: Aces Go Places (film series) Passage: The films star Sam Hui as King Kong, a master thief and martial arts expert who is aided by his bumbling sidekick, Detective Albert "Baldy" Au, portrayed by Karl Maka. Title: Mayflower Compact Passage: In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the loyal subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord King James, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, defender of the Faith, etc. Title: George VI Passage: Albert assumed the regnal name "George VI" to emphasise continuity with his father and restore confidence in the monarchy. The beginning of George VI's reign was taken up by questions surrounding his predecessor and brother, whose titles, style and position were uncertain. He had been introduced as "His Royal Highness Prince Edward" for the abdication broadcast, but George VI felt that by abdicating and renouncing the succession Edward had lost the right to bear royal titles, including "Royal Highness". In settling the issue, George's first act as king was to confer upon his brother the title and style "His Royal Highness The Duke of Windsor", but the Letters Patent creating the dukedom prevented any wife or children from bearing royal styles. George VI was also forced to buy from Edward the royal residences of Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House, as these were private properties and did not pass to George VI automatically. Three days after his accession, on his 41st birthday, he invested his wife, the new queen consort, with the Order of the Garter. Title: Civil disobedience Passage: One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon, the current King of Thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial. She gives a stirring speech in which she tells him that she must obey her conscience rather than human law. She is not at all afraid of the death he threatens her with (and eventually carries out), but she is afraid of how her conscience will smite her if she does not do this. Title: Albert Order Passage: The Albert Order () was created on 31 December 1850 by King Frederick Augustus II of Saxony to commemorate Albert III, Duke of Saxony (known as Albert the Bold). It was to be awarded to anyone who had served the state well, for civil virtue, science and art. Title: The King's Speech Passage: The King's Speech is a 2010 British historical drama film directed by Tom Hooper and written by David Seidler. Colin Firth plays the future King George VI who, to cope with a stammer, sees Lionel Logue, an Australian speech and language therapist played by Geoffrey Rush. The men become friends as they work together, and after his brother abdicates the throne, the new king relies on Logue to help him make his first wartime radio broadcast on Britain's declaration of war on Germany in 1939. Title: Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale Passage: Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale (Albert Victor Christian Edward; 8 January 1864 – 14 January 1892), was the eldest child of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra) and grandson of the reigning British monarch, Queen Victoria. From the time of his birth, he was second in the line of succession to the British throne, but never became king because he died before his father and grandmother. Title: Mount Clarence King Passage: Mount Clarence King, located in the Kings Canyon National Park, is named for Clarence King, who worked on the Whitney Survey, the first geological survey of California. King later became the first chief of the United States Geological Survey. Title: Crimthann mac Fidaig Passage: Crimthann Mór, son of Fidach , also written Crimthand Mór, was a semi-mythological king of Munster and High King of Ireland of the 4th century. He gained territory in Britain and Gaul, but died poisoned by his sister Mongfind. It is possible that he was also recognised as king of Scotland or Alba. As his Gaelic name means fox, Crimthand Mór mac Fidaig becomes Great Fox, son of Woodsman (Fidach) in English. This Crimthann is to be distinguished from two previous High Kings of Ireland of the same name, two Kings of Leinster, and another King of Munster, among others. Importantly, he is included in the Baile Chuinn Chétchathaig (summary), and is thus the last High King of Ireland from Munster until Brian Bóruma, over six hundred years later. Title: August Rush Passage: Except for ``Dueling Guitars '', all of August's guitar pieces were played by American guitarist - composer Kaki King. King's hands are used in close - ups for August Rush. Title: William Banting Passage: In the early 19th century, the family business of William Banting of St. James’s Street, London, was among the most eminent companies of funeral directors in Britain. As funeral directors to the Royal Household itself, the Banting family conducted the funerals of King George III in 1820, King George IV in 1830, the Duke of Gloucester in 1834, the Duke of Wellington in 1852, Prince Albert in 1861, Prince Leopold in 1884, Queen Victoria in 1901, and King Edward VII in 1910. The royal undertaking warrant for the Banting family eventually ended in 1928 with the retirement of William Westport Banting. Title: Evelyn Einstein Passage: Evelyn Einstein (28 March 1941 – 13 April 2011) was the adopted daughter of Hans Albert Einstein, the son of Albert Einstein. Title: Poor People's Campaign Passage: The SCLC announced the campaign on December 4, 1967. King delivered a speech which identified ``a kind of social insanity which could lead to national ruin. ''In January 1968, the SCLC created and distributed an`` Economic Fact Sheet'' with statistics explaining why the campaign was necessary. King avoided providing specific details about the campaign and attempted to redirect media attention to the values at stake. The Poor People's Campaign held firm to the movement's commitment to non-violence. ``We are custodians of the philosophy of non-violence, ''said King at a press conference.`` And it has worked''. King originally wanted the Poor People's Campaign to start in Quitman County, Mississippi because of the intense and visible economic disparity there. Title: Boomhauer Passage: Jeffrey Dexter ``Jeff ''Boomhauer III, commonly referred to as Boomhauer, is a fictional character in the Fox animated series King of the Hill. The character is voiced by series creator Mike Judge, and is best known for his fast - paced voice and nearly incomprehensible speech. Title: Taylor King Passage: Taylor King (born May 30, 1988) is an American retired professional basketball player. King played for the Villanova University Wildcats, where he played the forward position. King attended Mater Dei High School of Santa Ana, where he enjoyed a successful high school basketball career, posting the third highest career point total in California high school history. Title: Antoine Jacob Passage: Antoine Jacob was the son of Zacharie Jacob, who was the first to adopt Montfleury as a stage name and had achieved great fame as an actor and playwright himself. Both were associated with the Hôtel de Bourgogne theatre troupe, an institution supported by King Louis XIV, and Antoine was to marry Marie-Marguerite de Soulas, daughter of the comedian Floridor in same troupe in 1665. Title: Flag of England Passage: In 1188 Henry II of England and Philip II of France agreed to go on a crusade, and that Henry would use a white cross and Philip a red cross. 13th - century authorities are unanimous on the point that the English king adopted the white cross, and the French king the red one (and not vice versa as suggested by later use). It is not clear at what point the English exchanged the white cross for the red - on - white one. Title: George V Passage: George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 -- 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936.	[ "The King's Speech", "George VI" ]
2hop__126188_396277	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Silvers (born in New Bremen, Ohio) is an American painter and illustrator, best known for his work in the field of wildlife art.", "title": "William Silvers" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Garth Montgomery Williams (April 16, 1912 – May 8, 1996) was a well known American illustrator for children's book/literature from the 20th century. Williams is most notable for his illustrations in classic American children's books such as \"Charlotte's Web\". William's was inspired by his parents who were both artists of some kind as well. William's attended the Westminster School of Art and the Royal Academy in London where he received his training for articular crafts and drawing. He later had received the Prix de Rome which is a high-honor French scholarship for art students, and will allow those to live and study in the Italian capital of Rome free of expenses. He eventually moved back to his birth city in New York in October 1941 to continue his works and partnering with E.B. White. Many of the books he illustrated have become classics of American children's literature. A notable exception are the illustrations he created for an adult audience in 'A Room for the Night' by Pauline Leader, Vanguard Press, 1946.", "title": "Garth Williams" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Polar Express is a children's book written and illustrated by Chris Van Allsburg and published by Houghton Mifflin in 1985. The book is now widely considered to be a classic Christmas story for young children although the point has been challenged. It was praised for its detailed illustrations and calm, relaxing storyline. For the work Van Allsburg won the annual Caldecott Medal for illustration of an American children's picture book in 1986, his second.", "title": "The Polar Express" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Doctor De Soto is a picture book for children written and illustrated by William Steig and first published in 1982. It features a mouse-dentist who must help a fox with a toothache without being eaten.", "title": "Doctor De Soto" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Fearne Bonsall (September 12, 1861 – September 25, 1956) was an American painter and illustrator. She illustrated \"The Book of Cats\" (1903), \"The Book of Dogs\", \"The Pied Piper of Hamelin\" (1927), and other books. She created illustrations for Henry Christopher McCook's \"American Spiders and their Spinningwork\". McCook credits her for making most of the illustrations for the volume. Bonsall also created illustrations for magazines. She won several awards for her works between 1885 and 1897.", "title": "Elizabeth Fearne Bonsall" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alfred Rudolph Waud (wōd) (October 2, 1828 – April 6, 1891) was an American artist and illustrator, born in London, England. He is most notable for the sketches he made as an artist correspondent during the American Civil War.", "title": "Alfred Waud" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abell 1413 is a galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue. The Abell catalogue was published by George O. Abell in 1958 while working on his PhD at California Institute of Technology. The catalogue has two different surveys. The Northern survey was done first by Abell in 1958 with the help of A.G .Wilson. The Northern Survey has 2,712 clusters, and in order for a cluster to be put into the catalogue it must pass four criteria. The first criterion is richness, and Abell divided the clusters into 6 different richness groups. Group 0 was 30-49 galaxies, Group 1 was 50-79 galaxies, Group 2 was 80-129 galaxies, Group 3 was 130 to 199 galaxies, Group 4 was 200-299 galaxies, and Group 5 was more than 299 galaxies. The second criterion was compactness .To meet this requirement a cluster must have 50 or more members in one counting radius of the cluster's center. The third criterion is distance. A cluster must have a nominal redshift between .02 and .2, which means a recessional velocity is between 6,000 and 60,000 km/s. The fourth and final criterion was galactic latitude. Areas around the milky way were excluded because it was difficult to identify galaxy clusters. The Southern survey was done in 1989 and added 1,361 clusters using the same criteria as the Northern Survey.", "title": "Abell 1413" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Florence Howell Barkley (1880-1954) was an American landscape painter and illustrator best known for depictions of seascapes in oil and watercolor and illustrations in many popular newspapers in pen and ink. During this time, she was one of few women who was able to receive formal training in the arts. Although her most well known work was created in 1912 and exhibited in 1913, her career was disrupted by World War I, and thereafter consisted mostly of freelance illustration work.", "title": "Florence Howell Barkley" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gerald Anthony Scarfe, CBE, RDI (born 1 June 1936) is an English cartoonist and illustrator. He has worked as editorial cartoonist for The Sunday Times and illustrator for The New Yorker.", "title": "Gerald Scarfe" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Abel's Island is a children's novel written and illustrated by William Steig. It won a Newbery Honor. It was published by Collin Publishers, Toronto, Ontario in 1976. It is a survival story of a mouse stranded on an island.", "title": "Abel's Island" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seth (; ; \"Sḗth\"; ; \"placed\", \"appointed\"), in Judaism, Christianity, Mandaeism, Sethianism, and Islam, was the third son of Adam and Eve and brother of Cain and Abel, their only other children mentioned by name in the Hebrew Bible. According to , Seth was born after Abel's murder, and Eve believed God had appointed him as a replacement for Abel.", "title": "Seth" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The island is divided into five nominal regions and contains 34 prefectures, including metropolitan Tokyo. Administratively, some smaller islands are included within these prefectures, notably including the Ogasawara Islands, Sado Island, Izu Ōshima, and Awaji Island.The regions and its prefectures are:", "title": "Honshu" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christian Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Syberg, generally known as Fritz Syberg, (28 July 1862, Fåborg – 20 December 1939, Kerteminde) was a Danish painter and illustrator, one of the or Funen Painters (\"Fynboerne\") living and working on the island of Funen.", "title": "Fritz Syberg" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Flora Graeca was a publication of the plants of Greece in the late 18th century, resulting from a survey by John Sibthorp and Ferdinand Bauer. The botanical descriptions and illustrations were to become highly valued by the English audience; the finely crafted and illustrated work was of both scientific and horticultural interest.", "title": "Flora Graeca" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harriet Morgan (1830 – 16 August 1907) née Scott was one of 19th century Australia’s most prominent natural history illustrators and, along with her sister Helena Scott, was possibly one of the first professional female illustrators in Australia. The sisters were also highly skilled amateur naturalists and collectors, rare accomplishments for women of their time. They were most notable for their magnificent drawings of moths and butterflies for the publication of the first volume of their father Alexander Walker Scott’s work \"Australian Lepidoptera and Their Transformations\".", "title": "Harriet Morgan" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Colonel Welton Ralph Abell (May 17, 1922 – April 26, 1998) was a United States Marine Corps officer serving in the Korean War, as well as a former advertising executive. Abell was a recipient of the navy's second-highest decoration — the Navy Cross — for combat valor in the Korean War.", "title": "Welton Ralph Abell" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Homer \"Pete\" Abele graduated from Wellston High School in his birthplace of Wellston, Ohio in 1934. From 1935 to 1936, he served in the Civilian Conservation Corps. From 1938 to 1941, he lived in Lancaster, Ohio and McArthur, Ohio, working for the Anchor Hocking Glass Corp. and the Austin Powder Co.", "title": "Pete Abele" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gold Harbour, was a gold and silver mine and camp on Mitchell Inlet, part of Tasu Sound on Moresby Island in the Queen Charlotte Islands of the North Coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is notable as the location of the first lode mine worked in what is now British Columbia.", "title": "Gold Harbour, British Columbia" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Blake illustrated \"Paradise Lost\" more often than any other work by John Milton, and illustrated Milton's work more often than that of any other writer. The illustrations demonstrate his critical engagement with the text, specifically his efforts to redeem the \"errors\" he perceived in his predecessor's work.", "title": "William Blake's illustrations of Paradise Lost" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The son of illustrator and animator Gene Deitch, Kim Deitch has sometimes worked with his brothers Simon Deitch and Seth Deitch.", "title": "Kim Deitch" } ]	The author of Abel's Island wrote what 1982 book featuring a mouse-dentist?	Doctor De Soto	[]	Title: Gerald Scarfe Passage: Gerald Anthony Scarfe, CBE, RDI (born 1 June 1936) is an English cartoonist and illustrator. He has worked as editorial cartoonist for The Sunday Times and illustrator for The New Yorker. Title: The Polar Express Passage: The Polar Express is a children's book written and illustrated by Chris Van Allsburg and published by Houghton Mifflin in 1985. The book is now widely considered to be a classic Christmas story for young children although the point has been challenged. It was praised for its detailed illustrations and calm, relaxing storyline. For the work Van Allsburg won the annual Caldecott Medal for illustration of an American children's picture book in 1986, his second. Title: Welton Ralph Abell Passage: Colonel Welton Ralph Abell (May 17, 1922 – April 26, 1998) was a United States Marine Corps officer serving in the Korean War, as well as a former advertising executive. Abell was a recipient of the navy's second-highest decoration — the Navy Cross — for combat valor in the Korean War. Title: Abell 1413 Passage: Abell 1413 is a galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue. The Abell catalogue was published by George O. Abell in 1958 while working on his PhD at California Institute of Technology. The catalogue has two different surveys. The Northern survey was done first by Abell in 1958 with the help of A.G .Wilson. The Northern Survey has 2,712 clusters, and in order for a cluster to be put into the catalogue it must pass four criteria. The first criterion is richness, and Abell divided the clusters into 6 different richness groups. Group 0 was 30-49 galaxies, Group 1 was 50-79 galaxies, Group 2 was 80-129 galaxies, Group 3 was 130 to 199 galaxies, Group 4 was 200-299 galaxies, and Group 5 was more than 299 galaxies. The second criterion was compactness .To meet this requirement a cluster must have 50 or more members in one counting radius of the cluster's center. The third criterion is distance. A cluster must have a nominal redshift between .02 and .2, which means a recessional velocity is between 6,000 and 60,000 km/s. The fourth and final criterion was galactic latitude. Areas around the milky way were excluded because it was difficult to identify galaxy clusters. The Southern survey was done in 1989 and added 1,361 clusters using the same criteria as the Northern Survey. Title: Garth Williams Passage: Garth Montgomery Williams (April 16, 1912 – May 8, 1996) was a well known American illustrator for children's book/literature from the 20th century. Williams is most notable for his illustrations in classic American children's books such as "Charlotte's Web". William's was inspired by his parents who were both artists of some kind as well. William's attended the Westminster School of Art and the Royal Academy in London where he received his training for articular crafts and drawing. He later had received the Prix de Rome which is a high-honor French scholarship for art students, and will allow those to live and study in the Italian capital of Rome free of expenses. He eventually moved back to his birth city in New York in October 1941 to continue his works and partnering with E.B. White. Many of the books he illustrated have become classics of American children's literature. A notable exception are the illustrations he created for an adult audience in 'A Room for the Night' by Pauline Leader, Vanguard Press, 1946. Title: Honshu Passage: The island is divided into five nominal regions and contains 34 prefectures, including metropolitan Tokyo. Administratively, some smaller islands are included within these prefectures, notably including the Ogasawara Islands, Sado Island, Izu Ōshima, and Awaji Island.The regions and its prefectures are: Title: Gold Harbour, British Columbia Passage: Gold Harbour, was a gold and silver mine and camp on Mitchell Inlet, part of Tasu Sound on Moresby Island in the Queen Charlotte Islands of the North Coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is notable as the location of the first lode mine worked in what is now British Columbia. Title: Kim Deitch Passage: The son of illustrator and animator Gene Deitch, Kim Deitch has sometimes worked with his brothers Simon Deitch and Seth Deitch. Title: Seth Passage: Seth (; ; "Sḗth"; ; "placed", "appointed"), in Judaism, Christianity, Mandaeism, Sethianism, and Islam, was the third son of Adam and Eve and brother of Cain and Abel, their only other children mentioned by name in the Hebrew Bible. According to , Seth was born after Abel's murder, and Eve believed God had appointed him as a replacement for Abel. Title: Abel's Island Passage: Abel's Island is a children's novel written and illustrated by William Steig. It won a Newbery Honor. It was published by Collin Publishers, Toronto, Ontario in 1976. It is a survival story of a mouse stranded on an island. Title: Alfred Waud Passage: Alfred Rudolph Waud (wōd) (October 2, 1828 – April 6, 1891) was an American artist and illustrator, born in London, England. He is most notable for the sketches he made as an artist correspondent during the American Civil War. Title: Florence Howell Barkley Passage: Florence Howell Barkley (1880-1954) was an American landscape painter and illustrator best known for depictions of seascapes in oil and watercolor and illustrations in many popular newspapers in pen and ink. During this time, she was one of few women who was able to receive formal training in the arts. Although her most well known work was created in 1912 and exhibited in 1913, her career was disrupted by World War I, and thereafter consisted mostly of freelance illustration work. Title: Doctor De Soto Passage: Doctor De Soto is a picture book for children written and illustrated by William Steig and first published in 1982. It features a mouse-dentist who must help a fox with a toothache without being eaten. Title: Pete Abele Passage: Homer "Pete" Abele graduated from Wellston High School in his birthplace of Wellston, Ohio in 1934. From 1935 to 1936, he served in the Civilian Conservation Corps. From 1938 to 1941, he lived in Lancaster, Ohio and McArthur, Ohio, working for the Anchor Hocking Glass Corp. and the Austin Powder Co. Title: Elizabeth Fearne Bonsall Passage: Elizabeth Fearne Bonsall (September 12, 1861 – September 25, 1956) was an American painter and illustrator. She illustrated "The Book of Cats" (1903), "The Book of Dogs", "The Pied Piper of Hamelin" (1927), and other books. She created illustrations for Henry Christopher McCook's "American Spiders and their Spinningwork". McCook credits her for making most of the illustrations for the volume. Bonsall also created illustrations for magazines. She won several awards for her works between 1885 and 1897. Title: William Silvers Passage: William Silvers (born in New Bremen, Ohio) is an American painter and illustrator, best known for his work in the field of wildlife art. Title: William Blake's illustrations of Paradise Lost Passage: William Blake illustrated "Paradise Lost" more often than any other work by John Milton, and illustrated Milton's work more often than that of any other writer. The illustrations demonstrate his critical engagement with the text, specifically his efforts to redeem the "errors" he perceived in his predecessor's work. Title: Flora Graeca Passage: Flora Graeca was a publication of the plants of Greece in the late 18th century, resulting from a survey by John Sibthorp and Ferdinand Bauer. The botanical descriptions and illustrations were to become highly valued by the English audience; the finely crafted and illustrated work was of both scientific and horticultural interest. Title: Harriet Morgan Passage: Harriet Morgan (1830 – 16 August 1907) née Scott was one of 19th century Australia’s most prominent natural history illustrators and, along with her sister Helena Scott, was possibly one of the first professional female illustrators in Australia. The sisters were also highly skilled amateur naturalists and collectors, rare accomplishments for women of their time. They were most notable for their magnificent drawings of moths and butterflies for the publication of the first volume of their father Alexander Walker Scott’s work "Australian Lepidoptera and Their Transformations". Title: Fritz Syberg Passage: Christian Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Syberg, generally known as Fritz Syberg, (28 July 1862, Fåborg – 20 December 1939, Kerteminde) was a Danish painter and illustrator, one of the or Funen Painters ("Fynboerne") living and working on the island of Funen.	[ "Doctor De Soto", "Abel's Island" ]
2hop__216535_370666	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list.", "title": "Taputapuatea" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "title": "Pangi Territory" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "title": "Tumaraa" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Alain Lascoux (October 17, 1944 – October 20, 2013) was a French mathematician at the University of Marne la Vallée and Nankai University. His research was primarily in algebraic combinatorics, particularly Hecke algebras and Young tableaux.", "title": "Alain Lascoux" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "HM Prison Tarrengower is a women's prison located in Maldon, Victoria, Australia. It focuses on release preparation for the women, and provides them with programs and employment opportunities, also allowing them to build confidence and skill sets when it comes to gaining and maintaining employment both whilst in custody and also upon their release.", "title": "HM Prison Tarrengower" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tian Yunzhang (田蕴章;born in May 1, 1945 in Tianjin, China) is a Chinese calligrapher and a calligraphy professor of Nankai University.", "title": "Tian Yunzhang" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District.", "title": "Pak Tam Chung" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) is ``an organizational element of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs ''. The Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) is responsible for administering the Department's programs that provide financial and other forms of assistance to Veterans, their dependents, and survivors. Major benefits include Veterans' compensation, Veterans' pension, survivors' benefits, rehabilitation and employment assistance, education assistance, home loan guaranties, and life insurance coverage.", "title": "Veterans Benefits Administration" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "title": "Australia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "title": "Minsk Region" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level.", "title": "List of territorial entities where English is an official language" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pettai is a panchayat village and revenue village in Pondicherry Union Territory, India. Administratively, Pettai is under the Thirunallar Taluk (formerly Thirunallar Commune Panchayat) of Karaikal District, Pondicherry Union Territory. Pettai is situated on the banks of the Arasalar River, to the west of Karaikal town and south of Thirunallar.", "title": "Pettai, Karaikal" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Samuel Estreicher (born 1948) is Dwight D. Opperman Professor of Law at New York University School of Law, director of its Center for Labor and Employment and co-director of its Institute of Judicial Administration. He has published scores of articles and several books on labor law, employment law, employment discrimination law, U.S. foreign relations law, international law, and Supreme Court decisionmaking.", "title": "Samuel Estreicher" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "title": "States of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In mathematics, a Young tableau (; plural: tableaux) is a combinatorial object useful in representation theory and Schubert calculus. It provides a convenient way to describe the group representations of the symmetric and general linear groups and to study their properties. Young tableaux were introduced by Alfred Young, a mathematician at Cambridge University, in 1900. They were then applied to the study of the symmetric group by Georg Frobenius in 1903. Their theory was further developed by many mathematicians, including Percy MacMahon, W. V. D. Hodge, G. de B. Robinson, Gian-Carlo Rota, Alain Lascoux, Marcel-Paul Schützenberger and Richard P. Stanley.", "title": "Young tableau" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town.", "title": "Saulkrasti Municipality" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alain Terzian (born 2 May 1949) is a French-Armenian film producer, Administrator of Cannes Film Festival jury, President of Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma. He is the chief executive officer of \"Alter Films\" and the President of Union of French Producers, UPF.", "title": "Alain Terzian" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population.", "title": "Krasnovishersky District" } ]	In what city is Alain Lascoux's employer located?	Tianjin	[]	Title: Saulkrasti Municipality Passage: Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town. Title: Pak Tam Chung Passage: Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District. Title: Federalism Passage: Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a "little constitution", called "organic law" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly. Title: Alain Lascoux Passage: Alain Lascoux (October 17, 1944 – October 20, 2013) was a French mathematician at the University of Marne la Vallée and Nankai University. His research was primarily in algebraic combinatorics, particularly Hecke algebras and Young tableaux. Title: HM Prison Tarrengower Passage: HM Prison Tarrengower is a women's prison located in Maldon, Victoria, Australia. It focuses on release preparation for the women, and provides them with programs and employment opportunities, also allowing them to build confidence and skill sets when it comes to gaining and maintaining employment both whilst in custody and also upon their release. Title: Taputapuatea Passage: Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list. Title: List of territorial entities where English is an official language Passage: The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level. Title: Young tableau Passage: In mathematics, a Young tableau (; plural: tableaux) is a combinatorial object useful in representation theory and Schubert calculus. It provides a convenient way to describe the group representations of the symmetric and general linear groups and to study their properties. Young tableaux were introduced by Alfred Young, a mathematician at Cambridge University, in 1900. They were then applied to the study of the symmetric group by Georg Frobenius in 1903. Their theory was further developed by many mathematicians, including Percy MacMahon, W. V. D. Hodge, G. de B. Robinson, Gian-Carlo Rota, Alain Lascoux, Marcel-Paul Schützenberger and Richard P. Stanley. Title: Tumaraa Passage: Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea. Title: Veterans Benefits Administration Passage: The Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) is ``an organizational element of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs ''. The Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) is responsible for administering the Department's programs that provide financial and other forms of assistance to Veterans, their dependents, and survivors. Major benefits include Veterans' compensation, Veterans' pension, survivors' benefits, rehabilitation and employment assistance, education assistance, home loan guaranties, and life insurance coverage. Title: Krasnovishersky District Passage: Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population. Title: Minsk Region Passage: Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, "Minskaja vobłasć" ; , "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500. Title: States of Nigeria Passage: A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments. Title: Pettai, Karaikal Passage: Pettai is a panchayat village and revenue village in Pondicherry Union Territory, India. Administratively, Pettai is under the Thirunallar Taluk (formerly Thirunallar Commune Panchayat) of Karaikal District, Pondicherry Union Territory. Pettai is situated on the banks of the Arasalar River, to the west of Karaikal town and south of Thirunallar. Title: Australia Passage: Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales. Title: Pangi Territory Passage: Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi. Title: Samuel Estreicher Passage: Samuel Estreicher (born 1948) is Dwight D. Opperman Professor of Law at New York University School of Law, director of its Center for Labor and Employment and co-director of its Institute of Judicial Administration. He has published scores of articles and several books on labor law, employment law, employment discrimination law, U.S. foreign relations law, international law, and Supreme Court decisionmaking. Title: Alain Terzian Passage: Alain Terzian (born 2 May 1949) is a French-Armenian film producer, Administrator of Cannes Film Festival jury, President of Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma. He is the chief executive officer of "Alter Films" and the President of Union of French Producers, UPF. Title: Cyprus Popular Bank Passage: Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group. Title: Tian Yunzhang Passage: Tian Yunzhang (田蕴章;born in May 1, 1945 in Tianjin, China) is a Chinese calligrapher and a calligraphy professor of Nankai University.	[ "Alain Lascoux", "Tian Yunzhang" ]
2hop__367318_7292	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label. The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn.", "title": "Jazz Contemporary" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances with Ernie Henry recorded in 1957 and released on the Riverside label. This was Henry's last recording session.", "title": "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "M.F. Horn Two is a 1972 big band jazz album by Canadian jazz trumpeter Maynard Ferguson. It features cover versions of many songs that were popular in the years leading up to its production, including: \"Theme from Shaft\" by Isaac Hayes, \"Country Road\" by James Taylor, \"Mother\" by John Lennon, \"Spinning Wheel\" by David Clayton-Thomas and \"Hey Jude\" by The Beatles. It also features a track called \"Free Wheeler\" written by another highly regarded jazz trumpeter and flugelhorn player, Kenny Wheeler.", "title": "M.F. Horn Two" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seattle is considered the home of grunge music, having produced artists such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Mudhoney, all of whom reached international audiences in the early 1990s. The city is also home to such varied artists as avant-garde jazz musicians Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz, hot jazz musician Glenn Crytzer, hip hop artists Sir Mix-a-Lot, Macklemore, Blue Scholars, and Shabazz Palaces, smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G, classic rock staples Heart and Queensrÿche, and alternative rock bands such as Foo Fighters, Harvey Danger, The Presidents of the United States of America, The Posies, Modest Mouse, Band of Horses, Death Cab for Cutie, and Fleet Foxes. Rock musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, Duff McKagan, and Nikki Sixx spent their formative years in Seattle.", "title": "Seattle" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``I've Got You Under My Skin ''is a song written by Cole Porter in 1936. It was introduced in the Eleanor Powell MGM musical Born to Dance, in which it was performed by Virginia Bruce. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song that year. It became a signature song for Frank Sinatra and, in 1966, became a top 10 hit for the Four Seasons. The song has been recorded by many leading pop artists and jazz musicians over the years.", "title": "I've Got You Under My Skin" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Borat's Television Programme is a two-part compilation spin-off of \"Da Ali G Show\" by British television station Channel 4. The show features Borat Sagdiyev (, ) in the United States learning about the local culture and customs, much in the vein of the later movie \"Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan\". The two episodes contain Borat and Brüno segments from \"Ali G in da USA\", along with new and unseen interviews and shenanigans.", "title": "Borat's Television Programme" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In its early years of existence, the smooth jazz format was considered to be a form of AC, although it was mainly instrumental, and related a stronger resemblance to the soft AC-styled music. For many years, artists like George Benson, Kenny G and Dave Koz had crossover hits that were played on both smooth jazz and soft AC stations.", "title": "Adult contemporary music" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Golden 8 is an album by American jazz drummer Kenny Clarke and Belgian jazz composer and pianist Francy Boland recorded in Köln in 1961 and released on the Blue Note label. The album established the relationship which led to the formation of the Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band.", "title": "The Golden 8" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arturo Tappin is a smooth jazz and jazz/reggae saxophonist from Barbados. He has performed with Roberta Flack, Monty Alexander, and on an album by Luther Vandross.", "title": "Arturo Tappin" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Soul Train was an American music - dance television program which aired in syndication from October 2, 1971 to March 25, 2006. In its 35 - year history, the show primarily featured performances by R&B, soul, dance / pop and hip hop artists, although funk, jazz, disco and gospel artists also appeared. The series was created by Don Cornelius, who also served as its first host and executive producer.", "title": "Soul Train" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Una Mas, on the front cover titled \"Una Mas (One More Time)\", is a jazz album by trumpeter Kenny Dorham and his quintet, released in 1963 on Blue Note as BLP 4127 and BST 84127. The album would be the next-to-last studio session led by the trumpeter, since after 1964, he began to fade and disappear from the jazz scenes. \"Una Mas\" features three compositions by Dorham himself and the jazz ballad \"If Ever I Would Leave You\", originally composed by Loewe/Lerner for the musical \"Camelot\".", "title": "Una Mas" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Dance is the fifth studio album by saxophone player Dave Koz. It was released by Capitol Records on September 28, 1999. The album peaked at number 2 on Billboard Top Contemporary Jazz Albums chart. The album has been sold more than 500,000 copies and was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).", "title": "The Dance (Dave Koz album)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Reese and the Smooth Ones is a 1969 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded in Paris for the French BYG Actuel label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell and Malachi Favors Maghostut.", "title": "Reese and the Smooth Ones" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label.", "title": "Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seeds from the Underground is a studio album by Kenny Garrett. It was released on April 10, 2012, on Mack Avenue Records and received two Grammy nominations in Best Jazz Instrumental Album and Best Improvised Jazz Solo categories, as well as a NAACP Image Award nomination in Outstanding Jazz Album category, a Soul Train Award nomination in Best Traditional Jazz Artist/Group category, a Jazz Awards nomination for Alto Saxophonist of the Year and an Echo Award win in the Saxophonist of the Year category.", "title": "Seeds from the Underground" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "El Club de Los Tigritos is a Spanish-language children's variety program originating in Venezuela on the Venevision television network beginning in 1994, and syndicated to other stations and networks around the world. In 2000, the show became \"Rugemania\". The show was notable for featuring almost entirely children and teenagers as performers and hosts, and it consisted of various segments of singing, dancing, and acting. The dance group was known as the Ballet de Marjorie Flores after its teacher and choreographer.", "title": "El Club de Los Tigritos" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541.", "title": "Tijuana Jazz" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Millennium Dance Complex is a dance studio founded in 1992 located in the NOHO Arts District of Los Angeles. \"Dance Teacher\" magazine called it \"...one of the top schools in the country\" Millennium offers classes daily in jazz dance, hip-hop, tap, and contemporary dance. Performers such as Britney Spears, Janet Jackson, Justin Timberlake, Usher, Jennifer Lopez, Christina Aguilera, Kenny Ortega, P. Diddy, Beyoncé, Samuel_(singer), NCT 127 and Ateez have taken a class or had rehearsals at this studio.", "title": "The Millennium Dance Complex" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barefoot on the Beach is a smooth jazz album by American singer-songwriter Michael Franks, released in 1999 by Windham Hill Records.", "title": "Barefoot on the Beach" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Jazz Skyline is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1956 and released on the Savoy label.", "title": "The Jazz Skyline" } ]	What artist was featured on Smooth Jazz Stations, along with Kenny G and the performer of The Dance?	George Benson	[]	Title: Tijuana Jazz Passage: Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541. Title: The Dance (Dave Koz album) Passage: The Dance is the fifth studio album by saxophone player Dave Koz. It was released by Capitol Records on September 28, 1999. The album peaked at number 2 on Billboard Top Contemporary Jazz Albums chart. The album has been sold more than 500,000 copies and was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Title: M.F. Horn Two Passage: M.F. Horn Two is a 1972 big band jazz album by Canadian jazz trumpeter Maynard Ferguson. It features cover versions of many songs that were popular in the years leading up to its production, including: "Theme from Shaft" by Isaac Hayes, "Country Road" by James Taylor, "Mother" by John Lennon, "Spinning Wheel" by David Clayton-Thomas and "Hey Jude" by The Beatles. It also features a track called "Free Wheeler" written by another highly regarded jazz trumpeter and flugelhorn player, Kenny Wheeler. Title: Arturo Tappin Passage: Arturo Tappin is a smooth jazz and jazz/reggae saxophonist from Barbados. He has performed with Roberta Flack, Monty Alexander, and on an album by Luther Vandross. Title: Reese and the Smooth Ones Passage: Reese and the Smooth Ones is a 1969 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded in Paris for the French BYG Actuel label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell and Malachi Favors Maghostut. Title: Seattle Passage: Seattle is considered the home of grunge music, having produced artists such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Mudhoney, all of whom reached international audiences in the early 1990s. The city is also home to such varied artists as avant-garde jazz musicians Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz, hot jazz musician Glenn Crytzer, hip hop artists Sir Mix-a-Lot, Macklemore, Blue Scholars, and Shabazz Palaces, smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G, classic rock staples Heart and Queensrÿche, and alternative rock bands such as Foo Fighters, Harvey Danger, The Presidents of the United States of America, The Posies, Modest Mouse, Band of Horses, Death Cab for Cutie, and Fleet Foxes. Rock musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, Duff McKagan, and Nikki Sixx spent their formative years in Seattle. Title: Barefoot on the Beach Passage: Barefoot on the Beach is a smooth jazz album by American singer-songwriter Michael Franks, released in 1999 by Windham Hill Records. Title: Soul Train Passage: Soul Train was an American music - dance television program which aired in syndication from October 2, 1971 to March 25, 2006. In its 35 - year history, the show primarily featured performances by R&B, soul, dance / pop and hip hop artists, although funk, jazz, disco and gospel artists also appeared. The series was created by Don Cornelius, who also served as its first host and executive producer. Title: Jazz Contemporary Passage: Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label. The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn. Title: Borat's Television Programme Passage: Borat's Television Programme is a two-part compilation spin-off of "Da Ali G Show" by British television station Channel 4. The show features Borat Sagdiyev (, ) in the United States learning about the local culture and customs, much in the vein of the later movie "Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan". The two episodes contain Borat and Brüno segments from "Ali G in da USA", along with new and unseen interviews and shenanigans. Title: El Club de Los Tigritos Passage: El Club de Los Tigritos is a Spanish-language children's variety program originating in Venezuela on the Venevision television network beginning in 1994, and syndicated to other stations and networks around the world. In 2000, the show became "Rugemania". The show was notable for featuring almost entirely children and teenagers as performers and hosts, and it consisted of various segments of singing, dancing, and acting. The dance group was known as the Ballet de Marjorie Flores after its teacher and choreographer. Title: The Golden 8 Passage: The Golden 8 is an album by American jazz drummer Kenny Clarke and Belgian jazz composer and pianist Francy Boland recorded in Köln in 1961 and released on the Blue Note label. The album established the relationship which led to the formation of the Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band. Title: Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album) Passage: Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label. Title: Una Mas Passage: Una Mas, on the front cover titled "Una Mas (One More Time)", is a jazz album by trumpeter Kenny Dorham and his quintet, released in 1963 on Blue Note as BLP 4127 and BST 84127. The album would be the next-to-last studio session led by the trumpeter, since after 1964, he began to fade and disappear from the jazz scenes. "Una Mas" features three compositions by Dorham himself and the jazz ballad "If Ever I Would Leave You", originally composed by Loewe/Lerner for the musical "Camelot". Title: The Jazz Skyline Passage: The Jazz Skyline is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1956 and released on the Savoy label. Title: 2 Horns / 2 Rhythm Passage: 2 Horns / 2 Rhythm is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances with Ernie Henry recorded in 1957 and released on the Riverside label. This was Henry's last recording session. Title: I've Got You Under My Skin Passage: ``I've Got You Under My Skin ''is a song written by Cole Porter in 1936. It was introduced in the Eleanor Powell MGM musical Born to Dance, in which it was performed by Virginia Bruce. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song that year. It became a signature song for Frank Sinatra and, in 1966, became a top 10 hit for the Four Seasons. The song has been recorded by many leading pop artists and jazz musicians over the years. Title: Seeds from the Underground Passage: Seeds from the Underground is a studio album by Kenny Garrett. It was released on April 10, 2012, on Mack Avenue Records and received two Grammy nominations in Best Jazz Instrumental Album and Best Improvised Jazz Solo categories, as well as a NAACP Image Award nomination in Outstanding Jazz Album category, a Soul Train Award nomination in Best Traditional Jazz Artist/Group category, a Jazz Awards nomination for Alto Saxophonist of the Year and an Echo Award win in the Saxophonist of the Year category. Title: Adult contemporary music Passage: In its early years of existence, the smooth jazz format was considered to be a form of AC, although it was mainly instrumental, and related a stronger resemblance to the soft AC-styled music. For many years, artists like George Benson, Kenny G and Dave Koz had crossover hits that were played on both smooth jazz and soft AC stations. Title: The Millennium Dance Complex Passage: The Millennium Dance Complex is a dance studio founded in 1992 located in the NOHO Arts District of Los Angeles. "Dance Teacher" magazine called it "...one of the top schools in the country" Millennium offers classes daily in jazz dance, hip-hop, tap, and contemporary dance. Performers such as Britney Spears, Janet Jackson, Justin Timberlake, Usher, Jennifer Lopez, Christina Aguilera, Kenny Ortega, P. Diddy, Beyoncé, Samuel_(singer), NCT 127 and Ateez have taken a class or had rehearsals at this studio.	[ "Adult contemporary music", "The Dance (Dave Koz album)" ]
2hop__80637_19033	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Money in the Bank (2018) Promotional poster featuring the Money in the Bank briefcases Information Promotion WWE Brand (s) Raw SmackDown Sponsor (s) WWE Champions Gold Bond Ultimate Date June 17, 2018 Attendance 15,214 Venue Allstate Arena City Rosemont, Illinois WWE Network event chronology NXT TakeOver: Chicago II Money in the Bank (2018) United Kingdom Championship Tournament (2018) Money in the Bank chronology Money in the Bank (2017) Money in the Bank (2018)", "title": "Money in the Bank (2018)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sanctuary is a recording studio in Battersea, London founded by David McEwan and Eric Appapoulay in 2006. It is best known as the facility at which Plan B created his 2010 award winning album The Defamation of Strickland Banks.", "title": "The Sanctuary (recording studio)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the PPV, Kane won the SmackDown Money in the Bank match. Kane later cashed it in the same night by defeating Rey Mysterio to win the World Heavyweight Championship. He also became the quickest man to cash in the briefcase. For Raw, The Miz won that brand's Money in the Bank contract. After a couple of aborted attempts (which due to the bell not sounding to start the matches, allowed Miz to keep the briefcase on said occasions), Miz finally cashed in his title opportunity on the November 22, 2010 episode of Raw, immediately after Randy Orton successfully retained the WWE Championship against Wade Barrett in which The Nexus attacked Orton before the match and injured his right leg. Miz defeated Orton to win his first WWE Championship.", "title": "Money in the Bank ladder match" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This credit freeze brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse. The response of the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, the Bank of England and other central banks was immediate and dramatic. During the last quarter of 2008, these central banks purchased US$2.5 trillion of government debt and troubled private assets from banks. This was the largest liquidity injection into the credit market, and the largest monetary policy action, in world history. Following a model initiated by the United Kingdom bank rescue package, the governments of European nations and the USA guaranteed the debt issued by their banks and raised the capital of their national banking systems, ultimately purchasing $1.5 trillion newly issued preferred stock in their major banks. In October 2010, Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz explained how the U.S. Federal Reserve was implementing another monetary policy —creating currency— as a method to combat the liquidity trap. By creating $600 billion and inserting[clarification needed] this directly into banks, the Federal Reserve intended to spur banks to finance more domestic loans and refinance mortgages. However, banks instead were spending the money in more profitable areas by investing internationally in emerging markets. Banks were also investing in foreign currencies, which Stiglitz and others point out may lead to currency wars while China redirects its currency holdings away from the United States.", "title": "Tanzania" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "I Love Money is a reality television game show that aired on VH1. The show was created by The Surreal Life executive producers Cris Abrego and Mark Cronin. The contestants on this series are from the first two seasons of Flavor of Love, I Love New York and Rock of Love, and are competing in physical and mental challenges in an attempt to win $250,000. Production started in early February 2008, and concluded in March 2008. The show premiered on July 6, 2008 and the casting special aired on July 1. The show is hosted by Craig J. Jackson. The winner of the competition was Nicole Alexander, also known as Hoopz.", "title": "I Love Money (season 1)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Central Reserve Bank of Peru (; BCRP) is the Peruvian central bank. It mints and issues metal and paper money, the sol.", "title": "Central Reserve Bank of Peru" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He received first cap at the friendly match against China on April 16, 2008. He scored his first goal with Mexico against Ecuador and also added an assist to the winning goal, the result was 2-1.", "title": "Leobardo López" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of banking is intertwined with the history of money. Ancient types of money known as grain - money and food cattle - money were used from a time of around at least 9000 BC, as two of the earliest things understood as things to be made use of for the purposes of barter (Davies).", "title": "History of banking" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seven matches were contested at the event, including one on the pre-show. Two of the matches were the titular Money in the Bank ladder match: the male ladder match, which was the main event, was won by Baron Corbin, who earned a contract for a WWE Championship match, and Carmella controversially won the first - ever women's ladder match to earn a SmackDown Women's Championship match contract. In another prominent match, Jinder Mahal defeated Randy Orton to retain the WWE Championship. The event was also notable for the televised in - ring debut of Lana, who lost her SmackDown Women's Championship match to Naomi, the return of Maria Kanellis, who had last performed in WWE in 2010, and the WWE debut appearance of her husband Mike Kanellis.", "title": "Money in the Bank (2017)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The influence of the Reserve Bank of India's power over the Indian money market is confined almost exclusively to the organised banking structure.It is also considered to be the biggest regulator in the markets. There are certain rates and data which are released at regular intervals which have a huge impact on all the financial markets in INDIA. The unorganised sector, which consists mostly of indigenous bankers and non-banking financial companies, although occupying an important position in the money market have not been properly integrated with the rest of the money market.", "title": "Money market in India" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The first match was contested in 2005 at WrestleMania 21, after being invented (in kayfabe) by Chris Jericho. At the time, it was exclusive to wrestlers of the Raw brand, and Edge won the inaugural match. From then until 2010, the Money in the Bank ladder match, now open to all WWE brands, became a WrestleMania mainstay. 2010 saw a second and third Money in the Bank ladder match when the Money in the Bank pay - per - view debuted in July. Unlike the matches at WrestleMania, this new event featured two such ladder matches -- one each for a contract for the WWE Championship and World Heavyweight Championship, respectively.", "title": "Money in the Bank ladder match" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1980 Wimbledon Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 1980 Wimbledon Championships. In the final, Björn Borg defeated John McEnroe 1 -- 6, 7 -- 5, 6 -- 3, 6 -- 7, 8 -- 6 to win the match. It was regarded at the time as the greatest match ever played. It would be another 28 years before the 2008 Wimbledon men's singles final between Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal would rival the match as the greatest ever played.", "title": "1980 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zohaib Khan (born 20 March 1984) is a Pakistani cricketer. On 4 November 2018, batting for Habib Bank Limited, he was named the man of the match in the final of the 2018–19 Quaid-e-Azam One Day Cup, with Habib Bank winning the tournament. In March 2019, he was named in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's squad for the 2019 Pakistan Cup.", "title": "Zohaib Khan" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The card comprised eleven matches, including one match on the pre-show. In the main event, Braun Strowman won the titular ladder match on the men's side, while Alexa Bliss won the women's ladder match. Bliss cashed in her contract later in the night to win the Raw Women's Championship from Nia Jax after causing a disqualification in the previous title match between Ronda Rousey and Jax. On the undercard, AJ Styles retained the WWE Championship against Shinsuke Nakamura in a Last Man Standing match, and Carmella retained the SmackDown Women's Championship against Asuka with help from the returning James Ellsworth.", "title": "Money in the Bank (2018)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A referee may stop the match when they or official ring physician decides that a wrestler cannot safely continue the match. This may be decided if the wrestler cannot continue the match due to an injury. At the Great American Bash in 2008, Chris Jericho was declared the winner of a match against Shawn Michaels when Michaels could not defend himself due to excessive blood loss and impaired vision. At NXT TakeOver: Rival in 2015, the referee stopped the match when Sami Zayn could not defend himself due to an injury sustained against Kevin Owens for the NXT Championship.", "title": "Professional wrestling" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In September 2008, the crisis hit its most critical stage. There was the equivalent of a bank run on the money market funds, which frequently invest in commercial paper issued by corporations to fund their operations and payrolls. Withdrawal from money markets were $144.5 billion during one week, versus $7.1 billion the week prior. This interrupted the ability of corporations to rollover (replace) their short-term debt. The U.S. government responded by extending insurance for money market accounts analogous to bank deposit insurance via a temporary guarantee and with Federal Reserve programs to purchase commercial paper. The TED spread, an indicator of perceived credit risk in the general economy, spiked up in July 2007, remained volatile for a year, then spiked even higher in September 2008, reaching a record 4.65% on October 10, 2008.", "title": "Tanzania" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Burnt Money () is a 2001 Argentine action thriller directed by Marcelo Piñeyro and written by Piñeyro and Marcelo Figueras. Starring Leonardo Sbaraglia, Eduardo Noriega, Pablo Echarri, Leticia Brédice and Ricardo Bartis, it is based on Ricardo Piglia's 1997 \"Planeta\" prize-winning novel of the same name. The novel was inspired by the true story of a notorious 1965 bank robbery in Buenos Aires.", "title": "Burnt Money" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Records Player / Team Stats Season / Span Team Most wins Mumbai Indians 97 (2008 -- 2018) Most defeats Delhi Daredevils 91 (2008 -- 2018) Highest win% Chennai Super Kings 61.56 (2008 -- 2018) Largest victory (runs) Mumbai Indians v Delhi Daredevils 146 2017 Most consecutive wins (season) Kolkata Knight Riders 9 2014 Most consecutive wins (overall) Kolkata Knight Riders 10 (2014 -- 2015) Most consecutive defeats (season) Delhi Daredevils Pune Warriors 9 2014 2012 Most consecutive defeats (overall) Delhi Daredevils Pune Warriors 11 (2014 -- 2015) (2012 -- 2013) Batting Most 100s Chris Gayle (KKR, RCB, KXIP) 6 (2008 -- 2018) Most 50s David Warner (DD, SRH) 36 (2009 -- 2017) Highest Partnership Virat Kohli (RCB) AB de Villiers (RCB) 229 2016 Most ducks Harbhajan Singh (MI) 13 (2008 -- 2018) Bowling Most 4 wicket hauls Sunil Narine (KKR) 6 (2012 -- 2018) Most 5 wicket hauls James Faulkner (KXIP, PWI, RR) (2011 -- 2017) Most hat - tricks Amit Mishra (DC, DD, SRH) (2008 -- 2018) Other Miscellaneous Most matches Suresh Raina (CSK, GL) 176 (2008 -- 2018) Most matches as captain MS Dhoni (CSK, RPS) 159 (2008 -- 2018) Most man of the matches Chris Gayle (KKR, RCB, KXIP) 20 (2008 -- 2018) Most matches as umpire Sundaram Ravi 97 (2009 -- 2018)", "title": "List of Indian Premier League records and statistics" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The UEFA Euro 2008 Final was a football match that took place on 29 June 2008 at the Ernst-Happel-Stadion in Vienna, Austria, to determine the winner of the UEFA Euro 2008. Spain defeated Germany 1–0 with a 33rd-minute goal from Fernando Torres. This was only the second time in European Championship history that the champions had won every match in the group stage; the other team to do so was France in 1984. Spain were also the first team since Germany in 1996 to win the tournament undefeated. Despite the one-goal margin of victory, it was a fairly dominant performance by Spain.", "title": "UEFA Euro 2008 Final" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Internationally, Nigeria is infamous for a form of bank fraud dubbed 419, a type of advance fee fraud (named after Section 419 of the Nigerian Penal Code) along with the \"Nigerian scam\", a form of confidence trick practised by individuals and criminal syndicates. These scams involve a complicit Nigerian bank (the laws being set up loosely to allow it) and a scammer who claims to have money he needs to obtain from that bank. The victim is talked into exchanging bank account information on the premise that the money will be transferred to him, and then he'll get to keep a cut. In reality, money is taken out instead, and/or large fees (which seem small in comparison with the imaginary wealth he awaits) are deducted. In 2003, the Nigerian Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (or EFCC) was created, ostensibly to combat this and other forms of organised financial crime.", "title": "Nigeria" } ]	Where did the wrestler who created the Money in the Bank Ladder Match win in 2008?	Great American Bash	[ "The Great American Bash" ]	Title: UEFA Euro 2008 Final Passage: The UEFA Euro 2008 Final was a football match that took place on 29 June 2008 at the Ernst-Happel-Stadion in Vienna, Austria, to determine the winner of the UEFA Euro 2008. Spain defeated Germany 1–0 with a 33rd-minute goal from Fernando Torres. This was only the second time in European Championship history that the champions had won every match in the group stage; the other team to do so was France in 1984. Spain were also the first team since Germany in 1996 to win the tournament undefeated. Despite the one-goal margin of victory, it was a fairly dominant performance by Spain. Title: Zohaib Khan Passage: Zohaib Khan (born 20 March 1984) is a Pakistani cricketer. On 4 November 2018, batting for Habib Bank Limited, he was named the man of the match in the final of the 2018–19 Quaid-e-Azam One Day Cup, with Habib Bank winning the tournament. In March 2019, he was named in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's squad for the 2019 Pakistan Cup. Title: Professional wrestling Passage: A referee may stop the match when they or official ring physician decides that a wrestler cannot safely continue the match. This may be decided if the wrestler cannot continue the match due to an injury. At the Great American Bash in 2008, Chris Jericho was declared the winner of a match against Shawn Michaels when Michaels could not defend himself due to excessive blood loss and impaired vision. At NXT TakeOver: Rival in 2015, the referee stopped the match when Sami Zayn could not defend himself due to an injury sustained against Kevin Owens for the NXT Championship. Title: Nigeria Passage: Internationally, Nigeria is infamous for a form of bank fraud dubbed 419, a type of advance fee fraud (named after Section 419 of the Nigerian Penal Code) along with the "Nigerian scam", a form of confidence trick practised by individuals and criminal syndicates. These scams involve a complicit Nigerian bank (the laws being set up loosely to allow it) and a scammer who claims to have money he needs to obtain from that bank. The victim is talked into exchanging bank account information on the premise that the money will be transferred to him, and then he'll get to keep a cut. In reality, money is taken out instead, and/or large fees (which seem small in comparison with the imaginary wealth he awaits) are deducted. In 2003, the Nigerian Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (or EFCC) was created, ostensibly to combat this and other forms of organised financial crime. Title: Tanzania Passage: In September 2008, the crisis hit its most critical stage. There was the equivalent of a bank run on the money market funds, which frequently invest in commercial paper issued by corporations to fund their operations and payrolls. Withdrawal from money markets were $144.5 billion during one week, versus $7.1 billion the week prior. This interrupted the ability of corporations to rollover (replace) their short-term debt. The U.S. government responded by extending insurance for money market accounts analogous to bank deposit insurance via a temporary guarantee and with Federal Reserve programs to purchase commercial paper. The TED spread, an indicator of perceived credit risk in the general economy, spiked up in July 2007, remained volatile for a year, then spiked even higher in September 2008, reaching a record 4.65% on October 10, 2008. Title: Money in the Bank ladder match Passage: At the PPV, Kane won the SmackDown Money in the Bank match. Kane later cashed it in the same night by defeating Rey Mysterio to win the World Heavyweight Championship. He also became the quickest man to cash in the briefcase. For Raw, The Miz won that brand's Money in the Bank contract. After a couple of aborted attempts (which due to the bell not sounding to start the matches, allowed Miz to keep the briefcase on said occasions), Miz finally cashed in his title opportunity on the November 22, 2010 episode of Raw, immediately after Randy Orton successfully retained the WWE Championship against Wade Barrett in which The Nexus attacked Orton before the match and injured his right leg. Miz defeated Orton to win his first WWE Championship. Title: Money in the Bank (2018) Passage: The card comprised eleven matches, including one match on the pre-show. In the main event, Braun Strowman won the titular ladder match on the men's side, while Alexa Bliss won the women's ladder match. Bliss cashed in her contract later in the night to win the Raw Women's Championship from Nia Jax after causing a disqualification in the previous title match between Ronda Rousey and Jax. On the undercard, AJ Styles retained the WWE Championship against Shinsuke Nakamura in a Last Man Standing match, and Carmella retained the SmackDown Women's Championship against Asuka with help from the returning James Ellsworth. Title: Money in the Bank ladder match Passage: The first match was contested in 2005 at WrestleMania 21, after being invented (in kayfabe) by Chris Jericho. At the time, it was exclusive to wrestlers of the Raw brand, and Edge won the inaugural match. From then until 2010, the Money in the Bank ladder match, now open to all WWE brands, became a WrestleMania mainstay. 2010 saw a second and third Money in the Bank ladder match when the Money in the Bank pay - per - view debuted in July. Unlike the matches at WrestleMania, this new event featured two such ladder matches -- one each for a contract for the WWE Championship and World Heavyweight Championship, respectively. Title: Leobardo López Passage: He received first cap at the friendly match against China on April 16, 2008. He scored his first goal with Mexico against Ecuador and also added an assist to the winning goal, the result was 2-1. Title: History of banking Passage: The history of banking is intertwined with the history of money. Ancient types of money known as grain - money and food cattle - money were used from a time of around at least 9000 BC, as two of the earliest things understood as things to be made use of for the purposes of barter (Davies). Title: Money in the Bank (2017) Passage: Seven matches were contested at the event, including one on the pre-show. Two of the matches were the titular Money in the Bank ladder match: the male ladder match, which was the main event, was won by Baron Corbin, who earned a contract for a WWE Championship match, and Carmella controversially won the first - ever women's ladder match to earn a SmackDown Women's Championship match contract. In another prominent match, Jinder Mahal defeated Randy Orton to retain the WWE Championship. The event was also notable for the televised in - ring debut of Lana, who lost her SmackDown Women's Championship match to Naomi, the return of Maria Kanellis, who had last performed in WWE in 2010, and the WWE debut appearance of her husband Mike Kanellis. Title: Tanzania Passage: This credit freeze brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse. The response of the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, the Bank of England and other central banks was immediate and dramatic. During the last quarter of 2008, these central banks purchased US$2.5 trillion of government debt and troubled private assets from banks. This was the largest liquidity injection into the credit market, and the largest monetary policy action, in world history. Following a model initiated by the United Kingdom bank rescue package, the governments of European nations and the USA guaranteed the debt issued by their banks and raised the capital of their national banking systems, ultimately purchasing $1.5 trillion newly issued preferred stock in their major banks. In October 2010, Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz explained how the U.S. Federal Reserve was implementing another monetary policy —creating currency— as a method to combat the liquidity trap. By creating $600 billion and inserting[clarification needed] this directly into banks, the Federal Reserve intended to spur banks to finance more domestic loans and refinance mortgages. However, banks instead were spending the money in more profitable areas by investing internationally in emerging markets. Banks were also investing in foreign currencies, which Stiglitz and others point out may lead to currency wars while China redirects its currency holdings away from the United States. Title: List of Indian Premier League records and statistics Passage: Records Player / Team Stats Season / Span Team Most wins Mumbai Indians 97 (2008 -- 2018) Most defeats Delhi Daredevils 91 (2008 -- 2018) Highest win% Chennai Super Kings 61.56 (2008 -- 2018) Largest victory (runs) Mumbai Indians v Delhi Daredevils 146 2017 Most consecutive wins (season) Kolkata Knight Riders 9 2014 Most consecutive wins (overall) Kolkata Knight Riders 10 (2014 -- 2015) Most consecutive defeats (season) Delhi Daredevils Pune Warriors 9 2014 2012 Most consecutive defeats (overall) Delhi Daredevils Pune Warriors 11 (2014 -- 2015) (2012 -- 2013) Batting Most 100s Chris Gayle (KKR, RCB, KXIP) 6 (2008 -- 2018) Most 50s David Warner (DD, SRH) 36 (2009 -- 2017) Highest Partnership Virat Kohli (RCB) AB de Villiers (RCB) 229 2016 Most ducks Harbhajan Singh (MI) 13 (2008 -- 2018) Bowling Most 4 wicket hauls Sunil Narine (KKR) 6 (2012 -- 2018) Most 5 wicket hauls James Faulkner (KXIP, PWI, RR) (2011 -- 2017) Most hat - tricks Amit Mishra (DC, DD, SRH) (2008 -- 2018) Other Miscellaneous Most matches Suresh Raina (CSK, GL) 176 (2008 -- 2018) Most matches as captain MS Dhoni (CSK, RPS) 159 (2008 -- 2018) Most man of the matches Chris Gayle (KKR, RCB, KXIP) 20 (2008 -- 2018) Most matches as umpire Sundaram Ravi 97 (2009 -- 2018) Title: Burnt Money Passage: Burnt Money () is a 2001 Argentine action thriller directed by Marcelo Piñeyro and written by Piñeyro and Marcelo Figueras. Starring Leonardo Sbaraglia, Eduardo Noriega, Pablo Echarri, Leticia Brédice and Ricardo Bartis, it is based on Ricardo Piglia's 1997 "Planeta" prize-winning novel of the same name. The novel was inspired by the true story of a notorious 1965 bank robbery in Buenos Aires. Title: 1980 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final Passage: The 1980 Wimbledon Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 1980 Wimbledon Championships. In the final, Björn Borg defeated John McEnroe 1 -- 6, 7 -- 5, 6 -- 3, 6 -- 7, 8 -- 6 to win the match. It was regarded at the time as the greatest match ever played. It would be another 28 years before the 2008 Wimbledon men's singles final between Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal would rival the match as the greatest ever played. Title: Central Reserve Bank of Peru Passage: The Central Reserve Bank of Peru (; BCRP) is the Peruvian central bank. It mints and issues metal and paper money, the sol. Title: The Sanctuary (recording studio) Passage: The Sanctuary is a recording studio in Battersea, London founded by David McEwan and Eric Appapoulay in 2006. It is best known as the facility at which Plan B created his 2010 award winning album The Defamation of Strickland Banks. Title: Money in the Bank (2018) Passage: Money in the Bank (2018) Promotional poster featuring the Money in the Bank briefcases Information Promotion WWE Brand (s) Raw SmackDown Sponsor (s) WWE Champions Gold Bond Ultimate Date June 17, 2018 Attendance 15,214 Venue Allstate Arena City Rosemont, Illinois WWE Network event chronology NXT TakeOver: Chicago II Money in the Bank (2018) United Kingdom Championship Tournament (2018) Money in the Bank chronology Money in the Bank (2017) Money in the Bank (2018) Title: Money market in India Passage: The influence of the Reserve Bank of India's power over the Indian money market is confined almost exclusively to the organised banking structure.It is also considered to be the biggest regulator in the markets. There are certain rates and data which are released at regular intervals which have a huge impact on all the financial markets in INDIA. The unorganised sector, which consists mostly of indigenous bankers and non-banking financial companies, although occupying an important position in the money market have not been properly integrated with the rest of the money market. Title: I Love Money (season 1) Passage: I Love Money is a reality television game show that aired on VH1. The show was created by The Surreal Life executive producers Cris Abrego and Mark Cronin. The contestants on this series are from the first two seasons of Flavor of Love, I Love New York and Rock of Love, and are competing in physical and mental challenges in an attempt to win $250,000. Production started in early February 2008, and concluded in March 2008. The show premiered on July 6, 2008 and the casting special aired on July 1. The show is hosted by Craig J. Jackson. The winner of the competition was Nicole Alexander, also known as Hoopz.	[ "Money in the Bank ladder match", "Professional wrestling" ]
2hop__23459_22946	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One of the common definitions for \"Islamic philosophy\" is \"the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.\" Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia.", "title": "Muslim world" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Syed Nomanul Haq (Nu'man al-Haqq) (; born February 15, 1948 in Karachi, Pakistan) is an international Pakistani scholar and intellectual historian noted especially for his contributions to the fields of Islamic history and Islamic philosophy. He is currently a faculty member at the Habib University, Karachi. In his career spanning twenty years, Haq has gained widespread repute for his teaching, publications and editorial and research work on the history and philosophy of science, postmodern philosophy, history of religion, history of art and history of literature, for which he has won multiple prizes and awards.", "title": "Syed Nomanul Haq" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cynthia Willett is Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Philosophy at Emory University, where she is also affiliated faculty with Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies and with the Psychoanalytic Studies Program. She has written influential books on intersectional feminism and founded Emory's Institute for the History of Philosophy. Willett was on the American Philosophical Association's Executive Board between 2008 and 2010, and was recently the co-director of the Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy. She earned her Ph.D. in 1988 from Pennsylvania State University.", "title": "Cynthia Willett" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "George Sarton, the author of The History of Science, described Ibn Sīnā as \"one of the greatest thinkers and medical scholars in history\" and called him \"the most famous scientist of Islam and one of the most famous of all races, places, and times.\" He was one of the Islamic world's leading writers in the field of medicine. Along with Rhazes, Abulcasis, Ibn al-Nafis, and al-Ibadi, Ibn Sīnā is considered an important compiler of early Muslim medicine. He is remembered in the Western history of medicine as a major historical figure who made important contributions to medicine and the European Renaissance. His medical texts were unusual in that where controversy existed between Galen and Aristotle's views on medical matters (such as anatomy), he preferred to side with Aristotle, where necessary updating Aristotle's position to take into account post-Aristotelian advances in anatomical knowledge. Aristotle's dominant intellectual influence among medieval European scholars meant that Avicenna's linking of Galen's medical writings with Aristotle's philosophical writings in the Canon of Medicine (along with its comprehensive and logical organisation of knowledge) significantly increased Avicenna's importance in medieval Europe in comparison to other Islamic writers on medicine. His influence following translation of the Canon was such that from the early fourteenth to the mid-sixteenth centuries he was ranked with Hippocrates and Galen as one of the acknowledged authorities, princeps medicorum (\"prince of physicians\").", "title": "Avicenna" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Greatest American was a four-part American television series hosted by Matt Lauer in 2005. The show featured biographies and lists of influential persons in U.S. history, and culminated in a contest in which millions in the audience nominated and voted for the person they felt was the \"greatest American\". The competition was conducted by AOL and the Discovery Channel and reported on by the BBC.", "title": "The Greatest American" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is regarded as the most influential philosopher of Islam. He pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials. His two most notable works in medicine are the Kitāb al-shifāʾ (\"Book of Healing\") and The Canon of Medicine, both of which were used as standard medicinal texts in both the Muslim world and in Europe well into the 17th century. Amongst his many contributions are the discovery of the contagious nature of infectious diseases, and the introduction of clinical pharmacology.", "title": "History of science" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Early Islamic philosophy and Islamic metaphysics, imbued as it is with Islamic theology, distinguishes more clearly than Aristotelianism between essence and existence. Whereas existence is the domain of the contingent and the accidental, essence endures within a being beyond the accidental. The philosophy of Ibn Sīnā, particularly that part relating to metaphysics, owes much to al-Farabi. The search for a definitive Islamic philosophy separate from Occasionalism can be seen in what is left of his work.", "title": "Avicenna" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joel Feinberg (October 19, 1926 in Detroit, Michigan – March 29, 2004 in Tucson, Arizona) was an American political and legal philosopher. He is known for his work in the fields of ethics, action theory, philosophy of law, and political philosophy as well as individual rights and the authority of the state. Feinberg was one of the most influential figures in American jurisprudence of the last fifty years.", "title": "Joel Feinberg" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anaximander was an early proponent of science and tried to observe and explain different aspects of the universe, with a particular interest in its origins, claiming that nature is ruled by laws, just like human societies, and anything that disturbs the balance of nature does not last long. Like many thinkers of his time, Anaximander's philosophy included contributions to many disciplines. In astronomy, he attempted to describe the mechanics of celestial bodies in relation to the Earth. In physics, his postulation that the indefinite (or apeiron) was the source of all things led Greek philosophy to a new level of conceptual abstraction. His knowledge of geometry allowed him to introduce the gnomon in Greece. He created a map of the world that contributed greatly to the advancement of geography. He was also involved in the politics of Miletus and was sent as a leader to one of its colonies.", "title": "Anaximander" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lipps was one of the most influential German university professors of his time, attracting many students from other countries. Lipps was very concerned with conceptions of art and the aesthetic, focusing much of his philosophy around such issues. Among his fervent admirers was Sigmund Freud. Lipps then being the main supporter of the idea of the Unconscious. He adopted Robert Vischer's notions of empathy or esthetic sympathy (Einfühlung, literally translated to \"feeling-into\"). This concept of aesthetic resonance finds parallels throughout aesthetic philosophy. Late in life, Lipps adopted some ideas from Edmund Husserl. Disliking his psychologism, some of his students joined with some of Husserl's to form a new branch of philosophy called phenomenology of essences. Among them there was Moritz Geiger who wrote one of the first phenomenological essays on the essence and meaning of empathy in which the influence of Lipps is relevant.", "title": "Theodor Lipps" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Avicenna was a devout Muslim and sought to reconcile rational philosophy with Islamic theology. His aim was to prove the existence of God and His creation of the world scientifically and through reason and logic. Avicenna's views on Islamic theology (and philosophy) were enormously influential, forming part of the core of the curriculum at Islamic religious schools until the 19th century. Avicenna wrote a number of short treatises dealing with Islamic theology. These included treatises on the prophets (whom he viewed as \"inspired philosophers\"), and also on various scientific and philosophical interpretations of the Quran, such as how Quranic cosmology corresponds to his own philosophical system. In general these treatises linked his philosophical writings to Islamic religious ideas; for example, the body's afterlife.", "title": "Avicenna" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jeffrey Pfeffer (born July 23, 1946, St. Louis, Missouri) is an American business theorist and the Thomas D. Dee II Professor of Organizational Behavior at the Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, and is considered one of today's most influential management thinkers. Pfeffer strives to educate and inspire leaders to seek power through evidence-based management, the knowing-doing gap, high performance culture, and unconventional wisdom.", "title": "Jeffrey Pfeffer" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Moses Taylor Pyne (December 21, 1855 – April 22, 1921), was a financier and philanthropist, and one of Princeton University's greatest benefactors and its most influential trustee.", "title": "Moses Taylor Pyne" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The views of Ali Shariati, ideologue of the Iranian Revolution, had resemblance with Mohammad Iqbal, ideological father of the State of Pakistan, but Khomeini's beliefs is perceived to be placed somewhere between beliefs of Sunni Islamic thinkers like Mawdudi and Qutb. He believed that complete imitation of the Prophet Mohammad and his successors such as Ali for restoration of Sharia law was essential to Islam, that many secular, Westernizing Muslims were actually agents of the West serving Western interests, and that the acts such as \"plundering\" of Muslim lands was part of a long-term conspiracy against Islam by the Western governments.", "title": "Islamism" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Contemporaneously with the rise of analytic ethics in Anglo-American thought, in Europe several new lines of philosophy directed at critique of existing societies arose between the 1950s and 1980s. Most of these took elements of Marxist economic analysis, but combined them with a more cultural or ideological emphasis. Out of the Frankfurt School, thinkers like Herbert Marcuse, Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer, and Jürgen Habermas combined Marxian and Freudian perspectives. Along somewhat different lines, a number of other continental thinkers—still largely influenced by Marxism—put new emphases on structuralism and on a \"return to Hegel\". Within the (post-) structuralist line (though mostly not taking that label) are thinkers such as Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, Claude Lefort, and Jean Baudrillard. The Situationists were more influenced by Hegel; Guy Debord, in particular, moved a Marxist analysis of commodity fetishism to the realm of consumption, and looked at the relation between consumerism and dominant ideology formation.", "title": "Political philosophy" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other influential Muslim philosophers include al-Jahiz, a pioneer in evolutionary thought; Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), a pioneer of phenomenology and the philosophy of science and a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Aristotle's concept of place (topos); Al-Biruni, a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy; Ibn Tufail and Ibn al-Nafis, pioneers of the philosophical novel; Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi, founder of Illuminationist philosophy; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, a critic of Aristotelian logic and a pioneer of inductive logic; and Ibn Khaldun, a pioneer in the philosophy of history.", "title": "Muslim world" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Muhammad Abu Zahra (1898–1974) was an Egyptian public intellectual and an influential Hanafi jurist. He occupied a number of positions; he was a lecturer of Islamic law at Al-Azhar University and a professor at Cairo University. He was also a member of the Islamic Research Academy. His works include Abu Hanifa, Malik and al-Shafi'i.", "title": "Muhammad Abu Zahra" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam is a compilation of lectures delivered by Muhammad Iqbal on Islamic philosophy and published in 1930. These lectures were delivered by Iqbal in Madras, Hyderabad, and Aligarh. The last chapter, \"Is Religion Possible\", was added to the book from the 1934 Oxford Edition onwards.", "title": "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "German philosophers have helped shape western philosophy from as early as the Middle Ages (Albertus Magnus). Later, Leibniz (17th century) and most importantly Kant played central roles in the history of philosophy. Kantianism inspired the work of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche as well as German idealism defended by Fichte and Hegel. Engels helped develop communist theory in the second half of the 19th century while Heidegger and Gadamer pursued the tradition of German philosophy in the 20th century. A number of German intellectuals were also influential in sociology, most notably Adorno, Habermas, Horkheimer, Luhmann, Simmel, Tönnies, and Weber. The University of Berlin founded in 1810 by linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt served as an influential model for a number of modern western universities.", "title": "Germans" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arthur Frank Holmes (March 15, 1924 – October 8, 2011) was an English philosopher who served as Professor of Philosophy at Wheaton College in Illinois from 1951 to 1994. He is remembered for his contribution to Christian higher education in the United States not only by teaching and building the philosophy department at Wheaton, but also by writing influential books and articles about the philosophy of Christian education, participating in the creation of the Society of Christian Philosophers, and encouraging his students to go on for graduate study and become academic leaders in their own rights. Wheaton College President Philip Ryken said \"It would be hard to think of anyone who has had a greater impact on Christian higher education than Arthur Holmes.\" Holmes died in Wheaton, Illinois, on October 8, 2011, at age 87.", "title": "Arthur F. Holmes" } ]	Who said that the most influential figure in Islamic philosophy was one of the greatest thinkers?	George Sarton	[]	Title: Avicenna Passage: George Sarton, the author of The History of Science, described Ibn Sīnā as "one of the greatest thinkers and medical scholars in history" and called him "the most famous scientist of Islam and one of the most famous of all races, places, and times." He was one of the Islamic world's leading writers in the field of medicine. Along with Rhazes, Abulcasis, Ibn al-Nafis, and al-Ibadi, Ibn Sīnā is considered an important compiler of early Muslim medicine. He is remembered in the Western history of medicine as a major historical figure who made important contributions to medicine and the European Renaissance. His medical texts were unusual in that where controversy existed between Galen and Aristotle's views on medical matters (such as anatomy), he preferred to side with Aristotle, where necessary updating Aristotle's position to take into account post-Aristotelian advances in anatomical knowledge. Aristotle's dominant intellectual influence among medieval European scholars meant that Avicenna's linking of Galen's medical writings with Aristotle's philosophical writings in the Canon of Medicine (along with its comprehensive and logical organisation of knowledge) significantly increased Avicenna's importance in medieval Europe in comparison to other Islamic writers on medicine. His influence following translation of the Canon was such that from the early fourteenth to the mid-sixteenth centuries he was ranked with Hippocrates and Galen as one of the acknowledged authorities, princeps medicorum ("prince of physicians"). Title: Muslim world Passage: Other influential Muslim philosophers include al-Jahiz, a pioneer in evolutionary thought; Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), a pioneer of phenomenology and the philosophy of science and a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Aristotle's concept of place (topos); Al-Biruni, a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy; Ibn Tufail and Ibn al-Nafis, pioneers of the philosophical novel; Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi, founder of Illuminationist philosophy; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, a critic of Aristotelian logic and a pioneer of inductive logic; and Ibn Khaldun, a pioneer in the philosophy of history. Title: Avicenna Passage: Avicenna was a devout Muslim and sought to reconcile rational philosophy with Islamic theology. His aim was to prove the existence of God and His creation of the world scientifically and through reason and logic. Avicenna's views on Islamic theology (and philosophy) were enormously influential, forming part of the core of the curriculum at Islamic religious schools until the 19th century. Avicenna wrote a number of short treatises dealing with Islamic theology. These included treatises on the prophets (whom he viewed as "inspired philosophers"), and also on various scientific and philosophical interpretations of the Quran, such as how Quranic cosmology corresponds to his own philosophical system. In general these treatises linked his philosophical writings to Islamic religious ideas; for example, the body's afterlife. Title: Cynthia Willett Passage: Cynthia Willett is Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Philosophy at Emory University, where she is also affiliated faculty with Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies and with the Psychoanalytic Studies Program. She has written influential books on intersectional feminism and founded Emory's Institute for the History of Philosophy. Willett was on the American Philosophical Association's Executive Board between 2008 and 2010, and was recently the co-director of the Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy. She earned her Ph.D. in 1988 from Pennsylvania State University. Title: Muslim world Passage: One of the common definitions for "Islamic philosophy" is "the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture." Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia. Title: History of science Passage: Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is regarded as the most influential philosopher of Islam. He pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials. His two most notable works in medicine are the Kitāb al-shifāʾ ("Book of Healing") and The Canon of Medicine, both of which were used as standard medicinal texts in both the Muslim world and in Europe well into the 17th century. Amongst his many contributions are the discovery of the contagious nature of infectious diseases, and the introduction of clinical pharmacology. Title: Anaximander Passage: Anaximander was an early proponent of science and tried to observe and explain different aspects of the universe, with a particular interest in its origins, claiming that nature is ruled by laws, just like human societies, and anything that disturbs the balance of nature does not last long. Like many thinkers of his time, Anaximander's philosophy included contributions to many disciplines. In astronomy, he attempted to describe the mechanics of celestial bodies in relation to the Earth. In physics, his postulation that the indefinite (or apeiron) was the source of all things led Greek philosophy to a new level of conceptual abstraction. His knowledge of geometry allowed him to introduce the gnomon in Greece. He created a map of the world that contributed greatly to the advancement of geography. He was also involved in the politics of Miletus and was sent as a leader to one of its colonies. Title: Political philosophy Passage: Contemporaneously with the rise of analytic ethics in Anglo-American thought, in Europe several new lines of philosophy directed at critique of existing societies arose between the 1950s and 1980s. Most of these took elements of Marxist economic analysis, but combined them with a more cultural or ideological emphasis. Out of the Frankfurt School, thinkers like Herbert Marcuse, Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer, and Jürgen Habermas combined Marxian and Freudian perspectives. Along somewhat different lines, a number of other continental thinkers—still largely influenced by Marxism—put new emphases on structuralism and on a "return to Hegel". Within the (post-) structuralist line (though mostly not taking that label) are thinkers such as Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, Claude Lefort, and Jean Baudrillard. The Situationists were more influenced by Hegel; Guy Debord, in particular, moved a Marxist analysis of commodity fetishism to the realm of consumption, and looked at the relation between consumerism and dominant ideology formation. Title: Syed Nomanul Haq Passage: Syed Nomanul Haq (Nu'man al-Haqq) (; born February 15, 1948 in Karachi, Pakistan) is an international Pakistani scholar and intellectual historian noted especially for his contributions to the fields of Islamic history and Islamic philosophy. He is currently a faculty member at the Habib University, Karachi. In his career spanning twenty years, Haq has gained widespread repute for his teaching, publications and editorial and research work on the history and philosophy of science, postmodern philosophy, history of religion, history of art and history of literature, for which he has won multiple prizes and awards. Title: The Greatest American Passage: The Greatest American was a four-part American television series hosted by Matt Lauer in 2005. The show featured biographies and lists of influential persons in U.S. history, and culminated in a contest in which millions in the audience nominated and voted for the person they felt was the "greatest American". The competition was conducted by AOL and the Discovery Channel and reported on by the BBC. Title: Avicenna Passage: Early Islamic philosophy and Islamic metaphysics, imbued as it is with Islamic theology, distinguishes more clearly than Aristotelianism between essence and existence. Whereas existence is the domain of the contingent and the accidental, essence endures within a being beyond the accidental. The philosophy of Ibn Sīnā, particularly that part relating to metaphysics, owes much to al-Farabi. The search for a definitive Islamic philosophy separate from Occasionalism can be seen in what is left of his work. Title: Jeffrey Pfeffer Passage: Jeffrey Pfeffer (born July 23, 1946, St. Louis, Missouri) is an American business theorist and the Thomas D. Dee II Professor of Organizational Behavior at the Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, and is considered one of today's most influential management thinkers. Pfeffer strives to educate and inspire leaders to seek power through evidence-based management, the knowing-doing gap, high performance culture, and unconventional wisdom. Title: Arthur F. Holmes Passage: Arthur Frank Holmes (March 15, 1924 – October 8, 2011) was an English philosopher who served as Professor of Philosophy at Wheaton College in Illinois from 1951 to 1994. He is remembered for his contribution to Christian higher education in the United States not only by teaching and building the philosophy department at Wheaton, but also by writing influential books and articles about the philosophy of Christian education, participating in the creation of the Society of Christian Philosophers, and encouraging his students to go on for graduate study and become academic leaders in their own rights. Wheaton College President Philip Ryken said "It would be hard to think of anyone who has had a greater impact on Christian higher education than Arthur Holmes." Holmes died in Wheaton, Illinois, on October 8, 2011, at age 87. Title: Joel Feinberg Passage: Joel Feinberg (October 19, 1926 in Detroit, Michigan – March 29, 2004 in Tucson, Arizona) was an American political and legal philosopher. He is known for his work in the fields of ethics, action theory, philosophy of law, and political philosophy as well as individual rights and the authority of the state. Feinberg was one of the most influential figures in American jurisprudence of the last fifty years. Title: Theodor Lipps Passage: Lipps was one of the most influential German university professors of his time, attracting many students from other countries. Lipps was very concerned with conceptions of art and the aesthetic, focusing much of his philosophy around such issues. Among his fervent admirers was Sigmund Freud. Lipps then being the main supporter of the idea of the Unconscious. He adopted Robert Vischer's notions of empathy or esthetic sympathy (Einfühlung, literally translated to "feeling-into"). This concept of aesthetic resonance finds parallels throughout aesthetic philosophy. Late in life, Lipps adopted some ideas from Edmund Husserl. Disliking his psychologism, some of his students joined with some of Husserl's to form a new branch of philosophy called phenomenology of essences. Among them there was Moritz Geiger who wrote one of the first phenomenological essays on the essence and meaning of empathy in which the influence of Lipps is relevant. Title: Moses Taylor Pyne Passage: Moses Taylor Pyne (December 21, 1855 – April 22, 1921), was a financier and philanthropist, and one of Princeton University's greatest benefactors and its most influential trustee. Title: The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam Passage: The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam is a compilation of lectures delivered by Muhammad Iqbal on Islamic philosophy and published in 1930. These lectures were delivered by Iqbal in Madras, Hyderabad, and Aligarh. The last chapter, "Is Religion Possible", was added to the book from the 1934 Oxford Edition onwards. Title: Islamism Passage: The views of Ali Shariati, ideologue of the Iranian Revolution, had resemblance with Mohammad Iqbal, ideological father of the State of Pakistan, but Khomeini's beliefs is perceived to be placed somewhere between beliefs of Sunni Islamic thinkers like Mawdudi and Qutb. He believed that complete imitation of the Prophet Mohammad and his successors such as Ali for restoration of Sharia law was essential to Islam, that many secular, Westernizing Muslims were actually agents of the West serving Western interests, and that the acts such as "plundering" of Muslim lands was part of a long-term conspiracy against Islam by the Western governments. Title: Germans Passage: German philosophers have helped shape western philosophy from as early as the Middle Ages (Albertus Magnus). Later, Leibniz (17th century) and most importantly Kant played central roles in the history of philosophy. Kantianism inspired the work of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche as well as German idealism defended by Fichte and Hegel. Engels helped develop communist theory in the second half of the 19th century while Heidegger and Gadamer pursued the tradition of German philosophy in the 20th century. A number of German intellectuals were also influential in sociology, most notably Adorno, Habermas, Horkheimer, Luhmann, Simmel, Tönnies, and Weber. The University of Berlin founded in 1810 by linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt served as an influential model for a number of modern western universities. Title: Muhammad Abu Zahra Passage: Muhammad Abu Zahra (1898–1974) was an Egyptian public intellectual and an influential Hanafi jurist. He occupied a number of positions; he was a lecturer of Islamic law at Al-Azhar University and a professor at Cairo University. He was also a member of the Islamic Research Academy. His works include Abu Hanifa, Malik and al-Shafi'i.	[ "Avicenna", "History of science" ]
2hop__44259_747874	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The men's singles table tennis event was part of the table tennis programme at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. The event took place from Saturday 28 July to Thursday 2 August 2012 at ExCeL London. The tournament was a single elimination tournament with a third place playoff played between the two losing semi-finalists. In the 2008 event all three medals were won by Chinese athletes with Ma Lin taking gold.", "title": "Table tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's singles" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sheridan Snyder Tennis Center at the University of Virginia opened in 1997 right next to Memorial Gymnasium. The 13-court facility showcases Virginia's men's and women's tennis teams.", "title": "Sheridan Snyder Tennis Center" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1992 BMW Open was an Association of Tennis Professionals men's tennis tournament held in Munich, Germany. It was the 76th edition of the edition of the tournament and was held from 27 April through 4 May 1992. Magnus Larsson won the singles title.", "title": "1992 BMW Open" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Australian Open is a tennis tournament held annually over the last fortnight of January in Melbourne, Australia. First held in 1905, the tournament is chronologically the first of the four Grand Slam tennis events of the year -- the other three being the French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open. It features men's and women's singles; men's, women's and mixed doubles and junior's championships; as well as wheelchair, legends and exhibition events. Prior to 1988 the tournament had been played on grass courts, but since then two types of hardcourt surfaces have been used at Melbourne Park -- green coloured Rebound Ace up to 2007 and, afterwards, blue Plexicushion.", "title": "Australian Open" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1995 Open 13 was a men's Association of Tennis Professionals tennis tournament held in Marseille, France and played on indoor carpet courts. The event was part of the World Series of the 1995 ATP Tour. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from 6 February to 13 February 1995. Boris Becker won the singles title.", "title": "1995 Open 13" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The US Open is held annually, starting on the last Monday in August, and lasting for two weeks into September, with the middle weekend coinciding with the Labor Day holiday. The main tournament consists of five event championships: men's and women's singles, men's and women's doubles, and mixed doubles, with additional tournaments for senior, junior, and wheelchair players. Since 1978, the tournament has been played on acrylic hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows -- Corona Park, Queens, New York City. The US Open is owned and organized by the United States Tennis Association (USTA), a not - for - profit organization. Net proceeds from ticket sales, sponsorships, and television deals are used to promote the development of tennis in the United States.", "title": "US Open (tennis)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zsuzsa Körmöczy (25 August 1924 – 16 September 2006) was a female tennis player from Hungary. She reached a career high of World No. 2 in women's tennis, and won the 1958 French Open at the age of 34.", "title": "Zsuzsa Körmöczy" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Édouard Roger-Vasselin (; born 28 November 1983) is a male tennis player from France. He won the men's doubles title at Roland Garros in 2014, partnering Julien Benneteau. He is the son of 1983 French Open semifinalist Christophe Roger-Vasselin.", "title": "Édouard Roger-Vasselin" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Men's Doubles tournament at the 1993 US Open was held from August 30 to September 12, 1993, on the outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City, United States. Ken Flach and Rick Leach won the title, defeating Karel Nováček and Martin Damm in the final.", "title": "1993 US Open – Men's Doubles" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Federer has won a record eight Wimbledon titles, a joint - record six Australian Open titles, a record five consecutive US Open titles, and one French Open title. He is one of eight men to have captured a career Grand Slam. Federer has reached a record 30 men's singles Grand Slam finals, including 10 in a row from the 2005 Wimbledon Championships to the 2007 US Open. He reached the semifinals at 23 consecutive Grand Slam tournaments, from the 2004 Wimbledon Championships through to the 2010 Australian Open. Federer has also won a record six ATP Finals, 27 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 titles, and a record 20 ATP World Tour 500 titles. Given these achievements, many players and analysts consider Federer the greatest tennis player of all time.", "title": "Roger Federer" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marko Jevtović (, born 5 January 1987 in Belgrade, SR Serbia, Yugoslavia) is a Serbian table tennis player. At the 2009 Summer Universiade, he won a bronze medal in the Men's doubles. He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Men's singles, but was defeated in the first round.", "title": "Marko Jevtović" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 2012 US Open Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2012 US Open. In the final, Andy Murray defeated defending champion Novak Djokovic 7 -- 6, 7 -- 5, 2 -- 6, 3 -- 6, 6 -- 2 to win the match. It was the equal - longest US Open men's final in history, lasting 4 hours and 54 minutes (equalling the 1988 US Open final played by Ivan Lendl and Mats Wilander), and the equal second - longest men's final in the Open era, only behind the 2012 Australian Open final. By winning the 2012 US Open, Murray became the first British man since Fred Perry in 1936 to win a Grand Slam singles title, and the first British man in the Open Era to do so. The match is a significant part of the rivalry between the two players. This match also marked a milestone for Murray, as it was his 100th match win at a grand slam tournament.", "title": "2012 US Open – Men's singles final" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1971 Swedish Open was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts held in Båstad, Sweden. The event was classified as a Group C category tournament and was part of the 1971 Grand Prix circuit. It was the 24th edition of the tournament and was held from 5 July through 11 July 1971. Ilie Năstase and Helga Masthoff won the singles titles.", "title": "1971 Swedish Open" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1978 the tournament moved from the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills, Queens to the larger USTA National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, Queens, three miles to the north. In the process, the tournament switched the court surface from clay, used in the last three years at Forest Hills, to hard courts. Jimmy Connors is the only individual to have won US Open singles titles on all three surfaces (grass, clay, hardcourt), while Chris Evert is the only woman to win on two surfaces (clay, hardcourt). The US Open is the only Grand Slam tournament that has been played every year since its inception. During the 2006 US Open, the complex was renamed the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in honor of four - time tournament champion and women's tennis pioneer Billie Jean King.", "title": "US Open (tennis)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adeyemo Fatai is a male former table tennis player from Nigeria. From 1985 to 1994 he won several medals in singles, doubles, and team events in the African Table Tennis Championships. He competed in men's doubles at the 1988 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Adeyemo Fatai" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The French Open (French: Championnats Internationaux de France de Tennis), also called Roland - Garros (French: (ʁɔlɑ̃ ɡaʁos)), is a major tennis tournament held over two weeks between late May and early June at the Stade Roland - Garros in Paris, France. The venue is named after the French aviator Roland Garros. It is the premier clay court tennis championship event in the world and the second of four annual Grand Slam tournaments, the other three being the Australian Open, Wimbledon and the US Open. The French Open is currently the only Grand Slam event held on clay, and it is the zenith of the spring clay court season. Because of the seven rounds needed for a championship, the slow - playing surface and the best - of - five - set men's singles matches (without a tiebreak in the final set), the event is widely considered to be the most physically demanding tennis tournament in the world.", "title": "French Open" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1990 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 110th edition of the US Open and was held from August 27 to September 9, 1990.", "title": "1990 US Open (tennis)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Flavio Cipolla (born 20 October 1983) is a professional tennis player on the ATP Tour from Italy. He reached the second round at the French Open of 2007, where he lost to Rafael Nadal. He reached the 3rd round of the 2008 US Open. His career high rank is No. 70, achieved on 23 April 2012.", "title": "Flavio Cipolla" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Table tennis at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London took place from Thursday 30 August to Saturday 8 September 2012 at ExCeL Exhibition Centre. 276 athletes, 174 men and 102 women, competed in 29 events. Table tennis events have been held at the Paralympics since the first Games in Rome in 1960.", "title": "Table tennis at the 2012 Summer Paralympics" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Andy Murray and Jamie Murray were the defending champions but decided to participate at Basel instead. The brothers Bob and Mike Bryan became the new champions, defeating Eric Butorac and Jean-Julien Rojer in the final.", "title": "2011 Valencia Open 500 – Doubles" } ]	Who is the sibling of the player who won the 2012 U.S. Open Men's Singles final?	Jamie Murray	[]	Title: French Open Passage: The French Open (French: Championnats Internationaux de France de Tennis), also called Roland - Garros (French: (ʁɔlɑ̃ ɡaʁos)), is a major tennis tournament held over two weeks between late May and early June at the Stade Roland - Garros in Paris, France. The venue is named after the French aviator Roland Garros. It is the premier clay court tennis championship event in the world and the second of four annual Grand Slam tournaments, the other three being the Australian Open, Wimbledon and the US Open. The French Open is currently the only Grand Slam event held on clay, and it is the zenith of the spring clay court season. Because of the seven rounds needed for a championship, the slow - playing surface and the best - of - five - set men's singles matches (without a tiebreak in the final set), the event is widely considered to be the most physically demanding tennis tournament in the world. Title: Roger Federer Passage: Federer has won a record eight Wimbledon titles, a joint - record six Australian Open titles, a record five consecutive US Open titles, and one French Open title. He is one of eight men to have captured a career Grand Slam. Federer has reached a record 30 men's singles Grand Slam finals, including 10 in a row from the 2005 Wimbledon Championships to the 2007 US Open. He reached the semifinals at 23 consecutive Grand Slam tournaments, from the 2004 Wimbledon Championships through to the 2010 Australian Open. Federer has also won a record six ATP Finals, 27 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 titles, and a record 20 ATP World Tour 500 titles. Given these achievements, many players and analysts consider Federer the greatest tennis player of all time. Title: Zsuzsa Körmöczy Passage: Zsuzsa Körmöczy (25 August 1924 – 16 September 2006) was a female tennis player from Hungary. She reached a career high of World No. 2 in women's tennis, and won the 1958 French Open at the age of 34. Title: Australian Open Passage: The Australian Open is a tennis tournament held annually over the last fortnight of January in Melbourne, Australia. First held in 1905, the tournament is chronologically the first of the four Grand Slam tennis events of the year -- the other three being the French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open. It features men's and women's singles; men's, women's and mixed doubles and junior's championships; as well as wheelchair, legends and exhibition events. Prior to 1988 the tournament had been played on grass courts, but since then two types of hardcourt surfaces have been used at Melbourne Park -- green coloured Rebound Ace up to 2007 and, afterwards, blue Plexicushion. Title: US Open (tennis) Passage: The US Open is held annually, starting on the last Monday in August, and lasting for two weeks into September, with the middle weekend coinciding with the Labor Day holiday. The main tournament consists of five event championships: men's and women's singles, men's and women's doubles, and mixed doubles, with additional tournaments for senior, junior, and wheelchair players. Since 1978, the tournament has been played on acrylic hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows -- Corona Park, Queens, New York City. The US Open is owned and organized by the United States Tennis Association (USTA), a not - for - profit organization. Net proceeds from ticket sales, sponsorships, and television deals are used to promote the development of tennis in the United States. Title: 1993 US Open – Men's Doubles Passage: The Men's Doubles tournament at the 1993 US Open was held from August 30 to September 12, 1993, on the outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City, United States. Ken Flach and Rick Leach won the title, defeating Karel Nováček and Martin Damm in the final. Title: Sheridan Snyder Tennis Center Passage: The Sheridan Snyder Tennis Center at the University of Virginia opened in 1997 right next to Memorial Gymnasium. The 13-court facility showcases Virginia's men's and women's tennis teams. Title: 1990 US Open (tennis) Passage: The 1990 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 110th edition of the US Open and was held from August 27 to September 9, 1990. Title: 2011 Valencia Open 500 – Doubles Passage: Andy Murray and Jamie Murray were the defending champions but decided to participate at Basel instead. The brothers Bob and Mike Bryan became the new champions, defeating Eric Butorac and Jean-Julien Rojer in the final. Title: US Open (tennis) Passage: In 1978 the tournament moved from the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills, Queens to the larger USTA National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, Queens, three miles to the north. In the process, the tournament switched the court surface from clay, used in the last three years at Forest Hills, to hard courts. Jimmy Connors is the only individual to have won US Open singles titles on all three surfaces (grass, clay, hardcourt), while Chris Evert is the only woman to win on two surfaces (clay, hardcourt). The US Open is the only Grand Slam tournament that has been played every year since its inception. During the 2006 US Open, the complex was renamed the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in honor of four - time tournament champion and women's tennis pioneer Billie Jean King. Title: Édouard Roger-Vasselin Passage: Édouard Roger-Vasselin (; born 28 November 1983) is a male tennis player from France. He won the men's doubles title at Roland Garros in 2014, partnering Julien Benneteau. He is the son of 1983 French Open semifinalist Christophe Roger-Vasselin. Title: Table tennis at the 2012 Summer Paralympics Passage: Table tennis at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London took place from Thursday 30 August to Saturday 8 September 2012 at ExCeL Exhibition Centre. 276 athletes, 174 men and 102 women, competed in 29 events. Table tennis events have been held at the Paralympics since the first Games in Rome in 1960. Title: Adeyemo Fatai Passage: Adeyemo Fatai is a male former table tennis player from Nigeria. From 1985 to 1994 he won several medals in singles, doubles, and team events in the African Table Tennis Championships. He competed in men's doubles at the 1988 Summer Olympics. Title: 1992 BMW Open Passage: The 1992 BMW Open was an Association of Tennis Professionals men's tennis tournament held in Munich, Germany. It was the 76th edition of the edition of the tournament and was held from 27 April through 4 May 1992. Magnus Larsson won the singles title. Title: Table tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's singles Passage: The men's singles table tennis event was part of the table tennis programme at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. The event took place from Saturday 28 July to Thursday 2 August 2012 at ExCeL London. The tournament was a single elimination tournament with a third place playoff played between the two losing semi-finalists. In the 2008 event all three medals were won by Chinese athletes with Ma Lin taking gold. Title: 1995 Open 13 Passage: The 1995 Open 13 was a men's Association of Tennis Professionals tennis tournament held in Marseille, France and played on indoor carpet courts. The event was part of the World Series of the 1995 ATP Tour. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from 6 February to 13 February 1995. Boris Becker won the singles title. Title: Flavio Cipolla Passage: Flavio Cipolla (born 20 October 1983) is a professional tennis player on the ATP Tour from Italy. He reached the second round at the French Open of 2007, where he lost to Rafael Nadal. He reached the 3rd round of the 2008 US Open. His career high rank is No. 70, achieved on 23 April 2012. Title: 1971 Swedish Open Passage: The 1971 Swedish Open was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts held in Båstad, Sweden. The event was classified as a Group C category tournament and was part of the 1971 Grand Prix circuit. It was the 24th edition of the tournament and was held from 5 July through 11 July 1971. Ilie Năstase and Helga Masthoff won the singles titles. Title: 2012 US Open – Men's singles final Passage: The 2012 US Open Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2012 US Open. In the final, Andy Murray defeated defending champion Novak Djokovic 7 -- 6, 7 -- 5, 2 -- 6, 3 -- 6, 6 -- 2 to win the match. It was the equal - longest US Open men's final in history, lasting 4 hours and 54 minutes (equalling the 1988 US Open final played by Ivan Lendl and Mats Wilander), and the equal second - longest men's final in the Open era, only behind the 2012 Australian Open final. By winning the 2012 US Open, Murray became the first British man since Fred Perry in 1936 to win a Grand Slam singles title, and the first British man in the Open Era to do so. The match is a significant part of the rivalry between the two players. This match also marked a milestone for Murray, as it was his 100th match win at a grand slam tournament. Title: Marko Jevtović Passage: Marko Jevtović (, born 5 January 1987 in Belgrade, SR Serbia, Yugoslavia) is a Serbian table tennis player. At the 2009 Summer Universiade, he won a bronze medal in the Men's doubles. He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Men's singles, but was defeated in the first round.	[ "2012 US Open – Men's singles final", "2011 Valencia Open 500 – Doubles" ]
2hop__245835_762148	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Unexploded is the name of a one-man rock band as well as the alias of its singer-songwriter member. Founded in 2002, Unexploded was asked to perform at several festivals in 2004, but settled for releases on 2 compilations; one in Japan on Stargate Recordings Antenna Volume One in company with amongst others Bill Laswell.", "title": "Unexploded" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It authorized the Secretary of the Interior to list endangered domestic fish and wildlife and allowed the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to spend up to $15 million per year to buy habitats for listed species. It also directed federal land agencies to preserve habitat on their lands. The Act also consolidated and even expanded authority for the Secretary of the Interior to manage and administer the National Wildlife Refuge System. Other public agencies were encouraged, but not required, to protect species. The act did not address the commerce in endangered species and parts.", "title": "Endangered Species Act of 1973" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On the show, viewers were asked to send in postcards describing something that they wanted to see on television, such as the reenactment of William Tell shooting an apple off his son's head. (1950 US national archery champion Stan Overby performed the feat, shooting an apple off his assistant's head.)", "title": "You Asked for It" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Brunswick Boat Group, headquartered in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States, is the largest maker of pleasure boats in the world. The company's net sales were US$1.7 billion in 2008, and US$1.0 billion in 2012. The Boat Group makes Sea Ray, Bayliner and Meridian pleasure boats; Boston Whaler offshore fishing boats; and Crestliner, Cypress Cay, Harris (formerly FloteBote), Lowe, Lund, Princecraft fishing, deck and pontoon boats. Brunswick is one of the largest boat makers by units in Europe, with Quicksilver, Uttern and Valiant boat brands. In New Zealand, Brunswick also owns the Rayglass boat brand. Brunswick markets its specialty boats through Brunswick Commercial and Government Products. Attwood and Kellogg boat parts and accessories, once a part of the group, are now a part of the Mercury Marine group.", "title": "Brunswick Boat Group" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Ask for More\" is a song performed by Janet Jackson as part of an advertising campaign for soft drink company Pepsi in 1999.", "title": "Ask for More" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fish Islands () are a group of small islands lying in the northern part of the entrance to Holtedahl Bay, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. They were discovered and named by the British Graham Land Expedition, 1934–37, under John Rymill.", "title": "Fish Islands" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pike Place Fish Market, founded in 1930, is an open air fish market located in Seattle, Washington's Pike Place Market, at the corner of Pike Street and Pike Place. It is known for their tradition of fishmongers throwing fish that customers have purchased, before they are wrapped. After nearing bankruptcy in 1986, the fish market owner and employees decided to become \"world famous\", changing their way of doing business by introducing their flying fish, games, and customer performances. Four years later, they were featured repeatedly in the national media and television shows. The store is now a popular tourist destination in Seattle, attracting up to 10,000 daily visitors, and is often billed as world-famous.", "title": "Pike Place Fish Market" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2002, Erna was asked to write and perform a song for the soundtrack to The Scorpion King. The motion picture was the third in the Mummy saga, and was a spin-off prequel of the Mummy series. The song Godsmack wrote and performed was titled \"I Stand Alone\" and the song became the number 1 single at Rock Radio and the most played Active Rock song in 2002 for 14 weeks straight. It was also used in the game Prince of Persia: Warrior Within.", "title": "Godsmack" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barizo is a fishing town in the northern part of Spain, specifically along the Costa da Morte in the province of A Coruña in the autonomous region of Galicia.", "title": "Barizo" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The evolution of fish began about 530 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion. It was during this time that the early chordates developed the skull and the vertebral column, leading to the first craniates and vertebrates. The first fish lineages belong to the Agnatha, or jawless fish. Early examples include Haikouichthys. During the late Cambrian, eel - like jawless fish called the conodonts, and small mostly armoured fish known as ostracoderms, first appeared. Most jawless fish are now extinct; but the extant lampreys may approximate ancient pre-jawed fish. Lampreys belong to the Cyclostomata, which includes the extant hagfish, and this group may have split early on from other agnathans.", "title": "Evolution of fish" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Vince Herman is a guitarist and singer and songwriter best known for being one of the founding members of Leftover Salmon. Leftover Salmon started in 1989 as somewhat of a melding of the Left Hand String Band and the Salmonheads, and became more and more popular over the sixteen years that followed. The band decided to go their separate ways in 2005, but still play together (billed as Leftover Salmon) on occasion. Since the hiatus, Herman formed a new band named Great American Taxi, who released their debut album in 2007. GAT toured extensively and garnered a following, with hijinx such as joining Peter Rowan on stage, playing a Ficus tree for Moonalice. Often when finishing the first jam of the night he tells the crowd \"I feel a hell of a lot more like I do now than I did a few minutes ago\". Vince toured with GAT until the Leftover Salmon tours called Vince away in 2013. Rumor has it you can find him playing in Oregon these days. Great American Taxi is an ever evolving band with the likes of Todd Snider and Tim Carbone taking the stage since Vince's departure.", "title": "Vince Herman" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The USFWS originated in 1871 as the United States Commission on Fish and Fisheries, more commonly referred to as the United States Fish Commission, created by the United States Congress with the purpose of studying and recommending solutions to a noted decline in the stocks of food fish. Spencer Fullerton Baird was appointed its first commissioner. In 1903, the Fish Commission was reorganized as the United States Bureau of Fisheries.", "title": "United States Fish and Wildlife Service" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Licence to Kill ''-- Gladys Knight`` Wedding Party'' -- Ivory ``Dirty Love ''-- Tim Feehan`` Pam'' ``If You Asked Me To ''-- Patti LaBelle`` James & Felix on Their Way to Church'' ``His Funny Valentine ''`` Sanchez Is in the Bahamas / Shark Fishing'' ``Ninja ''`` Licence Revoked''", "title": "Licence to Kill (soundtrack)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visitor activities include picnicking, camping, and fishing at the lake, as well as viewing one of the most extensive dinosaur trackways in North America. Clayton Lake was created by the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish in 1955 as a fishing lake and winter waterfowl resting area.", "title": "Clayton Lake State Park" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tatla Lake is a freshwater lake in the West Chilcotin area of British Columbia, Canada, situated just east of the community of Tatla Lake, British Columbia. This long, narrow lake, known for good kokanee fishing, is part of the Fraser River drainage basin.", "title": "Tatla Lake" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ctenophores may be abundant during the summer months in some coastal locations, but in other places they are uncommon and difficult to find. In bays where they occur in very high numbers, predation by ctenophores may control the populations of small zooplanktonic organisms such as copepods, which might otherwise wipe out the phytoplankton (planktonic plants), which are a vital part of marine food chains. One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea, where it is blamed for causing fish stocks to collapse by eating both fish larvae and organisms that would otherwise have fed the fish. The situation was aggravated by other factors, such as over-fishing and long-term environmental changes that promoted the growth of the Mnemiopsis population. The later accidental introduction of Beroe helped to mitigate the problem, as Beroe preys on other ctenophores.", "title": "Ctenophora" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Don't Ask Me Why\" is a Billy Joel song released in 1980. The track contains all acoustic and Latin percussion instruments performing in an Afro-Cuban rhythmic style. An eclectic, instrumental \"Latin Ballroom\" piano solo, played over the bridge section after the second verse, is also featured in part of the song; Joel states that the mix for the midsection includes \"fifteen pianos overdubbed on top of each other.\" The song spent two weeks at number one on the Adult Contemporary chart and peaked at number nineteen on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "title": "Don't Ask Me Why (Billy Joel song)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Salamansa is a village in the northeastern part of the island of Sao Vicente, Cape Verde. It is situated on the north coast, approximately 5 km northeast of the city centre of Mindelo. In 2010 its population was 1,179. Salamansa is a fishing village with a long sandy beach.", "title": "Salamansa" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The song originally featured Hunte on the hook, but when Hunte and Sewell-Ulepic were asked if they thought anyone else would be more appropriate for the chorus, Hunte suggested Keys. Mary J. Blige was also considered for the part, but Keys was chosen after Jay-Z heard the song's piano loop. \"Empire State of Mind\" contains songwriting contributions from Keys and Shux. The song was described by critics as an \"orchestral rap ballad\" with \"crashing piano chords\" and a \"soaring\" hook. It contains references to various locations in New York and its famous residents, while describing the city's essence. Profanity is present throughout the song and, although it is usually included during live performances, it was omitted during the performance at Game 2 of the 2009 World Series.", "title": "Empire State of Mind" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ask The Fish is a 1995 (see 1995 in music) live album by Leftover Salmon. It was originally released in 1995, but was reissued once in 1997 by Hollywood Records, and another time in 2001 on Bert Records.", "title": "Ask the Fish" } ]	Who is part of the group performing Ask the Fish?	Vince Herman	[]	Title: Godsmack Passage: In 2002, Erna was asked to write and perform a song for the soundtrack to The Scorpion King. The motion picture was the third in the Mummy saga, and was a spin-off prequel of the Mummy series. The song Godsmack wrote and performed was titled "I Stand Alone" and the song became the number 1 single at Rock Radio and the most played Active Rock song in 2002 for 14 weeks straight. It was also used in the game Prince of Persia: Warrior Within. Title: Tatla Lake Passage: Tatla Lake is a freshwater lake in the West Chilcotin area of British Columbia, Canada, situated just east of the community of Tatla Lake, British Columbia. This long, narrow lake, known for good kokanee fishing, is part of the Fraser River drainage basin. Title: Licence to Kill (soundtrack) Passage: ``Licence to Kill ''-- Gladys Knight`` Wedding Party'' -- Ivory ``Dirty Love ''-- Tim Feehan`` Pam'' ``If You Asked Me To ''-- Patti LaBelle`` James & Felix on Their Way to Church'' ``His Funny Valentine ''`` Sanchez Is in the Bahamas / Shark Fishing'' ``Ninja ''`` Licence Revoked'' Title: Clayton Lake State Park Passage: Visitor activities include picnicking, camping, and fishing at the lake, as well as viewing one of the most extensive dinosaur trackways in North America. Clayton Lake was created by the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish in 1955 as a fishing lake and winter waterfowl resting area. Title: Ask for More Passage: "Ask for More" is a song performed by Janet Jackson as part of an advertising campaign for soft drink company Pepsi in 1999. Title: Ask the Fish Passage: Ask The Fish is a 1995 (see 1995 in music) live album by Leftover Salmon. It was originally released in 1995, but was reissued once in 1997 by Hollywood Records, and another time in 2001 on Bert Records. Title: Ctenophora Passage: Ctenophores may be abundant during the summer months in some coastal locations, but in other places they are uncommon and difficult to find. In bays where they occur in very high numbers, predation by ctenophores may control the populations of small zooplanktonic organisms such as copepods, which might otherwise wipe out the phytoplankton (planktonic plants), which are a vital part of marine food chains. One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea, where it is blamed for causing fish stocks to collapse by eating both fish larvae and organisms that would otherwise have fed the fish. The situation was aggravated by other factors, such as over-fishing and long-term environmental changes that promoted the growth of the Mnemiopsis population. The later accidental introduction of Beroe helped to mitigate the problem, as Beroe preys on other ctenophores. Title: Brunswick Boat Group Passage: The Brunswick Boat Group, headquartered in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States, is the largest maker of pleasure boats in the world. The company's net sales were US$1.7 billion in 2008, and US$1.0 billion in 2012. The Boat Group makes Sea Ray, Bayliner and Meridian pleasure boats; Boston Whaler offshore fishing boats; and Crestliner, Cypress Cay, Harris (formerly FloteBote), Lowe, Lund, Princecraft fishing, deck and pontoon boats. Brunswick is one of the largest boat makers by units in Europe, with Quicksilver, Uttern and Valiant boat brands. In New Zealand, Brunswick also owns the Rayglass boat brand. Brunswick markets its specialty boats through Brunswick Commercial and Government Products. Attwood and Kellogg boat parts and accessories, once a part of the group, are now a part of the Mercury Marine group. Title: Pike Place Fish Market Passage: The Pike Place Fish Market, founded in 1930, is an open air fish market located in Seattle, Washington's Pike Place Market, at the corner of Pike Street and Pike Place. It is known for their tradition of fishmongers throwing fish that customers have purchased, before they are wrapped. After nearing bankruptcy in 1986, the fish market owner and employees decided to become "world famous", changing their way of doing business by introducing their flying fish, games, and customer performances. Four years later, they were featured repeatedly in the national media and television shows. The store is now a popular tourist destination in Seattle, attracting up to 10,000 daily visitors, and is often billed as world-famous. Title: Don't Ask Me Why (Billy Joel song) Passage: "Don't Ask Me Why" is a Billy Joel song released in 1980. The track contains all acoustic and Latin percussion instruments performing in an Afro-Cuban rhythmic style. An eclectic, instrumental "Latin Ballroom" piano solo, played over the bridge section after the second verse, is also featured in part of the song; Joel states that the mix for the midsection includes "fifteen pianos overdubbed on top of each other." The song spent two weeks at number one on the Adult Contemporary chart and peaked at number nineteen on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Title: Evolution of fish Passage: The evolution of fish began about 530 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion. It was during this time that the early chordates developed the skull and the vertebral column, leading to the first craniates and vertebrates. The first fish lineages belong to the Agnatha, or jawless fish. Early examples include Haikouichthys. During the late Cambrian, eel - like jawless fish called the conodonts, and small mostly armoured fish known as ostracoderms, first appeared. Most jawless fish are now extinct; but the extant lampreys may approximate ancient pre-jawed fish. Lampreys belong to the Cyclostomata, which includes the extant hagfish, and this group may have split early on from other agnathans. Title: Unexploded Passage: Unexploded is the name of a one-man rock band as well as the alias of its singer-songwriter member. Founded in 2002, Unexploded was asked to perform at several festivals in 2004, but settled for releases on 2 compilations; one in Japan on Stargate Recordings Antenna Volume One in company with amongst others Bill Laswell. Title: Barizo Passage: Barizo is a fishing town in the northern part of Spain, specifically along the Costa da Morte in the province of A Coruña in the autonomous region of Galicia. Title: Vince Herman Passage: Vince Herman is a guitarist and singer and songwriter best known for being one of the founding members of Leftover Salmon. Leftover Salmon started in 1989 as somewhat of a melding of the Left Hand String Band and the Salmonheads, and became more and more popular over the sixteen years that followed. The band decided to go their separate ways in 2005, but still play together (billed as Leftover Salmon) on occasion. Since the hiatus, Herman formed a new band named Great American Taxi, who released their debut album in 2007. GAT toured extensively and garnered a following, with hijinx such as joining Peter Rowan on stage, playing a Ficus tree for Moonalice. Often when finishing the first jam of the night he tells the crowd "I feel a hell of a lot more like I do now than I did a few minutes ago". Vince toured with GAT until the Leftover Salmon tours called Vince away in 2013. Rumor has it you can find him playing in Oregon these days. Great American Taxi is an ever evolving band with the likes of Todd Snider and Tim Carbone taking the stage since Vince's departure. Title: Endangered Species Act of 1973 Passage: It authorized the Secretary of the Interior to list endangered domestic fish and wildlife and allowed the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to spend up to $15 million per year to buy habitats for listed species. It also directed federal land agencies to preserve habitat on their lands. The Act also consolidated and even expanded authority for the Secretary of the Interior to manage and administer the National Wildlife Refuge System. Other public agencies were encouraged, but not required, to protect species. The act did not address the commerce in endangered species and parts. Title: Salamansa Passage: Salamansa is a village in the northeastern part of the island of Sao Vicente, Cape Verde. It is situated on the north coast, approximately 5 km northeast of the city centre of Mindelo. In 2010 its population was 1,179. Salamansa is a fishing village with a long sandy beach. Title: You Asked for It Passage: On the show, viewers were asked to send in postcards describing something that they wanted to see on television, such as the reenactment of William Tell shooting an apple off his son's head. (1950 US national archery champion Stan Overby performed the feat, shooting an apple off his assistant's head.) Title: United States Fish and Wildlife Service Passage: The USFWS originated in 1871 as the United States Commission on Fish and Fisheries, more commonly referred to as the United States Fish Commission, created by the United States Congress with the purpose of studying and recommending solutions to a noted decline in the stocks of food fish. Spencer Fullerton Baird was appointed its first commissioner. In 1903, the Fish Commission was reorganized as the United States Bureau of Fisheries. Title: Empire State of Mind Passage: The song originally featured Hunte on the hook, but when Hunte and Sewell-Ulepic were asked if they thought anyone else would be more appropriate for the chorus, Hunte suggested Keys. Mary J. Blige was also considered for the part, but Keys was chosen after Jay-Z heard the song's piano loop. "Empire State of Mind" contains songwriting contributions from Keys and Shux. The song was described by critics as an "orchestral rap ballad" with "crashing piano chords" and a "soaring" hook. It contains references to various locations in New York and its famous residents, while describing the city's essence. Profanity is present throughout the song and, although it is usually included during live performances, it was omitted during the performance at Game 2 of the 2009 World Series. Title: Fish Islands Passage: The Fish Islands () are a group of small islands lying in the northern part of the entrance to Holtedahl Bay, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. They were discovered and named by the British Graham Land Expedition, 1934–37, under John Rymill.	[ "Vince Herman", "Ask the Fish" ]
2hop__593688_292889	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Stade de ASC HLM is a multi-use stadium in Dakar, Senegal. It is currently used mostly for football matches and serves as a home ground of ASC HLM. The stadium holds 5,000 people.", "title": "Stade de ASC HLM" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ice hockey, referred to as simply ``hockey '', is Canada's most prevalent winter sport, its most popular spectator sport, and its most successful sport in international competition. It is Canada's official national winter sport. Lacrosse, a sport with Indigenous origins, is Canada's oldest and official summer sport. Canadian football is Canada's second most popular spectator sport, being the most popular in the prairie provinces. The Canadian Football League's annual championship, the Grey Cup, is one of the country's largest annual sports events. While other sports have a larger spectator base, Association football, known in Canada as soccer in both English and French, has the most registered players of any team sport in Canada. Professional teams exist in many cities in Canada. Statistics Canada reports that the top ten sports that Canadians participate in are golf, ice hockey, swimming, soccer, basketball, baseball, volleyball, skiing (downhill and alpine), cycling and tennis.", "title": "Sports in Canada" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The PA-8000 (PCX-U), code-named \"Onyx\", is a microprocessor developed and fabricated by Hewlett-Packard (HP) that implemented the PA-RISC 2.0 instruction set architecture (ISA). It was a completely new design with no circuitry derived from previous PA-RISC microprocessors. The PA-8000 was introduced on 2 November 1995 when shipments began to members of the Precision RISC Organization (PRO). It was used exclusively by PRO members and was not sold on the merchant market. All follow-on PA-8x00 processors (PA-8200 to PA-8900, described further below) are based on the basic PA-8000 processor core.", "title": "PA-8000" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center.", "title": "Sacramento Kings" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bennigsen Beavers were established in 1993 as a department of FC Bennigsen, and became an independent sporting team on January 1, 2004. The club fielded 7 teams for the 2005 season, including three men's teams, a women's team, a junior team, a youth team and a student team. As of mid-2005, the Beavers claimed a total of 97 Members.", "title": "Bennigsen Beavers" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Amadou Séré (born 30 December 1987 in Ouagadougou) is a Burkinabé football (soccer) goalkeeper with Etoile Filante Ouagadougou of the Burkinabé Premier League.", "title": "Amadou Séré" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joseph Hubert Cogels (14 January 1894 – 26 July 1978) was a Belgian sport shooter who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. In 1920 he won the silver medal as member of the Belgian team in the team clay pigeons competition.", "title": "Joseph Cogels" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sébastien Huyghe (born October 25, 1969 in Béthune, Pas-de-Calais) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Nord department, and is a member of the Republicans.", "title": "Sébastien Huyghe" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Charlotte 49ers represent the NCAA Division I sports teams of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. A founding member of Conference USA (C-USA), Charlotte rejoined the conference in 2013 after spending eight years as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. Previously, Charlotte was a charter member of the Sun Belt Conference and was a member of the Metro Conference.", "title": "Charlotte 49ers" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "L'important c'est la rose is a song written by Louis Amade and Gilbert Bécaud, and recorded by Gilbert Bécaud, released 1967.", "title": "L'important c'est la rose" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pa Amadou Gai (born June 18, 1984 in Bakau) is a Gambian soccer player who currently plays for ASC HLM,", "title": "Pa Amadou Gai" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mohammad Ranjbar (1 January 1935 – 29 June 2004) was an Iranian footballer and coach. Ranjbar played for Taj Tehran and Pas Tehran. He was a member and captain of Iran national football team. He was also head coach of national team in 1972.", "title": "Mohammad Ranjbar" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sports played on the island include football, cricket, volleyball, tennis, golf, motocross, shooting sports and yachting. Saint Helena has sent teams to a number of Commonwealth Games. Saint Helena is a member of the International Island Games Association. The Saint Helena cricket team made its debut in international cricket in Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League in 2011.", "title": "Saint Helena" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rex Wockner (born 1957) is an American freelance journalist who has reported news for the gay press and mainstream periodicals since 1985. His work has appeared in more than 325 gay publications in 38 countries.", "title": "Rex Wockner" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michèle San Vicente-Baudrin (born 19 May 1955) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Pas-de-Calais department. She is a member of the Socialist Party.", "title": "Michèle San Vicente-Baudrin" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ann Arbor is a major scene of college sports, most notably at the University of Michigan, a member of the Big Ten Conference. Several well-known college sports facilities exist in the city, including Michigan Stadium, the largest American football stadium in the world. The stadium was completed in 1927 and cost more than $950,000 to build. It has a 109,901 seating capacity after multiple renovations were made. The stadium is colloquially known as \"The Big House\". Crisler Center and Yost Ice Arena play host to the school's basketball (both men's and women's) and ice hockey teams, respectively. Concordia University, a member of the NAIA, also fields sports teams.", "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sport forms an integral part of German life, as demonstrated by the fact that 27 million Germans are members of a sports club and an additional twelve million pursue such an activity individually. Football is by far the most popular sport, and the German Football Federation (Deutscher Fußballbund) with more than 6.3 million members is the largest athletic organisation in the country. It also attracts the greatest audience, with hundreds of thousands of spectators attending Bundesliga matches and millions more watching on television.", "title": "Germans" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michel Sergent (born December 27, 1943) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Pas-de-Calais department. He is a member of the Socialist Party.", "title": "Michel Sergent" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gambia Women's National Football Team represents the Gambia in international football competition. The team, however, has not competed in a match recognised by FIFA, the sport's international governing body, despite that organised women's football has been played in the country since 1998. The Gambia has two youth teams, an under-17 side that has competed in FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup qualifiers, and an under-19 side that withdrew from regional qualifiers for an under-19 World Cup. The development of a national team faces challenges similar to those across Africa, although the national football association has four staff members focusing on women's football.", "title": "Gambia women's national football team" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Vatican Cricket Team is an amateur cricket team established by the Vatican to help establish ties between the Catholic Church and countries and regions where the sport is popular including India and the Caribbean and to encourage inter-faith dialogue.", "title": "Vatican Cricket Team" } ]	What country does team that Pa Amadou Gai is a member of play for?	Senegal	[ "SEN" ]	Title: Michèle San Vicente-Baudrin Passage: Michèle San Vicente-Baudrin (born 19 May 1955) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Pas-de-Calais department. She is a member of the Socialist Party. Title: Sports in Canada Passage: Ice hockey, referred to as simply ``hockey '', is Canada's most prevalent winter sport, its most popular spectator sport, and its most successful sport in international competition. It is Canada's official national winter sport. Lacrosse, a sport with Indigenous origins, is Canada's oldest and official summer sport. Canadian football is Canada's second most popular spectator sport, being the most popular in the prairie provinces. The Canadian Football League's annual championship, the Grey Cup, is one of the country's largest annual sports events. While other sports have a larger spectator base, Association football, known in Canada as soccer in both English and French, has the most registered players of any team sport in Canada. Professional teams exist in many cities in Canada. Statistics Canada reports that the top ten sports that Canadians participate in are golf, ice hockey, swimming, soccer, basketball, baseball, volleyball, skiing (downhill and alpine), cycling and tennis. Title: Rex Wockner Passage: Rex Wockner (born 1957) is an American freelance journalist who has reported news for the gay press and mainstream periodicals since 1985. His work has appeared in more than 325 gay publications in 38 countries. Title: Amadou Séré Passage: Amadou Séré (born 30 December 1987 in Ouagadougou) is a Burkinabé football (soccer) goalkeeper with Etoile Filante Ouagadougou of the Burkinabé Premier League. Title: Stade de ASC HLM Passage: Stade de ASC HLM is a multi-use stadium in Dakar, Senegal. It is currently used mostly for football matches and serves as a home ground of ASC HLM. The stadium holds 5,000 people. Title: Sébastien Huyghe Passage: Sébastien Huyghe (born October 25, 1969 in Béthune, Pas-de-Calais) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Nord department, and is a member of the Republicans. Title: Charlotte 49ers Passage: The Charlotte 49ers represent the NCAA Division I sports teams of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. A founding member of Conference USA (C-USA), Charlotte rejoined the conference in 2013 after spending eight years as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. Previously, Charlotte was a charter member of the Sun Belt Conference and was a member of the Metro Conference. Title: Gambia women's national football team Passage: The Gambia Women's National Football Team represents the Gambia in international football competition. The team, however, has not competed in a match recognised by FIFA, the sport's international governing body, despite that organised women's football has been played in the country since 1998. The Gambia has two youth teams, an under-17 side that has competed in FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup qualifiers, and an under-19 side that withdrew from regional qualifiers for an under-19 World Cup. The development of a national team faces challenges similar to those across Africa, although the national football association has four staff members focusing on women's football. Title: Pa Amadou Gai Passage: Pa Amadou Gai (born June 18, 1984 in Bakau) is a Gambian soccer player who currently plays for ASC HLM, Title: PA-8000 Passage: The PA-8000 (PCX-U), code-named "Onyx", is a microprocessor developed and fabricated by Hewlett-Packard (HP) that implemented the PA-RISC 2.0 instruction set architecture (ISA). It was a completely new design with no circuitry derived from previous PA-RISC microprocessors. The PA-8000 was introduced on 2 November 1995 when shipments began to members of the Precision RISC Organization (PRO). It was used exclusively by PRO members and was not sold on the merchant market. All follow-on PA-8x00 processors (PA-8200 to PA-8900, described further below) are based on the basic PA-8000 processor core. Title: L'important c'est la rose Passage: L'important c'est la rose is a song written by Louis Amade and Gilbert Bécaud, and recorded by Gilbert Bécaud, released 1967. Title: Sacramento Kings Passage: The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center. Title: Mohammad Ranjbar Passage: Mohammad Ranjbar (1 January 1935 – 29 June 2004) was an Iranian footballer and coach. Ranjbar played for Taj Tehran and Pas Tehran. He was a member and captain of Iran national football team. He was also head coach of national team in 1972. Title: Saint Helena Passage: Sports played on the island include football, cricket, volleyball, tennis, golf, motocross, shooting sports and yachting. Saint Helena has sent teams to a number of Commonwealth Games. Saint Helena is a member of the International Island Games Association. The Saint Helena cricket team made its debut in international cricket in Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League in 2011. Title: Bennigsen Beavers Passage: The Bennigsen Beavers were established in 1993 as a department of FC Bennigsen, and became an independent sporting team on January 1, 2004. The club fielded 7 teams for the 2005 season, including three men's teams, a women's team, a junior team, a youth team and a student team. As of mid-2005, the Beavers claimed a total of 97 Members. Title: Michel Sergent Passage: Michel Sergent (born December 27, 1943) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Pas-de-Calais department. He is a member of the Socialist Party. Title: Vatican Cricket Team Passage: The Vatican Cricket Team is an amateur cricket team established by the Vatican to help establish ties between the Catholic Church and countries and regions where the sport is popular including India and the Caribbean and to encourage inter-faith dialogue. Title: Ann Arbor, Michigan Passage: Ann Arbor is a major scene of college sports, most notably at the University of Michigan, a member of the Big Ten Conference. Several well-known college sports facilities exist in the city, including Michigan Stadium, the largest American football stadium in the world. The stadium was completed in 1927 and cost more than $950,000 to build. It has a 109,901 seating capacity after multiple renovations were made. The stadium is colloquially known as "The Big House". Crisler Center and Yost Ice Arena play host to the school's basketball (both men's and women's) and ice hockey teams, respectively. Concordia University, a member of the NAIA, also fields sports teams. Title: Germans Passage: Sport forms an integral part of German life, as demonstrated by the fact that 27 million Germans are members of a sports club and an additional twelve million pursue such an activity individually. Football is by far the most popular sport, and the German Football Federation (Deutscher Fußballbund) with more than 6.3 million members is the largest athletic organisation in the country. It also attracts the greatest audience, with hundreds of thousands of spectators attending Bundesliga matches and millions more watching on television. Title: Joseph Cogels Passage: Joseph Hubert Cogels (14 January 1894 – 26 July 1978) was a Belgian sport shooter who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. In 1920 he won the silver medal as member of the Belgian team in the team clay pigeons competition.	[ "Stade de ASC HLM", "Pa Amadou Gai" ]
2hop__61714_89309	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``Niagara ''The Office episode Episode no. Season 6 Episode 4 / 5 Directed by Paul Feig Written by Greg Daniels Mindy Kaling Production code 604 / 605 Original air date October 8, 2009 Running time 44 minutes Guest appearance (s) Linda Purl as Helene Beesly Anna Camp as Penny Beesly Kelen Coleman as Isabel Poreba Tug Coker as Pete Halpert Michelle Gunn as the hotel receptionist Rick Overton as William Beesly Robert Pine as Gerald Halpert Blake Robbins as Tom Halpert Bobby Ray Shafer as Bob Vance Perry Smith as Betsy Halpert Peggy Stewart as Sylvia Episode chronology ← Previous`` The Promotion'' Next → ``Mafia ''The Office (U.S. season 6) List of The Office (U.S. TV series) episodes", "title": "Niagara (The Office)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The ``will they or wo n't they ''tension between Jim and Pam is a strong storyline in the early episodes of The Office, encompassing much of Seasons 1 to 3. In the opener of Season 4, the two characters are revealed to be dating, and as such, other character romances, such as the romance between fellow co-workers Dwight Schrute and Angela Martin, begin to move more toward the forefront of episodes. In Season 6, Jim and Pam are married in the season's 4th and 5th episodes (hour long), a feat considered noteworthy by many television critics, as bringing together the two lead love interests in a television series is often thought to be a risky venture. Their child is born in the second half of the season, during another hour long,`` The Delivery''. Pam and Jim's second child is born during season 8. In season 9, their marriage becomes strained when Jim takes up a second job in Philadelphia. They ultimately decide to leave Dunder Mifflin together so Jim can pursue his dream job.", "title": "Pam Beesly" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jim and Pam marry early in the season, at Niagara Falls, during the highly anticipated, hour long episode, ``Niagara ''. The ending of the episode, in which their co-workers dance down the aisle, is an imitation of a viral YouTube video -- JK Wedding Entrance Dance. Following the wedding, a multi-episode story arc begins in which it is revealed that Michael hooked up with Pam's mother the night of the wedding. The two break up during`` Double Date'', an episode that ends with Pam slapping Michael in response to his actions.", "title": "Pam Beesly" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pam's breastfeeding does not go well, and though a male lactation consultant (Lee Kirk, Jenna Fischer's husband, and at that time Jenna's fiance) is summoned to provide apparently successful coaching, Cecelia still fails to ``latch ''properly. Against the advice of the nurse, Jim and Pam opt to have Cecelia spend the night with them instead of in the nursery, and they are kept up long hours tending to her. A sleep - deprived Pam accidentally nurses a baby that belongs to a new mom (Melissa Rauch) in the same hospital room. As Jim and Pam get ready to leave the hospital, Pam manages to breast feed Cecelia while Jim gets the car (which is littered with parking tickets, thanks to Michael parking the car in an ambulance only zone).", "title": "The Delivery (The Office)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Video Demons Do Psychotown (also known as Bloodbath in Psycho Town) is a 1989 horror film written and co-directed by Alessandro De Gaetano and starring Ron Arragon, Donna Baltran, Dave Elliott, Pam Martin, and Myra Taylor. It was distributed by Troma Entertainment.", "title": "Video Demons Do Psychotown" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rwang Pam Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Jos, Nigeria. It is used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Jos teams JUTH F.C., Plateau United and Mighty Jets. The stadium has a capacity of 15,000 spectators.", "title": "Rwang Pam Stadium" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melissa Pam Ordway Gaston (born March 31, 1983) is an American actress and model. She has modeled in many campaigns and acted in such films as 17 Again and on television in Privileged. She currently portrays the character of Abby Newman on the drama series The Young and the Restless.", "title": "Melissa Ordway" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pam Shriver and Natasha Zvereva were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Shriver with Martina Navratilova and Zvereva with Gigi Fernández.", "title": "1992 US Open – Women's Doubles" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In ``The Merger '', Jim's and Pam's reunion is awkward. Pam is overjoyed, but Jim is clearly uncomfortable. He lets Pam know that he is seeing someone, and gradually Karen is introduced as his girlfriend. As Jim settles back in at Scranton, he uses his promotion as an excuse to avoid his old interactions and pranks with Pam, claiming that pulling pranks is not appropriate for his position. However, in time, Jim does return to his old ways, especially targeting Andy Bernard, a Stamford transfer, and Dwight.", "title": "Jim Halpert" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael Scott (Steve Carell) is frustrated that Take Your Daughter to Work Day will force him to tone down his office antics. Toby Flenderson (Paul Lieberstein) and Stanley Hudson (Leslie David Baker) bring their daughters, Sasha (Delaney Ruth Farrell) and Melissa (Jazz Raycole) respectively, Kevin Malone (Brian Baumgartner) brings his fiancée's daughter, Abby, and Meredith Palmer (Kate Flannery) brings her son, Jake (Spencer Daniels). Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer) is determined to befriend one child by the end of the day. She tries with Abby, who instead takes a liking to Jim. Pam watches, clearly endeared to Jim's way with kids. Sasha walks into Michael's office and plays with his toys, and after his jokes she is quite fond of him. Melissa develops a crush on Ryan Howard (B.J. Novak) and asks for his number, while Kelly Kapoor (Mindy Kaling) alerts Stanley that Ryan may be up to something. Stanley angrily reprimands a confused Ryan for his ``motives '', which Ryan later described as`` one of the most frightening experiences'' of his life.", "title": "Take Your Daughter to Work Day (The Office)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jim and Pam marry and have a baby named Cecelia Marie Halpert. Meanwhile, Andy and Erin develop mutual interest in one another, but find their inherent awkwardness inhibits his attempts to ask her out on a date. Rumors of bankruptcy begin to surround Dunder Mifflin, and by Christmas, Wallace announces to the branch that Dunder Mifflin has accepted a buyout from Sabre Corporation, a printer company. While Wallace and other executives are let go, the Scranton office survives due to its relative success within the company, and Michael Scott is now the highest level employee at Dunder Mifflin. In the season finale, Dwight buys the office park. Michael agrees to make an announcement to the press regarding a case of faulty printers. When Jo Bennet, Sabre CEO, asks how she can repay him, Michael responds that she could bring Holly back to the Scranton branch.", "title": "The Office (American TV series)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His character serves as the intelligent, mild - mannered straight man role to Michael, although it is also defined by a rivalrous pranking on fellow salesman Dwight Schrute and a romantic interest in receptionist Pam Beesly, whom he begins dating in the fourth season, marries in the sixth, and has children with in the sixth and eighth.", "title": "Jim Halpert" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pamela Joan \"Pam\" Boyd-Petroski (born September 27, 1955 in Atlantic City, New Jersey) is an American former handball player who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Pamela Boyd" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pam participates in an art show, but few people attend. Her co-worker, Oscar, brings his partner along who, not knowing that Pam is standing behind him, criticizes her work by proclaiming that ``real art requires courage. ''Oscar then goes on to say that courage is n't one of Pam's strong points. Affected by this statement, Pam tells the documentary crew that she is going to be more honest, culminating in a dramatic coal walk during the next - to - last episode of the season,`` Beach Games'', and a seemingly sincere speech to Jim in front of the entire office about their relationship. Michael also comes to the art show and reveals his erratically kind heart and loyalty by buying, framing and hanging Pam's drawing of the Dunder Mifflin building in the office. In the season finale, ``The Job, ''she leaves a friendly note in Jim's briefcase and an old memento depicting the 'gold medal' yogurt lid from the Office Olympics, which he sees during an interview for a job at Corporate in New York City. While he is asked how he`` would function here in New York'', Jim is shown to have his mind back in Scranton, still distracted by the thought of Pam. Jim withdraws his name from consideration and drives back to the office, where he interrupts a talking head Pam is doing for the documentary crew by asking her out for dinner. She happily accepts, visibly moved, abandoning a train of thought about how she would be fine if Jim got the job and never came back to Scranton. Karen quits soon after, becoming the regional manager at Dunder Mifflin's Utica branch.", "title": "Pam Beesly" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Season three marks a turning point for Pam's character: she gains self - confidence and appears less passive and more self - assured as the season progresses. In ``Gay Witch Hunt, ''the season's opener, it is revealed that Pam got cold feet before her wedding and did not marry Roy after all, and that Jim transferred to a different Dunder Mifflin branch, in Stamford, shortly after Pam rejected him a second time, after their kiss. Pam moves into her own apartment, begins taking art classes, a pursuit that Roy had previously dismissed as a waste of time, and buys a new car, a blue Toyota Yaris. Jim returns to Scranton later on as a result of`` The Merger'', and brings along a female co-worker, Karen Filippelli, whom he begins dating. Jim and Pam appeared to have ended all communication after Jim transfers to the Stamford branch (aside from an episode in which Jim accidentally calls Pam at the end of the work day), and their episodes together following the branch merge are tense, despite both admitting to still harboring feelings for the other during the presence of the documentary cameras.", "title": "Pam Beesly" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pam Faris is a former Democratic member of the Michigan House of Representatives and a former employee with the Genessee Circuit Court system. She is the wife of former Lieutenant Governor John D. Cherry.", "title": "Pam Faris" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Licence to Kill ''-- Gladys Knight`` Wedding Party'' -- Ivory ``Dirty Love ''-- Tim Feehan`` Pam'' ``If You Asked Me To ''-- Patti LaBelle`` James & Felix on Their Way to Church'' ``His Funny Valentine ''`` Sanchez Is in the Bahamas / Shark Fishing'' ``Ninja ''`` Licence Revoked''", "title": "Licence to Kill (soundtrack)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the Season 5 premiere, ``Weight Loss '', Pam begins her three - month course at the Pratt Institute. In this episode, Jim proposes in the pouring rain at a rest stop, saying that he`` ca n't wait''. In ``Business Trip '', Pam learns that she is failing one of her classes and will have to remain in New York another three months to retake it. Although Jim is supportive and tells her he will wait for her to come back`` the right way'', she ultimately makes the decision to return home, saying that she realized she hated graphic design and missed Scranton. A deleted scene for the episode shows Jim looking through Pam's graphic design projects, which he thinks are ``cool '', as well as a notebook filled with pencil sketches, which he finds a lot more impressive than her graphic design projects, implying her talents lie in hand - drawn works. In`` Two Weeks'', Pam agrees to become Michael's first saleswoman in his not - yet - established company, The Michael Scott Paper Co., as a supportive Jim looks on. When David Wallace makes an offer to buy the company Michael negotiates in order to get their jobs at Dunder Mifflin back instead, including adding Pam to the sales team. In ``Company Picnic '', Pam, after dominating the company volleyball tournament, injures her ankle during a game and is taken to the hospital against her wishes. At the hospital, the camera crew is stationed outside an exam room while a doctor updates Jim and Pam on her condition. There is no audio as the camera shows Jim and Pam embrace, looking shocked and ecstatic. It is implied that she is pregnant and is confirmed in the Season 6 premiere,`` Gossip''.", "title": "Pam Beesly" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pam Belluck, an American journalist and author, is a health and science writer for \"The New York Times\" and author of the acclaimed nonfiction book \"Island Practice,\" which is in development for a television series.", "title": "Pam Belluck" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "World Food Programme World Food Programme WFP Headquarters in Rome Abbreviation WFP, PAM Formation 1961 Type UN Humanitarian Programme Legal status Active Headquarters Rome, Italy Head David Beasley Website www.wfp.org", "title": "World Food Programme" } ]	What was the date that Pam got married in The Office?	October 8, 2009	[]	Title: Pamela Boyd Passage: Pamela Joan "Pam" Boyd-Petroski (born September 27, 1955 in Atlantic City, New Jersey) is an American former handball player who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics. Title: 1992 US Open – Women's Doubles Passage: Pam Shriver and Natasha Zvereva were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Shriver with Martina Navratilova and Zvereva with Gigi Fernández. Title: Rwang Pam Stadium Passage: Rwang Pam Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Jos, Nigeria. It is used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Jos teams JUTH F.C., Plateau United and Mighty Jets. The stadium has a capacity of 15,000 spectators. Title: Jim Halpert Passage: His character serves as the intelligent, mild - mannered straight man role to Michael, although it is also defined by a rivalrous pranking on fellow salesman Dwight Schrute and a romantic interest in receptionist Pam Beesly, whom he begins dating in the fourth season, marries in the sixth, and has children with in the sixth and eighth. Title: Pam Beesly Passage: Season three marks a turning point for Pam's character: she gains self - confidence and appears less passive and more self - assured as the season progresses. In ``Gay Witch Hunt, ''the season's opener, it is revealed that Pam got cold feet before her wedding and did not marry Roy after all, and that Jim transferred to a different Dunder Mifflin branch, in Stamford, shortly after Pam rejected him a second time, after their kiss. Pam moves into her own apartment, begins taking art classes, a pursuit that Roy had previously dismissed as a waste of time, and buys a new car, a blue Toyota Yaris. Jim returns to Scranton later on as a result of`` The Merger'', and brings along a female co-worker, Karen Filippelli, whom he begins dating. Jim and Pam appeared to have ended all communication after Jim transfers to the Stamford branch (aside from an episode in which Jim accidentally calls Pam at the end of the work day), and their episodes together following the branch merge are tense, despite both admitting to still harboring feelings for the other during the presence of the documentary cameras. Title: Licence to Kill (soundtrack) Passage: ``Licence to Kill ''-- Gladys Knight`` Wedding Party'' -- Ivory ``Dirty Love ''-- Tim Feehan`` Pam'' ``If You Asked Me To ''-- Patti LaBelle`` James & Felix on Their Way to Church'' ``His Funny Valentine ''`` Sanchez Is in the Bahamas / Shark Fishing'' ``Ninja ''`` Licence Revoked'' Title: Melissa Ordway Passage: Melissa Pam Ordway Gaston (born March 31, 1983) is an American actress and model. She has modeled in many campaigns and acted in such films as 17 Again and on television in Privileged. She currently portrays the character of Abby Newman on the drama series The Young and the Restless. Title: Pam Beesly Passage: Jim and Pam marry early in the season, at Niagara Falls, during the highly anticipated, hour long episode, ``Niagara ''. The ending of the episode, in which their co-workers dance down the aisle, is an imitation of a viral YouTube video -- JK Wedding Entrance Dance. Following the wedding, a multi-episode story arc begins in which it is revealed that Michael hooked up with Pam's mother the night of the wedding. The two break up during`` Double Date'', an episode that ends with Pam slapping Michael in response to his actions. Title: Pam Beesly Passage: In the Season 5 premiere, ``Weight Loss '', Pam begins her three - month course at the Pratt Institute. In this episode, Jim proposes in the pouring rain at a rest stop, saying that he`` ca n't wait''. In ``Business Trip '', Pam learns that she is failing one of her classes and will have to remain in New York another three months to retake it. Although Jim is supportive and tells her he will wait for her to come back`` the right way'', she ultimately makes the decision to return home, saying that she realized she hated graphic design and missed Scranton. A deleted scene for the episode shows Jim looking through Pam's graphic design projects, which he thinks are ``cool '', as well as a notebook filled with pencil sketches, which he finds a lot more impressive than her graphic design projects, implying her talents lie in hand - drawn works. In`` Two Weeks'', Pam agrees to become Michael's first saleswoman in his not - yet - established company, The Michael Scott Paper Co., as a supportive Jim looks on. When David Wallace makes an offer to buy the company Michael negotiates in order to get their jobs at Dunder Mifflin back instead, including adding Pam to the sales team. In ``Company Picnic '', Pam, after dominating the company volleyball tournament, injures her ankle during a game and is taken to the hospital against her wishes. At the hospital, the camera crew is stationed outside an exam room while a doctor updates Jim and Pam on her condition. There is no audio as the camera shows Jim and Pam embrace, looking shocked and ecstatic. It is implied that she is pregnant and is confirmed in the Season 6 premiere,`` Gossip''. Title: Pam Belluck Passage: Pam Belluck, an American journalist and author, is a health and science writer for "The New York Times" and author of the acclaimed nonfiction book "Island Practice," which is in development for a television series. Title: Jim Halpert Passage: In ``The Merger '', Jim's and Pam's reunion is awkward. Pam is overjoyed, but Jim is clearly uncomfortable. He lets Pam know that he is seeing someone, and gradually Karen is introduced as his girlfriend. As Jim settles back in at Scranton, he uses his promotion as an excuse to avoid his old interactions and pranks with Pam, claiming that pulling pranks is not appropriate for his position. However, in time, Jim does return to his old ways, especially targeting Andy Bernard, a Stamford transfer, and Dwight. Title: Pam Faris Passage: Pam Faris is a former Democratic member of the Michigan House of Representatives and a former employee with the Genessee Circuit Court system. She is the wife of former Lieutenant Governor John D. Cherry. Title: World Food Programme Passage: World Food Programme World Food Programme WFP Headquarters in Rome Abbreviation WFP, PAM Formation 1961 Type UN Humanitarian Programme Legal status Active Headquarters Rome, Italy Head David Beasley Website www.wfp.org Title: Pam Beesly Passage: The ``will they or wo n't they ''tension between Jim and Pam is a strong storyline in the early episodes of The Office, encompassing much of Seasons 1 to 3. In the opener of Season 4, the two characters are revealed to be dating, and as such, other character romances, such as the romance between fellow co-workers Dwight Schrute and Angela Martin, begin to move more toward the forefront of episodes. In Season 6, Jim and Pam are married in the season's 4th and 5th episodes (hour long), a feat considered noteworthy by many television critics, as bringing together the two lead love interests in a television series is often thought to be a risky venture. Their child is born in the second half of the season, during another hour long,`` The Delivery''. Pam and Jim's second child is born during season 8. In season 9, their marriage becomes strained when Jim takes up a second job in Philadelphia. They ultimately decide to leave Dunder Mifflin together so Jim can pursue his dream job. Title: The Delivery (The Office) Passage: Pam's breastfeeding does not go well, and though a male lactation consultant (Lee Kirk, Jenna Fischer's husband, and at that time Jenna's fiance) is summoned to provide apparently successful coaching, Cecelia still fails to ``latch ''properly. Against the advice of the nurse, Jim and Pam opt to have Cecelia spend the night with them instead of in the nursery, and they are kept up long hours tending to her. A sleep - deprived Pam accidentally nurses a baby that belongs to a new mom (Melissa Rauch) in the same hospital room. As Jim and Pam get ready to leave the hospital, Pam manages to breast feed Cecelia while Jim gets the car (which is littered with parking tickets, thanks to Michael parking the car in an ambulance only zone). Title: Video Demons Do Psychotown Passage: Video Demons Do Psychotown (also known as Bloodbath in Psycho Town) is a 1989 horror film written and co-directed by Alessandro De Gaetano and starring Ron Arragon, Donna Baltran, Dave Elliott, Pam Martin, and Myra Taylor. It was distributed by Troma Entertainment. Title: Pam Beesly Passage: Pam participates in an art show, but few people attend. Her co-worker, Oscar, brings his partner along who, not knowing that Pam is standing behind him, criticizes her work by proclaiming that ``real art requires courage. ''Oscar then goes on to say that courage is n't one of Pam's strong points. Affected by this statement, Pam tells the documentary crew that she is going to be more honest, culminating in a dramatic coal walk during the next - to - last episode of the season,`` Beach Games'', and a seemingly sincere speech to Jim in front of the entire office about their relationship. Michael also comes to the art show and reveals his erratically kind heart and loyalty by buying, framing and hanging Pam's drawing of the Dunder Mifflin building in the office. In the season finale, ``The Job, ''she leaves a friendly note in Jim's briefcase and an old memento depicting the 'gold medal' yogurt lid from the Office Olympics, which he sees during an interview for a job at Corporate in New York City. While he is asked how he`` would function here in New York'', Jim is shown to have his mind back in Scranton, still distracted by the thought of Pam. Jim withdraws his name from consideration and drives back to the office, where he interrupts a talking head Pam is doing for the documentary crew by asking her out for dinner. She happily accepts, visibly moved, abandoning a train of thought about how she would be fine if Jim got the job and never came back to Scranton. Karen quits soon after, becoming the regional manager at Dunder Mifflin's Utica branch. Title: Niagara (The Office) Passage: ``Niagara ''The Office episode Episode no. Season 6 Episode 4 / 5 Directed by Paul Feig Written by Greg Daniels Mindy Kaling Production code 604 / 605 Original air date October 8, 2009 Running time 44 minutes Guest appearance (s) Linda Purl as Helene Beesly Anna Camp as Penny Beesly Kelen Coleman as Isabel Poreba Tug Coker as Pete Halpert Michelle Gunn as the hotel receptionist Rick Overton as William Beesly Robert Pine as Gerald Halpert Blake Robbins as Tom Halpert Bobby Ray Shafer as Bob Vance Perry Smith as Betsy Halpert Peggy Stewart as Sylvia Episode chronology ← Previous`` The Promotion'' Next → ``Mafia ''The Office (U.S. season 6) List of The Office (U.S. TV series) episodes Title: The Office (American TV series) Passage: Jim and Pam marry and have a baby named Cecelia Marie Halpert. Meanwhile, Andy and Erin develop mutual interest in one another, but find their inherent awkwardness inhibits his attempts to ask her out on a date. Rumors of bankruptcy begin to surround Dunder Mifflin, and by Christmas, Wallace announces to the branch that Dunder Mifflin has accepted a buyout from Sabre Corporation, a printer company. While Wallace and other executives are let go, the Scranton office survives due to its relative success within the company, and Michael Scott is now the highest level employee at Dunder Mifflin. In the season finale, Dwight buys the office park. Michael agrees to make an announcement to the press regarding a case of faulty printers. When Jo Bennet, Sabre CEO, asks how she can repay him, Michael responds that she could bring Holly back to the Scranton branch. Title: Take Your Daughter to Work Day (The Office) Passage: Michael Scott (Steve Carell) is frustrated that Take Your Daughter to Work Day will force him to tone down his office antics. Toby Flenderson (Paul Lieberstein) and Stanley Hudson (Leslie David Baker) bring their daughters, Sasha (Delaney Ruth Farrell) and Melissa (Jazz Raycole) respectively, Kevin Malone (Brian Baumgartner) brings his fiancée's daughter, Abby, and Meredith Palmer (Kate Flannery) brings her son, Jake (Spencer Daniels). Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer) is determined to befriend one child by the end of the day. She tries with Abby, who instead takes a liking to Jim. Pam watches, clearly endeared to Jim's way with kids. Sasha walks into Michael's office and plays with his toys, and after his jokes she is quite fond of him. Melissa develops a crush on Ryan Howard (B.J. Novak) and asks for his number, while Kelly Kapoor (Mindy Kaling) alerts Stanley that Ryan may be up to something. Stanley angrily reprimands a confused Ryan for his ``motives '', which Ryan later described as`` one of the most frightening experiences'' of his life.	[ "Niagara (The Office)", "Pam Beesly" ]
2hop__89764_827343	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tora Suber (born November 23, 1974) is a former professional basketball player who played for the Charlotte Sting and Orlando Miracle in the WNBA. She played a total of 83 games.", "title": "Tora Suber" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The oldest known account of levitation play comes from the diary of Samuel Pepys (1633 - 1703), a British naval administrator. Pepys's account of levitation play comes from a conversation with a friend of his, Mr. Brisband, who claimed to have seen four little girls playing light as a feather, stiff as a board in Bourdeaux, France. Pepys's account of Mr. Brisband's experience reads:", "title": "Light as a feather, stiff as a board" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1924, the annual Thanksgiving parade started in Newark, New Jersey by Louis Bamberger at the Bamberger's store was transferred to New York City by Macy's. In New York, the employees marched to Macy's flagship store on 34th Street dressed in vibrant costumes. There were floats, professional bands and live animals borrowed from the Central Park Zoo. At the end of that first parade, as has been the case with every parade since, Santa Claus was welcomed into Herald Square. At this first parade, Santa was enthroned on the Macy's balcony at the 34th Street store entrance, where he was then ``crowned ''`` King of the Kiddies.'' With an audience of over 250,000 people, the parade was such a success that Macy's declared it would become an annual event.", "title": "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Little League Baseball World Series is an annual baseball tournament in the eastern United States for children aged 11 to 13 years old. Originally called the National Little League Tournament, it was later renamed for the World Series in Major League Baseball. The Series was first held 70 years ago in 1947 and is held every August in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania. (Although the postal address of the organization is in Williamsport, the Series itself is played at Howard J. Lamade Stadium and Volunteer Stadium at the Little League headquarters complex in South Williamsport.)", "title": "Little League World Series" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Little Orchestra Society is an American orchestra based at 330 West 42nd Street, 12th Floor, in New York City. It was founded in 1947 by Thomas Scherman, who served as its conductor until his death in 1979. From 1979 to 2011 the Orchestra was led by Dino Anagnost. Its membership has ranged between 45 and 60 musicians. The orchestra's name is borrowed from The Little Orchestra of London, which was formed by Felix Mendelssohn during the Bach Revival. In 2013, the Orchestra named James Judd its new Music Director.", "title": "The Little Orchestra Society" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth's only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930. The two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford. Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature and music. Crawford published a biography of Elizabeth and Margaret's childhood years entitled The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. The book describes Elizabeth's love of horses and dogs, her orderliness, and her attitude of responsibility. Others echoed such observations: Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as \"a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant.\" Her cousin Margaret Rhodes described her as \"a jolly little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved\".", "title": "Elizabeth II" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kris Kringle (Edmund Gwenn) is indignant to find that the man assigned to play Santa in the annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (Percy Helton) is intoxicated. When he complains to event director Doris Walker (Maureen O'Hara), she persuades Kris to take his place. He does so well, he is hired to play Santa at Macy's flagship New York City store on 34th Street.", "title": "Miracle on 34th Street" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bit parts are often significant in the story line and sometimes pivotal, as in Jack Albertson's role as a postal worker in the 1947 feature film Miracle on 34th Street. Some characters with bit parts attract significant attention. Constantin Stanislavski remarked that ``there are no small parts, only small actors. ''", "title": "Bit part" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mr. Noodle and his siblings -- Mr. Noodle's brother Mister Noodle, Ms Noodle, and Miss Noodle -- are characters who appear in the ``Elmo's World ''segments during the educational children's television program Sesame Street. Mr. Noodle was played by Broadway actor Bill Irwin, who had previously worked with Arlene Sherman, executive producer of Sesame Street and co-creator of`` Elmo's World'', in short films for the program.", "title": "Mr. Noodle" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "4 Little Girls is a 1997 American historical documentary film about the 15 September 1963 case of four African-American girls (Addie May Collins, Carol Denise McNair, Cynthia Wesley, Carole Rosamond Robertson) in the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama. It was directed by Spike Lee and nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary.", "title": "4 Little Girls" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sloane House YMCA, also known as William Sloane House YMCA, at 356 West 34th Street in Manhattan was the largest residential YMCA building in the nation.", "title": "Sloane House YMCA" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Bjornson (born 7 July 1947 in Selkirk, Manitoba) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 1993, serving in the 34th Canadian Parliament for the Progressive Conservative party in the Selkirk riding. By career, he is an electrician.", "title": "David Bjornson" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Attorney Fred Gailey (John Payne), Doris's neighbor, takes the young divorcée's daughter Susan (Natalie Wood) to see Santa. Doris has raised her to not believe in fairy tales, but Susan is shaken after seeing Kris speak Dutch with a girl who does not know English. Doris asks Kringle to tell Susan that he is not Santa, but he insists that he is.", "title": "Miracle on 34th Street" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edward Vincent Bracken (February 7, 1915 -- November 14, 2002) was an American actor. Bracken became a Hollywood comedy legend with lead performances in the films Hail the Conquering Hero and The Miracle of Morgan's Creek both in 1944, and both have been preserved by the National Film Registry. During this era, he also had success on Broadway, with performances in plays like Too Many Girls (1941).", "title": "Eddie Bracken" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The daughter of the Australians Bill and Deborah Kellaway, she is the older sister of the journalist Lucy Kellaway. Both siblings were educated at the Camden School for Girls, where their mother was a teacher, and at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, where Kate Kellaway read English.", "title": "Kate Kellaway" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miracle on 34th Street (originally released in the United Kingdom as The Big Heart) is a 1947 American Christmas comedy - drama film written and directed by George Seaton and based on a story by Valentine Davies. It stars Maureen O'Hara, John Payne, Natalie Wood and Edmund Gwenn. The story takes place between Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day in New York City, and focuses on the impact of a department store Santa Claus who claims to be the real Santa. The film has become a perennial Christmas favorite.", "title": "Miracle on 34th Street" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mara Elizabeth Wilson (born July 24, 1987) is an American writer and former child actress. She is known for playing Natalie Hillard in Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), Susan Walker in Miracle on 34th Street (1994), Matilda Wormwood in Matilda (1996) and Lily Stone in Thomas and the Magic Railroad (2000). Since retiring from film acting, Wilson has focused on writing.", "title": "Mara Wilson" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The film stars Rosalind Russell, Jack Hawkins, Richard Beymer, Maximilian Schell, and Annette Gorman, with an early screen appearance from Lana Wood, the sister of Natalie Wood.", "title": "Five Finger Exercise" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William James Remar (born December 31, 1953), is an American actor and voice actor. He played Richard, the on - off tycoon boyfriend of Kim Cattrall's character in Sex and the City, Ajax in The Warriors (1979), homicidal maniac Albert Ganz in the thriller 48 Hrs. (1982), gangster Dutch Schultz in The Cotton Club (1984), Lord Raiden in Mortal Kombat: Annihilation (1997), Giuseppe Salvatore in The CW TV series The Vampire Diaries, Jack Duff in Miracle on 34th Street (1994), and Harry Morgan in the Showtime TV series Dexter. Since 2009, he has done voiceover work in ads for Lexus luxury cars. James Remar also studied acting at The Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York City.", "title": "James Remar" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chickasaw is a neighborhood in Louisville, Kentucky, USA. Its boundaries are West Broadway, 34th Street, Hale Avenue and Chickasaw Park.", "title": "Chickasaw, Louisville" } ]	Who is the sibling of the actress that played the little girl in Miracle on 34th street 1947?	Lana Wood	[]	Title: Miracle on 34th Street Passage: Kris Kringle (Edmund Gwenn) is indignant to find that the man assigned to play Santa in the annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (Percy Helton) is intoxicated. When he complains to event director Doris Walker (Maureen O'Hara), she persuades Kris to take his place. He does so well, he is hired to play Santa at Macy's flagship New York City store on 34th Street. Title: Sloane House YMCA Passage: The Sloane House YMCA, also known as William Sloane House YMCA, at 356 West 34th Street in Manhattan was the largest residential YMCA building in the nation. Title: 4 Little Girls Passage: 4 Little Girls is a 1997 American historical documentary film about the 15 September 1963 case of four African-American girls (Addie May Collins, Carol Denise McNair, Cynthia Wesley, Carole Rosamond Robertson) in the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama. It was directed by Spike Lee and nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary. Title: Elizabeth II Passage: Elizabeth's only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930. The two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford. Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature and music. Crawford published a biography of Elizabeth and Margaret's childhood years entitled The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. The book describes Elizabeth's love of horses and dogs, her orderliness, and her attitude of responsibility. Others echoed such observations: Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as "a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant." Her cousin Margaret Rhodes described her as "a jolly little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved". Title: Light as a feather, stiff as a board Passage: The oldest known account of levitation play comes from the diary of Samuel Pepys (1633 - 1703), a British naval administrator. Pepys's account of levitation play comes from a conversation with a friend of his, Mr. Brisband, who claimed to have seen four little girls playing light as a feather, stiff as a board in Bourdeaux, France. Pepys's account of Mr. Brisband's experience reads: Title: Tora Suber Passage: Tora Suber (born November 23, 1974) is a former professional basketball player who played for the Charlotte Sting and Orlando Miracle in the WNBA. She played a total of 83 games. Title: Five Finger Exercise Passage: The film stars Rosalind Russell, Jack Hawkins, Richard Beymer, Maximilian Schell, and Annette Gorman, with an early screen appearance from Lana Wood, the sister of Natalie Wood. Title: David Bjornson Passage: David Bjornson (born 7 July 1947 in Selkirk, Manitoba) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 1993, serving in the 34th Canadian Parliament for the Progressive Conservative party in the Selkirk riding. By career, he is an electrician. Title: Chickasaw, Louisville Passage: Chickasaw is a neighborhood in Louisville, Kentucky, USA. Its boundaries are West Broadway, 34th Street, Hale Avenue and Chickasaw Park. Title: Little League World Series Passage: The Little League Baseball World Series is an annual baseball tournament in the eastern United States for children aged 11 to 13 years old. Originally called the National Little League Tournament, it was later renamed for the World Series in Major League Baseball. The Series was first held 70 years ago in 1947 and is held every August in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania. (Although the postal address of the organization is in Williamsport, the Series itself is played at Howard J. Lamade Stadium and Volunteer Stadium at the Little League headquarters complex in South Williamsport.) Title: Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade Passage: In 1924, the annual Thanksgiving parade started in Newark, New Jersey by Louis Bamberger at the Bamberger's store was transferred to New York City by Macy's. In New York, the employees marched to Macy's flagship store on 34th Street dressed in vibrant costumes. There were floats, professional bands and live animals borrowed from the Central Park Zoo. At the end of that first parade, as has been the case with every parade since, Santa Claus was welcomed into Herald Square. At this first parade, Santa was enthroned on the Macy's balcony at the 34th Street store entrance, where he was then ``crowned ''`` King of the Kiddies.'' With an audience of over 250,000 people, the parade was such a success that Macy's declared it would become an annual event. Title: James Remar Passage: William James Remar (born December 31, 1953), is an American actor and voice actor. He played Richard, the on - off tycoon boyfriend of Kim Cattrall's character in Sex and the City, Ajax in The Warriors (1979), homicidal maniac Albert Ganz in the thriller 48 Hrs. (1982), gangster Dutch Schultz in The Cotton Club (1984), Lord Raiden in Mortal Kombat: Annihilation (1997), Giuseppe Salvatore in The CW TV series The Vampire Diaries, Jack Duff in Miracle on 34th Street (1994), and Harry Morgan in the Showtime TV series Dexter. Since 2009, he has done voiceover work in ads for Lexus luxury cars. James Remar also studied acting at The Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York City. Title: The Little Orchestra Society Passage: The Little Orchestra Society is an American orchestra based at 330 West 42nd Street, 12th Floor, in New York City. It was founded in 1947 by Thomas Scherman, who served as its conductor until his death in 1979. From 1979 to 2011 the Orchestra was led by Dino Anagnost. Its membership has ranged between 45 and 60 musicians. The orchestra's name is borrowed from The Little Orchestra of London, which was formed by Felix Mendelssohn during the Bach Revival. In 2013, the Orchestra named James Judd its new Music Director. Title: Miracle on 34th Street Passage: Attorney Fred Gailey (John Payne), Doris's neighbor, takes the young divorcée's daughter Susan (Natalie Wood) to see Santa. Doris has raised her to not believe in fairy tales, but Susan is shaken after seeing Kris speak Dutch with a girl who does not know English. Doris asks Kringle to tell Susan that he is not Santa, but he insists that he is. Title: Eddie Bracken Passage: Edward Vincent Bracken (February 7, 1915 -- November 14, 2002) was an American actor. Bracken became a Hollywood comedy legend with lead performances in the films Hail the Conquering Hero and The Miracle of Morgan's Creek both in 1944, and both have been preserved by the National Film Registry. During this era, he also had success on Broadway, with performances in plays like Too Many Girls (1941). Title: Bit part Passage: Bit parts are often significant in the story line and sometimes pivotal, as in Jack Albertson's role as a postal worker in the 1947 feature film Miracle on 34th Street. Some characters with bit parts attract significant attention. Constantin Stanislavski remarked that ``there are no small parts, only small actors. '' Title: Kate Kellaway Passage: The daughter of the Australians Bill and Deborah Kellaway, she is the older sister of the journalist Lucy Kellaway. Both siblings were educated at the Camden School for Girls, where their mother was a teacher, and at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, where Kate Kellaway read English. Title: Mara Wilson Passage: Mara Elizabeth Wilson (born July 24, 1987) is an American writer and former child actress. She is known for playing Natalie Hillard in Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), Susan Walker in Miracle on 34th Street (1994), Matilda Wormwood in Matilda (1996) and Lily Stone in Thomas and the Magic Railroad (2000). Since retiring from film acting, Wilson has focused on writing. Title: Mr. Noodle Passage: Mr. Noodle and his siblings -- Mr. Noodle's brother Mister Noodle, Ms Noodle, and Miss Noodle -- are characters who appear in the ``Elmo's World ''segments during the educational children's television program Sesame Street. Mr. Noodle was played by Broadway actor Bill Irwin, who had previously worked with Arlene Sherman, executive producer of Sesame Street and co-creator of`` Elmo's World'', in short films for the program. Title: Miracle on 34th Street Passage: Miracle on 34th Street (originally released in the United Kingdom as The Big Heart) is a 1947 American Christmas comedy - drama film written and directed by George Seaton and based on a story by Valentine Davies. It stars Maureen O'Hara, John Payne, Natalie Wood and Edmund Gwenn. The story takes place between Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day in New York City, and focuses on the impact of a department store Santa Claus who claims to be the real Santa. The film has become a perennial Christmas favorite.	[ "Miracle on 34th Street", "Five Finger Exercise" ]
2hop__466700_214359	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "4 Little Girls is a 1997 American historical documentary film about the 15 September 1963 case of four African-American girls (Addie May Collins, Carol Denise McNair, Cynthia Wesley, Carole Rosamond Robertson) in the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama. It was directed by Spike Lee and nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary.", "title": "4 Little Girls" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The King of Rock and Roll is Little Richard's second album for Reprise Records, a follow-up album that contained one original Little Richard song, the gospel rock \"In the Name\" and a new song co-written by Producer H. B. Barnum, \"Green Power\", the single release; and versions of tracks by artists as diverse as Hank Williams, The Temptations, Martha and the Vandellas, Three Dog Night, and The Rolling Stones. The title track, a mock braggadocio that referenced Tom Jones, Elvis Presley, Ike & Tina Turner, Sly and the Family Stone, and Aretha Franklin, amongst others, upset some fans, although the album's title tune got good airplay in New York - a 1950s style jump blues, with an exceptional Little Richard shouting vocal. But fans and critics were further upset that the album did not feature acoustic piano and that most tracks were badly mixed, with an intrusive girl group chorus.", "title": "The King of Rock and Roll" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ugod is a small village in the North-Western part of Hungary, in Veszprém county, near Mount Bakony and close to Lake Balaton, at the juncture of Bakony and Little Alföld. Good starting point for hikers, hunters and the lovers of countryside.", "title": "Ugod" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Little Match Girl () is a 1928 French drama featurette film directed by Jean Renoir and starring Catherine Hessling. It tells the story of a frozen girl who tries to sell matches during Christmas and dreams about a toy store. The film is based on the short story of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen.", "title": "The Little Match Girl (1928 film)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1951 in Greenbow, Alabama, young Forrest is fitted with leg braces to correct a curved spine, and is not able to walk. He lives alone with his mother, who runs a boarding house out of their home that attracts many tenants, including a young Elvis Presley, who plays the guitar for Forrest and incorporates his jerky dance movements into his famous performances. On the first day in school, Forrest meets a girl called Jenny Curran, and the two become good friends.", "title": "Forrest Gump" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Little Girl in Old Pittsburg is a novel for children set in late 18th century Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania written by the American writer Amanda Minnie Douglas (1831–1916).", "title": "A Little Girl in Old Pittsburg" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"This Little Girl of Mine\" is a rhythm and blues single written and released as a single by Ray Charles in 1955 on the Atlantic label.", "title": "This Little Girl of Mine" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Reform School Girl is a 1957 film starring Gloria Castillo as a teenage girl who is sent to a reformatory. The film was directed by Edward Bernds and was produced by Samuel Z. Arkoff. \"Reform School Girl\" was one of many sexploitation films released by American International Pictures (AIP) during the 1950s and 1960s. AIP's films during this period were largely focused on juvenile delinquency. As part of the AIP formula, young girls were typically depicted as \"good\" or \"bad\" the latter of which were petty criminals, gang members, or the girlfriends of gang members. Other AIP films in the same genre included \"Drag Strip Girl\", \"Hot Rod Girl\", and \"High School Hellcats\". \"Reform School Girl\" is available for on-line viewing at AMCtv.com.", "title": "Reform School Girl" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Little Green\" is a song composed and performed by Joni Mitchell. It is the third track on her 1971 album \"Blue\".", "title": "Little Green (song)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Mama's Little Girl\" is a song by Paul McCartney that was taped in March 1972 during the \"Red Rose Speedway\" recording sessions.", "title": "Mama's Little Girl" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Bobby's Girl\" is a song and single written by Gary Klein and Henry Hoffman and performed by American teenage singer, Marcie Blane.", "title": "Bobby's Girl (song)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Noomi Rapace (Swedish pronunciation: (ˈnuːmɪ raˈpasː) (listen); née Norén; born 28 December 1979) is a Swedish actress. She achieved fame with her portrayal of Lisbeth Salander in the Swedish film adaptations of the Millennium series: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, The Girl Who Played with Fire, and The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest. In 2011, she was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Actress for her performance in The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo.", "title": "Noomi Rapace" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lara Cardella (born 13 November 1969 in Licata, Italy) is an Italian writer. She is best known for her best seller novel \"Good girls don't wear trousers\".", "title": "Lara Cardella" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gender influences the pattern of child labor. Girls tend to be asked by their families to perform more domestic work in their parental home than boys are, and often at younger ages than boys. Employment as a paid domestic worker is the most common form of child labor for girls. In some places, such as East and Southeast Asia, parents often see work as a domestic servant as a good preparation for marriage. Domestic service, however, is among the least regulated of all professions, and exposes workers to serious risks, such as violence, exploitation and abuse by the employers, because the workers are often isolated from the outside world. Child labor has a very negative effect on education. Girls either stop their education, or, when they continue it, they are often subjected to a double burden, or a triple burden of work outside the home, housework in the parental home, and schoolwork. This situation is common in places such as parts of Asia and Latin America.", "title": "Girl" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Blue County is an American country music duo composed of actor-singers Aaron Benward and Scott Reeves. They released their self-titled debut album in 2004 on Curb Records. This album produced four singles on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts, including the No. 11 \"Good Little Girls\". Two more singles — \"Firecrackers and Ferris Wheels\" and \"I Get To\" — were released in 2006, although neither was included on an album.", "title": "Blue County (music group)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Secrets of a Windmill Girl is a 1966 British exploitation film directed by Arnold L Miller. It recounts the road to ruin of a young woman (Pauline Collins) who becomes involved with the striptease scene after becoming a dancer at the Windmill Theatre in London. The film features fan dances by former Windmill Theatre Company performers. It was originally released in Britain as part of a double bill with \"Naked as Nature Intended\".", "title": "Secrets of a Windmill Girl" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": ", who uses the pseudonym Rokudenashiko ( \"rokudenashi\" [\"reprobate\", \"bastard\", \"good-for-nothing\", \"ne'er-do-well\"] + diminutive feminine suffix \"-ko\" [usually translated as \"girl\" or \"little\"]), is a Japanese sculptor and manga artist who has received public attention for her work featuring female genitalia. She considers it her mission to demystify female genitalia in Japan where, according to her, they are \"overly hidden\" in comparison to phallic imagery.", "title": "Megumi Igarashi" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Good Little Girls\" is the debut song recorded by American country music duo Blue County. It was released in September 2003 as the first single from their debut album \"Blue County\". The song was written by Troy Seals and Brett Jones.", "title": "Good Little Girls (song)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Written and performed by Ben Gibbard, it is an acoustic solo ballad, and was recorded in monaural with a single microphone and little editing.", "title": "I Will Follow You into the Dark" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mia Aegerter was born on October 9, 1976 into an artist family in Fribourg, Switzerland. Her parents were members of a band, which drew Aegerter to the stage at an early age. She started working as a model and took part in many talent competitions. At a young age, she won the \"Little-Prix Walo,\" an important talent competition for young artists in Switzerland. She also succeeded in the famous \"Bravo Girl - Model Contest,“ in Germany.", "title": "Mia Aegerter" } ]	Who is one of the members of the music group that performed "Good Little Girls"?	Aaron Benward	[]	Title: Lara Cardella Passage: Lara Cardella (born 13 November 1969 in Licata, Italy) is an Italian writer. She is best known for her best seller novel "Good girls don't wear trousers". Title: Noomi Rapace Passage: Noomi Rapace (Swedish pronunciation: (ˈnuːmɪ raˈpasː) (listen); née Norén; born 28 December 1979) is a Swedish actress. She achieved fame with her portrayal of Lisbeth Salander in the Swedish film adaptations of the Millennium series: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, The Girl Who Played with Fire, and The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest. In 2011, she was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Actress for her performance in The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo. Title: Mama's Little Girl Passage: "Mama's Little Girl" is a song by Paul McCartney that was taped in March 1972 during the "Red Rose Speedway" recording sessions. Title: The Little Match Girl (1928 film) Passage: The Little Match Girl () is a 1928 French drama featurette film directed by Jean Renoir and starring Catherine Hessling. It tells the story of a frozen girl who tries to sell matches during Christmas and dreams about a toy store. The film is based on the short story of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen. Title: Mia Aegerter Passage: Mia Aegerter was born on October 9, 1976 into an artist family in Fribourg, Switzerland. Her parents were members of a band, which drew Aegerter to the stage at an early age. She started working as a model and took part in many talent competitions. At a young age, she won the "Little-Prix Walo," an important talent competition for young artists in Switzerland. She also succeeded in the famous "Bravo Girl - Model Contest,“ in Germany. Title: Megumi Igarashi Passage: , who uses the pseudonym Rokudenashiko ( "rokudenashi" ["reprobate", "bastard", "good-for-nothing", "ne'er-do-well"] + diminutive feminine suffix "-ko" [usually translated as "girl" or "little"]), is a Japanese sculptor and manga artist who has received public attention for her work featuring female genitalia. She considers it her mission to demystify female genitalia in Japan where, according to her, they are "overly hidden" in comparison to phallic imagery. Title: Reform School Girl Passage: Reform School Girl is a 1957 film starring Gloria Castillo as a teenage girl who is sent to a reformatory. The film was directed by Edward Bernds and was produced by Samuel Z. Arkoff. "Reform School Girl" was one of many sexploitation films released by American International Pictures (AIP) during the 1950s and 1960s. AIP's films during this period were largely focused on juvenile delinquency. As part of the AIP formula, young girls were typically depicted as "good" or "bad" the latter of which were petty criminals, gang members, or the girlfriends of gang members. Other AIP films in the same genre included "Drag Strip Girl", "Hot Rod Girl", and "High School Hellcats". "Reform School Girl" is available for on-line viewing at AMCtv.com. Title: Blue County (music group) Passage: Blue County is an American country music duo composed of actor-singers Aaron Benward and Scott Reeves. They released their self-titled debut album in 2004 on Curb Records. This album produced four singles on the "Billboard" country singles charts, including the No. 11 "Good Little Girls". Two more singles — "Firecrackers and Ferris Wheels" and "I Get To" — were released in 2006, although neither was included on an album. Title: This Little Girl of Mine Passage: "This Little Girl of Mine" is a rhythm and blues single written and released as a single by Ray Charles in 1955 on the Atlantic label. Title: Secrets of a Windmill Girl Passage: Secrets of a Windmill Girl is a 1966 British exploitation film directed by Arnold L Miller. It recounts the road to ruin of a young woman (Pauline Collins) who becomes involved with the striptease scene after becoming a dancer at the Windmill Theatre in London. The film features fan dances by former Windmill Theatre Company performers. It was originally released in Britain as part of a double bill with "Naked as Nature Intended". Title: Bobby's Girl (song) Passage: "Bobby's Girl" is a song and single written by Gary Klein and Henry Hoffman and performed by American teenage singer, Marcie Blane. Title: A Little Girl in Old Pittsburg Passage: A Little Girl in Old Pittsburg is a novel for children set in late 18th century Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania written by the American writer Amanda Minnie Douglas (1831–1916). Title: 4 Little Girls Passage: 4 Little Girls is a 1997 American historical documentary film about the 15 September 1963 case of four African-American girls (Addie May Collins, Carol Denise McNair, Cynthia Wesley, Carole Rosamond Robertson) in the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama. It was directed by Spike Lee and nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary. Title: The King of Rock and Roll Passage: The King of Rock and Roll is Little Richard's second album for Reprise Records, a follow-up album that contained one original Little Richard song, the gospel rock "In the Name" and a new song co-written by Producer H. B. Barnum, "Green Power", the single release; and versions of tracks by artists as diverse as Hank Williams, The Temptations, Martha and the Vandellas, Three Dog Night, and The Rolling Stones. The title track, a mock braggadocio that referenced Tom Jones, Elvis Presley, Ike & Tina Turner, Sly and the Family Stone, and Aretha Franklin, amongst others, upset some fans, although the album's title tune got good airplay in New York - a 1950s style jump blues, with an exceptional Little Richard shouting vocal. But fans and critics were further upset that the album did not feature acoustic piano and that most tracks were badly mixed, with an intrusive girl group chorus. Title: I Will Follow You into the Dark Passage: Written and performed by Ben Gibbard, it is an acoustic solo ballad, and was recorded in monaural with a single microphone and little editing. Title: Ugod Passage: Ugod is a small village in the North-Western part of Hungary, in Veszprém county, near Mount Bakony and close to Lake Balaton, at the juncture of Bakony and Little Alföld. Good starting point for hikers, hunters and the lovers of countryside. Title: Good Little Girls (song) Passage: "Good Little Girls" is the debut song recorded by American country music duo Blue County. It was released in September 2003 as the first single from their debut album "Blue County". The song was written by Troy Seals and Brett Jones. Title: Girl Passage: Gender influences the pattern of child labor. Girls tend to be asked by their families to perform more domestic work in their parental home than boys are, and often at younger ages than boys. Employment as a paid domestic worker is the most common form of child labor for girls. In some places, such as East and Southeast Asia, parents often see work as a domestic servant as a good preparation for marriage. Domestic service, however, is among the least regulated of all professions, and exposes workers to serious risks, such as violence, exploitation and abuse by the employers, because the workers are often isolated from the outside world. Child labor has a very negative effect on education. Girls either stop their education, or, when they continue it, they are often subjected to a double burden, or a triple burden of work outside the home, housework in the parental home, and schoolwork. This situation is common in places such as parts of Asia and Latin America. Title: Little Green (song) Passage: "Little Green" is a song composed and performed by Joni Mitchell. It is the third track on her 1971 album "Blue". Title: Forrest Gump Passage: In 1951 in Greenbow, Alabama, young Forrest is fitted with leg braces to correct a curved spine, and is not able to walk. He lives alone with his mother, who runs a boarding house out of their home that attracts many tenants, including a young Elvis Presley, who plays the guitar for Forrest and incorporates his jerky dance movements into his famous performances. On the first day in school, Forrest meets a girl called Jenny Curran, and the two become good friends.	[ "Blue County (music group)", "Good Little Girls (song)" ]
2hop__385392_756039	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "title": "Minsk Region" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WJYM is an American radio station licensed to broadcast from Bowling Green, Ohio. Its studios and transmitter are located in Lime City near Perrysburg, and the station serves the Toledo metropolitan area.", "title": "WJYM" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WGFX is a radio station broadcasting on the FM band at 104.5 MHz licensed to the city of Gallatin, Tennessee, but serving the Nashville market as a whole. It is currently branded as 104.5 The Zone, broadcasting a sports talk format. It is owned by Cumulus Media and operates out of studios in Nashville's Music Row district. Its transmitter is located just north of downtown Nashville.", "title": "WGFX" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Notus is a small rural city in Canyon County, Idaho, United States. The population was 531 at the 2010 census and is the smallest town out of the eight in Canyon County. It is part of the Boise City–Nampa, Idaho Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "title": "Notus, Idaho" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WKDM 1380 is a United States ethnic brokered radio station licensed to New York City. The station is owned by Multicultural Broadcasting and airs programming in Mandarin Chinese, 24 hours a day from Monday to Friday. On the weekends, it broadcasts in Mexican Spanish for a Mexican audience. Its transmitting facility is located in Carlstadt, New Jersey.", "title": "WKDM" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WRGV (107.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Pensacola, Florida, United States. The station is currently owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. and the broadcast license is held by Clear Channel Broadcasting Licenses, Inc. WRGV broadcasts an urban contemporary music format to the greater Pensacola, Florida, and Mobile, Alabama, area. Its studios are located located inside the building of unrelated television station WKRG on Broadcast Drive in Mobile, and the transmitter is near Robertsdale, Alabama.", "title": "WRGV" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KAPE (1550 AM, \"Cape Radio 1550\") is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Cape Girardeau, Missouri. The station is owned by Withers Broadcasting and the broadcast license is held by Withers Broadcasting Company of Missouri, LLC.", "title": "KAPE" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WRLS-FM (92.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Hayward, Wisconsin, United States. The station's broadcast license is held by Vacationland Broadcasting, Inc.", "title": "WRLS-FM" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WHRZ-LP (104.1 FM) also known as The Z, is a non-commercial low-power FM radio station located in Spartanburg, South Carolina. The station is licensed by the FCC to broadcast with an ERP of 47 watts (.047 kW).", "title": "WHRZ-LP" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WRMN (1410 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Elgin, Illinois. The station's broadcast license is held by Elgin Community Broadcasting LLC.", "title": "WRMN" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WNDE (1260 AM) is a Sports formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Indianapolis, Indiana, serving the Indianapolis metropolitan area. The station, which began broadcasting in 1924, is owned and operated by iHeartMedia. The WNDE broadcast license is held by Capstar TX LLC.", "title": "WNDE" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "CJXY-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 107.9 FM and serving the Hamilton, Ontario market, licensed to the nearby city of Burlington. The station broadcasts an active rock format as \"Y108\". CJXY's studios are located on Main Street West (next to Highway 403) in Hamilton, while its transmitter is located atop the Niagara Escarpment near Burlington.", "title": "CJXY-FM" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KOLL (106.3 FM, \"La Zeta\") is a radio station licensed in Lonoke, Arkansas, broadcasting to the Little Rock, Arkansas, area. KOLL airs Regional Mexican music format. The station's studios are located in West Little Rock, and the transmitter tower is located near Pettus.", "title": "KOLL" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KFRU (1400 AM) is a radio station located in Columbia, Missouri, broadcasting with 1 kW of power. Its programming format consists primarily of news, talk and sports. The station is licensed to Cumulus Media.", "title": "KFRU" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WKHK is a Country formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Colonial Heights, Virginia, serving Richmond and Petersburg in Virginia. WKHK is owned and operated by SummitMedia. The station's studios and offices are located west of Richmond proper in unincorporated Chesterfield County, and its transmitter is located in Bensley, Virginia.", "title": "WKHK" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WRNX (100.9 FM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Amherst, Massachusetts. The station is owned by iHeartMedia and the broadcast license is held by CC Licenses, LLC.", "title": "WRNX" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "KTRP (1450 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Notus, Idaho, United States. The station is owned by Centro Familiar Cristiano. KTRP is silent .", "title": "KTRP (AM)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KFGY is a commercial radio station licensed to Healdsburg, California, broadcasting to the Santa Rosa, California area on 92.9 FM. Its programming is also broadcast on translator K300AO at 107.9 MHz, licensed to Santa Rosa.", "title": "KFGY" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "title": "Australia" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WHOS (800 AM, \"The Big Talker\") is a radio station licensed to serve Decatur, Alabama, United States. The station is currently owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. and the broadcast license is held by Capstar TX Limited Partnership. WHOS is one of five stations in the Huntsville, Alabama, market owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.. The station is also simulcast on WBHP at 1230 AM in Huntsville, a 106.5 FM broadcast translator in Huntsville, and on WQRV-HD2 (HD Radio). Its studios are located in Madison, Alabama and its transmitter is located in West Decatur, Alabama.", "title": "WHOS" } ]	What administrative territorial entity includes the place that KTRP is licensed to broadcast to?	Canyon County	[ "Canyon County, Idaho" ]	Title: Notus, Idaho Passage: Notus is a small rural city in Canyon County, Idaho, United States. The population was 531 at the 2010 census and is the smallest town out of the eight in Canyon County. It is part of the Boise City–Nampa, Idaho Metropolitan Statistical Area. Title: KAPE Passage: KAPE (1550 AM, "Cape Radio 1550") is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Cape Girardeau, Missouri. The station is owned by Withers Broadcasting and the broadcast license is held by Withers Broadcasting Company of Missouri, LLC. Title: WHRZ-LP Passage: WHRZ-LP (104.1 FM) also known as The Z, is a non-commercial low-power FM radio station located in Spartanburg, South Carolina. The station is licensed by the FCC to broadcast with an ERP of 47 watts (.047 kW). Title: Minsk Region Passage: Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, "Minskaja vobłasć" ; , "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500. Title: WNDE Passage: WNDE (1260 AM) is a Sports formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Indianapolis, Indiana, serving the Indianapolis metropolitan area. The station, which began broadcasting in 1924, is owned and operated by iHeartMedia. The WNDE broadcast license is held by Capstar TX LLC. Title: WGFX Passage: WGFX is a radio station broadcasting on the FM band at 104.5 MHz licensed to the city of Gallatin, Tennessee, but serving the Nashville market as a whole. It is currently branded as 104.5 The Zone, broadcasting a sports talk format. It is owned by Cumulus Media and operates out of studios in Nashville's Music Row district. Its transmitter is located just north of downtown Nashville. Title: KOLL Passage: KOLL (106.3 FM, "La Zeta") is a radio station licensed in Lonoke, Arkansas, broadcasting to the Little Rock, Arkansas, area. KOLL airs Regional Mexican music format. The station's studios are located in West Little Rock, and the transmitter tower is located near Pettus. Title: Australia Passage: Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales. Title: WJYM Passage: WJYM is an American radio station licensed to broadcast from Bowling Green, Ohio. Its studios and transmitter are located in Lime City near Perrysburg, and the station serves the Toledo metropolitan area. Title: WKHK Passage: WKHK is a Country formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Colonial Heights, Virginia, serving Richmond and Petersburg in Virginia. WKHK is owned and operated by SummitMedia. The station's studios and offices are located west of Richmond proper in unincorporated Chesterfield County, and its transmitter is located in Bensley, Virginia. Title: KFGY Passage: KFGY is a commercial radio station licensed to Healdsburg, California, broadcasting to the Santa Rosa, California area on 92.9 FM. Its programming is also broadcast on translator K300AO at 107.9 MHz, licensed to Santa Rosa. Title: KFRU Passage: KFRU (1400 AM) is a radio station located in Columbia, Missouri, broadcasting with 1 kW of power. Its programming format consists primarily of news, talk and sports. The station is licensed to Cumulus Media. Title: WHOS Passage: WHOS (800 AM, "The Big Talker") is a radio station licensed to serve Decatur, Alabama, United States. The station is currently owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. and the broadcast license is held by Capstar TX Limited Partnership. WHOS is one of five stations in the Huntsville, Alabama, market owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.. The station is also simulcast on WBHP at 1230 AM in Huntsville, a 106.5 FM broadcast translator in Huntsville, and on WQRV-HD2 (HD Radio). Its studios are located in Madison, Alabama and its transmitter is located in West Decatur, Alabama. Title: WRLS-FM Passage: WRLS-FM (92.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Hayward, Wisconsin, United States. The station's broadcast license is held by Vacationland Broadcasting, Inc. Title: CJXY-FM Passage: CJXY-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 107.9 FM and serving the Hamilton, Ontario market, licensed to the nearby city of Burlington. The station broadcasts an active rock format as "Y108". CJXY's studios are located on Main Street West (next to Highway 403) in Hamilton, while its transmitter is located atop the Niagara Escarpment near Burlington. Title: KTRP (AM) Passage: KTRP (1450 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Notus, Idaho, United States. The station is owned by Centro Familiar Cristiano. KTRP is silent . Title: WRMN Passage: WRMN (1410 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Elgin, Illinois. The station's broadcast license is held by Elgin Community Broadcasting LLC. Title: WRNX Passage: WRNX (100.9 FM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Amherst, Massachusetts. The station is owned by iHeartMedia and the broadcast license is held by CC Licenses, LLC. Title: WRGV Passage: WRGV (107.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Pensacola, Florida, United States. The station is currently owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. and the broadcast license is held by Clear Channel Broadcasting Licenses, Inc. WRGV broadcasts an urban contemporary music format to the greater Pensacola, Florida, and Mobile, Alabama, area. Its studios are located located inside the building of unrelated television station WKRG on Broadcast Drive in Mobile, and the transmitter is near Robertsdale, Alabama. Title: WKDM Passage: WKDM 1380 is a United States ethnic brokered radio station licensed to New York City. The station is owned by Multicultural Broadcasting and airs programming in Mandarin Chinese, 24 hours a day from Monday to Friday. On the weekends, it broadcasts in Mexican Spanish for a Mexican audience. Its transmitting facility is located in Carlstadt, New Jersey.	[ "Notus, Idaho", "KTRP (AM)" ]
2hop__499003_853511	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Benny Golson's New York Scene is the debut album by saxophonist Benny Golson featuring performances recorded in late 1957 and originally released on the Contemporary label.", "title": "Benny Golson's New York Scene" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It's What's Happenin' (subtitled The Varitone Sound of Clark Terry) is an album by American jazz trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1967 for the Impulse! label. Remastered in 2012 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Impulse! Records, it was reissued together with Terry's only other record for the label as a solo leader, \"The Happy Horns of Clark Terry\".", "title": "It's What's Happenin'" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label. The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn.", "title": "Jazz Contemporary" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Main Attraction is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the Kudu label.", "title": "The Main Attraction (album)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Groovin' with Golson is the sixth album by saxophonist Benny Golson featuring performances recorded in 1959 and originally released on the New Jazz label.", "title": "Groovin' with Golson" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pythons is the second studio album by indie rock band Surfer Blood. It was released in June 2013 under Sire Records and produced by Gil Norton. Following the release of their EP, \"Tarot Classics\", Surfer Blood had been writing songs whilst on tour. The first song to be written for the album is technically \"Prom Song\", as they have had the guitar parts for this song for a few years now. The album features all the qualities that define Surfer Blood's sound, but is stripped of its reverb and given a more polished production, as opposed to the production that took place in front-man John Paul Pitts' apartment. \"Pixies\" guitarist Joey Santiago lent the band equipment such as amplifiers and guitars during the album's production, as Norton is a close friend of his because he produced most of the Pixies discography.", "title": "Pythons (album)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Soundsigns is an album by the American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman of performances recorded in 1978 for the Galaxy label.", "title": "Soundsigns" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Three for Shepp is the debut album by American saxophonist Marion Brown featuring performances recorded in 1966 for the Impulse! label.", "title": "Three for Shepp" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Waterfalls is a live album by American saxophonist and composer John Klemmer featuring studio enhanced live performances recorded in Los Angeles for the Impulse! label.", "title": "Waterfalls (album)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Foolin' Myself is an album of trio performances by the American jazz pianist Jaki Byard recorded in 1988 and released on the Italian Soul Note label.", "title": "Foolin' Myself" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the Village Vanguard (subtitled You Took the Words Right Out of My Heart) is a live album by jazz drummer Paul Motian recorded at the Village Vanguard and originally released on the German JMT label. Recorded in 1995 it features performances by Motian with Bill Frisell and Joe Lovano. The album was rereleased on the Winter & Winter label in 2005.", "title": "At the Village Vanguard" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thinking of Home is an album by jazz saxophonist Hank Mobley recorded on July 31, 1970 but not released by the Blue Note label until 1980. It features performances by Mobley with Woody Shaw, Cedar Walton, Eddie Diehl, Mickey Bass, and Leroy Williams and was Mobley's final recordings for Blue Note, and his 26th album on the label.", "title": "Thinking of Home" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Opus de Jazz (subtitled A Hi-Fi Recording for Flute, Vibes, Piano, Bass, Drums) is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1955 and released on the Savoy label.", "title": "Opus de Jazz" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances with Ernie Henry recorded in 1957 and released on the Riverside label. This was Henry's last recording session.", "title": "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "More Blues and the Abstract Truth is an album by American jazz composer, conductor and arranger Oliver Nelson featuring performances recorded in 1964 for the Impulse! label.", "title": "More Blues and the Abstract Truth" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Plenty, Plenty Soul is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1957 and released on the Atlantic label.", "title": "Plenty, Plenty Soul" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541.", "title": "Tijuana Jazz" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tarot Classics is an EP by Florida-based indie rock band Surfer Blood released on October 25, 2011 on Kanine Records. It is their last release for Kanine.", "title": "Tarot Classics" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label.", "title": "Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Jazz Skyline is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1956 and released on the Savoy label.", "title": "The Jazz Skyline" } ]	What is the record label for the band which performed Pythons?	Kanine Records	[]	Title: Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album) Passage: Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label. Title: Thinking of Home Passage: Thinking of Home is an album by jazz saxophonist Hank Mobley recorded on July 31, 1970 but not released by the Blue Note label until 1980. It features performances by Mobley with Woody Shaw, Cedar Walton, Eddie Diehl, Mickey Bass, and Leroy Williams and was Mobley's final recordings for Blue Note, and his 26th album on the label. Title: 2 Horns / 2 Rhythm Passage: 2 Horns / 2 Rhythm is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances with Ernie Henry recorded in 1957 and released on the Riverside label. This was Henry's last recording session. Title: Soundsigns Passage: Soundsigns is an album by the American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman of performances recorded in 1978 for the Galaxy label. Title: Tarot Classics Passage: Tarot Classics is an EP by Florida-based indie rock band Surfer Blood released on October 25, 2011 on Kanine Records. It is their last release for Kanine. Title: Waterfalls (album) Passage: Waterfalls is a live album by American saxophonist and composer John Klemmer featuring studio enhanced live performances recorded in Los Angeles for the Impulse! label. Title: More Blues and the Abstract Truth Passage: More Blues and the Abstract Truth is an album by American jazz composer, conductor and arranger Oliver Nelson featuring performances recorded in 1964 for the Impulse! label. Title: The Jazz Skyline Passage: The Jazz Skyline is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1956 and released on the Savoy label. Title: Plenty, Plenty Soul Passage: Plenty, Plenty Soul is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1957 and released on the Atlantic label. Title: Tijuana Jazz Passage: Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541. Title: Three for Shepp Passage: Three for Shepp is the debut album by American saxophonist Marion Brown featuring performances recorded in 1966 for the Impulse! label. Title: Foolin' Myself Passage: Foolin' Myself is an album of trio performances by the American jazz pianist Jaki Byard recorded in 1988 and released on the Italian Soul Note label. Title: Opus de Jazz Passage: Opus de Jazz (subtitled A Hi-Fi Recording for Flute, Vibes, Piano, Bass, Drums) is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1955 and released on the Savoy label. Title: Jazz Contemporary Passage: Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label. The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn. Title: Groovin' with Golson Passage: Groovin' with Golson is the sixth album by saxophonist Benny Golson featuring performances recorded in 1959 and originally released on the New Jazz label. Title: At the Village Vanguard Passage: At the Village Vanguard (subtitled You Took the Words Right Out of My Heart) is a live album by jazz drummer Paul Motian recorded at the Village Vanguard and originally released on the German JMT label. Recorded in 1995 it features performances by Motian with Bill Frisell and Joe Lovano. The album was rereleased on the Winter & Winter label in 2005. Title: Pythons (album) Passage: Pythons is the second studio album by indie rock band Surfer Blood. It was released in June 2013 under Sire Records and produced by Gil Norton. Following the release of their EP, "Tarot Classics", Surfer Blood had been writing songs whilst on tour. The first song to be written for the album is technically "Prom Song", as they have had the guitar parts for this song for a few years now. The album features all the qualities that define Surfer Blood's sound, but is stripped of its reverb and given a more polished production, as opposed to the production that took place in front-man John Paul Pitts' apartment. "Pixies" guitarist Joey Santiago lent the band equipment such as amplifiers and guitars during the album's production, as Norton is a close friend of his because he produced most of the Pixies discography. Title: The Main Attraction (album) Passage: The Main Attraction is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the Kudu label. Title: Benny Golson's New York Scene Passage: Benny Golson's New York Scene is the debut album by saxophonist Benny Golson featuring performances recorded in late 1957 and originally released on the Contemporary label. Title: It's What's Happenin' Passage: It's What's Happenin' (subtitled The Varitone Sound of Clark Terry) is an album by American jazz trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1967 for the Impulse! label. Remastered in 2012 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Impulse! Records, it was reissued together with Terry's only other record for the label as a solo leader, "The Happy Horns of Clark Terry".	[ "Pythons (album)", "Tarot Classics" ]
2hop__461639_83837	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tonight Live with Steve Vizard was a nightly Australian comedy chat show broadcast on Seven Network in Australia, it featured live music performances.", "title": "Tonight Live with Steve Vizard" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight\" is a song written and performed by American singer-songwriter James Taylor, from his 1972 album \"One Man Dog\". It was released as the lead single from the album, and peaked at No. 14 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on January 13, 1973. It also reached No. 3 Easy Listening. In Canada, the song reached No. 18 on the Pop Singles chart and No. 7 AC.", "title": "Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Cornelison (born June 20, 1964) is a professional singer who sings ``The Star - Spangled Banner ''and`` O Canada'' at the beginning of home games for the Chicago Blackhawks and he is accompanied by organist Frank Pellico. Cornelison started singing the anthem for the Blackhawks part - time in 1996; he has been singing the national anthem for the Blackhawks full - time since 2007. He has also performed the anthem before Chicago Bears home games at Soldier Field during the 2010 - 11 NFL playoffs, as well as the 2011 season opener against the Atlanta Falcons, which fell on the tenth anniversary of the September 11 attacks.", "title": "Jim Cornelison" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "My Heart is the eighth studio album released by country music artist Lorrie Morgan. It features two chart singles: \"Here I Go Again\" (#72) and \"Maybe Not Tonight\", a duet with Sammy Kershaw (#17). The latter song was also included on Kershaw's 1999 album \"Maybe Not Tonight\". The track \"The Only Thing That Looks Good on Me Is You\" is a cover of a Bryan Adams song.", "title": "My Heart (Lorrie Morgan album)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tonight We Ride is the twelfth album by American singer-songwriter Michael Martin Murphey and his first for Warner Bros. Records. Released in 1986, the album was produced by Jim Ed Norman and contains guest performances by Pam Tillis, Reggie Young, Mark O'Connor, Charlie McCoy, and J.D. Souther. The album's title track was also its first single. The album peaked at number 46 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart.", "title": "Tonight We Ride" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1853 Biscaccianti performed in operas in South America, including in Lima, Peru. After retiring from the stage she taught singing in Milan. In her elder years she lived in a home for artists in Paris that was supported by a foundation in memory of Rossini.", "title": "Eliza Biscaccianti" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Philadelphia is home to many national historical sites that relate to the founding of the United States. Independence National Historical Park is the center of these historical landmarks being one of the country's 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed, and the Liberty Bell are the city's most famous attractions. Other historic sites include homes for Edgar Allan Poe, Betsy Ross, and Thaddeus Kosciuszko, early government buildings like the First and Second Banks of the United States, Fort Mifflin, and the Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church. Philadelphia alone has 67 National Historic Landmarks, the third most of any city in the country.", "title": "Philadelphia" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``I'm Gonna Wash That Man Right Outa My Hair ''is a song from the musical South Pacific, sung by Nellie Forbush, the female lead, originally played by Mary Martin in the 1949 Broadway production. Her character, fed up with a man (Emile De Becque) and singing energetically in the shower, claims that she will forget about him. The song was written by Rodgers and Hammerstein in response to Martin's request. She had starred on Broadway for years and Martin suggested that she wash her hair on stage during the performance.", "title": "I'm Gonna Wash That Man Right Outa My Hair" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wildflowers is the debut album by Canadian country music artist Cassandra Vasik. It was released by Epic Records in 1991. The album includes the Top 5 single \"Which Face Should I Put on Tonight.\"", "title": "Wildflowers (Cassandra Vasik album)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rockin' You Tonight is the second album released by American country music artist Blaine Larsen. Released in 2006 on BNA Records (in association with Giantslayer Records), the album produced two singles for Larsen on the Hot Country Songs charts: \"I Don't Know What She Said\" and \"Spoken Like a Man\", which respectively reached number 24 and number 42. Also included is a cover of Mac Davis's \"Baby, Don't Get Hooked on Me\", as well as \"I'm in Love with a Married Woman\", which was previously recorded and released as a single by Mark Chesnutt from his 2002 self-titled album. \"Let Alone You\" was later recorded by Easton Corbin on his eponymous debut album in 2010.", "title": "Rockin' You Tonight" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daniel Jacob Stern (born August 28, 1957) is an American film and television actor, director and screenwriter. He is known for his roles as Marv Merchants in Home Alone, Home Alone 2: Lost in New York, and the voice of Adult Kevin Arnold on the television series The Wonder Years. He also starred in the horror comedy film Otis.", "title": "Daniel Stern (actor)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Troubadour\" is a song written by Leslie Satcher and Monty Holmes, and recorded by American country singer George Strait. It was released in June 2008 as the second single and title track from his album \"Troubadour\". The song was the 86th chart single of his career. It has become his 79th Top Ten single on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. \"Troubadour\" was nominated for Best Male Country Vocal Performance at the 2009 Grammy Awards. Vince Gill sings background vocals on the single.", "title": "Troubadour (song)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1951 in Greenbow, Alabama, young Forrest is fitted with leg braces to correct a curved spine, and is not able to walk. He lives alone with his mother, who runs a boarding house out of their home that attracts many tenants, including a young Elvis Presley, who plays the guitar for Forrest and incorporates his jerky dance movements into his famous performances. On the first day in school, Forrest meets a girl called Jenny Curran, and the two become good friends.", "title": "Forrest Gump" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``Home Alone Tonight ''is a song recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan as a duet with Karen Fairchild of American country music group Little Big Town for his fifth studio album, Kill the Lights (2015). Upon the release of the album, the song entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart at number 33 on the strength of digital downloads. It was serviced to American country radio on November 23, 2015 as the album's third official single.", "title": "Home Alone Tonight" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "I Wish Tonight Would Never End is an album by American country music artist George Jones. It was released in 1963 on the United Artists record label.", "title": "I Wish Tonight Would Never End" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Despite Sue's warning, Henry invites Lucy to have breakfast with him. Eventually she does, but it ends poorly when Henry unintentionally hurts Lucy's feelings. He follows her home to apologize where Marlin and Doug instruct Henry to leave Lucy alone. Henry begins concocting ways to run into Lucy on the following days, such as pretending to have car trouble, creating a fake road block, or by having Ula beat him up. Eventually, Marlin and Doug figure this out due to Lucy singing The Beach Boys' ``Would n't It Be Nice ''on the days when she meets Henry.", "title": "50 First Dates" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Country Man\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It originally appeared on his 2006 self-titled EP, and was released in March 2008 as the third single from his debut album \"I'll Stay Me\". The song, like Bryan's previous two singles (\"All My Friends Say\" and \"We Rode in Trucks\"), charted in the top 40 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. It was written by Bryan, Patrick Jason Matthews and Galen Griffin.", "title": "Country Man" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``You're My Home ''is a single by Billy Joel. It was originally on Billy Joel's 1973 album Piano Man, and also appears on Songs in the Attic (1981), The Ultimate Collection (2000), The Essential Billy Joel (2001) and 12 Gardens Live (2006). The song appears as a B - side on`` Piano Man'' and ``All My Life ''singles. The song was also covered by Helen Reddy on her album Love Song for Jeffrey, which was released as the flipside of her`` Keep On Singing'' single. It was also recorded by Sami Jo Cole on her album Sami Jo produced by Jimmy Bowen.", "title": "You're My Home" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zélie de Lussan (21 December 1861 – 18 December 1949) was an American opera singer of French descent who was successful in her native country but made most of her career in England. The wide range of her voice allowed her to sing both mezzo-soprano and soprano roles. Among de Lussan's most famous roles was the title role in Bizet's \"Carmen\", which she performed 2,000 times. She appeared with Sir Thomas Beecham's opera companies, at Covent Garden and with the Carl Rosa Opera Company. After retiring from the stage she made her home in London, where she continued to teach singing for many years.", "title": "Zélie de Lussan" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wherever You Are Tonight is the fourth and final studio album release by American country music singer Keith Whitley. It was the second posthumous album of his career. The album consists of ten songwriter demos which Whitley had recorded. His vocal was the only track kept from those original demos. All new music arrangements were written to renew and dynamically support Whitley's vocals. The album was released via BNA Records, the label to which Whitley's widow, Lorrie Morgan, was signed at the time. ``Wherever You Are Tonight ''peaked at # 75 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts in 1995.", "title": "Wherever You Are Tonight" } ]	Who sing "Home Alone Tonight" with the performer of "country Man"?	Karen Fairchild	[]	Title: Eliza Biscaccianti Passage: In 1853 Biscaccianti performed in operas in South America, including in Lima, Peru. After retiring from the stage she taught singing in Milan. In her elder years she lived in a home for artists in Paris that was supported by a foundation in memory of Rossini. Title: Tonight We Ride Passage: Tonight We Ride is the twelfth album by American singer-songwriter Michael Martin Murphey and his first for Warner Bros. Records. Released in 1986, the album was produced by Jim Ed Norman and contains guest performances by Pam Tillis, Reggie Young, Mark O'Connor, Charlie McCoy, and J.D. Souther. The album's title track was also its first single. The album peaked at number 46 on the "Billboard" Top Country Albums chart. Title: Rockin' You Tonight Passage: Rockin' You Tonight is the second album released by American country music artist Blaine Larsen. Released in 2006 on BNA Records (in association with Giantslayer Records), the album produced two singles for Larsen on the Hot Country Songs charts: "I Don't Know What She Said" and "Spoken Like a Man", which respectively reached number 24 and number 42. Also included is a cover of Mac Davis's "Baby, Don't Get Hooked on Me", as well as "I'm in Love with a Married Woman", which was previously recorded and released as a single by Mark Chesnutt from his 2002 self-titled album. "Let Alone You" was later recorded by Easton Corbin on his eponymous debut album in 2010. Title: I'm Gonna Wash That Man Right Outa My Hair Passage: ``I'm Gonna Wash That Man Right Outa My Hair ''is a song from the musical South Pacific, sung by Nellie Forbush, the female lead, originally played by Mary Martin in the 1949 Broadway production. Her character, fed up with a man (Emile De Becque) and singing energetically in the shower, claims that she will forget about him. The song was written by Rodgers and Hammerstein in response to Martin's request. She had starred on Broadway for years and Martin suggested that she wash her hair on stage during the performance. Title: Daniel Stern (actor) Passage: Daniel Jacob Stern (born August 28, 1957) is an American film and television actor, director and screenwriter. He is known for his roles as Marv Merchants in Home Alone, Home Alone 2: Lost in New York, and the voice of Adult Kevin Arnold on the television series The Wonder Years. He also starred in the horror comedy film Otis. Title: Wildflowers (Cassandra Vasik album) Passage: Wildflowers is the debut album by Canadian country music artist Cassandra Vasik. It was released by Epic Records in 1991. The album includes the Top 5 single "Which Face Should I Put on Tonight." Title: Philadelphia Passage: Philadelphia is home to many national historical sites that relate to the founding of the United States. Independence National Historical Park is the center of these historical landmarks being one of the country's 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed, and the Liberty Bell are the city's most famous attractions. Other historic sites include homes for Edgar Allan Poe, Betsy Ross, and Thaddeus Kosciuszko, early government buildings like the First and Second Banks of the United States, Fort Mifflin, and the Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church. Philadelphia alone has 67 National Historic Landmarks, the third most of any city in the country. Title: Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight Passage: "Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight" is a song written and performed by American singer-songwriter James Taylor, from his 1972 album "One Man Dog". It was released as the lead single from the album, and peaked at No. 14 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 on January 13, 1973. It also reached No. 3 Easy Listening. In Canada, the song reached No. 18 on the Pop Singles chart and No. 7 AC. Title: Forrest Gump Passage: In 1951 in Greenbow, Alabama, young Forrest is fitted with leg braces to correct a curved spine, and is not able to walk. He lives alone with his mother, who runs a boarding house out of their home that attracts many tenants, including a young Elvis Presley, who plays the guitar for Forrest and incorporates his jerky dance movements into his famous performances. On the first day in school, Forrest meets a girl called Jenny Curran, and the two become good friends. Title: I Wish Tonight Would Never End Passage: I Wish Tonight Would Never End is an album by American country music artist George Jones. It was released in 1963 on the United Artists record label. Title: Tonight Live with Steve Vizard Passage: Tonight Live with Steve Vizard was a nightly Australian comedy chat show broadcast on Seven Network in Australia, it featured live music performances. Title: You're My Home Passage: ``You're My Home ''is a single by Billy Joel. It was originally on Billy Joel's 1973 album Piano Man, and also appears on Songs in the Attic (1981), The Ultimate Collection (2000), The Essential Billy Joel (2001) and 12 Gardens Live (2006). The song appears as a B - side on`` Piano Man'' and ``All My Life ''singles. The song was also covered by Helen Reddy on her album Love Song for Jeffrey, which was released as the flipside of her`` Keep On Singing'' single. It was also recorded by Sami Jo Cole on her album Sami Jo produced by Jimmy Bowen. Title: My Heart (Lorrie Morgan album) Passage: My Heart is the eighth studio album released by country music artist Lorrie Morgan. It features two chart singles: "Here I Go Again" (#72) and "Maybe Not Tonight", a duet with Sammy Kershaw (#17). The latter song was also included on Kershaw's 1999 album "Maybe Not Tonight". The track "The Only Thing That Looks Good on Me Is You" is a cover of a Bryan Adams song. Title: Wherever You Are Tonight Passage: Wherever You Are Tonight is the fourth and final studio album release by American country music singer Keith Whitley. It was the second posthumous album of his career. The album consists of ten songwriter demos which Whitley had recorded. His vocal was the only track kept from those original demos. All new music arrangements were written to renew and dynamically support Whitley's vocals. The album was released via BNA Records, the label to which Whitley's widow, Lorrie Morgan, was signed at the time. ``Wherever You Are Tonight ''peaked at # 75 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts in 1995. Title: Home Alone Tonight Passage: ``Home Alone Tonight ''is a song recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan as a duet with Karen Fairchild of American country music group Little Big Town for his fifth studio album, Kill the Lights (2015). Upon the release of the album, the song entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart at number 33 on the strength of digital downloads. It was serviced to American country radio on November 23, 2015 as the album's third official single. Title: Country Man Passage: "Country Man" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It originally appeared on his 2006 self-titled EP, and was released in March 2008 as the third single from his debut album "I'll Stay Me". The song, like Bryan's previous two singles ("All My Friends Say" and "We Rode in Trucks"), charted in the top 40 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Songs chart. It was written by Bryan, Patrick Jason Matthews and Galen Griffin. Title: Jim Cornelison Passage: James Cornelison (born June 20, 1964) is a professional singer who sings ``The Star - Spangled Banner ''and`` O Canada'' at the beginning of home games for the Chicago Blackhawks and he is accompanied by organist Frank Pellico. Cornelison started singing the anthem for the Blackhawks part - time in 1996; he has been singing the national anthem for the Blackhawks full - time since 2007. He has also performed the anthem before Chicago Bears home games at Soldier Field during the 2010 - 11 NFL playoffs, as well as the 2011 season opener against the Atlanta Falcons, which fell on the tenth anniversary of the September 11 attacks. Title: 50 First Dates Passage: Despite Sue's warning, Henry invites Lucy to have breakfast with him. Eventually she does, but it ends poorly when Henry unintentionally hurts Lucy's feelings. He follows her home to apologize where Marlin and Doug instruct Henry to leave Lucy alone. Henry begins concocting ways to run into Lucy on the following days, such as pretending to have car trouble, creating a fake road block, or by having Ula beat him up. Eventually, Marlin and Doug figure this out due to Lucy singing The Beach Boys' ``Would n't It Be Nice ''on the days when she meets Henry. Title: Zélie de Lussan Passage: Zélie de Lussan (21 December 1861 – 18 December 1949) was an American opera singer of French descent who was successful in her native country but made most of her career in England. The wide range of her voice allowed her to sing both mezzo-soprano and soprano roles. Among de Lussan's most famous roles was the title role in Bizet's "Carmen", which she performed 2,000 times. She appeared with Sir Thomas Beecham's opera companies, at Covent Garden and with the Carl Rosa Opera Company. After retiring from the stage she made her home in London, where she continued to teach singing for many years. Title: Troubadour (song) Passage: "Troubadour" is a song written by Leslie Satcher and Monty Holmes, and recorded by American country singer George Strait. It was released in June 2008 as the second single and title track from his album "Troubadour". The song was the 86th chart single of his career. It has become his 79th Top Ten single on the "Billboard" Hot Country Songs chart. "Troubadour" was nominated for Best Male Country Vocal Performance at the 2009 Grammy Awards. Vince Gill sings background vocals on the single.	[ "Home Alone Tonight", "Country Man" ]
2hop__90773_715759	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nuclear weapons possess enormous destructive power from nuclear fission or combined fission and fusion reactions. Starting with scientific breakthroughs made during the 1930s, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada collaborated during World War II in what was called the Manhattan Project to counter the suspected Nazi German atomic bomb project. In August 1945, two fission bombs were dropped on Japan, standing to date as the only use of nuclear weapons in combat. The Soviet Union started development shortly thereafter with their own atomic bomb project, and not long after that both countries developed even more powerful fusion weapons known as ``hydrogen bombs ''.", "title": "History of nuclear weapons" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2008 Bangalore serial blasts occurred on 25 July 2008 in Bangalore, India. A series of nine bombs exploded in which one person was killed and 20 injured. According to the Bangalore City Police, the blasts were caused by low-intensity crude bombs triggered by timers.", "title": "2008 Bangalore serial blasts" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the impending overrun of the Korean peninsula by Russian forces, Japan surrendered to the Allied forces on 15 August 1945, ending 35 years of Japanese occupation.", "title": "Korea under Japanese rule" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Among Ike's objectives in not directly confronting McCarthy was to prevent McCarthy from dragging the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) into McCarthy's witch hunt for communists, which would interfere with, and perhaps delay, the AEC's important work on H-bombs. The administration had discovered through its own investigations that one of the leading scientists on the AEC, J. Robert Oppenheimer, had urged that the H-bomb work be delayed. Eisenhower removed him from the agency and revoked his security clearance, though he knew this would create fertile ground for McCarthy.", "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Enola Gay (/ ɪˈnoʊlə /) is a Boeing B - 29 Superfortress bomber, named after Enola Gay Tibbets, the mother of the pilot, Colonel Paul Tibbets. On 6 August 1945, during the final stages of World War II, it became the first aircraft to drop an atomic bomb. The bomb, code - named ``Little Boy '', was targeted at the city of Hiroshima, Japan, and caused the near - complete destruction of the city. Enola Gay participated in the second atomic attack as the weather reconnaissance aircraft for the primary target of Kokura. Clouds and drifting smoke resulted in a secondary target, Nagasaki, being bombed instead.", "title": "Enola Gay" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In simple terms, the Cold War could be viewed as an expression of the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism. The United States faced a new uncertainty beginning in September 1949, when it lost its monopoly on the atomic bomb. American intelligence agencies discovered that the Soviet Union had exploded its first atomic bomb, with the consequence that the United States potentially could face a future nuclear war that, for the first time, might devastate its cities. Given this new danger, the United States participated in an arms race with the Soviet Union that included development of the hydrogen bomb, as well as intercontinental strategic bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) capable of delivering nuclear weapons. A new fear of communism and its sympathizers swept the United States during the 1950s, which devolved into paranoid McCarthyism. With communism spreading in China, Korea, and Eastern Europe, Americans came to feel so threatened that popular and political culture condoned extensive \"witch-hunts\" to expose communist spies. Part of the American reaction to the Soviet atomic and hydrogen bomb tests included maintaining a large Air Force, under the control of the Strategic Air Command (SAC). SAC employed intercontinental strategic bombers, as well as medium-bombers based close to Soviet airspace (in western Europe and in Turkey) that were capable of delivering nuclear payloads.", "title": "Space Race" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Little Boy ''was the codename for the atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 during World War II by the Boeing B - 29 Superfortress Enola Gay, piloted by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr., commander of the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces. It was the first atomic bomb to be used in warfare. The Hiroshima bombing was the second artificial nuclear explosion in history, after the Trinity test, and the first uranium - based detonation. It exploded with an energy of approximately 15 kilotons of TNT (63 TJ). The bomb caused significant destruction to the city of Hiroshima and its occupants.", "title": "Little Boy" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Part of the Pacific War of World War II Atomic bomb mushroom clouds over Hiroshima (left) and Nagasaki (right) Date August 6 and August 9, 1945 Location Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Empire of Japan Result Allied victory Belligerents United States Manhattan Project: United Kingdom Canada Japan Commanders and leaders William S. Parsons Paul W. Tibbets, Jr. Charles Sweeney Frederick Ashworth Shunroku Hata Units involved Manhattan District: 50 U.S., 2 British 509th Composite Group: 1,770 U.S. Second General Army: Hiroshima: 40,000 (5 Anti-aircraft batteries) Nagasaki: 9,000 (4 Anti-aircraft batteries) Casualties and losses 20 British, Dutch, and American prisoners of war killed Hiroshima: 20,000 soldiers killed 70,000 -- 126,000 civilians killed Nagasaki: 39,000 -- 80,000 killed Total: 129,000 -- 226,000 + killed", "title": "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed \"Little Boy\") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and \"Fat Man\") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.", "title": "Uranium" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Ray Dunning (September 24, 1907 – August 25, 1975) was an American physicist who played key roles in the Manhattan Project that developed the first atomic bombs. He specialized in neutron physics, and did pioneering work in gaseous diffusion for isotope separation. He was Dean of the School of Engineering and Applied Science at Columbia University from 1950 to 1969.", "title": "John R. Dunning" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "At Los Alamos, physicist Robert Serber proposed that instead of relying on spontaneous fission, the chain reaction inside the atomic bomb should be triggered by a neutron initiator. The best - known neutron sources were radium - beryllium and polonium - beryllium. The latter was chosen, as polonium has a 138 - day half - life, which made it intense enough to be useful but not long - lived enough to be stockpiled. Thomas took charge of the development of techniques to industrially refine polonium for use with beryllium in the ``urchin ''internal neutron initiators. This effort became the Dayton Project.", "title": "Dayton Project" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Due to the top secret nature of the work, Los Alamos was isolated. In Feynman's own words, \"There wasn't anything to do there.\" Bored, he indulged his curiosity by learning to pick the combination locks on cabinets and desks used to secure papers. Feynman played many jokes on colleagues. In one case he found the combination to a locked filing cabinet by trying the numbers he thought a physicist would use (it proved to be 27–18–28 after the base of natural logarithms, e = 2.71828...), and found that the three filing cabinets where a colleague kept a set of atomic bomb research notes all had the same combination. He left a series of notes in the cabinets as a prank, which initially spooked his colleague, Frederic de Hoffmann, into thinking a spy or saboteur had gained access to atomic bomb secrets. On several occasions, Feynman drove to Albuquerque to see his ailing wife in a car borrowed from Klaus Fuchs, who was later discovered to be a real spy for the Soviets, transporting nuclear secrets in his car to Santa Fe.", "title": "Richard Feynman" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Atom Bomb Blues is a BBC Books original novel written by Andrew Cartmel and based on the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". Published in late 2005, it features the Seventh Doctor and Ace. It is the last published Past Doctor Adventure to be issued by BBC Books, the company having decided in 2005 to focus on a new series of books tying into the television series and featuring the \"current\" Doctors.", "title": "Atom Bomb Blues" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abdul Subhan Qureshi (also Abdus Subhan) (born 1972) is a suspected bomb-maker and one of the most wanted terrorists in India and has been called India's Osama Bin Laden. He is suspected to be associated with the Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI), and is thought to have been responsible for participating in the Bangalore, Ahmedabad and Delhi bombings. He is also a suspect in the 11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings.", "title": "Abdul Subhan Qureshi" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tsutomu Yamaguchi (山口彊, Yamaguchi Tsutomu) (March 16, 1916 -- January 4, 2010) was a survivor of both the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings during World War II. Although at least 69 people are known to have been affected by both bombings, he is the only person to have been officially recognized by the government of Japan as surviving both explosions.", "title": "Tsutomu Yamaguchi" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr. (23 February 1915 -- 1 November 2007) was a brigadier general in the United States Air Force. He is best known as the pilot who flew the Enola Gay (named after his mother) when it dropped Little Boy, the first of two atomic bombs used in warfare, on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.", "title": "Paul Tibbets" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harvey Fletcher (September 11, 1884 – July 23, 1981) was an American physicist. Known as the \"father of stereophonic sound,\" he is credited with the invention of the 2-A audiometer and an early electronic hearing aid. He was an investigator into the nature of speech and hearing, and made contributions in acoustics, electrical engineering, speech, medicine, music, atomic physics, sound pictures, and education.", "title": "Harvey Fletcher" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Along with four other scientists and various military personnel, von Neumann was included in the target selection committee responsible for choosing the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the first targets of the atomic bomb. Von Neumann oversaw computations related to the expected size of the bomb blasts, estimated death tolls, and the distance above the ground at which the bombs should be detonated for optimum shock wave propagation and thus maximum effect. The cultural capital Kyoto, which had been spared the bombing inflicted upon militarily significant cities, was von Neumann's first choice, a selection seconded by Manhattan Project leader General Leslie Groves. However, this target was dismissed by Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson.", "title": "John von Neumann" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Robert Serber (March 14, 1909 – June 1, 1997) was an American physicist who participated in the Manhattan Project. Serber's lectures explaining the basic principles and goals of the project were printed and supplied to all incoming scientific staff, and became known as \"The Los Alamos Primer\". The \"New York Times\" called him “the intellectual midwife at the birth of the atomic bomb.”", "title": "Robert Serber" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1945, the sinking of Indianapolis led to the greatest single loss of life at sea, from a single ship, in the history of the US Navy. The ship had just finished a high - speed trip to United States Army Air Force Base at Tinian, to deliver parts of the first atomic bomb ever used in combat (the United States' Little Boy atomic bomb), and was on training duty. At 0015 on 30 July 1945 the ship was torpedoed by the Imperial Japanese Navy submarine I - 58. The ship, on her way to the Philippines, sank in 12 minutes. Of 1,196 crewmen aboard, approximately 300 went down with the ship. The remaining 900 faced exposure, dehydration, saltwater poisoning, and shark attacks while floating with few lifeboats and almost no food or water. The Navy learned of the sinking when survivors were spotted four days later by the crew of a PV - 1 Ventura on routine patrol. Only 317 survived.", "title": "USS Indianapolis (CA-35)" } ]	What was the inventor of the atomic bomb trigger a participant in?	Manhattan Project	[]	Title: Richard Feynman Passage: Due to the top secret nature of the work, Los Alamos was isolated. In Feynman's own words, "There wasn't anything to do there." Bored, he indulged his curiosity by learning to pick the combination locks on cabinets and desks used to secure papers. Feynman played many jokes on colleagues. In one case he found the combination to a locked filing cabinet by trying the numbers he thought a physicist would use (it proved to be 27–18–28 after the base of natural logarithms, e = 2.71828...), and found that the three filing cabinets where a colleague kept a set of atomic bomb research notes all had the same combination. He left a series of notes in the cabinets as a prank, which initially spooked his colleague, Frederic de Hoffmann, into thinking a spy or saboteur had gained access to atomic bomb secrets. On several occasions, Feynman drove to Albuquerque to see his ailing wife in a car borrowed from Klaus Fuchs, who was later discovered to be a real spy for the Soviets, transporting nuclear secrets in his car to Santa Fe. Title: Tsutomu Yamaguchi Passage: Tsutomu Yamaguchi (山口彊, Yamaguchi Tsutomu) (March 16, 1916 -- January 4, 2010) was a survivor of both the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings during World War II. Although at least 69 people are known to have been affected by both bombings, he is the only person to have been officially recognized by the government of Japan as surviving both explosions. Title: Dwight D. Eisenhower Passage: Among Ike's objectives in not directly confronting McCarthy was to prevent McCarthy from dragging the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) into McCarthy's witch hunt for communists, which would interfere with, and perhaps delay, the AEC's important work on H-bombs. The administration had discovered through its own investigations that one of the leading scientists on the AEC, J. Robert Oppenheimer, had urged that the H-bomb work be delayed. Eisenhower removed him from the agency and revoked his security clearance, though he knew this would create fertile ground for McCarthy. Title: John von Neumann Passage: Along with four other scientists and various military personnel, von Neumann was included in the target selection committee responsible for choosing the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the first targets of the atomic bomb. Von Neumann oversaw computations related to the expected size of the bomb blasts, estimated death tolls, and the distance above the ground at which the bombs should be detonated for optimum shock wave propagation and thus maximum effect. The cultural capital Kyoto, which had been spared the bombing inflicted upon militarily significant cities, was von Neumann's first choice, a selection seconded by Manhattan Project leader General Leslie Groves. However, this target was dismissed by Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson. Title: 2008 Bangalore serial blasts Passage: 2008 Bangalore serial blasts occurred on 25 July 2008 in Bangalore, India. A series of nine bombs exploded in which one person was killed and 20 injured. According to the Bangalore City Police, the blasts were caused by low-intensity crude bombs triggered by timers. Title: Uranium Passage: Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world. Title: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Passage: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Part of the Pacific War of World War II Atomic bomb mushroom clouds over Hiroshima (left) and Nagasaki (right) Date August 6 and August 9, 1945 Location Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Empire of Japan Result Allied victory Belligerents United States Manhattan Project: United Kingdom Canada Japan Commanders and leaders William S. Parsons Paul W. Tibbets, Jr. Charles Sweeney Frederick Ashworth Shunroku Hata Units involved Manhattan District: 50 U.S., 2 British 509th Composite Group: 1,770 U.S. Second General Army: Hiroshima: 40,000 (5 Anti-aircraft batteries) Nagasaki: 9,000 (4 Anti-aircraft batteries) Casualties and losses 20 British, Dutch, and American prisoners of war killed Hiroshima: 20,000 soldiers killed 70,000 -- 126,000 civilians killed Nagasaki: 39,000 -- 80,000 killed Total: 129,000 -- 226,000 + killed Title: Korea under Japanese rule Passage: Following the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the impending overrun of the Korean peninsula by Russian forces, Japan surrendered to the Allied forces on 15 August 1945, ending 35 years of Japanese occupation. Title: History of nuclear weapons Passage: Nuclear weapons possess enormous destructive power from nuclear fission or combined fission and fusion reactions. Starting with scientific breakthroughs made during the 1930s, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada collaborated during World War II in what was called the Manhattan Project to counter the suspected Nazi German atomic bomb project. In August 1945, two fission bombs were dropped on Japan, standing to date as the only use of nuclear weapons in combat. The Soviet Union started development shortly thereafter with their own atomic bomb project, and not long after that both countries developed even more powerful fusion weapons known as ``hydrogen bombs ''. Title: Atom Bomb Blues Passage: Atom Bomb Blues is a BBC Books original novel written by Andrew Cartmel and based on the long-running British science fiction television series "Doctor Who". Published in late 2005, it features the Seventh Doctor and Ace. It is the last published Past Doctor Adventure to be issued by BBC Books, the company having decided in 2005 to focus on a new series of books tying into the television series and featuring the "current" Doctors. Title: Little Boy Passage: ``Little Boy ''was the codename for the atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 during World War II by the Boeing B - 29 Superfortress Enola Gay, piloted by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr., commander of the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces. It was the first atomic bomb to be used in warfare. The Hiroshima bombing was the second artificial nuclear explosion in history, after the Trinity test, and the first uranium - based detonation. It exploded with an energy of approximately 15 kilotons of TNT (63 TJ). The bomb caused significant destruction to the city of Hiroshima and its occupants. Title: Harvey Fletcher Passage: Harvey Fletcher (September 11, 1884 – July 23, 1981) was an American physicist. Known as the "father of stereophonic sound," he is credited with the invention of the 2-A audiometer and an early electronic hearing aid. He was an investigator into the nature of speech and hearing, and made contributions in acoustics, electrical engineering, speech, medicine, music, atomic physics, sound pictures, and education. Title: Enola Gay Passage: The Enola Gay (/ ɪˈnoʊlə /) is a Boeing B - 29 Superfortress bomber, named after Enola Gay Tibbets, the mother of the pilot, Colonel Paul Tibbets. On 6 August 1945, during the final stages of World War II, it became the first aircraft to drop an atomic bomb. The bomb, code - named ``Little Boy '', was targeted at the city of Hiroshima, Japan, and caused the near - complete destruction of the city. Enola Gay participated in the second atomic attack as the weather reconnaissance aircraft for the primary target of Kokura. Clouds and drifting smoke resulted in a secondary target, Nagasaki, being bombed instead. Title: Abdul Subhan Qureshi Passage: Abdul Subhan Qureshi (also Abdus Subhan) (born 1972) is a suspected bomb-maker and one of the most wanted terrorists in India and has been called India's Osama Bin Laden. He is suspected to be associated with the Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI), and is thought to have been responsible for participating in the Bangalore, Ahmedabad and Delhi bombings. He is also a suspect in the 11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings. Title: John R. Dunning Passage: John Ray Dunning (September 24, 1907 – August 25, 1975) was an American physicist who played key roles in the Manhattan Project that developed the first atomic bombs. He specialized in neutron physics, and did pioneering work in gaseous diffusion for isotope separation. He was Dean of the School of Engineering and Applied Science at Columbia University from 1950 to 1969. Title: Paul Tibbets Passage: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr. (23 February 1915 -- 1 November 2007) was a brigadier general in the United States Air Force. He is best known as the pilot who flew the Enola Gay (named after his mother) when it dropped Little Boy, the first of two atomic bombs used in warfare, on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Title: USS Indianapolis (CA-35) Passage: In 1945, the sinking of Indianapolis led to the greatest single loss of life at sea, from a single ship, in the history of the US Navy. The ship had just finished a high - speed trip to United States Army Air Force Base at Tinian, to deliver parts of the first atomic bomb ever used in combat (the United States' Little Boy atomic bomb), and was on training duty. At 0015 on 30 July 1945 the ship was torpedoed by the Imperial Japanese Navy submarine I - 58. The ship, on her way to the Philippines, sank in 12 minutes. Of 1,196 crewmen aboard, approximately 300 went down with the ship. The remaining 900 faced exposure, dehydration, saltwater poisoning, and shark attacks while floating with few lifeboats and almost no food or water. The Navy learned of the sinking when survivors were spotted four days later by the crew of a PV - 1 Ventura on routine patrol. Only 317 survived. Title: Dayton Project Passage: At Los Alamos, physicist Robert Serber proposed that instead of relying on spontaneous fission, the chain reaction inside the atomic bomb should be triggered by a neutron initiator. The best - known neutron sources were radium - beryllium and polonium - beryllium. The latter was chosen, as polonium has a 138 - day half - life, which made it intense enough to be useful but not long - lived enough to be stockpiled. Thomas took charge of the development of techniques to industrially refine polonium for use with beryllium in the ``urchin ''internal neutron initiators. This effort became the Dayton Project. Title: Space Race Passage: In simple terms, the Cold War could be viewed as an expression of the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism. The United States faced a new uncertainty beginning in September 1949, when it lost its monopoly on the atomic bomb. American intelligence agencies discovered that the Soviet Union had exploded its first atomic bomb, with the consequence that the United States potentially could face a future nuclear war that, for the first time, might devastate its cities. Given this new danger, the United States participated in an arms race with the Soviet Union that included development of the hydrogen bomb, as well as intercontinental strategic bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) capable of delivering nuclear weapons. A new fear of communism and its sympathizers swept the United States during the 1950s, which devolved into paranoid McCarthyism. With communism spreading in China, Korea, and Eastern Europe, Americans came to feel so threatened that popular and political culture condoned extensive "witch-hunts" to expose communist spies. Part of the American reaction to the Soviet atomic and hydrogen bomb tests included maintaining a large Air Force, under the control of the Strategic Air Command (SAC). SAC employed intercontinental strategic bombers, as well as medium-bombers based close to Soviet airspace (in western Europe and in Turkey) that were capable of delivering nuclear payloads. Title: Robert Serber Passage: Robert Serber (March 14, 1909 – June 1, 1997) was an American physicist who participated in the Manhattan Project. Serber's lectures explaining the basic principles and goals of the project were printed and supplied to all incoming scientific staff, and became known as "The Los Alamos Primer". The "New York Times" called him “the intellectual midwife at the birth of the atomic bomb.”	[ "Dayton Project", "Robert Serber" ]
2hop__48033_90973	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter Dickson (born 23 June 1957), is a British voice - over artist. He is best known as the voice of E4, and he is the brand voice of The X Factor, Britain's Got Talent, The Price Is Right, Family Fortunes, All Star Mr & Mrs, Live at the Apollo, Michael McIntyre's Comedy Roadshow and Chris Moyles' Quiz Night.", "title": "Peter Dickson (announcer)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alexandrea Borstein (born February 15, 1971) is an American actress, writer, producer, and comedian. She is known for voicing the role of Lois Griffin on the animated comedy series Family Guy (1999 -- present), for which she has been nominated for multiple Primetime Emmy Awards.", "title": "Alex Borstein" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Friends with Benefits is a 2011 American romantic comedy film directed by Will Gluck, and starring Justin Timberlake and Mila Kunis in the lead roles. The film features Patricia Clarkson, Jenna Elfman, Bryan Greenberg, Nolan Gould, Richard Jenkins, and Woody Harrelson in supporting roles. The plot revolves around Dylan Harper (Timberlake) and Jamie Rellis (Kunis), who meet in New York City, and naively believe adding sex to their friendship will not lead to complications. Over time, they begin to develop deep mutual feelings for each other, only to deny it each time they are together.", "title": "Friends with Benefits (film)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Hannah Banana ''was written by series regular Cherry Chevapravatdumrong and directed by John Holmquist, before the conclusion of the eighth production season. Commenting on the original development of the episode, series creator and executive producer Seth MacFarlane stated,`` (The episode) was the result of our ongoing desire to let the series stagnate, and kind of evolve things that may have run their course. There's only so many times you can do the Evil Monkey jumping out of that closet, before the joke gets old, and I think often times there's a fear to mess with what works, and change things permanently. (...) We literally retired the Evil Monkey in this episode, and got a great episode out of it, which was worth it, and kind of evolved the series in a way.'' Singer and actress Candace Marie provided the voice of Miley Cyrus. Marie received the role when her producer alerted her of the audition, and she eventually received a call from the Family Guy casting director a month later. Even though the episode mocked Cyrus, Marie did not think she would upset any of Cyrus' fans. She added that she is a fan herself, and ``was very impressed by the way Family Guy developed the episode, ''and thought it was`` a huge compliment for them to refer to Miley as the ``perfect popstar.'' ''After voicing Cyrus, Marie was called back to Family Guy to voice Meg's friend Beth for`` several upcoming episodes.'' Marie described Beth as a girl that is ``rarely addressed in conversation but loves to chime in whenever she can. ''The song in the episode sung by Cyrus was written by Chevapravatdumrong, and composed and performed by Family Guy composer Walter Murphy.", "title": "Hannah Banana" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Look Who's Talking Too is a 1990 American romantic comedy film and a sequel to director Amy Heckerling's 1989 comedy Look Who's Talking. The film stars the original cast members John Travolta and Kirstie Alley as James and Mollie Ubriacco, the parents of Mikey (voiced by Bruce Willis), a toddler coping with the newest addition to the family, baby Julie (voiced by Roseanne Barr). In addition to this, he is having trouble using a potty, and the unorthodox advice he gets from his playmate, Eddie (voiced by Damon Wayans), does n't make his problem any better.", "title": "Look Who's Talking Too" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first season of the animated comedy series Family Guy aired on Fox from January 31 to May 16, 1999, and consisted of seven episodes. The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family -- father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, son Stewie and their anthropomorphic dog Brian, all of whom reside in their hometown of Quahog. The show features the voices of series creator Seth MacFarlane, Alex Borstein, Seth Green, and Lacey Chabert in the roles of the Griffin family. The executive producers for the first season were David Zuckerman and MacFarlane.", "title": "Family Guy (season 1)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Family Guy's seventh season first aired on the Fox network in sixteen episodes from September 28, 2008 to May 17, 2009 before being released as two DVD box sets and syndicated. The animated television series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family (father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and their anthropomorphic dog Brian), who reside in the town of Quahog. The show features the voices of series creator Seth MacFarlane, Alex Borstein, Seth Green, and Mila Kunis in the roles of the Griffin family. The executive producers for the seventh season were MacFarlane, Danny Smith, David Goodman and Chris Sheridan. Goodman and Sheridan served as showrunners for season seven.", "title": "Family Guy (season 7)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lori Alan (born July 18, 1966) is an American actress, comedian, and voice actress. She has played a long - running role as Pearl Krabs on the animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. She also voiced Diane Simmons on Family Guy, the Invisible Woman on The Fantastic Four, and The Boss in the Metal Gear video game series. Alan is active with animal rescue and politics, and she currently lives in Los Angeles.", "title": "Lori Alan" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sterling Price Holloway Jr. (January 4, 1905 -- November 22, 1992) was an American character actor and voice actor who appeared in over 100 films and 40 television shows. He was also a voice actor for The Walt Disney Company, well known for his distinctive tenor voice, and served as the original voice of the title character in Walt Disney's Winnie the Pooh.", "title": "Sterling Holloway" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alexandrea Borstein (born February 15, 1971) is an American actress, writer, producer, and comedian. She is best known for voicing the role of Lois Griffin on the animated comedy series Family Guy (1999 -- present), for which she has been nominated for multiple Primetime Emmy Awards.", "title": "Alex Borstein" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Meg debuted on television when Family Guy debuted on Fox on January 31, 1999, with the episode ``Death Has a Shadow ''. Originally voiced by Lacey Chabert during the first season, she has been voiced by Mila Kunis since season 2, although Chabert returned to voice Meg in`` Yug Ylimaf'' and ``Back to the Pilot ''.", "title": "Meg Griffin" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carlos Jaime Alazraqui (born July 20, 1962) is an American stand - up comedian, actor, voice actor, singer, impressionist, producer and screenwriter possibly best known as Deputy James Garcia on Reno 911!. His extensive voice - over work includes the role of Bobbi Fabulous on Phineas and Ferb, the Taco Bell chihuahua in the Taco Bell commercials, Denzel Crocker and Juandissimo Magnifico on The Fairly OddParents, Rocko and Spunky on Rocko's Modern Life, Lazlo and Clam in Camp Lazlo, Grandpapi Rivera in El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera, and as Mr. Weed in Family Guy. He is a weekly contributor on The Stephanie Miller Show.", "title": "Carlos Alazraqui" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John D. Viener (born July 10, 1972) is an American actor, voice actor, writer, and comedian. Viener was born in New York City, New York. He is a writer and producer on the television series \"Family Guy\", where he also voices many miscellaneous characters.", "title": "John Viener" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Mila Kunis voices Meg Griffin. Kunis won the role after auditions and a slight rewrite of the character, in part due to her performance on That '70s Show. MacFarlane called Kunis back after her first audition, instructing her to speak slower, and then told her to come back another time and enunciate more. Once she claimed that she had it under control, MacFarlane hired her. Kunis described her character as ``the scapegoat ''. She further explained,`` Meg gets picked on a lot. But it's funny. It's like the middle child. She is constantly in the state of being an awkward 14 - year - old, when you're kind of going through puberty and what - not. She's just in a perpetual mode of humiliation. And it's fun.''", "title": "List of Family Guy cast members" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cleveland Brown (voiced by Mike Henry) is the protagonist of the series. He is a heavy - set African - American male who is very polite to everyone and has a unique laugh. He was formerly one of Peter Griffin's best friends in Family Guy and also owned and ran a deli. In ``Pilot ''he moves to the town of Stoolbend, Virginia to show his son where he grew up (even though Cleveland was in love with Donna but they were only friends and she did not know it). Eventually re-sparking his relationship with her, they get married and he and his son move in with her and her two children. Cleveland is usually depicted as exceedingly gentle and patient, and it is only on rare occasions that he has been known to lose his temper and resort to violence. However, Cleveland gets visibly annoyed with racist behavior, which sometimes is justified. He often acts as the voice of caution when other characters hatch harebrained schemes. Cleveland's speech is slow and almost elongated in Family Guy, but in The Cleveland Show his voice has a wide variety. Various flashbacks give conflicting histories of his speech patterns. He is shown as a more sexual, stupid, and violent character in his new form than he was originally.", "title": "List of The Cleveland Show characters" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Meg made her first appearance on television when Family Guy debuted on Fox on January 31, 1999, with the episode ``Death Has a Shadow ''. Originally voiced by Lacey Chabert during the first season, she has been voiced by Mila Kunis since season 2, although Chabert returned to voice Meg in Yug Ylimaf and Back to the Pilot.", "title": "Meg Griffin" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lacey Chabert voiced Meg for the first production season (14 episodes), but, because of a contractual agreement, was never credited. Chabert left the series due to time constraints with her acting role in Party of Five, as well as schoolwork. Norm Macdonald voiced the character of Death in a second season episode of Family Guy. He was subsequently replaced by Adam Carolla in all other appearances. Jon Cryer originally voiced Kevin Swanson in his first appearance, before the role was passed temporarily onto Seth MacFarlane. The character was written out of the series for several years, with Scott Grimes taking over the voice when the character returned. Fairuza Balk was the original voice of high school bully Connie D'Amico until Lisa Wilhoit took over the character in the third season.", "title": "List of Family Guy cast members" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the earlier seasons of Family Guy, Cleveland frequently appeared alongside his wife Loretta Brown (voiced by Alex Borstein), until their divorce was portrayed in the Family Guy season 4 episode ``The Cleveland -- Loretta Quagmire ''. The pilot episode of The Cleveland Show depicts Cleveland's farewell to the familiar characters and settings of Family Guy. The Cleveland Show establishes its setting of Stoolbend, Virginia as Cleveland's childhood home town, and introduces a new family and set of characters supporting Cleveland as lead. Following The Cleveland Show's cancellation in 2013, Cleveland returned to Family Guy.", "title": "Cleveland Brown" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Meg Griffin Family Guy character First appearance 1998 Pilot Pitch of Family Guy (Early version) ``Death Has a Shadow ''(Official version) Created by Seth MacFarlane Voiced by Lacey Chabert (1999 -- 2000, 2011, 2012) Mila Kunis (1999 -- present) Tara Strong (singing voice) Information Occupation High school student Family Peter Griffin (father) Lois Griffin (mother) Chris Griffin (brother) Stewie Griffin (brother) Brian Griffin (dog) Spouse (s) Dr. Michael Milano (ex-fiancé) Nationality American", "title": "Meg Griffin" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lori Alan is an American actress, comedian, and voice actress. She has played a long - running role as Pearl Krabs on the animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. She also voiced Diane Simmons on Family Guy, the Invisible Woman on The Fantastic Four, and The Boss in the Metal Gear video game series. Alan is active with animal rescue and politics, and she currently lives in Los Angeles.", "title": "Lori Alan" } ]	Who did the original voice of the character Mila Kunis plays on family Guy?	Lacey Chabert	[]	Title: Alex Borstein Passage: Alexandrea Borstein (born February 15, 1971) is an American actress, writer, producer, and comedian. She is best known for voicing the role of Lois Griffin on the animated comedy series Family Guy (1999 -- present), for which she has been nominated for multiple Primetime Emmy Awards. Title: List of Family Guy cast members Passage: Lacey Chabert voiced Meg for the first production season (14 episodes), but, because of a contractual agreement, was never credited. Chabert left the series due to time constraints with her acting role in Party of Five, as well as schoolwork. Norm Macdonald voiced the character of Death in a second season episode of Family Guy. He was subsequently replaced by Adam Carolla in all other appearances. Jon Cryer originally voiced Kevin Swanson in his first appearance, before the role was passed temporarily onto Seth MacFarlane. The character was written out of the series for several years, with Scott Grimes taking over the voice when the character returned. Fairuza Balk was the original voice of high school bully Connie D'Amico until Lisa Wilhoit took over the character in the third season. Title: Look Who's Talking Too Passage: Look Who's Talking Too is a 1990 American romantic comedy film and a sequel to director Amy Heckerling's 1989 comedy Look Who's Talking. The film stars the original cast members John Travolta and Kirstie Alley as James and Mollie Ubriacco, the parents of Mikey (voiced by Bruce Willis), a toddler coping with the newest addition to the family, baby Julie (voiced by Roseanne Barr). In addition to this, he is having trouble using a potty, and the unorthodox advice he gets from his playmate, Eddie (voiced by Damon Wayans), does n't make his problem any better. Title: Family Guy (season 1) Passage: The first season of the animated comedy series Family Guy aired on Fox from January 31 to May 16, 1999, and consisted of seven episodes. The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family -- father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, son Stewie and their anthropomorphic dog Brian, all of whom reside in their hometown of Quahog. The show features the voices of series creator Seth MacFarlane, Alex Borstein, Seth Green, and Lacey Chabert in the roles of the Griffin family. The executive producers for the first season were David Zuckerman and MacFarlane. Title: List of Family Guy cast members Passage: Mila Kunis voices Meg Griffin. Kunis won the role after auditions and a slight rewrite of the character, in part due to her performance on That '70s Show. MacFarlane called Kunis back after her first audition, instructing her to speak slower, and then told her to come back another time and enunciate more. Once she claimed that she had it under control, MacFarlane hired her. Kunis described her character as ``the scapegoat ''. She further explained,`` Meg gets picked on a lot. But it's funny. It's like the middle child. She is constantly in the state of being an awkward 14 - year - old, when you're kind of going through puberty and what - not. She's just in a perpetual mode of humiliation. And it's fun.'' Title: Family Guy (season 7) Passage: Family Guy's seventh season first aired on the Fox network in sixteen episodes from September 28, 2008 to May 17, 2009 before being released as two DVD box sets and syndicated. The animated television series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family (father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and their anthropomorphic dog Brian), who reside in the town of Quahog. The show features the voices of series creator Seth MacFarlane, Alex Borstein, Seth Green, and Mila Kunis in the roles of the Griffin family. The executive producers for the seventh season were MacFarlane, Danny Smith, David Goodman and Chris Sheridan. Goodman and Sheridan served as showrunners for season seven. Title: Lori Alan Passage: Lori Alan is an American actress, comedian, and voice actress. She has played a long - running role as Pearl Krabs on the animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. She also voiced Diane Simmons on Family Guy, the Invisible Woman on The Fantastic Four, and The Boss in the Metal Gear video game series. Alan is active with animal rescue and politics, and she currently lives in Los Angeles. Title: Carlos Alazraqui Passage: Carlos Jaime Alazraqui (born July 20, 1962) is an American stand - up comedian, actor, voice actor, singer, impressionist, producer and screenwriter possibly best known as Deputy James Garcia on Reno 911!. His extensive voice - over work includes the role of Bobbi Fabulous on Phineas and Ferb, the Taco Bell chihuahua in the Taco Bell commercials, Denzel Crocker and Juandissimo Magnifico on The Fairly OddParents, Rocko and Spunky on Rocko's Modern Life, Lazlo and Clam in Camp Lazlo, Grandpapi Rivera in El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera, and as Mr. Weed in Family Guy. He is a weekly contributor on The Stephanie Miller Show. Title: Lori Alan Passage: Lori Alan (born July 18, 1966) is an American actress, comedian, and voice actress. She has played a long - running role as Pearl Krabs on the animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. She also voiced Diane Simmons on Family Guy, the Invisible Woman on The Fantastic Four, and The Boss in the Metal Gear video game series. Alan is active with animal rescue and politics, and she currently lives in Los Angeles. Title: John Viener Passage: John D. Viener (born July 10, 1972) is an American actor, voice actor, writer, and comedian. Viener was born in New York City, New York. He is a writer and producer on the television series "Family Guy", where he also voices many miscellaneous characters. Title: Friends with Benefits (film) Passage: Friends with Benefits is a 2011 American romantic comedy film directed by Will Gluck, and starring Justin Timberlake and Mila Kunis in the lead roles. The film features Patricia Clarkson, Jenna Elfman, Bryan Greenberg, Nolan Gould, Richard Jenkins, and Woody Harrelson in supporting roles. The plot revolves around Dylan Harper (Timberlake) and Jamie Rellis (Kunis), who meet in New York City, and naively believe adding sex to their friendship will not lead to complications. Over time, they begin to develop deep mutual feelings for each other, only to deny it each time they are together. Title: Sterling Holloway Passage: Sterling Price Holloway Jr. (January 4, 1905 -- November 22, 1992) was an American character actor and voice actor who appeared in over 100 films and 40 television shows. He was also a voice actor for The Walt Disney Company, well known for his distinctive tenor voice, and served as the original voice of the title character in Walt Disney's Winnie the Pooh. Title: Meg Griffin Passage: Meg Griffin Family Guy character First appearance 1998 Pilot Pitch of Family Guy (Early version) ``Death Has a Shadow ''(Official version) Created by Seth MacFarlane Voiced by Lacey Chabert (1999 -- 2000, 2011, 2012) Mila Kunis (1999 -- present) Tara Strong (singing voice) Information Occupation High school student Family Peter Griffin (father) Lois Griffin (mother) Chris Griffin (brother) Stewie Griffin (brother) Brian Griffin (dog) Spouse (s) Dr. Michael Milano (ex-fiancé) Nationality American Title: Hannah Banana Passage: ``Hannah Banana ''was written by series regular Cherry Chevapravatdumrong and directed by John Holmquist, before the conclusion of the eighth production season. Commenting on the original development of the episode, series creator and executive producer Seth MacFarlane stated,`` (The episode) was the result of our ongoing desire to let the series stagnate, and kind of evolve things that may have run their course. There's only so many times you can do the Evil Monkey jumping out of that closet, before the joke gets old, and I think often times there's a fear to mess with what works, and change things permanently. (...) We literally retired the Evil Monkey in this episode, and got a great episode out of it, which was worth it, and kind of evolved the series in a way.'' Singer and actress Candace Marie provided the voice of Miley Cyrus. Marie received the role when her producer alerted her of the audition, and she eventually received a call from the Family Guy casting director a month later. Even though the episode mocked Cyrus, Marie did not think she would upset any of Cyrus' fans. She added that she is a fan herself, and ``was very impressed by the way Family Guy developed the episode, ''and thought it was`` a huge compliment for them to refer to Miley as the ``perfect popstar.'' ''After voicing Cyrus, Marie was called back to Family Guy to voice Meg's friend Beth for`` several upcoming episodes.'' Marie described Beth as a girl that is ``rarely addressed in conversation but loves to chime in whenever she can. ''The song in the episode sung by Cyrus was written by Chevapravatdumrong, and composed and performed by Family Guy composer Walter Murphy. Title: Peter Dickson (announcer) Passage: Peter Dickson (born 23 June 1957), is a British voice - over artist. He is best known as the voice of E4, and he is the brand voice of The X Factor, Britain's Got Talent, The Price Is Right, Family Fortunes, All Star Mr & Mrs, Live at the Apollo, Michael McIntyre's Comedy Roadshow and Chris Moyles' Quiz Night. Title: Meg Griffin Passage: Meg debuted on television when Family Guy debuted on Fox on January 31, 1999, with the episode ``Death Has a Shadow ''. Originally voiced by Lacey Chabert during the first season, she has been voiced by Mila Kunis since season 2, although Chabert returned to voice Meg in`` Yug Ylimaf'' and ``Back to the Pilot ''. Title: Alex Borstein Passage: Alexandrea Borstein (born February 15, 1971) is an American actress, writer, producer, and comedian. She is known for voicing the role of Lois Griffin on the animated comedy series Family Guy (1999 -- present), for which she has been nominated for multiple Primetime Emmy Awards. Title: Meg Griffin Passage: Meg made her first appearance on television when Family Guy debuted on Fox on January 31, 1999, with the episode ``Death Has a Shadow ''. Originally voiced by Lacey Chabert during the first season, she has been voiced by Mila Kunis since season 2, although Chabert returned to voice Meg in Yug Ylimaf and Back to the Pilot. Title: Cleveland Brown Passage: In the earlier seasons of Family Guy, Cleveland frequently appeared alongside his wife Loretta Brown (voiced by Alex Borstein), until their divorce was portrayed in the Family Guy season 4 episode ``The Cleveland -- Loretta Quagmire ''. The pilot episode of The Cleveland Show depicts Cleveland's farewell to the familiar characters and settings of Family Guy. The Cleveland Show establishes its setting of Stoolbend, Virginia as Cleveland's childhood home town, and introduces a new family and set of characters supporting Cleveland as lead. Following The Cleveland Show's cancellation in 2013, Cleveland returned to Family Guy. Title: List of The Cleveland Show characters Passage: Cleveland Brown (voiced by Mike Henry) is the protagonist of the series. He is a heavy - set African - American male who is very polite to everyone and has a unique laugh. He was formerly one of Peter Griffin's best friends in Family Guy and also owned and ran a deli. In ``Pilot ''he moves to the town of Stoolbend, Virginia to show his son where he grew up (even though Cleveland was in love with Donna but they were only friends and she did not know it). Eventually re-sparking his relationship with her, they get married and he and his son move in with her and her two children. Cleveland is usually depicted as exceedingly gentle and patient, and it is only on rare occasions that he has been known to lose his temper and resort to violence. However, Cleveland gets visibly annoyed with racist behavior, which sometimes is justified. He often acts as the voice of caution when other characters hatch harebrained schemes. Cleveland's speech is slow and almost elongated in Family Guy, but in The Cleveland Show his voice has a wide variety. Various flashbacks give conflicting histories of his speech patterns. He is shown as a more sexual, stupid, and violent character in his new form than he was originally.	[ "List of Family Guy cast members", "Meg Griffin" ]
2hop__24661_66233	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Danny Biega (born September 29, 1991) is a Canadian ice hockey defenceman who is currently an unrestricted free agent. He most recently played for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected by the Hurricanes in the third round (67th overall) of the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. His brother is Alex Biega of the Vancouver Canucks.", "title": "Danny Biega" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1955, it was decided to start retiring the names of significant tropical cyclones for 10 years after which they might be reintroduced, with the names Carol and Edna reintroduced ahead of the 1965 and 1968 hurricane seasons respectively. At the 1969 Interdepartmental hurricane conference the naming lists were revised after it was decided that the names Carol, Edna and Hazel, would be permanently retired because of their importance to the research community. It was also decided that any significant hurricane in the future would also be permanently retired. Ahead of the 1971 Atlantic hurricane season, 10 lists of hurricane names were inaugurated, by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. In 1977 it was decided that the World Meteorological Organization's Hurricane Committee (WMO) would control the names used, who subsequently decided that six lists of names would be used in the Atlantic Ocean from 1979 onwards with male names included. Since 1979 the same six lists have been used by the United States National Hurricane Center (NHC) to name systems, with names of significant tropical cyclones retired from the lists permanently and replaced with new names as required at the following year's hurricane committee meeting.", "title": "List of retired Atlantic hurricane names" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sandy McCarthy (born June 15, 1972) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger who played 11 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Calgary Flames, Tampa Bay Lightning, Philadelphia Flyers, Carolina Hurricanes, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins.", "title": "Sandy McCarthy" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Burt played four seasons for the Ontario Hockey League's North Bay Centennials before joining the Whalers organization. He made his NHL debut for Hartford in the 1988–89 season, and he remained with the franchise through its transformation into the Carolina Hurricanes in 1997. Burt parted ways with the Hurricanes on March 6, 1999, when he was traded to the Philadelphia Flyers in exchange for Andrei Kovalenko. Burt played his final NHL season with the Atlanta Thrashers in 2000–01.", "title": "Adam Burt" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1978, Morielli signed with the Houston Hurricane of the North American Soccer League. He would play three seasons with the Hurricane. In the fall of 1978, he began his indoor career with the Houston Summit of the Major Indoor Soccer League. The Summit drew most of its roster from the Hurricane. After two seasons with the Summit, Morielli moved to the Baltimore Blast for one season before finishing his career with the Hartford Hellions.", "title": "Gerry Morielli" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nathan David Gerbe (born July 24, 1987) is an American professional ice hockey player currently playing for the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL). He previously played with Genève - Servette HC of the National League (NL) and for the Carolina Hurricanes and the Buffalo Sabres in the National Hockey League (NHL). At only 5 feet and 4 inches, he is the shortest player in the NHL.", "title": "Nathan Gerbe" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In Raleigh many tourists visit the Capital, African American Cultural Complex, Contemporary Art Museum of Raleigh, Gregg Museum of Art & Design at NCSU, Haywood Hall House & Gardens, Marbles Kids Museum, North Carolina Museum of Art, North Carolina Museum of History, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame, Raleigh City Museum, J. C. Raulston Arboretum, Joel Lane House, Mordecai House, Montfort Hall, and the Pope House Museum. The Carolina Hurricanes NHL hockey team is also located in the city.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brett Pesce (born November 15, 1994) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman currently playing for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted 66th overall by the Hurricanes in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft.", "title": "Brett Pesce" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nolan Pratt was selected in the 5th round, 115th overall, in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft by the Hartford Whalers from the Portland Winter Hawks of the Western Hockey League. Pratt made his NHL debut in the 1996–97 season with the Hartford Whalers, in the last year of the franchise. Pratt would then move with the team to the Carolina Hurricanes.", "title": "Nolan Pratt" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marty Murray (born February 16, 1975) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre who played eight seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Calgary Flames, Philadelphia Flyers, Carolina Hurricanes and Los Angeles Kings. He is currently the head coach of the Minot Minotauros.", "title": "Marty Murray" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Katrina Category 3 major hurricane (SSHWS / NWS) Hurricane Katrina near peak intensity Formed August 28, 2005 Dissipated August 29, 2005 Highest winds 1 - minute sustained: 125 mph (205 km / h) Lowest pressure 920 mbar (hPa); 27.17 inHg Fatalities Up to 1,464 total Damage $70 billion (2005 USD) Areas affected Greater New Orleans Part of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season", "title": "Effects of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Arena Football League season is the 30th season in the history of the Arena Football League (AFL). Prior to the start of the season, the league contracted to five teams. The 14 - game regular season began on April 7, 2017, when the two new teams, the Baltimore Brigade and the Washington Valor, faced off in the Verizon Center, and ended on August 5, 2017, when the Tampa Bay Storm lost against the Philadelphia Soul.", "title": "2017 Arena Football League season" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lowell Wallace \"Chuck\" Ramsey (born February 24, 1952 in Rock Hill, South Carolina), is a former American football player, who was a punter with the New York Jets for eight seasons. Previously he played with the Chicago Fire of the World Football League.", "title": "Chuck Ramsey" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 2018 -- 19 NHL season will be the 102nd season of operation (101st season of play) of the National Hockey League. 31 teams will be competing in an 82 - game regular season. The regular season is scheduled to begin on October 3, 2018, and will end on April 6, 2019. The 2019 Stanley Cup playoffs will then begin a few days afterwards, with the Stanley Cup Finals held in early June.", "title": "2018–19 NHL season" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brock McGinn (born February 2, 1994) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward currently playing for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted 47th overall by the Hurricanes in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft.", "title": "Brock McGinn" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bryan Bickell (born March 9, 1986) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks in 2013 and 2015, and played in four early playoff games during the team's run to the 2010 Stanley Cup championship. Bickell spent nearly 10 years with the Blackhawks organization before being traded to the Hurricanes before the season. He was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis later that year and retired from playing hockey at the end of the season.", "title": "Bryan Bickell" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Charley was the first of four individual hurricanes to produce winds of at least 75 mph in Florida in a single season -- Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne. It was the third named storm, the second hurricane, and the second major hurricane of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. Charley lasted from August 9 to August 15, and at its peak intensity it attained 150 mph (240 km / h) winds, making it a strong Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir - Simpson Hurricane Scale. It made landfall in southwestern Florida at maximum strength, making it the strongest hurricane to hit the United States since Hurricane Andrew struck Florida in 1992.", "title": "Hurricane Charley" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of the Jacksonville Jaguars, an American football team in the National Football League (NFL), formally dates to November 30, 1993, when the NFL awarded Jacksonville, Florida the expansion franchise that became the Jacksonville Jaguars. The Jaguars, along with the Carolina Panthers, started play in the 1995 NFL season as expansion teams.", "title": "History of the Jacksonville Jaguars" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On May 29, 2009, Alexander Salák was signed by the Florida Panthers of the NHL. He was assigned to their AHL farm team, the Rochester Americans after training camp. He was recalled by the Panthers and made his NHL debut on October 9, 2009 in a relief role in a game against the Carolina Hurricanes. On August 13, 2010, Alexander Salák was loaned to Färjestad BK of the Swedish Elite League for the 2010-11 season.", "title": "Alexander Salák" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2016 Atlantic hurricane season was the first above - average and costliest hurricane season since 2012. The season officially started on June 1 and ended on November 30, though the first storm, Hurricane Alex which formed in the Northeastern Atlantic, developed on January 12, being the first hurricane to develop in January since 1938. The final storm, Otto, crossed into the Eastern Pacific on November 25, a few days before the official end. Following Alex, Tropical Storm Bonnie brought flooding to South Carolina and portions of North Carolina. Tropical Storm Colin in early June brought minor flooding and wind damage to parts of the Southeastern United States, especially Florida. Hurricane Earl left 94 fatalities in the Dominican Republic and Mexico, 81 of which occurred in the latter. In early September, Hurricane Hermine, the first hurricane to make landfall in Florida since Hurricane Wilma in 2005, brought extensive coastal flooding damage especially to the Forgotten and Nature coasts of Florida. Hermine was responsible for five fatalities and about $550 million (2016 USD) in damage.", "title": "2016 Atlantic hurricane season" } ]	When does the new season of the Carolina Hurricanes' league start?	October 3, 2018	[]	Title: Marty Murray Passage: Marty Murray (born February 16, 1975) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre who played eight seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Calgary Flames, Philadelphia Flyers, Carolina Hurricanes and Los Angeles Kings. He is currently the head coach of the Minot Minotauros. Title: Nolan Pratt Passage: Nolan Pratt was selected in the 5th round, 115th overall, in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft by the Hartford Whalers from the Portland Winter Hawks of the Western Hockey League. Pratt made his NHL debut in the 1996–97 season with the Hartford Whalers, in the last year of the franchise. Pratt would then move with the team to the Carolina Hurricanes. Title: Nathan Gerbe Passage: Nathan David Gerbe (born July 24, 1987) is an American professional ice hockey player currently playing for the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL). He previously played with Genève - Servette HC of the National League (NL) and for the Carolina Hurricanes and the Buffalo Sabres in the National Hockey League (NHL). At only 5 feet and 4 inches, he is the shortest player in the NHL. Title: Hurricane Charley Passage: Hurricane Charley was the first of four individual hurricanes to produce winds of at least 75 mph in Florida in a single season -- Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne. It was the third named storm, the second hurricane, and the second major hurricane of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. Charley lasted from August 9 to August 15, and at its peak intensity it attained 150 mph (240 km / h) winds, making it a strong Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir - Simpson Hurricane Scale. It made landfall in southwestern Florida at maximum strength, making it the strongest hurricane to hit the United States since Hurricane Andrew struck Florida in 1992. Title: Danny Biega Passage: Danny Biega (born September 29, 1991) is a Canadian ice hockey defenceman who is currently an unrestricted free agent. He most recently played for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected by the Hurricanes in the third round (67th overall) of the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. His brother is Alex Biega of the Vancouver Canucks. Title: List of retired Atlantic hurricane names Passage: In 1955, it was decided to start retiring the names of significant tropical cyclones for 10 years after which they might be reintroduced, with the names Carol and Edna reintroduced ahead of the 1965 and 1968 hurricane seasons respectively. At the 1969 Interdepartmental hurricane conference the naming lists were revised after it was decided that the names Carol, Edna and Hazel, would be permanently retired because of their importance to the research community. It was also decided that any significant hurricane in the future would also be permanently retired. Ahead of the 1971 Atlantic hurricane season, 10 lists of hurricane names were inaugurated, by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. In 1977 it was decided that the World Meteorological Organization's Hurricane Committee (WMO) would control the names used, who subsequently decided that six lists of names would be used in the Atlantic Ocean from 1979 onwards with male names included. Since 1979 the same six lists have been used by the United States National Hurricane Center (NHC) to name systems, with names of significant tropical cyclones retired from the lists permanently and replaced with new names as required at the following year's hurricane committee meeting. Title: 2016 Atlantic hurricane season Passage: The 2016 Atlantic hurricane season was the first above - average and costliest hurricane season since 2012. The season officially started on June 1 and ended on November 30, though the first storm, Hurricane Alex which formed in the Northeastern Atlantic, developed on January 12, being the first hurricane to develop in January since 1938. The final storm, Otto, crossed into the Eastern Pacific on November 25, a few days before the official end. Following Alex, Tropical Storm Bonnie brought flooding to South Carolina and portions of North Carolina. Tropical Storm Colin in early June brought minor flooding and wind damage to parts of the Southeastern United States, especially Florida. Hurricane Earl left 94 fatalities in the Dominican Republic and Mexico, 81 of which occurred in the latter. In early September, Hurricane Hermine, the first hurricane to make landfall in Florida since Hurricane Wilma in 2005, brought extensive coastal flooding damage especially to the Forgotten and Nature coasts of Florida. Hermine was responsible for five fatalities and about $550 million (2016 USD) in damage. Title: Bryan Bickell Passage: Bryan Bickell (born March 9, 1986) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks in 2013 and 2015, and played in four early playoff games during the team's run to the 2010 Stanley Cup championship. Bickell spent nearly 10 years with the Blackhawks organization before being traded to the Hurricanes before the season. He was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis later that year and retired from playing hockey at the end of the season. Title: Brett Pesce Passage: Brett Pesce (born November 15, 1994) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman currently playing for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted 66th overall by the Hurricanes in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. Title: Effects of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans Passage: Hurricane Katrina Category 3 major hurricane (SSHWS / NWS) Hurricane Katrina near peak intensity Formed August 28, 2005 Dissipated August 29, 2005 Highest winds 1 - minute sustained: 125 mph (205 km / h) Lowest pressure 920 mbar (hPa); 27.17 inHg Fatalities Up to 1,464 total Damage $70 billion (2005 USD) Areas affected Greater New Orleans Part of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season Title: 2018–19 NHL season Passage: The 2018 -- 19 NHL season will be the 102nd season of operation (101st season of play) of the National Hockey League. 31 teams will be competing in an 82 - game regular season. The regular season is scheduled to begin on October 3, 2018, and will end on April 6, 2019. The 2019 Stanley Cup playoffs will then begin a few days afterwards, with the Stanley Cup Finals held in early June. Title: North Carolina Passage: In Raleigh many tourists visit the Capital, African American Cultural Complex, Contemporary Art Museum of Raleigh, Gregg Museum of Art & Design at NCSU, Haywood Hall House & Gardens, Marbles Kids Museum, North Carolina Museum of Art, North Carolina Museum of History, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame, Raleigh City Museum, J. C. Raulston Arboretum, Joel Lane House, Mordecai House, Montfort Hall, and the Pope House Museum. The Carolina Hurricanes NHL hockey team is also located in the city. Title: Brock McGinn Passage: Brock McGinn (born February 2, 1994) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward currently playing for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted 47th overall by the Hurricanes in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft. Title: Sandy McCarthy Passage: Sandy McCarthy (born June 15, 1972) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger who played 11 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Calgary Flames, Tampa Bay Lightning, Philadelphia Flyers, Carolina Hurricanes, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins. Title: History of the Jacksonville Jaguars Passage: The history of the Jacksonville Jaguars, an American football team in the National Football League (NFL), formally dates to November 30, 1993, when the NFL awarded Jacksonville, Florida the expansion franchise that became the Jacksonville Jaguars. The Jaguars, along with the Carolina Panthers, started play in the 1995 NFL season as expansion teams. Title: 2017 Arena Football League season Passage: The 2017 Arena Football League season is the 30th season in the history of the Arena Football League (AFL). Prior to the start of the season, the league contracted to five teams. The 14 - game regular season began on April 7, 2017, when the two new teams, the Baltimore Brigade and the Washington Valor, faced off in the Verizon Center, and ended on August 5, 2017, when the Tampa Bay Storm lost against the Philadelphia Soul. Title: Alexander Salák Passage: On May 29, 2009, Alexander Salák was signed by the Florida Panthers of the NHL. He was assigned to their AHL farm team, the Rochester Americans after training camp. He was recalled by the Panthers and made his NHL debut on October 9, 2009 in a relief role in a game against the Carolina Hurricanes. On August 13, 2010, Alexander Salák was loaned to Färjestad BK of the Swedish Elite League for the 2010-11 season. Title: Chuck Ramsey Passage: Lowell Wallace "Chuck" Ramsey (born February 24, 1952 in Rock Hill, South Carolina), is a former American football player, who was a punter with the New York Jets for eight seasons. Previously he played with the Chicago Fire of the World Football League. Title: Adam Burt Passage: Burt played four seasons for the Ontario Hockey League's North Bay Centennials before joining the Whalers organization. He made his NHL debut for Hartford in the 1988–89 season, and he remained with the franchise through its transformation into the Carolina Hurricanes in 1997. Burt parted ways with the Hurricanes on March 6, 1999, when he was traded to the Philadelphia Flyers in exchange for Andrei Kovalenko. Burt played his final NHL season with the Atlanta Thrashers in 2000–01. Title: Gerry Morielli Passage: In 1978, Morielli signed with the Houston Hurricane of the North American Soccer League. He would play three seasons with the Hurricane. In the fall of 1978, he began his indoor career with the Houston Summit of the Major Indoor Soccer League. The Summit drew most of its roster from the Hurricane. After two seasons with the Summit, Morielli moved to the Baltimore Blast for one season before finishing his career with the Hartford Hellions.	[ "North Carolina", "2018–19 NHL season" ]
2hop__39063_212301	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michel Foucault claims that the contemporary concept of police as a paid and funded functionary of the state was developed by German and French legal scholars and practitioners in Public administration and Statistics in the 17th and early 18th centuries, most notably with Nicolas Delamare's Traité de la Police (\"Treatise on the Police\"), first published in 1705. The German Polizeiwissenschaft (Science of Police) first theorized by Philipp von Hörnigk a 17th-century Austrian Political economist and civil servant and much more famously by Johann Heinrich Gottlob Justi who produced an important theoretical work known as Cameral science on the formulation of police. Foucault cites Magdalene Humpert author of Bibliographie der Kameralwissenschaften (1937) in which the author makes note of a substantial bibliography was produced of over 4000 pieces of the practice of Polizeiwissenschaft however, this maybe a mistranslation of Foucault's own work the actual source of Magdalene Humpert states over 14,000 items were produced from the 16th century dates ranging from 1520-1850.", "title": "Police" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eli Langer (born 1967 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian visual artist. Langer rose to prominence in 1993, while 26 years old, in the Toronto art world with a solo exhibition at the Mercer Union Gallery in Toronto. The exhibition consisted of 8 paintings and 50 drawings addressing various issues of childhood sexuality. Toronto police raided the exhibition under Canada's new child pornography legislation and seized 5 paintings and 35 drawings. This event and ensuing media coverage created a national debate over the reach of law and freedom of expression.", "title": "Eli Langer" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Saint in New York is an American 1938 crime film, directed by Ben Holmes and adapted from Leslie Charteris's novel of the same name by Charles Kaufman and Mortimer Offner. After a police lieutenant is killed, the New York Police Department enlists gentleman criminal Simon Templar to fight criminal elements in the city.", "title": "The Saint in New York (film)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the initial investment of £4,200, the new trial force of the Thames River Police began with about 50 men charged with policing 33,000 workers in the river trades, of whom Colquhoun claimed 11,000 were known criminals and \"on the game.\" The force was a success after its first year, and his men had \"established their worth by saving £122,000 worth of cargo and by the rescuing of several lives.\" Word of this success spread quickly, and the government passed the Marine Police Bill on 28 July 1800, transforming it from a private to public police agency; now the oldest police force in the world. Colquhoun published a book on the experiment, The Commerce and Policing of the River Thames. It found receptive audiences far outside London, and inspired similar forces in other cities, notably, New York City, Dublin, and Sydney.", "title": "Police" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Colquhoun's utilitarian approach to the problem – using a cost-benefit argument to obtain support from businesses standing to benefit – allowed him to achieve what Henry and John Fielding failed for their Bow Street detectives. Unlike the stipendiary system at Bow Street, the river police were full-time, salaried officers prohibited from taking private fees. His other contribution was the concept of preventive policing; his police were to act as a highly visible deterrent to crime by their permanent presence on the Thames. Colquhoun's innovations were a critical development leading up to Robert Peel's \"new\" police three decades later.", "title": "Police" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Very Short Life () is a 2009 Hong Kong drama film written, produced and directed by Dennis Law. It is Law's fifth feature film as a writer and director. Centered on child abuse and child molestation, the film stars Maggie Shiu as a Hong Kong police commissioner who investigates the murder of an 11-year-old girl at the hands of her abusive mother (Leila Tong). The film was awarded a Category III rating in Hong Kong for its subject matter and was released in Hong Kong on 19 March 2008.", "title": "A Very Short Life" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fyansford is a township on the western edge of Geelong, Victoria, Australia, named after Captain Foster Fyans who came to Geelong as a Police magistrate in October, 1837. It is located at the junction of the Barwon and Moorabool rivers.", "title": "Fyansford, Victoria" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The word \"police\" was borrowed from French into the English language in the 18th century, but for a long time it applied only to French and continental European police forces. The word, and the concept of police itself, were \"disliked as a symbol of foreign oppression\" (according to Britannica 1911). Before the 19th century, the first use of the word \"police\" recorded in government documents in the United Kingdom was the appointment of Commissioners of Police for Scotland in 1714 and the creation of the Marine Police in 1798.", "title": "Police" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shark in the Park was a New Zealand television drama series. A police procedural, it revolved around the professional and private lives of a group of officers at a Wellington police station under the command of Inspector Brian \"Sharky\" Finn. The title came from the informal code term used by officers to indicate that the Inspector was about and they should \"look busy\".", "title": "Shark in the Park" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theron S. Copeland (July 30, 1831 – July 8, 1905) was an American law enforcement officer and police captain with the New York City Police Department. He studied military tactics at a military academy and in the National Guard before joining the police force in 1855. Much of his career was spent as a drillmaster and, during the New York Draft Riots in 1863, he was part of the force under Inspector Daniel C. Carpenter who confronted a mob intending to loot the New York financial district and the United States sub-treasury. Copeland was later named in a general address to the police force for displaying \"\"valor and intelligent service\"\" during the riots.", "title": "Theron S. Copeland" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), officially the City of Los Angeles Police Department, is the Los Angeles police department. With 9,843 officers and 2,773 civilian staff, it is the third - largest municipal police department in the United States, after the New York City Police Department and the Chicago Police Department. The department serves an area of 498 square miles (1,290 km) and a population of 4,030,904 people.", "title": "Los Angeles Police Department" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Francis J. Banfield (December 1827 – March 4, 1883) was an American soldier, law enforcement officer, police sergeant and founding member of the New York City Police Department \"Steamboat Squad\". Born in England, he emigrated to the United States as a child. He worked as a painter in his youth and later served in the Mexican-American War. He lived in California for a time before returning the New York to join the police force in June 1857.", "title": "Francis J. Banfield" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The show was set and taped in New York City, and with an ensemble cast of characters, the storylines centered on the lives of police officers of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) and the firefighters and paramedics of the New York City Fire Department (FDNY), all working the same fictional precinct during the 3 pm to 11 pm shift – the 'third watch'.", "title": "Third Watch" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edwin Chadwick's 1829 article, \"Preventive police\" in the London Review, argued that prevention ought to be the primary concern of a police body, which was not the case in practice. The reason, argued Chadwick, was that \"A preventive police would act more immediately by placing difficulties in obtaining the objects of temptation.\" In contrast to a deterrent of punishment, a preventive police force would deter criminality by making crime cost-ineffective - \"crime doesn't pay\". In the second draft of his 1829 Police Act, the \"object\" of the new Metropolitan Police, was changed by Robert Peel to the \"principal object,\" which was the \"prevention of crime.\" Later historians would attribute the perception of England's \"appearance of orderliness and love of public order\" to the preventive principle entrenched in Peel's police system.", "title": "Police" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Peel was the second son of Arthur Peel, 1st Viscount Peel, Speaker of the House of Commons and the youngest son of Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel, Bt. His mother was Adelaide, daughter of William Stratford Dugdale. Peel sat as Member of Parliament for Uxbridge bretween 1918 and 1922. He was also a Colonel in the British Army. In 1936 he was created a Baronet, of Eyeworth in the County of Bedford.", "title": "Sidney Peel" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theodore Matthew Michael Kuhn, Jr. (born September 21, 1932), known as Mickey Kuhn, is an American former child actor of the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. He came to prominence in 1939 playing Beau Wilkes in Gone with the Wind.", "title": "Mickey Kuhn" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William ``Will ''Estes (born October 21, 1978) is an American actor known for his role on CBS police drama Blue Bloods as Jamison`` Jamie'' Reagan, a New York Police Department officer and the younger son of the police commissioner, played by Tom Selleck. Previously, he starred as J.J. Pryor, on the NBC drama American Dreams.", "title": "Will Estes" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eva Ionesco (born 18 July 1965) is a French actress, film director and screenwriter. She is the daughter of Romanian-French photographer Irina Ionesco and came to international prominence as a child after being featured in her mother's works.", "title": "Eva Ionesco" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It came into prominence after 1982 when actress Jane Fonda began to produce a series of aerobics workout videos. In these videos, Fonda would use ``No pain, no gain ''and`` Feel the burn'' as catchphrases for the concept of working out past the point of experiencing muscle aches.", "title": "No pain, no gain" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Annunziata is the Italian word for (feminine) Annunciation. It is generally understood to refer to the Virgin Mary, receiving the word of the Angel Gabriel that she is to bear the Christ child; that is, the Virgin Mary after the Annunciation. It is a common theme for iconic reverence in Roman Catholicism (see Immaculate Conception).", "title": "Annunziata" } ]	Who is the father of the man who conceived of the 'new' police?	Arthur Peel	[ "1st Viscount Peel", "Arthur Peel, 1st Viscount Peel" ]	Title: Annunziata Passage: Annunziata is the Italian word for (feminine) Annunciation. It is generally understood to refer to the Virgin Mary, receiving the word of the Angel Gabriel that she is to bear the Christ child; that is, the Virgin Mary after the Annunciation. It is a common theme for iconic reverence in Roman Catholicism (see Immaculate Conception). Title: Sidney Peel Passage: Peel was the second son of Arthur Peel, 1st Viscount Peel, Speaker of the House of Commons and the youngest son of Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel, Bt. His mother was Adelaide, daughter of William Stratford Dugdale. Peel sat as Member of Parliament for Uxbridge bretween 1918 and 1922. He was also a Colonel in the British Army. In 1936 he was created a Baronet, of Eyeworth in the County of Bedford. Title: Police Passage: The word "police" was borrowed from French into the English language in the 18th century, but for a long time it applied only to French and continental European police forces. The word, and the concept of police itself, were "disliked as a symbol of foreign oppression" (according to Britannica 1911). Before the 19th century, the first use of the word "police" recorded in government documents in the United Kingdom was the appointment of Commissioners of Police for Scotland in 1714 and the creation of the Marine Police in 1798. Title: Mickey Kuhn Passage: Theodore Matthew Michael Kuhn, Jr. (born September 21, 1932), known as Mickey Kuhn, is an American former child actor of the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. He came to prominence in 1939 playing Beau Wilkes in Gone with the Wind. Title: Shark in the Park Passage: Shark in the Park was a New Zealand television drama series. A police procedural, it revolved around the professional and private lives of a group of officers at a Wellington police station under the command of Inspector Brian "Sharky" Finn. The title came from the informal code term used by officers to indicate that the Inspector was about and they should "look busy". Title: Police Passage: Edwin Chadwick's 1829 article, "Preventive police" in the London Review, argued that prevention ought to be the primary concern of a police body, which was not the case in practice. The reason, argued Chadwick, was that "A preventive police would act more immediately by placing difficulties in obtaining the objects of temptation." In contrast to a deterrent of punishment, a preventive police force would deter criminality by making crime cost-ineffective - "crime doesn't pay". In the second draft of his 1829 Police Act, the "object" of the new Metropolitan Police, was changed by Robert Peel to the "principal object," which was the "prevention of crime." Later historians would attribute the perception of England's "appearance of orderliness and love of public order" to the preventive principle entrenched in Peel's police system. Title: A Very Short Life Passage: A Very Short Life () is a 2009 Hong Kong drama film written, produced and directed by Dennis Law. It is Law's fifth feature film as a writer and director. Centered on child abuse and child molestation, the film stars Maggie Shiu as a Hong Kong police commissioner who investigates the murder of an 11-year-old girl at the hands of her abusive mother (Leila Tong). The film was awarded a Category III rating in Hong Kong for its subject matter and was released in Hong Kong on 19 March 2008. Title: Police Passage: Michel Foucault claims that the contemporary concept of police as a paid and funded functionary of the state was developed by German and French legal scholars and practitioners in Public administration and Statistics in the 17th and early 18th centuries, most notably with Nicolas Delamare's Traité de la Police ("Treatise on the Police"), first published in 1705. The German Polizeiwissenschaft (Science of Police) first theorized by Philipp von Hörnigk a 17th-century Austrian Political economist and civil servant and much more famously by Johann Heinrich Gottlob Justi who produced an important theoretical work known as Cameral science on the formulation of police. Foucault cites Magdalene Humpert author of Bibliographie der Kameralwissenschaften (1937) in which the author makes note of a substantial bibliography was produced of over 4000 pieces of the practice of Polizeiwissenschaft however, this maybe a mistranslation of Foucault's own work the actual source of Magdalene Humpert states over 14,000 items were produced from the 16th century dates ranging from 1520-1850. Title: Police Passage: Colquhoun's utilitarian approach to the problem – using a cost-benefit argument to obtain support from businesses standing to benefit – allowed him to achieve what Henry and John Fielding failed for their Bow Street detectives. Unlike the stipendiary system at Bow Street, the river police were full-time, salaried officers prohibited from taking private fees. His other contribution was the concept of preventive policing; his police were to act as a highly visible deterrent to crime by their permanent presence on the Thames. Colquhoun's innovations were a critical development leading up to Robert Peel's "new" police three decades later. Title: Eli Langer Passage: Eli Langer (born 1967 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian visual artist. Langer rose to prominence in 1993, while 26 years old, in the Toronto art world with a solo exhibition at the Mercer Union Gallery in Toronto. The exhibition consisted of 8 paintings and 50 drawings addressing various issues of childhood sexuality. Toronto police raided the exhibition under Canada's new child pornography legislation and seized 5 paintings and 35 drawings. This event and ensuing media coverage created a national debate over the reach of law and freedom of expression. Title: No pain, no gain Passage: It came into prominence after 1982 when actress Jane Fonda began to produce a series of aerobics workout videos. In these videos, Fonda would use ``No pain, no gain ''and`` Feel the burn'' as catchphrases for the concept of working out past the point of experiencing muscle aches. Title: Francis J. Banfield Passage: Francis J. Banfield (December 1827 – March 4, 1883) was an American soldier, law enforcement officer, police sergeant and founding member of the New York City Police Department "Steamboat Squad". Born in England, he emigrated to the United States as a child. He worked as a painter in his youth and later served in the Mexican-American War. He lived in California for a time before returning the New York to join the police force in June 1857. Title: The Saint in New York (film) Passage: The Saint in New York is an American 1938 crime film, directed by Ben Holmes and adapted from Leslie Charteris's novel of the same name by Charles Kaufman and Mortimer Offner. After a police lieutenant is killed, the New York Police Department enlists gentleman criminal Simon Templar to fight criminal elements in the city. Title: Police Passage: With the initial investment of £4,200, the new trial force of the Thames River Police began with about 50 men charged with policing 33,000 workers in the river trades, of whom Colquhoun claimed 11,000 were known criminals and "on the game." The force was a success after its first year, and his men had "established their worth by saving £122,000 worth of cargo and by the rescuing of several lives." Word of this success spread quickly, and the government passed the Marine Police Bill on 28 July 1800, transforming it from a private to public police agency; now the oldest police force in the world. Colquhoun published a book on the experiment, The Commerce and Policing of the River Thames. It found receptive audiences far outside London, and inspired similar forces in other cities, notably, New York City, Dublin, and Sydney. Title: Will Estes Passage: William ``Will ''Estes (born October 21, 1978) is an American actor known for his role on CBS police drama Blue Bloods as Jamison`` Jamie'' Reagan, a New York Police Department officer and the younger son of the police commissioner, played by Tom Selleck. Previously, he starred as J.J. Pryor, on the NBC drama American Dreams. Title: Fyansford, Victoria Passage: Fyansford is a township on the western edge of Geelong, Victoria, Australia, named after Captain Foster Fyans who came to Geelong as a Police magistrate in October, 1837. It is located at the junction of the Barwon and Moorabool rivers. Title: Theron S. Copeland Passage: Theron S. Copeland (July 30, 1831 – July 8, 1905) was an American law enforcement officer and police captain with the New York City Police Department. He studied military tactics at a military academy and in the National Guard before joining the police force in 1855. Much of his career was spent as a drillmaster and, during the New York Draft Riots in 1863, he was part of the force under Inspector Daniel C. Carpenter who confronted a mob intending to loot the New York financial district and the United States sub-treasury. Copeland was later named in a general address to the police force for displaying ""valor and intelligent service"" during the riots. Title: Los Angeles Police Department Passage: The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), officially the City of Los Angeles Police Department, is the Los Angeles police department. With 9,843 officers and 2,773 civilian staff, it is the third - largest municipal police department in the United States, after the New York City Police Department and the Chicago Police Department. The department serves an area of 498 square miles (1,290 km) and a population of 4,030,904 people. Title: Third Watch Passage: The show was set and taped in New York City, and with an ensemble cast of characters, the storylines centered on the lives of police officers of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) and the firefighters and paramedics of the New York City Fire Department (FDNY), all working the same fictional precinct during the 3 pm to 11 pm shift – the 'third watch'. Title: Eva Ionesco Passage: Eva Ionesco (born 18 July 1965) is a French actress, film director and screenwriter. She is the daughter of Romanian-French photographer Irina Ionesco and came to international prominence as a child after being featured in her mother's works.	[ "Police", "Sidney Peel" ]
2hop__73719_510545	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Additionally, Josh Brolin appears, uncredited, as Thanos through voice acting and performance capture. Sean Gunn stood in for Thanos during filming and portrays Kraglin, Yondu's first mate in the Ravagers. Alexis Denisof reprises his role as Thanos's vizier, ``The Other '', from The Avengers. Ophelia Lovibond plays Carina, the Collector's slave; Peter Serafinowicz plays Denarian Garthan Saal, a Nova Corps officer; Gregg Henry plays Quill's grandfather; Laura Haddock plays Quill's mother, Meredith; Melia Kreiling plays Bereet; Christopher Fairbank plays The Broker; Mikaela Hoover plays Nova Prime's assistant; Marama Corlett plays a pit boss at the bar, The Boot; Emmett J. Scanlan plays a Nova riot guard; Alexis Rodney plays Moloka Dar; Tom Proctor plays Horuz, a Ravager; and Spencer Wilding plays a prison guard who confiscates Quill's Walkman. Canine actor Fred appears as Cosmo. Stephen Blackehart had a supporting role. Naomi Ryan also had a supporting role in the film, though it was cut in the final version. Cameos in the film include: James Gunn as a Sakaaran; Stan Lee as a Xandarian Ladies' Man; Lloyd Kaufman as an inmate; Nathan Fillion as the voice of an inmate; Rob Zombie as the voice of the Ravager Navigator; composer Tyler Bates as a Ravager pilot; and Seth Green as the voice of Howard the Duck.", "title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George Bray (11 November 1918 – 13 February 2002) was an English professional footballer who played as a wing half. He played his entire senior career with Burnley, making more than 250 appearances for the club in all competitions and forming part of the renowned defence known as the \"Iron Curtain\". After retiring from playing he remained at Burnley, firstly on the coaching staff and later as kit man before departing in 1992. In total, his association with the club as a player, coach, kit man and supporter spanned seven decades.", "title": "George Bray" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Iron Man ''Single by Black Sabbath from the album Paranoid B - side`` Electric Funeral'' Released October 1971 Format 45 RPM Recorded 1970 Genre Heavy metal Length 3: 33 (Single version) 5: 56 (Album version) Label Warner Bros. (US / Canada) Songwriter (s) Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward Producer (s) Rodger Bain Black Sabbath singles chronology ``Children of the Grave ''(1971)`` Iron Man'' (1971) ``Tomorrow's Dream ''(1972)`` Children of the Grave'' (1971) ``Iron Man ''(1971)`` Tomorrow's Dream'' (1972) Paranoid track listing ``Planet Caravan ''(3)`` Iron Man'' (4) ``Electric Funeral ''(5)", "title": "Iron Man (song)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mark Richard Hamill (born September 25, 1951) is an American stage, screen and voice actor. He is known for playing Luke Skywalker in the Star Wars film series and for his voice - over work in animations and video games as the Joker, beginning with Batman: The Animated Series in 1992. Hamill has acted in several theater productions, notably The Elephant Man, and is the cowriter of The Black Pearl comic book miniseries.", "title": "Mark Hamill" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Iron Man 3 (stylized onscreen as Iron Man Three) is a 2013 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Iron Man, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2008's Iron Man and 2010's Iron Man 2, and the seventh film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by Shane Black from a screenplay he co-wrote with Drew Pearce, and stars Robert Downey Jr. as Tony Stark / Iron Man, alongside Gwyneth Paltrow, Don Cheadle, Guy Pearce, Rebecca Hall, Stephanie Szostak, James Badge Dale, Jon Favreau, and Ben Kingsley. In Iron Man 3, Tony Stark deals with posttraumatic stress disorder caused by the events of The Avengers, while investigating a string of terrorist attacks led by the mysterious Mandarin, and comes into a conflict with an old enemy: Aldrich Killian.", "title": "Iron Man 3" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Iron Man is a 2008 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It is the first film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by Jon Favreau, with a screenplay by the writing teams of Mark Fergus and Hawk Ostby and Art Marcum and Matt Holloway. It stars Robert Downey Jr. as Tony Stark / Iron Man, alongside Terrence Howard, Jeff Bridges, Shaun Toub, and Gwyneth Paltrow. In Iron Man, Tony Stark, an industrialist and master engineer, builds a powered exoskeleton and becomes the technologically advanced superhero Iron Man.", "title": "Iron Man (2008 film)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Reagan Gomez - Preston plays Roberta Tubbs, the stepdaughter of Cleveland. Gomez has stated that she uses her own voice to portray Roberta, and that she herself gets mistaken for a fifteen - year - old over the phone ``all the time. ''Before Gomez was cast as Roberta, Nia Long (who co-starred with Lathan in The Best Man franchise) provided the character's voice during the first thirteen episodes. According to Long, she was replaced because producers decided they wanted an actress with a younger - sounding voice, given that the character is a teenager.", "title": "The Cleveland Show" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scar is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' animated feature film The Lion King (1994). The character is voiced by Jeremy Irons while his singing voice is provided by both Irons and Jim Cummings, the latter of whom was hired to replace Irons when the former damaged his singing voice. Subsequently, Scar makes minor appearances in The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998) and The Lion King 11⁄2 (2004), in which he is voiced entirely by Cummings, and has a non speaking role in The Lion King 11⁄2 as well as appearing in the Broadway musical adaptation of the film, in which the role of Scar was originated by John Vickery.", "title": "Scar (The Lion King)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mark Richard Hamill (born September 25, 1951) is an American stage, screen and voice actor. He is known for playing Luke Skywalker in the Star Wars film series and for his voice - over work in animations and video games as the Joker, commencing with Batman: The Animated Series in 1992. Hamill has acted in several theater productions, notably The Elephant Man, and is the co-writer of The Black Pearl comic book miniseries.", "title": "Mark Hamill" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scar is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' 32nd animated feature film The Lion King (1994). The character is voiced by Jeremy Irons while his singing voice is provided by both Irons and Jim Cummings, the latter of whom was hired to replace Irons when the former damaged his singing voice. Subsequently, Scar makes minor appearances in The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998) and The Lion King 11⁄2 (2004), in both of which he is voiced entirely by Cummings, as well as appearing in the Broadway musical adaptation of the film, in which the role of Scar was originated by John Vickery.", "title": "Scar (The Lion King)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After issue # 99 (March 1968), the Tales of Suspense series was renamed Captain America. An Iron Man story appeared in the one - shot comic Iron Man and Sub-Mariner (April 1968), before the ``Golden Avenger ''made his solo debut with Iron Man # 1 (May 1968). The series' indicia gives its copyright title Iron Man, while the trademarked cover logo of most issues is The Invincible Iron Man. Artist George Tuska began a decade long association with the character with Iron Man # 5 (Sept. 1968). Writer Mike Friedrich and artist Jim Starlin's brief collaboration on the Iron Man series introduced Mentor, Starfox, and Thanos in issue # 55 (Feb. 1973). Friedrich scripted a metafictional story in which Iron Man visited the San Diego Comic Convention and met several Marvel Comics writers and artists. He then wrote the multi-issue`` War of the Super-Villains'' storyline which ran through 1975.", "title": "Iron Man" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Iron Giant is a 1999 American animated science fiction film produced by Warner Bros. Feature Animation and directed by Brad Bird in his directorial debut, who would later script and direct the Pixar film \"The Incredibles\" (2004). It is based on the 1968 novel \"The Iron Man\" by Ted Hughes (which was published in the United States as \"The Iron Giant\") and was scripted by Tim McCanlies from a story treatment by Bird. The film stars the voices of Vin Diesel (voicing the titular character), Eli Marienthal, Jennifer Aniston, Harry Connick Jr., Christopher McDonald and John Mahoney. Set during the Cold War in 1957, the film is about a young boy named Hogarth Hughes, who discovers and befriends a gigantic metallic robot who fell from outer space. With the help of a beatnik artist named Dean McCoppin, Hogarth attempts to prevent the U.S. military and Kent Mansley, a paranoid federal agent, from finding and destroying the Giant.", "title": "The Iron Giant" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A Beautiful Mind is the original soundtrack album, on the Decca Records label, of the 2001 film \"A Beautiful Mind\" starring Russell Crowe, Jennifer Connelly (who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as \"Alicia Nash\"), Christopher Plummer and Paul Bettany. The original score and songs were composed and conducted by James Horner.", "title": "A Beautiful Mind (soundtrack)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With Jackson's permission, his likeness was used for the Ultimate version of the Marvel Comics character Nick Fury. He has also played Fury in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) films Iron Man (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), Thor (2011), Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), and Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) as well as the TV show Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D..", "title": "Samuel L. Jackson" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2004, Lionsgate Entertainment announced that a Black Widow motion picture, featuring the Natasha Romanova version, was in the script stage by screenwriter - director David Hayter. Lionsgate subsequently dropped the project. The Ultimate version of Black Widow appears in the Ultimate Avengers animated direct - to - video movie and its sequel, Ultimate Avengers 2, voiced by Olivia d'Abo. Scarlett Johansson portrays Natasha Romanoff / Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning in 2010. Johansson made her debut appearance in Iron Man 2. She was cast after a scheduling conflict forced Emily Blunt to drop out of the part. Johansson reprised the role in The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and will do so again for Infinity War's untitled 2019 sequel. Feige indicated interest in doing a solo Black Widow film in September 2010 and in February 2014, development work had begun on it, with Jac Schaeffer hired in January 2018 to write the script. That July, Cate Shortland was hired to direct. Previously, director Neil Marshall had expressed interest in directing the film. Black Widow appears in the 2013 direct - to - video anime film Iron Man: Rise of Technovore, voiced by Clare Grant. Black Widow teams up with The Punisher in the anime film Avengers Confidential: Black Widow & Punisher, voiced by Jennifer Carpenter.", "title": "Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "P. C. Ramakrishna is a veteran theatre actor and voice artist based in Chennai, India. He has acted in several plays, such as \"Anna Weiss\", \"Dance Like A Man\", \"The Good Doctor\" and provided voice-overs to numerous advertisements, documentaries and corporate shows. He has been a member of the English theatre group \"The Madras Players\" since 1969.", "title": "P. C. Ramakrishna" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zachary Brendan McGowan (born May 5, 1980) is an American film and television actor and voice - over artist. He is known for his roles in television series Shameless as Jody, Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. as Anton Ivanov / The Superior, Black Sails as Charles Vane, and The 100 as Roan. Other highlights include parts in the films Terminator Salvation, The Hunt for Eagle One, and the sequel The Hunt for Eagle One: Crash Point. He guest - starred in the television series Numbers, CSI: Miami, and Cold Case, with voice - over work for the Scream Awards, Animal Planet and the video games Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon: Future Soldier, Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City, and Iron Man.", "title": "Zach McGowan" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barry Jarvis Wesson (born April 6, 1977 in Tupelo, Mississippi) is an American former right-handed outfielder in Major League Baseball who played for the Houston Astros and Anaheim Angels.", "title": "Barry Wesson" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Additionally, John Slattery and Hayley Atwell reprise their roles as Howard Stark and Peggy Carter, respectively, from previous MCU media. Slattery stated that his involvement in Ant - Man was ``not that much more ''than his participation in Iron Man 2, while Atwell described her appearance as being`` more of a cameo''. Abby Ryder Fortson portrays Cassie, the daughter of Lang and Maggie; Gregg Turkington appears as Dale, the manager of a Baskin - Robbins store; and Martin Donovan plays Mitchell Carson, a former member of S.H.I.E.L.D. who works for Hydra and looks to purchase the Yellowjacket technology. YouTuber Anna Akana portrays a writer in Luis' story at the end of the film. Garrett Morris, who portrayed Ant - Man in a Saturday Night Live sketch, appears as a taxi driver. Ant - Man co-creator Stan Lee makes a cameo appearance in the film as a bartender. Chris Evans and Sebastian Stan make uncredited appearances during the post-credits scene as Steve Rogers / Captain America and Bucky Barnes / Winter Soldier, respectively. Hayley Lovitt makes a nonspeaking cameo as Janet van Dyne / Wasp. Tom Kenny provides the voice of a toy rabbit that Scott gives to Cassie.", "title": "Ant-Man (film)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Paul Bettany (born 27 May 1971) is an English actor. He is known for his voice role as J.A.R.V.I.S. and the Vision in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, specifically the films Iron Man (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Iron Man 3 (2013), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Captain America: Civil War (2016), for which he garnered praise. He first came to the attention of mainstream audiences when he appeared in the British film Gangster No. 1 (2000), and director Brian Helgeland's film A Knight's Tale (2001). He has gone on to appear in a wide variety of films, including A Beautiful Mind (2001), Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003), Dogville (2003), Wimbledon (2004), and the adaptation of the novel The Da Vinci Code (2006).", "title": "Paul Bettany" } ]	Who is the spouse of the actor who plays Jarvis in Iron Man?	Jennifer Connelly	[]	Title: George Bray Passage: George Bray (11 November 1918 – 13 February 2002) was an English professional footballer who played as a wing half. He played his entire senior career with Burnley, making more than 250 appearances for the club in all competitions and forming part of the renowned defence known as the "Iron Curtain". After retiring from playing he remained at Burnley, firstly on the coaching staff and later as kit man before departing in 1992. In total, his association with the club as a player, coach, kit man and supporter spanned seven decades. Title: Zach McGowan Passage: Zachary Brendan McGowan (born May 5, 1980) is an American film and television actor and voice - over artist. He is known for his roles in television series Shameless as Jody, Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. as Anton Ivanov / The Superior, Black Sails as Charles Vane, and The 100 as Roan. Other highlights include parts in the films Terminator Salvation, The Hunt for Eagle One, and the sequel The Hunt for Eagle One: Crash Point. He guest - starred in the television series Numbers, CSI: Miami, and Cold Case, with voice - over work for the Scream Awards, Animal Planet and the video games Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon: Future Soldier, Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City, and Iron Man. Title: Scar (The Lion King) Passage: Scar is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' animated feature film The Lion King (1994). The character is voiced by Jeremy Irons while his singing voice is provided by both Irons and Jim Cummings, the latter of whom was hired to replace Irons when the former damaged his singing voice. Subsequently, Scar makes minor appearances in The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998) and The Lion King 11⁄2 (2004), in which he is voiced entirely by Cummings, and has a non speaking role in The Lion King 11⁄2 as well as appearing in the Broadway musical adaptation of the film, in which the role of Scar was originated by John Vickery. Title: Iron Man 3 Passage: Iron Man 3 (stylized onscreen as Iron Man Three) is a 2013 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Iron Man, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2008's Iron Man and 2010's Iron Man 2, and the seventh film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by Shane Black from a screenplay he co-wrote with Drew Pearce, and stars Robert Downey Jr. as Tony Stark / Iron Man, alongside Gwyneth Paltrow, Don Cheadle, Guy Pearce, Rebecca Hall, Stephanie Szostak, James Badge Dale, Jon Favreau, and Ben Kingsley. In Iron Man 3, Tony Stark deals with posttraumatic stress disorder caused by the events of The Avengers, while investigating a string of terrorist attacks led by the mysterious Mandarin, and comes into a conflict with an old enemy: Aldrich Killian. Title: P. C. Ramakrishna Passage: P. C. Ramakrishna is a veteran theatre actor and voice artist based in Chennai, India. He has acted in several plays, such as "Anna Weiss", "Dance Like A Man", "The Good Doctor" and provided voice-overs to numerous advertisements, documentaries and corporate shows. He has been a member of the English theatre group "The Madras Players" since 1969. Title: Mark Hamill Passage: Mark Richard Hamill (born September 25, 1951) is an American stage, screen and voice actor. He is known for playing Luke Skywalker in the Star Wars film series and for his voice - over work in animations and video games as the Joker, commencing with Batman: The Animated Series in 1992. Hamill has acted in several theater productions, notably The Elephant Man, and is the co-writer of The Black Pearl comic book miniseries. Title: Iron Man (song) Passage: ``Iron Man ''Single by Black Sabbath from the album Paranoid B - side`` Electric Funeral'' Released October 1971 Format 45 RPM Recorded 1970 Genre Heavy metal Length 3: 33 (Single version) 5: 56 (Album version) Label Warner Bros. (US / Canada) Songwriter (s) Iommi, Osbourne, Butler, Ward Producer (s) Rodger Bain Black Sabbath singles chronology ``Children of the Grave ''(1971)`` Iron Man'' (1971) ``Tomorrow's Dream ''(1972)`` Children of the Grave'' (1971) ``Iron Man ''(1971)`` Tomorrow's Dream'' (1972) Paranoid track listing ``Planet Caravan ''(3)`` Iron Man'' (4) ``Electric Funeral ''(5) Title: Scar (The Lion King) Passage: Scar is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' 32nd animated feature film The Lion King (1994). The character is voiced by Jeremy Irons while his singing voice is provided by both Irons and Jim Cummings, the latter of whom was hired to replace Irons when the former damaged his singing voice. Subsequently, Scar makes minor appearances in The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998) and The Lion King 11⁄2 (2004), in both of which he is voiced entirely by Cummings, as well as appearing in the Broadway musical adaptation of the film, in which the role of Scar was originated by John Vickery. Title: The Iron Giant Passage: The Iron Giant is a 1999 American animated science fiction film produced by Warner Bros. Feature Animation and directed by Brad Bird in his directorial debut, who would later script and direct the Pixar film "The Incredibles" (2004). It is based on the 1968 novel "The Iron Man" by Ted Hughes (which was published in the United States as "The Iron Giant") and was scripted by Tim McCanlies from a story treatment by Bird. The film stars the voices of Vin Diesel (voicing the titular character), Eli Marienthal, Jennifer Aniston, Harry Connick Jr., Christopher McDonald and John Mahoney. Set during the Cold War in 1957, the film is about a young boy named Hogarth Hughes, who discovers and befriends a gigantic metallic robot who fell from outer space. With the help of a beatnik artist named Dean McCoppin, Hogarth attempts to prevent the U.S. military and Kent Mansley, a paranoid federal agent, from finding and destroying the Giant. Title: Black Widow (Natasha Romanova) Passage: In 2004, Lionsgate Entertainment announced that a Black Widow motion picture, featuring the Natasha Romanova version, was in the script stage by screenwriter - director David Hayter. Lionsgate subsequently dropped the project. The Ultimate version of Black Widow appears in the Ultimate Avengers animated direct - to - video movie and its sequel, Ultimate Avengers 2, voiced by Olivia d'Abo. Scarlett Johansson portrays Natasha Romanoff / Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning in 2010. Johansson made her debut appearance in Iron Man 2. She was cast after a scheduling conflict forced Emily Blunt to drop out of the part. Johansson reprised the role in The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and will do so again for Infinity War's untitled 2019 sequel. Feige indicated interest in doing a solo Black Widow film in September 2010 and in February 2014, development work had begun on it, with Jac Schaeffer hired in January 2018 to write the script. That July, Cate Shortland was hired to direct. Previously, director Neil Marshall had expressed interest in directing the film. Black Widow appears in the 2013 direct - to - video anime film Iron Man: Rise of Technovore, voiced by Clare Grant. Black Widow teams up with The Punisher in the anime film Avengers Confidential: Black Widow & Punisher, voiced by Jennifer Carpenter. Title: Iron Man (2008 film) Passage: Iron Man is a 2008 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It is the first film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by Jon Favreau, with a screenplay by the writing teams of Mark Fergus and Hawk Ostby and Art Marcum and Matt Holloway. It stars Robert Downey Jr. as Tony Stark / Iron Man, alongside Terrence Howard, Jeff Bridges, Shaun Toub, and Gwyneth Paltrow. In Iron Man, Tony Stark, an industrialist and master engineer, builds a powered exoskeleton and becomes the technologically advanced superhero Iron Man. Title: Barry Wesson Passage: Barry Jarvis Wesson (born April 6, 1977 in Tupelo, Mississippi) is an American former right-handed outfielder in Major League Baseball who played for the Houston Astros and Anaheim Angels. Title: Guardians of the Galaxy (film) Passage: Additionally, Josh Brolin appears, uncredited, as Thanos through voice acting and performance capture. Sean Gunn stood in for Thanos during filming and portrays Kraglin, Yondu's first mate in the Ravagers. Alexis Denisof reprises his role as Thanos's vizier, ``The Other '', from The Avengers. Ophelia Lovibond plays Carina, the Collector's slave; Peter Serafinowicz plays Denarian Garthan Saal, a Nova Corps officer; Gregg Henry plays Quill's grandfather; Laura Haddock plays Quill's mother, Meredith; Melia Kreiling plays Bereet; Christopher Fairbank plays The Broker; Mikaela Hoover plays Nova Prime's assistant; Marama Corlett plays a pit boss at the bar, The Boot; Emmett J. Scanlan plays a Nova riot guard; Alexis Rodney plays Moloka Dar; Tom Proctor plays Horuz, a Ravager; and Spencer Wilding plays a prison guard who confiscates Quill's Walkman. Canine actor Fred appears as Cosmo. Stephen Blackehart had a supporting role. Naomi Ryan also had a supporting role in the film, though it was cut in the final version. Cameos in the film include: James Gunn as a Sakaaran; Stan Lee as a Xandarian Ladies' Man; Lloyd Kaufman as an inmate; Nathan Fillion as the voice of an inmate; Rob Zombie as the voice of the Ravager Navigator; composer Tyler Bates as a Ravager pilot; and Seth Green as the voice of Howard the Duck. Title: The Cleveland Show Passage: Reagan Gomez - Preston plays Roberta Tubbs, the stepdaughter of Cleveland. Gomez has stated that she uses her own voice to portray Roberta, and that she herself gets mistaken for a fifteen - year - old over the phone ``all the time. ''Before Gomez was cast as Roberta, Nia Long (who co-starred with Lathan in The Best Man franchise) provided the character's voice during the first thirteen episodes. According to Long, she was replaced because producers decided they wanted an actress with a younger - sounding voice, given that the character is a teenager. Title: A Beautiful Mind (soundtrack) Passage: A Beautiful Mind is the original soundtrack album, on the Decca Records label, of the 2001 film "A Beautiful Mind" starring Russell Crowe, Jennifer Connelly (who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as "Alicia Nash"), Christopher Plummer and Paul Bettany. The original score and songs were composed and conducted by James Horner. Title: Paul Bettany Passage: Paul Bettany (born 27 May 1971) is an English actor. He is known for his voice role as J.A.R.V.I.S. and the Vision in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, specifically the films Iron Man (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Iron Man 3 (2013), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Captain America: Civil War (2016), for which he garnered praise. He first came to the attention of mainstream audiences when he appeared in the British film Gangster No. 1 (2000), and director Brian Helgeland's film A Knight's Tale (2001). He has gone on to appear in a wide variety of films, including A Beautiful Mind (2001), Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003), Dogville (2003), Wimbledon (2004), and the adaptation of the novel The Da Vinci Code (2006). Title: Mark Hamill Passage: Mark Richard Hamill (born September 25, 1951) is an American stage, screen and voice actor. He is known for playing Luke Skywalker in the Star Wars film series and for his voice - over work in animations and video games as the Joker, beginning with Batman: The Animated Series in 1992. Hamill has acted in several theater productions, notably The Elephant Man, and is the cowriter of The Black Pearl comic book miniseries. Title: Iron Man Passage: After issue # 99 (March 1968), the Tales of Suspense series was renamed Captain America. An Iron Man story appeared in the one - shot comic Iron Man and Sub-Mariner (April 1968), before the ``Golden Avenger ''made his solo debut with Iron Man # 1 (May 1968). The series' indicia gives its copyright title Iron Man, while the trademarked cover logo of most issues is The Invincible Iron Man. Artist George Tuska began a decade long association with the character with Iron Man # 5 (Sept. 1968). Writer Mike Friedrich and artist Jim Starlin's brief collaboration on the Iron Man series introduced Mentor, Starfox, and Thanos in issue # 55 (Feb. 1973). Friedrich scripted a metafictional story in which Iron Man visited the San Diego Comic Convention and met several Marvel Comics writers and artists. He then wrote the multi-issue`` War of the Super-Villains'' storyline which ran through 1975. Title: Ant-Man (film) Passage: Additionally, John Slattery and Hayley Atwell reprise their roles as Howard Stark and Peggy Carter, respectively, from previous MCU media. Slattery stated that his involvement in Ant - Man was ``not that much more ''than his participation in Iron Man 2, while Atwell described her appearance as being`` more of a cameo''. Abby Ryder Fortson portrays Cassie, the daughter of Lang and Maggie; Gregg Turkington appears as Dale, the manager of a Baskin - Robbins store; and Martin Donovan plays Mitchell Carson, a former member of S.H.I.E.L.D. who works for Hydra and looks to purchase the Yellowjacket technology. YouTuber Anna Akana portrays a writer in Luis' story at the end of the film. Garrett Morris, who portrayed Ant - Man in a Saturday Night Live sketch, appears as a taxi driver. Ant - Man co-creator Stan Lee makes a cameo appearance in the film as a bartender. Chris Evans and Sebastian Stan make uncredited appearances during the post-credits scene as Steve Rogers / Captain America and Bucky Barnes / Winter Soldier, respectively. Hayley Lovitt makes a nonspeaking cameo as Janet van Dyne / Wasp. Tom Kenny provides the voice of a toy rabbit that Scott gives to Cassie. Title: Samuel L. Jackson Passage: With Jackson's permission, his likeness was used for the Ultimate version of the Marvel Comics character Nick Fury. He has also played Fury in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) films Iron Man (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), Thor (2011), Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), and Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) as well as the TV show Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D..	[ "A Beautiful Mind (soundtrack)", "Paul Bettany" ]
2hop__347652_47134	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "BLUE, the Wolverine was a live wolverine who served as a team mascot at University of Michigan Wolverines football games and was later kept in a small zoo at the University of Michigan in the 1920s and 1930s. In the mid-1920s, before the acquisition of a live wolverine, the University of Michigan used a mounted and stuffed wolverine, also named ``Biff '', as the team mascot.", "title": "Biff, the Michigan Wolverine" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Today, the Billiken is the official mascot of Saint Louis University and St. Louis University High School, both Jesuit institutions located in St. Louis. The Billiken is also the official mascot of the Royal Order of Jesters, an invitation only Shriner group, affiliated with Freemasonry. The Billiken also became the namesake of Billiken Shokai, the Japanese toy & model manufacturing company (established 1976).", "title": "Billiken" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NRL Mascot Mania is a National Rugby League video game, developed by Wicked Witch Software for Nintendo DS. It was released in July 2009.", "title": "NRL Mascot Mania" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"At the Moulin Rouge\" is owned by the Art Institute of Chicago as part of the Helen Birch Bartlett Memorial Collection, where it was first displayed on December 23, 1930. It was exhibited in London in 2011 at the Courtauld Institute of Art.", "title": "At the Moulin Rouge" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Francis Howell North High School is a secondary school located in St. Charles, Missouri. The school's mascot is Norm the knight.", "title": "Francis Howell North High School" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Aurora Bridge (officially called the George Washington Memorial Bridge) is a cantilever and truss bridge that carries State Route 99 (Aurora Avenue North) over the west end of Seattle's Lake Union and connects Queen Anne and Fremont. The bridge is located just east of the Fremont Cut, which itself is spanned by the Fremont Bridge.", "title": "Aurora Bridge" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Svoboda Factory Club (Russian:Клуб фабрики \"Свобода\"), conceived as \"Chemists Trade Union Club\" (Клуб Химиков), also known as \"Maxim Gorky Palace of Culture\" (Дворец культуры имени Горького), is a listed memorial avant-garde building in Moscow, Russia, designed by Konstantin Melnikov in 1927 and completed in 1929. It is located at 41A, Vyatskaya Street, in Savyolovsky District.", "title": "Svoboda Factory Club" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Home: Love, Happiness, Memories (Thai title: \"Home\" , \"Home - Khwam Rak Khwam Suk Khwam Song Cham\") is a Thai drama film directed by Chookiat Sakveerakul. It was produced and distributed by Sahamongkolfilm International and released in Thailand on 19 April 2012. The film, set in Chiang Mai, consists of three continuous segments, each focusing on a group of characters whose relationships are revealed in the third segment. According to Chookiat, \"Unlike my previous works, \"Home\" doesn't question any social problems. It's more of a personal film that pulls together my own memories.\"", "title": "Home (2012 film)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Independence Flagstaff, also known as the Charles F. Murphy Memorial Flagpole, is an outdoor memorial by sculptor Anthony de Francisci, located in Union Square Park in Manhattan, New York, which commemorates the 150th anniversary of the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence. The memorial was cast in 1926 and dedicated on July 4, 1930. It was made of steel, with copper sheathing, and is set on a granite pedestal which includes bronze bas-reliefs and plaques. The monument is in axial alignment with \"Abraham Lincoln\" and \"George Washington\".", "title": "Independence Flagstaff" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Above and Below is an installation by American artist Maya Lin, the designer of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. It is on display at and owned by the Indianapolis Museum of Art located in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The artwork was inspired by underground water systems in Indiana.", "title": "Above and Below" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gallant Fox, a bay horse with a white blaze, was foaled at Claiborne Farm in Paris, Kentucky, and was one of many leading American racehorses sired by the French-bred stallion Sir Gallahad III. His dam was the mare Marguerite, who also produced Gallant Fox's full brother Fighting Fox, whose wins included the Grand Union Hotel Stakes, the Wood Memorial Stakes, and the Carter Handicap. Owned by the Belair Stud of Collington, Maryland, Gallant Fox was trained by \"Sunny Jim\" Fitzsimmons and ridden in his major victories by Earl Sande.", "title": "Gallant Fox" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peavey Memorial Library is an historic public library in downtown Eastport, Maine, United States. Built in 1893, it was named for Albert Peavey, an Eastport resident whose son, Frank Peavey, left Eastport and eventually owned a major grain company in Minnesota in the late 1800s. Frank Peavey left money to Eastport for the establishment of the Peavey Memorial Library in his father's honor.", "title": "Peavey Memorial Library" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Servus Credit Union is a member-owned, community-based financial institution based in Edmonton, Alberta, and in 2015 became the second largest credit union in Canada and the largest credit union in Alberta. Servus has around 380,000 members who are served by close to 2,400 employees from 102 locations in 59 communities across Alberta and as of 2016 has $13.2 billion in assets under its administration.", "title": "Servus Credit Union" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Benny Beaver is the official mascot of Oregon State University and winner of the 2011 Capital One Mascot of the Year write - in campaign. The exact date of when the name was first used as the university's mascot is not known, but photographs in the school's yearbook document its use as early as the 1940s.", "title": "Benny Beaver" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mascot Madness! is the third book of the \"Schooling Around\" series by Andy Griffiths. It was published in 2009 by Pan Macmillan Australia.", "title": "Mascot Madness!" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pilgrim Memorial State Park comprises two monuments — Plymouth Rock and the National Monument to the Forefathers — in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Closely related to these memorials is the Myles Standish Monument State Reservation which can be seen across the Plymouth Bay in Duxbury, Massachusetts. Owned by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, these sites are managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation.", "title": "Pilgrim Memorial State Park" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Susan Coolidge shared her publisher, Roberts Brothers, with Louisa May Alcott, and \"What Katy Did\" helped satisfy the demand for naturalistic novels about girlhood that followed the 1868 success of \"Little Women\". Like Alcott, Coolidge heightened the realism of her novel by drawing on her own childhood memories.", "title": "What Katy Did" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Memorial Union (MU) is the student activity center at Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon, United States. It contains a ballroom, cafeteria, bowling alley, shops, and study areas. It was designed by Oregon Agricultural College (a predecessor of OSU) graduate Lee Arden Thomas.", "title": "Memorial Union (Oregon State University)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "First Calgary Financial is a member-owned financial institution based out of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The organization was established in 1987 through the merger of seven open-bond credit unions, as well as two additional credit union purchases. The first member-owned credit union that would eventually become First Calgary Financial was founded in 1938.", "title": "First Calgary Financial" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Weltzheimer/Johnson House is a Usonian style house designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in Oberlin, Ohio. Now owned by Oberlin College, it is operated as part of the Allen Memorial Art Museum. The house was originally named the Charles Weltzheimer Residence.", "title": "Weltzheimer/Johnson House" } ]	What is the mascot of the institution that owns Memorial Union?	Benny Beaver	[]	Title: Pilgrim Memorial State Park Passage: Pilgrim Memorial State Park comprises two monuments — Plymouth Rock and the National Monument to the Forefathers — in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Closely related to these memorials is the Myles Standish Monument State Reservation which can be seen across the Plymouth Bay in Duxbury, Massachusetts. Owned by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, these sites are managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation. Title: Svoboda Factory Club Passage: Svoboda Factory Club (Russian:Клуб фабрики "Свобода"), conceived as "Chemists Trade Union Club" (Клуб Химиков), also known as "Maxim Gorky Palace of Culture" (Дворец культуры имени Горького), is a listed memorial avant-garde building in Moscow, Russia, designed by Konstantin Melnikov in 1927 and completed in 1929. It is located at 41A, Vyatskaya Street, in Savyolovsky District. Title: First Calgary Financial Passage: First Calgary Financial is a member-owned financial institution based out of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The organization was established in 1987 through the merger of seven open-bond credit unions, as well as two additional credit union purchases. The first member-owned credit union that would eventually become First Calgary Financial was founded in 1938. Title: Memorial Union (Oregon State University) Passage: The Memorial Union (MU) is the student activity center at Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon, United States. It contains a ballroom, cafeteria, bowling alley, shops, and study areas. It was designed by Oregon Agricultural College (a predecessor of OSU) graduate Lee Arden Thomas. Title: Benny Beaver Passage: Benny Beaver is the official mascot of Oregon State University and winner of the 2011 Capital One Mascot of the Year write - in campaign. The exact date of when the name was first used as the university's mascot is not known, but photographs in the school's yearbook document its use as early as the 1940s. Title: Above and Below Passage: Above and Below is an installation by American artist Maya Lin, the designer of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. It is on display at and owned by the Indianapolis Museum of Art located in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The artwork was inspired by underground water systems in Indiana. Title: Billiken Passage: Today, the Billiken is the official mascot of Saint Louis University and St. Louis University High School, both Jesuit institutions located in St. Louis. The Billiken is also the official mascot of the Royal Order of Jesters, an invitation only Shriner group, affiliated with Freemasonry. The Billiken also became the namesake of Billiken Shokai, the Japanese toy & model manufacturing company (established 1976). Title: What Katy Did Passage: Susan Coolidge shared her publisher, Roberts Brothers, with Louisa May Alcott, and "What Katy Did" helped satisfy the demand for naturalistic novels about girlhood that followed the 1868 success of "Little Women". Like Alcott, Coolidge heightened the realism of her novel by drawing on her own childhood memories. Title: Aurora Bridge Passage: The Aurora Bridge (officially called the George Washington Memorial Bridge) is a cantilever and truss bridge that carries State Route 99 (Aurora Avenue North) over the west end of Seattle's Lake Union and connects Queen Anne and Fremont. The bridge is located just east of the Fremont Cut, which itself is spanned by the Fremont Bridge. Title: Mascot Madness! Passage: Mascot Madness! is the third book of the "Schooling Around" series by Andy Griffiths. It was published in 2009 by Pan Macmillan Australia. Title: Biff, the Michigan Wolverine Passage: BLUE, the Wolverine was a live wolverine who served as a team mascot at University of Michigan Wolverines football games and was later kept in a small zoo at the University of Michigan in the 1920s and 1930s. In the mid-1920s, before the acquisition of a live wolverine, the University of Michigan used a mounted and stuffed wolverine, also named ``Biff '', as the team mascot. Title: Home (2012 film) Passage: Home: Love, Happiness, Memories (Thai title: "Home" , "Home - Khwam Rak Khwam Suk Khwam Song Cham") is a Thai drama film directed by Chookiat Sakveerakul. It was produced and distributed by Sahamongkolfilm International and released in Thailand on 19 April 2012. The film, set in Chiang Mai, consists of three continuous segments, each focusing on a group of characters whose relationships are revealed in the third segment. According to Chookiat, "Unlike my previous works, "Home" doesn't question any social problems. It's more of a personal film that pulls together my own memories." Title: Francis Howell North High School Passage: Francis Howell North High School is a secondary school located in St. Charles, Missouri. The school's mascot is Norm the knight. Title: Servus Credit Union Passage: Servus Credit Union is a member-owned, community-based financial institution based in Edmonton, Alberta, and in 2015 became the second largest credit union in Canada and the largest credit union in Alberta. Servus has around 380,000 members who are served by close to 2,400 employees from 102 locations in 59 communities across Alberta and as of 2016 has $13.2 billion in assets under its administration. Title: Gallant Fox Passage: Gallant Fox, a bay horse with a white blaze, was foaled at Claiborne Farm in Paris, Kentucky, and was one of many leading American racehorses sired by the French-bred stallion Sir Gallahad III. His dam was the mare Marguerite, who also produced Gallant Fox's full brother Fighting Fox, whose wins included the Grand Union Hotel Stakes, the Wood Memorial Stakes, and the Carter Handicap. Owned by the Belair Stud of Collington, Maryland, Gallant Fox was trained by "Sunny Jim" Fitzsimmons and ridden in his major victories by Earl Sande. Title: Weltzheimer/Johnson House Passage: The Weltzheimer/Johnson House is a Usonian style house designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in Oberlin, Ohio. Now owned by Oberlin College, it is operated as part of the Allen Memorial Art Museum. The house was originally named the Charles Weltzheimer Residence. Title: At the Moulin Rouge Passage: "At the Moulin Rouge" is owned by the Art Institute of Chicago as part of the Helen Birch Bartlett Memorial Collection, where it was first displayed on December 23, 1930. It was exhibited in London in 2011 at the Courtauld Institute of Art. Title: NRL Mascot Mania Passage: NRL Mascot Mania is a National Rugby League video game, developed by Wicked Witch Software for Nintendo DS. It was released in July 2009. Title: Independence Flagstaff Passage: Independence Flagstaff, also known as the Charles F. Murphy Memorial Flagpole, is an outdoor memorial by sculptor Anthony de Francisci, located in Union Square Park in Manhattan, New York, which commemorates the 150th anniversary of the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence. The memorial was cast in 1926 and dedicated on July 4, 1930. It was made of steel, with copper sheathing, and is set on a granite pedestal which includes bronze bas-reliefs and plaques. The monument is in axial alignment with "Abraham Lincoln" and "George Washington". Title: Peavey Memorial Library Passage: Peavey Memorial Library is an historic public library in downtown Eastport, Maine, United States. Built in 1893, it was named for Albert Peavey, an Eastport resident whose son, Frank Peavey, left Eastport and eventually owned a major grain company in Minnesota in the late 1800s. Frank Peavey left money to Eastport for the establishment of the Peavey Memorial Library in his father's honor.	[ "Benny Beaver", "Memorial Union (Oregon State University)" ]
2hop__16581_16525	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Most historians[who?] consider Caliph Muawiyah (661–80) to have been the second ruler of the Umayyad dynasty, even though he was the first to assert the Umayyads' right to rule on a dynastic principle. It was really the caliphate of Uthman Ibn Affan (644–656), a member of Umayyad clan himself, that witnessed the revival and then the ascendancy of the Umayyad clan to the corridors of power. Uthman placed some of the trusted members of his clan at prominent and strong positions throughout the state. Most notable was the appointment of Marwan ibn al-Hakam, Uthman's first cousin, as his top advisor, which created a stir among the Hashimite companions of Muhammad, as Marwan along with his father Al-Hakam ibn Abi al-'As had been permanently exiled from Medina by Muhammad during his lifetime. Uthman also appointed as governor of Kufa his half-brother, Walid ibn Uqba, who was accused by Hashmites of leading prayer while under the influence of alcohol. Uthman also consolidated Muawiyah's governorship of Syria by granting him control over a larger area and appointed his foster brother Abdullah ibn Saad as the Governor of Egypt. However, since Uthman never named an heir, he cannot be considered the founder of a dynasty.", "title": "Umayyad Caliphate" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Punjabis followed a diverse plethora of faiths, mainly comprising Hinduism[citation needed] , when the Muslim Umayyad army led by Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and Southern Punjab in 712, by defeating Raja Dahir. The Umayyad Caliphate was the second Islamic caliphate established after the death of Muhammad. It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty, whose name derives from Umayya ibn Abd Shams, the great-grandfather of the first Umayyad caliph. Although the Umayyad family originally came from the city of Mecca, their capital was Damascus. Muhammad bin Qasim was the first to bring message of Islam to the population of Punjab.[citation needed] Punjab was part of different Muslim Empires consisting of Afghans and Turkic peoples in co-operation with local Punjabi tribes and others.[citation needed] In the 11th century, during the reign of Mahmud of Ghazni, the province became an important centre with Lahore as its second capital[citation needed] of the Ghaznavid Empire based out of Afghanistan. The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region.", "title": "Punjab, Pakistan" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some of the best examples of later Islamic mosaics were produced in Moorish Spain. The golden mosaics in the mihrab and the central dome of the Great Mosque in Corduba have a decidedly Byzantine character. They were made between 965 and 970 by local craftsmen, supervised by a master mosaicist from Constantinople, who was sent by the Byzantine Emperor to the Umayyad Caliph of Spain. The decoration is composed of colorful floral arabesques and wide bands of Arab calligraphy. The mosaics were purported to evoke the glamour of the Great Mosque in Damascus, which was lost for the Umayyad family.", "title": "Mosaic" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mu'awiya ibn Hisham () was an Arab general, the son of the Umayyad Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (r. 723–743), who distinguished himself in the Arab–Byzantine Wars. His son, Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu'awiya, was the founder of the Emirate of Córdoba and the Umayyad line of al-Andalus.", "title": "Mu'awiya ibn Hisham" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwards. Kufa fell to the Hashimiyya in 749, the last Umayyad stronghold in Iraq, Wasit, was placed under siege, and in November of the same year Abu al-Abbas was recognized as the new caliph in the mosque at Kufa.[citation needed] At this point Marwan mobilized his troops from Harran and advanced toward Iraq. In January 750 the two forces met in the Battle of the Zab, and the Umayyads were defeated. Damascus fell to the Abbasids in April, and in August, Marwan was killed in Egypt.", "title": "Umayyad Caliphate" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Poste Vaticane is an organization responsible for postal service in Vatican City. The organization is part of the Post and Telegraphy Service.", "title": "Poste Vaticane" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Umayyads have met with a largely negative reception from later Islamic historians, who have accused them of promoting a kingship (mulk, a term with connotations of tyranny) instead of a true caliphate (khilafa). In this respect it is notable that the Umayyad caliphs referred to themselves not as khalifat rasul Allah (\"successor of the messenger of God\", the title preferred by the tradition), but rather as khalifat Allah (\"deputy of God\"). The distinction seems to indicate that the Umayyads \"regarded themselves as God's representatives at the head of the community and saw no need to share their religious power with, or delegate it to, the emergent class of religious scholars.\" In fact, it was precisely this class of scholars, based largely in Iraq, that was responsible for collecting and recording the traditions that form the primary source material for the history of the Umayyad period. In reconstructing this history, therefore, it is necessary to rely mainly on sources, such as the histories of Tabari and Baladhuri, that were written in the Abbasid court at Baghdad.", "title": "Umayyad Caliphate" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Mu'awiyah introduced postal service, Abd al-Malik extended it throughout his empire, and Walid made full use of it. The Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik developed a regular postal service. Umar bin Abdul-Aziz developed it further by building caravanserais at stages along the Khurasan highway. Relays of horses were used for the conveyance of dispatches between the caliph and his agents and officials posted in the provinces. The main highways were divided into stages of 12 miles (19 km) each and each stage had horses, donkeys or camels ready to carry the post. Primarily the service met the needs of Government officials, but travellers and their important dispatches were also benefitted by the system. The postal carriages were also used for the swift transport of troops. They were able to carry fifty to a hundred men at a time. Under Governor Yusuf bin Umar, the postal department of Iraq cost 4,000,000 dirhams a year.", "title": "Umayyad Caliphate" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 1 November 2013, international postal services for Somalia officially resumed. The Universal Postal Union is now assisting the Somali Postal Service to develop its capacity, including providing technical assistance and basic mail processing equipment.", "title": "Communications in Somalia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Diwan of Umar, assigning annuities to all Arabs and to the Muslim soldiers of other races, underwent a change in the hands of the Umayyads. The Umayyads meddled with the register and the recipients regarded pensions as the subsistence allowance even without being in active service. Hisham reformed it and paid only to those who participated in battle. On the pattern of the Byzantine system the Umayyads reformed their army organization in general and divided it into five corps: the centre, two wings, vanguards and rearguards, following the same formation while on march or on a battle field. Marwan II (740–50) abandoned the old division and introduced Kurdus (cohort), a small compact body. The Umayyad troops were divided into three divisions: infantry, cavalry and artillery. Arab troops were dressed and armed in Greek fashion. The Umayyad cavalry used plain and round saddles. The artillery used arradah (ballista), manjaniq (the mangonel) and dabbabah or kabsh (the battering ram). The heavy engines, siege machines and baggage were carried on camels behind the army.", "title": "Umayyad Caliphate" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "India Post A typical Indian Post office in Tamil Nadu Native name India Post भारतीय डाक Type Department under Ministry of Communications of Government of India Industry Postal services, courier Founded 1 April 1854; 164 years ago (1854 - 04 - 01) Headquarters Dak Bhawan, Sansad Marg, New Delhi - 110001 Number of locations 155,015 Key people Ananta Narayan Nanda, IPoS, Secretary, Department of Posts & Chairperson, Postal Services Board Director General, Postal Services Services Letter post, parcel service, EMS, delivery, freight forwarding, third - party logistics, deposit account Revenue ₹129.39 billion (US $1.8 billion) (2016) Net income ₹- 60.07 billion (US $− 840 million) (2016) Number of employees 448,840 (As of 31 March 2016) Website www.indiapost.gov.in", "title": "India Post" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After defeating the Visigoths in only a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula. Beginning in 711, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus, which stretched from the Indus river in the Indian sub-continent (now Pakistan) up to the South of France, until its collapse in 750. That year the west of the empire gained its independence under Abd-ar-Rahman I with the establishment of the Emirate of Córdoba. After almost two centuries, the Emirate became the Caliphate of Córdoba in 929, until its dissolution a century later in 1031 into no less than 23 small kingdoms, called Taifa kingdoms.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the Indian Post Office was established in 1837, Asia's first adhesive stamp, the Scinde Dawk, was introduced in 1852 by Sir Bartle Frere, the British East India Company's administrator of the province of Sind. The Indian postal system developed into an extensive, dependable and robust network providing connectivity to almost all parts of India, Burma, the Straits Settlements and other areas controlled by the British East India Company (EIC). Based on the model postal system introduced in England by the reformer, Rowland Hill, efficient postal services were provided at a low cost and enabled the smooth commercial, military and administrative functioning of the EIC and its successor, the British Raj. The Imperial Posts co-existed with the several postal systems maintained by various Indian states, some of which produced stamps for use within their respective dominions, while British Indian postage stamps were required for sending mail beyond the boundaries of these states. Telegraphy and telephony made their appearance as part of the Posts before becoming separate departments. After the Independence of India in 1947, the Indian postal service continues to function on a countrywide basis and provides many valuable, low cost services to the public of India.", "title": "Postage stamps and postal history of India" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Somali Postal Service (Somali Post) is the national postal service of the Federal Government of Somalia. It is part of the Ministry of Information, Posts and Telecommunication.", "title": "Communications in Somalia" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States Postal Service (USPS; also known as the Post Office, U.S. Mail, or Postal Service) is an independent agency of the United States federal government responsible for providing postal service in the United States, including its insular areas and associated states. It is one of the few government agencies explicitly authorized by the United States Constitution.", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many Muslims criticized the Umayyads for having too many non-Muslim, former Roman administrators in their government. St John of Damascus was also a high administrator in the Umayyad administration. As the Muslims took over cities, they left the peoples political representatives and the Roman tax collectors and the administrators. The taxes to the central government were calculated and negotiated by the peoples political representatives. The Central government got paid for the services it provided and the local government got the money for the services it provided. Many Christian cities also used some of the taxes on maintain their churches and run their own organizations. Later the Umayyads were criticized by some Muslims for not reducing the taxes of the people who converted to Islam. These new converts continues to pay the same taxes that were previously negotiated.", "title": "Umayyad Caliphate" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It was initially completed in 691 CE at the order of Umayyad Caliph Abd al - Malik during the Second Fitna, built on the site of the Roman temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, which had in turn been built on the site of the Second Jewish Temple, destroyed during the Roman Siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE. The original dome collapsed in 1015 and was rebuilt in 1022 -- 23. The Dome of the Rock is in its core one of the oldest extant works of Islamic architecture.", "title": "Dome of the Rock" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hashimiyya movement (a sub-sect of the Kaysanites Shia), led by the Abbasid family, overthrew the Umayyad caliphate. The Abbasids were members of the Hashim clan, rivals of the Umayyads, but the word \"Hashimiyya\" seems to refer specifically to Abu Hashim, a grandson of Ali and son of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya. According to certain traditions, Abu Hashim died in 717 in Humeima in the house of Muhammad ibn Ali, the head of the Abbasid family, and before dying named Muhammad ibn Ali as his successor. This tradition allowed the Abbasids to rally the supporters of the failed revolt of Mukhtar, who had represented themselves as the supporters of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya.", "title": "Umayyad Caliphate" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The James A. Farley Building is the main United States Postal Service building in New York City. It is located in Midtown Manhattan and was built along with the original Pennsylvania Station in 1912. The building is famous for bearing the United States Postal Service creed: \"Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds.\"", "title": "James A. Farley Building" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ali was assassinated in 661 by a Kharijite partisan. Six months later in the same year, in the interest of peace, Hasan ibn Ali, highly regarded for his wisdom and as a peacemaker, and the Second Imam for the Shias, and the grandson of Muhammad, made a peace treaty with Muawiyah I. In the Hasan-Muawiya treaty, Hasan ibn Ali handed over power to Muawiya on the condition that he be just to the people and keep them safe and secure, and after his death he not establish a dynasty. This brought to an end the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs for the Sunnis, and Hasan ibn Ali was also the last Imam for the Shias to be a Caliph. Following this, Mu'awiyah broke the conditions of the agreement and began the Umayyad dynasty, with its capital in Damascus.", "title": "Umayyad Caliphate" } ]	When did the person who first brought a postal service into Umayyad lands become caliph?	661	[]	Title: Poste Vaticane Passage: Poste Vaticane is an organization responsible for postal service in Vatican City. The organization is part of the Post and Telegraphy Service. Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: Ali was assassinated in 661 by a Kharijite partisan. Six months later in the same year, in the interest of peace, Hasan ibn Ali, highly regarded for his wisdom and as a peacemaker, and the Second Imam for the Shias, and the grandson of Muhammad, made a peace treaty with Muawiyah I. In the Hasan-Muawiya treaty, Hasan ibn Ali handed over power to Muawiya on the condition that he be just to the people and keep them safe and secure, and after his death he not establish a dynasty. This brought to an end the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs for the Sunnis, and Hasan ibn Ali was also the last Imam for the Shias to be a Caliph. Following this, Mu'awiyah broke the conditions of the agreement and began the Umayyad dynasty, with its capital in Damascus. Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: Many Muslims criticized the Umayyads for having too many non-Muslim, former Roman administrators in their government. St John of Damascus was also a high administrator in the Umayyad administration. As the Muslims took over cities, they left the peoples political representatives and the Roman tax collectors and the administrators. The taxes to the central government were calculated and negotiated by the peoples political representatives. The Central government got paid for the services it provided and the local government got the money for the services it provided. Many Christian cities also used some of the taxes on maintain their churches and run their own organizations. Later the Umayyads were criticized by some Muslims for not reducing the taxes of the people who converted to Islam. These new converts continues to pay the same taxes that were previously negotiated. Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: Most historians[who?] consider Caliph Muawiyah (661–80) to have been the second ruler of the Umayyad dynasty, even though he was the first to assert the Umayyads' right to rule on a dynastic principle. It was really the caliphate of Uthman Ibn Affan (644–656), a member of Umayyad clan himself, that witnessed the revival and then the ascendancy of the Umayyad clan to the corridors of power. Uthman placed some of the trusted members of his clan at prominent and strong positions throughout the state. Most notable was the appointment of Marwan ibn al-Hakam, Uthman's first cousin, as his top advisor, which created a stir among the Hashimite companions of Muhammad, as Marwan along with his father Al-Hakam ibn Abi al-'As had been permanently exiled from Medina by Muhammad during his lifetime. Uthman also appointed as governor of Kufa his half-brother, Walid ibn Uqba, who was accused by Hashmites of leading prayer while under the influence of alcohol. Uthman also consolidated Muawiyah's governorship of Syria by granting him control over a larger area and appointed his foster brother Abdullah ibn Saad as the Governor of Egypt. However, since Uthman never named an heir, he cannot be considered the founder of a dynasty. Title: Punjab, Pakistan Passage: The Punjabis followed a diverse plethora of faiths, mainly comprising Hinduism[citation needed] , when the Muslim Umayyad army led by Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and Southern Punjab in 712, by defeating Raja Dahir. The Umayyad Caliphate was the second Islamic caliphate established after the death of Muhammad. It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty, whose name derives from Umayya ibn Abd Shams, the great-grandfather of the first Umayyad caliph. Although the Umayyad family originally came from the city of Mecca, their capital was Damascus. Muhammad bin Qasim was the first to bring message of Islam to the population of Punjab.[citation needed] Punjab was part of different Muslim Empires consisting of Afghans and Turkic peoples in co-operation with local Punjabi tribes and others.[citation needed] In the 11th century, during the reign of Mahmud of Ghazni, the province became an important centre with Lahore as its second capital[citation needed] of the Ghaznavid Empire based out of Afghanistan. The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region. Title: Mu'awiya ibn Hisham Passage: Mu'awiya ibn Hisham () was an Arab general, the son of the Umayyad Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (r. 723–743), who distinguished himself in the Arab–Byzantine Wars. His son, Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu'awiya, was the founder of the Emirate of Córdoba and the Umayyad line of al-Andalus. Title: Communications in Somalia Passage: The Somali Postal Service (Somali Post) is the national postal service of the Federal Government of Somalia. It is part of the Ministry of Information, Posts and Telecommunication. Title: Mosaic Passage: Some of the best examples of later Islamic mosaics were produced in Moorish Spain. The golden mosaics in the mihrab and the central dome of the Great Mosque in Corduba have a decidedly Byzantine character. They were made between 965 and 970 by local craftsmen, supervised by a master mosaicist from Constantinople, who was sent by the Byzantine Emperor to the Umayyad Caliph of Spain. The decoration is composed of colorful floral arabesques and wide bands of Arab calligraphy. The mosaics were purported to evoke the glamour of the Great Mosque in Damascus, which was lost for the Umayyad family. Title: United States Postal Service Passage: The United States Postal Service (USPS; also known as the Post Office, U.S. Mail, or Postal Service) is an independent agency of the United States federal government responsible for providing postal service in the United States, including its insular areas and associated states. It is one of the few government agencies explicitly authorized by the United States Constitution. Title: Dome of the Rock Passage: It was initially completed in 691 CE at the order of Umayyad Caliph Abd al - Malik during the Second Fitna, built on the site of the Roman temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, which had in turn been built on the site of the Second Jewish Temple, destroyed during the Roman Siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE. The original dome collapsed in 1015 and was rebuilt in 1022 -- 23. The Dome of the Rock is in its core one of the oldest extant works of Islamic architecture. Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: The Umayyads have met with a largely negative reception from later Islamic historians, who have accused them of promoting a kingship (mulk, a term with connotations of tyranny) instead of a true caliphate (khilafa). In this respect it is notable that the Umayyad caliphs referred to themselves not as khalifat rasul Allah ("successor of the messenger of God", the title preferred by the tradition), but rather as khalifat Allah ("deputy of God"). The distinction seems to indicate that the Umayyads "regarded themselves as God's representatives at the head of the community and saw no need to share their religious power with, or delegate it to, the emergent class of religious scholars." In fact, it was precisely this class of scholars, based largely in Iraq, that was responsible for collecting and recording the traditions that form the primary source material for the history of the Umayyad period. In reconstructing this history, therefore, it is necessary to rely mainly on sources, such as the histories of Tabari and Baladhuri, that were written in the Abbasid court at Baghdad. Title: Postage stamps and postal history of India Passage: Although the Indian Post Office was established in 1837, Asia's first adhesive stamp, the Scinde Dawk, was introduced in 1852 by Sir Bartle Frere, the British East India Company's administrator of the province of Sind. The Indian postal system developed into an extensive, dependable and robust network providing connectivity to almost all parts of India, Burma, the Straits Settlements and other areas controlled by the British East India Company (EIC). Based on the model postal system introduced in England by the reformer, Rowland Hill, efficient postal services were provided at a low cost and enabled the smooth commercial, military and administrative functioning of the EIC and its successor, the British Raj. The Imperial Posts co-existed with the several postal systems maintained by various Indian states, some of which produced stamps for use within their respective dominions, while British Indian postage stamps were required for sending mail beyond the boundaries of these states. Telegraphy and telephony made their appearance as part of the Posts before becoming separate departments. After the Independence of India in 1947, the Indian postal service continues to function on a countrywide basis and provides many valuable, low cost services to the public of India. Title: India Post Passage: India Post A typical Indian Post office in Tamil Nadu Native name India Post भारतीय डाक Type Department under Ministry of Communications of Government of India Industry Postal services, courier Founded 1 April 1854; 164 years ago (1854 - 04 - 01) Headquarters Dak Bhawan, Sansad Marg, New Delhi - 110001 Number of locations 155,015 Key people Ananta Narayan Nanda, IPoS, Secretary, Department of Posts & Chairperson, Postal Services Board Director General, Postal Services Services Letter post, parcel service, EMS, delivery, freight forwarding, third - party logistics, deposit account Revenue ₹129.39 billion (US $1.8 billion) (2016) Net income ₹- 60.07 billion (US $− 840 million) (2016) Number of employees 448,840 (As of 31 March 2016) Website www.indiapost.gov.in Title: Communications in Somalia Passage: On 1 November 2013, international postal services for Somalia officially resumed. The Universal Postal Union is now assisting the Somali Postal Service to develop its capacity, including providing technical assistance and basic mail processing equipment. Title: Portugal Passage: After defeating the Visigoths in only a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula. Beginning in 711, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus, which stretched from the Indus river in the Indian sub-continent (now Pakistan) up to the South of France, until its collapse in 750. That year the west of the empire gained its independence under Abd-ar-Rahman I with the establishment of the Emirate of Córdoba. After almost two centuries, the Emirate became the Caliphate of Córdoba in 929, until its dissolution a century later in 1031 into no less than 23 small kingdoms, called Taifa kingdoms. Title: James A. Farley Building Passage: The James A. Farley Building is the main United States Postal Service building in New York City. It is located in Midtown Manhattan and was built along with the original Pennsylvania Station in 1912. The building is famous for bearing the United States Postal Service creed: "Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds." Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: Mu'awiyah introduced postal service, Abd al-Malik extended it throughout his empire, and Walid made full use of it. The Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik developed a regular postal service. Umar bin Abdul-Aziz developed it further by building caravanserais at stages along the Khurasan highway. Relays of horses were used for the conveyance of dispatches between the caliph and his agents and officials posted in the provinces. The main highways were divided into stages of 12 miles (19 km) each and each stage had horses, donkeys or camels ready to carry the post. Primarily the service met the needs of Government officials, but travellers and their important dispatches were also benefitted by the system. The postal carriages were also used for the swift transport of troops. They were able to carry fifty to a hundred men at a time. Under Governor Yusuf bin Umar, the postal department of Iraq cost 4,000,000 dirhams a year. Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: The Hashimiyya movement (a sub-sect of the Kaysanites Shia), led by the Abbasid family, overthrew the Umayyad caliphate. The Abbasids were members of the Hashim clan, rivals of the Umayyads, but the word "Hashimiyya" seems to refer specifically to Abu Hashim, a grandson of Ali and son of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya. According to certain traditions, Abu Hashim died in 717 in Humeima in the house of Muhammad ibn Ali, the head of the Abbasid family, and before dying named Muhammad ibn Ali as his successor. This tradition allowed the Abbasids to rally the supporters of the failed revolt of Mukhtar, who had represented themselves as the supporters of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya. Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwards. Kufa fell to the Hashimiyya in 749, the last Umayyad stronghold in Iraq, Wasit, was placed under siege, and in November of the same year Abu al-Abbas was recognized as the new caliph in the mosque at Kufa.[citation needed] At this point Marwan mobilized his troops from Harran and advanced toward Iraq. In January 750 the two forces met in the Battle of the Zab, and the Umayyads were defeated. Damascus fell to the Abbasids in April, and in August, Marwan was killed in Egypt. Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: The Diwan of Umar, assigning annuities to all Arabs and to the Muslim soldiers of other races, underwent a change in the hands of the Umayyads. The Umayyads meddled with the register and the recipients regarded pensions as the subsistence allowance even without being in active service. Hisham reformed it and paid only to those who participated in battle. On the pattern of the Byzantine system the Umayyads reformed their army organization in general and divided it into five corps: the centre, two wings, vanguards and rearguards, following the same formation while on march or on a battle field. Marwan II (740–50) abandoned the old division and introduced Kurdus (cohort), a small compact body. The Umayyad troops were divided into three divisions: infantry, cavalry and artillery. Arab troops were dressed and armed in Greek fashion. The Umayyad cavalry used plain and round saddles. The artillery used arradah (ballista), manjaniq (the mangonel) and dabbabah or kabsh (the battering ram). The heavy engines, siege machines and baggage were carried on camels behind the army.	[ "Umayyad Caliphate", "Umayyad Caliphate" ]
2hop__815205_590407	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "HOSA - Future Health Professionals, formerly known as Health Occupations Students of America (HOSA), is a national career and technical student organization endorsed by the U.S. Department of Education and the Health Science Technology Education Division of ACTE. HOSA is composed of middle school, secondary, and post secondary / collegiate students, along with professional, alumni, and honorary members. It is headquartered in Southlake, Texas, and is the largest student organization which prepares students to enter the healthcare field.", "title": "HOSA (organization)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Canadian Political Science Association (Association canadienne de science politique) is an organization of political scientists in Canada. It is a bilingual organization and publishes the bilingual journal \"Canadian Journal of Political Science (Revue canadienne de science politique)\". The organization is headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario and has an annual convention in conjunction with the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences.", "title": "Canadian Political Science Association" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "William A. Gahl is the current Clinical Director of the National Human Genome Research Institute at the NIH main campus in Bethesda, MD.", "title": "William A. Gahl" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crawford High School is a 2A high school located in Crawford, Texas (USA). It is part of the Crawford Independent School District located in northwestern McLennan County. In 2011, the school was rated \"Recognized\" by the Texas Education Agency.", "title": "Crawford High School (Texas)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ramananda College is an institution of higher education situated at Bishnupur, Bankura district, in the state of West Bengal, India. It is the only co-educational degree college at the headquarters of Bishnupur subdivision.", "title": "Ramananda College" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Royal School of Mines was established by Sir Henry de la Beche in 1851, developing from the Museum of Economic Geology, a collection of minerals, maps and mining equipment. He created a school which laid the foundations for the teaching of science in the country, and which has its legacy today at Imperial. Prince Albert was a patron and supporter of the later developments in science teaching, which led to the Royal College of Chemistry becoming part of the Royal School of Mines, to the creation of the Royal College of Science and eventually to these institutions becoming part of his plan for South Kensington being an educational region.", "title": "Imperial College London" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Rajupalem is a major village in Kodavalur mandal, Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India. North Rajupalem (NRP) is developed industrially, agriculturally. It is one of the major educational hubs in Kodavlur mandal. It is located 12 km from district headquarters Nellore.", "title": "North Rajupalem" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Office of Science Education (OSE) of the United States National Institutes of Health plans, develops, and coordinates a comprehensive science education program to strengthen and enhance efforts of the NIH to attract young people to biomedical and behavioral science careers and to improve science literacy in both adults and children.", "title": "Office of Science Education" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Graubundner Kantonalbank (known as Banca Cantonal Grigione in Italian) is a Swiss cantonal bank which is part of the 24 cantonal banks serving Switzerland's 26 cantons. The headquarters are located in Chur, and there are 67 branches around Graubünden.", "title": "Graubündner Kantonalbank" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kingfisher plc is a British multinational retailing company headquartered in London, with regional offices located across the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. It is the largest home improvement retailer in Europe, and the third largest in the world (behind The Home Depot and Lowe's).", "title": "Kingfisher plc" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "United States Government - backed student loans were first offered in 1958 under the National Defense Education Act (NDEA), and were only available to select categories of students, such as those studying toward engineering, science, or education degrees. The student loan program, along with other parts of the Act, which subsidized college professor training, was established in response to the Soviet Union's launch of the Sputnik satellite, and a widespread perception that the United States was falling behind in science and technology, in the middle of the Cold War. Student loans were extended more broadly in the 1960s under the Higher Education Act of 1965, with the goal of encouraging greater social mobility and equality of opportunity.", "title": "Student loans in the United States" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The is an interdisciplinary graduate school located in Onna, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The school offers a 5-year PhD program in Science. Over half of the faculty and students are recruited from outside Japan, and all education and research is conducted entirely in English.", "title": "Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "United States Department of Homeland Security Seal of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Flag of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Nebraska Avenue Complex, DHS headquarters Agency overview Formed November 25, 2002; 15 years ago (2002 - 11 - 25) Jurisdiction United States Headquarters Nebraska Avenue Complex, Washington, D.C., U.S. 38 ° 56 ′ 17 ''N 77 ° 4 ′ 56'' W / 38.93806 ° N 77.08222 ° W / 38.93806; - 77.08222 Employees 229,000 (2017) Annual budget $40.6 billion (2017) Agency executives Kirstjen Nielsen, Secretary Elaine Duke, Deputy Secretary Child agencies United States Citizenship and Immigration Services U.S. Customs and Border Protection Federal Emergency Management Agency U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Transportation Security Administration United States Coast Guard National Protection and Programs Directorate United States Secret Service Federal Law Enforcement Training Center Citizenship & Immigration Services Ombudsmen Domestic Nuclear Detection Office Management Directorate Office for Civil Rights & Civil Liberties Office of General Counsel Office of Health Affairs Office of Intelligence & Analysis Office of Legislative Affairs Office of Operations Coordination Office of Partnership & Engagement Office of Policy Office of Public Affairs Office of the Inspector General Privacy Office Science & Technology Directorate Website www.dhs.gov ``The DHS March ''", "title": "United States Department of Homeland Security" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Service Headquarters is located in Hertford whilst the Training and Development Centre and Fire Control Centre are located in Stevenage. It is administered by a Fire Authority which is an internal part of Hertfordshire County Council. The Chief Fire Officer is Darryl Keen, assisted by Deputy Chief Fire Officer Chris Bigland.", "title": "Hertfordshire Fire and Rescue Service" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The FDNY headquarters is located at 9 MetroTech Center in Downtown Brooklyn, and the FDNY Fire Academy is located on Randalls Island. There are three Bureau of Fire Communications alarm offices which receive and dispatch alarms to appropriate units. One office, at 11 Metrotech Center in Brooklyn, houses Manhattan/Citywide, Brooklyn, and Staten Island Fire Communications. The Bronx and Queens offices are in separate buildings.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Opened in 1946, Cuyamaca Outdoor School, the first Outdoor School in California and the only Outdoor School in San Diego County that is certified by ROSS (Residential Outdoor Science Schools) and COSA (California Outdoor Schools Administration), is owned by San Diego County Office of Education and located in the Cuyamaca Rancho State Park and Cleveland National Forest in Descanso, California. During the school year students, generally 6th graders, come to learn subjects related to outdoor education, staying between four and five days. On campus there are several dormitory facilities, a dining hall, multipurpose room, activity building and infirmary. The construction of several new buildings on campus has been \"certified gold\" by the U.S. Green Building Council.", "title": "Cuyamaca Outdoor School" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Franklin Institute is a science museum and the center of science education and research in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is named after the American scientist and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, and houses the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial. Founded in 1824, the Franklin Institute is one of the oldest centers of science education and development in the United States.", "title": "Franklin Institute" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 1 October 2003, three organizations were merged to form the new JAXA: Japan's Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), the National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan (NAL), and National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA). JAXA was formed as an Independent Administrative Institution administered by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC).Before the merger, ISAS was responsible for space and planetary research, while NAL was focused on aviation research. NASDA, which was founded on 1 October 1969, had developed rockets, satellites, and also built the Japanese Experiment Module. The old NASDA headquarters were located at the current site of the Tanegashima Space Center, on Tanegashima Island, 115 kilometers south of Kyūshū. NASDA also trained Japanese astronauts, who flew with the US Space Shuttles.The Basic Space Law was passed in 2008, and the jurisdictional authority of JAXA moved from MEXT to the Strategic Headquarters for Space Development (SHSD) in the Cabinet, led by the Prime Minister. In 2016, the National Space Policy Secretariat (NSPS) was set up the Cabinet.In 2012, new legislation extended JAXA's remit from peaceful purposes only to include some military space development, such as missile early warning systems. Political control of JAXA passed from MEXT to the Prime Minister's Cabinet Office through a new Space Strategy Office.", "title": "JAXA" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Nepali: शिक्षा, विज्ञान तथा प्रविधि मन्त्रालय) is a governmental body of Nepal responsible for the overall development of education in Nepal. The ministry is responsible for formulating educational policies and plans and managing and implementing them across the country through the institutions under it. In 2018, under the second Oli cabinet, the portfolio of the ministry was enlarged and the portfolios of Science and Technology were added to the then Ministry of Education, while the Ministry of Science and Technology was discontinued. The current minister of Education, Science and Technology is Giriraj Mani Pokharel, who has already had this post in the first Oli cabinet in 2015.", "title": "Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Nepal)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Camp des Milles was a French internment camp, opened in September 1939, in a former tile factory near the village of Les Milles, part of the commune of Aix-en-Provence (Bouches-du-Rhône). In October 2015, the site was chosen by UNESCO as the headquarters for its new Chair of Education for Citizenship, Human Sciences and Shared Memories.", "title": "Camp des Milles" } ]	Where is the headquarters of the organization that the Office of Science Education is a part of?	Bethesda	[]	Title: Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Passage: The is an interdisciplinary graduate school located in Onna, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The school offers a 5-year PhD program in Science. Over half of the faculty and students are recruited from outside Japan, and all education and research is conducted entirely in English. Title: Cuyamaca Outdoor School Passage: Opened in 1946, Cuyamaca Outdoor School, the first Outdoor School in California and the only Outdoor School in San Diego County that is certified by ROSS (Residential Outdoor Science Schools) and COSA (California Outdoor Schools Administration), is owned by San Diego County Office of Education and located in the Cuyamaca Rancho State Park and Cleveland National Forest in Descanso, California. During the school year students, generally 6th graders, come to learn subjects related to outdoor education, staying between four and five days. On campus there are several dormitory facilities, a dining hall, multipurpose room, activity building and infirmary. The construction of several new buildings on campus has been "certified gold" by the U.S. Green Building Council. Title: JAXA Passage: On 1 October 2003, three organizations were merged to form the new JAXA: Japan's Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), the National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan (NAL), and National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA). JAXA was formed as an Independent Administrative Institution administered by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC).Before the merger, ISAS was responsible for space and planetary research, while NAL was focused on aviation research. NASDA, which was founded on 1 October 1969, had developed rockets, satellites, and also built the Japanese Experiment Module. The old NASDA headquarters were located at the current site of the Tanegashima Space Center, on Tanegashima Island, 115 kilometers south of Kyūshū. NASDA also trained Japanese astronauts, who flew with the US Space Shuttles.The Basic Space Law was passed in 2008, and the jurisdictional authority of JAXA moved from MEXT to the Strategic Headquarters for Space Development (SHSD) in the Cabinet, led by the Prime Minister. In 2016, the National Space Policy Secretariat (NSPS) was set up the Cabinet.In 2012, new legislation extended JAXA's remit from peaceful purposes only to include some military space development, such as missile early warning systems. Political control of JAXA passed from MEXT to the Prime Minister's Cabinet Office through a new Space Strategy Office. Title: Ramananda College Passage: Ramananda College is an institution of higher education situated at Bishnupur, Bankura district, in the state of West Bengal, India. It is the only co-educational degree college at the headquarters of Bishnupur subdivision. Title: United States Department of Homeland Security Passage: United States Department of Homeland Security Seal of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Flag of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Nebraska Avenue Complex, DHS headquarters Agency overview Formed November 25, 2002; 15 years ago (2002 - 11 - 25) Jurisdiction United States Headquarters Nebraska Avenue Complex, Washington, D.C., U.S. 38 ° 56 ′ 17 ''N 77 ° 4 ′ 56'' W / 38.93806 ° N 77.08222 ° W / 38.93806; - 77.08222 Employees 229,000 (2017) Annual budget $40.6 billion (2017) Agency executives Kirstjen Nielsen, Secretary Elaine Duke, Deputy Secretary Child agencies United States Citizenship and Immigration Services U.S. Customs and Border Protection Federal Emergency Management Agency U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Transportation Security Administration United States Coast Guard National Protection and Programs Directorate United States Secret Service Federal Law Enforcement Training Center Citizenship & Immigration Services Ombudsmen Domestic Nuclear Detection Office Management Directorate Office for Civil Rights & Civil Liberties Office of General Counsel Office of Health Affairs Office of Intelligence & Analysis Office of Legislative Affairs Office of Operations Coordination Office of Partnership & Engagement Office of Policy Office of Public Affairs Office of the Inspector General Privacy Office Science & Technology Directorate Website www.dhs.gov ``The DHS March '' Title: Crawford High School (Texas) Passage: Crawford High School is a 2A high school located in Crawford, Texas (USA). It is part of the Crawford Independent School District located in northwestern McLennan County. In 2011, the school was rated "Recognized" by the Texas Education Agency. Title: Canadian Political Science Association Passage: The Canadian Political Science Association (Association canadienne de science politique) is an organization of political scientists in Canada. It is a bilingual organization and publishes the bilingual journal "Canadian Journal of Political Science (Revue canadienne de science politique)". The organization is headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario and has an annual convention in conjunction with the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences. Title: Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Nepal) Passage: The Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Nepali: शिक्षा, विज्ञान तथा प्रविधि मन्त्रालय) is a governmental body of Nepal responsible for the overall development of education in Nepal. The ministry is responsible for formulating educational policies and plans and managing and implementing them across the country through the institutions under it. In 2018, under the second Oli cabinet, the portfolio of the ministry was enlarged and the portfolios of Science and Technology were added to the then Ministry of Education, while the Ministry of Science and Technology was discontinued. The current minister of Education, Science and Technology is Giriraj Mani Pokharel, who has already had this post in the first Oli cabinet in 2015. Title: North Rajupalem Passage: North Rajupalem is a major village in Kodavalur mandal, Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India. North Rajupalem (NRP) is developed industrially, agriculturally. It is one of the major educational hubs in Kodavlur mandal. It is located 12 km from district headquarters Nellore. Title: William A. Gahl Passage: William A. Gahl is the current Clinical Director of the National Human Genome Research Institute at the NIH main campus in Bethesda, MD. Title: Student loans in the United States Passage: United States Government - backed student loans were first offered in 1958 under the National Defense Education Act (NDEA), and were only available to select categories of students, such as those studying toward engineering, science, or education degrees. The student loan program, along with other parts of the Act, which subsidized college professor training, was established in response to the Soviet Union's launch of the Sputnik satellite, and a widespread perception that the United States was falling behind in science and technology, in the middle of the Cold War. Student loans were extended more broadly in the 1960s under the Higher Education Act of 1965, with the goal of encouraging greater social mobility and equality of opportunity. Title: HOSA (organization) Passage: HOSA - Future Health Professionals, formerly known as Health Occupations Students of America (HOSA), is a national career and technical student organization endorsed by the U.S. Department of Education and the Health Science Technology Education Division of ACTE. HOSA is composed of middle school, secondary, and post secondary / collegiate students, along with professional, alumni, and honorary members. It is headquartered in Southlake, Texas, and is the largest student organization which prepares students to enter the healthcare field. Title: Imperial College London Passage: The Royal School of Mines was established by Sir Henry de la Beche in 1851, developing from the Museum of Economic Geology, a collection of minerals, maps and mining equipment. He created a school which laid the foundations for the teaching of science in the country, and which has its legacy today at Imperial. Prince Albert was a patron and supporter of the later developments in science teaching, which led to the Royal College of Chemistry becoming part of the Royal School of Mines, to the creation of the Royal College of Science and eventually to these institutions becoming part of his plan for South Kensington being an educational region. Title: Graubündner Kantonalbank Passage: The Graubundner Kantonalbank (known as Banca Cantonal Grigione in Italian) is a Swiss cantonal bank which is part of the 24 cantonal banks serving Switzerland's 26 cantons. The headquarters are located in Chur, and there are 67 branches around Graubünden. Title: Kingfisher plc Passage: Kingfisher plc is a British multinational retailing company headquartered in London, with regional offices located across the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. It is the largest home improvement retailer in Europe, and the third largest in the world (behind The Home Depot and Lowe's). Title: New York City Passage: The FDNY headquarters is located at 9 MetroTech Center in Downtown Brooklyn, and the FDNY Fire Academy is located on Randalls Island. There are three Bureau of Fire Communications alarm offices which receive and dispatch alarms to appropriate units. One office, at 11 Metrotech Center in Brooklyn, houses Manhattan/Citywide, Brooklyn, and Staten Island Fire Communications. The Bronx and Queens offices are in separate buildings. Title: Camp des Milles Passage: The Camp des Milles was a French internment camp, opened in September 1939, in a former tile factory near the village of Les Milles, part of the commune of Aix-en-Provence (Bouches-du-Rhône). In October 2015, the site was chosen by UNESCO as the headquarters for its new Chair of Education for Citizenship, Human Sciences and Shared Memories. Title: Hertfordshire Fire and Rescue Service Passage: The Service Headquarters is located in Hertford whilst the Training and Development Centre and Fire Control Centre are located in Stevenage. It is administered by a Fire Authority which is an internal part of Hertfordshire County Council. The Chief Fire Officer is Darryl Keen, assisted by Deputy Chief Fire Officer Chris Bigland. Title: Office of Science Education Passage: The Office of Science Education (OSE) of the United States National Institutes of Health plans, develops, and coordinates a comprehensive science education program to strengthen and enhance efforts of the NIH to attract young people to biomedical and behavioral science careers and to improve science literacy in both adults and children. Title: Franklin Institute Passage: The Franklin Institute is a science museum and the center of science education and research in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is named after the American scientist and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, and houses the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial. Founded in 1824, the Franklin Institute is one of the oldest centers of science education and development in the United States.	[ "William A. Gahl", "Office of Science Education" ]
2hop__829474_123956	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yang Meng was the third son of Yang Xingmi, a major warlord at the end of Tang Dynasty as the military governor (\"Jiedushi\") of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu). It is not known when he was born, although his immediately older brother Yang Longyan was born in 897 and his immediately younger brother Yang Pu was born in 900, placing a timeframe on his birth date. His mother's name was not recorded in history.", "title": "Yang Meng" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The battle was fought on Saturday, 22 December 624 (7 Shawwal AH 3 in the Islamic calendar) at the valley located in front of Mount Uhud. It occurred between a force from the Muslim community of Medina led by the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and a force led by Abu Sufyan ibn Harb from Mecca, the town from which many of the Muslims had previously emigrated. The Battle of Uhud was the second military encounter between the Meccans and the Muslims, preceded by the Battle of Badr in 624, where a small Muslim army had defeated a larger Meccan army.", "title": "Battle of Uhud" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Savenay took place on 23 December 1793, and marks the end of the Virée de Galerne operational phase of the first war in the Vendée after the French Revolution. A Republican force of approximately 18,000 decisively defeated the Armée Catholique et Royale force of 6,000 at Savenay.", "title": "Battle of Savenay" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clara Morris (March 17, 1849 – November 20, 1925) (her birth date is sometimes given as 1846/48) was an American actress.", "title": "Clara Morris" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Badr was a key battle in the early days of Islam and a turning point in Muhammad's struggle with his opponents among the Quraysh in Mecca. In the spring of 624, Muhammad received word from his intelligence sources that a trade caravan, commanded by Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Chieftain of the Meccan Quraysh, and guarded by thirty to forty men, was travelling from Syria back to Mecca. Muhammad gathered an army of 313 men, the largest army the Muslims had put in the field yet. However, many early Muslim sources, including the Quran, indicate that no serious fighting was expected, and the future Caliph Uthman ibn Affan stayed behind to care for his sick wife.", "title": "Medina" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. Historians have variously proposed Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BC, Caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 BC, and the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. However, most use the same date as did the ancient Romans themselves, the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic.", "title": "Roman Republic" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Muhammad Shobran (born July 6, 1983 in Palembang, South Sumatra) is an Indonesian footballer that currently plays for Sriwijaya in the Indonesia Super League.", "title": "Muhammad Shobran" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pir Syed Muhammad Binyamin Rizvi (Urdu: پیر سید محمد بنیامین رضوی)date of Birth 15 Aug 1959 date of Death 24 June 2004) was a Pakistani politician. He was the oldest son of Pir Syed Mohammad Yaqoob Shah (a famous spiritual and religious scholar, and member of provincial assembly who died on 31 August 1991). On 24 June 2004 he was brutally murdered in Lahore near his House. He is buried next to his father late Pir Syed Mohammad Yaqoob Shah in his home town Phalia.", "title": "Pir Syed Muhammad Binyamin Rizvi" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Muslims believe that the Quran was verbally revealed by God to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel (Jibril), gradually over a period of approximately 23 years, beginning on 22 December 609 CE, when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632, the year of his death. Muslims regard the Quran as the most important miracle of Muhammad, a proof of his prophethood, and the culmination of a series of divine messages that started with the messages revealed to Adam and ended with Muhammad. The word ``Quran ''occurs some 70 times in the text of the Quran, although different names and words are also said to be references to the Quran.", "title": "Quran" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Puebla (Spanish: Batalla de Puebla; French: Bataille de Puebla) took place on 5 May 1862, near Puebla City during the Second French intervention in Mexico. The battle ended in a victory for the Mexican Army over the occupying French soldiers. The French eventually overran the Mexicans in subsequent battles, but the Mexican victory at Puebla against a much better equipped and larger French army provided a significant morale boost to the Mexican army and also helped slow the French army's advance towards Mexico City.", "title": "Battle of Puebla" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of New Orleans was fought on Sunday, January 8, 1815, between the British Army under Major General Sir Edward Pakenham, and the United States Army under Brevet Major General Andrew Jackson. It took place approximately 5 miles (8.0 kilometres) south of the city of New Orleans, close to the present - day town of Chalmette, Louisiana, and was an American victory. The battle effectively marked the end of the War of 1812.", "title": "Battle of New Orleans" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ali was born inside the sacred sanctuary of the Kaaba in Mecca, the holiest place in Islam, to Abu Talib and Fatimah bint Asad. He was the first male who accepted Islam, and, according to some authors, the first Muslim. Ali protected Muhammad from an early age and took part in almost all the battles fought by the nascent Muslim community. After migrating to Medina, he married Muhammad's daughter Fatimah. He was appointed caliph by Muhammad's companions in 656, after Caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated. Ali's reign saw civil wars and in 661, he was attacked and assassinated by a Kharijite while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa, being martyred two days later.Ali is important to both Shias and Sunnis, politically and spiritually. The numerous biographical sources about Ali are often biased according to sectarian lines, but they agree that he was a pious Muslim, devoted to the cause of Islam and a just ruler in accordance with the Qur'an and the Sunnah. While Sunnis consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun (rightly guided) caliphs, Shia Muslims regard Ali as the first Imam after Muhammad due to their interpretation of the events at Ghadir Khumm. Shia Muslims also believe that Ali and the other Shia Imams (all of whom are from the Ahl al-Bayt, Muhammad's household) are the rightful successors to Muhammad. Ali has also received recognition from a variety of non-Muslim organizations, such as the United Nations and the World Organization for Human Rights, for his governance and social justice.", "title": "Ali" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Muhammad's first revelation was an event described in Islam as taking place in 610 AD, during which the Islamic prophet, Muhammad was visited by the archangel Jibrīl, who revealed to him the beginnings of what would later become the Quran. The event took place in a cave called Hira, located on the mountain Jabal an - Nour, near Mecca.", "title": "Muhammad's first revelation" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his \"Method for the mandolin\" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period.", "title": "Giovanni Cifolelli" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While the Umayyads and the Hashimites may have had bitterness between the two clans before Muhammad, the rivalry turned into a severe case of tribal animosity after the Battle of Badr. The battle saw three top leaders of the Umayyad clan (Utba ibn Rabi'ah, Walid ibn Utbah and Shaybah) killed by Hashimites (Ali, Hamza ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib and Ubaydah ibn al-Harith) in a three-on-three melee. This fueled the opposition of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, the grandson of Umayya, to Muhammad and to Islam. Abu Sufyan sought to exterminate the adherents of the new religion by waging another battle with Muslims based in Medina only a year after the Battle of Badr. He did this to avenge the defeat at Badr. The Battle of Uhud is generally believed by scholars to be the first defeat for the Muslims, as they had incurred greater losses than the Meccans. After the battle, Abu Sufyan's wife Hind, who was also the daughter of Utba ibn Rabi'ah, is reported to have cut open the corpse of Hamza, taking out his liver which she then attempted to eat. Within five years after his defeat in the Battle of Uhud, however, Muhammad took control of Mecca and announced a general amnesty for all. Abu Sufyan and his wife Hind embraced Islam on the eve of the conquest of Mecca, as did their son (the future caliph Muawiyah I).", "title": "Umayyad Caliphate" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rubai Ali's NF joined with other parties in 1975, creating the United Political Organisation NF (التنظيم السياسي الموحد الجبهة القومية), all rival parties were outlawed earlier. He opposed the idea of the Yemeni Socialist Party's (YSP) future creation promoted by Abdul Fattah Ismail. He appointed Muhammad Ali Haitham as his Prime Minister when he became Chairman. Haitham served until August 1971, when he was replaced by Ali Nasir Muhammad. In 1978, Ali Nasir Muhammad overthrew and executed Rubai Ali, after a short battle which took place in Almodowar Palace, located in At-Tawahi, Aden, which Rubai Ali used as a fortification.", "title": "Salim Rubai Ali" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rue d'Austerlitz is a street in the 4th arrondissement of Lyon, in La Croix-Rousse quarter. It begins on the rue du Mail, at the corner of Place de la Croix-Rousse, crosses the rue du Pavilion, the rue de Belfort and the rue Aimé Boussange, and ends on Place Bellevue. Its name refers to the Battle of Austerlitz, one of the greatest victories of Napoleon. There are metro and velo'v stations.", "title": "Rue d'Austerlitz" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tengku Muhammad Ismail was born on 1 March 1998 as the second child and first son of Tengku Mizan Zainal Abidin, the \"Yang di-Pertuan Muda\" (Crown Prince) of Terengganu, and Sultanah Nur Zahirah. His father became the Sultan of Terengganu shortly after his birth, after which his mother became known as Permaisuri Nur Zahirah.", "title": "Tengku Muhammad Ismail" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Leuven was a battle of the Ten Days' Campaign during the Belgian Revolution. The battle took place on 12 August and officially ended on 13 August 1831. The Dutch army defeated the Belgian rebels, but were forced to withdraw in order to avoid war with France, as a large French army under Maréchal Gérard had crossed the border to support the Belgian rebels. They concluded a truce with the Belgians, allowing them to take the city for a few hours on 13 August.", "title": "Battle of Leuven (1831)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Palembang was a battle of the Pacific theatre of World War II. It occurred near Palembang, on Sumatra, on 13–15 February 1942. The Royal Dutch Shell oil refineries at nearby Pladju (or Pladjoe) were the major objectives for the Empire of Japan in the Pacific War, because of an oil embargo imposed on Japan by the United States, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. With the area's abundant fuel supply and airfield, Palembang offered significant potential as a military base to both the Allies and the Japanese.", "title": "Battle of Palembang" } ]	On what date was the battle where Muhammad Shobran was born?	15 February 1942	[]	Title: Pir Syed Muhammad Binyamin Rizvi Passage: Pir Syed Muhammad Binyamin Rizvi (Urdu: پیر سید محمد بنیامین رضوی)date of Birth 15 Aug 1959 date of Death 24 June 2004) was a Pakistani politician. He was the oldest son of Pir Syed Mohammad Yaqoob Shah (a famous spiritual and religious scholar, and member of provincial assembly who died on 31 August 1991). On 24 June 2004 he was brutally murdered in Lahore near his House. He is buried next to his father late Pir Syed Mohammad Yaqoob Shah in his home town Phalia. Title: Yang Meng Passage: Yang Meng was the third son of Yang Xingmi, a major warlord at the end of Tang Dynasty as the military governor ("Jiedushi") of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu). It is not known when he was born, although his immediately older brother Yang Longyan was born in 897 and his immediately younger brother Yang Pu was born in 900, placing a timeframe on his birth date. His mother's name was not recorded in history. Title: Clara Morris Passage: Clara Morris (March 17, 1849 – November 20, 1925) (her birth date is sometimes given as 1846/48) was an American actress. Title: Ali Passage: Ali was born inside the sacred sanctuary of the Kaaba in Mecca, the holiest place in Islam, to Abu Talib and Fatimah bint Asad. He was the first male who accepted Islam, and, according to some authors, the first Muslim. Ali protected Muhammad from an early age and took part in almost all the battles fought by the nascent Muslim community. After migrating to Medina, he married Muhammad's daughter Fatimah. He was appointed caliph by Muhammad's companions in 656, after Caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated. Ali's reign saw civil wars and in 661, he was attacked and assassinated by a Kharijite while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa, being martyred two days later.Ali is important to both Shias and Sunnis, politically and spiritually. The numerous biographical sources about Ali are often biased according to sectarian lines, but they agree that he was a pious Muslim, devoted to the cause of Islam and a just ruler in accordance with the Qur'an and the Sunnah. While Sunnis consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun (rightly guided) caliphs, Shia Muslims regard Ali as the first Imam after Muhammad due to their interpretation of the events at Ghadir Khumm. Shia Muslims also believe that Ali and the other Shia Imams (all of whom are from the Ahl al-Bayt, Muhammad's household) are the rightful successors to Muhammad. Ali has also received recognition from a variety of non-Muslim organizations, such as the United Nations and the World Organization for Human Rights, for his governance and social justice. Title: Rue d'Austerlitz Passage: The Rue d'Austerlitz is a street in the 4th arrondissement of Lyon, in La Croix-Rousse quarter. It begins on the rue du Mail, at the corner of Place de la Croix-Rousse, crosses the rue du Pavilion, the rue de Belfort and the rue Aimé Boussange, and ends on Place Bellevue. Its name refers to the Battle of Austerlitz, one of the greatest victories of Napoleon. There are metro and velo'v stations. Title: Muhammad's first revelation Passage: Muhammad's first revelation was an event described in Islam as taking place in 610 AD, during which the Islamic prophet, Muhammad was visited by the archangel Jibrīl, who revealed to him the beginnings of what would later become the Quran. The event took place in a cave called Hira, located on the mountain Jabal an - Nour, near Mecca. Title: Salim Rubai Ali Passage: Rubai Ali's NF joined with other parties in 1975, creating the United Political Organisation NF (التنظيم السياسي الموحد الجبهة القومية), all rival parties were outlawed earlier. He opposed the idea of the Yemeni Socialist Party's (YSP) future creation promoted by Abdul Fattah Ismail. He appointed Muhammad Ali Haitham as his Prime Minister when he became Chairman. Haitham served until August 1971, when he was replaced by Ali Nasir Muhammad. In 1978, Ali Nasir Muhammad overthrew and executed Rubai Ali, after a short battle which took place in Almodowar Palace, located in At-Tawahi, Aden, which Rubai Ali used as a fortification. Title: Muhammad Shobran Passage: Muhammad Shobran (born July 6, 1983 in Palembang, South Sumatra) is an Indonesian footballer that currently plays for Sriwijaya in the Indonesia Super League. Title: Battle of Savenay Passage: The Battle of Savenay took place on 23 December 1793, and marks the end of the Virée de Galerne operational phase of the first war in the Vendée after the French Revolution. A Republican force of approximately 18,000 decisively defeated the Armée Catholique et Royale force of 6,000 at Savenay. Title: Battle of Palembang Passage: The Battle of Palembang was a battle of the Pacific theatre of World War II. It occurred near Palembang, on Sumatra, on 13–15 February 1942. The Royal Dutch Shell oil refineries at nearby Pladju (or Pladjoe) were the major objectives for the Empire of Japan in the Pacific War, because of an oil embargo imposed on Japan by the United States, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. With the area's abundant fuel supply and airfield, Palembang offered significant potential as a military base to both the Allies and the Japanese. Title: Battle of Uhud Passage: The battle was fought on Saturday, 22 December 624 (7 Shawwal AH 3 in the Islamic calendar) at the valley located in front of Mount Uhud. It occurred between a force from the Muslim community of Medina led by the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and a force led by Abu Sufyan ibn Harb from Mecca, the town from which many of the Muslims had previously emigrated. The Battle of Uhud was the second military encounter between the Meccans and the Muslims, preceded by the Battle of Badr in 624, where a small Muslim army had defeated a larger Meccan army. Title: Battle of Puebla Passage: The Battle of Puebla (Spanish: Batalla de Puebla; French: Bataille de Puebla) took place on 5 May 1862, near Puebla City during the Second French intervention in Mexico. The battle ended in a victory for the Mexican Army over the occupying French soldiers. The French eventually overran the Mexicans in subsequent battles, but the Mexican victory at Puebla against a much better equipped and larger French army provided a significant morale boost to the Mexican army and also helped slow the French army's advance towards Mexico City. Title: Giovanni Cifolelli Passage: Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his "Method for the mandolin" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period. Title: Quran Passage: Muslims believe that the Quran was verbally revealed by God to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel (Jibril), gradually over a period of approximately 23 years, beginning on 22 December 609 CE, when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632, the year of his death. Muslims regard the Quran as the most important miracle of Muhammad, a proof of his prophethood, and the culmination of a series of divine messages that started with the messages revealed to Adam and ended with Muhammad. The word ``Quran ''occurs some 70 times in the text of the Quran, although different names and words are also said to be references to the Quran. Title: Battle of Leuven (1831) Passage: The Battle of Leuven was a battle of the Ten Days' Campaign during the Belgian Revolution. The battle took place on 12 August and officially ended on 13 August 1831. The Dutch army defeated the Belgian rebels, but were forced to withdraw in order to avoid war with France, as a large French army under Maréchal Gérard had crossed the border to support the Belgian rebels. They concluded a truce with the Belgians, allowing them to take the city for a few hours on 13 August. Title: Medina Passage: The Battle of Badr was a key battle in the early days of Islam and a turning point in Muhammad's struggle with his opponents among the Quraysh in Mecca. In the spring of 624, Muhammad received word from his intelligence sources that a trade caravan, commanded by Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Chieftain of the Meccan Quraysh, and guarded by thirty to forty men, was travelling from Syria back to Mecca. Muhammad gathered an army of 313 men, the largest army the Muslims had put in the field yet. However, many early Muslim sources, including the Quran, indicate that no serious fighting was expected, and the future Caliph Uthman ibn Affan stayed behind to care for his sick wife. Title: Roman Republic Passage: The exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. Historians have variously proposed Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BC, Caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 BC, and the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. However, most use the same date as did the ancient Romans themselves, the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic. Title: Battle of New Orleans Passage: The Battle of New Orleans was fought on Sunday, January 8, 1815, between the British Army under Major General Sir Edward Pakenham, and the United States Army under Brevet Major General Andrew Jackson. It took place approximately 5 miles (8.0 kilometres) south of the city of New Orleans, close to the present - day town of Chalmette, Louisiana, and was an American victory. The battle effectively marked the end of the War of 1812. Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: While the Umayyads and the Hashimites may have had bitterness between the two clans before Muhammad, the rivalry turned into a severe case of tribal animosity after the Battle of Badr. The battle saw three top leaders of the Umayyad clan (Utba ibn Rabi'ah, Walid ibn Utbah and Shaybah) killed by Hashimites (Ali, Hamza ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib and Ubaydah ibn al-Harith) in a three-on-three melee. This fueled the opposition of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, the grandson of Umayya, to Muhammad and to Islam. Abu Sufyan sought to exterminate the adherents of the new religion by waging another battle with Muslims based in Medina only a year after the Battle of Badr. He did this to avenge the defeat at Badr. The Battle of Uhud is generally believed by scholars to be the first defeat for the Muslims, as they had incurred greater losses than the Meccans. After the battle, Abu Sufyan's wife Hind, who was also the daughter of Utba ibn Rabi'ah, is reported to have cut open the corpse of Hamza, taking out his liver which she then attempted to eat. Within five years after his defeat in the Battle of Uhud, however, Muhammad took control of Mecca and announced a general amnesty for all. Abu Sufyan and his wife Hind embraced Islam on the eve of the conquest of Mecca, as did their son (the future caliph Muawiyah I). Title: Tengku Muhammad Ismail Passage: Tengku Muhammad Ismail was born on 1 March 1998 as the second child and first son of Tengku Mizan Zainal Abidin, the "Yang di-Pertuan Muda" (Crown Prince) of Terengganu, and Sultanah Nur Zahirah. His father became the Sultan of Terengganu shortly after his birth, after which his mother became known as Permaisuri Nur Zahirah.	[ "Muhammad Shobran", "Battle of Palembang" ]
2hop__169443_83769	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sadie Plant left the University of Warwick in 1997 to write full-time. She published a cultural history of drug use and control, and a report on the social effects of mobile phones, as well as articles in publications as varied as the \"Financial Times\", \"Wired\", \"Blueprint\", and \"Dazed and Confused\". She published the book Z\"eros + Ones\" in 1997, in which she reveals how women's role in programming have been overlooked. She was interviewed as one of the 'People to Watch' in the Winter 2000–2001 issue of \"Time\".", "title": "Sadie Plant" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2007, Mattel introduced a two - tiered Treasure Hunt system. A regular Treasure Hunt will feature normal enamel paint and normal wheels like other Hot Wheels cars. The production of these is rumored to be greater than previous T - Hunts. ``Super ''Treasure Hunts are much harder to find. Like Treasure Hunts of the past, a Super Treasure Hunt features premium wheels and Spectraflame paint, as well as (starting in 2015), a golden - colored circle - flame logo printed on the card behind the car. Many Hot Wheels Collectors have noticed in recent times that the US Basic mixes are more likely to have a Super Treasure Hunt in them compared to International Mixes.", "title": "Hot Wheels" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Titanic won a record - tying eleven awards including Best Director for James Cameron and Best Picture. Other winners included As Good as It Gets, Good Will Hunting and L.A. Confidential with two awards, and The Full Monty, Geri's Game, Karakter, The Long Way Home, Visas and Virtue, Men in Black and A Story of Healing with one. The telecast garnered more than 57 million viewers in the United States, making it the most watched Oscars broadcast in history.", "title": "70th Academy Awards" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "My School Daze (simplified Chinese: 书包太重) is a Singaporean Chinese drama which was telecasted on Singapore's free-to-air channel, Mediacorp Channel 8. It made its debut on 29 April 2009 and ended on 26 May 2009. This drama serial consists of 20 episodes, and was screened on every weekday night at 9:00 pm. It reflects the education system in Singapore.", "title": "My School Daze" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Matthew McConaughey (; born November 4, 1969) is an American actor and producer. He first gained notice for his supporting performance in the coming-of-age comedy Dazed and Confused (1993), which is considered by many to be the actor's breakout role . After a number of supporting roles in films including Angels in the Outfield and Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (1994), McConaughey's breakthrough performance as a leading man came in the legal drama A Time to Kill (1996). He followed this with leading performances in the science fiction film Contact and the historical drama Amistad (1997), the comedy-drama The Newton Boys (1998), the satire EDtv (1999), the war drama U-571 (2000) and the psychological thriller Frailty (2001).", "title": "Matthew McConaughey" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rhys Adrian Griffiths (28 February 1928 – 8 February 1990) was a British playwright and screenwriter. He is best known for his radio plays, which are characterised by their emphasis upon dialogue rather than narrative.", "title": "Rhys Adrian" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Damon and Ben Affleck wrote \"Good Will Hunting\" (1997), a screenplay about a young math genius, which received nine Academy Awards nominations, earning Damon and Affleck Oscars and Golden Globes for Best Screenplay. Damon was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for the same film. Since then he has received dozens of nominations and awards for his work as an actor, screenwriter, and producer including the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his role in \"The Martian\".", "title": "List of awards and nominations received by Matt Damon" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lewis James Hunt (born 25 August 1982 in Birmingham, West Midlands) is an English footballer who last played for Sutton United.", "title": "Lewis Hunt" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kyan Khojandi (born 29 August 1982 in Reims, France) is a French comedian, actor and screenwriter born to a French mother and an Iranian father. He is best known for playing the main character in the television series \"Bref\", which was broadcast on Canal+ from 2011 to 2012.", "title": "Kyan Khojandi" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film, directed by Gus Van Sant, and starring Robin Williams, Matt Damon, Ben Affleck, Minnie Driver and Stellan Skarsgård. Written by Affleck and Damon (and with Damon in the title role), the film follows 20 - year - old South Boston laborer Will Hunting, an unrecognized genius who, as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer, becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor. Through his therapy sessions, Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend, his girlfriend and himself, facing the significant task of confronting his past and thinking about his future.", "title": "Good Will Hunting" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christin Hinojosa (married name Kirschenbaum; born October 3, 1975) is an American actress best known for her role as Sabrina in \"Dazed and Confused\". After a few other small roles in films and on television, Hinojosa left acting in the late 1990s and became an anti-war activist. In 2004, as a member of the American Friends Service Committee, she was the first coordinator of the Eyes Wide Open installation in Chicago. She currently works as Director of Communications for Solidarity Bridge, a Christian medical charity focused on Latin America.", "title": "Christin Hinojosa" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paul Augustine Leyden (born 16 December 1972) is an Australian actor, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for playing the role of Simon Frasier on the daytime soap opera As the World Turns. He played Simon in the 2009 mini series ``Maneater ''. He also had a brief stint on The Young and the Restless as`` Blake''.", "title": "Paul Leyden" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Furthermore, evidence exists that hunting may have been one of the multiple environmental factors leading to extinctions of the holocene megafauna and their replacement by smaller herbivores. North American megafauna extinction was coincidental with the Younger Dryas impact event, possibly making hunting a less critical factor in prehistoric species loss than had been previously thought. However, in other locations such as Australia, humans are thought to have played a very significant role in the extinction of the Australian megafauna that was widespread prior to human occupation.", "title": "Hunting" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Howland Hunt (14 March 1862 — 12 July 1931) was an American architect and member of the notable Hunt family of Vermont, who worked in partnership with his brother Joseph Howland Hunt (1870 — 11 October 1924) in New York City, as Hunt & Hunt. The brothers were sons of the first American Beaux-Arts architect, Richard Morris Hunt (1827–1895). Richard practiced in his father's office until the elder Hunt's death in July 1895, and continued, not without initial resistance on the part of trustees, to carry out his father's designs for the central block of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. After a brief interval, the brothers formed a partnership in 1901 that was only terminated by Joseph's death in 1924.", "title": "Richard Howland Hunt" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Benjamin Franklin Hunt (November 10, 1888 – September 27, 1927) was a starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Boston Red Sox () and St. Louis Cardinals (). Listed at , 190 lb., Hunt batted and threw left-handed. He was born in Eufaula, Oklahoma.", "title": "Ben Hunt (baseball)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacques Audiard (; born 30 April 1952) is a French film director and screenwriter. He is the son of Michel Audiard, also a film director and screenwriter.", "title": "Jacques Audiard" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael H. S. Good (1 July 1875 – after 1904), sometimes known as Micky Good, was a Scottish professional footballer who made 71 appearances in the Football League playing for Small Heath, Preston North End and Bristol City.", "title": "Michael Good (footballer)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Freshman Mitch Kramer (Wiley Wiggins) escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett (Esteban Powell), but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion (Ben Affleck), a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's (Shawn Andrews) parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectual trio of Cynthia Dunn (Marissa Ribisi), Tony Olson (Anthony Rapp), and Mike Newhouse (Adam Goldberg) decide to participate in the evening's activities. Pink and his friend David Wooderson (Matthew McConaughey), a man in his early 20s who still socializes with high school students, pick up Mitch and head for the Emporium, a pool hall frequented by teenagers.", "title": "Dazed and Confused (film)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ian Whyte as The Predator, ``Scar '', one of three Predators who come to Earth to create and hunt Aliens within the pyramid as a rite of passage. Whyte played the lead Predator, called Scar in the film's credits due to the Predator marking himself with the Alien's acidic blood. Whyte also played the two Predators Chopper and Celtic.", "title": "Alien vs. Predator (film)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowhood, Victoria spent the Christmas of 1900 at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. Rheumatism in her legs had rendered her lame, and her eyesight was clouded by cataracts. Through early January, she felt \"weak and unwell\", and by mid-January she was \"drowsy ... dazed, [and] confused\". She died on Tuesday, 22 January 1901, at half past six in the evening, at the age of 81. Her son and successor King Edward VII, and her eldest grandson, Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany, were at her deathbed. Her favourite pet Pomeranian, Turri, was laid upon her deathbed as a last request.", "title": "Queen Victoria" } ]	Who did the screenwriter for Good Will Hunting play in Dazed and Confused?	Fred O'Bannion	[]	Title: Christin Hinojosa Passage: Christin Hinojosa (married name Kirschenbaum; born October 3, 1975) is an American actress best known for her role as Sabrina in "Dazed and Confused". After a few other small roles in films and on television, Hinojosa left acting in the late 1990s and became an anti-war activist. In 2004, as a member of the American Friends Service Committee, she was the first coordinator of the Eyes Wide Open installation in Chicago. She currently works as Director of Communications for Solidarity Bridge, a Christian medical charity focused on Latin America. Title: Hunting Passage: Furthermore, evidence exists that hunting may have been one of the multiple environmental factors leading to extinctions of the holocene megafauna and their replacement by smaller herbivores. North American megafauna extinction was coincidental with the Younger Dryas impact event, possibly making hunting a less critical factor in prehistoric species loss than had been previously thought. However, in other locations such as Australia, humans are thought to have played a very significant role in the extinction of the Australian megafauna that was widespread prior to human occupation. Title: Alien vs. Predator (film) Passage: Ian Whyte as The Predator, ``Scar '', one of three Predators who come to Earth to create and hunt Aliens within the pyramid as a rite of passage. Whyte played the lead Predator, called Scar in the film's credits due to the Predator marking himself with the Alien's acidic blood. Whyte also played the two Predators Chopper and Celtic. Title: Ben Hunt (baseball) Passage: Benjamin Franklin Hunt (November 10, 1888 – September 27, 1927) was a starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Boston Red Sox () and St. Louis Cardinals (). Listed at , 190 lb., Hunt batted and threw left-handed. He was born in Eufaula, Oklahoma. Title: Dazed and Confused (film) Passage: Freshman Mitch Kramer (Wiley Wiggins) escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett (Esteban Powell), but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion (Ben Affleck), a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's (Shawn Andrews) parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectual trio of Cynthia Dunn (Marissa Ribisi), Tony Olson (Anthony Rapp), and Mike Newhouse (Adam Goldberg) decide to participate in the evening's activities. Pink and his friend David Wooderson (Matthew McConaughey), a man in his early 20s who still socializes with high school students, pick up Mitch and head for the Emporium, a pool hall frequented by teenagers. Title: My School Daze Passage: My School Daze (simplified Chinese: 书包太重) is a Singaporean Chinese drama which was telecasted on Singapore's free-to-air channel, Mediacorp Channel 8. It made its debut on 29 April 2009 and ended on 26 May 2009. This drama serial consists of 20 episodes, and was screened on every weekday night at 9:00 pm. It reflects the education system in Singapore. Title: Sadie Plant Passage: Sadie Plant left the University of Warwick in 1997 to write full-time. She published a cultural history of drug use and control, and a report on the social effects of mobile phones, as well as articles in publications as varied as the "Financial Times", "Wired", "Blueprint", and "Dazed and Confused". She published the book Z"eros + Ones" in 1997, in which she reveals how women's role in programming have been overlooked. She was interviewed as one of the 'People to Watch' in the Winter 2000–2001 issue of "Time". Title: Lewis Hunt Passage: Lewis James Hunt (born 25 August 1982 in Birmingham, West Midlands) is an English footballer who last played for Sutton United. Title: Rhys Adrian Passage: Rhys Adrian Griffiths (28 February 1928 – 8 February 1990) was a British playwright and screenwriter. He is best known for his radio plays, which are characterised by their emphasis upon dialogue rather than narrative. Title: Paul Leyden Passage: Paul Augustine Leyden (born 16 December 1972) is an Australian actor, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for playing the role of Simon Frasier on the daytime soap opera As the World Turns. He played Simon in the 2009 mini series ``Maneater ''. He also had a brief stint on The Young and the Restless as`` Blake''. Title: Michael Good (footballer) Passage: Michael H. S. Good (1 July 1875 – after 1904), sometimes known as Micky Good, was a Scottish professional footballer who made 71 appearances in the Football League playing for Small Heath, Preston North End and Bristol City. Title: Good Will Hunting Passage: Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film, directed by Gus Van Sant, and starring Robin Williams, Matt Damon, Ben Affleck, Minnie Driver and Stellan Skarsgård. Written by Affleck and Damon (and with Damon in the title role), the film follows 20 - year - old South Boston laborer Will Hunting, an unrecognized genius who, as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer, becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor. Through his therapy sessions, Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend, his girlfriend and himself, facing the significant task of confronting his past and thinking about his future. Title: Richard Howland Hunt Passage: Richard Howland Hunt (14 March 1862 — 12 July 1931) was an American architect and member of the notable Hunt family of Vermont, who worked in partnership with his brother Joseph Howland Hunt (1870 — 11 October 1924) in New York City, as Hunt & Hunt. The brothers were sons of the first American Beaux-Arts architect, Richard Morris Hunt (1827–1895). Richard practiced in his father's office until the elder Hunt's death in July 1895, and continued, not without initial resistance on the part of trustees, to carry out his father's designs for the central block of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. After a brief interval, the brothers formed a partnership in 1901 that was only terminated by Joseph's death in 1924. Title: Hot Wheels Passage: In 2007, Mattel introduced a two - tiered Treasure Hunt system. A regular Treasure Hunt will feature normal enamel paint and normal wheels like other Hot Wheels cars. The production of these is rumored to be greater than previous T - Hunts. ``Super ''Treasure Hunts are much harder to find. Like Treasure Hunts of the past, a Super Treasure Hunt features premium wheels and Spectraflame paint, as well as (starting in 2015), a golden - colored circle - flame logo printed on the card behind the car. Many Hot Wheels Collectors have noticed in recent times that the US Basic mixes are more likely to have a Super Treasure Hunt in them compared to International Mixes. Title: Queen Victoria Passage: Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowhood, Victoria spent the Christmas of 1900 at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. Rheumatism in her legs had rendered her lame, and her eyesight was clouded by cataracts. Through early January, she felt "weak and unwell", and by mid-January she was "drowsy ... dazed, [and] confused". She died on Tuesday, 22 January 1901, at half past six in the evening, at the age of 81. Her son and successor King Edward VII, and her eldest grandson, Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany, were at her deathbed. Her favourite pet Pomeranian, Turri, was laid upon her deathbed as a last request. Title: List of awards and nominations received by Matt Damon Passage: Damon and Ben Affleck wrote "Good Will Hunting" (1997), a screenplay about a young math genius, which received nine Academy Awards nominations, earning Damon and Affleck Oscars and Golden Globes for Best Screenplay. Damon was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for the same film. Since then he has received dozens of nominations and awards for his work as an actor, screenwriter, and producer including the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his role in "The Martian". Title: Jacques Audiard Passage: Jacques Audiard (; born 30 April 1952) is a French film director and screenwriter. He is the son of Michel Audiard, also a film director and screenwriter. Title: Matthew McConaughey Passage: Matthew McConaughey (; born November 4, 1969) is an American actor and producer. He first gained notice for his supporting performance in the coming-of-age comedy Dazed and Confused (1993), which is considered by many to be the actor's breakout role . After a number of supporting roles in films including Angels in the Outfield and Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (1994), McConaughey's breakthrough performance as a leading man came in the legal drama A Time to Kill (1996). He followed this with leading performances in the science fiction film Contact and the historical drama Amistad (1997), the comedy-drama The Newton Boys (1998), the satire EDtv (1999), the war drama U-571 (2000) and the psychological thriller Frailty (2001). Title: Kyan Khojandi Passage: Kyan Khojandi (born 29 August 1982 in Reims, France) is a French comedian, actor and screenwriter born to a French mother and an Iranian father. He is best known for playing the main character in the television series "Bref", which was broadcast on Canal+ from 2011 to 2012. Title: 70th Academy Awards Passage: Titanic won a record - tying eleven awards including Best Director for James Cameron and Best Picture. Other winners included As Good as It Gets, Good Will Hunting and L.A. Confidential with two awards, and The Full Monty, Geri's Game, Karakter, The Long Way Home, Visas and Virtue, Men in Black and A Story of Healing with one. The telecast garnered more than 57 million viewers in the United States, making it the most watched Oscars broadcast in history.	[ "List of awards and nominations received by Matt Damon", "Dazed and Confused (film)" ]
2hop__57638_90991	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anderson attended Alonzo A. Crim High School in Atlanta, then played basketball at the University of Georgia. He was drafted in the second round (54th overall) of the 1996 NBA draft by the Utah Jazz, and played for the Jazz, the Houston Rockets, the New York Knicks and the Heat. His best season was in 1999–2000, when he averaged 12.3 points per game with the Rockets. His career average is 7.8 points per game.", "title": "Shandon Anderson" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albert Burditt (born May 15, 1972) is an American basketball player who played for four years at the University of Texas at Austin, before being drafted by the Houston Rockets in the 1994 NBA draft. However, he did not play in the NBA. Burditt played for the Oklahoma City Cavalry of the Continental Basketball Association in the 1994–1995 season, averaging 8.4 points and 8.1 rebounds per game. Burditt played professionally in the CBA and nine other countries.", "title": "Albert Burditt" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As a freshman in coach Dean Smith's team - oriented system, he was named ACC Freshman of the Year after he averaged 13.4 points per game (ppg) on 53.4% shooting (field goal percentage). He made the game - winning jump shot in the 1982 NCAA Championship game against Georgetown, which was led by future NBA rival Patrick Ewing. Jordan later described this shot as the major turning point in his basketball career. During his three seasons at North Carolina, he averaged 17.7 ppg on 54.0% shooting, and added 5.0 rebounds per game (rpg). He was selected by consensus to the NCAA All - American First Team in both his sophomore (1983) and junior (1984) seasons. After winning the Naismith and the Wooden College Player of the Year awards in 1984, Jordan left North Carolina one year before his scheduled graduation to enter the 1984 NBA draft. The Chicago Bulls selected Jordan with the third overall pick, after Hakeem Olajuwon (Houston Rockets) and Sam Bowie (Portland Trail Blazers). One of the primary reasons why Jordan was not drafted sooner was because the first two teams were in need of a center. However, Trail Blazers general manager Stu Inman contended that it was not a matter of drafting a center, but more a matter of taking Sam Bowie over Jordan, in part because Portland already had Clyde Drexler, who was a guard with similar skills to Jordan. ESPN, citing Bowie's injury - laden college career, named the Blazers' choice of Bowie as the worst draft pick in North American professional sports history. Jordan returned to North Carolina to complete his degree in 1986. He graduated the same year with a Bachelor of Arts degree in geography.", "title": "Michael Jordan" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rik Smits (born August 23, 1966), nicknamed \"the Dunking Dutchman\", is a Dutch retired professional basketball player who spent his entire career with the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) The center was drafted by the Pacers out of Marist College with the second overall pick in the 1988 NBA draft. An NBA All-Star in 1998, Smits reached the NBA Finals in 2000.", "title": "Rik Smits" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Wilt Chamberlain holds the all - time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961 -- 62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959 -- 60 season. Among active players, Kevin Durant has the highest point total (2,593) and the highest scoring average (32.0) in a season; both were achieved in the 2013 -- 14 season.", "title": "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marcus Osmond Smart (born March 6, 1994) is an American professional basketball player for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Oklahoma State Cowboys before being drafted with the sixth overall pick in the 2014 NBA draft.", "title": "Marcus Smart" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With career averages of 25.0 points, 5.2 rebounds, 4.7 assists, and 1.4 steals per game, he is considered one of the most complete players in NBA history. He was the first player in NBA history to have at least 30,000 career points and 6,000 career assists, and is one of only four players with 25,000 points, 6,000 rebounds and 6,000 assists. Bryant led the NBA in scoring during the 2005 -- 06 and 2006 -- 07 seasons. His 81 - point performance against Toronto in 2006 was the second - highest in NBA history, behind only Chamberlain's 100. He has scored at least 50 points 24 times in his career, which is third in league history behind Jordan (31) and Chamberlain (118); six times Bryant scored at least 60. He was just the third player in NBA history to average 40 points in a calendar month, which he has accomplished four times. Bryant was voted the league MVP in 2008 and led his team to the 2008 NBA Finals as the first seed in the Western Conference. In the 2008 Summer Olympics, he won a gold medal as a member of the U.S. men's basketball team, occasionally referred to as ``The Redeem Team ''. He won another gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He led the Lakers to two more championships in 2009 and 2010, winning the Finals MVP award on both occasions.", "title": "Kobe Bryant" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Dallas, Texas, Sasser graduated from Justin F. Kimball High School and played college basketball at Southern Methodist University. He was selected by the Orlando Magic as the 22nd pick in the 2001 NBA Draft. In two seasons for the Magic (his only in the NBA) he averaged 2.5 points per game.", "title": "Jeryl Sasser" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2016 NBA draft was held on June 23, 2016, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn. It was televised nationally in the U.S. by ESPN, and was live streamed for the first time in NBA draft history by The Vertical. National Basketball Association (NBA) teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. The draft lottery took place during the playoffs, on May 17, 2016. This was the first time since the lottery system was introduced in 1985 that all NBA teams that missed out on the playoffs remained in the exact spots they were designated, meaning the 10 - win / 72 - loss Philadelphia 76ers received the No. 1 pick, the Los Angeles Lakers kept the No. 2 pick, the Boston Celtics via the Brooklyn Nets got the No. 3 pick, and everyone else stayed in their same spots based on the regular season standings from the 2015 -- 16 season.", "title": "2016 NBA draft" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Winters attended academic and athletic powerhouse Archbishop Molloy High School in Queens, New York, graduating in 1970. He then played collegiately with the University of South Carolina and was the 12th pick in the 1974 NBA Draft, taken by the Los Angeles Lakers. He made the NBA All-Rookie Team with the Lakers, and was then traded to the Milwaukee Bucks as part of the trade that brought Kareem Abdul-Jabbar to the Lakers. He had a productive nine-year career that included two appearances in the NBA All-Star Game and playing on six playoffs teams. Winters averaged 16.2 points and 4.1 assists over his career, with his best years coming from 1975 to 1979 when he averaged over 19 points and slightly less than 5 assists per game. His number 32 was retired by the Bucks. In a 2005 interview, Michael Jordan singled out Winters as the best \"pure shooter\" in history, claiming that \"he had the most beautiful stroke of all the people whom [he could] think of.\"", "title": "Brian Winters" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Despite having the lowest odds, the Orlando Magic surprisingly won the first pick in the 1993 NBA Draft Lottery. It was the second year in a row the Magic won the draft lottery. The Magic drafted Chris Webber with the number one overall pick, but only minutes later, executed a blockbuster trade. The Magic traded Webber to the Golden State Warriors for their first round pick (# 3 overall) Penny Hardaway and three of Golden State's future first - round draft selections.", "title": "1993 NBA draft" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Hubert Farmer (born September 23, 1964) is a retired American professional basketball player who was drafted by the Dallas Mavericks in the first round (20th pick overall) of the 1987 NBA draft. Farmer, a 6'4\" 190 lb small forward, played for the Mavericks, Utah Jazz, Seattle SuperSonics, Philadelphia 76ers, and Denver Nuggets in 5 NBA seasons. His best stint as an NBA player was during the 1990-91 season when he appeared in 25 games for the Nuggets and averaged 10.0 ppg. He played collegiately at the University of Alabama.", "title": "Jim Farmer" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Duane Causwell (born May 31, 1968) is an American retired professional basketball player who was selected by the Sacramento Kings with the 18th overall pick of the 1990 NBA draft. He played 11 years in the National Basketball Association for the Kings and the Miami Heat averaging 4.9 ppg in his career. Causwell played college basketball at Temple University.", "title": "Duane Causwell" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Jazz's attendance declined slightly after the team's move from New Orleans to Utah, due to a late approval for the move (June 1979) and poor marketing in the Salt Lake City area. The team's management made the first of several moves in 1979, bringing high - scoring forward Adrian Dantley to Utah in exchange for Spencer Haywood. Dantley averaged 28.0 points per game during the 1979 -- 80 season, allowing the team to waive Pete Maravich early in the year. The team struggled to a 24 -- 58 mark, but was rewarded with the second overall pick in the 1980 NBA draft, which they used to pick Darrell Griffith of Louisville, another piece of the rebuilding puzzle.", "title": "Utah Jazz" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 6'8\" forward, Henderson played at the University of Georgia during the 1980s and was selected by the Atlanta Hawks in the second round of the 1986 NBA Draft. He split the 1986-87 NBA season with the Hawks and Milwaukee Bucks, averaging 1.4 points and 1.0 rebounds in 8 games.", "title": "Cedric Henderson (basketball, born 1965)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Desmond Mason was drafted out of Oklahoma State University by the Seattle SuperSonics with the 17th pick of the 2000 NBA draft. In 2001, he became the first SuperSonics' player in franchise history to win the NBA Slam Dunk Contest. He also finished in second place in the 2003 contest behind Jason Richardson. In 2003, he and Gary Payton were traded to the Milwaukee Bucks in exchange for Ray Allen and Ronald Murray. On October 26, 2005, he was traded along with a first-round draft pick in the 2006 NBA draft to the New Orleans Hornets in exchange for Jamaal Magloire. On July 23, 2007, Mason signed a contract with the Bucks after a two-season absence. Initially angry with Bucks general manager Larry Harris for trading him in 2005, Mason said he was happy to be back in Milwaukee.", "title": "Desmond Mason" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At 21 years and 197 days, Durant is the youngest scoring leader in NBA history, averaging 30.1 points in the 2009 -- 10 season. Russell Westbrook led the league with an average of 31.6 points in the 2016 -- 17 season, when he also became the second NBA player to average a triple - double in a season. The most recent champion is James Harden.", "title": "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2017 -- 18 NBA season League National Basketball Association Sport Basketball Duration October 17, 2017 -- April 11, 2018 April 14 -- May 28, 2018 (Playoffs) May 31 -- June 17, 2018 (Finals) Number of games 82 Number of teams 30 TV partner (s) ABC, TNT, ESPN, NBA TV Draft Top draft pick Markelle Fultz Picked by Philadelphia 76ers Regular season Playoffs Finals NBA seasons ← 2016 -- 17 2018 -- 19 →", "title": "2017–18 NBA season" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.", "title": "2007 NBA draft" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jonas Valančiūnas (; born 6 May 1992) is a Lithuanian professional basketball player for the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was selected by the Toronto Raptors with the fifth overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft.", "title": "Jonas Valančiūnas" } ]	Who was picked over the player with the highest point average in NBA history in the draft?	Greg Oden	[]	Title: Marcus Smart Passage: Marcus Osmond Smart (born March 6, 1994) is an American professional basketball player for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Oklahoma State Cowboys before being drafted with the sixth overall pick in the 2014 NBA draft. Title: Jeryl Sasser Passage: Born in Dallas, Texas, Sasser graduated from Justin F. Kimball High School and played college basketball at Southern Methodist University. He was selected by the Orlando Magic as the 22nd pick in the 2001 NBA Draft. In two seasons for the Magic (his only in the NBA) he averaged 2.5 points per game. Title: 1993 NBA draft Passage: Despite having the lowest odds, the Orlando Magic surprisingly won the first pick in the 1993 NBA Draft Lottery. It was the second year in a row the Magic won the draft lottery. The Magic drafted Chris Webber with the number one overall pick, but only minutes later, executed a blockbuster trade. The Magic traded Webber to the Golden State Warriors for their first round pick (# 3 overall) Penny Hardaway and three of Golden State's future first - round draft selections. Title: Duane Causwell Passage: Duane Causwell (born May 31, 1968) is an American retired professional basketball player who was selected by the Sacramento Kings with the 18th overall pick of the 1990 NBA draft. He played 11 years in the National Basketball Association for the Kings and the Miami Heat averaging 4.9 ppg in his career. Causwell played college basketball at Temple University. Title: 2016 NBA draft Passage: The 2016 NBA draft was held on June 23, 2016, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn. It was televised nationally in the U.S. by ESPN, and was live streamed for the first time in NBA draft history by The Vertical. National Basketball Association (NBA) teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. The draft lottery took place during the playoffs, on May 17, 2016. This was the first time since the lottery system was introduced in 1985 that all NBA teams that missed out on the playoffs remained in the exact spots they were designated, meaning the 10 - win / 72 - loss Philadelphia 76ers received the No. 1 pick, the Los Angeles Lakers kept the No. 2 pick, the Boston Celtics via the Brooklyn Nets got the No. 3 pick, and everyone else stayed in their same spots based on the regular season standings from the 2015 -- 16 season. Title: Brian Winters Passage: Winters attended academic and athletic powerhouse Archbishop Molloy High School in Queens, New York, graduating in 1970. He then played collegiately with the University of South Carolina and was the 12th pick in the 1974 NBA Draft, taken by the Los Angeles Lakers. He made the NBA All-Rookie Team with the Lakers, and was then traded to the Milwaukee Bucks as part of the trade that brought Kareem Abdul-Jabbar to the Lakers. He had a productive nine-year career that included two appearances in the NBA All-Star Game and playing on six playoffs teams. Winters averaged 16.2 points and 4.1 assists over his career, with his best years coming from 1975 to 1979 when he averaged over 19 points and slightly less than 5 assists per game. His number 32 was retired by the Bucks. In a 2005 interview, Michael Jordan singled out Winters as the best "pure shooter" in history, claiming that "he had the most beautiful stroke of all the people whom [he could] think of." Title: List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders Passage: Wilt Chamberlain holds the all - time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961 -- 62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959 -- 60 season. Among active players, Kevin Durant has the highest point total (2,593) and the highest scoring average (32.0) in a season; both were achieved in the 2013 -- 14 season. Title: Jim Farmer Passage: James Hubert Farmer (born September 23, 1964) is a retired American professional basketball player who was drafted by the Dallas Mavericks in the first round (20th pick overall) of the 1987 NBA draft. Farmer, a 6'4" 190 lb small forward, played for the Mavericks, Utah Jazz, Seattle SuperSonics, Philadelphia 76ers, and Denver Nuggets in 5 NBA seasons. His best stint as an NBA player was during the 1990-91 season when he appeared in 25 games for the Nuggets and averaged 10.0 ppg. He played collegiately at the University of Alabama. Title: Jonas Valančiūnas Passage: Jonas Valančiūnas (; born 6 May 1992) is a Lithuanian professional basketball player for the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was selected by the Toronto Raptors with the fifth overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft. Title: Albert Burditt Passage: Albert Burditt (born May 15, 1972) is an American basketball player who played for four years at the University of Texas at Austin, before being drafted by the Houston Rockets in the 1994 NBA draft. However, he did not play in the NBA. Burditt played for the Oklahoma City Cavalry of the Continental Basketball Association in the 1994–1995 season, averaging 8.4 points and 8.1 rebounds per game. Burditt played professionally in the CBA and nine other countries. Title: Rik Smits Passage: Rik Smits (born August 23, 1966), nicknamed "the Dunking Dutchman", is a Dutch retired professional basketball player who spent his entire career with the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) The center was drafted by the Pacers out of Marist College with the second overall pick in the 1988 NBA draft. An NBA All-Star in 1998, Smits reached the NBA Finals in 2000. Title: Kobe Bryant Passage: With career averages of 25.0 points, 5.2 rebounds, 4.7 assists, and 1.4 steals per game, he is considered one of the most complete players in NBA history. He was the first player in NBA history to have at least 30,000 career points and 6,000 career assists, and is one of only four players with 25,000 points, 6,000 rebounds and 6,000 assists. Bryant led the NBA in scoring during the 2005 -- 06 and 2006 -- 07 seasons. His 81 - point performance against Toronto in 2006 was the second - highest in NBA history, behind only Chamberlain's 100. He has scored at least 50 points 24 times in his career, which is third in league history behind Jordan (31) and Chamberlain (118); six times Bryant scored at least 60. He was just the third player in NBA history to average 40 points in a calendar month, which he has accomplished four times. Bryant was voted the league MVP in 2008 and led his team to the 2008 NBA Finals as the first seed in the Western Conference. In the 2008 Summer Olympics, he won a gold medal as a member of the U.S. men's basketball team, occasionally referred to as ``The Redeem Team ''. He won another gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He led the Lakers to two more championships in 2009 and 2010, winning the Finals MVP award on both occasions. Title: Cedric Henderson (basketball, born 1965) Passage: A 6'8" forward, Henderson played at the University of Georgia during the 1980s and was selected by the Atlanta Hawks in the second round of the 1986 NBA Draft. He split the 1986-87 NBA season with the Hawks and Milwaukee Bucks, averaging 1.4 points and 1.0 rebounds in 8 games. Title: 2007 NBA draft Passage: Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010. Title: Michael Jordan Passage: As a freshman in coach Dean Smith's team - oriented system, he was named ACC Freshman of the Year after he averaged 13.4 points per game (ppg) on 53.4% shooting (field goal percentage). He made the game - winning jump shot in the 1982 NCAA Championship game against Georgetown, which was led by future NBA rival Patrick Ewing. Jordan later described this shot as the major turning point in his basketball career. During his three seasons at North Carolina, he averaged 17.7 ppg on 54.0% shooting, and added 5.0 rebounds per game (rpg). He was selected by consensus to the NCAA All - American First Team in both his sophomore (1983) and junior (1984) seasons. After winning the Naismith and the Wooden College Player of the Year awards in 1984, Jordan left North Carolina one year before his scheduled graduation to enter the 1984 NBA draft. The Chicago Bulls selected Jordan with the third overall pick, after Hakeem Olajuwon (Houston Rockets) and Sam Bowie (Portland Trail Blazers). One of the primary reasons why Jordan was not drafted sooner was because the first two teams were in need of a center. However, Trail Blazers general manager Stu Inman contended that it was not a matter of drafting a center, but more a matter of taking Sam Bowie over Jordan, in part because Portland already had Clyde Drexler, who was a guard with similar skills to Jordan. ESPN, citing Bowie's injury - laden college career, named the Blazers' choice of Bowie as the worst draft pick in North American professional sports history. Jordan returned to North Carolina to complete his degree in 1986. He graduated the same year with a Bachelor of Arts degree in geography. Title: List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders Passage: At 21 years and 197 days, Durant is the youngest scoring leader in NBA history, averaging 30.1 points in the 2009 -- 10 season. Russell Westbrook led the league with an average of 31.6 points in the 2016 -- 17 season, when he also became the second NBA player to average a triple - double in a season. The most recent champion is James Harden. Title: 2017–18 NBA season Passage: 2017 -- 18 NBA season League National Basketball Association Sport Basketball Duration October 17, 2017 -- April 11, 2018 April 14 -- May 28, 2018 (Playoffs) May 31 -- June 17, 2018 (Finals) Number of games 82 Number of teams 30 TV partner (s) ABC, TNT, ESPN, NBA TV Draft Top draft pick Markelle Fultz Picked by Philadelphia 76ers Regular season Playoffs Finals NBA seasons ← 2016 -- 17 2018 -- 19 → Title: Desmond Mason Passage: Desmond Mason was drafted out of Oklahoma State University by the Seattle SuperSonics with the 17th pick of the 2000 NBA draft. In 2001, he became the first SuperSonics' player in franchise history to win the NBA Slam Dunk Contest. He also finished in second place in the 2003 contest behind Jason Richardson. In 2003, he and Gary Payton were traded to the Milwaukee Bucks in exchange for Ray Allen and Ronald Murray. On October 26, 2005, he was traded along with a first-round draft pick in the 2006 NBA draft to the New Orleans Hornets in exchange for Jamaal Magloire. On July 23, 2007, Mason signed a contract with the Bucks after a two-season absence. Initially angry with Bucks general manager Larry Harris for trading him in 2005, Mason said he was happy to be back in Milwaukee. Title: Shandon Anderson Passage: Anderson attended Alonzo A. Crim High School in Atlanta, then played basketball at the University of Georgia. He was drafted in the second round (54th overall) of the 1996 NBA draft by the Utah Jazz, and played for the Jazz, the Houston Rockets, the New York Knicks and the Heat. His best season was in 1999–2000, when he averaged 12.3 points per game with the Rockets. His career average is 7.8 points per game. Title: Utah Jazz Passage: The Jazz's attendance declined slightly after the team's move from New Orleans to Utah, due to a late approval for the move (June 1979) and poor marketing in the Salt Lake City area. The team's management made the first of several moves in 1979, bringing high - scoring forward Adrian Dantley to Utah in exchange for Spencer Haywood. Dantley averaged 28.0 points per game during the 1979 -- 80 season, allowing the team to waive Pete Maravich early in the year. The team struggled to a 24 -- 58 mark, but was rewarded with the second overall pick in the 1980 NBA draft, which they used to pick Darrell Griffith of Louisville, another piece of the rebuilding puzzle.	[ "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders", "2007 NBA draft" ]
2hop__31585_61048	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Little Boy ''was the codename for the atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 during World War II by the Boeing B - 29 Superfortress Enola Gay, piloted by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr., commander of the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces. It was the first atomic bomb to be used in warfare. The Hiroshima bombing was the second artificial nuclear explosion in history, after the Trinity test, and the first uranium - based detonation. It exploded with an energy of approximately 15 kilotons of TNT (63 TJ). The bomb caused significant destruction to the city of Hiroshima and its occupants.", "title": "Little Boy" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heinz Barwich (22 July 1911 in Berlin – 10 April 1966 in Cologne) was a German nuclear physicist. He was deputy director of the Siemens Research Laboratory II in Berlin. At the close of World War II, he followed the decision of Gustav Hertz, to go to the Soviet Union for ten years to work on the Soviet atomic bomb project, for which he received the Stalin Prize. He was director of the \"Zentralinstitut für Kernforschung\" (Central Institute for Nuclear Research) at Rossendorf near Dresden. For a few years he was director of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia. In 1964 he defected to the West.", "title": "Heinz Barwich" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Part of the Pacific War of World War II Atomic bomb mushroom clouds over Hiroshima (left) and Nagasaki (right) Date August 6 and August 9, 1945 Location Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Empire of Japan Result Allied victory Belligerents United States Manhattan Project: United Kingdom Canada Japan Commanders and leaders William S. Parsons Paul W. Tibbets, Jr. Charles Sweeney Frederick Ashworth Shunroku Hata Units involved Manhattan District: 50 U.S., 2 British 509th Composite Group: 1,770 U.S. Second General Army: Hiroshima: 40,000 (5 Anti-aircraft batteries) Nagasaki: 9,000 (4 Anti-aircraft batteries) Casualties and losses 20 British, Dutch, and American prisoners of war killed Hiroshima: 20,000 soldiers killed 70,000 -- 126,000 civilians killed Nagasaki: 39,000 -- 80,000 killed Total: 129,000 -- 226,000 + killed", "title": "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hanford Site is a decommissioned nuclear production complex operated by the United States federal government on the Columbia River in Benton County in the U.S. state of Washington. The site has been known by many names, including Hanford Project, Hanford Works, Hanford Engineer Works and Hanford Nuclear Reservation. Established in 1943 as part of the Manhattan Project in Hanford, south-central Washington, the site was home to the B Reactor, the first full-scale plutonium production reactor in the world. Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb, tested at the Trinity site, and in Fat Man, the bomb detonated over Nagasaki, Japan.", "title": "Hanford Site" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed \"Little Boy\") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and \"Fat Man\") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.", "title": "Uranium" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Phillips Feynman (/ˈfaɪnmən/; May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics for which he proposed the parton model. For his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman, jointly with Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965. He developed a widely used pictorial representation scheme for the mathematical expressions governing the behavior of subatomic particles, which later became known as Feynman diagrams. During his lifetime, Feynman became one of the best-known scientists in the world. In a 1999 poll of 130 leading physicists worldwide by the British journal Physics World he was ranked as one of the ten greatest physicists of all time.", "title": "Richard Feynman" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In simple terms, the Cold War could be viewed as an expression of the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism. The United States faced a new uncertainty beginning in September 1949, when it lost its monopoly on the atomic bomb. American intelligence agencies discovered that the Soviet Union had exploded its first atomic bomb, with the consequence that the United States potentially could face a future nuclear war that, for the first time, might devastate its cities. Given this new danger, the United States participated in an arms race with the Soviet Union that included development of the hydrogen bomb, as well as intercontinental strategic bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) capable of delivering nuclear weapons. A new fear of communism and its sympathizers swept the United States during the 1950s, which devolved into paranoid McCarthyism. With communism spreading in China, Korea, and Eastern Europe, Americans came to feel so threatened that popular and political culture condoned extensive \"witch-hunts\" to expose communist spies. Part of the American reaction to the Soviet atomic and hydrogen bomb tests included maintaining a large Air Force, under the control of the Strategic Air Command (SAC). SAC employed intercontinental strategic bombers, as well as medium-bombers based close to Soviet airspace (in western Europe and in Turkey) that were capable of delivering nuclear payloads.", "title": "Space Race" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Feynman's other work at Los Alamos included calculating neutron equations for the Los Alamos \"Water Boiler\", a small nuclear reactor, to measure how close an assembly of fissile material was to criticality. On completing this work he was transferred to the Oak Ridge facility, where he aided engineers in devising safety procedures for material storage so that criticality accidents (for example, due to sub-critical amounts of fissile material inadvertently stored in proximity on opposite sides of a wall) could be avoided. He also did theoretical work and calculations on the proposed uranium hydride bomb, which later proved not to be feasible.", "title": "Richard Feynman" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At Los Alamos, physicist Robert Serber proposed that instead of relying on spontaneous fission, the chain reaction inside the atomic bomb should be triggered by a neutron initiator. The best - known neutron sources were radium - beryllium and polonium - beryllium. The latter was chosen, as polonium has a 138 - day half - life, which made it intense enough to be useful but not long - lived enough to be stockpiled. Thomas took charge of the development of techniques to industrially refine polonium for use with beryllium in the ``urchin ''internal neutron initiators. This effort became the Dayton Project.", "title": "Dayton Project" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Feynman was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1965. At this time in the early 1960s, Feynman exhausted himself by working on multiple major projects at the same time, including a request, while at Caltech, to \"spruce up\" the teaching of undergraduates. After three years devoted to the task, he produced a series of lectures that eventually became The Feynman Lectures on Physics. He wanted a picture of a drumhead sprinkled with powder to show the modes of vibration at the beginning of the book. Concerned over the connections to drugs and rock and roll that could be made from the image, the publishers changed the cover to plain red, though they included a picture of him playing drums in the foreword. The Feynman Lectures on Physics occupied two physicists, Robert B. Leighton and Matthew Sands, as part-time co-authors for several years. Even though the books were not adopted by most universities as textbooks, they continue to sell well because they provide a deep understanding of physics. Many of his lectures and miscellaneous talks were turned into other books, including The Character of Physical Law, QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter, Statistical Mechanics, Lectures on Gravitation, and the Feynman Lectures on Computation.", "title": "Richard Feynman" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Josiah Parsons Cooke (October 12, 1827 – September 3, 1894) was an American scientist who worked at Harvard University and was instrumental in the measurement of atomic weights, inspiring America's first Nobel laureate in chemistry, Theodore Richards, to pursue similar research. Cooke's 1854 paper on atomic weights has been said to foreshadow the periodic law developed later by Mendeleev and others. Historian I. Bernard Cohen described Cooke \"as the first university chemist to do truly distinguished work in the field of chemistry\" in the United States.", "title": "Josiah Parsons Cooke" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Ray Dunning (September 24, 1907 – August 25, 1975) was an American physicist who played key roles in the Manhattan Project that developed the first atomic bombs. He specialized in neutron physics, and did pioneering work in gaseous diffusion for isotope separation. He was Dean of the School of Engineering and Applied Science at Columbia University from 1950 to 1969.", "title": "John R. Dunning" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the war, Feynman declined an offer from the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, despite the presence there of such distinguished faculty members as Albert Einstein, Kurt Gödel and John von Neumann. Feynman followed Hans Bethe, instead, to Cornell University, where Feynman taught theoretical physics from 1945 to 1950. During a temporary depression following the destruction of Hiroshima by the bomb produced by the Manhattan Project, he focused on complex physics problems, not for utility, but for self-satisfaction. One of these was analyzing the physics of a twirling, nutating dish as it is moving through the air. His work during this period, which used equations of rotation to express various spinning speeds, proved important to his Nobel Prize–winning work, yet because he felt burned out and had turned his attention to less immediately practical problems, he was surprised by the offers of professorships from other renowned universities.", "title": "Richard Feynman" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs. The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District; ``Manhattan ''gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire project. Along the way, the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart, Tube Alloys. The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939, but grew to employ more than 130,000 people and cost nearly US $2 billion (about $22 billion in 2016 dollars). Over 90% of the cost was for building factories and to produce fissile material, with less than 10% for development and production of the weapons. Research and production took place at more than 30 sites across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada.", "title": "Manhattan Project" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the late 1980s, according to \"Richard Feynman and the Connection Machine\", Feynman played a crucial role in developing the first massively parallel computer, and in finding innovative uses for it in numerical computations, in building neural networks, as well as physical simulations using cellular automata (such as turbulent fluid flow), working with Stephen Wolfram at Caltech. His son Carl also played a role in the development of the original Connection Machine engineering; Feynman influencing the interconnects while his son worked on the software.", "title": "Richard Feynman" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In atomic physics, Hund's rules refers to a set of rules that German physicist Friedrich Hund formulated around 1927, which are used to determine the term symbol that corresponds to the ground state of a multi-electron atom. The first rule is especially important in chemistry, where it is often referred to simply as Hund's Rule.", "title": "Hund's rules" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On July 16, 1945, with numerous other Manhattan Project personnel, von Neumann was an eyewitness to the first atomic bomb blast, code named Trinity, conducted as a test of the implosion method device, at the bombing range near Alamogordo Army Airfield, 35 miles (56 km) southeast of Socorro, New Mexico. Based on his observation alone, von Neumann estimated the test had resulted in a blast equivalent to 5 kilotons of TNT (21 TJ) but Enrico Fermi produced a more accurate estimate of 10 kilotons by dropping scraps of torn-up paper as the shock wave passed his location and watching how far they scattered. The actual power of the explosion had been between 20 and 22 kilotons. It was in von Neumann's 1944 papers that the expression \"kilotons\" appeared for the first time. After the war, Robert Oppenheimer remarked that the physicists involved in the Manhattan project had \"known sin\". Von Neumann's response was that \"sometimes someone confesses a sin in order to take credit for it.\"", "title": "John von Neumann" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Due to the top secret nature of the work, Los Alamos was isolated. In Feynman's own words, \"There wasn't anything to do there.\" Bored, he indulged his curiosity by learning to pick the combination locks on cabinets and desks used to secure papers. Feynman played many jokes on colleagues. In one case he found the combination to a locked filing cabinet by trying the numbers he thought a physicist would use (it proved to be 27–18–28 after the base of natural logarithms, e = 2.71828...), and found that the three filing cabinets where a colleague kept a set of atomic bomb research notes all had the same combination. He left a series of notes in the cabinets as a prank, which initially spooked his colleague, Frederic de Hoffmann, into thinking a spy or saboteur had gained access to atomic bomb secrets. On several occasions, Feynman drove to Albuquerque to see his ailing wife in a car borrowed from Klaus Fuchs, who was later discovered to be a real spy for the Soviets, transporting nuclear secrets in his car to Santa Fe.", "title": "Richard Feynman" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nuclear weapons possess enormous destructive power from nuclear fission or combined fission and fusion reactions. Starting with scientific breakthroughs made during the 1930s, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada collaborated during World War II in what was called the Manhattan Project to counter the suspected Nazi German atomic bomb project. In August 1945, two fission bombs were dropped on Japan, standing to date as the only use of nuclear weapons in combat. The Soviet Union started development shortly thereafter with their own atomic bomb project, and not long after that both countries developed even more powerful fusion weapons known as ``hydrogen bombs ''.", "title": "History of nuclear weapons" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Day After Trinity (a.k.a. The Day After Trinity: J. Robert Oppenheimer and the Atomic Bomb) is a 1980 documentary film directed and produced by Jon H. Else in association with KTEH public television in San Jose, California. The film tells the story of J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904–1967), the theoretical physicist who led the effort to build the first atomic bomb, tested in July 1945 at Trinity site in New Mexico. Featuring candid interviews with several Manhattan Project scientists, as well as newly declassified archival footage, \"The Day After Trinity\" was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature of 1980, and received a Peabody Award in 1981.", "title": "The Day After Trinity" } ]	Who was the US physicist who directed the project that developed the first atomic bomb at the same place where Feynman worked on Water Boiler?	Robert Oppenheimer	[ "J. Robert Oppenheimer" ]	Title: Heinz Barwich Passage: Heinz Barwich (22 July 1911 in Berlin – 10 April 1966 in Cologne) was a German nuclear physicist. He was deputy director of the Siemens Research Laboratory II in Berlin. At the close of World War II, he followed the decision of Gustav Hertz, to go to the Soviet Union for ten years to work on the Soviet atomic bomb project, for which he received the Stalin Prize. He was director of the "Zentralinstitut für Kernforschung" (Central Institute for Nuclear Research) at Rossendorf near Dresden. For a few years he was director of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia. In 1964 he defected to the West. Title: Josiah Parsons Cooke Passage: Josiah Parsons Cooke (October 12, 1827 – September 3, 1894) was an American scientist who worked at Harvard University and was instrumental in the measurement of atomic weights, inspiring America's first Nobel laureate in chemistry, Theodore Richards, to pursue similar research. Cooke's 1854 paper on atomic weights has been said to foreshadow the periodic law developed later by Mendeleev and others. Historian I. Bernard Cohen described Cooke "as the first university chemist to do truly distinguished work in the field of chemistry" in the United States. Title: John R. Dunning Passage: John Ray Dunning (September 24, 1907 – August 25, 1975) was an American physicist who played key roles in the Manhattan Project that developed the first atomic bombs. He specialized in neutron physics, and did pioneering work in gaseous diffusion for isotope separation. He was Dean of the School of Engineering and Applied Science at Columbia University from 1950 to 1969. Title: John von Neumann Passage: On July 16, 1945, with numerous other Manhattan Project personnel, von Neumann was an eyewitness to the first atomic bomb blast, code named Trinity, conducted as a test of the implosion method device, at the bombing range near Alamogordo Army Airfield, 35 miles (56 km) southeast of Socorro, New Mexico. Based on his observation alone, von Neumann estimated the test had resulted in a blast equivalent to 5 kilotons of TNT (21 TJ) but Enrico Fermi produced a more accurate estimate of 10 kilotons by dropping scraps of torn-up paper as the shock wave passed his location and watching how far they scattered. The actual power of the explosion had been between 20 and 22 kilotons. It was in von Neumann's 1944 papers that the expression "kilotons" appeared for the first time. After the war, Robert Oppenheimer remarked that the physicists involved in the Manhattan project had "known sin". Von Neumann's response was that "sometimes someone confesses a sin in order to take credit for it." Title: Richard Feynman Passage: Feynman's other work at Los Alamos included calculating neutron equations for the Los Alamos "Water Boiler", a small nuclear reactor, to measure how close an assembly of fissile material was to criticality. On completing this work he was transferred to the Oak Ridge facility, where he aided engineers in devising safety procedures for material storage so that criticality accidents (for example, due to sub-critical amounts of fissile material inadvertently stored in proximity on opposite sides of a wall) could be avoided. He also did theoretical work and calculations on the proposed uranium hydride bomb, which later proved not to be feasible. Title: Richard Feynman Passage: In the late 1980s, according to "Richard Feynman and the Connection Machine", Feynman played a crucial role in developing the first massively parallel computer, and in finding innovative uses for it in numerical computations, in building neural networks, as well as physical simulations using cellular automata (such as turbulent fluid flow), working with Stephen Wolfram at Caltech. His son Carl also played a role in the development of the original Connection Machine engineering; Feynman influencing the interconnects while his son worked on the software. Title: Richard Feynman Passage: Richard Phillips Feynman (/ˈfaɪnmən/; May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics for which he proposed the parton model. For his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman, jointly with Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965. He developed a widely used pictorial representation scheme for the mathematical expressions governing the behavior of subatomic particles, which later became known as Feynman diagrams. During his lifetime, Feynman became one of the best-known scientists in the world. In a 1999 poll of 130 leading physicists worldwide by the British journal Physics World he was ranked as one of the ten greatest physicists of all time. Title: Little Boy Passage: ``Little Boy ''was the codename for the atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 during World War II by the Boeing B - 29 Superfortress Enola Gay, piloted by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr., commander of the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces. It was the first atomic bomb to be used in warfare. The Hiroshima bombing was the second artificial nuclear explosion in history, after the Trinity test, and the first uranium - based detonation. It exploded with an energy of approximately 15 kilotons of TNT (63 TJ). The bomb caused significant destruction to the city of Hiroshima and its occupants. Title: Space Race Passage: In simple terms, the Cold War could be viewed as an expression of the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism. The United States faced a new uncertainty beginning in September 1949, when it lost its monopoly on the atomic bomb. American intelligence agencies discovered that the Soviet Union had exploded its first atomic bomb, with the consequence that the United States potentially could face a future nuclear war that, for the first time, might devastate its cities. Given this new danger, the United States participated in an arms race with the Soviet Union that included development of the hydrogen bomb, as well as intercontinental strategic bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) capable of delivering nuclear weapons. A new fear of communism and its sympathizers swept the United States during the 1950s, which devolved into paranoid McCarthyism. With communism spreading in China, Korea, and Eastern Europe, Americans came to feel so threatened that popular and political culture condoned extensive "witch-hunts" to expose communist spies. Part of the American reaction to the Soviet atomic and hydrogen bomb tests included maintaining a large Air Force, under the control of the Strategic Air Command (SAC). SAC employed intercontinental strategic bombers, as well as medium-bombers based close to Soviet airspace (in western Europe and in Turkey) that were capable of delivering nuclear payloads. Title: Uranium Passage: Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world. Title: Dayton Project Passage: At Los Alamos, physicist Robert Serber proposed that instead of relying on spontaneous fission, the chain reaction inside the atomic bomb should be triggered by a neutron initiator. The best - known neutron sources were radium - beryllium and polonium - beryllium. The latter was chosen, as polonium has a 138 - day half - life, which made it intense enough to be useful but not long - lived enough to be stockpiled. Thomas took charge of the development of techniques to industrially refine polonium for use with beryllium in the ``urchin ''internal neutron initiators. This effort became the Dayton Project. Title: Hund's rules Passage: In atomic physics, Hund's rules refers to a set of rules that German physicist Friedrich Hund formulated around 1927, which are used to determine the term symbol that corresponds to the ground state of a multi-electron atom. The first rule is especially important in chemistry, where it is often referred to simply as Hund's Rule. Title: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Passage: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Part of the Pacific War of World War II Atomic bomb mushroom clouds over Hiroshima (left) and Nagasaki (right) Date August 6 and August 9, 1945 Location Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Empire of Japan Result Allied victory Belligerents United States Manhattan Project: United Kingdom Canada Japan Commanders and leaders William S. Parsons Paul W. Tibbets, Jr. Charles Sweeney Frederick Ashworth Shunroku Hata Units involved Manhattan District: 50 U.S., 2 British 509th Composite Group: 1,770 U.S. Second General Army: Hiroshima: 40,000 (5 Anti-aircraft batteries) Nagasaki: 9,000 (4 Anti-aircraft batteries) Casualties and losses 20 British, Dutch, and American prisoners of war killed Hiroshima: 20,000 soldiers killed 70,000 -- 126,000 civilians killed Nagasaki: 39,000 -- 80,000 killed Total: 129,000 -- 226,000 + killed Title: History of nuclear weapons Passage: Nuclear weapons possess enormous destructive power from nuclear fission or combined fission and fusion reactions. Starting with scientific breakthroughs made during the 1930s, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada collaborated during World War II in what was called the Manhattan Project to counter the suspected Nazi German atomic bomb project. In August 1945, two fission bombs were dropped on Japan, standing to date as the only use of nuclear weapons in combat. The Soviet Union started development shortly thereafter with their own atomic bomb project, and not long after that both countries developed even more powerful fusion weapons known as ``hydrogen bombs ''. Title: Richard Feynman Passage: Due to the top secret nature of the work, Los Alamos was isolated. In Feynman's own words, "There wasn't anything to do there." Bored, he indulged his curiosity by learning to pick the combination locks on cabinets and desks used to secure papers. Feynman played many jokes on colleagues. In one case he found the combination to a locked filing cabinet by trying the numbers he thought a physicist would use (it proved to be 27–18–28 after the base of natural logarithms, e = 2.71828...), and found that the three filing cabinets where a colleague kept a set of atomic bomb research notes all had the same combination. He left a series of notes in the cabinets as a prank, which initially spooked his colleague, Frederic de Hoffmann, into thinking a spy or saboteur had gained access to atomic bomb secrets. On several occasions, Feynman drove to Albuquerque to see his ailing wife in a car borrowed from Klaus Fuchs, who was later discovered to be a real spy for the Soviets, transporting nuclear secrets in his car to Santa Fe. Title: Hanford Site Passage: The Hanford Site is a decommissioned nuclear production complex operated by the United States federal government on the Columbia River in Benton County in the U.S. state of Washington. The site has been known by many names, including Hanford Project, Hanford Works, Hanford Engineer Works and Hanford Nuclear Reservation. Established in 1943 as part of the Manhattan Project in Hanford, south-central Washington, the site was home to the B Reactor, the first full-scale plutonium production reactor in the world. Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first nuclear bomb, tested at the Trinity site, and in Fat Man, the bomb detonated over Nagasaki, Japan. Title: The Day After Trinity Passage: The Day After Trinity (a.k.a. The Day After Trinity: J. Robert Oppenheimer and the Atomic Bomb) is a 1980 documentary film directed and produced by Jon H. Else in association with KTEH public television in San Jose, California. The film tells the story of J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904–1967), the theoretical physicist who led the effort to build the first atomic bomb, tested in July 1945 at Trinity site in New Mexico. Featuring candid interviews with several Manhattan Project scientists, as well as newly declassified archival footage, "The Day After Trinity" was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature of 1980, and received a Peabody Award in 1981. Title: Manhattan Project Passage: The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs. The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District; ``Manhattan ''gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire project. Along the way, the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart, Tube Alloys. The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939, but grew to employ more than 130,000 people and cost nearly US $2 billion (about $22 billion in 2016 dollars). Over 90% of the cost was for building factories and to produce fissile material, with less than 10% for development and production of the weapons. Research and production took place at more than 30 sites across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. Title: Richard Feynman Passage: Feynman was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1965. At this time in the early 1960s, Feynman exhausted himself by working on multiple major projects at the same time, including a request, while at Caltech, to "spruce up" the teaching of undergraduates. After three years devoted to the task, he produced a series of lectures that eventually became The Feynman Lectures on Physics. He wanted a picture of a drumhead sprinkled with powder to show the modes of vibration at the beginning of the book. Concerned over the connections to drugs and rock and roll that could be made from the image, the publishers changed the cover to plain red, though they included a picture of him playing drums in the foreword. The Feynman Lectures on Physics occupied two physicists, Robert B. Leighton and Matthew Sands, as part-time co-authors for several years. Even though the books were not adopted by most universities as textbooks, they continue to sell well because they provide a deep understanding of physics. Many of his lectures and miscellaneous talks were turned into other books, including The Character of Physical Law, QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter, Statistical Mechanics, Lectures on Gravitation, and the Feynman Lectures on Computation. Title: Richard Feynman Passage: After the war, Feynman declined an offer from the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, despite the presence there of such distinguished faculty members as Albert Einstein, Kurt Gödel and John von Neumann. Feynman followed Hans Bethe, instead, to Cornell University, where Feynman taught theoretical physics from 1945 to 1950. During a temporary depression following the destruction of Hiroshima by the bomb produced by the Manhattan Project, he focused on complex physics problems, not for utility, but for self-satisfaction. One of these was analyzing the physics of a twirling, nutating dish as it is moving through the air. His work during this period, which used equations of rotation to express various spinning speeds, proved important to his Nobel Prize–winning work, yet because he felt burned out and had turned his attention to less immediately practical problems, he was surprised by the offers of professorships from other renowned universities.	[ "Richard Feynman", "Manhattan Project" ]
2hop__2150_78851	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "At Madison Square Garden, New Yorkers can watch the New York Knicks play NBA basketball, while the New York Liberty play in the WNBA. The Barclays Center in Brooklyn is home to the Brooklyn Nets NBA basketball team. The Nets began playing in Brooklyn in 2012, the first major professional sports team to play in the historic borough in half a century. Before the merger of the defunct American Basketball Association with the NBA during the 1976 -- 1977 season, the New York Nets, who shared the same home stadium (Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum) on Long Island with the NHL's New York Islanders, were a two - time champion in the ABA and starred the famous Hall of Fame forward Julius Erving. During the first season of the merger (1976 -- 77), the Nets continued to play on Long Island, although Erving's contract had by then been sold to the Philadelphia 76ers. The Nets transferred to New Jersey then next season and became known as the New Jersey Nets, and later moved to Brooklyn prior to the 2012 -- 2013 NBA season.", "title": "Sports in the New York metropolitan area" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The club also owned and operated a professional basketball team, by the name of Everton Tigers, who compete in the elite British Basketball League. The team was launched in the summer of 2007 as part of the clubs' Community programme, and play their home games at the Greenbank Sports Academy. The team was an amalgam of the Toxteth Tigers community youth programme which started in 1968. The team quickly became one of the most successful in the league winning the BBL Cup in 2009 and the play-offs in 2010. However Everton withdrew funding before the 2010–11 season and the team was re launched as the Mersey Tigers.", "title": "Everton F.C." }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following Barry Hearn's takeover of the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association, the Grand Prix was reformatted and renamed to World Open. The event gave a chance for amateurs to play alongside professionals. The amateurs had to win 3 matches to qualify for the main draw. On 9 January 2012 it was announced, that the World Open would be held in the next five years in Haikou on the Hainan Island. In November 2014, it was announced that the tournament would not be held in the 2014 / 2015 season after the contract with the promoter was not renewed and a new venue was not found in time. The event returned in the 2016 / 2017 season.", "title": "World Open (snooker)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The annual United States Open Tennis Championships is one of the world's four Grand Slam tennis tournaments and is held at the National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, Queens. The New York Marathon is one of the world's largest, and the 2004–2006 events hold the top three places in the marathons with the largest number of finishers, including 37,866 finishers in 2006. The Millrose Games is an annual track and field meet whose featured event is the Wanamaker Mile. Boxing is also a prominent part of the city's sporting scene, with events like the Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves being held at Madison Square Garden each year. The city is also considered the host of the Belmont Stakes, the last, longest and oldest of horse racing's Triple Crown races, held just over the city's border at Belmont Park on the first or second Sunday of June. The city also hosted the 1932 U.S. Open golf tournament and the 1930 and 1939 PGA Championships, and has been host city for both events several times, most notably for nearby Winged Foot Golf Club.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "De Herdgang is a football training facility in Eindhoven, Netherlands. It serves as the training ground and youth academy of PSV Eindhoven and also accommodates its amateur teams. As of the 2014/2015 season Jong PSV play their home games at this facility.", "title": "De Herdgang" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Washington Capitals are a professional ice hockey team based in Washington, D.C. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Capitals are owned by Monumental Sports & Entertainment, headed by Ted Leonsis. From 1974 to 1997 the Capitals played their home games at the Capital Centre, in Landover, Maryland (a suburb of Washington, D.C.). In 1997 the team moved to the arena now called Capital One Arena, their present home arena in Washington, D.C.", "title": "Washington Capitals" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Super League began in 1996, replacing the RFL Championship and switching from a winter to a summer season. Each team plays 23 games between February and July: 11 home games, 11 away games and a Magic Weekend game at a neutral venue. After 23 games, teams enter a Super 8 stage, the top eight play each other once more. The top four then enter the play - off series leading to the Grand Final (formerly the Championship Final) which determines the champions. The bottom four teams go on to play the top four Championship teams in The Qualifiers to determine who will play in Super League the following season.", "title": "Super League" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center.", "title": "Sacramento Kings" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sporting Cristal plays its home games at the Estadio Alberto Gallardo. They also play at the Estadio Nacional for international competitions such as Copa Libertadores or Copa Sudamericana. The Estadio Nacional is also the venue for matches against Universitario and Alianza Lima.", "title": "Sporting Cristal" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Games of Pakistan is a multi-sport event held in Pakistan. It comprises various disciplines in which sportsmen from the different teams participate against each other. The games are organized by Pakistan Sports Board, Pakistan Olympic Association and the host province. First Edition of Quaid - e-Azam Inter Provincial Youth Games was already take place in Islamabad (1)", "title": "National Games of Pakistan" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer. The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues. Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882. The city has played host to over forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues, both current and historic. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area. Madison Square Garden, its predecessor, as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field, are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world, the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stadio Comunale \"Is Arenas\" is a sports stadium in Quartu Sant'Elena, Sardinia, Italy. It is mostly used for football games and was the home venue of Serie A club Cagliari Calcio for the 2012–13 season.", "title": "Stadio Is Arenas" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vermont Lady Voltage was a professional American women’s soccer team, founded in 2005, which is a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League. Voltage played in the Northern Division of the Central Conference. They play their home games at the Collins-Perley Sports Complex in the city of St. Albans, Vermont, 27 miles north of the state's largest city, Burlington. The team's colors are black and white, and gold and blue. The team was a sister organization of the men's Vermont Voltage team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League.", "title": "Vermont Lady Voltage" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The GETEC Arena (until 2011: \"\"Bördelandhalle\"\") is an indoor sporting arena located in Magdeburg, Germany. The maximum capacity of the arena is 8,071 people for handball games and 8,820 for boxing matches. It is the current home to SC Magdeburg's Handball-Bundesliga team.", "title": "GETEC Arena" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Soccer in the United States is governed by the United States Soccer Federation. The organization governs most levels of soccer in the country, including the national teams, professional leagues, and the amateur game with the exception of colleges and high schools. As of May 2015, over 24.4 million people play soccer in the United States. In 2017, Gallup reported that soccer was the third-most played team sport in the U.S., behind only basketball and American football. The popularity of the sport in the U.S. has been growing since the 1960s and 1970s, and received a significant boost when the United States hosted the 1994 FIFA World Cup and 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup. It is the fourth most popular sport in the United States behind American football, baseball and basketball, and is the second fastest growing sport in America, surpassed only by lacrosse.", "title": "Soccer in the United States" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The BC Lions are a professional Canadian football team competing in the West Division of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Based in Vancouver, British Columbia, the Lions play their home games at BC Place.", "title": "BC Lions" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buvik Idrettslag is a multi-sports team from Buvik in Skaun, Norway. In 2012, the club's first football team played in the Second Division, having won their Third Division conference in 2011. The team was, however, relegated after only one season in the Second Division. They play their home games at Buvik Stadion.", "title": "Buvik IL" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Curling Curling games taking place during the 2005 Tim Hortons Brier Highest governing body World Curling Federation Nicknames Chess On Ice, The Roaring Game First played Approximately late medieval Scotland Registered players est. 1,500,000 Characteristics Contact No Team members 4 or 3 per team (2 in mixed doubles) Mixed gender Yes; see mixed curling Type Precision and accuracy Equipment Curling brooms, stones (rocks), curling shoes Venue Curling sheet Glossary Glossary of curling Presence Olympic First event in 1924 (retroactively made official in 2006). Demonstration sport in 1932, 1988 and 1992. Officially added in 1998. Paralympic Wheelchair curling officially added in 2006.", "title": "Curling" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since most professional baseball games are nine innings long, the fifth inning is used as the threshold for an official game. If the visiting team is leading, or the game is tied, the end of the fifth inning marks this point. If the home team (which bats last) is already ahead in the score, and theoretically would not need its half of the fifth inning, then 41⁄2 innings (i.e., the middle of the fifth) is considered an official game. The game is also considered official if the home team scores to take the lead in the bottom of the fifth inning, since the game would end immediately if the same thing happened in the ninth.", "title": "Official game (baseball)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Green Bay Packers is a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) North division. It is the third - oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community - owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957.", "title": "Green Bay Packers" } ]	Which professional sports team would you not see play a home game in where the Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves takes place?	Brooklyn Nets NBA	[ "Brooklyn" ]	Title: Stadio Is Arenas Passage: Stadio Comunale "Is Arenas" is a sports stadium in Quartu Sant'Elena, Sardinia, Italy. It is mostly used for football games and was the home venue of Serie A club Cagliari Calcio for the 2012–13 season. Title: Buvik IL Passage: Buvik Idrettslag is a multi-sports team from Buvik in Skaun, Norway. In 2012, the club's first football team played in the Second Division, having won their Third Division conference in 2011. The team was, however, relegated after only one season in the Second Division. They play their home games at Buvik Stadion. Title: Everton F.C. Passage: The club also owned and operated a professional basketball team, by the name of Everton Tigers, who compete in the elite British Basketball League. The team was launched in the summer of 2007 as part of the clubs' Community programme, and play their home games at the Greenbank Sports Academy. The team was an amalgam of the Toxteth Tigers community youth programme which started in 1968. The team quickly became one of the most successful in the league winning the BBL Cup in 2009 and the play-offs in 2010. However Everton withdrew funding before the 2010–11 season and the team was re launched as the Mersey Tigers. Title: Washington Capitals Passage: The Washington Capitals are a professional ice hockey team based in Washington, D.C. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Capitals are owned by Monumental Sports & Entertainment, headed by Ted Leonsis. From 1974 to 1997 the Capitals played their home games at the Capital Centre, in Landover, Maryland (a suburb of Washington, D.C.). In 1997 the team moved to the arena now called Capital One Arena, their present home arena in Washington, D.C. Title: Sporting Cristal Passage: Sporting Cristal plays its home games at the Estadio Alberto Gallardo. They also play at the Estadio Nacional for international competitions such as Copa Libertadores or Copa Sudamericana. The Estadio Nacional is also the venue for matches against Universitario and Alianza Lima. Title: New York City Passage: New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer. The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues. Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882. The city has played host to over forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues, both current and historic. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area. Madison Square Garden, its predecessor, as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field, are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world, the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps. Title: BC Lions Passage: The BC Lions are a professional Canadian football team competing in the West Division of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Based in Vancouver, British Columbia, the Lions play their home games at BC Place. Title: Sports in the New York metropolitan area Passage: At Madison Square Garden, New Yorkers can watch the New York Knicks play NBA basketball, while the New York Liberty play in the WNBA. The Barclays Center in Brooklyn is home to the Brooklyn Nets NBA basketball team. The Nets began playing in Brooklyn in 2012, the first major professional sports team to play in the historic borough in half a century. Before the merger of the defunct American Basketball Association with the NBA during the 1976 -- 1977 season, the New York Nets, who shared the same home stadium (Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum) on Long Island with the NHL's New York Islanders, were a two - time champion in the ABA and starred the famous Hall of Fame forward Julius Erving. During the first season of the merger (1976 -- 77), the Nets continued to play on Long Island, although Erving's contract had by then been sold to the Philadelphia 76ers. The Nets transferred to New Jersey then next season and became known as the New Jersey Nets, and later moved to Brooklyn prior to the 2012 -- 2013 NBA season. Title: Sacramento Kings Passage: The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center. Title: Super League Passage: Super League began in 1996, replacing the RFL Championship and switching from a winter to a summer season. Each team plays 23 games between February and July: 11 home games, 11 away games and a Magic Weekend game at a neutral venue. After 23 games, teams enter a Super 8 stage, the top eight play each other once more. The top four then enter the play - off series leading to the Grand Final (formerly the Championship Final) which determines the champions. The bottom four teams go on to play the top four Championship teams in The Qualifiers to determine who will play in Super League the following season. Title: Soccer in the United States Passage: Soccer in the United States is governed by the United States Soccer Federation. The organization governs most levels of soccer in the country, including the national teams, professional leagues, and the amateur game with the exception of colleges and high schools. As of May 2015, over 24.4 million people play soccer in the United States. In 2017, Gallup reported that soccer was the third-most played team sport in the U.S., behind only basketball and American football. The popularity of the sport in the U.S. has been growing since the 1960s and 1970s, and received a significant boost when the United States hosted the 1994 FIFA World Cup and 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup. It is the fourth most popular sport in the United States behind American football, baseball and basketball, and is the second fastest growing sport in America, surpassed only by lacrosse. Title: GETEC Arena Passage: The GETEC Arena (until 2011: ""Bördelandhalle"") is an indoor sporting arena located in Magdeburg, Germany. The maximum capacity of the arena is 8,071 people for handball games and 8,820 for boxing matches. It is the current home to SC Magdeburg's Handball-Bundesliga team. Title: Official game (baseball) Passage: Since most professional baseball games are nine innings long, the fifth inning is used as the threshold for an official game. If the visiting team is leading, or the game is tied, the end of the fifth inning marks this point. If the home team (which bats last) is already ahead in the score, and theoretically would not need its half of the fifth inning, then 41⁄2 innings (i.e., the middle of the fifth) is considered an official game. The game is also considered official if the home team scores to take the lead in the bottom of the fifth inning, since the game would end immediately if the same thing happened in the ninth. Title: New York City Passage: The annual United States Open Tennis Championships is one of the world's four Grand Slam tennis tournaments and is held at the National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, Queens. The New York Marathon is one of the world's largest, and the 2004–2006 events hold the top three places in the marathons with the largest number of finishers, including 37,866 finishers in 2006. The Millrose Games is an annual track and field meet whose featured event is the Wanamaker Mile. Boxing is also a prominent part of the city's sporting scene, with events like the Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves being held at Madison Square Garden each year. The city is also considered the host of the Belmont Stakes, the last, longest and oldest of horse racing's Triple Crown races, held just over the city's border at Belmont Park on the first or second Sunday of June. The city also hosted the 1932 U.S. Open golf tournament and the 1930 and 1939 PGA Championships, and has been host city for both events several times, most notably for nearby Winged Foot Golf Club. Title: Curling Passage: Curling Curling games taking place during the 2005 Tim Hortons Brier Highest governing body World Curling Federation Nicknames Chess On Ice, The Roaring Game First played Approximately late medieval Scotland Registered players est. 1,500,000 Characteristics Contact No Team members 4 or 3 per team (2 in mixed doubles) Mixed gender Yes; see mixed curling Type Precision and accuracy Equipment Curling brooms, stones (rocks), curling shoes Venue Curling sheet Glossary Glossary of curling Presence Olympic First event in 1924 (retroactively made official in 2006). Demonstration sport in 1932, 1988 and 1992. Officially added in 1998. Paralympic Wheelchair curling officially added in 2006. Title: Green Bay Packers Passage: The Green Bay Packers is a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) North division. It is the third - oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community - owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957. Title: National Games of Pakistan Passage: The National Games of Pakistan is a multi-sport event held in Pakistan. It comprises various disciplines in which sportsmen from the different teams participate against each other. The games are organized by Pakistan Sports Board, Pakistan Olympic Association and the host province. First Edition of Quaid - e-Azam Inter Provincial Youth Games was already take place in Islamabad (1) Title: Vermont Lady Voltage Passage: Vermont Lady Voltage was a professional American women’s soccer team, founded in 2005, which is a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League. Voltage played in the Northern Division of the Central Conference. They play their home games at the Collins-Perley Sports Complex in the city of St. Albans, Vermont, 27 miles north of the state's largest city, Burlington. The team's colors are black and white, and gold and blue. The team was a sister organization of the men's Vermont Voltage team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League. Title: De Herdgang Passage: De Herdgang is a football training facility in Eindhoven, Netherlands. It serves as the training ground and youth academy of PSV Eindhoven and also accommodates its amateur teams. As of the 2014/2015 season Jong PSV play their home games at this facility. Title: World Open (snooker) Passage: Following Barry Hearn's takeover of the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association, the Grand Prix was reformatted and renamed to World Open. The event gave a chance for amateurs to play alongside professionals. The amateurs had to win 3 matches to qualify for the main draw. On 9 January 2012 it was announced, that the World Open would be held in the next five years in Haikou on the Hainan Island. In November 2014, it was announced that the tournament would not be held in the 2014 / 2015 season after the contract with the promoter was not renewed and a new venue was not found in time. The event returned in the 2016 / 2017 season.	[ "Sports in the New York metropolitan area", "New York City" ]
2hop__645448_77615	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "ROTC in the Philippines began in 1912 when the Philippine Constabulary commenced with military instruction at the University of the Philippines. The university's Board of Regents then made representations to the United States Department of War through the Governor - General and received the services of a United States Army officer who took on the duties of a professor of Military Science. Through this arrangement, the first official ROTC unit in the Philippines was established in the University of the Philippines on 3 July 1922.", "title": "Reserve Officers' Training Corps (Philippines)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Félix Enríquez Alcalá (sometimes credited as Felix Alcala) (born March 7, 1951 in Bakersfield, California) is an American film and television director.", "title": "Félix Enríquez Alcalá" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Helmut Schmidt University (), located in Hamburg, Germany, is a German military educational establishment that was founded in 1973 at the initiative of the then-Federal Minister of Defence, Helmut Schmidt. Originally known as the \"University of the Bundeswehr Hamburg\" (\"Universität der Bundeswehr\"), its complete official name today is \"Helmut-Schmidt-Universität/Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg\". Teaching first started in Autumn of 1973. It is one of two universities that were established by the Bundeswehr to train and educate its future and existing officers.", "title": "Helmut Schmidt University" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition, the Prussian military education system was superior to the French model; Prussian staff officers were trained to exhibit initiative and independent thinking. Indeed, this was Moltke's expectation. The French, meanwhile, suffered from an education and promotion system that stifled intellectual development. According to the military historian Dallas Irvine, the system \"was almost completely effective in excluding the army's brain power from the staff and high command. To the resulting lack of intelligence at the top can be ascribed all the inexcusable defects of French military policy.\"", "title": "Franco-Prussian War" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The North Dakota School for the Deaf (NDSD) is a state-funded residential school located in Devils Lake, North Dakota that provides services to meet the educational needs of children who are deaf and hard of hearing. NDSD is under the direction, control, and management of the North Dakota Department of Public Instruction. The current superintendent of the school is Dr. Connie Hovendick.", "title": "North Dakota School for the Deaf" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elementary and secondary public schools are overseen by the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction. The North Carolina Superintendent of Public Instruction is the secretary of the North Carolina State Board of Education, but the board, rather than the superintendent, holds most of the legal authority for making public education policy. In 2009, the board's chairman also became the \"chief executive officer\" for the state's school system. North Carolina has 115 public school systems, each of which is overseen by a local school board. A county may have one or more systems within it. The largest school systems in North Carolina are the Wake County Public School System, Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools, Guilford County Schools, Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools, and Cumberland County Schools. In total there are 2,425 public schools in the state, including 99 charter schools. North Carolina Schools were segregated until the Brown v. Board of Education trial and the release of the Pearsall Plan.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alexander Military Law Academy () (1867–1917) was an educational institution in Russian Empire that provided military law education for officers of Russian Army and Fleet. It was established in 1867 and named after his founder, Emperor Alexander II of Russia in 1908. The Academy was situated in St. Petersburg by 96 Moika Embankment, along with many other institutions of military education.", "title": "Alexander Military Law Academy" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy Established under the aegis of the Al-Ameen Educational Society in 1983. Al-Ameen Educational Society is one of the biggest minority education society in India established in the year 1966. Dr.Mumtaz Ahmed Khan is the founder of the Society. It was started to meet the needs of education in the city and of minority Muslim community.", "title": "Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grace Maxwell Fernald (November 29, 1879 – January 16, 1950) was an educational psychologist and influential figure in early twentieth century literacy education. Fernald established \"the first clinic for remedial instruction in 1921 at the University of California, Los Angeles\". Tracing tactile learning tendencies back to Quintilian, Séguin, and Montessori, Fernald's kinesthetic spelling and reading method prompted struggling students to trace words. Years of research culminated in 1943 with her classic work, \"Remedial Techniques in Basic School Subjects\". The popular kinesthetic method anchors modern instruction in the areas of special education and remedial reading. Kinesthetic learning is also included as one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences. Fernald's notion of incorporating the physical with the auditory, verbal, and visual elements of reading instruction, now known as \"VAKT\", multimodal learning, or multisensory imagery, continues to guide educators today.", "title": "Grace Fernald" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States Society for Education through Art (USSEA) is an American national association whose members work in curriculum development, teaching and research related to art education and cultural differences, and who share interests in art educational content and strategies which promote tolerance and appreciation of the arts of non-mainstream cultural peoples. The mission of the society is to promote greater understanding and respect for learners from all ethnic, minority, and socio-cultural backgrounds through research, art curricula, instruction, and practices that are inclusive and culturally sensitive.", "title": "United States Society for Education through Art" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to \"Free Vietnam\" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status. Collins' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism, by helping him to build an army and wage a military campaign. In February 1955, Eisenhower dispatched the first American soldiers to Vietnam as military advisors to Diem's army. After Diem announced the formation of the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, commonly known as South Vietnam) in October, Eisenhower immediately recognized the new state and offered military, economic, and technical assistance.", "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As Minister of Education Kannagara was placed in charge of implementing the recommendations. Among the reforms he introduced, which came into operation on 1 October 1945, were to make education free of charge for all students, to ensure that every student was provided with instruction in the religion of his / her parents, to prevent teachers from been exploited by managers of schools by having their wages paid directly by the government and to make adequate provisions for adult education in the country.", "title": "C. W. W. Kannangara" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Qur'anic schools (also known as dugsi) remain the basic system of traditional religious instruction in Somalia. They provide Islamic education for children, thereby filling a clear religious and social role in the country. Known as the most stable local, non-formal system of education providing basic religious and moral instruction, their strength rests on community support and their use of locally made and widely available teaching materials. The Qur'anic system, which teaches the greatest number of students relative to other educational sub-sectors, is oftentimes the only system accessible to Somalis in nomadic as compared to urban areas. A study from 1993 found, among other things, that \"unlike in primary schools where gender disparity is enormous, around 40 per cent of Qur'anic school pupils are girls; but the teaching staff have minimum or no qualification necessary to ensure intellectual development of children.\" To address these concerns, the Somali government on its own part subsequently established the Ministry of Endowment and Islamic Affairs, under which Qur'anic education is now regulated.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1968, Schwarzenegger and fellow bodybuilder Franco Columbu started a bricklaying business. The business flourished thanks to the pair's marketing savvy and an increased demand following the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. Schwarzenegger and Columbu used profits from their bricklaying venture to start a mail order business, selling bodybuilding and fitness-related equipment and instructional tapes.", "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following Syria's secession, Nasser grew concerned with Amer's inability to train and modernize the army, and with the state within a state Amer had created in the military command and intelligence apparatus. In late 1961, Nasser established the Presidential Council and decreed it the authority to approve all senior military appointments, instead of leaving this responsibility solely to Amer. Moreover, he instructed that the primary criterion for promotion should be merit and not personal loyalties. Nasser retracted the initiative after Amer's allies in the officers corps threatened to mobilize against him.", "title": "Gamal Abdel Nasser" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Brothers of Christian Instruction (, F.I.C.P.), commonly known as the La Mennais Brothers, is a Catholic educational organization founded in 1819 by Gabriel Deshayes and Jean-Marie de la Mennais for the instruction of youth. Their aim remains that of their Founder: \"to educate the young and to make Jesus Christ better known and better loved\".", "title": "Brothers of Christian Instruction" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tiberius Coruncanius (died 241 BC) was a consul of the Roman Republic in 280 BC. As a military commander in that year and the following, he was known for the battles against Pyrrhus of Epirus that led to the expression \"Pyrrhic victory\". He was the first plebeian Pontifex Maximus, and possibly the first teacher of Roman law to offer public instruction.", "title": "Tiberius Coruncanius" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He was born on August 18, 1926 to Ernesto Alcala and Elpidia Zarate in Daraga, Albay. Through a scholarship from Manila Times granted by the publisher Ramón Roces, he obtained a degree of Bachelor of Fine Arts in Painting at the University of the Philippines (UP) in 1950. He became a professor at the same university from 1951 to 1981. He also received the Australian Cultural Award accompanied by a travel study grant in 1975.", "title": "Larry Alcala" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2011, the Department of Education started to implement the new K - 12 educational system, which also included a new curriculum for all schools nationwide. The K - 12 program has a so - called ``phased implementation '', which started in S.Y 2011 - 2012.", "title": "Education in the Philippines" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The start of season 3 in fall 1987 found Larry and Balki in a new, larger apartment where Balki had his own room instead of sleeping on a fold - out sofa. External shots clearly depict a new apartment building. According to season 6, episode 13, Larry and Balki's address is 711 Coldwell Street, Apt # 209, Chicago, Illinois. The characters never made reference to the move, and Jennifer and Mary Anne were still co-tenants in the new surroundings.", "title": "Perfect Strangers (TV series)" } ]	When did military instruction start at the place where Larry Alcala was educated?	1912	[]	Title: Grace Fernald Passage: Grace Maxwell Fernald (November 29, 1879 – January 16, 1950) was an educational psychologist and influential figure in early twentieth century literacy education. Fernald established "the first clinic for remedial instruction in 1921 at the University of California, Los Angeles". Tracing tactile learning tendencies back to Quintilian, Séguin, and Montessori, Fernald's kinesthetic spelling and reading method prompted struggling students to trace words. Years of research culminated in 1943 with her classic work, "Remedial Techniques in Basic School Subjects". The popular kinesthetic method anchors modern instruction in the areas of special education and remedial reading. Kinesthetic learning is also included as one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences. Fernald's notion of incorporating the physical with the auditory, verbal, and visual elements of reading instruction, now known as "VAKT", multimodal learning, or multisensory imagery, continues to guide educators today. Title: Dwight D. Eisenhower Passage: In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status. Collins' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism, by helping him to build an army and wage a military campaign. In February 1955, Eisenhower dispatched the first American soldiers to Vietnam as military advisors to Diem's army. After Diem announced the formation of the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, commonly known as South Vietnam) in October, Eisenhower immediately recognized the new state and offered military, economic, and technical assistance. Title: Perfect Strangers (TV series) Passage: The start of season 3 in fall 1987 found Larry and Balki in a new, larger apartment where Balki had his own room instead of sleeping on a fold - out sofa. External shots clearly depict a new apartment building. According to season 6, episode 13, Larry and Balki's address is 711 Coldwell Street, Apt # 209, Chicago, Illinois. The characters never made reference to the move, and Jennifer and Mary Anne were still co-tenants in the new surroundings. Title: Brothers of Christian Instruction Passage: The Brothers of Christian Instruction (, F.I.C.P.), commonly known as the La Mennais Brothers, is a Catholic educational organization founded in 1819 by Gabriel Deshayes and Jean-Marie de la Mennais for the instruction of youth. Their aim remains that of their Founder: "to educate the young and to make Jesus Christ better known and better loved". Title: Helmut Schmidt University Passage: The Helmut Schmidt University (), located in Hamburg, Germany, is a German military educational establishment that was founded in 1973 at the initiative of the then-Federal Minister of Defence, Helmut Schmidt. Originally known as the "University of the Bundeswehr Hamburg" ("Universität der Bundeswehr"), its complete official name today is "Helmut-Schmidt-Universität/Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg". Teaching first started in Autumn of 1973. It is one of two universities that were established by the Bundeswehr to train and educate its future and existing officers. Title: Larry Alcala Passage: He was born on August 18, 1926 to Ernesto Alcala and Elpidia Zarate in Daraga, Albay. Through a scholarship from Manila Times granted by the publisher Ramón Roces, he obtained a degree of Bachelor of Fine Arts in Painting at the University of the Philippines (UP) in 1950. He became a professor at the same university from 1951 to 1981. He also received the Australian Cultural Award accompanied by a travel study grant in 1975. Title: Tiberius Coruncanius Passage: Tiberius Coruncanius (died 241 BC) was a consul of the Roman Republic in 280 BC. As a military commander in that year and the following, he was known for the battles against Pyrrhus of Epirus that led to the expression "Pyrrhic victory". He was the first plebeian Pontifex Maximus, and possibly the first teacher of Roman law to offer public instruction. Title: United States Society for Education through Art Passage: The United States Society for Education through Art (USSEA) is an American national association whose members work in curriculum development, teaching and research related to art education and cultural differences, and who share interests in art educational content and strategies which promote tolerance and appreciation of the arts of non-mainstream cultural peoples. The mission of the society is to promote greater understanding and respect for learners from all ethnic, minority, and socio-cultural backgrounds through research, art curricula, instruction, and practices that are inclusive and culturally sensitive. Title: Arnold Schwarzenegger Passage: In 1968, Schwarzenegger and fellow bodybuilder Franco Columbu started a bricklaying business. The business flourished thanks to the pair's marketing savvy and an increased demand following the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. Schwarzenegger and Columbu used profits from their bricklaying venture to start a mail order business, selling bodybuilding and fitness-related equipment and instructional tapes. Title: C. W. W. Kannangara Passage: As Minister of Education Kannagara was placed in charge of implementing the recommendations. Among the reforms he introduced, which came into operation on 1 October 1945, were to make education free of charge for all students, to ensure that every student was provided with instruction in the religion of his / her parents, to prevent teachers from been exploited by managers of schools by having their wages paid directly by the government and to make adequate provisions for adult education in the country. Title: Franco-Prussian War Passage: In addition, the Prussian military education system was superior to the French model; Prussian staff officers were trained to exhibit initiative and independent thinking. Indeed, this was Moltke's expectation. The French, meanwhile, suffered from an education and promotion system that stifled intellectual development. According to the military historian Dallas Irvine, the system "was almost completely effective in excluding the army's brain power from the staff and high command. To the resulting lack of intelligence at the top can be ascribed all the inexcusable defects of French military policy." Title: North Carolina Passage: Elementary and secondary public schools are overseen by the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction. The North Carolina Superintendent of Public Instruction is the secretary of the North Carolina State Board of Education, but the board, rather than the superintendent, holds most of the legal authority for making public education policy. In 2009, the board's chairman also became the "chief executive officer" for the state's school system. North Carolina has 115 public school systems, each of which is overseen by a local school board. A county may have one or more systems within it. The largest school systems in North Carolina are the Wake County Public School System, Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools, Guilford County Schools, Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools, and Cumberland County Schools. In total there are 2,425 public schools in the state, including 99 charter schools. North Carolina Schools were segregated until the Brown v. Board of Education trial and the release of the Pearsall Plan. Title: Somalis Passage: Qur'anic schools (also known as dugsi) remain the basic system of traditional religious instruction in Somalia. They provide Islamic education for children, thereby filling a clear religious and social role in the country. Known as the most stable local, non-formal system of education providing basic religious and moral instruction, their strength rests on community support and their use of locally made and widely available teaching materials. The Qur'anic system, which teaches the greatest number of students relative to other educational sub-sectors, is oftentimes the only system accessible to Somalis in nomadic as compared to urban areas. A study from 1993 found, among other things, that "unlike in primary schools where gender disparity is enormous, around 40 per cent of Qur'anic school pupils are girls; but the teaching staff have minimum or no qualification necessary to ensure intellectual development of children." To address these concerns, the Somali government on its own part subsequently established the Ministry of Endowment and Islamic Affairs, under which Qur'anic education is now regulated. Title: Gamal Abdel Nasser Passage: Following Syria's secession, Nasser grew concerned with Amer's inability to train and modernize the army, and with the state within a state Amer had created in the military command and intelligence apparatus. In late 1961, Nasser established the Presidential Council and decreed it the authority to approve all senior military appointments, instead of leaving this responsibility solely to Amer. Moreover, he instructed that the primary criterion for promotion should be merit and not personal loyalties. Nasser retracted the initiative after Amer's allies in the officers corps threatened to mobilize against him. Title: Reserve Officers' Training Corps (Philippines) Passage: ROTC in the Philippines began in 1912 when the Philippine Constabulary commenced with military instruction at the University of the Philippines. The university's Board of Regents then made representations to the United States Department of War through the Governor - General and received the services of a United States Army officer who took on the duties of a professor of Military Science. Through this arrangement, the first official ROTC unit in the Philippines was established in the University of the Philippines on 3 July 1922. Title: Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy Passage: Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy Established under the aegis of the Al-Ameen Educational Society in 1983. Al-Ameen Educational Society is one of the biggest minority education society in India established in the year 1966. Dr.Mumtaz Ahmed Khan is the founder of the Society. It was started to meet the needs of education in the city and of minority Muslim community. Title: Education in the Philippines Passage: In 2011, the Department of Education started to implement the new K - 12 educational system, which also included a new curriculum for all schools nationwide. The K - 12 program has a so - called ``phased implementation '', which started in S.Y 2011 - 2012. Title: Alexander Military Law Academy Passage: Alexander Military Law Academy () (1867–1917) was an educational institution in Russian Empire that provided military law education for officers of Russian Army and Fleet. It was established in 1867 and named after his founder, Emperor Alexander II of Russia in 1908. The Academy was situated in St. Petersburg by 96 Moika Embankment, along with many other institutions of military education. Title: North Dakota School for the Deaf Passage: The North Dakota School for the Deaf (NDSD) is a state-funded residential school located in Devils Lake, North Dakota that provides services to meet the educational needs of children who are deaf and hard of hearing. NDSD is under the direction, control, and management of the North Dakota Department of Public Instruction. The current superintendent of the school is Dr. Connie Hovendick. Title: Félix Enríquez Alcalá Passage: Félix Enríquez Alcalá (sometimes credited as Felix Alcala) (born March 7, 1951 in Bakersfield, California) is an American film and television director.	[ "Reserve Officers' Training Corps (Philippines)", "Larry Alcala" ]
2hop__85463_54688	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chunggang County is a \"kun\", or county, in northern Chagang province, North Korea. It was originally part of Huchang county in Ryanggang, and for that reason older sources still identify it as being part of Huchang. The county seat was originally known as Chunggangjin (중강진), but is now known as Chunggang \"ŭp\". Chunggang looks across the Yalu River at China, and borders Ryanggang province to the south.", "title": "Chunggang County" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Korea (Korean: ; MR: \"Chosŏn\" or literally ; MR: \"Pukchosŏn\"), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or DPR Korea; Korean: , \"Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk\"), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, with Pyongyang the capital and the largest city in the country. To the north and northwest, the country is bordered by China and by Russia along the Amnok (known as the Yalu in Chinese) and Tumen rivers and to the south it is bordered by South Korea, with the heavily fortified Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) separating the two. Nevertheless, North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands.", "title": "North Korea" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Officially, Kim Jong-un is part of a triumvirate heading the executive branch of the North Korean government along with Premier Kim Jae-ryong (no relation) and parliament president Choe Ryong-hae. Each nominally holds powers equivalent to a third of a president's powers in most presidential systems. Kim Jong-un commands the armed forces, Kim Jae-ryong heads the government and handles domestic affairs, and Choe Ryong-hae handles foreign relations. Nevertheless, it is generally understood that Kim Jong-un, like his father and grandfather before him, exercises absolute control over the government and the country. Indeed, a constitutional amendment enacted by his father explicitly named the NDC (first) chairman as \"the supreme leader of the Democratic People's Republic of North Korea\".On 30 November 2012, Kim met with Li Jianguo, who \"briefed Kim on the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China\", according to the state's official news agency, the Korean Central News Agency. A letter from Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, was hand-delivered during the discussion.On 9 March 2014, Kim Jong-un was elected to a seat in the Supreme People's Assembly, the country's unicameral legislature. He ran unopposed, but voters had the choice of voting yes or no. There was a record turnout of voters and, according to government officials, all voted \"yes\" in his home district of Mount Paekdu. The Supreme People's Assembly subsequently elected him first chairman of the National Defense Commission.", "title": "Kim Jong-un" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ko Yong-hui (; 26 June 1952 – 13 August 2004), also spelled Ko Young-hee, was the North Korean supreme leader Kim Jong-il's consort and the mother of North Korea's current leader, Kim Jong-un. Within North Korea she is only referred to by titles, such as \"The Respected Mother who is the Most Faithful and Loyal 'Subject' to the Dear Leader Comrade Supreme Commander\", \"The Mother of Pyongyang\", and \"The Mother of Great Songun Korea.\"", "title": "Ko Yong-hui" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By August, the KPA had pushed back the ROK Army and the Eighth United States Army to the vicinity of Pusan in southeast Korea. In their southward advance, the KPA purged the Republic of Korea's intelligentsia by killing civil servants and intellectuals. On 20 August, General MacArthur warned North Korean leader Kim Il-sung that he was responsible for the KPA's atrocities. By September, the UN Command controlled the Pusan perimeter, enclosing about 10% of Korea, in a line partially defined by the Nakdong River.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Korean side of the river was heavily industrialized during the period of Japanese rule (1910 -- 1945), and by 1945 almost 20% of Imperial Japan's total industrial output originated in Korea. During the Korean War, the movement of United Nations troops approaching the river precipitated massive Chinese intervention from around Dandong. In the course of the conflict every bridge across the river except one was destroyed. The one remaining bridge was the Sino -- Korean Friendship Bridge connecting Sinuiju, North Korea to Dandong, China. During the war the valley surrounding the western end of the river also became the focal point of a series of dogfights for air superiority over North Korea, earning the nickname ``MiG Alley ''in reference to the MiG - 15 fighters flown by the combined North Korean, Chinese and Soviet forces.", "title": "Yalu River" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The resultant South Korean government promulgated a national political constitution on 17 July 1948, and elected Syngman Rhee as president on 20 July 1948. The Republic of Korea (South Korea) was established on 15 August 1948. In the Soviet Korean Zone of Occupation, the Soviet Union established a communist government led by Kim Il - sung.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the conclusion of World War II the Allied nations began the process of disarmament of Axis controlled regions. Japan occupied Korea at this time and had been in control since 1910. In 1945, the decision was made to have American Marines forces oversee Japanese surrender and disarmament south of the 38th parallel and the Soviet Union would facilitate the change of power to the north. At the time there was no political motivation and seemed to be a logical and convenient plan of action. The original agreement and intent was to create a unified and independent Korea out of the post Japanese occupation era. Instead each side of the 38th parallel established its own government under the influence of the occupational country; the United States in South Korea and the Soviet Union in North Korea. Both new Korean governments discredited the other and claimed to be the only legitimate political system. Tensions between the North and South escalated and each side began to petition foreign powers for resources and support. South Korea wanted weapons and supplies from Truman and the United States government while North Korea sought help from Stalin and the Soviet Union. The United States was still war weary from the disruptive World War II campaign and refused South Korea's request for weapons and troops. North Korea convinced the Soviet Union to supply them with the weapons and support they requested. This decision coincided with the United States withdrawing the last remaining combat troops from South Korea. North Korea saw its opportunity and attacked South Korean forces at the 38th parallel on June 25, 1950 and thus initiating the Korean War.", "title": "United States in the Korean War" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In contrast, the ROK Army defenders were relatively unprepared and ill-equipped. In South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu (1961), R.E. Appleman reports the ROK forces' low combat readiness as of 25 June 1950. The ROK Army had 98,000 soldiers (65,000 combat, 33,000 support), no tanks (they had been requested from the U.S. military, but requests were denied), and a 22-piece air force comprising 12 liaison-type and 10 AT6 advanced-trainer airplanes. There were no large foreign military garrisons in Korea at the time of the invasion, but there were large U.S. garrisons and air forces in Japan.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usi County is a \"kun\", or county, in westernmost Chagang Province, North Korea. It looks across the Yalu River into the People's Republic of China. Within North Korea, it borders Chosan and Kopung to the east, Songwon to the south, and North Pyongan Province's Pyoktong county to the west. Originally part of Pyoktong, it was made a separate county in 1952 as part of a general reorganization of local government; in 1954, it was transferred from North Pyongan to Chagang.", "title": "Usi County" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the first two months of the conflict, South Korean forces were on the point of defeat, forced back to the Pusan Perimeter. In September 1950, an amphibious UN counter-offensive was launched at Inchon, and cut off many of the North Korean attackers. Those that escaped envelopment and capture were rapidly forced back north all the way to the border with China at the Yalu River, or into the mountainous interior. At this point, in October 1950, Chinese forces crossed the Yalu and entered the war. Chinese intervention triggered a retreat of UN forces which continued until mid-1951. After these dramatic reversals of fortune, which saw Seoul change hands four times, the last two years of conflict became a war of attrition, with the front line close to the 38th parallel. The war in the air, however, was never a stalemate. North Korea was subject to a massive bombing campaign. Jet fighters confronted each other in air-to-air combat for the first time in history, and Soviet pilots covertly flew in defense of their Communist allies.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In response to North Korea's invasion into South Korea the United Nations convened to formulate a response. The U.N. demanded North Korea's immediate withdrawal and, when this was not met, United States Army General Douglas MacArthur was appointed supreme commander of U.N. forces. To halt the rapid progress of North Korean forces into the south Task Force Smith was deployed to the Korean front from Japan. Task Force Smith consisted of U.S. Army officers and regiments of the Army's 24th Infantry Division that were stationed in Japan as occupational forces. Unfortunately the 24th were under trained, poorly supplied, and outnumbered. The 24th offered very little resistance against the North Korean advance. American and South Korean troops were pushed south and in late July 1950 Task Force Smith was overrun in the city of Taejon. Troops from the Army's 25th Infantry Division were deployed to Taejon to establish a new line and pullout the decimated 24th I.D. This addition of combat troops did not stop the North Korean advance and both American and South Korean troops were pushed further south.", "title": "United States in the Korean War" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After a new wave of UN sanctions, on 11 March 2013, North Korea claimed that it had invalidated the 1953 armistice. On 13 March 2013, North Korea confirmed it ended the 1953 Armistice and declared North Korea \"is not restrained by the North-South declaration on non-aggression\". On 30 March 2013, North Korea stated that it had entered a \"state of war\" with South Korea and declared that \"The long-standing situation of the Korean peninsula being neither at peace nor at war is finally over\". Speaking on 4 April 2013, the U.S. Secretary of Defense, Chuck Hagel, informed the press that Pyongyang had \"formally informed\" the Pentagon that it had \"ratified\" the potential usage of a nuclear weapon against South Korea, Japan and the United States of America, including Guam and Hawaii. Hagel also stated that the United States would deploy the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense anti-ballistic missile system to Guam, because of a credible and realistic nuclear threat from North Korea.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bukhan River (North Han River) is a tributary of the Han River that flows through both North and South Korea. It traverses Kangwon province in North Korea and Gangwon and Gyeonggi provinces in South Korea.", "title": "Bukhan River" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By 1 October 1950, the UN Command repelled the KPA northwards past the 38th parallel; the ROK Army crossed after them, into North Korea. MacArthur made a statement demanding the KPA's unconditional surrender. Six days later, on 7 October, with UN authorization, the UN Command forces followed the ROK forces northwards. The X Corps landed at Wonsan (in southeastern North Korea) and Riwon (in northeastern North Korea), already captured by ROK forces. The Eighth U.S. Army and the ROK Army drove up western Korea and captured Pyongyang city, the North Korean capital, on 19 October 1950. The 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team (\"Rakkasans\") made their first of two combat jumps during the Korean War on 20 October 1950 at Sunchon and Sukchon. The missions of the 187th were to cut the road north going to China, preventing North Korean leaders from escaping from Pyongyang; and to rescue American prisoners of war. At month's end, UN forces held 135,000 KPA prisoners of war. As they neared the Sino-Korean border, the UN forces in the west were divided from those in the east by 50–100 miles of mountainous terrain.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1 or Gwangmyeongseong-1 (Chosungul: , Hanja: , meaning Bright Star 1) was a satellite allegedly launched by North Korea on 31 August 1998. While the North Korean government claimed that the launch was successful, no objects were ever tracked in orbit from the launch, and outside North Korea it is considered to have been a failure. It was the first satellite to be launched as part of the Kwangmyŏngsŏng program, and the first satellite that North Korea attempted to launch.", "title": "Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Premier of the Cabinet (Chosŏn'gŭl: 총리; Hancha: 總理; MR: Chongni) is nominally the non-executive head of government of North Korea. The office is also alternatively known as Prime Minister of North Korea. The current premier is Pak Pong - ju.", "title": "Premier of North Korea" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Linjiang Yalu River Bridge () is a bridge over the Yalu River, connecting Linjiang City, Jilin Province, China, with Chunggang County, Chagang Province, North Korea. It was built by the Japanese in 1938 and Linjiang Border Post is located there. A little downstream from the bridge is Yunfeng Dam.", "title": "Linjiang Yalu River Bridge" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nuclear tests Information Country North Korea Test site Punggye - ri Nuclear Test Site, North Korea Period 2006 -- present Number of tests 6 Test type underground Max. yield ~ 140 kt (U.S. intelligence) 160 kt (Revised estimates from Japanese Government) 250 kt (38 North and revised NORSAR estimate)", "title": "List of nuclear weapons tests of North Korea" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "UN forces retreated to Suwon in the west, Wonju in the center, and the territory north of Samcheok in the east, where the battlefront stabilized and held. The PVA had outrun its logistics capability and thus were unable to press on beyond Seoul as food, ammunition, and matériel were carried nightly, on foot and bicycle, from the border at the Yalu River to the three battle lines. In late January, upon finding that the PVA had abandoned their battle lines, General Ridgway ordered a reconnaissance-in-force, which became Operation Roundup (5 February 1951). A full-scale X Corps advance proceeded, which fully exploited the UN Command's air superiority, concluding with the UN reaching the Han River and recapturing Wonju.", "title": "Korean War" } ]	What type of government did North Korea have during the conflict when UN troops approached the Yalu River?	a communist government	[]	Title: Usi County Passage: Usi County is a "kun", or county, in westernmost Chagang Province, North Korea. It looks across the Yalu River into the People's Republic of China. Within North Korea, it borders Chosan and Kopung to the east, Songwon to the south, and North Pyongan Province's Pyoktong county to the west. Originally part of Pyoktong, it was made a separate county in 1952 as part of a general reorganization of local government; in 1954, it was transferred from North Pyongan to Chagang. Title: Premier of North Korea Passage: The Premier of the Cabinet (Chosŏn'gŭl: 총리; Hancha: 總理; MR: Chongni) is nominally the non-executive head of government of North Korea. The office is also alternatively known as Prime Minister of North Korea. The current premier is Pak Pong - ju. Title: Korean War Passage: In contrast, the ROK Army defenders were relatively unprepared and ill-equipped. In South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu (1961), R.E. Appleman reports the ROK forces' low combat readiness as of 25 June 1950. The ROK Army had 98,000 soldiers (65,000 combat, 33,000 support), no tanks (they had been requested from the U.S. military, but requests were denied), and a 22-piece air force comprising 12 liaison-type and 10 AT6 advanced-trainer airplanes. There were no large foreign military garrisons in Korea at the time of the invasion, but there were large U.S. garrisons and air forces in Japan. Title: Ko Yong-hui Passage: Ko Yong-hui (; 26 June 1952 – 13 August 2004), also spelled Ko Young-hee, was the North Korean supreme leader Kim Jong-il's consort and the mother of North Korea's current leader, Kim Jong-un. Within North Korea she is only referred to by titles, such as "The Respected Mother who is the Most Faithful and Loyal 'Subject' to the Dear Leader Comrade Supreme Commander", "The Mother of Pyongyang", and "The Mother of Great Songun Korea." Title: Chunggang County Passage: Chunggang County is a "kun", or county, in northern Chagang province, North Korea. It was originally part of Huchang county in Ryanggang, and for that reason older sources still identify it as being part of Huchang. The county seat was originally known as Chunggangjin (중강진), but is now known as Chunggang "ŭp". Chunggang looks across the Yalu River at China, and borders Ryanggang province to the south. Title: United States in the Korean War Passage: In response to North Korea's invasion into South Korea the United Nations convened to formulate a response. The U.N. demanded North Korea's immediate withdrawal and, when this was not met, United States Army General Douglas MacArthur was appointed supreme commander of U.N. forces. To halt the rapid progress of North Korean forces into the south Task Force Smith was deployed to the Korean front from Japan. Task Force Smith consisted of U.S. Army officers and regiments of the Army's 24th Infantry Division that were stationed in Japan as occupational forces. Unfortunately the 24th were under trained, poorly supplied, and outnumbered. The 24th offered very little resistance against the North Korean advance. American and South Korean troops were pushed south and in late July 1950 Task Force Smith was overrun in the city of Taejon. Troops from the Army's 25th Infantry Division were deployed to Taejon to establish a new line and pullout the decimated 24th I.D. This addition of combat troops did not stop the North Korean advance and both American and South Korean troops were pushed further south. Title: Korean War Passage: The resultant South Korean government promulgated a national political constitution on 17 July 1948, and elected Syngman Rhee as president on 20 July 1948. The Republic of Korea (South Korea) was established on 15 August 1948. In the Soviet Korean Zone of Occupation, the Soviet Union established a communist government led by Kim Il - sung. Title: United States in the Korean War Passage: At the conclusion of World War II the Allied nations began the process of disarmament of Axis controlled regions. Japan occupied Korea at this time and had been in control since 1910. In 1945, the decision was made to have American Marines forces oversee Japanese surrender and disarmament south of the 38th parallel and the Soviet Union would facilitate the change of power to the north. At the time there was no political motivation and seemed to be a logical and convenient plan of action. The original agreement and intent was to create a unified and independent Korea out of the post Japanese occupation era. Instead each side of the 38th parallel established its own government under the influence of the occupational country; the United States in South Korea and the Soviet Union in North Korea. Both new Korean governments discredited the other and claimed to be the only legitimate political system. Tensions between the North and South escalated and each side began to petition foreign powers for resources and support. South Korea wanted weapons and supplies from Truman and the United States government while North Korea sought help from Stalin and the Soviet Union. The United States was still war weary from the disruptive World War II campaign and refused South Korea's request for weapons and troops. North Korea convinced the Soviet Union to supply them with the weapons and support they requested. This decision coincided with the United States withdrawing the last remaining combat troops from South Korea. North Korea saw its opportunity and attacked South Korean forces at the 38th parallel on June 25, 1950 and thus initiating the Korean War. Title: Korean War Passage: By August, the KPA had pushed back the ROK Army and the Eighth United States Army to the vicinity of Pusan in southeast Korea. In their southward advance, the KPA purged the Republic of Korea's intelligentsia by killing civil servants and intellectuals. On 20 August, General MacArthur warned North Korean leader Kim Il-sung that he was responsible for the KPA's atrocities. By September, the UN Command controlled the Pusan perimeter, enclosing about 10% of Korea, in a line partially defined by the Nakdong River. Title: Korean War Passage: After the first two months of the conflict, South Korean forces were on the point of defeat, forced back to the Pusan Perimeter. In September 1950, an amphibious UN counter-offensive was launched at Inchon, and cut off many of the North Korean attackers. Those that escaped envelopment and capture were rapidly forced back north all the way to the border with China at the Yalu River, or into the mountainous interior. At this point, in October 1950, Chinese forces crossed the Yalu and entered the war. Chinese intervention triggered a retreat of UN forces which continued until mid-1951. After these dramatic reversals of fortune, which saw Seoul change hands four times, the last two years of conflict became a war of attrition, with the front line close to the 38th parallel. The war in the air, however, was never a stalemate. North Korea was subject to a massive bombing campaign. Jet fighters confronted each other in air-to-air combat for the first time in history, and Soviet pilots covertly flew in defense of their Communist allies. Title: North Korea Passage: North Korea (Korean: ; MR: "Chosŏn" or literally ; MR: "Pukchosŏn"), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or DPR Korea; Korean: , "Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk"), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, with Pyongyang the capital and the largest city in the country. To the north and northwest, the country is bordered by China and by Russia along the Amnok (known as the Yalu in Chinese) and Tumen rivers and to the south it is bordered by South Korea, with the heavily fortified Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) separating the two. Nevertheless, North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands. Title: Korean War Passage: After a new wave of UN sanctions, on 11 March 2013, North Korea claimed that it had invalidated the 1953 armistice. On 13 March 2013, North Korea confirmed it ended the 1953 Armistice and declared North Korea "is not restrained by the North-South declaration on non-aggression". On 30 March 2013, North Korea stated that it had entered a "state of war" with South Korea and declared that "The long-standing situation of the Korean peninsula being neither at peace nor at war is finally over". Speaking on 4 April 2013, the U.S. Secretary of Defense, Chuck Hagel, informed the press that Pyongyang had "formally informed" the Pentagon that it had "ratified" the potential usage of a nuclear weapon against South Korea, Japan and the United States of America, including Guam and Hawaii. Hagel also stated that the United States would deploy the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense anti-ballistic missile system to Guam, because of a credible and realistic nuclear threat from North Korea. Title: Korean War Passage: By 1 October 1950, the UN Command repelled the KPA northwards past the 38th parallel; the ROK Army crossed after them, into North Korea. MacArthur made a statement demanding the KPA's unconditional surrender. Six days later, on 7 October, with UN authorization, the UN Command forces followed the ROK forces northwards. The X Corps landed at Wonsan (in southeastern North Korea) and Riwon (in northeastern North Korea), already captured by ROK forces. The Eighth U.S. Army and the ROK Army drove up western Korea and captured Pyongyang city, the North Korean capital, on 19 October 1950. The 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team ("Rakkasans") made their first of two combat jumps during the Korean War on 20 October 1950 at Sunchon and Sukchon. The missions of the 187th were to cut the road north going to China, preventing North Korean leaders from escaping from Pyongyang; and to rescue American prisoners of war. At month's end, UN forces held 135,000 KPA prisoners of war. As they neared the Sino-Korean border, the UN forces in the west were divided from those in the east by 50–100 miles of mountainous terrain. Title: Bukhan River Passage: The Bukhan River (North Han River) is a tributary of the Han River that flows through both North and South Korea. It traverses Kangwon province in North Korea and Gangwon and Gyeonggi provinces in South Korea. Title: Korean War Passage: UN forces retreated to Suwon in the west, Wonju in the center, and the territory north of Samcheok in the east, where the battlefront stabilized and held. The PVA had outrun its logistics capability and thus were unable to press on beyond Seoul as food, ammunition, and matériel were carried nightly, on foot and bicycle, from the border at the Yalu River to the three battle lines. In late January, upon finding that the PVA had abandoned their battle lines, General Ridgway ordered a reconnaissance-in-force, which became Operation Roundup (5 February 1951). A full-scale X Corps advance proceeded, which fully exploited the UN Command's air superiority, concluding with the UN reaching the Han River and recapturing Wonju. Title: Kim Jong-un Passage: Officially, Kim Jong-un is part of a triumvirate heading the executive branch of the North Korean government along with Premier Kim Jae-ryong (no relation) and parliament president Choe Ryong-hae. Each nominally holds powers equivalent to a third of a president's powers in most presidential systems. Kim Jong-un commands the armed forces, Kim Jae-ryong heads the government and handles domestic affairs, and Choe Ryong-hae handles foreign relations. Nevertheless, it is generally understood that Kim Jong-un, like his father and grandfather before him, exercises absolute control over the government and the country. Indeed, a constitutional amendment enacted by his father explicitly named the NDC (first) chairman as "the supreme leader of the Democratic People's Republic of North Korea".On 30 November 2012, Kim met with Li Jianguo, who "briefed Kim on the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China", according to the state's official news agency, the Korean Central News Agency. A letter from Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, was hand-delivered during the discussion.On 9 March 2014, Kim Jong-un was elected to a seat in the Supreme People's Assembly, the country's unicameral legislature. He ran unopposed, but voters had the choice of voting yes or no. There was a record turnout of voters and, according to government officials, all voted "yes" in his home district of Mount Paekdu. The Supreme People's Assembly subsequently elected him first chairman of the National Defense Commission. Title: Yalu River Passage: The Korean side of the river was heavily industrialized during the period of Japanese rule (1910 -- 1945), and by 1945 almost 20% of Imperial Japan's total industrial output originated in Korea. During the Korean War, the movement of United Nations troops approaching the river precipitated massive Chinese intervention from around Dandong. In the course of the conflict every bridge across the river except one was destroyed. The one remaining bridge was the Sino -- Korean Friendship Bridge connecting Sinuiju, North Korea to Dandong, China. During the war the valley surrounding the western end of the river also became the focal point of a series of dogfights for air superiority over North Korea, earning the nickname ``MiG Alley ''in reference to the MiG - 15 fighters flown by the combined North Korean, Chinese and Soviet forces. Title: List of nuclear weapons tests of North Korea Passage: Nuclear tests Information Country North Korea Test site Punggye - ri Nuclear Test Site, North Korea Period 2006 -- present Number of tests 6 Test type underground Max. yield ~ 140 kt (U.S. intelligence) 160 kt (Revised estimates from Japanese Government) 250 kt (38 North and revised NORSAR estimate) Title: Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1 Passage: Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1 or Gwangmyeongseong-1 (Chosungul: , Hanja: , meaning Bright Star 1) was a satellite allegedly launched by North Korea on 31 August 1998. While the North Korean government claimed that the launch was successful, no objects were ever tracked in orbit from the launch, and outside North Korea it is considered to have been a failure. It was the first satellite to be launched as part of the Kwangmyŏngsŏng program, and the first satellite that North Korea attempted to launch. Title: Linjiang Yalu River Bridge Passage: The Linjiang Yalu River Bridge () is a bridge over the Yalu River, connecting Linjiang City, Jilin Province, China, with Chunggang County, Chagang Province, North Korea. It was built by the Japanese in 1938 and Linjiang Border Post is located there. A little downstream from the bridge is Yunfeng Dam.	[ "Yalu River", "Korean War" ]
2hop__39231_17335	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late nineteenth century. The empire allied with Germany in the early 20th century, with the imperial ambition of recovering its lost territories, joining in World War I to achieve this ambition on the side of Germany and the Central Powers. While the Empire was able to largely hold its own during the conflict, it was struggling with internal dissent, especially with the Arab Revolt in its Arabian holdings. Starting before the war, but growing increasingly common and violent during it, major atrocities were committed by the Ottoman government against the Armenians, Assyrians and Pontic Greeks. The Empire's defeat and the occupation of part of its territory by the Allied Powers in the aftermath of World War I resulted in the emergence of a new state, Turkey, in the Ottoman Anatolian heartland following the Turkish War of Independence, as well as the founding of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire.", "title": "Ottoman Empire" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British imperial strength was underpinned by the steamship and the telegraph, new technologies invented in the second half of the 19th century, allowing it to control and defend the Empire. By 1902, the British Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables, the so-called All Red Line. Growing until 1922, around 13,000,000 square miles (34,000,000 km2) of territory and roughly 458 million people were added to the British Empire. The British established colonies in Australia in 1788, New Zealand in 1840 and Fiji in 1872, with much of Oceania becoming part of the British Empire.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peace negotiations at the Congress of Paris resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 30 March 1856. In compliance with article III, Russia restored to the Ottoman Empire the city and citadel of Kars in common with \"all other parts of the Ottoman territory of which the Russian troop were in possession\". Russia ceded some land in Bessarabia at the mouth of the Danube to Moldavia. By article IV The United Kingdom, France, Sardinia and Turkey restored to Russia \"the towns and ports of Sevastopol, Balaklava, Kamish, Eupatoria, Kerch, Jenikale, Kinburn, as well as all other territories occupied by the allied troops\". In conformity with article XI and XIII, the Tsar and the Sultan agreed not to establish any naval or military arsenal on the Black Sea coast. The Black Sea clauses weakened Russia, and it no longer posed a naval threat to the Ottomans. The principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were nominally returned to the Ottoman Empire; in practice they became independent. The Great Powers pledged to respect the independence and territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire.:432–33", "title": "Crimean War" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bohemia prospered in the 14th century, and the Golden Bull of 1356 made the king of Bohemia first among the imperial electors, but the Hussite revolution threw the country into crisis. The Holy Roman Empire passed to the Habsburgs in 1438, where it remained until its dissolution in 1806. Yet in spite of the extensive territories held by the Habsburgs, the Empire itself remained fragmented, and much real power and influence lay with the individual principalities. In addition, financial institutions, such as the Hanseatic League and the Fugger family, held great power, on both economic and a political levels.", "title": "Late Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guinea-Bissau was once part of the kingdom of Gabu, part of the Mali Empire; parts of this kingdom persisted until the 18th century. Other parts of the territory in the current country were considered by the Portuguese as part of their empire. Portuguese Guinea was known as the Slave Coast, as it was a major area for the exportation of African slaves by Europeans to the western hemisphere. Previously slaves had been traded by Arabs north to the northern part of Africa and into the Middle East.", "title": "Guinea-Bissau" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ali Suat Hayri Ürgüplü (13 August 1903, Damascus, Ottoman Empire – 26 December 1981, Istanbul, Turkey) was a Turkish politician. He served a brief term as Prime Minister of Turkey in 1965. He was also the last Prime Minister to be born outside the territory of present-day Turkey, being born in Damascus, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire.", "title": "Suat Hayri Ürgüplü" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Germanic peoples during the Migrations Period came into contact with other peoples; in the case of the populations settling in the territory of modern Germany, they encountered Celts to the south, and Balts and Slavs towards the east. The Limes Germanicus was breached in AD 260. Migrating Germanic tribes commingled with the local Gallo-Roman populations in what is now Swabia and Bavaria. The arrival of the Huns in Europe resulted in Hun conquest of large parts of Eastern Europe, the Huns initially were allies of the Roman Empire who fought against Germanic tribes, but later the Huns cooperated with the Germanic tribe of the Ostrogoths, and large numbers of Germans lived within the lands of the Hunnic Empire of Attila. Attila had both Hunnic and Germanic families and prominent Germanic chiefs amongst his close entourage in Europe. The Huns living in Germanic territories in Eastern Europe adopted an East Germanic language as their lingua franca. A major part of Attila's army were Germans, during the Huns' campaign against the Roman Empire. After Attila's unexpected death the Hunnic Empire collapsed with the Huns disappearing as a people in Europe – who either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans.", "title": "Germans" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The European powers recognized the islands as part of the Spanish East Indies in 1874. However, Spain sold the islands to the German Empire in 1884, and they became part of German New Guinea in 1885. In World War I the Empire of Japan occupied the Marshall Islands, which in 1919 the League of Nations combined with other former German territories to form the South Pacific Mandate. In World War II, the United States conquered the islands in the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign. Along with other Pacific Islands, the Marshall Islands were then consolidated into the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands governed by the US. Self-government was achieved in 1979, and full sovereignty in 1986, under a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Marshall Islands has been a United Nations member state since 1991.", "title": "Marshall Islands" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portugal was the first European power to establish a bridgehead on the lucrative maritime Southeast Asia trade route, with the conquest of the Sultanate of Malacca in 1511. The Netherlands and Spain followed and soon superseded Portugal as the main European powers in the region. In 1599, Spain began to colonise the Philippines. In 1619, acting through the Dutch East India Company, the Dutch took the city of Sunda Kelapa, renamed it Batavia (now Jakarta) as a base for trading and expansion into the other parts of Java and the surrounding territory. In 1641, the Dutch took Malacca from the Portuguese. Economic opportunities attracted Overseas Chinese to the region in great numbers. In 1775, the Lanfang Republic, possibly the first republic in the region, was established in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, as a tributary state of the Qing Empire; the republic lasted until 1884, when it fell under Dutch occupation as Qing influence waned.", "title": "European colonisation of Southeast Asia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The earliest recorded history of the region dates back to about 500 BCE when much, if not all, of modern Tajikistan was part of the Achaemenid Empire. Some authors have also suggested that in the 7th and 6th century BCE parts of modern Tajikistan, including territories in the Zeravshan valley, formed part of Kambojas before it became part of the Achaemenid Empire. After the region's conquest by Alexander the Great it became part of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, a successor state of Alexander's empire. Northern Tajikistan (the cities of Khujand and Panjakent) was part of Sogdia, a collection of city-states which was overrun by Scythians and Yuezhi nomadic tribes around 150 BCE. The Silk Road passed through the region and following the expedition of Chinese explorer Zhang Qian during the reign of Wudi (141–87 BCE) commercial relations between Han China and Sogdiana flourished. Sogdians played a major role in facilitating trade and also worked in other capacities, as farmers, carpetweavers, glassmakers, and woodcarvers.", "title": "Tajikistan" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Serbian Empire ( / , ) is a historiographical term for the empire in the Balkan peninsula that emerged from the medieval Serbian Kingdom. It was established in 1346 by King Stefan Dušan, known as \"the Mighty\", who significantly expanded the state. Under Dušan's rule Serbia was the major power in the Balkans, and a multi-lingual empire that stretched from the Danube to the Gulf of Corinth, with its capital in Skopje. He also promoted the Serbian Archbishopric to the Serbian Patriarchate. His son and successor, Uroš the Weak, lost most of the territory conquered by Dušan, hence his epithet. The Serbian Empire effectively ended with the death of Uroš V in 1371 and the break-up of the Serbian state. Some successors of Stefan V claimed the title of Emperor in parts of Serbia until 1402, but the territory in Greece was never recovered.", "title": "Serbian Empire" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gallic Empire () or the Gallic Roman Empire are names used in modern historiography for a breakaway part of the Roman Empire that functioned \"de facto\" as a separate state from 260 to 274. It originated during the Crisis of the Third Century, when a series of Roman military leaders and aristocrats declared themselves emperors and took control of Gaul and adjacent provinces without attempting to conquer Italy or otherwise seize the central Roman administrative apparatus.", "title": "Gallic Empire" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pope Leo X called Croatia the \"Antemurale Christianitatis\" (\"Bulwark of Christianity\") in 1519, given that Croatian soldiers made significant contributions to the struggle against the Turks. The advancement of the Ottoman Empire in Europe was stopped in 1593 on Croatian soil (Battle of Sisak). Nevertheless, the Muslim Ottoman Empire occupied parts of Croatia from the 16th to the end of the 17th century.", "title": "Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The powder keg of Europe or Balkan powder keg was the Balkans in the early part of the 20th century preceding World War I. There were a number of overlapping claims to territories and spheres of influence between the major European powers such as the Russian Empire, the Austro - Hungarian Empire, the German Empire and, to a lesser degree, the Ottoman Empire, the United Kingdom and Kingdom of Italy.", "title": "Powder keg of Europe" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Economic and political migrations made an impact across the empire. For example, the Russian and Austria-Habsburg annexation of the Crimean and Balkan regions respectively saw large influxes of Muslim refugees – 200,000 Crimean Tartars fleeing to Dobruja. Between 1783 and 1913, approximately 5–7 million refugees flooded into the Ottoman Empire, at least 3.8 million of whom were from Russia. Some migrations left indelible marks such as political tension between parts of the empire (e.g. Turkey and Bulgaria) whereas centrifugal effects were noticed in other territories, simpler demographics emerging from diverse populations. Economies were also impacted with the loss of artisans, merchants, manufacturers and agriculturists. Since the 19th century, a large proportion of Muslim peoples from the Balkans emigrated to present-day Turkey. These people are called Muhacir. By the time the Ottoman Empire came to an end in 1922, half of the urban population of Turkey was descended from Muslim refugees from Russia.", "title": "Ottoman Empire" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek (Hellenic) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year. At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, Africa and Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science. For example, competitive public games took place, ideas in biology, and popular entertainment in theaters. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration, compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era. The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism. Greek Science was advanced by the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes. The religious sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and the Greek adoption of Buddhism.", "title": "Hellenistic period" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The French and Indian War (1754 -- 63) was a watershed event in the political development of the colonies. It was also part of the larger Seven Years' War. The influence of the main rivals of the British Crown in the colonies and Canada, the French and North American Indians, was significantly reduced with the territory of the Thirteen Colonies expanding into New France both in Canada and the Louisiana Territory. Moreover, the war effort resulted in greater political integration of the colonies, as reflected in the Albany Congress and symbolized by Benjamin Franklin's call for the colonies to ``Join or Die ''. Franklin was a man of many inventions -- one of which was the concept of a United States of America, which emerged after 1765 and was realized in July 1776.", "title": "History of the United States" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day Hungary (except the western part) and other Central European territories. He then laid siege to Vienna in 1529, but failed to take the city. In 1532, he made another attack on Vienna, but was repulsed in the Siege of Güns. Transylvania, Wallachia and, intermittently, Moldavia, became tributary principalities of the Ottoman Empire. In the east, the Ottoman Turks took Baghdad from the Persians in 1535, gaining control of Mesopotamia and naval access to the Persian Gulf. In 1555, the Caucasus became officially partitioned for the first time between the Safavids and the Ottomans, a status quo that would remain until the end of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–74). By this partitioning of the Caucasus as signed in the Peace of Amasya, Western Armenia, and Western Georgia fell into Ottoman hands, while Dagestan, Eastern Armenia, Eastern Georgia, and Azerbaijan remained Persian.", "title": "Ottoman Empire" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Holy Roman Empire (; ) was a multi-ethnic complex of territories in Western and Central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. The largest territory of the empire after 962 was the Kingdom of Germany, though it also came to include the neighboring Kingdom of Bohemia, the Kingdom of Burgundy, the Kingdom of Italy, and numerous other territories.", "title": "Holy Roman Empire" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ottoman Navy vastly contributed to the expansion of the Empire's territories on the European continent. It initiated the conquest of North Africa, with the addition of Algeria and Egypt to the Ottoman Empire in 1517. Starting with the loss of Greece in 1821 and Algeria in 1830, Ottoman naval power and control over the Empire's distant overseas territories began to decline. Sultan Abdülaziz (reigned 1861–1876) attempted to reestablish a strong Ottoman navy, building the largest fleet after those of Britain and France. The shipyard at Barrow, England, built its first submarine in 1886 for the Ottoman Empire.", "title": "Ottoman Empire" } ]	When did the person who took over the territory and made it part of their empire die?	323 BC	[]	Title: Guinea-Bissau Passage: Guinea-Bissau was once part of the kingdom of Gabu, part of the Mali Empire; parts of this kingdom persisted until the 18th century. Other parts of the territory in the current country were considered by the Portuguese as part of their empire. Portuguese Guinea was known as the Slave Coast, as it was a major area for the exportation of African slaves by Europeans to the western hemisphere. Previously slaves had been traded by Arabs north to the northern part of Africa and into the Middle East. Title: Hellenistic period Passage: The Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek (Hellenic) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year. At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, Africa and Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science. For example, competitive public games took place, ideas in biology, and popular entertainment in theaters. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration, compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era. The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism. Greek Science was advanced by the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes. The religious sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and the Greek adoption of Buddhism. Title: European colonisation of Southeast Asia Passage: Portugal was the first European power to establish a bridgehead on the lucrative maritime Southeast Asia trade route, with the conquest of the Sultanate of Malacca in 1511. The Netherlands and Spain followed and soon superseded Portugal as the main European powers in the region. In 1599, Spain began to colonise the Philippines. In 1619, acting through the Dutch East India Company, the Dutch took the city of Sunda Kelapa, renamed it Batavia (now Jakarta) as a base for trading and expansion into the other parts of Java and the surrounding territory. In 1641, the Dutch took Malacca from the Portuguese. Economic opportunities attracted Overseas Chinese to the region in great numbers. In 1775, the Lanfang Republic, possibly the first republic in the region, was established in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, as a tributary state of the Qing Empire; the republic lasted until 1884, when it fell under Dutch occupation as Qing influence waned. Title: Powder keg of Europe Passage: The powder keg of Europe or Balkan powder keg was the Balkans in the early part of the 20th century preceding World War I. There were a number of overlapping claims to territories and spheres of influence between the major European powers such as the Russian Empire, the Austro - Hungarian Empire, the German Empire and, to a lesser degree, the Ottoman Empire, the United Kingdom and Kingdom of Italy. Title: Holy Roman Empire Passage: The Holy Roman Empire (; ) was a multi-ethnic complex of territories in Western and Central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. The largest territory of the empire after 962 was the Kingdom of Germany, though it also came to include the neighboring Kingdom of Bohemia, the Kingdom of Burgundy, the Kingdom of Italy, and numerous other territories. Title: Ottoman Empire Passage: The Ottoman Navy vastly contributed to the expansion of the Empire's territories on the European continent. It initiated the conquest of North Africa, with the addition of Algeria and Egypt to the Ottoman Empire in 1517. Starting with the loss of Greece in 1821 and Algeria in 1830, Ottoman naval power and control over the Empire's distant overseas territories began to decline. Sultan Abdülaziz (reigned 1861–1876) attempted to reestablish a strong Ottoman navy, building the largest fleet after those of Britain and France. The shipyard at Barrow, England, built its first submarine in 1886 for the Ottoman Empire. Title: Ottoman Empire Passage: Economic and political migrations made an impact across the empire. For example, the Russian and Austria-Habsburg annexation of the Crimean and Balkan regions respectively saw large influxes of Muslim refugees – 200,000 Crimean Tartars fleeing to Dobruja. Between 1783 and 1913, approximately 5–7 million refugees flooded into the Ottoman Empire, at least 3.8 million of whom were from Russia. Some migrations left indelible marks such as political tension between parts of the empire (e.g. Turkey and Bulgaria) whereas centrifugal effects were noticed in other territories, simpler demographics emerging from diverse populations. Economies were also impacted with the loss of artisans, merchants, manufacturers and agriculturists. Since the 19th century, a large proportion of Muslim peoples from the Balkans emigrated to present-day Turkey. These people are called Muhacir. By the time the Ottoman Empire came to an end in 1922, half of the urban population of Turkey was descended from Muslim refugees from Russia. Title: Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War Passage: Pope Leo X called Croatia the "Antemurale Christianitatis" ("Bulwark of Christianity") in 1519, given that Croatian soldiers made significant contributions to the struggle against the Turks. The advancement of the Ottoman Empire in Europe was stopped in 1593 on Croatian soil (Battle of Sisak). Nevertheless, the Muslim Ottoman Empire occupied parts of Croatia from the 16th to the end of the 17th century. Title: Modern history Passage: British imperial strength was underpinned by the steamship and the telegraph, new technologies invented in the second half of the 19th century, allowing it to control and defend the Empire. By 1902, the British Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables, the so-called All Red Line. Growing until 1922, around 13,000,000 square miles (34,000,000 km2) of territory and roughly 458 million people were added to the British Empire. The British established colonies in Australia in 1788, New Zealand in 1840 and Fiji in 1872, with much of Oceania becoming part of the British Empire. Title: Tajikistan Passage: The earliest recorded history of the region dates back to about 500 BCE when much, if not all, of modern Tajikistan was part of the Achaemenid Empire. Some authors have also suggested that in the 7th and 6th century BCE parts of modern Tajikistan, including territories in the Zeravshan valley, formed part of Kambojas before it became part of the Achaemenid Empire. After the region's conquest by Alexander the Great it became part of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, a successor state of Alexander's empire. Northern Tajikistan (the cities of Khujand and Panjakent) was part of Sogdia, a collection of city-states which was overrun by Scythians and Yuezhi nomadic tribes around 150 BCE. The Silk Road passed through the region and following the expedition of Chinese explorer Zhang Qian during the reign of Wudi (141–87 BCE) commercial relations between Han China and Sogdiana flourished. Sogdians played a major role in facilitating trade and also worked in other capacities, as farmers, carpetweavers, glassmakers, and woodcarvers. Title: Suat Hayri Ürgüplü Passage: Ali Suat Hayri Ürgüplü (13 August 1903, Damascus, Ottoman Empire – 26 December 1981, Istanbul, Turkey) was a Turkish politician. He served a brief term as Prime Minister of Turkey in 1965. He was also the last Prime Minister to be born outside the territory of present-day Turkey, being born in Damascus, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire. Title: Ottoman Empire Passage: With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late nineteenth century. The empire allied with Germany in the early 20th century, with the imperial ambition of recovering its lost territories, joining in World War I to achieve this ambition on the side of Germany and the Central Powers. While the Empire was able to largely hold its own during the conflict, it was struggling with internal dissent, especially with the Arab Revolt in its Arabian holdings. Starting before the war, but growing increasingly common and violent during it, major atrocities were committed by the Ottoman government against the Armenians, Assyrians and Pontic Greeks. The Empire's defeat and the occupation of part of its territory by the Allied Powers in the aftermath of World War I resulted in the emergence of a new state, Turkey, in the Ottoman Anatolian heartland following the Turkish War of Independence, as well as the founding of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. Title: Serbian Empire Passage: The Serbian Empire ( / , ) is a historiographical term for the empire in the Balkan peninsula that emerged from the medieval Serbian Kingdom. It was established in 1346 by King Stefan Dušan, known as "the Mighty", who significantly expanded the state. Under Dušan's rule Serbia was the major power in the Balkans, and a multi-lingual empire that stretched from the Danube to the Gulf of Corinth, with its capital in Skopje. He also promoted the Serbian Archbishopric to the Serbian Patriarchate. His son and successor, Uroš the Weak, lost most of the territory conquered by Dušan, hence his epithet. The Serbian Empire effectively ended with the death of Uroš V in 1371 and the break-up of the Serbian state. Some successors of Stefan V claimed the title of Emperor in parts of Serbia until 1402, but the territory in Greece was never recovered. Title: Germans Passage: The Germanic peoples during the Migrations Period came into contact with other peoples; in the case of the populations settling in the territory of modern Germany, they encountered Celts to the south, and Balts and Slavs towards the east. The Limes Germanicus was breached in AD 260. Migrating Germanic tribes commingled with the local Gallo-Roman populations in what is now Swabia and Bavaria. The arrival of the Huns in Europe resulted in Hun conquest of large parts of Eastern Europe, the Huns initially were allies of the Roman Empire who fought against Germanic tribes, but later the Huns cooperated with the Germanic tribe of the Ostrogoths, and large numbers of Germans lived within the lands of the Hunnic Empire of Attila. Attila had both Hunnic and Germanic families and prominent Germanic chiefs amongst his close entourage in Europe. The Huns living in Germanic territories in Eastern Europe adopted an East Germanic language as their lingua franca. A major part of Attila's army were Germans, during the Huns' campaign against the Roman Empire. After Attila's unexpected death the Hunnic Empire collapsed with the Huns disappearing as a people in Europe – who either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans. Title: Late Middle Ages Passage: Bohemia prospered in the 14th century, and the Golden Bull of 1356 made the king of Bohemia first among the imperial electors, but the Hussite revolution threw the country into crisis. The Holy Roman Empire passed to the Habsburgs in 1438, where it remained until its dissolution in 1806. Yet in spite of the extensive territories held by the Habsburgs, the Empire itself remained fragmented, and much real power and influence lay with the individual principalities. In addition, financial institutions, such as the Hanseatic League and the Fugger family, held great power, on both economic and a political levels. Title: Marshall Islands Passage: The European powers recognized the islands as part of the Spanish East Indies in 1874. However, Spain sold the islands to the German Empire in 1884, and they became part of German New Guinea in 1885. In World War I the Empire of Japan occupied the Marshall Islands, which in 1919 the League of Nations combined with other former German territories to form the South Pacific Mandate. In World War II, the United States conquered the islands in the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign. Along with other Pacific Islands, the Marshall Islands were then consolidated into the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands governed by the US. Self-government was achieved in 1979, and full sovereignty in 1986, under a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Marshall Islands has been a United Nations member state since 1991. Title: Ottoman Empire Passage: Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day Hungary (except the western part) and other Central European territories. He then laid siege to Vienna in 1529, but failed to take the city. In 1532, he made another attack on Vienna, but was repulsed in the Siege of Güns. Transylvania, Wallachia and, intermittently, Moldavia, became tributary principalities of the Ottoman Empire. In the east, the Ottoman Turks took Baghdad from the Persians in 1535, gaining control of Mesopotamia and naval access to the Persian Gulf. In 1555, the Caucasus became officially partitioned for the first time between the Safavids and the Ottomans, a status quo that would remain until the end of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–74). By this partitioning of the Caucasus as signed in the Peace of Amasya, Western Armenia, and Western Georgia fell into Ottoman hands, while Dagestan, Eastern Armenia, Eastern Georgia, and Azerbaijan remained Persian. Title: Crimean War Passage: Peace negotiations at the Congress of Paris resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 30 March 1856. In compliance with article III, Russia restored to the Ottoman Empire the city and citadel of Kars in common with "all other parts of the Ottoman territory of which the Russian troop were in possession". Russia ceded some land in Bessarabia at the mouth of the Danube to Moldavia. By article IV The United Kingdom, France, Sardinia and Turkey restored to Russia "the towns and ports of Sevastopol, Balaklava, Kamish, Eupatoria, Kerch, Jenikale, Kinburn, as well as all other territories occupied by the allied troops". In conformity with article XI and XIII, the Tsar and the Sultan agreed not to establish any naval or military arsenal on the Black Sea coast. The Black Sea clauses weakened Russia, and it no longer posed a naval threat to the Ottomans. The principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were nominally returned to the Ottoman Empire; in practice they became independent. The Great Powers pledged to respect the independence and territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire.:432–33 Title: History of the United States Passage: The French and Indian War (1754 -- 63) was a watershed event in the political development of the colonies. It was also part of the larger Seven Years' War. The influence of the main rivals of the British Crown in the colonies and Canada, the French and North American Indians, was significantly reduced with the territory of the Thirteen Colonies expanding into New France both in Canada and the Louisiana Territory. Moreover, the war effort resulted in greater political integration of the colonies, as reflected in the Albany Congress and symbolized by Benjamin Franklin's call for the colonies to ``Join or Die ''. Franklin was a man of many inventions -- one of which was the concept of a United States of America, which emerged after 1765 and was realized in July 1776. Title: Gallic Empire Passage: The Gallic Empire () or the Gallic Roman Empire are names used in modern historiography for a breakaway part of the Roman Empire that functioned "de facto" as a separate state from 260 to 274. It originated during the Crisis of the Third Century, when a series of Roman military leaders and aristocrats declared themselves emperors and took control of Gaul and adjacent provinces without attempting to conquer Italy or otherwise seize the central Roman administrative apparatus.	[ "Tajikistan", "Hellenistic period" ]
2hop__47071_162399	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Georg Feigl started studying mathematics and physics at the University of Jena in 1909. In 1918, he obtained his doctorate under Paul Koebe. From 1928 he was editor of the \"Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik\" (\"Yearbook on the progress of mathematics\"). In 1935 he became a full professor at the University of Breslau. In 1937—1941, he was an editor of the journal Deutsche Mathematik.", "title": "Georg Feigl" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Blue Mouse (German: Die blaue Maus) is a 1928 German silent film directed by Johannes Guter and starring Jenny Jugo, Harry Halm and Brita Appelgren.", "title": "The Blue Mouse" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir or Madam (German: Ossi hat die Hosen an) is a 1928 British-German silent comedy film directed by Carl Boese and starring Margot Armand, Percy Marmont and Ossi Oswalda. It was based on the 1923 novel \"Sir or Madame\" by Berta Ruck and shot at Elstree Studios near London. The film was a co-production between Germany and Britain, with separate versions released in the countries. In Britain it was not released until February 1930.", "title": "Sir or Madam" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928, in the state of Gujarat, India during the period of the British Raj, was a major episode of civil disobedience and revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. The movement was eventually led by Vallabhbhai Patel, and its success gave rise to Patel becoming one of the main leaders of the independence movement.", "title": "Bardoli Satyagraha" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lincoln Plumer (28 September 1875, Maryland - 14 February 1928, Hollywood, California) was an American silent film actor. He married fellow actor Rose Plumer. Lincoln Plumer died of heart disease in 1928.", "title": "Lincoln Plumer" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Vallabhbhai Patel (31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), popularly known as Sardar Patel, was an Indian politician. He served as the first Deputy Prime Minister of India. He was an Indian barrister and statesman, a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and a founding father of the Republic of India who played a leading role in the country's struggle for independence and guided its integration into a united, independent nation. In India and elsewhere, he was often called Sardar, meaning \"chief\" in Hindi, Urdu, and Persian. He acted as Home Minister during the political integration of India and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947.Patel was raised in the countryside of state of Gujarat. He was a successful lawyer. He subsequently organised peasants from Kheda, Borsad, and Bardoli in Gujarat in non-violent civil disobedience against the British Raj, becoming one of the most influential leaders in Gujarat. He was appointed as the 49th President of Indian National Congress, organising the party for elections in 1934 and 1937 while promoting the Quit India Movement.", "title": "Vallabhbhai Patel" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Avner Treinin (, February 14, 1928 – October 7, 2011) was an Israeli poet and professor of physical chemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.", "title": "Avner Treinin" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hornsrud's Cabinet governed Norway between 28 January 1928 and 15 February 1928. The first Labour Party cabinet in Norway, it was defeated by the other parliamentary parties on a vote of no confidence after only sixteen days.", "title": "Hornsrud's Cabinet" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "United States at the 2018 Winter Olympics Flag of the United States of America IOC code USA NOC United States Olympic Committee in Pyeongchang, South Korea February 9 -- 25, 2018 Competitors 241 in 15 sports Flag bearer Erin Hamlin (opening) Jessica Diggins (closing) Medals Ranked 4th Gold Silver Bronze Total 9 8 6 23 Winter Olympics appearances (overview) 1924 1928 1932 1936 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1994 1998 2002 2006 2014 2018", "title": "United States at the 2018 Winter Olympics" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Medha Patkar has been the guiding light of the movement. She has organized several fasts and satyagrahas. Patkar has also been to jail because of her desire to achieve right to life and livelihood for the suppressed people.", "title": "Narmada Bachao Andolan" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time—and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action. It is perhaps the first modern[vague] statement of the principle of nonviolent protest. A version was taken up by the author Henry David Thoreau in his essay Civil Disobedience, and later by Gandhi in his doctrine of Satyagraha. Gandhi's Satyagraha was partially influenced and inspired by Shelley's nonviolence in protest and political action. In particular, it is known that Gandhi would often quote Shelley's Masque of Anarchy to vast audiences during the campaign for a free India.", "title": "Civil disobedience" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ivar Tingdahl (21 December 1893 – 9 February 1962) was a Swedish fencer. He competed at the 1928 and 1936 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Ivar Tingdahl" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Styrbjörn Holm (14 February 1928 – 20 January 1994) was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1964 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Styrbjörn Holm" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Duty to Remain Silent (German: Die Pflicht zu schweigen) is a 1928 German silent drama film directed by Carl Wilhelm and starring Marcella Albani, Vivian Gibson, Angelo Ferrari. It was based on a novel by Friedrich Werner van Oestéren. The film's art direction was by Max Heilbronner. It premiered on 8 February 1928.", "title": "The Duty to Remain Silent" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Schorrsiegel Affair (German: Die Sache mit Schorrsiegel) is a 1928 German silent film directed by Jaap Speyer that featured Bernhard Goetzke, Walter Rilla and Anita Dorris. It was adapted from a novel by Fred Andreas. The film's art direction was by Hans Jacoby.", "title": "The Schorrsiegel Affair" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Docks of Hamburg or The Carmen of St. Pauli (German: Die Carmen von St. Pauli) is a 1928 German silent drama film directed by Erich Waschneck and starring Jenny Jugo, Willy Fritsch and Fritz Rasp. It was made by UFA at their Babelsberg Studio with location shooting in Hamburg. Art direction was by Alfred Junge. The film was released in the United States in 1930.", "title": "Docks of Hamburg" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Simon Vinkenoog (18 July 1928 – 12 July 2009) was a Dutch poet, spoken word poet and writer. He was the editor of the anthology \"Atonaal\" (Atonal), which launched the Dutch \"Fifties Movement\".", "title": "Simon Vinkenoog" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Old Man\" is the 58th episode of the American television sitcom \"Seinfeld\". It was the 17th episode of the 4th season. It aired on February 17, 1993.", "title": "The Old Man (Seinfeld)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "National Science Day is celebrated in India on 28 February each year to mark the discovery of the Raman effect by Indian physicist Sir Chandrashekhara Venkata Raman on 28 February 1928.", "title": "National Science Day" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olaf L. Olsen (February 1, 1881 in Trysil, Norway – February 6, 1958 in Seattle) was a Republican member of the Washington House of Representatives who represented the 4th District (parts of Spokane County) from 1917 until his resignation in May 1925.", "title": "Olaf L. Olsen" } ]	When did the person who launched the Bardoli Satyagraha on 4th february 1928 die?	15 December 1950	[]	Title: The Schorrsiegel Affair Passage: The Schorrsiegel Affair (German: Die Sache mit Schorrsiegel) is a 1928 German silent film directed by Jaap Speyer that featured Bernhard Goetzke, Walter Rilla and Anita Dorris. It was adapted from a novel by Fred Andreas. The film's art direction was by Hans Jacoby. Title: The Duty to Remain Silent Passage: The Duty to Remain Silent (German: Die Pflicht zu schweigen) is a 1928 German silent drama film directed by Carl Wilhelm and starring Marcella Albani, Vivian Gibson, Angelo Ferrari. It was based on a novel by Friedrich Werner van Oestéren. The film's art direction was by Max Heilbronner. It premiered on 8 February 1928. Title: Civil disobedience Passage: Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time—and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action. It is perhaps the first modern[vague] statement of the principle of nonviolent protest. A version was taken up by the author Henry David Thoreau in his essay Civil Disobedience, and later by Gandhi in his doctrine of Satyagraha. Gandhi's Satyagraha was partially influenced and inspired by Shelley's nonviolence in protest and political action. In particular, it is known that Gandhi would often quote Shelley's Masque of Anarchy to vast audiences during the campaign for a free India. Title: Bardoli Satyagraha Passage: The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928, in the state of Gujarat, India during the period of the British Raj, was a major episode of civil disobedience and revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. The movement was eventually led by Vallabhbhai Patel, and its success gave rise to Patel becoming one of the main leaders of the independence movement. Title: The Old Man (Seinfeld) Passage: "The Old Man" is the 58th episode of the American television sitcom "Seinfeld". It was the 17th episode of the 4th season. It aired on February 17, 1993. Title: Olaf L. Olsen Passage: Olaf L. Olsen (February 1, 1881 in Trysil, Norway – February 6, 1958 in Seattle) was a Republican member of the Washington House of Representatives who represented the 4th District (parts of Spokane County) from 1917 until his resignation in May 1925. Title: Georg Feigl Passage: Georg Feigl started studying mathematics and physics at the University of Jena in 1909. In 1918, he obtained his doctorate under Paul Koebe. From 1928 he was editor of the "Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik" ("Yearbook on the progress of mathematics"). In 1935 he became a full professor at the University of Breslau. In 1937—1941, he was an editor of the journal Deutsche Mathematik. Title: Narmada Bachao Andolan Passage: Medha Patkar has been the guiding light of the movement. She has organized several fasts and satyagrahas. Patkar has also been to jail because of her desire to achieve right to life and livelihood for the suppressed people. Title: Sir or Madam Passage: Sir or Madam (German: Ossi hat die Hosen an) is a 1928 British-German silent comedy film directed by Carl Boese and starring Margot Armand, Percy Marmont and Ossi Oswalda. It was based on the 1923 novel "Sir or Madame" by Berta Ruck and shot at Elstree Studios near London. The film was a co-production between Germany and Britain, with separate versions released in the countries. In Britain it was not released until February 1930. Title: United States at the 2018 Winter Olympics Passage: United States at the 2018 Winter Olympics Flag of the United States of America IOC code USA NOC United States Olympic Committee in Pyeongchang, South Korea February 9 -- 25, 2018 Competitors 241 in 15 sports Flag bearer Erin Hamlin (opening) Jessica Diggins (closing) Medals Ranked 4th Gold Silver Bronze Total 9 8 6 23 Winter Olympics appearances (overview) 1924 1928 1932 1936 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1994 1998 2002 2006 2014 2018 Title: The Blue Mouse Passage: The Blue Mouse (German: Die blaue Maus) is a 1928 German silent film directed by Johannes Guter and starring Jenny Jugo, Harry Halm and Brita Appelgren. Title: Ivar Tingdahl Passage: Ivar Tingdahl (21 December 1893 – 9 February 1962) was a Swedish fencer. He competed at the 1928 and 1936 Summer Olympics. Title: Lincoln Plumer Passage: Lincoln Plumer (28 September 1875, Maryland - 14 February 1928, Hollywood, California) was an American silent film actor. He married fellow actor Rose Plumer. Lincoln Plumer died of heart disease in 1928. Title: Vallabhbhai Patel Passage: Vallabhbhai Patel (31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), popularly known as Sardar Patel, was an Indian politician. He served as the first Deputy Prime Minister of India. He was an Indian barrister and statesman, a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and a founding father of the Republic of India who played a leading role in the country's struggle for independence and guided its integration into a united, independent nation. In India and elsewhere, he was often called Sardar, meaning "chief" in Hindi, Urdu, and Persian. He acted as Home Minister during the political integration of India and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947.Patel was raised in the countryside of state of Gujarat. He was a successful lawyer. He subsequently organised peasants from Kheda, Borsad, and Bardoli in Gujarat in non-violent civil disobedience against the British Raj, becoming one of the most influential leaders in Gujarat. He was appointed as the 49th President of Indian National Congress, organising the party for elections in 1934 and 1937 while promoting the Quit India Movement. Title: National Science Day Passage: National Science Day is celebrated in India on 28 February each year to mark the discovery of the Raman effect by Indian physicist Sir Chandrashekhara Venkata Raman on 28 February 1928. Title: Avner Treinin Passage: Avner Treinin (, February 14, 1928 – October 7, 2011) was an Israeli poet and professor of physical chemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Title: Styrbjörn Holm Passage: Styrbjörn Holm (14 February 1928 – 20 January 1994) was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1964 Summer Olympics. Title: Hornsrud's Cabinet Passage: The Hornsrud's Cabinet governed Norway between 28 January 1928 and 15 February 1928. The first Labour Party cabinet in Norway, it was defeated by the other parliamentary parties on a vote of no confidence after only sixteen days. Title: Docks of Hamburg Passage: Docks of Hamburg or The Carmen of St. Pauli (German: Die Carmen von St. Pauli) is a 1928 German silent drama film directed by Erich Waschneck and starring Jenny Jugo, Willy Fritsch and Fritz Rasp. It was made by UFA at their Babelsberg Studio with location shooting in Hamburg. Art direction was by Alfred Junge. The film was released in the United States in 1930. Title: Simon Vinkenoog Passage: Simon Vinkenoog (18 July 1928 – 12 July 2009) was a Dutch poet, spoken word poet and writer. He was the editor of the anthology "Atonaal" (Atonal), which launched the Dutch "Fifties Movement".	[ "Bardoli Satyagraha", "Vallabhbhai Patel" ]
2hop__656411_345851	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Voices of Wonder aka Voice of Wonder Records was one of the most important rock record labels in Oslo, Norway in the early 1990s. The label was fronted by a small and intimate record store on Olaf Ryes plass, which in addition to the labels own artists specialized in the English Earache Records and the American Sub Pop labels.", "title": "Voices of Wonder" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cargo Records is a record label based in London, England, which distributes musical recordings in the United Kingdom and Europe. The company currently distributes records in a wide variety of genres, both as a label in its own right and as a distributor for other independent record labels.", "title": "Cargo Records (UK)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Zendaya is the eponymous debut studio album by American singer and actress Zendaya, released on September 17, 2013 by Hollywood Records. After acting in the Disney Channel series \"Shake It Up\", Zendaya signed a recording contract with Hollywood Records, in which she began recording her debut in late 2012. \"Zendaya\" consists of 12 songs; musically, the album is a electropop album that incorporates urban pop, R&B and dubstep. Lyrically, the album discusses issues of heartbreak and love. Zendaya co-wrote all the songs on the album.", "title": "Zendaya (album)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Shake Ya Ass ''Single by Mystikal from the album Let's Get Ready B - side`` Shake It Fast'' Released July 18, 2000 (2000 - 07 - 18) Format Vinyl, CD Recorded Master Sound Studios (Virginia Beach, Virginia) Genre Hip hop Length 4: 20 Label Jive Songwriter (s) Michael Tyler, Pharrell Williams, Chad Hugo Producer (s) The Neptunes Mystikal singles chronology ``Live or Die ''(1999)`` Shake Ya Ass'' (2000) ``Danger (Been So Long) ''(2000)`` Live or Die'' (1999) ``Shake Ya Ass ''(2000)`` Danger (Been So Long)'' (2000)", "title": "Shake Ya Ass" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jesus Egg That Wept is the second solo album by Danielle Dax, an English experimental musician and former member of The Lemon Kittens. It was originally recorded and released in 1984 on the Awesome Records label. The album was re-released in 1993 on the Biter Of Thorpe label (BOT131-02CD) and distributed through World Serpent Distribution.", "title": "Jesus Egg That Wept" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Too Hot to Stop is a 1976 album by American funk group The Bar-Kays, and their first for Mercury Records. It includes the hit \"Shake Your Rump to the Funk\".", "title": "Too Hot to Stop" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Members, Don't Git Weary is an album by American jazz drummer Max Roach recorded in 1968 and released on the Atlantic label.", "title": "Members, Don't Git Weary" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ellahy Amen Records is an American-French independent avant-garde record label, launched in 2002 by former Pigface member and experimental/avant-garde musician Leila Bela. The record label is based both in Paris, France and Austin, Texas, United States. Currently, the label has three artists signed to the roster.", "title": "Ellahy Amen Records" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``A Change Is Gonna Come ''is a song by American recording artist Sam Cooke, released on December 22, 1964, by RCA Victor. Produced by Hugo & Luigi and arranged and conducted by René Hall, the song was the B - side to`` Shake''.", "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Swag It Out\" is the official debut single by American singer Zendaya, known for starring in the series \"Shake It Up\". The song was composed by Bobby Brackins and was released on May 30, 2011 as the first single of Zendaya's career on an independent label, not being included on any album or soundtrack of Walt Disney Records, just their record label.", "title": "Swag It Out" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Young and the Restless is an American television soap opera, created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. It first aired on March 26, 1973. The longest - running current cast member is Doug Davidson, who has portrayed private investigator Paul Williams since May 23, 1978. Jeanne Cooper, who portrayed the soap opera's matriarch Katherine Chancellor, holds the record for the series' longest - running cast member, airing from November 1973 until her death in May 2013. Melody Thomas Scott and Eric Braeden, who portray Nikki and Victor Newman, are the second and third longest - running cast members, having joined in February 1979 and February 1980, respectively. Kate Linder has portrayed Esther Valentine since April 1982, and rounds out the series' top four longest - running cast members. The following list is of cast members who are currently on the show: both main and recurring members, as well as those who are debuting, departing or returning from the series.", "title": "List of The Young and the Restless cast members" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Shake 'Em On Down\" is a Delta blues song by American musician Bukka White. He recorded it in Chicago in 1937 around the beginning of his incarceration at the infamous Parchman Prison Farm in Mississippi.", "title": "Shake 'Em On Down" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shake, Rattle & Roll XV is a 2014 Filipino horror anthology film and the final installment of the franchise directed by Dondon Santos, Jerrold Tarog, and Perci Intalan. The film stars an ensemble cast including Erich Gonzales, JC de Vera, Carla Abellana, Dennis Trillo, Lovi Poe, and Matteo Guidicelli.", "title": "Shake, Rattle & Roll XV" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sleaszy Rider Records is an independent record label which was founded in 1999 by Tolis G. Palantzas. The head office of the label is located in Greece. The label is mainly distributed in Europe by Sony Music/EMI. The label also distributes releases in Greece from numerous labels, including Roadrunner Records, SPV, and Pagan Records.", "title": "Sleaszy Rider Records" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shake Some Action is the fourth studio album by American rock band the Flamin' Groovies. The album was released in June 1976 by Sire Records. The title \"Shake Some Action\" originates from a line in the 1965 film \"None but the Brave\".", "title": "Shake Some Action" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Asian Man Records is a DIY record label run by Mike Park in Monte Sereno, California. Park started a record label and began releasing music in 1989 under the name Dill Records, with the Asian Man label established May 1996.", "title": "Asian Man Records" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 3 Sounds is an album by American pianist Gene Harris recorded in 1971 and released on the Blue Note label. Although it is titled after Harris' group The Three Sounds the album is usually recognised as a solo effort as none of the other original members of the group participated in the recording.", "title": "The 3 Sounds (album)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Shake\" is a song written and recorded by Sam Cooke. It was recorded at the last recording session Cooke had before his death on December 11, 1964. In the U.S., the song became a posthumous Top 10 hit for Cooke, peaking at number seven in February 1965.", "title": "Shake (Sam Cooke song)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ari Borovoy (born May 29, 1979 in Mexico City) is a founding member of the Latin music children's groups La Onda Vaselina and LemonGrass, which evolved into the successful Latin pop group OV7. As a songwriter, he had a hand in creating several of the group's biggest hits, including \"Aum Aum,\" \"Shake Shake,\" \"Te Necessito\" and \"No Me Voy.\" He has also recorded solo albums, starred on telenovelas and in films.", "title": "Ari Borovoy" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Blue Suede Shoes ''Single by Elvis Presley from the album Elvis Presley B - side`` Tutti Frutti'' Released March 1956 (1956 - 03) Format 7 - inch 45 rpm, 10 - inch 78 rpm Recorded January 30, 1956 Studio RCA, New York City Genre Rockabilly, rock and roll Length 1: 58 Label RCA Victor Songwriter (s) Carl Perkins Producer (s) Steve Sholes Elvis Presley singles chronology ``Shake, Rattle and Roll ''(1956)`` Blue Suede Shoes'' (1956) ``I Got a Woman ''(1956)", "title": "Blue Suede Shoes" } ]	The singer, who starred in Shake It Up, signed to which record label?	Hollywood Records	[]	Title: Shake (Sam Cooke song) Passage: "Shake" is a song written and recorded by Sam Cooke. It was recorded at the last recording session Cooke had before his death on December 11, 1964. In the U.S., the song became a posthumous Top 10 hit for Cooke, peaking at number seven in February 1965. Title: Swag It Out Passage: "Swag It Out" is the official debut single by American singer Zendaya, known for starring in the series "Shake It Up". The song was composed by Bobby Brackins and was released on May 30, 2011 as the first single of Zendaya's career on an independent label, not being included on any album or soundtrack of Walt Disney Records, just their record label. Title: Too Hot to Stop Passage: Too Hot to Stop is a 1976 album by American funk group The Bar-Kays, and their first for Mercury Records. It includes the hit "Shake Your Rump to the Funk". Title: Shake Some Action Passage: Shake Some Action is the fourth studio album by American rock band the Flamin' Groovies. The album was released in June 1976 by Sire Records. The title "Shake Some Action" originates from a line in the 1965 film "None but the Brave". Title: Ari Borovoy Passage: Ari Borovoy (born May 29, 1979 in Mexico City) is a founding member of the Latin music children's groups La Onda Vaselina and LemonGrass, which evolved into the successful Latin pop group OV7. As a songwriter, he had a hand in creating several of the group's biggest hits, including "Aum Aum," "Shake Shake," "Te Necessito" and "No Me Voy." He has also recorded solo albums, starred on telenovelas and in films. Title: Members, Don't Git Weary Passage: Members, Don't Git Weary is an album by American jazz drummer Max Roach recorded in 1968 and released on the Atlantic label. Title: Sleaszy Rider Records Passage: Sleaszy Rider Records is an independent record label which was founded in 1999 by Tolis G. Palantzas. The head office of the label is located in Greece. The label is mainly distributed in Europe by Sony Music/EMI. The label also distributes releases in Greece from numerous labels, including Roadrunner Records, SPV, and Pagan Records. Title: Shake, Rattle & Roll XV Passage: Shake, Rattle & Roll XV is a 2014 Filipino horror anthology film and the final installment of the franchise directed by Dondon Santos, Jerrold Tarog, and Perci Intalan. The film stars an ensemble cast including Erich Gonzales, JC de Vera, Carla Abellana, Dennis Trillo, Lovi Poe, and Matteo Guidicelli. Title: Blue Suede Shoes Passage: ``Blue Suede Shoes ''Single by Elvis Presley from the album Elvis Presley B - side`` Tutti Frutti'' Released March 1956 (1956 - 03) Format 7 - inch 45 rpm, 10 - inch 78 rpm Recorded January 30, 1956 Studio RCA, New York City Genre Rockabilly, rock and roll Length 1: 58 Label RCA Victor Songwriter (s) Carl Perkins Producer (s) Steve Sholes Elvis Presley singles chronology ``Shake, Rattle and Roll ''(1956)`` Blue Suede Shoes'' (1956) ``I Got a Woman ''(1956) Title: Shake Ya Ass Passage: ``Shake Ya Ass ''Single by Mystikal from the album Let's Get Ready B - side`` Shake It Fast'' Released July 18, 2000 (2000 - 07 - 18) Format Vinyl, CD Recorded Master Sound Studios (Virginia Beach, Virginia) Genre Hip hop Length 4: 20 Label Jive Songwriter (s) Michael Tyler, Pharrell Williams, Chad Hugo Producer (s) The Neptunes Mystikal singles chronology ``Live or Die ''(1999)`` Shake Ya Ass'' (2000) ``Danger (Been So Long) ''(2000)`` Live or Die'' (1999) ``Shake Ya Ass ''(2000)`` Danger (Been So Long)'' (2000) Title: Ellahy Amen Records Passage: Ellahy Amen Records is an American-French independent avant-garde record label, launched in 2002 by former Pigface member and experimental/avant-garde musician Leila Bela. The record label is based both in Paris, France and Austin, Texas, United States. Currently, the label has three artists signed to the roster. Title: A Change Is Gonna Come Passage: ``A Change Is Gonna Come ''is a song by American recording artist Sam Cooke, released on December 22, 1964, by RCA Victor. Produced by Hugo & Luigi and arranged and conducted by René Hall, the song was the B - side to`` Shake''. Title: Cargo Records (UK) Passage: Cargo Records is a record label based in London, England, which distributes musical recordings in the United Kingdom and Europe. The company currently distributes records in a wide variety of genres, both as a label in its own right and as a distributor for other independent record labels. Title: Voices of Wonder Passage: Voices of Wonder aka Voice of Wonder Records was one of the most important rock record labels in Oslo, Norway in the early 1990s. The label was fronted by a small and intimate record store on Olaf Ryes plass, which in addition to the labels own artists specialized in the English Earache Records and the American Sub Pop labels. Title: Zendaya (album) Passage: Zendaya is the eponymous debut studio album by American singer and actress Zendaya, released on September 17, 2013 by Hollywood Records. After acting in the Disney Channel series "Shake It Up", Zendaya signed a recording contract with Hollywood Records, in which she began recording her debut in late 2012. "Zendaya" consists of 12 songs; musically, the album is a electropop album that incorporates urban pop, R&B and dubstep. Lyrically, the album discusses issues of heartbreak and love. Zendaya co-wrote all the songs on the album. Title: Shake 'Em On Down Passage: "Shake 'Em On Down" is a Delta blues song by American musician Bukka White. He recorded it in Chicago in 1937 around the beginning of his incarceration at the infamous Parchman Prison Farm in Mississippi. Title: Jesus Egg That Wept Passage: Jesus Egg That Wept is the second solo album by Danielle Dax, an English experimental musician and former member of The Lemon Kittens. It was originally recorded and released in 1984 on the Awesome Records label. The album was re-released in 1993 on the Biter Of Thorpe label (BOT131-02CD) and distributed through World Serpent Distribution. Title: Asian Man Records Passage: Asian Man Records is a DIY record label run by Mike Park in Monte Sereno, California. Park started a record label and began releasing music in 1989 under the name Dill Records, with the Asian Man label established May 1996. Title: List of The Young and the Restless cast members Passage: The Young and the Restless is an American television soap opera, created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. It first aired on March 26, 1973. The longest - running current cast member is Doug Davidson, who has portrayed private investigator Paul Williams since May 23, 1978. Jeanne Cooper, who portrayed the soap opera's matriarch Katherine Chancellor, holds the record for the series' longest - running cast member, airing from November 1973 until her death in May 2013. Melody Thomas Scott and Eric Braeden, who portray Nikki and Victor Newman, are the second and third longest - running cast members, having joined in February 1979 and February 1980, respectively. Kate Linder has portrayed Esther Valentine since April 1982, and rounds out the series' top four longest - running cast members. The following list is of cast members who are currently on the show: both main and recurring members, as well as those who are debuting, departing or returning from the series. Title: The 3 Sounds (album) Passage: The 3 Sounds is an album by American pianist Gene Harris recorded in 1971 and released on the Blue Note label. Although it is titled after Harris' group The Three Sounds the album is usually recognised as a solo effort as none of the other original members of the group participated in the recording.	[ "Zendaya (album)", "Swag It Out" ]
2hop__10620_49084	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cherin was a legendary king of the Britons as recounted in Geoffrey of Monmouth's \"Historia Regum Britanniae\". His father was King Porrex II and he was succeeded by his three sons in turn, Fulgenius, Edadus, and Andragius.", "title": "Cherin" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2013, the league expanded with the addition of two new franchises to play in 2014, the Los Angeles Kiss (owned by Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley of the legendary rock band Kiss) and the Portland Thunder.", "title": "Arena Football League" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chivalry and the ethos of courtly love developed in royal and noble courts. This culture was expressed in the vernacular languages rather than Latin, and comprised poems, stories, legends, and popular songs spread by troubadours, or wandering minstrels. Often the stories were written down in the chansons de geste, or \"songs of great deeds\", such as The Song of Roland or The Song of Hildebrand. Secular and religious histories were also produced. Geoffrey of Monmouth (d. c. 1155) composed his Historia Regum Britanniae, a collection of stories and legends about Arthur. Other works were more clearly history, such as Otto von Freising's (d. 1158) Gesta Friderici Imperatoris detailing the deeds of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, or William of Malmesbury's (d. c. 1143) Gesta Regum on the kings of England.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When a Stranger Calls is a 2006 American horror film directed by Simon West and written by Jake Wade Wall. The film stars Camilla Belle, Brian Geraghty, Katie Cassidy, and Clark Gregg. Belle plays a babysitter who starts to receive threatening phone calls from an unidentified stranger, played by both Tommy Flanagan and Lance Henriksen. The film is a remake of Fred Walton's 1979 horror film of the same name which became a cult classic for its legendary opening 20 minutes, which this remake extends to a feature-length film.", "title": "When a Stranger Calls (2006 film)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hooray for Bix! is an album by American jazz guitarist Marty Grosz and his Honorus Causa Jazz Band featuring compositions associated with legendary cornetist Bix Beiderbecke recorded in 1957 for the Riverside label.", "title": "Hooray for Bix!" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Metaris Valley () is a small, rounded cirque valley with steep sides and residual névé, lying west of Derrick Peak in the Britannia Range in Antarctica. It was named in association with Britannia by a University of Waikato geological party, 1978–79, led by Michael Selby. \"Metaris\" is the historical name of a bay in Roman Britain, known today as The Wash.", "title": "Metaris Valley" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beverley Elliott (born 31 December) is a Canadian actress and singer - songwriter. She is best known for playing the role of Granny in Once Upon a Time, Maggie Krell in Harper's Island, Brick Bannerman in Kingdom Hospital and Sally Duffield in Bordertown.", "title": "Beverley Elliott" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Catellus () was a legendary king of the Britons, as recounted in Geoffrey of Monmouth's work \"Historia Regum Britanniae\". According to Geoffrey, he was the son of King Gerennus and was succeeded by his son, Millus. In some versions of the \"Brut y Brenhinedd\", a series of Welsh versions of Geoffrey's \"Historia\", Catellus is succeeded by his son Coel, who is then succeeded by his own son Porrex II.", "title": "Catellus" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lindum Valley is an ice-filled valley that opens northward to Hatherton Glacier, lying west-northwest of Derrick Peak in the Britannia Range, Antarctica. It was named in association with Britannia by a University of Waikato geological party, 1978–79, led by Michael Selby, \"Lindum\" being an old Roman placename for present-day Lincoln, England.", "title": "Lindum Valley" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aída Bortnik (7 January 1938 – 27 April 2013) was an Argentine screenwriter, nominated for an Academy Award for her work in the film \"La historia oficial\" (1985). She has the notable distinction of having written the screenplay for both the first Argentine film nominated for an Academy Award (\"The Truce\", 1974) and the first Argentine film to win an Academy Award (\"La historia oficial\").", "title": "Aída Bortnik" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "However, from 1971 to 1975, NBA teams played preseason exhibitions against American Basketball Association teams. In the early days of the NBA, league clubs sometimes challenged the legendary barnstorming Harlem Globetrotters, with mixed success. The NBA has played preseason games in Europe and Asia. In the 2006 and 2007 seasons, the NBA and the primary European club competition, the Euroleague, conducted a preseason tournament featuring two NBA teams and the finalists from that year's Euroleague.[citation needed] In the 1998-99 and 2011-12 seasons, teams were limited to only two preseason games due to lockouts.", "title": "Exhibition game" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peredurus () is a legendary king of the Britons in Geoffrey of Monmouth's pseudohistorical chronicle \"Historia Regum Britanniae\". According to Geoffrey, he was the youngest son of King Morvidus and brother of Gorbonianus, Archgallo, Elidurus, and Ingenius.", "title": "Peredurus" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The historical basis for the King Arthur legend has long been debated by scholars. One school of thought, citing entries in the Historia Brittonum (History of the Britons) and Annales Cambriae (Welsh Annals), sees Arthur as a genuine historical figure, a Romano - British leader who fought against the invading Anglo - Saxons some time in the late 5th to early 6th century. The Historia Brittonum, a 9th - century Latin historical compilation attributed in some late manuscripts to a Welsh cleric called Nennius, contains the first datable mention of King Arthur, listing twelve battles that Arthur fought. These culminate in the Battle of Badon, where he is said to have single - handedly killed 960 men. Recent studies, however, question the reliability of the Historia Brittonum.", "title": "King Arthur" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Porrex II was a legendary king of the Britons as recounted in Geoffrey of Monmouth's \"Historia Regum Britanniae\". His father was King Millus and he was succeeded by his son, Cherin.", "title": "Porrex II" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wielkopolska Chronicle (or \"Chronicle of Greater Poland\", ) is an anonymous medieval chronicle describing supposed history of Poland from legendary times up to the year 1273. It was written in Latin at the end of the 13th or the beginning of the 14th century.", "title": "Wielkopolska Chronicle" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Anglo - Saxon period, Britain was used as a historical term only. Geoffrey of Monmouth in his pseudohistorical Historia Regum Britanniae (c. 1136) refers to the island as Britannia major (``Greater Britain ''), to distinguish it from Britannia minor (`` Lesser Britain''), the continental region which approximates to modern Brittany, which had been settled in the fifth and sixth centuries by migrants from Britain. The term Great Britain was first used officially in 1474, in the instrument drawing up the proposal for a marriage between Cecily the daughter of Edward IV of England, and James the son of James III of Scotland, which described it as ``this Nobill Isle, callit Gret Britanee ''. It was used again in 1604, when King James VI and I styled himself`` King of Great Brittaine, France and Ireland''.", "title": "Great Britain" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jang Chul-Woo (; born 5 April 1971) is a South Korean retired footballer who played as a midfielder. He is considered one of the legendary players in Daejeon Citizen.", "title": "Jang Chul-woo" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Britannia Hospital\" is the final part of Anderson's trilogy of films, written by David Sherwin, that follow the adventures of Mick Travis (portrayed by Malcolm McDowell) as he travels through a strange and sometimes surreal Britain. From his days at boarding school in \"if...\" (1968) to his journey from coffee salesman to film star in \"O Lucky Man!\" (1973), Travis's adventures finally come to an end in \"Britannia Hospital\", which sees Mick as a muckraking reporter investigating the bizarre activities of Professor Millar, played by Graham Crowden, whom he had had a run-in with in \"O Lucky Man\". All three films have characters in common. Some of the characters from \"if...\" that did not turn up in \"O Lucky Man\" return for \"Britannia Hospital\".", "title": "Britannia Hospital" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Liam Thomas Garrigan (born 17 October 1981) is an English theatre and television actor. As a youth he attended classes at Kingston upon Hull's Northern Stage Company and was a student at Wyke College, Kingston upon Hull. His first television role was as Nic Yorke in the BBC continuing drama series Holby City. He is best known for his roles as Ian Al - Harazi on the Fox series 24: Live Another Day and King Arthur in the ABC series Once Upon a Time and Transformers: The Last Knight.", "title": "Liam Garrigan" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Natoker Moto - Like a Play (2015) is a Bengali film directed by Debesh Chattopadhyay based on the Life and Struggle of a Legendary Actress of Calcutta which still impress the Theatre Movement of India.", "title": "Natoker Moto" } ]	Who plays the legendary figure featured in Historia Regum Britanniae in the show Once Upon a Time?	Liam Thomas Garrigan	[ "Liam Garrigan" ]	Title: Natoker Moto Passage: Natoker Moto - Like a Play (2015) is a Bengali film directed by Debesh Chattopadhyay based on the Life and Struggle of a Legendary Actress of Calcutta which still impress the Theatre Movement of India. Title: Britannia Hospital Passage: "Britannia Hospital" is the final part of Anderson's trilogy of films, written by David Sherwin, that follow the adventures of Mick Travis (portrayed by Malcolm McDowell) as he travels through a strange and sometimes surreal Britain. From his days at boarding school in "if..." (1968) to his journey from coffee salesman to film star in "O Lucky Man!" (1973), Travis's adventures finally come to an end in "Britannia Hospital", which sees Mick as a muckraking reporter investigating the bizarre activities of Professor Millar, played by Graham Crowden, whom he had had a run-in with in "O Lucky Man". All three films have characters in common. Some of the characters from "if..." that did not turn up in "O Lucky Man" return for "Britannia Hospital". Title: Hooray for Bix! Passage: Hooray for Bix! is an album by American jazz guitarist Marty Grosz and his Honorus Causa Jazz Band featuring compositions associated with legendary cornetist Bix Beiderbecke recorded in 1957 for the Riverside label. Title: Aída Bortnik Passage: Aída Bortnik (7 January 1938 – 27 April 2013) was an Argentine screenwriter, nominated for an Academy Award for her work in the film "La historia oficial" (1985). She has the notable distinction of having written the screenplay for both the first Argentine film nominated for an Academy Award ("The Truce", 1974) and the first Argentine film to win an Academy Award ("La historia oficial"). Title: Jang Chul-woo Passage: Jang Chul-Woo (; born 5 April 1971) is a South Korean retired footballer who played as a midfielder. He is considered one of the legendary players in Daejeon Citizen. Title: When a Stranger Calls (2006 film) Passage: When a Stranger Calls is a 2006 American horror film directed by Simon West and written by Jake Wade Wall. The film stars Camilla Belle, Brian Geraghty, Katie Cassidy, and Clark Gregg. Belle plays a babysitter who starts to receive threatening phone calls from an unidentified stranger, played by both Tommy Flanagan and Lance Henriksen. The film is a remake of Fred Walton's 1979 horror film of the same name which became a cult classic for its legendary opening 20 minutes, which this remake extends to a feature-length film. Title: Catellus Passage: Catellus () was a legendary king of the Britons, as recounted in Geoffrey of Monmouth's work "Historia Regum Britanniae". According to Geoffrey, he was the son of King Gerennus and was succeeded by his son, Millus. In some versions of the "Brut y Brenhinedd", a series of Welsh versions of Geoffrey's "Historia", Catellus is succeeded by his son Coel, who is then succeeded by his own son Porrex II. Title: Liam Garrigan Passage: Liam Thomas Garrigan (born 17 October 1981) is an English theatre and television actor. As a youth he attended classes at Kingston upon Hull's Northern Stage Company and was a student at Wyke College, Kingston upon Hull. His first television role was as Nic Yorke in the BBC continuing drama series Holby City. He is best known for his roles as Ian Al - Harazi on the Fox series 24: Live Another Day and King Arthur in the ABC series Once Upon a Time and Transformers: The Last Knight. Title: Cherin Passage: Cherin was a legendary king of the Britons as recounted in Geoffrey of Monmouth's "Historia Regum Britanniae". His father was King Porrex II and he was succeeded by his three sons in turn, Fulgenius, Edadus, and Andragius. Title: Porrex II Passage: Porrex II was a legendary king of the Britons as recounted in Geoffrey of Monmouth's "Historia Regum Britanniae". His father was King Millus and he was succeeded by his son, Cherin. Title: Wielkopolska Chronicle Passage: The Wielkopolska Chronicle (or "Chronicle of Greater Poland", ) is an anonymous medieval chronicle describing supposed history of Poland from legendary times up to the year 1273. It was written in Latin at the end of the 13th or the beginning of the 14th century. Title: Great Britain Passage: After the Anglo - Saxon period, Britain was used as a historical term only. Geoffrey of Monmouth in his pseudohistorical Historia Regum Britanniae (c. 1136) refers to the island as Britannia major (``Greater Britain ''), to distinguish it from Britannia minor (`` Lesser Britain''), the continental region which approximates to modern Brittany, which had been settled in the fifth and sixth centuries by migrants from Britain. The term Great Britain was first used officially in 1474, in the instrument drawing up the proposal for a marriage between Cecily the daughter of Edward IV of England, and James the son of James III of Scotland, which described it as ``this Nobill Isle, callit Gret Britanee ''. It was used again in 1604, when King James VI and I styled himself`` King of Great Brittaine, France and Ireland''. Title: Lindum Valley Passage: Lindum Valley is an ice-filled valley that opens northward to Hatherton Glacier, lying west-northwest of Derrick Peak in the Britannia Range, Antarctica. It was named in association with Britannia by a University of Waikato geological party, 1978–79, led by Michael Selby, "Lindum" being an old Roman placename for present-day Lincoln, England. Title: Metaris Valley Passage: Metaris Valley () is a small, rounded cirque valley with steep sides and residual névé, lying west of Derrick Peak in the Britannia Range in Antarctica. It was named in association with Britannia by a University of Waikato geological party, 1978–79, led by Michael Selby. "Metaris" is the historical name of a bay in Roman Britain, known today as The Wash. Title: King Arthur Passage: The historical basis for the King Arthur legend has long been debated by scholars. One school of thought, citing entries in the Historia Brittonum (History of the Britons) and Annales Cambriae (Welsh Annals), sees Arthur as a genuine historical figure, a Romano - British leader who fought against the invading Anglo - Saxons some time in the late 5th to early 6th century. The Historia Brittonum, a 9th - century Latin historical compilation attributed in some late manuscripts to a Welsh cleric called Nennius, contains the first datable mention of King Arthur, listing twelve battles that Arthur fought. These culminate in the Battle of Badon, where he is said to have single - handedly killed 960 men. Recent studies, however, question the reliability of the Historia Brittonum. Title: Peredurus Passage: Peredurus () is a legendary king of the Britons in Geoffrey of Monmouth's pseudohistorical chronicle "Historia Regum Britanniae". According to Geoffrey, he was the youngest son of King Morvidus and brother of Gorbonianus, Archgallo, Elidurus, and Ingenius. Title: Middle Ages Passage: Chivalry and the ethos of courtly love developed in royal and noble courts. This culture was expressed in the vernacular languages rather than Latin, and comprised poems, stories, legends, and popular songs spread by troubadours, or wandering minstrels. Often the stories were written down in the chansons de geste, or "songs of great deeds", such as The Song of Roland or The Song of Hildebrand. Secular and religious histories were also produced. Geoffrey of Monmouth (d. c. 1155) composed his Historia Regum Britanniae, a collection of stories and legends about Arthur. Other works were more clearly history, such as Otto von Freising's (d. 1158) Gesta Friderici Imperatoris detailing the deeds of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, or William of Malmesbury's (d. c. 1143) Gesta Regum on the kings of England. Title: Exhibition game Passage: However, from 1971 to 1975, NBA teams played preseason exhibitions against American Basketball Association teams. In the early days of the NBA, league clubs sometimes challenged the legendary barnstorming Harlem Globetrotters, with mixed success. The NBA has played preseason games in Europe and Asia. In the 2006 and 2007 seasons, the NBA and the primary European club competition, the Euroleague, conducted a preseason tournament featuring two NBA teams and the finalists from that year's Euroleague.[citation needed] In the 1998-99 and 2011-12 seasons, teams were limited to only two preseason games due to lockouts. Title: Beverley Elliott Passage: Beverley Elliott (born 31 December) is a Canadian actress and singer - songwriter. She is best known for playing the role of Granny in Once Upon a Time, Maggie Krell in Harper's Island, Brick Bannerman in Kingdom Hospital and Sally Duffield in Bordertown. Title: Arena Football League Passage: In 2013, the league expanded with the addition of two new franchises to play in 2014, the Los Angeles Kiss (owned by Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley of the legendary rock band Kiss) and the Portland Thunder.	[ "Middle Ages", "Liam Garrigan" ]
2hop__81379_84616	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Audrey Hepburn received numerous awards and honors during her career. Hepburn won, or was nominated for, awards for her work in motion pictures, television, spoken - word recording, on stage, and humanitarian work. She was five - times nominated for an Academy Award, and was awarded the 1954 Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Roman Holiday and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 1993, post-humously, for her humanitarian work. She won a record three BAFTA Awards for Best British Actress in a Leading Role, from five nominations, and received a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992. Hepburn received 10 Golden Globe Award nominations, winning two, and was the recipient of the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1990. She also won the 1954 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine, and received a Special Tony Award in 1968.", "title": "List of awards and honours received by Audrey Hepburn" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fists of Legend () is a 2013 South Korean sports drama film directed by Kang Woo-suk. It is based on the popular webtoon of the same title written by Lee Jong-gyu and illustrated by Lee Yoon-gyun. The film stars Hwang Jung-min, Yoo Jun-sang, Yoon Je-moon, Lee Yo-won, and Jung Woong-in.", "title": "Fists of Legend" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Way You Look Tonight ''is a song from the film Swing Time, written by Dorothy Fields and Jerome Kern, and originally performed by Fred Astaire. It won the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1936. In 2004 the Astaire version finished at # 43 in AFI's 100 Years... 100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema.", "title": "The Way You Look Tonight" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Endresen originally won the bronze medal as part of the Norwegian team in team jumping, together with Morten Djupvik, Geir Gulliksen, and Tony Andre Hansen. However the Norwegian team lost its bronze medal and finished tenth following the disqualification of Tony Andre Hansen.", "title": "Stein Endresen" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the original Broadway production, ``Some Enchanted Evening ''was sung by former Metropolitan Opera bass Ezio Pinza. Pinza won the Tony Award for Best Actor in 1950 for this role, and the song made him a favorite with audiences and listeners who normally did not attend or listen to opera. In the 2001 London revival of the show, Philip Quast won an Olivier Award for Best Actor for his role as Emile, and seven years later, international opera singer Paulo Szot won a Tony for his portrayal in the 2008 New York revival.", "title": "Some Enchanted Evening" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roy Dotrice, OBE (born 26 May 1923) is a British actor known for his Tony Award - winning Broadway performance in the revival of A Moon for the Misbegotten. Film audiences know him best for his role as Leopold Mozart in the Oscar - winning film Amadeus. He is also known for narrating the audio book versions of the A Song of Ice and Fire series.", "title": "Roy Dotrice" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theodore Ross Roberts (June 30, 1934 -- September 3, 2002), known as Ted Ross, was an American actor who was probably best known for his role as the Lion in The Wiz, an all - African American reinterpretation of The Wizard of Oz. He won a Tony Award for the original 1975 Broadway production, and went on to recreate the role in the 1978 film version which also starred Diana Ross (no relation), Michael Jackson and Nipsey Russell. Ross went on to appear in films including the role of Bitterman in the classic Arthur, and on the television sitcoms The Jeffersons, Benson, The Cosby Show, and its spin - off A Different World. His final role was in the 1991 movie The Fisher King.", "title": "Ted Ross" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blue Moon Belgian White is a Belgian - style witbier brewed by MillerCoors under the name the Blue Moon Brewing Co. It was launched in 1995, and was originally brewed in Golden, Colorado.", "title": "Blue Moon (beer)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Originally, the band went by ``Tony, Toni, Toné ''as a joke, until they realized it had a nice ring to it.", "title": "Tony! Toni! Toné!" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Danny Williams (7 January 1942 -- 6 December 2005) was a British, South African - born pop singer. who earned the nickname, ``Britain's Johnny Mathis '', for his smooth and stylish way with a ballad. He is best known for singing his UK number 1 version of`` Moon River'' in 1961 and his US top ten hit, ``White on White ''.", "title": "Danny Williams (singer)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``Moon River ''is a song composed by Henry Mancini with lyrics by Johnny Mercer. It was originally performed by Audrey Hepburn in the 1961 movie Breakfast at Tiffany's, winning an Academy Award for Best Original Song. The song also won the 1962 Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Song of the Year.", "title": "Moon River" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The song comprises two parts: a verse and bridge which allow individual singers to perform different lines; and a chorus in the form of two repeated phrases by ensemble. The first line of the recording is sung by Paul Young on the 1984 version, Kylie Minogue on the 1989 version, Chris Martin of Coldplay on the 2004 version, and One Direction on the 2014 version. The line was originally written for David Bowie who finally sang it at the Live Aid concert in 1985.", "title": "Do They Know It's Christmas?" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vivien Leigh (born Vivian Mary Hartley, and also known as Lady Olivier after 1947; 5 November 1913 -- 8 July 1967) was an English stage and film actress. She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress for her iconic performances as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), a role she had also played on stage in London's West End in 1949. She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of Tovarich (1963).", "title": "Vivien Leigh" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Toni Haimi is a Finnish guitarist originally from Hamina, Finland. As Toni Sailor he is the current guitarist of British electronica band Sohodolls, which he joined in 2004.", "title": "Toni Haimi" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theodore Ross Roberts (June 30, 1934 -- September 3, 2002), known as Ted Ross, was an American actor who was probably best known for his role as the Lion in The Wiz, an all - African American reinterpretation of The Wizard of Oz. He won a Tony Award for the original 1975 Broadway production, and went on to recreate the role in the 1978 film version which also starred Diana Ross, Michael Jackson and Nipsey Russell. Ross went on to appear in films including the role of Bitterman in the classic Arthur, and on the television sitcoms The Jeffersons, Benson, The Cosby Show, and its spin - off A Different World. His final role was in the 1991 movie The Fisher King.", "title": "Ted Ross" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "253, or Tube Theatre, is a novel by Canadian writer Geoff Ryman, originally created as a website in 1996, then published as a paper book titled 253: The Print Remix in 1998. The print version won a Philip K. Dick Award.", "title": "253 (novel)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Odom sang as a teenager, and studied musical theatre in college. At the age of 17 he made his Broadway debut as Paul in Rent. In 2000, he appeared in the ensemble of the one - night Broadway concert version of Dreamgirls.", "title": "Leslie Odom Jr." }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Colour My World is the sixth album released by Petula Clark in the US on Warner Bros. Records. It combines cover versions of popular songs of the era and original material, much of it written by Clark and Tony Hatch, who produced the recording and arranged it along with Johnny Harris and Frank Owens.", "title": "Colour My World (album)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The original \"Riverworld\" story was a 150,000-word novel titled \"Owe for the Flesh\", which ended with the protagonist (called Richard Black in this version) finding the tower at the end of the river. In the mid-1950s, Farmer entered it in a science fiction novel contest run by Shasta Publishers and subsidized by Pocket Books. He won the contest but received no money. The work was never published and was lost in its original form. Farmer revised and retitled the book \"River of Eternity\", but that version remained unpublished as well and was thought lost. In the 1960s, Farmer reworked the material yet again into the magazine novellas and serials that would form the final Riverworld sequence. Then in 1983, a copy of the \"River of Eternity\" manuscript was discovered in a garage and published by Phantasia Press. Farmer recounts the whole story in his introduction to the Phantasia edition of \"River of Eternity\".", "title": "River of Eternity" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Moon Over Ireland is the 31st studio album released by Irish singer Daniel O'Donnell in 2011. It contained original songs and newly recorded versions of well-known Irish songs.", "title": "Moon Over Ireland" } ]	For what did the singer of the original version of Moon River win a Tony award?	for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine	[ "leading role", "star", "leading actress", "lead" ]	Title: Stein Endresen Passage: At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Endresen originally won the bronze medal as part of the Norwegian team in team jumping, together with Morten Djupvik, Geir Gulliksen, and Tony Andre Hansen. However the Norwegian team lost its bronze medal and finished tenth following the disqualification of Tony Andre Hansen. Title: Fists of Legend Passage: Fists of Legend () is a 2013 South Korean sports drama film directed by Kang Woo-suk. It is based on the popular webtoon of the same title written by Lee Jong-gyu and illustrated by Lee Yoon-gyun. The film stars Hwang Jung-min, Yoo Jun-sang, Yoon Je-moon, Lee Yo-won, and Jung Woong-in. Title: Roy Dotrice Passage: Roy Dotrice, OBE (born 26 May 1923) is a British actor known for his Tony Award - winning Broadway performance in the revival of A Moon for the Misbegotten. Film audiences know him best for his role as Leopold Mozart in the Oscar - winning film Amadeus. He is also known for narrating the audio book versions of the A Song of Ice and Fire series. Title: Do They Know It's Christmas? Passage: The song comprises two parts: a verse and bridge which allow individual singers to perform different lines; and a chorus in the form of two repeated phrases by ensemble. The first line of the recording is sung by Paul Young on the 1984 version, Kylie Minogue on the 1989 version, Chris Martin of Coldplay on the 2004 version, and One Direction on the 2014 version. The line was originally written for David Bowie who finally sang it at the Live Aid concert in 1985. Title: Moon River Passage: ``Moon River ''is a song composed by Henry Mancini with lyrics by Johnny Mercer. It was originally performed by Audrey Hepburn in the 1961 movie Breakfast at Tiffany's, winning an Academy Award for Best Original Song. The song also won the 1962 Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Song of the Year. Title: River of Eternity Passage: The original "Riverworld" story was a 150,000-word novel titled "Owe for the Flesh", which ended with the protagonist (called Richard Black in this version) finding the tower at the end of the river. In the mid-1950s, Farmer entered it in a science fiction novel contest run by Shasta Publishers and subsidized by Pocket Books. He won the contest but received no money. The work was never published and was lost in its original form. Farmer revised and retitled the book "River of Eternity", but that version remained unpublished as well and was thought lost. In the 1960s, Farmer reworked the material yet again into the magazine novellas and serials that would form the final Riverworld sequence. Then in 1983, a copy of the "River of Eternity" manuscript was discovered in a garage and published by Phantasia Press. Farmer recounts the whole story in his introduction to the Phantasia edition of "River of Eternity". Title: Colour My World (album) Passage: Colour My World is the sixth album released by Petula Clark in the US on Warner Bros. Records. It combines cover versions of popular songs of the era and original material, much of it written by Clark and Tony Hatch, who produced the recording and arranged it along with Johnny Harris and Frank Owens. Title: 253 (novel) Passage: 253, or Tube Theatre, is a novel by Canadian writer Geoff Ryman, originally created as a website in 1996, then published as a paper book titled 253: The Print Remix in 1998. The print version won a Philip K. Dick Award. Title: Some Enchanted Evening Passage: In the original Broadway production, ``Some Enchanted Evening ''was sung by former Metropolitan Opera bass Ezio Pinza. Pinza won the Tony Award for Best Actor in 1950 for this role, and the song made him a favorite with audiences and listeners who normally did not attend or listen to opera. In the 2001 London revival of the show, Philip Quast won an Olivier Award for Best Actor for his role as Emile, and seven years later, international opera singer Paulo Szot won a Tony for his portrayal in the 2008 New York revival. Title: Vivien Leigh Passage: Vivien Leigh (born Vivian Mary Hartley, and also known as Lady Olivier after 1947; 5 November 1913 -- 8 July 1967) was an English stage and film actress. She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress for her iconic performances as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), a role she had also played on stage in London's West End in 1949. She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of Tovarich (1963). Title: Danny Williams (singer) Passage: Danny Williams (7 January 1942 -- 6 December 2005) was a British, South African - born pop singer. who earned the nickname, ``Britain's Johnny Mathis '', for his smooth and stylish way with a ballad. He is best known for singing his UK number 1 version of`` Moon River'' in 1961 and his US top ten hit, ``White on White ''. Title: List of awards and honours received by Audrey Hepburn Passage: Audrey Hepburn received numerous awards and honors during her career. Hepburn won, or was nominated for, awards for her work in motion pictures, television, spoken - word recording, on stage, and humanitarian work. She was five - times nominated for an Academy Award, and was awarded the 1954 Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Roman Holiday and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 1993, post-humously, for her humanitarian work. She won a record three BAFTA Awards for Best British Actress in a Leading Role, from five nominations, and received a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992. Hepburn received 10 Golden Globe Award nominations, winning two, and was the recipient of the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1990. She also won the 1954 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine, and received a Special Tony Award in 1968. Title: Blue Moon (beer) Passage: Blue Moon Belgian White is a Belgian - style witbier brewed by MillerCoors under the name the Blue Moon Brewing Co. It was launched in 1995, and was originally brewed in Golden, Colorado. Title: Ted Ross Passage: Theodore Ross Roberts (June 30, 1934 -- September 3, 2002), known as Ted Ross, was an American actor who was probably best known for his role as the Lion in The Wiz, an all - African American reinterpretation of The Wizard of Oz. He won a Tony Award for the original 1975 Broadway production, and went on to recreate the role in the 1978 film version which also starred Diana Ross (no relation), Michael Jackson and Nipsey Russell. Ross went on to appear in films including the role of Bitterman in the classic Arthur, and on the television sitcoms The Jeffersons, Benson, The Cosby Show, and its spin - off A Different World. His final role was in the 1991 movie The Fisher King. Title: The Way You Look Tonight Passage: ``The Way You Look Tonight ''is a song from the film Swing Time, written by Dorothy Fields and Jerome Kern, and originally performed by Fred Astaire. It won the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1936. In 2004 the Astaire version finished at # 43 in AFI's 100 Years... 100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. Title: Tony! Toni! Toné! Passage: Originally, the band went by ``Tony, Toni, Toné ''as a joke, until they realized it had a nice ring to it. Title: Toni Haimi Passage: Toni Haimi is a Finnish guitarist originally from Hamina, Finland. As Toni Sailor he is the current guitarist of British electronica band Sohodolls, which he joined in 2004. Title: Ted Ross Passage: Theodore Ross Roberts (June 30, 1934 -- September 3, 2002), known as Ted Ross, was an American actor who was probably best known for his role as the Lion in The Wiz, an all - African American reinterpretation of The Wizard of Oz. He won a Tony Award for the original 1975 Broadway production, and went on to recreate the role in the 1978 film version which also starred Diana Ross, Michael Jackson and Nipsey Russell. Ross went on to appear in films including the role of Bitterman in the classic Arthur, and on the television sitcoms The Jeffersons, Benson, The Cosby Show, and its spin - off A Different World. His final role was in the 1991 movie The Fisher King. Title: Leslie Odom Jr. Passage: Odom sang as a teenager, and studied musical theatre in college. At the age of 17 he made his Broadway debut as Paul in Rent. In 2000, he appeared in the ensemble of the one - night Broadway concert version of Dreamgirls. Title: Moon Over Ireland Passage: Moon Over Ireland is the 31st studio album released by Irish singer Daniel O'Donnell in 2011. It contained original songs and newly recorded versions of well-known Irish songs.	[ "List of awards and honours received by Audrey Hepburn", "Moon River" ]
2hop__34595_160249	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Combs rose from poverty in his native Clay County to obtain a law degree from the University of Kentucky and open a law practice in Prestonsburg. He was decorated for prosecuting Japanese war criminals before military tribunals following World War II, then returned to Kentucky and his law practice. In 1951, Governor Lawrence Wetherby appointed him to fill a vacancy on the Kentucky Court of Appeals. Later that year, he was elected to a full term on the court, defeating former governor and judge Simeon S. Willis. Kentucky's Democratic Party had split into two factions by 1955 when Earle C. Clements, the leader of one faction, chose Combs to challenge former governor and U.S. Senator A. B. \"Happy\" Chandler, who headed the other, in the upcoming gubernatorial primary.", "title": "Bert Combs" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Vĩnh Yên (), also called Tran Hung Dao Campaign by Vietminh, which occurred from 13 to 17 January 1951, was a major engagement in the First Indochina War between the French Union and the Việt Minh. The French Union forces, led by World War II hero Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, inflicted a decisive defeat on the Việt Minh forces, which were commanded by Võ Nguyên Giáp. The victory marked a turn in the tide of the war, which was previously characterized by a number of Việt Minh victories.", "title": "Battle of Vĩnh Yên" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He wrote a history of the Diadochi and their descendants, encompassing the period from the death of Alexander to the war with Pyrrhus (323–272 BC), which is one of the chief authorities used by Diodorus Siculus (xviii.–xx.) and also by Plutarch in his life of Pyrrhus.", "title": "Hieronymus of Cardia" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Admiral José Prudencio Padilla López (19 March 1784, in Riohacha, Colombia – 2 February 1828) was a Colombian military leader who fought in the Spanish American wars of independence. He is best known for his victory in the Battle of Lake Maracaibo on 24 July 1823, in which a royalist Spanish fleet was defeated.", "title": "José Prudencio Padilla" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Martín Miguel de Güemes (8 February 1785 – 17 June 1821) was a military leader and popular caudillo who defended northwestern Argentina from the Spanish during the Argentine War of Independence.", "title": "Martín Miguel de Güemes" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Flaminio Avet was a World War I flying ace credited with eight aerial victories. Although born in Nice, France, he served in the Italian military as Italy entered World War I. After a transfer from Lancers to aviation, he trained as a pilot. He began his aerial combat career on 27 November 1918, and would stake a dozen victory claims, eight of which would be verified. He ended the war having won the Silver Medal for Military Valor three times. He returned to Nice postwar, and died there on 21 August 1928.", "title": "Flaminio Avet" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Hiester (April 9, 1745 – October 15, 1821) was an American military and political leader from the Revolutionary War era to the early 19th Century. He was a member of the Hiester Family political dynasty.", "title": "John Hiester" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Burning of Washington Part of the War of 1812 Battle of Bladensburg Following their victory at the Battle of Bladensburg, the British entered Washington D.C. and burned many U.S. government and military buildings Date August 24, 1814 Location Washington, D.C., United States Result British victory Belligerents United Kingdom United States Commanders and leaders Robert Ross George Cockburn James Madison Strength 4,250 7,640 Casualties and losses 1 killed, 3 wounded (Colonial Marines) 3 unknown wounded None Many government buildings set ablaze", "title": "Burning of Washington" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Prussian Army, under the terms of the armistice, held a brief victory parade in Paris on 17 February; the city was silent and draped with black and the Germans quickly withdrew. Bismarck honoured the armistice, by allowing train loads of food into Paris and withdrawing Prussian forces to the east of the city, prior to a full withdrawal once France agreed to pay a five billion franc war indemnity. At the same time, Prussian forces were concentrated in the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. An exodus occurred from Paris as some 200,000 people, predominantly middle-class, went to the countryside.", "title": "Franco-Prussian War" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Mojkovac was a World War I battle fought between 6 January and 7 January 1916 near Mojkovac, Montenegro, between the armies of Austria-Hungary and Montenegro. It ended with a Montenegrin Pyrrhic victory.", "title": "Battle of Mojkovac" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Despite early victories, Pyrrhus found his position in Italy untenable. Rome steadfastly refused to negotiate with Pyrrhus as long as his army remained in Italy. Facing unacceptably heavy losses from each encounter with the Roman army, Pyrrhus withdrew from the peninsula (hence the term \"Pyrrhic victory\"). In 275 BC, Pyrrhus again met the Roman army at the Battle of Beneventum. While Beneventum was indecisive, Pyrrhus realised his army had been exhausted and reduced by years of foreign campaigns. Seeing little hope for further gains, he withdrew completely from Italy.", "title": "Roman Republic" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tiberius Coruncanius (died 241 BC) was a consul of the Roman Republic in 280 BC. As a military commander in that year and the following, he was known for the battles against Pyrrhus of Epirus that led to the expression \"Pyrrhic victory\". He was the first plebeian Pontifex Maximus, and possibly the first teacher of Roman law to offer public instruction.", "title": "Tiberius Coruncanius" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ivan Alexeyevich Polyakov (1886-1969) was a Cossack military leader who fought in World War I (on the Russian side), and in World War II (on the German side).", "title": "Ivan Alexeyevich Polyakov" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Count Jindřich Matyáš Thurn-Valsassina (German: \"Heinrich Matthias Graf von Thurn und Valsassina\"; Italian: \"Enrico Matteo Conte della Torre di Valsassina\") (24 February 1567 – 26 January 1640), was a Czech (Bohemian) nobleman, one of leaders of Protestant Bohemian Revolt against Emperor Ferdinand II. He took part in events that led to the Thirty Years War, and after the war he became a military leader and diplomat in Swedish service, who eventually resided in Swedish Estonia.", "title": "Jindřich Matyáš Thurn" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On December 1, 1969, the Selective Service System of the United States conducted two lotteries to determine the order of call to military service in the Vietnam War for men born from 1944 to 1950. These lotteries occurred during a period of conscription from just before World War II to 1973. It was the first time a lottery system had been used to select men for military service since 1942.", "title": "Draft lottery (1969)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Philip Wadsworth (March 7, 1832 – September 12, 1901) was an American dry goods merchant, politician, and military leader. Born to the prominent Wadsworth family in New Hartford, Connecticut, he attended private academies until he was sixteen, when he entered the dry goods trade. In 1853, he moved to Chicago, Illinois to join his brother in his dry goods operation, eventually rising to become president of Philip Wadsworth & Co., a clothing store. Wadsworth was also interested in the military, and although he never officially served, he maintained a military company where soldiers could train in advance of the Civil War. Later in his life he returned to Connecticut where he served a two-year term in the Connecticut House of Representatives.", "title": "Philip Wadsworth" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles 'Charlie' M. Webster is an American politician from Maine. Webster, a Republican from Farmington, served 14 years in the Maine Legislature, including four in the Maine House of Representatives (1980–1984) and ten in the Maine Senate (1984–1994). In the Senate, Webster served one term (1986–1988) as Assistant Minority Leader and two terms (1988–1992) as Minority Leader.", "title": "Charlie Webster (politician)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On December 1, 1969, the Selective Service System of the United States conducted two lotteries to determine the order of call to military service in the Vietnam War for men born from 1944 to 1950. These lotteries occurred during a period of conscription from just before World War II to 1973.", "title": "Draft lottery (1969)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the Siege of Genoa (6 April – 4 June 1800) the Austrians besieged and captured Genoa. However, this was a pyrrhic victory as the smaller French force at Genoa under André Masséna had diverted enough Austrian troops to enable Napoleon to win the Battle of Marengo and defeat the Austrians.", "title": "Siege of Genoa (1800)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Pyrrhic victory\" is named after King Pyrrhus of Epirus, whose army suffered irreplaceable casualties in defeating the Romans at the Battle of Heraclea in 280 BC and the Battle of Asculum in 279 BC, during the Pyrrhic War. After the latter battle, Plutarch relates in a report by Dionysius:", "title": "Pyrrhic victory" } ]	In which years did the war with the military leader from which the term Pyrrhic victory comes occur?	323–272 BC	[]	Title: Bert Combs Passage: Combs rose from poverty in his native Clay County to obtain a law degree from the University of Kentucky and open a law practice in Prestonsburg. He was decorated for prosecuting Japanese war criminals before military tribunals following World War II, then returned to Kentucky and his law practice. In 1951, Governor Lawrence Wetherby appointed him to fill a vacancy on the Kentucky Court of Appeals. Later that year, he was elected to a full term on the court, defeating former governor and judge Simeon S. Willis. Kentucky's Democratic Party had split into two factions by 1955 when Earle C. Clements, the leader of one faction, chose Combs to challenge former governor and U.S. Senator A. B. "Happy" Chandler, who headed the other, in the upcoming gubernatorial primary. Title: John Hiester Passage: John Hiester (April 9, 1745 – October 15, 1821) was an American military and political leader from the Revolutionary War era to the early 19th Century. He was a member of the Hiester Family political dynasty. Title: Draft lottery (1969) Passage: On December 1, 1969, the Selective Service System of the United States conducted two lotteries to determine the order of call to military service in the Vietnam War for men born from 1944 to 1950. These lotteries occurred during a period of conscription from just before World War II to 1973. Title: José Prudencio Padilla Passage: Admiral José Prudencio Padilla López (19 March 1784, in Riohacha, Colombia – 2 February 1828) was a Colombian military leader who fought in the Spanish American wars of independence. He is best known for his victory in the Battle of Lake Maracaibo on 24 July 1823, in which a royalist Spanish fleet was defeated. Title: Flaminio Avet Passage: Flaminio Avet was a World War I flying ace credited with eight aerial victories. Although born in Nice, France, he served in the Italian military as Italy entered World War I. After a transfer from Lancers to aviation, he trained as a pilot. He began his aerial combat career on 27 November 1918, and would stake a dozen victory claims, eight of which would be verified. He ended the war having won the Silver Medal for Military Valor three times. He returned to Nice postwar, and died there on 21 August 1928. Title: Battle of Vĩnh Yên Passage: The Battle of Vĩnh Yên (), also called Tran Hung Dao Campaign by Vietminh, which occurred from 13 to 17 January 1951, was a major engagement in the First Indochina War between the French Union and the Việt Minh. The French Union forces, led by World War II hero Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, inflicted a decisive defeat on the Việt Minh forces, which were commanded by Võ Nguyên Giáp. The victory marked a turn in the tide of the war, which was previously characterized by a number of Việt Minh victories. Title: Tiberius Coruncanius Passage: Tiberius Coruncanius (died 241 BC) was a consul of the Roman Republic in 280 BC. As a military commander in that year and the following, he was known for the battles against Pyrrhus of Epirus that led to the expression "Pyrrhic victory". He was the first plebeian Pontifex Maximus, and possibly the first teacher of Roman law to offer public instruction. Title: Draft lottery (1969) Passage: On December 1, 1969, the Selective Service System of the United States conducted two lotteries to determine the order of call to military service in the Vietnam War for men born from 1944 to 1950. These lotteries occurred during a period of conscription from just before World War II to 1973. It was the first time a lottery system had been used to select men for military service since 1942. Title: Jindřich Matyáš Thurn Passage: Count Jindřich Matyáš Thurn-Valsassina (German: "Heinrich Matthias Graf von Thurn und Valsassina"; Italian: "Enrico Matteo Conte della Torre di Valsassina") (24 February 1567 – 26 January 1640), was a Czech (Bohemian) nobleman, one of leaders of Protestant Bohemian Revolt against Emperor Ferdinand II. He took part in events that led to the Thirty Years War, and after the war he became a military leader and diplomat in Swedish service, who eventually resided in Swedish Estonia. Title: Martín Miguel de Güemes Passage: Martín Miguel de Güemes (8 February 1785 – 17 June 1821) was a military leader and popular caudillo who defended northwestern Argentina from the Spanish during the Argentine War of Independence. Title: Roman Republic Passage: Despite early victories, Pyrrhus found his position in Italy untenable. Rome steadfastly refused to negotiate with Pyrrhus as long as his army remained in Italy. Facing unacceptably heavy losses from each encounter with the Roman army, Pyrrhus withdrew from the peninsula (hence the term "Pyrrhic victory"). In 275 BC, Pyrrhus again met the Roman army at the Battle of Beneventum. While Beneventum was indecisive, Pyrrhus realised his army had been exhausted and reduced by years of foreign campaigns. Seeing little hope for further gains, he withdrew completely from Italy. Title: Philip Wadsworth Passage: Philip Wadsworth (March 7, 1832 – September 12, 1901) was an American dry goods merchant, politician, and military leader. Born to the prominent Wadsworth family in New Hartford, Connecticut, he attended private academies until he was sixteen, when he entered the dry goods trade. In 1853, he moved to Chicago, Illinois to join his brother in his dry goods operation, eventually rising to become president of Philip Wadsworth & Co., a clothing store. Wadsworth was also interested in the military, and although he never officially served, he maintained a military company where soldiers could train in advance of the Civil War. Later in his life he returned to Connecticut where he served a two-year term in the Connecticut House of Representatives. Title: Pyrrhic victory Passage: "Pyrrhic victory" is named after King Pyrrhus of Epirus, whose army suffered irreplaceable casualties in defeating the Romans at the Battle of Heraclea in 280 BC and the Battle of Asculum in 279 BC, during the Pyrrhic War. After the latter battle, Plutarch relates in a report by Dionysius: Title: Burning of Washington Passage: Burning of Washington Part of the War of 1812 Battle of Bladensburg Following their victory at the Battle of Bladensburg, the British entered Washington D.C. and burned many U.S. government and military buildings Date August 24, 1814 Location Washington, D.C., United States Result British victory Belligerents United Kingdom United States Commanders and leaders Robert Ross George Cockburn James Madison Strength 4,250 7,640 Casualties and losses 1 killed, 3 wounded (Colonial Marines) 3 unknown wounded None Many government buildings set ablaze Title: Charlie Webster (politician) Passage: Charles 'Charlie' M. Webster is an American politician from Maine. Webster, a Republican from Farmington, served 14 years in the Maine Legislature, including four in the Maine House of Representatives (1980–1984) and ten in the Maine Senate (1984–1994). In the Senate, Webster served one term (1986–1988) as Assistant Minority Leader and two terms (1988–1992) as Minority Leader. Title: Battle of Mojkovac Passage: The Battle of Mojkovac was a World War I battle fought between 6 January and 7 January 1916 near Mojkovac, Montenegro, between the armies of Austria-Hungary and Montenegro. It ended with a Montenegrin Pyrrhic victory. Title: Franco-Prussian War Passage: The Prussian Army, under the terms of the armistice, held a brief victory parade in Paris on 17 February; the city was silent and draped with black and the Germans quickly withdrew. Bismarck honoured the armistice, by allowing train loads of food into Paris and withdrawing Prussian forces to the east of the city, prior to a full withdrawal once France agreed to pay a five billion franc war indemnity. At the same time, Prussian forces were concentrated in the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. An exodus occurred from Paris as some 200,000 people, predominantly middle-class, went to the countryside. Title: Hieronymus of Cardia Passage: He wrote a history of the Diadochi and their descendants, encompassing the period from the death of Alexander to the war with Pyrrhus (323–272 BC), which is one of the chief authorities used by Diodorus Siculus (xviii.–xx.) and also by Plutarch in his life of Pyrrhus. Title: Ivan Alexeyevich Polyakov Passage: Ivan Alexeyevich Polyakov (1886-1969) was a Cossack military leader who fought in World War I (on the Russian side), and in World War II (on the German side). Title: Siege of Genoa (1800) Passage: During the Siege of Genoa (6 April – 4 June 1800) the Austrians besieged and captured Genoa. However, this was a pyrrhic victory as the smaller French force at Genoa under André Masséna had diverted enough Austrian troops to enable Napoleon to win the Battle of Marengo and defeat the Austrians.	[ "Hieronymus of Cardia", "Roman Republic" ]
2hop__661847_288421	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greece's technology parks with incubator facilities include the Science and Technology Park of Crete (Heraklion), the Thessaloniki Technology Park, the Lavrio Technology Park and the Patras Science Park, the Science and Technology Park of Epirus (Ioannina). Greece has been a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) since 2005. Cooperation between ESA and the Hellenic National Space Committee began in the early 1990s. In 1994 Greece and ESA signed their first cooperation agreement. Having formally applied for full membership in 2003, Greece became the ESA's sixteenth member on 16 March 2005. As member of the ESA, Greece participates in the agency's telecommunication and technology activities, and the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security Initiative.", "title": "Greece" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "You Were There for Me is a collaboration studio album of Peter Rowan and Tony Rice. The record marks their first full-fledged cooperation, though they had previously appeared on several albums together.", "title": "You Were There for Me" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Cooper Clarke (born 25 January 1949) is an English performance poet who first became famous during the punk rock era of the late 1970s when he became known as a ``punk poet ''. He released several albums in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and continues to perform regularly.", "title": "John Cooper Clarke" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Full - time employment is employment in which a person works a minimum number of hours defined as such by his / her employer. Full - time employment often comes with benefits that are not typically offered to part - time, temporary, or flexible workers, such as annual leave, sickleave, and health insurance. Part - time jobs are mistakenly thought by some to not be careers. However, legislation exists to stop employers from discriminating against part - time workers so this should not be a factor when making decisions on career advancement. They generally pay more than part - time jobs per hour, and this is similarly discriminatory if the pay decision is based on part - time status as a primary factor. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full - time employment or part - time employment. This is a matter generally to be determined by the employer (US Department of Labor). The definition by employer can vary and is generally published in a company's Employee Handbook. Companies commonly require from 35 to 40 hours per week to be defined as full - time and therefore eligible for benefits.", "title": "Full-time" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hangin 'with Mr. Cooper is an American television sitcom that originally aired on ABC from September 22, 1992 to August 30, 1997, starring Mark Curry and Holly Robinson. The show took place in Curry's hometown of Oakland, California. Hangin' with Mr. Cooper was produced by Jeff Franklin Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television (it was produced by Lorimar Television for the first season only, before it was absorbed by Warner Bros.), and also became produced by Bickley - Warren Productions by the third season. The show originally aired on Tuesdays in prime time after sister series Full House (which was also created by Jeff Franklin and set in the San Francisco Bay Area). The show found its niche as an addition to the TGIF Friday night lineup on ABC, and was part of the lineup from September 1993 to May 1996 (spanning the show's second, third and fourth seasons; airing in - between Step By Step and the news magazine series 20 / 20), before moving to Saturdays for its fifth and final season.", "title": "Hangin' with Mr. Cooper" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Don Draper Mad Men character Jon Hamm as Don Draper First appearance ``Smoke Gets in Your Eyes ''(1.01) Last appearance`` Person to Person'' (7.14) Created by Matthew Weiner Portrayed by Jon Hamm Brandon Killham (Young Dick Whitman) Information Full name Donald Francis Draper Nickname (s) Don, Dick Aliases Richard Whitman (birth name) Occupation Senior Partner and Creative Director, Sterling Cooper & Partners (season 6 -- present; End of Season 7 Part 1 for Creative Director) Founding Partner, Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce (seasons 4 -- 6) Creative Director, Sterling Cooper (seasons 1 -- 3) Family Archibald Whitman Evangeline Abigail Whitman (stepmother) Uncle Mac (stepfather) Spouse (s) Megan Calvet (1965 -- 1970) Betty Hofstadt (1953 -- 1964) Anna M. Draper (widow of real Don Draper, div. 1953) Children Sally Beth Draper (daughter) Robert ``Bobby ''Draper (son) Eugene Scott Draper (son) Relatives Adam Whitman (half brother)", "title": "Don Draper" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Fistful of Alice is a live album by Alice Cooper. It was released in 1997, and was recorded the previous year at Sammy Hagar's Cabo Wabo club in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. Slash plays guitar for part of the album (returning the favor after Cooper guested on \"The Garden from the 1991 Guns N' Roses album \"Use Your Illusion I\") and Cooper says before the song \"Desperado\" that it was written about Jim Morrison, who died in 1971, the same year Cooper wrote the song. Also featured in the album are Rob Zombie on vocals and Sammy Hagar on guitar. The only song from the show that has not been commercially released is the title track from 1991's \"Hey Stoopid\". The last song, \"Is Anyone Home?\", is a studio recording recorded specifically for the album.", "title": "A Fistful of Alice" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "School for Secrets (also known as Secret Flight) is a 1946 British black and white film written and directed by Peter Ustinov and starring Ralph Richardson. In leading supporting roles were David Tomlinson, Raymond Huntley, Finlay Currie, Richard Attenborough, John Laurie and Michael Hordern. Developed with the full cooperation of the Air Ministry, the film celebrates the discovery of radar.", "title": "School for Secrets" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Def Squad is a rap supergroup consisting of Erick Sermon, Redman and Keith Murray. Jamal is considered an honorary member of the Def Squad. Before officially forming as a group to release an album in 1998, they had each been featured on tracks by each other. The Def Squad was formed following the disbandment of the Hit Squad, who broke up after the struggles between EPMD members Erick Sermon and Parrish Smith.", "title": "Def Squad" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jane Seymour -- Dr. Michaela Quinn Joe Lando -- Byron Sully Chad Allen -- Matthew Cooper Erika Flores -- Colleen Cooper (seasons 1 - 3) Jessica Bowman -- Colleen Cooper Cook (mid-season 3 -- 6) Shawn Toovey -- Brian Cooper", "title": "Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Full Cooperation\" is a song by the American hip hop group Def Squad recorded for their sole album \"El Niño\" (1998). The song was released as the only single in promotion of the album on April 14, 1998.", "title": "Full Cooperation" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fonejacker is a British comedy programme broadcast on E4 featuring a series of prank calls involving a number of different characters performed by British Iranian television actor Kayvan Novak. It first appeared in May 2006 and became a full series in 2007.", "title": "Fonejacker" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Salem County Vocational Technical Schools (SCVTS) is a countywide vocational and technical public school district, serving the educational needs of residents of Salem County, New Jersey, United States. The district offers programs on both a full-time and shared-time basis in cooperation and partnership with the county's elementary and secondary schools, local and regional colleges and universities, for both school-aged students and adults.", "title": "Salem County Vocational Technical Schools" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frank TV was an American sketch comedy show starring \"Mad TV\" veteran Frank Caliendo, Mike MacRae, and Freddy Lockhart. Caliendo hosted the show and performed in sketches in full makeup as characters he impersonated.", "title": "Frank TV" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Happily Ever After ''is Part 6 in the 6 issue story arc of Archie Marries Veronica / Archie Marries Betty that was originally presented in Archie # 605. The story features a futuristic look into the life of Archie Andrews and Betty Cooper as they raise a pair of fraternal twins.", "title": "Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ann Grifalconi (born September 22, 1929) is an American author and illustrator of children's books. Born in New York, she studied art at the Cooper Union School of Art, where she received a certificate in advertising art in 1950. She worked for several years in advertising and display, then taught art and design at the High School of Fashion Industries before leaving to become a full-time illustrator and author.", "title": "Ann Grifalconi" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Meredith Godreau is an American singer-songwriter performing under the pseudonym Gregory and the Hawk. Active since 2003, Godreau initially enjoyed independent success with two EPs and a full-length album selling a total of 15,000 copies.", "title": "Gregory and the Hawk" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``School's Out ''is a 1972 song first recorded as the title track single of Alice Cooper's fifth album and written by the Alice Cooper band: Cooper, Michael Bruce, Glen Buxton, Dennis Dunaway and Neal Smith.", "title": "School's Out (song)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Africa Partnership Station (or APS) is an international initiative developed by United States Naval Forces Europe-Africa, which works cooperatively with U.S. and international partners to improve maritime safety and security in Africa as part of US Africa Command's Security Cooperation program.", "title": "Africa Partnership Station" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The RCBC Plaza was designed by international architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, LLP, in cooperation with local architectural firm W.V. Coscolluela & Associates. The structural design was provided by international engineering company Skilling Ward Magnusson Barkshire in cooperation with local engineering company R.S. Caparros Associates & Company. Project management services was provided by Bovis Lend Lease, while construction management works were provided by Pacific Orient Consultants & Management, Inc. The Main Contractor was ECW Joint Venture consisting of EEI Corporation (Philippines), Concrete Constructions (Australia) and Walter Bau (Germany). The superstructure construction works were self performed by ECW JV. EEI Corporation is also a part of the Yuchengco Group of Companies.", "title": "RCBC Plaza" } ]	Who is part of the band that performed Full Cooperation?	Erick Sermon	[]	Title: You Were There for Me Passage: You Were There for Me is a collaboration studio album of Peter Rowan and Tony Rice. The record marks their first full-fledged cooperation, though they had previously appeared on several albums together. Title: Salem County Vocational Technical Schools Passage: The Salem County Vocational Technical Schools (SCVTS) is a countywide vocational and technical public school district, serving the educational needs of residents of Salem County, New Jersey, United States. The district offers programs on both a full-time and shared-time basis in cooperation and partnership with the county's elementary and secondary schools, local and regional colleges and universities, for both school-aged students and adults. Title: Don Draper Passage: Don Draper Mad Men character Jon Hamm as Don Draper First appearance ``Smoke Gets in Your Eyes ''(1.01) Last appearance`` Person to Person'' (7.14) Created by Matthew Weiner Portrayed by Jon Hamm Brandon Killham (Young Dick Whitman) Information Full name Donald Francis Draper Nickname (s) Don, Dick Aliases Richard Whitman (birth name) Occupation Senior Partner and Creative Director, Sterling Cooper & Partners (season 6 -- present; End of Season 7 Part 1 for Creative Director) Founding Partner, Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce (seasons 4 -- 6) Creative Director, Sterling Cooper (seasons 1 -- 3) Family Archibald Whitman Evangeline Abigail Whitman (stepmother) Uncle Mac (stepfather) Spouse (s) Megan Calvet (1965 -- 1970) Betty Hofstadt (1953 -- 1964) Anna M. Draper (widow of real Don Draper, div. 1953) Children Sally Beth Draper (daughter) Robert ``Bobby ''Draper (son) Eugene Scott Draper (son) Relatives Adam Whitman (half brother) Title: Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman Passage: Jane Seymour -- Dr. Michaela Quinn Joe Lando -- Byron Sully Chad Allen -- Matthew Cooper Erika Flores -- Colleen Cooper (seasons 1 - 3) Jessica Bowman -- Colleen Cooper Cook (mid-season 3 -- 6) Shawn Toovey -- Brian Cooper Title: Frank TV Passage: Frank TV was an American sketch comedy show starring "Mad TV" veteran Frank Caliendo, Mike MacRae, and Freddy Lockhart. Caliendo hosted the show and performed in sketches in full makeup as characters he impersonated. Title: Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty Passage: ``Happily Ever After ''is Part 6 in the 6 issue story arc of Archie Marries Veronica / Archie Marries Betty that was originally presented in Archie # 605. The story features a futuristic look into the life of Archie Andrews and Betty Cooper as they raise a pair of fraternal twins. Title: Full Cooperation Passage: "Full Cooperation" is a song by the American hip hop group Def Squad recorded for their sole album "El Niño" (1998). The song was released as the only single in promotion of the album on April 14, 1998. Title: School's Out (song) Passage: ``School's Out ''is a 1972 song first recorded as the title track single of Alice Cooper's fifth album and written by the Alice Cooper band: Cooper, Michael Bruce, Glen Buxton, Dennis Dunaway and Neal Smith. Title: RCBC Plaza Passage: The RCBC Plaza was designed by international architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, LLP, in cooperation with local architectural firm W.V. Coscolluela & Associates. The structural design was provided by international engineering company Skilling Ward Magnusson Barkshire in cooperation with local engineering company R.S. Caparros Associates & Company. Project management services was provided by Bovis Lend Lease, while construction management works were provided by Pacific Orient Consultants & Management, Inc. The Main Contractor was ECW Joint Venture consisting of EEI Corporation (Philippines), Concrete Constructions (Australia) and Walter Bau (Germany). The superstructure construction works were self performed by ECW JV. EEI Corporation is also a part of the Yuchengco Group of Companies. Title: Def Squad Passage: Def Squad is a rap supergroup consisting of Erick Sermon, Redman and Keith Murray. Jamal is considered an honorary member of the Def Squad. Before officially forming as a group to release an album in 1998, they had each been featured on tracks by each other. The Def Squad was formed following the disbandment of the Hit Squad, who broke up after the struggles between EPMD members Erick Sermon and Parrish Smith. Title: School for Secrets Passage: School for Secrets (also known as Secret Flight) is a 1946 British black and white film written and directed by Peter Ustinov and starring Ralph Richardson. In leading supporting roles were David Tomlinson, Raymond Huntley, Finlay Currie, Richard Attenborough, John Laurie and Michael Hordern. Developed with the full cooperation of the Air Ministry, the film celebrates the discovery of radar. Title: Ann Grifalconi Passage: Ann Grifalconi (born September 22, 1929) is an American author and illustrator of children's books. Born in New York, she studied art at the Cooper Union School of Art, where she received a certificate in advertising art in 1950. She worked for several years in advertising and display, then taught art and design at the High School of Fashion Industries before leaving to become a full-time illustrator and author. Title: A Fistful of Alice Passage: A Fistful of Alice is a live album by Alice Cooper. It was released in 1997, and was recorded the previous year at Sammy Hagar's Cabo Wabo club in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. Slash plays guitar for part of the album (returning the favor after Cooper guested on "The Garden from the 1991 Guns N' Roses album "Use Your Illusion I") and Cooper says before the song "Desperado" that it was written about Jim Morrison, who died in 1971, the same year Cooper wrote the song. Also featured in the album are Rob Zombie on vocals and Sammy Hagar on guitar. The only song from the show that has not been commercially released is the title track from 1991's "Hey Stoopid". The last song, "Is Anyone Home?", is a studio recording recorded specifically for the album. Title: Full-time Passage: Full - time employment is employment in which a person works a minimum number of hours defined as such by his / her employer. Full - time employment often comes with benefits that are not typically offered to part - time, temporary, or flexible workers, such as annual leave, sickleave, and health insurance. Part - time jobs are mistakenly thought by some to not be careers. However, legislation exists to stop employers from discriminating against part - time workers so this should not be a factor when making decisions on career advancement. They generally pay more than part - time jobs per hour, and this is similarly discriminatory if the pay decision is based on part - time status as a primary factor. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full - time employment or part - time employment. This is a matter generally to be determined by the employer (US Department of Labor). The definition by employer can vary and is generally published in a company's Employee Handbook. Companies commonly require from 35 to 40 hours per week to be defined as full - time and therefore eligible for benefits. Title: Gregory and the Hawk Passage: Meredith Godreau is an American singer-songwriter performing under the pseudonym Gregory and the Hawk. Active since 2003, Godreau initially enjoyed independent success with two EPs and a full-length album selling a total of 15,000 copies. Title: Hangin' with Mr. Cooper Passage: Hangin 'with Mr. Cooper is an American television sitcom that originally aired on ABC from September 22, 1992 to August 30, 1997, starring Mark Curry and Holly Robinson. The show took place in Curry's hometown of Oakland, California. Hangin' with Mr. Cooper was produced by Jeff Franklin Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television (it was produced by Lorimar Television for the first season only, before it was absorbed by Warner Bros.), and also became produced by Bickley - Warren Productions by the third season. The show originally aired on Tuesdays in prime time after sister series Full House (which was also created by Jeff Franklin and set in the San Francisco Bay Area). The show found its niche as an addition to the TGIF Friday night lineup on ABC, and was part of the lineup from September 1993 to May 1996 (spanning the show's second, third and fourth seasons; airing in - between Step By Step and the news magazine series 20 / 20), before moving to Saturdays for its fifth and final season. Title: Greece Passage: Greece's technology parks with incubator facilities include the Science and Technology Park of Crete (Heraklion), the Thessaloniki Technology Park, the Lavrio Technology Park and the Patras Science Park, the Science and Technology Park of Epirus (Ioannina). Greece has been a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) since 2005. Cooperation between ESA and the Hellenic National Space Committee began in the early 1990s. In 1994 Greece and ESA signed their first cooperation agreement. Having formally applied for full membership in 2003, Greece became the ESA's sixteenth member on 16 March 2005. As member of the ESA, Greece participates in the agency's telecommunication and technology activities, and the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security Initiative. Title: Africa Partnership Station Passage: Africa Partnership Station (or APS) is an international initiative developed by United States Naval Forces Europe-Africa, which works cooperatively with U.S. and international partners to improve maritime safety and security in Africa as part of US Africa Command's Security Cooperation program. Title: Fonejacker Passage: Fonejacker is a British comedy programme broadcast on E4 featuring a series of prank calls involving a number of different characters performed by British Iranian television actor Kayvan Novak. It first appeared in May 2006 and became a full series in 2007. Title: John Cooper Clarke Passage: John Cooper Clarke (born 25 January 1949) is an English performance poet who first became famous during the punk rock era of the late 1970s when he became known as a ``punk poet ''. He released several albums in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and continues to perform regularly.	[ "Def Squad", "Full Cooperation" ]
2hop__43776_162341	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The film version was released in 1971, directed and produced by Norman Jewison, and Stein adapted his own book for the screenplay. The casting of Chaim Topol over Zero Mostel for the role of Tevye caused controversy at first. The film received mostly positive reviews from film critics and became the highest - grossing film of 1971. Fiddler received eight Oscar nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director for Jewison, Best Actor in a Leading Role for Topol, and Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Leonard Frey (as Motel; in the original Broadway production, Frey was the rabbi's son). It won three, including best score / adaptation for arranger - conductor John Williams.", "title": "Fiddler on the Roof" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the 83rd Academy Awards, \"The King's Speech\" won the Academy Award for Best Picture, Best Director (Hooper), Best Actor (Firth), and Best Original Screenplay (Seidler). The film had received 12 Oscar nominations, more than any other film in that year. Besides the four categories it won, the film received nominations for Best Cinematography (Danny Cohen) and two for the supporting actors (Bonham Carter and Rush), as well as two for its mise-en-scène: Art Direction and Costumes.", "title": "The King's Speech" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The film premiered at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival, where Mungiu won the award for Best Screenplay, and Flutur and Stratan shared the award for Best Actress. It was selected as the Romanian entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 85th Academy Awards, making the January shortlist.", "title": "Beyond the Hills" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Million Dollar Baby received the award for Best Picture of 2004 at the 77th Academy Awards. Clint Eastwood was awarded his second Best Director Oscar for the film, and also received a Best Actor in a Leading Role nomination. Hilary Swank and Morgan Freeman received Best Actress in a Leading Role and Best Actor in a Supporting Role Oscars, respectively. Joel Cox, Eastwood's editor for many years, was nominated for Best Film Editing, and Paul Haggis was nominated for the Best Adapted Screenplay award. The film was named the third ``Best Film of the 21st Century So Far ''in 2017 by The New York Times.", "title": "Million Dollar Baby" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2018, 41 actors and actresses have received two or more Academy Awards in acting categories. Katharine Hepburn leads the way with four Best Actress awards. Five have won three Academy Awards: Ingrid Bergman (two Best Actress awards and one Best Supporting Actress award), Walter Brennan (three Best Supporting Actor awards), Jack Nicholson (two Best Actor awards and one Best Supporting Actor award), Meryl Streep (two Best Actress awards and one Best Supporting Actress award), and Daniel Day - Lewis (three Best Actor awards). Brennan was the first to receive three or more Academy Awards in 1940, followed by Hepburn in 1968, Bergman in 1974, Nicholson in 1997, Streep in 2011, and most recently Day - Lewis in 2012. Of the six, only Nicholson, Streep, and Day - Lewis are still living.", "title": "List of actors with two or more Academy Awards in acting categories" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The film was directed by Mike Nichols (his final film) and written by Aaron Sorkin, who adapted George Crile III's 2003 book Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, and Philip Seymour Hoffman starred, with Amy Adams and Ned Beatty in supporting roles. It was nominated for five Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, but did not win in any category. Hoffman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "title": "Charlie Wilson's War (film)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The film was released in North America on December 25, 2008 to positive reviews. The film went on to receive thirteen Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director for Fincher, Best Actor for Pitt, and Best Supporting Actress for Taraji P. Henson, and won three, for Best Art Direction, Best Makeup, and Best Visual Effects.", "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Inglourious Basterds grossed over $321 million in theaters worldwide, making it Tarantino's highest-grossing film until the release of Django Unchained (2012); it remains his second-highest-grossing film. It received multiple awards and nominations, among them eight Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Screenplay. For his role as Landa, Waltz won the Cannes Film Festival's Best Actor Award, as well as the BAFTA, Screen Actors Guild, Golden Globe, and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "title": "Inglourious Basterds" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Year (Ceremony) Actor / Actress Category Film title used in nomination Result 1938 (11th) Fay Bainter Best Actress White Banners Nominated Best Supporting Actress Jezebel Academy Award! Won 1942 (15th) Teresa Wright Best Actress The Pride of the Yankees Nominated Best Supporting Actress Mrs. Miniver Academy Award! Won 1944 (17th) Barry Fitzgerald Best Actor Going My Way Nominated Best Supporting Actor Academy Award! Won 1982 (55th) Jessica Lange Best Actress Frances Nominated Best Supporting Actress Tootsie Academy Award! Won 1988 (61st) Sigourney Weaver Best Actress Gorillas in the Mist Nominated Best Supporting Actress Working Girl Nominated 1992 (65th) Al Pacino Best Actor Scent of a Woman Academy Award! Won Best Supporting Actor Glengarry Glen Ross Nominated 1993 (66th) Holly Hunter Best Actress The Piano Academy Award! Won Best Supporting Actress The Firm Nominated Emma Thompson Best Actress The Remains of the Day Nominated Best Supporting Actress In the Name of the Father Nominated 2002 (75th) Julianne Moore Best Actress Far from Heaven Nominated Best Supporting Actress The Hours Nominated (77th) Jamie Foxx Best Actor Ray Academy Award! Won Best Supporting Actor Collateral Nominated 2007 (80th) Cate Blanchett Best Actress Elizabeth: The Golden Age Nominated Best Supporting Actress I'm Not There Nominated", "title": "List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "François Bégaudeau (; born 27 April 1971) is a French writer, journalist, and actor. He is best known for co-writing and starring in \"Entre les murs\" (2008), a film based on his 2006 novel of the same name. The film won the Palme d'Or at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Foreign Language Film in 2009.", "title": "François Bégaudeau" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Andrew Scott (born October 21, 1976) is an Irish film, television, and stage actor. In 2010, he achieved widespread recognition playing the role of Jim Moriarty in the BBC series Sherlock, a dramatic role which continued until 2017. In 2017 he won acclaim playing the title role of Hamlet in a production first staged at the Almeida Theatre, directed by Robert Icke, and for which he has been nominated for a 2018 Olivier Award for Best Actor.", "title": "Andrew Scott (actor)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heureux Anniversaire (also known as \"Happy Anniversary\") is a 1962 French short comedy film directed by Pierre Étaix. It won an Oscar in 1963 for Best Short Subject.", "title": "Heureux Anniversaire" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Philip Seymour Hoffman -- Capote as Truman Capote Terrence Howard -- Hustle & Flow as DJay Heath Ledger -- Brokeback Mountain as Ennis Del Mar Joaquin Phoenix -- Walk the Line as Johnny Cash David Strathairn -- Good Night, and Good Luck as Edward R. Murrow", "title": "78th Academy Awards" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Allen and his sister Jody Allen together were the owners and executive producers of Vulcan Productions, a television and film production company headquartered in Seattle within the entertainment division of Vulcan Inc. Their films have received various recognition, ranging from a Peabody to Independent Spirit Awards, Grammys and Emmys. In 2014 alone, Allen's film, \"We The Economy,\" won 12 awards including a Webby award for best Online News & Politics Series. The films have also been nominated for Golden Globes and Academy Awards among many others. Vulcan Productions' films and documentary projects include \"Far from Heaven\" (2002), \"Hard Candy\" (2005), \"Rx for Survival: A Global Health Challenge\" (2005), \"Where God Left His Shoes\" (2006), \"\" (2007), \"This Emotional Life\" (2010), \"We The Economy\" (2014) \"Racing Extinction\" (2015) and Oscar-nominated \"Body Team 12\" (2015).", "title": "Paul Allen" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "45 Years is a 2015 British romantic drama film directed and written by Andrew Haigh. The film is based on the short story \"In Another Country\" by David Constantine. The film premiered in the main competition section of the 65th Berlin International Film Festival. Charlotte Rampling won the Silver Bear for Best Actress and Tom Courtenay won the Silver Bear for Best Actor. At the 88th Academy Awards, Rampling received a nomination for Best Actress in a Leading Role.", "title": "45 Years" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Year Nominated work Category Result 1988 Cry Freedom Best Supporting Actor Nominated 1990 Glory Best Supporting Actor Won 1993 Malcolm X Best Actor Nominated 2000 The Hurricane Best Actor Nominated 2002 Training Day Best Actor Won 2013 Flight Best Actor Nominated 2017 Fences Best Actor Nominated Best Picture Nominated", "title": "List of awards and nominations received by Denzel Washington" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Released theatrically by 20th Century Fox in June 1976, \"The Omen\" received acclaim from critics and was a commercial success, grossing over $60 million at the box office and becoming one of the highest-grossing films of 1976. The film earned two Oscar nominations, and won for Best Original Score for Jerry Goldsmith, his only Oscar win. A scene from the film appeared at #16 on Bravo's The 100 Scariest Movie Moments. The film spawned a franchise, starting with \"\", released two years later, and followed by a third installment, \"\", in 1981. A remake was released in 2006.", "title": "The Omen" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 26, 2012. The Artist was the second silent feature to win Best Picture. The 1927 film Wings was the first such film to achieve this distinction at the inaugural awards ceremony in 1929. Moreover, it was also the first black - and - white feature to win Best Picture since 1993's Schindler's List. Best Actor winner Jean Dujardin became the first French actor to win an Oscar. With her latest win for Best Actress, Meryl Streep became the fifth performer to win at least three acting Oscars. At age 82, Best Supporting Actor winner Christopher Plummer also made Oscar history by becoming the oldest ever performer to win a competitive acting Oscar.", "title": "84th Academy Awards" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It's Kind of a Funny Story is a 2006 novel by American author Ned Vizzini. The book was inspired by Vizzini's own brief hospitalization for depression in November 2004. Ned Vizzini later committed suicide on December 19, 2013. The book received recognition as a 2007 Best Book for Young Adults from the American Library Association.", "title": "It's Kind of a Funny Story" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Damon and Ben Affleck wrote \"Good Will Hunting\" (1997), a screenplay about a young math genius, which received nine Academy Awards nominations, earning Damon and Affleck Oscars and Golden Globes for Best Screenplay. Damon was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for the same film. Since then he has received dozens of nominations and awards for his work as an actor, screenwriter, and producer including the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his role in \"The Martian\".", "title": "List of awards and nominations received by Matt Damon" } ]	What other recognition did the Oscar winner for Best Actor in 2006 receive?	nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor	[ "Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor" ]	Title: Heureux Anniversaire Passage: Heureux Anniversaire (also known as "Happy Anniversary") is a 1962 French short comedy film directed by Pierre Étaix. It won an Oscar in 1963 for Best Short Subject. Title: Beyond the Hills Passage: The film premiered at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival, where Mungiu won the award for Best Screenplay, and Flutur and Stratan shared the award for Best Actress. It was selected as the Romanian entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 85th Academy Awards, making the January shortlist. Title: List of awards and nominations received by Denzel Washington Passage: Year Nominated work Category Result 1988 Cry Freedom Best Supporting Actor Nominated 1990 Glory Best Supporting Actor Won 1993 Malcolm X Best Actor Nominated 2000 The Hurricane Best Actor Nominated 2002 Training Day Best Actor Won 2013 Flight Best Actor Nominated 2017 Fences Best Actor Nominated Best Picture Nominated Title: Fiddler on the Roof Passage: The film version was released in 1971, directed and produced by Norman Jewison, and Stein adapted his own book for the screenplay. The casting of Chaim Topol over Zero Mostel for the role of Tevye caused controversy at first. The film received mostly positive reviews from film critics and became the highest - grossing film of 1971. Fiddler received eight Oscar nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director for Jewison, Best Actor in a Leading Role for Topol, and Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Leonard Frey (as Motel; in the original Broadway production, Frey was the rabbi's son). It won three, including best score / adaptation for arranger - conductor John Williams. Title: 84th Academy Awards Passage: The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 26, 2012. The Artist was the second silent feature to win Best Picture. The 1927 film Wings was the first such film to achieve this distinction at the inaugural awards ceremony in 1929. Moreover, it was also the first black - and - white feature to win Best Picture since 1993's Schindler's List. Best Actor winner Jean Dujardin became the first French actor to win an Oscar. With her latest win for Best Actress, Meryl Streep became the fifth performer to win at least three acting Oscars. At age 82, Best Supporting Actor winner Christopher Plummer also made Oscar history by becoming the oldest ever performer to win a competitive acting Oscar. Title: 45 Years Passage: 45 Years is a 2015 British romantic drama film directed and written by Andrew Haigh. The film is based on the short story "In Another Country" by David Constantine. The film premiered in the main competition section of the 65th Berlin International Film Festival. Charlotte Rampling won the Silver Bear for Best Actress and Tom Courtenay won the Silver Bear for Best Actor. At the 88th Academy Awards, Rampling received a nomination for Best Actress in a Leading Role. Title: Paul Allen Passage: Allen and his sister Jody Allen together were the owners and executive producers of Vulcan Productions, a television and film production company headquartered in Seattle within the entertainment division of Vulcan Inc. Their films have received various recognition, ranging from a Peabody to Independent Spirit Awards, Grammys and Emmys. In 2014 alone, Allen's film, "We The Economy," won 12 awards including a Webby award for best Online News & Politics Series. The films have also been nominated for Golden Globes and Academy Awards among many others. Vulcan Productions' films and documentary projects include "Far from Heaven" (2002), "Hard Candy" (2005), "Rx for Survival: A Global Health Challenge" (2005), "Where God Left His Shoes" (2006), "" (2007), "This Emotional Life" (2010), "We The Economy" (2014) "Racing Extinction" (2015) and Oscar-nominated "Body Team 12" (2015). Title: The King's Speech Passage: At the 83rd Academy Awards, "The King's Speech" won the Academy Award for Best Picture, Best Director (Hooper), Best Actor (Firth), and Best Original Screenplay (Seidler). The film had received 12 Oscar nominations, more than any other film in that year. Besides the four categories it won, the film received nominations for Best Cinematography (Danny Cohen) and two for the supporting actors (Bonham Carter and Rush), as well as two for its mise-en-scène: Art Direction and Costumes. Title: François Bégaudeau Passage: François Bégaudeau (; born 27 April 1971) is a French writer, journalist, and actor. He is best known for co-writing and starring in "Entre les murs" (2008), a film based on his 2006 novel of the same name. The film won the Palme d'Or at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Foreign Language Film in 2009. Title: List of actors with two or more Academy Awards in acting categories Passage: As of 2018, 41 actors and actresses have received two or more Academy Awards in acting categories. Katharine Hepburn leads the way with four Best Actress awards. Five have won three Academy Awards: Ingrid Bergman (two Best Actress awards and one Best Supporting Actress award), Walter Brennan (three Best Supporting Actor awards), Jack Nicholson (two Best Actor awards and one Best Supporting Actor award), Meryl Streep (two Best Actress awards and one Best Supporting Actress award), and Daniel Day - Lewis (three Best Actor awards). Brennan was the first to receive three or more Academy Awards in 1940, followed by Hepburn in 1968, Bergman in 1974, Nicholson in 1997, Streep in 2011, and most recently Day - Lewis in 2012. Of the six, only Nicholson, Streep, and Day - Lewis are still living. Title: 78th Academy Awards Passage: Philip Seymour Hoffman -- Capote as Truman Capote Terrence Howard -- Hustle & Flow as DJay Heath Ledger -- Brokeback Mountain as Ennis Del Mar Joaquin Phoenix -- Walk the Line as Johnny Cash David Strathairn -- Good Night, and Good Luck as Edward R. Murrow Title: List of awards and nominations received by Matt Damon Passage: Damon and Ben Affleck wrote "Good Will Hunting" (1997), a screenplay about a young math genius, which received nine Academy Awards nominations, earning Damon and Affleck Oscars and Golden Globes for Best Screenplay. Damon was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for the same film. Since then he has received dozens of nominations and awards for his work as an actor, screenwriter, and producer including the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his role in "The Martian". Title: List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year Passage: Year (Ceremony) Actor / Actress Category Film title used in nomination Result 1938 (11th) Fay Bainter Best Actress White Banners Nominated Best Supporting Actress Jezebel Academy Award! Won 1942 (15th) Teresa Wright Best Actress The Pride of the Yankees Nominated Best Supporting Actress Mrs. Miniver Academy Award! Won 1944 (17th) Barry Fitzgerald Best Actor Going My Way Nominated Best Supporting Actor Academy Award! Won 1982 (55th) Jessica Lange Best Actress Frances Nominated Best Supporting Actress Tootsie Academy Award! Won 1988 (61st) Sigourney Weaver Best Actress Gorillas in the Mist Nominated Best Supporting Actress Working Girl Nominated 1992 (65th) Al Pacino Best Actor Scent of a Woman Academy Award! Won Best Supporting Actor Glengarry Glen Ross Nominated 1993 (66th) Holly Hunter Best Actress The Piano Academy Award! Won Best Supporting Actress The Firm Nominated Emma Thompson Best Actress The Remains of the Day Nominated Best Supporting Actress In the Name of the Father Nominated 2002 (75th) Julianne Moore Best Actress Far from Heaven Nominated Best Supporting Actress The Hours Nominated (77th) Jamie Foxx Best Actor Ray Academy Award! Won Best Supporting Actor Collateral Nominated 2007 (80th) Cate Blanchett Best Actress Elizabeth: The Golden Age Nominated Best Supporting Actress I'm Not There Nominated Title: The Omen Passage: Released theatrically by 20th Century Fox in June 1976, "The Omen" received acclaim from critics and was a commercial success, grossing over $60 million at the box office and becoming one of the highest-grossing films of 1976. The film earned two Oscar nominations, and won for Best Original Score for Jerry Goldsmith, his only Oscar win. A scene from the film appeared at #16 on Bravo's The 100 Scariest Movie Moments. The film spawned a franchise, starting with "", released two years later, and followed by a third installment, "", in 1981. A remake was released in 2006. Title: Million Dollar Baby Passage: Million Dollar Baby received the award for Best Picture of 2004 at the 77th Academy Awards. Clint Eastwood was awarded his second Best Director Oscar for the film, and also received a Best Actor in a Leading Role nomination. Hilary Swank and Morgan Freeman received Best Actress in a Leading Role and Best Actor in a Supporting Role Oscars, respectively. Joel Cox, Eastwood's editor for many years, was nominated for Best Film Editing, and Paul Haggis was nominated for the Best Adapted Screenplay award. The film was named the third ``Best Film of the 21st Century So Far ''in 2017 by The New York Times. Title: It's Kind of a Funny Story Passage: It's Kind of a Funny Story is a 2006 novel by American author Ned Vizzini. The book was inspired by Vizzini's own brief hospitalization for depression in November 2004. Ned Vizzini later committed suicide on December 19, 2013. The book received recognition as a 2007 Best Book for Young Adults from the American Library Association. Title: The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film) Passage: The film was released in North America on December 25, 2008 to positive reviews. The film went on to receive thirteen Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director for Fincher, Best Actor for Pitt, and Best Supporting Actress for Taraji P. Henson, and won three, for Best Art Direction, Best Makeup, and Best Visual Effects. Title: Charlie Wilson's War (film) Passage: The film was directed by Mike Nichols (his final film) and written by Aaron Sorkin, who adapted George Crile III's 2003 book Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, and Philip Seymour Hoffman starred, with Amy Adams and Ned Beatty in supporting roles. It was nominated for five Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, but did not win in any category. Hoffman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Title: Andrew Scott (actor) Passage: Andrew Scott (born October 21, 1976) is an Irish film, television, and stage actor. In 2010, he achieved widespread recognition playing the role of Jim Moriarty in the BBC series Sherlock, a dramatic role which continued until 2017. In 2017 he won acclaim playing the title role of Hamlet in a production first staged at the Almeida Theatre, directed by Robert Icke, and for which he has been nominated for a 2018 Olivier Award for Best Actor. Title: Inglourious Basterds Passage: Inglourious Basterds grossed over $321 million in theaters worldwide, making it Tarantino's highest-grossing film until the release of Django Unchained (2012); it remains his second-highest-grossing film. It received multiple awards and nominations, among them eight Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Screenplay. For his role as Landa, Waltz won the Cannes Film Festival's Best Actor Award, as well as the BAFTA, Screen Actors Guild, Golden Globe, and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.	[ "Charlie Wilson's War (film)", "78th Academy Awards" ]
2hop__532383_768138	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lava Ground is the debut album from Jamaican reggae artist I Wayne. The album features guest appearances from Fire Chess, Harmony and Fire Star. As well as production from P. Henry, M.Miller, O. Hibbert etc. The album includes the hits \"Living In Love\" and \"Can't Satisfy Her\".", "title": "Lava Ground" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The English term dates back to William Davenant's The Platonic Lovers (performed in 1635); a critique of the philosophy of platonic love which was popular at Charles I's court. It is derived from the concept in Plato's Symposium of the love of the idea of good which lies at the root of all virtue and truth. For a brief period, Platonic love was a fashionable subject at the English royal court, especially in the circle around Queen Henrietta Maria, the wife of King Charles I. Platonic love was the theme of some of the courtly masques performed in the Caroline era -- though the fashion soon waned under pressures of social and political change.", "title": "Platonic love" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Washington Post ''- Composed by John Philip Sousa`` Mr. Sandman'' - Performed by The Four Aces ``The Ballad of Davy Crockett ''- Performed by Fess Parker`` Pledging My Love'' - Performed by Johnny Ace ``Out the Window ''- Performed by Edward Van Halen", "title": "Back to the Future (soundtrack)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix\" is an R&B/new jack swing-styled pop single from American actor and singer Joey Lawrence, and is the first single from his self-titled debut album, released on February 9, 1993.", "title": "Nothin' My Love Can't Fix" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I Still Can't Get Over Loving You\" is a 1983 song written and performed by Ray Parker, Jr.. It was the lead single from his \"Woman Out of Control\" album of the same year, and it reached #12 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in early 1984. It was Parker's fifth Top 20 hit, the sixth being 1984's \"Ghostbusters\".", "title": "I Still Can't Get Over Loving You" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Diana Ross (born March 26, 1944) is an American singer, actress, and record producer. Born and raised in Detroit, Michigan, Ross rose to fame as the lead singer of the vocal group the Supremes, which, during the 1960s, became Motown's most successful act, and are the best charting girl group in US history, as well as one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. The group released a record-setting twelve number-one hit singles on the US Billboard Hot 100, including \"Where Did Our Love Go\", \"Baby Love\", \"Come See About Me\", \"Stop! In the Name of Love\", \"You Can't Hurry Love\", \"You Keep Me Hangin' On\", \"Love Child\", and \"Someday We'll Be Together\".", "title": "Diana Ross" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Cowsill (born March 2, 1956 in Newport, Rhode Island) is an American musician, best known for his work as a singer and drummer with his siblings' band, The Cowsills. He is currently a drummer and vocalist for The Beach Boys touring band, which features original Beach Boy Mike Love and long time member Bruce Johnston. He has also played keyboards for the \"Beach Boys Band\", and according to the band's website, he does Al Jardine's and the late Carl Wilson's vocal parts. He also has performed and recorded with Jan and Dean.", "title": "John Cowsill" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Can't Go for That\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Tamia. It was written by Missy Elliott, Brycyn Evans and Roosevelt \"Bink\" Harrell for her second studio album \"A Nu Day\" (2000), featuring main production from the latter with Elliottt and Evans serving as co-producers. Musically, the song includes an interpolation of \"I Can't Go For That (No Can Do)\" as performed by Hall & Oates.", "title": "Can't Go for That" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Airplay was a short-lived American band, formed by David Foster and Jay Graydon. The band released a self-titled album in 1980, containing \"Nothin' You Can Do About It\" (originally recorded by The Manhattan Transfer) and a cover of the Earth, Wind & Fire hit \"After the Love Has Gone\", written by Foster and Graydon with Bill Champlin.", "title": "Airplay (band)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ain't Nothin' Stoppin' Us Now is an album by Tower of Power released in 1976, the band's first record on Columbia Records. Ron Beck takes up the drummers spot after David Garibaldi exited for a second time.", "title": "Ain't Nothin' Stoppin' Us Now" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pulse is a 1988 American science-fiction horror film written and directed by Paul Golding, drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror, and starring Cliff De Young, Roxanne Hart, Joseph Lawrence, and Matthew Lawrence. The film's title refers to a highly aggressive and intelligent pulse of electricity that terrorizes the occupants of a suburban house in Los Angeles, California. The film was produced through Columbia Pictures and the Aspen Film Society and distributed by Columbia Pictures. The titular Pulse and its accompanying elements were designed by Cinema Research.", "title": "Pulse (1988 film)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Can't Nobody\" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelly Rowland. Penned and produced by Rich Harrison for Rowland's solo debut album \"Simply Deep\" (2002), it incorporates elements of Trouble Funk's 1982 song \"Let's Get Small\", written by band members Robert \"Syke Dyke\" Reed and Tony Fisher.", "title": "Can't Nobody" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Modern United States Navy aircraft carrier air operations include the operation of fixed-wing and rotary aircraft on and around an aircraft carrier for performance of combat or noncombat missions. Modern United States Navy aircraft carrier flight operations are highly evolved, based on experiences dating back to 1922 with .", "title": "Modern United States Navy carrier air operations" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Can't Live with You, Can't Live Without You\" is a duet between Billy Newton-Davis and Celine Dion, released as a single in July 1989 in Canada. The song was featured on Newton-Davis' album \"Spellbound\". \"Can't Live with You, Can't Live Without You\" was later included on Dion's Japanese maxi-single \"Unison\" (1991). It was written by Dan Hill who also wrote for Dion \"Seduces Me\" on her 1996 album \"Falling into You\".", "title": "Can't Live with You, Can't Live Without You" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Are You Ready for Love\" is a song recorded by Elton John in 1977 and first released in the UK in 1979 on the EP \"The Thom Bell Sessions\". It was written by Leroy Bell, Thom Bell and Casey James, and was originally produced in Philadelphia by Thom Bell (who had already produced a series of hits for The Spinners, The Delfonics and The Stylistics). While the song, \"Mama Can't Buy You Love\" from the EP charted in 1979, this song and the other track on the three-track 12-inch vinyl disc, \"Three Way Love Affair\", were only minor footnotes at the time.", "title": "Are You Ready for Love" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick / Ningyo\" is Namie Amuro's 30th solo single under the Avex Trax label. It was released on CD and CD&DVD May 17, 2006, six months after her last single \"White Light/Violet Sauce\". Although she has had Japanese song titles prior to signing with Avex Trax, \"Ningyo\" or \"人魚\" which means mermaid, is her first with the label. \"Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick\" is featured on the album \"Play\", although the latter A-side, \"Ningyo\" or \"人魚\", was excluded.", "title": "Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "You Can't Beat Love is a 1937 American comedy film directed by Christy Cabanne and written by Maxwell Shane and David Silverstein. The film stars Preston Foster, Joan Fontaine, Herbert Mundin, William Brisbane and Alan Bruce. The film was released on June 25, 1937.", "title": "You Can't Beat Love" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Can't Hurry Love is an American sitcom starring Nancy McKeon that aired on CBS from September 18, 1995, to February 26, 1996.", "title": "Can't Hurry Love" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nelson is an American rock band founded by singer/songwriters Matthew and Gunnar Nelson (twin sons of Ricky Nelson and Kristin Nelson). The band achieved success during the early 1990s with their double platinum debut album \"After the Rain\", which featured the number-one hit \"(Can't Live Without Your) Love and Affection\".", "title": "Nelson (band)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pitt was born in Hamilton, Ontario, one of six siblings. She has two sisters and three brothers. She has attended the Hamilton Academy of Performing Arts, where she studies acting, singing and dancing, and has performed with the Hamilton City Ballet.", "title": "Erin Pitt" } ]	Who is the brother of the Nothin' My Love Can't Fix performer?	Matthew Lawrence	[]	Title: Can't Live with You, Can't Live Without You Passage: "Can't Live with You, Can't Live Without You" is a duet between Billy Newton-Davis and Celine Dion, released as a single in July 1989 in Canada. The song was featured on Newton-Davis' album "Spellbound". "Can't Live with You, Can't Live Without You" was later included on Dion's Japanese maxi-single "Unison" (1991). It was written by Dan Hill who also wrote for Dion "Seduces Me" on her 1996 album "Falling into You". Title: Airplay (band) Passage: Airplay was a short-lived American band, formed by David Foster and Jay Graydon. The band released a self-titled album in 1980, containing "Nothin' You Can Do About It" (originally recorded by The Manhattan Transfer) and a cover of the Earth, Wind & Fire hit "After the Love Has Gone", written by Foster and Graydon with Bill Champlin. Title: Lava Ground Passage: Lava Ground is the debut album from Jamaican reggae artist I Wayne. The album features guest appearances from Fire Chess, Harmony and Fire Star. As well as production from P. Henry, M.Miller, O. Hibbert etc. The album includes the hits "Living In Love" and "Can't Satisfy Her". Title: Can't Hurry Love Passage: Can't Hurry Love is an American sitcom starring Nancy McKeon that aired on CBS from September 18, 1995, to February 26, 1996. Title: John Cowsill Passage: John Cowsill (born March 2, 1956 in Newport, Rhode Island) is an American musician, best known for his work as a singer and drummer with his siblings' band, The Cowsills. He is currently a drummer and vocalist for The Beach Boys touring band, which features original Beach Boy Mike Love and long time member Bruce Johnston. He has also played keyboards for the "Beach Boys Band", and according to the band's website, he does Al Jardine's and the late Carl Wilson's vocal parts. He also has performed and recorded with Jan and Dean. Title: Nothin' My Love Can't Fix Passage: "Nothin' My Love Can't Fix" is an R&B/new jack swing-styled pop single from American actor and singer Joey Lawrence, and is the first single from his self-titled debut album, released on February 9, 1993. Title: Platonic love Passage: The English term dates back to William Davenant's The Platonic Lovers (performed in 1635); a critique of the philosophy of platonic love which was popular at Charles I's court. It is derived from the concept in Plato's Symposium of the love of the idea of good which lies at the root of all virtue and truth. For a brief period, Platonic love was a fashionable subject at the English royal court, especially in the circle around Queen Henrietta Maria, the wife of King Charles I. Platonic love was the theme of some of the courtly masques performed in the Caroline era -- though the fashion soon waned under pressures of social and political change. Title: Erin Pitt Passage: Pitt was born in Hamilton, Ontario, one of six siblings. She has two sisters and three brothers. She has attended the Hamilton Academy of Performing Arts, where she studies acting, singing and dancing, and has performed with the Hamilton City Ballet. Title: Ain't Nothin' Stoppin' Us Now Passage: Ain't Nothin' Stoppin' Us Now is an album by Tower of Power released in 1976, the band's first record on Columbia Records. Ron Beck takes up the drummers spot after David Garibaldi exited for a second time. Title: Modern United States Navy carrier air operations Passage: Modern United States Navy aircraft carrier air operations include the operation of fixed-wing and rotary aircraft on and around an aircraft carrier for performance of combat or noncombat missions. Modern United States Navy aircraft carrier flight operations are highly evolved, based on experiences dating back to 1922 with . Title: Diana Ross Passage: Diana Ross (born March 26, 1944) is an American singer, actress, and record producer. Born and raised in Detroit, Michigan, Ross rose to fame as the lead singer of the vocal group the Supremes, which, during the 1960s, became Motown's most successful act, and are the best charting girl group in US history, as well as one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. The group released a record-setting twelve number-one hit singles on the US Billboard Hot 100, including "Where Did Our Love Go", "Baby Love", "Come See About Me", "Stop! In the Name of Love", "You Can't Hurry Love", "You Keep Me Hangin' On", "Love Child", and "Someday We'll Be Together". Title: Can't Go for That Passage: "Can't Go for That" is a song by Canadian recording artist Tamia. It was written by Missy Elliott, Brycyn Evans and Roosevelt "Bink" Harrell for her second studio album "A Nu Day" (2000), featuring main production from the latter with Elliottt and Evans serving as co-producers. Musically, the song includes an interpolation of "I Can't Go For That (No Can Do)" as performed by Hall & Oates. Title: Can't Nobody Passage: "Can't Nobody" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelly Rowland. Penned and produced by Rich Harrison for Rowland's solo debut album "Simply Deep" (2002), it incorporates elements of Trouble Funk's 1982 song "Let's Get Small", written by band members Robert "Syke Dyke" Reed and Tony Fisher. Title: Back to the Future (soundtrack) Passage: ``The Washington Post ''- Composed by John Philip Sousa`` Mr. Sandman'' - Performed by The Four Aces ``The Ballad of Davy Crockett ''- Performed by Fess Parker`` Pledging My Love'' - Performed by Johnny Ace ``Out the Window ''- Performed by Edward Van Halen Title: I Still Can't Get Over Loving You Passage: "I Still Can't Get Over Loving You" is a 1983 song written and performed by Ray Parker, Jr.. It was the lead single from his "Woman Out of Control" album of the same year, and it reached #12 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in early 1984. It was Parker's fifth Top 20 hit, the sixth being 1984's "Ghostbusters". Title: You Can't Beat Love Passage: You Can't Beat Love is a 1937 American comedy film directed by Christy Cabanne and written by Maxwell Shane and David Silverstein. The film stars Preston Foster, Joan Fontaine, Herbert Mundin, William Brisbane and Alan Bruce. The film was released on June 25, 1937. Title: Are You Ready for Love Passage: "Are You Ready for Love" is a song recorded by Elton John in 1977 and first released in the UK in 1979 on the EP "The Thom Bell Sessions". It was written by Leroy Bell, Thom Bell and Casey James, and was originally produced in Philadelphia by Thom Bell (who had already produced a series of hits for The Spinners, The Delfonics and The Stylistics). While the song, "Mama Can't Buy You Love" from the EP charted in 1979, this song and the other track on the three-track 12-inch vinyl disc, "Three Way Love Affair", were only minor footnotes at the time. Title: Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick Passage: "Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick / Ningyo" is Namie Amuro's 30th solo single under the Avex Trax label. It was released on CD and CD&DVD May 17, 2006, six months after her last single "White Light/Violet Sauce". Although she has had Japanese song titles prior to signing with Avex Trax, "Ningyo" or "人魚" which means mermaid, is her first with the label. "Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick" is featured on the album "Play", although the latter A-side, "Ningyo" or "人魚", was excluded. Title: Nelson (band) Passage: Nelson is an American rock band founded by singer/songwriters Matthew and Gunnar Nelson (twin sons of Ricky Nelson and Kristin Nelson). The band achieved success during the early 1990s with their double platinum debut album "After the Rain", which featured the number-one hit "(Can't Live Without Your) Love and Affection". Title: Pulse (1988 film) Passage: Pulse is a 1988 American science-fiction horror film written and directed by Paul Golding, drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror, and starring Cliff De Young, Roxanne Hart, Joseph Lawrence, and Matthew Lawrence. The film's title refers to a highly aggressive and intelligent pulse of electricity that terrorizes the occupants of a suburban house in Los Angeles, California. The film was produced through Columbia Pictures and the Aspen Film Society and distributed by Columbia Pictures. The titular Pulse and its accompanying elements were designed by Cinema Research.	[ "Nothin' My Love Can't Fix", "Pulse (1988 film)" ]
2hop__284789_52835	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When Nick and Amy both lose their jobs in New York, they relocate to Nick's hometown in Missouri to help take care of Nick's sick mother. This causes their marriage to take a turn -- Amy loved their life in New York and hates living in the midwest, and she soon begins to resent Nick for making her move to his hometown.", "title": "Gone Girl (novel)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grażyna Miller, born in Jedwabne, Poland, started to write poetry in her early childhood, exactly at the age of seven. During her high school years she incessantly wrote poetry while continuing her studies. Her passions were literature and pedagogy, and soon after finishing her studies she started to teach Polish literature.", "title": "Grażyna Miller" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Better Class of Losers\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Randy Travis. It was released in December 1991 as the third single from his album \"High Lonesome\". It peaked at number 2 in both the United States and Canada. Travis co-wrote this song with Alan Jackson. Travis' performance earned him the Grammy nomination for Best Male Country Vocal Performance, his fifth nomination in that category.", "title": "Better Class of Losers" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Sinkin' Soon\" is a song written by Norah Jones and Lee Alexander, and is the second single from Jones's third solo album, \"Not Too Late\" (2007). It was released in the United States on March 26, 2007 (see 2007 in music).", "title": "Sinkin' Soon" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Goodies are a trio of British comedians: Tim Brooke-Taylor, Graeme Garden, and Bill Oddie. They wrote for and performed in their eponymous television comedy show during the 1970s and early 1980s, combining sketches and situation comedy.", "title": "The Goodies" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter Callander (10 October 1939 – 25 February 2014) was an English songwriter and record producer. Active from the 1960s onwards, Callander wrote or co-wrote songs that have been performed by recording artists such as Cilla Black, Tom Jones, Cliff Richard, Shirley Bassey, and The Tremeloes, amongst many others. On some songs he was credited as Robin Conrad. Callander was also a founder member of the Society of Distinguished Songwriters (SODS), a director of PRS for Music, and formed a publishing company, Callander Family Music Ltd.", "title": "Peter Callander" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Father Jean Bernard (13 August 1907 – 1 September 1994) was a Catholic priest from Luxembourg who was imprisoned from May 1941 to August 1942 in the Nazi concentration camp at Dachau. He was released for nine days in February 1942 and allowed to return to Luxembourg, an episode which he later wrote about in his memoirs of the camp and which was turned into a film.", "title": "Father Jean Bernard" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Robert \"Jay\" Graham (February 12, 1870 – February 18, 1950) was an American sports shooter who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. He won gold medals in trap shooting and team clay pigeons. He turned professional soon after the 1912 Games.", "title": "James Graham (sport shooter)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)", "title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The song was originally recorded and released by the Arrows in 1975 on Rak Records, with lead vocals, guitar, music & lyrics written by Alan Merrill and produced by Mickie Most. In an interview with Songfacts, Merrill said he wrote it as ``a knee - jerk response to the Rolling Stones' 'It's Only Rock' n Roll (But I Like It) '. ''This version was first released as a B - side, but was soon re-recorded and flipped to A-side status on a subsequent pressing of the record. The Arrows performed the song in 1975 on the Muriel Young - produced show 45, after which Young offered the Arrows a weekly UK television series, Arrows, which was broadcast on ITV starting in March 1976.", "title": "I Love Rock 'n' Roll" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2002, Erna was asked to write and perform a song for the soundtrack to The Scorpion King. The motion picture was the third in the Mummy saga, and was a spin-off prequel of the Mummy series. The song Godsmack wrote and performed was titled \"I Stand Alone\" and the song became the number 1 single at Rock Radio and the most played Active Rock song in 2002 for 14 weeks straight. It was also used in the game Prince of Persia: Warrior Within.", "title": "Godsmack" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Paris, Maria Deraismes grew up in Pontoise in the city's northwest outskirts. From a prosperous middle-class family, she was well educated and raised in a literary environment. She wrote several literary works and soon developed a reputation as a very capable communicator. She became active in promoting women's rights.", "title": "Maria Deraismes" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"As Simple as That\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Mike Reid. It was released in July 1991 as the third single from his album \"Turning for Home\". The song reached number 14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in October 1991. Reid wrote the song with Allen Shamblin.", "title": "As Simple as That" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Weiss wrote and recorded \"Rhinestone Cowboy\" in 1974, and it appeared on his 20th Century Records album \"Black and Blue Suite\". It did not, however, have much of a commercial impact as a single. In late 1974, Campbell heard the song on the radio and, during a tour of Australia, decided to learn it. Soon after his return to the United States, Campbell went to Al Coury's office at Capitol Records, where he was approached about \"a great new song\" – \"Rhinestone Cowboy\".", "title": "Rhinestone Cowboy" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the \"conservatory\" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself said to a pupil that \"concerts are never real music, you have to give up the idea of hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art.\" Contemporary accounts indicate that in performance, Chopin avoided rigid procedures sometimes incorrectly attributed to him, such as \"always crescendo to a high note\", but that he was concerned with expressive phrasing, rhythmic consistency and sensitive colouring. Berlioz wrote in 1853 that Chopin \"has created a kind of chromatic embroidery ... whose effect is so strange and piquant as to be impossible to describe ... virtually nobody but Chopin himself can play this music and give it this unusual turn\". Hiller wrote that \"What in the hands of others was elegant embellishment, in his hands became a colourful wreath of flowers.\"", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to Lori Lieberman, who performed the original recording in 1971, the song was born of a poem she wrote after experiencing a strong reaction to the Don McLean song ``Empty Chairs '', writing some poetic ideas on a napkin at the Troubadour Club after seeing McLean perform the song, then related this information to Gimbel, who took her feelings and put them into words. Then Gimbel passed the words to Fox, who set them to music.", "title": "Killing Me Softly with His Song" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He wrote tens of librettos, most of them for operas to be performed at La Scala in Milan. In the same city he was professor of declamation at the conservatory.", "title": "Luigi Romanelli" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giulietta e Romeo (\"Juliet and Romeo\") is an opera in two acts by the Italian composer Nicola Vaccai. The libretto, by Felice Romani, is based on the tragedy of the same name by Luigi Scevola and, ultimately, on the 1530 novella of the same name by Luigi da Porto. It was first performed at the Teatro alla Canobbiana, Milan on 31 October 1825. It was Vaccai's last major success, although he wrote another nine operas, and is rarely performed in its full version today.", "title": "Giulietta e Romeo (Vaccai)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``You and I '', written by Lady Gaga and produced by Gaga and Robert John`` Mutt'' Lange, was one of the first songs previewed from the album. Gaga said she wrote the song in New York, while she was busy playing her old piano. The singer first played ``You and I ''at Elton John's White Tie and Tiara Ball in June 2010. She said that the song was a bit of a`` rock - and - roll tune'' and, as such, was unlikely to be released as a single from Born This Way. She said that it ``is very dear ''to her heart. Footage of the performance appeared on the Internet soon after, and positive response encouraged Lady Gaga to perform the song during the first concert of the North American leg of The Monster Ball Tour in Montreal. Gaga told MSNBC's Meredith Vieira and Ann Curry that`` 'You and I' was written about the most important person that I ever met'', allegedly Lüc Carl, her ex-boyfriend.", "title": "You and I (Lady Gaga song)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the intensity of the bombing was not as great as prewar expectations so an equal comparison is impossible, no psychiatric crisis occurred because of the Blitz even during the period of greatest bombing of September 1940. An American witness wrote \"By every test and measure I am able to apply, these people are staunch to the bone and won't quit ... the British are stronger and in a better position than they were at its beginning\". People referred to raids as if they were weather, stating that a day was \"very blitzy\".:75,261 However, another American who visited Britain, the publisher Ralph Ingersoll, wrote soon after the Blitz eased on 15 September that:", "title": "The Blitz" } ]	Who wrote Turn Me On by the performer who also did Sinkin' Soon?	John D. Loudermilk	[]	Title: Father Jean Bernard Passage: Father Jean Bernard (13 August 1907 – 1 September 1994) was a Catholic priest from Luxembourg who was imprisoned from May 1941 to August 1942 in the Nazi concentration camp at Dachau. He was released for nine days in February 1942 and allowed to return to Luxembourg, an episode which he later wrote about in his memoirs of the camp and which was turned into a film. Title: Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song) Passage: ``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004) Title: Better Class of Losers Passage: "Better Class of Losers" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Randy Travis. It was released in December 1991 as the third single from his album "High Lonesome". It peaked at number 2 in both the United States and Canada. Travis co-wrote this song with Alan Jackson. Travis' performance earned him the Grammy nomination for Best Male Country Vocal Performance, his fifth nomination in that category. Title: James Graham (sport shooter) Passage: James Robert "Jay" Graham (February 12, 1870 – February 18, 1950) was an American sports shooter who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. He won gold medals in trap shooting and team clay pigeons. He turned professional soon after the 1912 Games. Title: Grażyna Miller Passage: Grażyna Miller, born in Jedwabne, Poland, started to write poetry in her early childhood, exactly at the age of seven. During her high school years she incessantly wrote poetry while continuing her studies. Her passions were literature and pedagogy, and soon after finishing her studies she started to teach Polish literature. Title: Sinkin' Soon Passage: "Sinkin' Soon" is a song written by Norah Jones and Lee Alexander, and is the second single from Jones's third solo album, "Not Too Late" (2007). It was released in the United States on March 26, 2007 (see 2007 in music). Title: Luigi Romanelli Passage: He wrote tens of librettos, most of them for operas to be performed at La Scala in Milan. In the same city he was professor of declamation at the conservatory. Title: You and I (Lady Gaga song) Passage: ``You and I '', written by Lady Gaga and produced by Gaga and Robert John`` Mutt'' Lange, was one of the first songs previewed from the album. Gaga said she wrote the song in New York, while she was busy playing her old piano. The singer first played ``You and I ''at Elton John's White Tie and Tiara Ball in June 2010. She said that the song was a bit of a`` rock - and - roll tune'' and, as such, was unlikely to be released as a single from Born This Way. She said that it ``is very dear ''to her heart. Footage of the performance appeared on the Internet soon after, and positive response encouraged Lady Gaga to perform the song during the first concert of the North American leg of The Monster Ball Tour in Montreal. Gaga told MSNBC's Meredith Vieira and Ann Curry that`` 'You and I' was written about the most important person that I ever met'', allegedly Lüc Carl, her ex-boyfriend. Title: Godsmack Passage: In 2002, Erna was asked to write and perform a song for the soundtrack to The Scorpion King. The motion picture was the third in the Mummy saga, and was a spin-off prequel of the Mummy series. The song Godsmack wrote and performed was titled "I Stand Alone" and the song became the number 1 single at Rock Radio and the most played Active Rock song in 2002 for 14 weeks straight. It was also used in the game Prince of Persia: Warrior Within. Title: Giulietta e Romeo (Vaccai) Passage: Giulietta e Romeo ("Juliet and Romeo") is an opera in two acts by the Italian composer Nicola Vaccai. The libretto, by Felice Romani, is based on the tragedy of the same name by Luigi Scevola and, ultimately, on the 1530 novella of the same name by Luigi da Porto. It was first performed at the Teatro alla Canobbiana, Milan on 31 October 1825. It was Vaccai's last major success, although he wrote another nine operas, and is rarely performed in its full version today. Title: Gone Girl (novel) Passage: When Nick and Amy both lose their jobs in New York, they relocate to Nick's hometown in Missouri to help take care of Nick's sick mother. This causes their marriage to take a turn -- Amy loved their life in New York and hates living in the midwest, and she soon begins to resent Nick for making her move to his hometown. Title: Rhinestone Cowboy Passage: Weiss wrote and recorded "Rhinestone Cowboy" in 1974, and it appeared on his 20th Century Records album "Black and Blue Suite". It did not, however, have much of a commercial impact as a single. In late 1974, Campbell heard the song on the radio and, during a tour of Australia, decided to learn it. Soon after his return to the United States, Campbell went to Al Coury's office at Capitol Records, where he was approached about "a great new song" – "Rhinestone Cowboy". Title: Peter Callander Passage: Peter Callander (10 October 1939 – 25 February 2014) was an English songwriter and record producer. Active from the 1960s onwards, Callander wrote or co-wrote songs that have been performed by recording artists such as Cilla Black, Tom Jones, Cliff Richard, Shirley Bassey, and The Tremeloes, amongst many others. On some songs he was credited as Robin Conrad. Callander was also a founder member of the Society of Distinguished Songwriters (SODS), a director of PRS for Music, and formed a publishing company, Callander Family Music Ltd. Title: I Love Rock 'n' Roll Passage: The song was originally recorded and released by the Arrows in 1975 on Rak Records, with lead vocals, guitar, music & lyrics written by Alan Merrill and produced by Mickie Most. In an interview with Songfacts, Merrill said he wrote it as ``a knee - jerk response to the Rolling Stones' 'It's Only Rock' n Roll (But I Like It) '. ''This version was first released as a B - side, but was soon re-recorded and flipped to A-side status on a subsequent pressing of the record. The Arrows performed the song in 1975 on the Muriel Young - produced show 45, after which Young offered the Arrows a weekly UK television series, Arrows, which was broadcast on ITV starting in March 1976. Title: As Simple as That Passage: "As Simple as That" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Mike Reid. It was released in July 1991 as the third single from his album "Turning for Home". The song reached number 14 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in October 1991. Reid wrote the song with Allen Shamblin. Title: The Blitz Passage: Although the intensity of the bombing was not as great as prewar expectations so an equal comparison is impossible, no psychiatric crisis occurred because of the Blitz even during the period of greatest bombing of September 1940. An American witness wrote "By every test and measure I am able to apply, these people are staunch to the bone and won't quit ... the British are stronger and in a better position than they were at its beginning". People referred to raids as if they were weather, stating that a day was "very blitzy".:75,261 However, another American who visited Britain, the publisher Ralph Ingersoll, wrote soon after the Blitz eased on 15 September that: Title: Killing Me Softly with His Song Passage: According to Lori Lieberman, who performed the original recording in 1971, the song was born of a poem she wrote after experiencing a strong reaction to the Don McLean song ``Empty Chairs '', writing some poetic ideas on a napkin at the Troubadour Club after seeing McLean perform the song, then related this information to Gimbel, who took her feelings and put them into words. Then Gimbel passed the words to Fox, who set them to music. Title: Maria Deraismes Passage: Born in Paris, Maria Deraismes grew up in Pontoise in the city's northwest outskirts. From a prosperous middle-class family, she was well educated and raised in a literary environment. She wrote several literary works and soon developed a reputation as a very capable communicator. She became active in promoting women's rights. Title: The Goodies Passage: The Goodies are a trio of British comedians: Tim Brooke-Taylor, Graeme Garden, and Bill Oddie. They wrote for and performed in their eponymous television comedy show during the 1970s and early 1980s, combining sketches and situation comedy. Title: Frédéric Chopin Passage: Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself said to a pupil that "concerts are never real music, you have to give up the idea of hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art." Contemporary accounts indicate that in performance, Chopin avoided rigid procedures sometimes incorrectly attributed to him, such as "always crescendo to a high note", but that he was concerned with expressive phrasing, rhythmic consistency and sensitive colouring. Berlioz wrote in 1853 that Chopin "has created a kind of chromatic embroidery ... whose effect is so strange and piquant as to be impossible to describe ... virtually nobody but Chopin himself can play this music and give it this unusual turn". Hiller wrote that "What in the hands of others was elegant embellishment, in his hands became a colourful wreath of flowers."	[ "Sinkin' Soon", "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)" ]
2hop__136067_160249	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the Siege of Genoa (6 April – 4 June 1800) the Austrians besieged and captured Genoa. However, this was a pyrrhic victory as the smaller French force at Genoa under André Masséna had diverted enough Austrian troops to enable Napoleon to win the Battle of Marengo and defeat the Austrians.", "title": "Siege of Genoa (1800)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "First Lieutenant Lloyd Andrews Hamilton (13 June 1894 – 24 August 1918) was a World War I flying ace credited with ten aerial victories. During five months of 1918 he became an ace with the Royal Air Force (RAF) and then again with the United States Air Service (USAS). Hamilton Air Force Base is named after him.", "title": "Lloyd Andrews Hamilton" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Höchst (20 June 1622) was fought between a combined Catholic League army led by Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly and Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba and a Protestant army commanded by Christian the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, close to the town of Höchst, today a suburb of the city of Frankfurt am Main. The result was a one-sided Catholic League victory. . The action occurred during the Thirty Years' War.", "title": "Battle of Höchst" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Bassano was fought on 8 September 1796, during the French Revolutionary Wars, in the territory of the Republic of Venice, between a French army under Napoleon Bonaparte and Austrian forces led by Count Dagobert von Wurmser. The engagement occurred during the second Austrian attempt to raise the Siege of Mantua. It was a French victory, however it was the last battle in Napoleon's perfect military career as two months later he would be defeated at the Second Battle of Bassano, ending his victorious streak. The Austrians abandoned their artillery and baggage, losing supplies, cannons, and battle standards to the French.", "title": "Battle of Bassano" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The naval Battle of the Slaak (12 and 13 September 1631) was a Dutch victory during the Eighty Years' War. The Dutch prevented the Spanish army from dividing the Dutch United Provinces in two.", "title": "Battle of the Slaak" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gino Bartali (; 18 July 1914 – 5 May 2000), nicknamed Gino the Pious and (in Italy) Ginettaccio, was a champion road cyclist. He was the most renowned Italian cyclist before the Second World War, having won the Giro d'Italia twice, in 1936 and 1937, and the Tour de France in 1938. After the war he added one more victory in each event: the Giro d'Italia in 1946 and the Tour de France in 1948. His second and last Tour de France victory in 1948 gave him the largest gap between victories in the race.", "title": "Gino Bartali" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Szikszó was fought in October 1588 between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Ottoman Empire as part of the Long War. The Hungarian forces were fewer in number, but were victorious over the Ottomans. This unexpected victory was even mentioned by Emperor Rudolf decades after the battle. It was one of the most glorious Hungarian victories in the post-Mohács period.", "title": "Battle of Szikszó" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Pyrrhic victory\" is named after King Pyrrhus of Epirus, whose army suffered irreplaceable casualties in defeating the Romans at the Battle of Heraclea in 280 BC and the Battle of Asculum in 279 BC, during the Pyrrhic War. After the latter battle, Plutarch relates in a report by Dionysius:", "title": "Pyrrhic victory" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Captain Mansell Richard James (18 June 1893 – c. 2 June 1919) was a Canadian-born World War I flying ace credited with 11 confirmed aerial victories. He disappeared after setting a postwar aviation record for prize money, and was the object of repeated searches throughout the years.", "title": "Mansell Richard James" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He wrote a history of the Diadochi and their descendants, encompassing the period from the death of Alexander to the war with Pyrrhus (323–272 BC), which is one of the chief authorities used by Diodorus Siculus (xviii.–xx.) and also by Plutarch in his life of Pyrrhus.", "title": "Hieronymus of Cardia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Vĩnh Yên (), also called Tran Hung Dao Campaign by Vietminh, which occurred from 13 to 17 January 1951, was a major engagement in the First Indochina War between the French Union and the Việt Minh. The French Union forces, led by World War II hero Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, inflicted a decisive defeat on the Việt Minh forces, which were commanded by Võ Nguyên Giáp. The victory marked a turn in the tide of the war, which was previously characterized by a number of Việt Minh victories.", "title": "Battle of Vĩnh Yên" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fresnel number (\"F\"), named after the physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel, is a dimensionless number occurring in optics, in particular in scalar diffraction theory.", "title": "Fresnel number" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tiberius Coruncanius (died 241 BC) was a consul of the Roman Republic in 280 BC. As a military commander in that year and the following, he was known for the battles against Pyrrhus of Epirus that led to the expression \"Pyrrhic victory\". He was the first plebeian Pontifex Maximus, and possibly the first teacher of Roman law to offer public instruction.", "title": "Tiberius Coruncanius" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Capitano Giulio Lega was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories. After finishing the war, he completed medical school, and began a near lifelong career caring for the Italian Chamber of Deputies.", "title": "Giulio Lega" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Lens (20 August 1648) was a French victory under Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé against the Spanish army under Archduke Leopold Wilhelm in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). It was the last major battle of the war and a French victory. The battle cemented the reputation of Condé as one of the greatest generals of his age.", "title": "Battle of Lens" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Mojkovac was a World War I battle fought between 6 January and 7 January 1916 near Mojkovac, Montenegro, between the armies of Austria-Hungary and Montenegro. It ended with a Montenegrin Pyrrhic victory.", "title": "Battle of Mojkovac" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of María (15 June 1809) saw a small Spanish army led by Joaquín Blake y Joyes face an Imperial French corps under Louis Gabriel Suchet. After an inconclusive contest earlier in the day, Suchet's cavalry made a decisive charge that resulted in a French victory. Though the Spanish right wing was crushed, the rest of Blake's army got away in fairly good order after abandoning most of its artillery. María de Huerva is located southwest of Zaragoza, Spain. The action occurred during the Peninsular War which was part of the larger struggle known as the Napoleonic Wars.", "title": "Battle of María" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Suwon Airfield was the first aerial battle of the Korean War occurring on June 27, 1950 over Kimpo Airfield and Suwon Airfield. The battle, between aircraft of the United States and North Korea, ended in a victory for the US Air Force after nine of its aircraft successfully shot down seven North Korean People's Air Force aircraft. It was the first direct engagement of the Air Battle of South Korea.", "title": "Battle of Suwon Airfield" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Callinicum took place on Easter Saturday, 19 April 531 AD, between the armies of the Byzantine Empire under Belisarius and a Sasanian cavalry force under Azarethes. After a defeat at the Battle of Dara, the Sasanians moved to invade Syria in an attempt to turn the tide of the war. Belisarius' rapid response foiled the plan, and his troops pushed the Persians to the edge of Syria through maneuvering before forcing a battle in which the Sasanians proved to be the pyrrhic victors.", "title": "Battle of Callinicum" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lieutenant (later Major) Earl Frederick Crabb (March 27, 1899 – October 18, 1986) was a World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victories. After World War I, he was an aviation pioneer and bush pilot. He returned to military aviation during World War II. He flew as a commercial pilot until he was 72 years old.", "title": "Earl Frederick Crabb" } ]	Between which years did war with the person for whom Pyrrhic victory is named occur?	323–272 BC	[]	Title: Battle of Callinicum Passage: The Battle of Callinicum took place on Easter Saturday, 19 April 531 AD, between the armies of the Byzantine Empire under Belisarius and a Sasanian cavalry force under Azarethes. After a defeat at the Battle of Dara, the Sasanians moved to invade Syria in an attempt to turn the tide of the war. Belisarius' rapid response foiled the plan, and his troops pushed the Persians to the edge of Syria through maneuvering before forcing a battle in which the Sasanians proved to be the pyrrhic victors. Title: Battle of Bassano Passage: The Battle of Bassano was fought on 8 September 1796, during the French Revolutionary Wars, in the territory of the Republic of Venice, between a French army under Napoleon Bonaparte and Austrian forces led by Count Dagobert von Wurmser. The engagement occurred during the second Austrian attempt to raise the Siege of Mantua. It was a French victory, however it was the last battle in Napoleon's perfect military career as two months later he would be defeated at the Second Battle of Bassano, ending his victorious streak. The Austrians abandoned their artillery and baggage, losing supplies, cannons, and battle standards to the French. Title: Fresnel number Passage: The Fresnel number ("F"), named after the physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel, is a dimensionless number occurring in optics, in particular in scalar diffraction theory. Title: Battle of Szikszó Passage: The Battle of Szikszó was fought in October 1588 between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Ottoman Empire as part of the Long War. The Hungarian forces were fewer in number, but were victorious over the Ottomans. This unexpected victory was even mentioned by Emperor Rudolf decades after the battle. It was one of the most glorious Hungarian victories in the post-Mohács period. Title: Battle of Vĩnh Yên Passage: The Battle of Vĩnh Yên (), also called Tran Hung Dao Campaign by Vietminh, which occurred from 13 to 17 January 1951, was a major engagement in the First Indochina War between the French Union and the Việt Minh. The French Union forces, led by World War II hero Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, inflicted a decisive defeat on the Việt Minh forces, which were commanded by Võ Nguyên Giáp. The victory marked a turn in the tide of the war, which was previously characterized by a number of Việt Minh victories. Title: Siege of Genoa (1800) Passage: During the Siege of Genoa (6 April – 4 June 1800) the Austrians besieged and captured Genoa. However, this was a pyrrhic victory as the smaller French force at Genoa under André Masséna had diverted enough Austrian troops to enable Napoleon to win the Battle of Marengo and defeat the Austrians. Title: Battle of the Slaak Passage: The naval Battle of the Slaak (12 and 13 September 1631) was a Dutch victory during the Eighty Years' War. The Dutch prevented the Spanish army from dividing the Dutch United Provinces in two. Title: Battle of Lens Passage: The Battle of Lens (20 August 1648) was a French victory under Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé against the Spanish army under Archduke Leopold Wilhelm in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). It was the last major battle of the war and a French victory. The battle cemented the reputation of Condé as one of the greatest generals of his age. Title: Battle of Höchst Passage: The Battle of Höchst (20 June 1622) was fought between a combined Catholic League army led by Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly and Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba and a Protestant army commanded by Christian the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, close to the town of Höchst, today a suburb of the city of Frankfurt am Main. The result was a one-sided Catholic League victory. . The action occurred during the Thirty Years' War. Title: Tiberius Coruncanius Passage: Tiberius Coruncanius (died 241 BC) was a consul of the Roman Republic in 280 BC. As a military commander in that year and the following, he was known for the battles against Pyrrhus of Epirus that led to the expression "Pyrrhic victory". He was the first plebeian Pontifex Maximus, and possibly the first teacher of Roman law to offer public instruction. Title: Lloyd Andrews Hamilton Passage: First Lieutenant Lloyd Andrews Hamilton (13 June 1894 – 24 August 1918) was a World War I flying ace credited with ten aerial victories. During five months of 1918 he became an ace with the Royal Air Force (RAF) and then again with the United States Air Service (USAS). Hamilton Air Force Base is named after him. Title: Battle of Mojkovac Passage: The Battle of Mojkovac was a World War I battle fought between 6 January and 7 January 1916 near Mojkovac, Montenegro, between the armies of Austria-Hungary and Montenegro. It ended with a Montenegrin Pyrrhic victory. Title: Giulio Lega Passage: Capitano Giulio Lega was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories. After finishing the war, he completed medical school, and began a near lifelong career caring for the Italian Chamber of Deputies. Title: Battle of Suwon Airfield Passage: The Battle of Suwon Airfield was the first aerial battle of the Korean War occurring on June 27, 1950 over Kimpo Airfield and Suwon Airfield. The battle, between aircraft of the United States and North Korea, ended in a victory for the US Air Force after nine of its aircraft successfully shot down seven North Korean People's Air Force aircraft. It was the first direct engagement of the Air Battle of South Korea. Title: Gino Bartali Passage: Gino Bartali (; 18 July 1914 – 5 May 2000), nicknamed Gino the Pious and (in Italy) Ginettaccio, was a champion road cyclist. He was the most renowned Italian cyclist before the Second World War, having won the Giro d'Italia twice, in 1936 and 1937, and the Tour de France in 1938. After the war he added one more victory in each event: the Giro d'Italia in 1946 and the Tour de France in 1948. His second and last Tour de France victory in 1948 gave him the largest gap between victories in the race. Title: Battle of María Passage: The Battle of María (15 June 1809) saw a small Spanish army led by Joaquín Blake y Joyes face an Imperial French corps under Louis Gabriel Suchet. After an inconclusive contest earlier in the day, Suchet's cavalry made a decisive charge that resulted in a French victory. Though the Spanish right wing was crushed, the rest of Blake's army got away in fairly good order after abandoning most of its artillery. María de Huerva is located southwest of Zaragoza, Spain. The action occurred during the Peninsular War which was part of the larger struggle known as the Napoleonic Wars. Title: Pyrrhic victory Passage: "Pyrrhic victory" is named after King Pyrrhus of Epirus, whose army suffered irreplaceable casualties in defeating the Romans at the Battle of Heraclea in 280 BC and the Battle of Asculum in 279 BC, during the Pyrrhic War. After the latter battle, Plutarch relates in a report by Dionysius: Title: Hieronymus of Cardia Passage: He wrote a history of the Diadochi and their descendants, encompassing the period from the death of Alexander to the war with Pyrrhus (323–272 BC), which is one of the chief authorities used by Diodorus Siculus (xviii.–xx.) and also by Plutarch in his life of Pyrrhus. Title: Earl Frederick Crabb Passage: Lieutenant (later Major) Earl Frederick Crabb (March 27, 1899 – October 18, 1986) was a World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victories. After World War I, he was an aviation pioneer and bush pilot. He returned to military aviation during World War II. He flew as a commercial pilot until he was 72 years old. Title: Mansell Richard James Passage: Captain Mansell Richard James (18 June 1893 – c. 2 June 1919) was a Canadian-born World War I flying ace credited with 11 confirmed aerial victories. He disappeared after setting a postwar aviation record for prize money, and was the object of repeated searches throughout the years.	[ "Pyrrhic victory", "Hieronymus of Cardia" ]
2hop__95970_152907	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Le Corsaire is a ballet typically presented in three acts, with a libretto originally created by Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges loosely based on the poem \"The Corsair\" by Lord Byron. Originally choreographed by Joseph Mazilier to the music of Adolphe Adam, it was first presented by the ballet of the Théâtre Impérial de l’Opéra in Paris on 23 January 1856. All modern productions of \"Le Corsaire\" are derived from the revivals staged by the Ballet Master Marius Petipa for the Imperial Ballet of St. Petersburg throughout the mid to late 19th century.", "title": "Le Corsaire" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gai pied or Gai pied hebdo was a monthly French gay magazine, founded by Jean Le Bitoux. Its name, which literally means \"Gay foot\", is a homophone of \"guêpier\", which means a hornet's nest or, figuratively, a trap or pitfall — a reference to the magazine's determination to torment the status-quo.", "title": "Gai pied" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vaux-sous-Aubigny is a former commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Le Montsaugeonnais. It is the natal village of beekeeper Charles Dadant.", "title": "Vaux-sous-Aubigny" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sandra Julien (born Sandra Calaputti 14 February 1950 in Toulon, France) is a French actress. Her acting career only lasted a few years, but one of the films she is remembered for is \"Le Frisson des Vampires\" (\"The Shiver of the Vampires\"), a film by director Jean Rollin.", "title": "Sandra Julien" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Women's Games (French: Jeux de femmes) is a 1946 French comedy film directed by Maurice Cloche and starring Jacques Dumesnil, Hélène Perdrière and Saturnin Fabre.", "title": "Women's Games" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Les Sous-doués en vacances is a 1982 French comedic film, directed by Claude Zidi. It is the sequel to \"Les sous-doués\" (1980).", "title": "Les Sous-doués en vacances" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Claudia Cardinale was born Claude Joséphine Rose Cardinale in La Goulette, a neighborhood of Tunis, French protectorate of Tunisia, on 15 April 1938. Her mother, Yolande Greco, was born in Tunisia to Sicilian emigrants from Trapani. Her maternal grandparents had a small shipbuilding firm in Trapani, but later settled in La Goulette, where a large Italian community existed. Her father, Francesco Cardinale, was a railway worker, born in Gela, Sicily. Her native languages were French, Tunisian Arabic, and the Sicilian language of her parents. She did not learn to speak Italian until she had already begun to be cast for Italian films.", "title": "Claudia Cardinale" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Family Pack or Que faisaient les femmes pendant que l'homme marchait sur la lune? is a 2001 French-Belgium drama film, directed by Chris Vander Stappen.", "title": "Family Pack" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Pauvres Diables\" is a song by Julio Iglesias recorded in 1979. The song is also commonly known as \"Vous les femmes\" based on the opening lyrics. The song was also recorded in Spanish language by Iglesias as \"Pobre diablo\".", "title": "Pauvres Diables" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gaspard Manesse (born March 25, 1975) is a French actor, composer and musician. He is best known for his starring role as Julien Quentin in the film \"Au revoir, les enfants\" (1987). He acted in and composed the music for the film \"Comme il vient\". Gaspard is a composer and musician - he tours throughout the heart of France playing the trumpet with a group called \"Surnatural Orchestra\" from the Ile-de-France.", "title": "Gaspard Manesse" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Les Bonnes Femmes is a French comedic drama directed by Claude Chabrol. Its mix of melodrama, absurd comedy and tragedy is typical for the early, experimental New wave films. It was one of the earliest and most revered films of the French New Wave, although it was a financial flop on its initial release. There is a considerable number of scenes set on the streets, and the viewer gets an expansive look at how Paris looked at the time, in night and day.", "title": "Les Bonnes Femmes" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From 1699 to 1702, Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville was governor of Louisiana. His brother succeeded him in that post from 1702 to 1713. He was again governor from 1716 to 1724 and again 1733 to 1743. In 1718, Jean - Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville commanded a French expedition in Louisiana. He founded the city of New Orleans, in homage to Regent Duke of Orleans. The architect Adrian de Pauger drew the orthogonal plane of the Old Square.", "title": "French colonization of the Americas" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sous les pieds des femmes (also known as \"Under Women's Feet\") is a 1997 French drama film written and directed by Rachida Krim and starring Claudia Cardinale.", "title": "Sous les pieds des femmes" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Les Accords de Bella is a 2007 anthropological documentary film directed by David Constantin. It was selected by the African Film Festival of Cordoba - FCAT.", "title": "Les Accords de Bella" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Certain Mister (), is a French crime film from 1950, directed by Yves Ciampi, written by Yannick Boysivon, and starring Louis de Funès. The script is based on Jean Le Hallier's novel \"Prix du Quai des Orfèvres\" (1947).", "title": "A Certain Mister" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cubism and modern European art was introduced into the United States at the now legendary 1913 Armory Show in New York City, which then traveled to Chicago and Boston. In the Armory show Pablo Picasso exhibited La Femme au pot de moutarde (1910), the sculpture Head of a Woman (Fernande) (1909–10), Les Arbres (1907) amongst other cubist works. Jacques Villon exhibited seven important and large drypoints, his brother Marcel Duchamp shocked the American public with his painting Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (1912). Francis Picabia exhibited his abstractions La Danse à la source and La Procession, Seville (both of 1912). Albert Gleizes exhibited La Femme aux phlox (1910) and L'Homme au balcon (1912), two highly stylized and faceted cubist works. Georges Braque, Fernand Léger, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Roger de La Fresnaye and Alexander Archipenko also contributed examples of their cubist works.", "title": "Cubism" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It was against this background of public anger that Jean Metzinger and Albert Gleizes wrote Du \"Cubisme\" (published by Eugène Figuière in 1912, translated to English and Russian in 1913). Among the works exhibited were Le Fauconnier's vast composition Les Montagnards attaqués par des ours (Mountaineers Attacked by Bears) now at Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Joseph Csaky's Deux Femme, Two Women (a sculpture now lost), in addition to the highly abstract paintings by Kupka, Amorpha (The National Gallery, Prague), and Picabia, La Source, The Spring (Museum of Modern Art, New York).", "title": "Cubism" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isabelle Carré (born 28 May 1971) is a French actress. She has appeared in more than 70 films since 1989. She won a César Award for Best Actress for her role in \"Se souvenir des belles choses\" (2001), and has been nominated a further six times for \"Beau fixe\" (1992), \"Le Hussard sur le toit\" (1995), \"La Femme défendue\" (1997), \"Les Sentiments\" (2003), \"Entre ses mains\" (2005) and \"Anna M.\" (2007).", "title": "Isabelle Carré" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was elected as a Le Robert city councilor in 1983. He was later appointed Deputy Mayor of Le Robert from 1995 to 1997 under then Mayor Edouard de Lépine.", "title": "Emile Capgras" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eriq Ebouaney (born 3 October 1967) is a French actor. He is best known for his portrayal as the Congolese Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba in the 2000 film \"Lumumba\", as \"Blacktie\" in Brian De Palma's \"Femme Fatale\" and as \"Ice\" in the 2008 action film \"Transporter 3\" in which he starred opposite Jason Statham.", "title": "Eriq Ebouaney" } ]	What city is the star of Sous les pieds des femmes from?	La Goulette	[ "Tunis" ]	Title: Sous les pieds des femmes Passage: Sous les pieds des femmes (also known as "Under Women's Feet") is a 1997 French drama film written and directed by Rachida Krim and starring Claudia Cardinale. Title: A Certain Mister Passage: A Certain Mister (), is a French crime film from 1950, directed by Yves Ciampi, written by Yannick Boysivon, and starring Louis de Funès. The script is based on Jean Le Hallier's novel "Prix du Quai des Orfèvres" (1947). Title: Cubism Passage: It was against this background of public anger that Jean Metzinger and Albert Gleizes wrote Du "Cubisme" (published by Eugène Figuière in 1912, translated to English and Russian in 1913). Among the works exhibited were Le Fauconnier's vast composition Les Montagnards attaqués par des ours (Mountaineers Attacked by Bears) now at Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Joseph Csaky's Deux Femme, Two Women (a sculpture now lost), in addition to the highly abstract paintings by Kupka, Amorpha (The National Gallery, Prague), and Picabia, La Source, The Spring (Museum of Modern Art, New York). Title: Gaspard Manesse Passage: Gaspard Manesse (born March 25, 1975) is a French actor, composer and musician. He is best known for his starring role as Julien Quentin in the film "Au revoir, les enfants" (1987). He acted in and composed the music for the film "Comme il vient". Gaspard is a composer and musician - he tours throughout the heart of France playing the trumpet with a group called "Surnatural Orchestra" from the Ile-de-France. Title: Emile Capgras Passage: He was elected as a Le Robert city councilor in 1983. He was later appointed Deputy Mayor of Le Robert from 1995 to 1997 under then Mayor Edouard de Lépine. Title: Sandra Julien Passage: Sandra Julien (born Sandra Calaputti 14 February 1950 in Toulon, France) is a French actress. Her acting career only lasted a few years, but one of the films she is remembered for is "Le Frisson des Vampires" ("The Shiver of the Vampires"), a film by director Jean Rollin. Title: Isabelle Carré Passage: Isabelle Carré (born 28 May 1971) is a French actress. She has appeared in more than 70 films since 1989. She won a César Award for Best Actress for her role in "Se souvenir des belles choses" (2001), and has been nominated a further six times for "Beau fixe" (1992), "Le Hussard sur le toit" (1995), "La Femme défendue" (1997), "Les Sentiments" (2003), "Entre ses mains" (2005) and "Anna M." (2007). Title: Claudia Cardinale Passage: Claudia Cardinale was born Claude Joséphine Rose Cardinale in La Goulette, a neighborhood of Tunis, French protectorate of Tunisia, on 15 April 1938. Her mother, Yolande Greco, was born in Tunisia to Sicilian emigrants from Trapani. Her maternal grandparents had a small shipbuilding firm in Trapani, but later settled in La Goulette, where a large Italian community existed. Her father, Francesco Cardinale, was a railway worker, born in Gela, Sicily. Her native languages were French, Tunisian Arabic, and the Sicilian language of her parents. She did not learn to speak Italian until she had already begun to be cast for Italian films. Title: Les Bonnes Femmes Passage: Les Bonnes Femmes is a French comedic drama directed by Claude Chabrol. Its mix of melodrama, absurd comedy and tragedy is typical for the early, experimental New wave films. It was one of the earliest and most revered films of the French New Wave, although it was a financial flop on its initial release. There is a considerable number of scenes set on the streets, and the viewer gets an expansive look at how Paris looked at the time, in night and day. Title: Vaux-sous-Aubigny Passage: Vaux-sous-Aubigny is a former commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Le Montsaugeonnais. It is the natal village of beekeeper Charles Dadant. Title: Gai pied Passage: Gai pied or Gai pied hebdo was a monthly French gay magazine, founded by Jean Le Bitoux. Its name, which literally means "Gay foot", is a homophone of "guêpier", which means a hornet's nest or, figuratively, a trap or pitfall — a reference to the magazine's determination to torment the status-quo. Title: Les Sous-doués en vacances Passage: Les Sous-doués en vacances is a 1982 French comedic film, directed by Claude Zidi. It is the sequel to "Les sous-doués" (1980). Title: Le Corsaire Passage: Le Corsaire is a ballet typically presented in three acts, with a libretto originally created by Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges loosely based on the poem "The Corsair" by Lord Byron. Originally choreographed by Joseph Mazilier to the music of Adolphe Adam, it was first presented by the ballet of the Théâtre Impérial de l’Opéra in Paris on 23 January 1856. All modern productions of "Le Corsaire" are derived from the revivals staged by the Ballet Master Marius Petipa for the Imperial Ballet of St. Petersburg throughout the mid to late 19th century. Title: Les Accords de Bella Passage: Les Accords de Bella is a 2007 anthropological documentary film directed by David Constantin. It was selected by the African Film Festival of Cordoba - FCAT. Title: Women's Games Passage: Women's Games (French: Jeux de femmes) is a 1946 French comedy film directed by Maurice Cloche and starring Jacques Dumesnil, Hélène Perdrière and Saturnin Fabre. Title: Cubism Passage: Cubism and modern European art was introduced into the United States at the now legendary 1913 Armory Show in New York City, which then traveled to Chicago and Boston. In the Armory show Pablo Picasso exhibited La Femme au pot de moutarde (1910), the sculpture Head of a Woman (Fernande) (1909–10), Les Arbres (1907) amongst other cubist works. Jacques Villon exhibited seven important and large drypoints, his brother Marcel Duchamp shocked the American public with his painting Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (1912). Francis Picabia exhibited his abstractions La Danse à la source and La Procession, Seville (both of 1912). Albert Gleizes exhibited La Femme aux phlox (1910) and L'Homme au balcon (1912), two highly stylized and faceted cubist works. Georges Braque, Fernand Léger, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Roger de La Fresnaye and Alexander Archipenko also contributed examples of their cubist works. Title: Pauvres Diables Passage: "Pauvres Diables" is a song by Julio Iglesias recorded in 1979. The song is also commonly known as "Vous les femmes" based on the opening lyrics. The song was also recorded in Spanish language by Iglesias as "Pobre diablo". Title: Family Pack Passage: Family Pack or Que faisaient les femmes pendant que l'homme marchait sur la lune? is a 2001 French-Belgium drama film, directed by Chris Vander Stappen. Title: Eriq Ebouaney Passage: Eriq Ebouaney (born 3 October 1967) is a French actor. He is best known for his portrayal as the Congolese Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba in the 2000 film "Lumumba", as "Blacktie" in Brian De Palma's "Femme Fatale" and as "Ice" in the 2008 action film "Transporter 3" in which he starred opposite Jason Statham. Title: French colonization of the Americas Passage: From 1699 to 1702, Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville was governor of Louisiana. His brother succeeded him in that post from 1702 to 1713. He was again governor from 1716 to 1724 and again 1733 to 1743. In 1718, Jean - Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville commanded a French expedition in Louisiana. He founded the city of New Orleans, in homage to Regent Duke of Orleans. The architect Adrian de Pauger drew the orthogonal plane of the Old Square.	[ "Claudia Cardinale", "Sous les pieds des femmes" ]
2hop__85325_88165	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khair Bakhsh Marri had received his early education in Kohlu and higher education from Aitchison College, Lahore. Khair Bakhsh Marri had six sons — Balach Marri, Changez Marri, Hyrbyair Marri, Ghazan Marri, Hamza Marri and Mehran Marri.", "title": "Khair Bakhsh Marri" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sarah Stewart (born 1939) is an American author of children's books. She is married to David Small and lives in a manor house in Mendon, Michigan.", "title": "Sarah Stewart (author)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sarah Harriet Burney (29 August 1772 – 8 February 1844) was an English novelist, the daughter of musicologist and composer Charles Burney, and half-sister of the novelist and diarist Frances Burney (Madame d'Arblay). She had some intermittent success with her novels.", "title": "Sarah Burney" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silvestre De León was born in 1802 in Texas, the third child of empresario Martín De León and his wife Patricia de la Garza De León. Older brother Fernando De León had been born in Mexico in 1798. Sister Candelaria, who married José Miguel Aldrete, was born in Texas in 1800. They would eventually be joined by two more brothers: Felix (1806) and Agapito (1808). Five more sisters would also be born into the family: Guadalupe (1804) who married Desedrio Garcia; Maria (1810) who married Rafael Manchola; Refugia (1812) who married José María Jesús Carbajal; Augustina (1814) who married Plácido Benavides; and Francisca (1818) who married Vincente Dosal.", "title": "Silvestre De León" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together and earning her the sobriquet \"the grandmother of Europe\". After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign her popularity recovered. Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration.", "title": "Queen Victoria" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Keturah (Hebrew: קְטוּרָה ‎, Modern Ktura, Tiberian Qəṭûrā; possibly meaning ``incense '') was a concubine and wife of the Biblical patriarch Abraham. According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham married Keturah after the death of his first wife, Sarah. Abraham and Keturah had six sons.", "title": "Keturah" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ellen Vesta Emery Hamlin (September 14, 1835 – February 1, 1925) was the second wife of Vice President Hannibal Hamlin who served in the first term of the administration of President Abraham Lincoln. They were married a year after the death of his first wife Sarah Jane Emery in 1855 who was also her half-sister. She had two children with Hannibal Hamlin: Hannibal Emery, who later became the attorney general of Maine, and Frank. Hamlin also had four children from his first marriage: George Hamlin, Charles Hamlin, Cyrus Hamlin, and Sarah Hamlin Batchelder.", "title": "Ellen Hamlin" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hamma Hammami was born on 8 January 1952 in El Aroussa, Tunisia. He is married to the human rights lawyer Radhia Nasraoui. Together they have three daughters, Nadia, Oussaïma and Sarah.", "title": "Hamma Hammami" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alcidice (Ancient Greek: Ἀλκιδίκη) was in Greek mythology the daughter of Aleus, king of Arcadia. She married Salmoneus, king of Elis and bore a daughter, Tyro. After her death Salmoneus married Sidero.", "title": "Alcidice" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alexander the Last is a 2009 American drama film directed by Joe Swanberg. The film is a drama about a married actress and her sister.", "title": "Alexander the Last" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the reign of Khufu, Hetepheres II married her brother, the Crown Prince Kawab, with whom she had at least one child, a daughter named Meresankh III. After the death of her first husband, she married another of her brothers, Djedefra who later succeeded Khufu as king of Egypt.", "title": "Hetepheres II" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Artystone (Greek Ἀρτυστώνη \"Artystone\"; Elamite \"Ir-taš-du-na\", \"Ir-da-iš-du-na\"; from Old Persian *\"Artastūnā\", \"pillar of Arta, the deified true\") was a Persian princess, daughter of king Cyrus the Great, and sister or half-sister of Cambyses II, Atossa and Smerdis (Bardiyā). Along with Atossa and her niece Parmys, Artystone married king Darius I. It is argued that by marrying the female offspring of Cyrus, the founder of the empire, the new king aimed to prevent his rule from being contested.", "title": "Artystone" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In ancient times, tribal nations preferred endogamous marriage -- marriage to one's relatives; the ideal marriage was usually that to a cousin, and it was often forbidden for an eldest daughter to even marry outside the family. Marriage to a half - sister, for example, is considered incest by most nations today, but was common behaviour for Egyptian pharaohs; similarly, the Book of Genesis portrays Sarah as marrying Abraham, her half - brother, without criticising the close genetic relationship between them, and the Book of Samuel treats the marriage of a royal prince to his half - sister as unusual, rather than wicked.", "title": "Incest in the Bible" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kourtney Mary Kardashian was born in Los Angeles, California on April 18, 1979 to Robert and Kris. She has two younger sisters, Kim and Khloé, and a younger brother, Robert (Rob). In 1991, her parents got divorced and her mother married Bruce Jenner, a 1976 Summer Olympics decathlon winner (Jenner later changed her name to Caitlyn) in 1991. Through their marriage, Kardashian gained stepbrothers Burton ``Burt '', Brandon, and Brody; stepsister Casey; and half - sisters Kendall and Kylie.", "title": "Kourtney Kardashian" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sarah or Sara is a matriarch in the Hebrew Bible, who is the wife of Abraham and the mother of Isaac. She is described once as Abraham's sister, and another time as his half -- sister, each in a context where Abraham is dealing with a ruler whom Abraham fears will take her.", "title": "Sarah" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lilian Turner (21 August 1867 – 25 August 1956), born Lilian Wattnall Burwell, was the elder sister of Ethel Turner and the daughter of Bennett George and Sarah Jane Burwell. Bennett George Burwell died when Lilian was still a young child, and her mother married a widower, Henry Turner, a year later. Both Lilian and Ethel would later take their step-father's name for their professional writing careers. Sarah and Henry had a daughter, Jeannie Rose (born 1873), but Henry died suddenly in 1878. The following year, Sarah took her three daughters to Australia, where she met and married Charles Cope in Sydney.", "title": "Lilian Turner" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ahmose-Henuttamehu was a daughter of Pharaoh Seqenenre Tao by his sister-wife Ahmose Inhapy. She was probably married to her half-brother Pharaoh Ahmose I, since her titles include King’s Wife (\"hmt-nisw\"), Great King’s Wife (\"hmt-niswt-wrt\"), King’s Daughter (\"s3t-niswt\") and King’s Sister (\"snt-niswt\"). Ahmose-Henuttamehu was a half-sister to the Great Royal Wife and God's Wife of Amun Ahmose-Nefertari.", "title": "Ahmose-Henuttamehu" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fleur Adcock; the oldest of two sisters; was born in Papakura by Cyril John Adcock and Irene Robinson Adcock. She spent eight (8) years in England. Marilyn Duckworth; her sibling is the novelist. Fleur Adcock studied Classics at Victoria University of Wellington, graduating with an MA. She worked as an assistant lecturer and later an assistant librarian at the University of Otago in Dunedin until 1962. She was married to two famous New Zealand literary personalities. In August 1952, she married Alistair Campbell (divorced 1958). Then in February 1962 she married Barry Crump, divorcing in 1963.", "title": "Fleur Adcock" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Paxton (May 21, 1911, Kansas City, Missouri - January 5, 1985, Santa Monica, California) was an American screenwriter. He was married to Sarah Jane, who worked in public relations for 20th Century Fox.", "title": "John Paxton" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rebecca appears in the Hebrew Bible as the wife of Isaac and the mother of Jacob and Esau. According to biblical tradition, Rebecca was the daughter of Bethuel the Aramean from Paddan Aram, also called Aram - Naharaim, and sister of Laban the Aramean. She was the grand daughter of Milcah (Sarah's sister according to Talmudic teachings) and Nahor (brother of Abraham). Rebecca and Isaac were one of the four couples that some believe are buried in the Cave of the Patriarchs, the other three being Adam and Eve, Abraham and Sarah, and Jacob and Leah.", "title": "Rebecca" } ]	Who did the person who married their half sister in the bible marry after the death of sarah?	Keturah	[]	Title: Kourtney Kardashian Passage: Kourtney Mary Kardashian was born in Los Angeles, California on April 18, 1979 to Robert and Kris. She has two younger sisters, Kim and Khloé, and a younger brother, Robert (Rob). In 1991, her parents got divorced and her mother married Bruce Jenner, a 1976 Summer Olympics decathlon winner (Jenner later changed her name to Caitlyn) in 1991. Through their marriage, Kardashian gained stepbrothers Burton ``Burt '', Brandon, and Brody; stepsister Casey; and half - sisters Kendall and Kylie. Title: Ellen Hamlin Passage: Ellen Vesta Emery Hamlin (September 14, 1835 – February 1, 1925) was the second wife of Vice President Hannibal Hamlin who served in the first term of the administration of President Abraham Lincoln. They were married a year after the death of his first wife Sarah Jane Emery in 1855 who was also her half-sister. She had two children with Hannibal Hamlin: Hannibal Emery, who later became the attorney general of Maine, and Frank. Hamlin also had four children from his first marriage: George Hamlin, Charles Hamlin, Cyrus Hamlin, and Sarah Hamlin Batchelder. Title: Keturah Passage: Keturah (Hebrew: קְטוּרָה ‎, Modern Ktura, Tiberian Qəṭûrā; possibly meaning ``incense '') was a concubine and wife of the Biblical patriarch Abraham. According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham married Keturah after the death of his first wife, Sarah. Abraham and Keturah had six sons. Title: Silvestre De León Passage: Silvestre De León was born in 1802 in Texas, the third child of empresario Martín De León and his wife Patricia de la Garza De León. Older brother Fernando De León had been born in Mexico in 1798. Sister Candelaria, who married José Miguel Aldrete, was born in Texas in 1800. They would eventually be joined by two more brothers: Felix (1806) and Agapito (1808). Five more sisters would also be born into the family: Guadalupe (1804) who married Desedrio Garcia; Maria (1810) who married Rafael Manchola; Refugia (1812) who married José María Jesús Carbajal; Augustina (1814) who married Plácido Benavides; and Francisca (1818) who married Vincente Dosal. Title: Lilian Turner Passage: Lilian Turner (21 August 1867 – 25 August 1956), born Lilian Wattnall Burwell, was the elder sister of Ethel Turner and the daughter of Bennett George and Sarah Jane Burwell. Bennett George Burwell died when Lilian was still a young child, and her mother married a widower, Henry Turner, a year later. Both Lilian and Ethel would later take their step-father's name for their professional writing careers. Sarah and Henry had a daughter, Jeannie Rose (born 1873), but Henry died suddenly in 1878. The following year, Sarah took her three daughters to Australia, where she met and married Charles Cope in Sydney. Title: Alcidice Passage: Alcidice (Ancient Greek: Ἀλκιδίκη) was in Greek mythology the daughter of Aleus, king of Arcadia. She married Salmoneus, king of Elis and bore a daughter, Tyro. After her death Salmoneus married Sidero. Title: Hetepheres II Passage: During the reign of Khufu, Hetepheres II married her brother, the Crown Prince Kawab, with whom she had at least one child, a daughter named Meresankh III. After the death of her first husband, she married another of her brothers, Djedefra who later succeeded Khufu as king of Egypt. Title: Artystone Passage: Artystone (Greek Ἀρτυστώνη "Artystone"; Elamite "Ir-taš-du-na", "Ir-da-iš-du-na"; from Old Persian *"Artastūnā", "pillar of Arta, the deified true") was a Persian princess, daughter of king Cyrus the Great, and sister or half-sister of Cambyses II, Atossa and Smerdis (Bardiyā). Along with Atossa and her niece Parmys, Artystone married king Darius I. It is argued that by marrying the female offspring of Cyrus, the founder of the empire, the new king aimed to prevent his rule from being contested. Title: Ahmose-Henuttamehu Passage: Ahmose-Henuttamehu was a daughter of Pharaoh Seqenenre Tao by his sister-wife Ahmose Inhapy. She was probably married to her half-brother Pharaoh Ahmose I, since her titles include King’s Wife ("hmt-nisw"), Great King’s Wife ("hmt-niswt-wrt"), King’s Daughter ("s3t-niswt") and King’s Sister ("snt-niswt"). Ahmose-Henuttamehu was a half-sister to the Great Royal Wife and God's Wife of Amun Ahmose-Nefertari. Title: Queen Victoria Passage: Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together and earning her the sobriquet "the grandmother of Europe". After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign her popularity recovered. Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration. Title: Sarah Passage: Sarah or Sara is a matriarch in the Hebrew Bible, who is the wife of Abraham and the mother of Isaac. She is described once as Abraham's sister, and another time as his half -- sister, each in a context where Abraham is dealing with a ruler whom Abraham fears will take her. Title: Sarah Burney Passage: Sarah Harriet Burney (29 August 1772 – 8 February 1844) was an English novelist, the daughter of musicologist and composer Charles Burney, and half-sister of the novelist and diarist Frances Burney (Madame d'Arblay). She had some intermittent success with her novels. Title: Sarah Stewart (author) Passage: Sarah Stewart (born 1939) is an American author of children's books. She is married to David Small and lives in a manor house in Mendon, Michigan. Title: Rebecca Passage: Rebecca appears in the Hebrew Bible as the wife of Isaac and the mother of Jacob and Esau. According to biblical tradition, Rebecca was the daughter of Bethuel the Aramean from Paddan Aram, also called Aram - Naharaim, and sister of Laban the Aramean. She was the grand daughter of Milcah (Sarah's sister according to Talmudic teachings) and Nahor (brother of Abraham). Rebecca and Isaac were one of the four couples that some believe are buried in the Cave of the Patriarchs, the other three being Adam and Eve, Abraham and Sarah, and Jacob and Leah. Title: Khair Bakhsh Marri Passage: Khair Bakhsh Marri had received his early education in Kohlu and higher education from Aitchison College, Lahore. Khair Bakhsh Marri had six sons — Balach Marri, Changez Marri, Hyrbyair Marri, Ghazan Marri, Hamza Marri and Mehran Marri. Title: Hamma Hammami Passage: Hamma Hammami was born on 8 January 1952 in El Aroussa, Tunisia. He is married to the human rights lawyer Radhia Nasraoui. Together they have three daughters, Nadia, Oussaïma and Sarah. Title: John Paxton Passage: John Paxton (May 21, 1911, Kansas City, Missouri - January 5, 1985, Santa Monica, California) was an American screenwriter. He was married to Sarah Jane, who worked in public relations for 20th Century Fox. Title: Alexander the Last Passage: Alexander the Last is a 2009 American drama film directed by Joe Swanberg. The film is a drama about a married actress and her sister. Title: Fleur Adcock Passage: Fleur Adcock; the oldest of two sisters; was born in Papakura by Cyril John Adcock and Irene Robinson Adcock. She spent eight (8) years in England. Marilyn Duckworth; her sibling is the novelist. Fleur Adcock studied Classics at Victoria University of Wellington, graduating with an MA. She worked as an assistant lecturer and later an assistant librarian at the University of Otago in Dunedin until 1962. She was married to two famous New Zealand literary personalities. In August 1952, she married Alistair Campbell (divorced 1958). Then in February 1962 she married Barry Crump, divorcing in 1963. Title: Incest in the Bible Passage: In ancient times, tribal nations preferred endogamous marriage -- marriage to one's relatives; the ideal marriage was usually that to a cousin, and it was often forbidden for an eldest daughter to even marry outside the family. Marriage to a half - sister, for example, is considered incest by most nations today, but was common behaviour for Egyptian pharaohs; similarly, the Book of Genesis portrays Sarah as marrying Abraham, her half - brother, without criticising the close genetic relationship between them, and the Book of Samuel treats the marriage of a royal prince to his half - sister as unusual, rather than wicked.	[ "Keturah", "Incest in the Bible" ]
2hop__144317_120065	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The son of prominent German diplomat Otto Meissner, Hans-Otto Meissner studied law at Heidelberg and Trinity College, Cambridge, after which he embarked on a diplomatic career. His postings took him to London, Tokyo, Moscow, and Milan, among other cities. After ending his diplomatic career, Meissner published a series of books, which proved financially successful.", "title": "Hans-Otto Meissner" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2002, the company closed its Valencia Street plant in San Francisco, which had opened the same year of the city's April 1906 earthquake. By the end of 2003, the closure of Levi's last U.S. factory in San Antonio ended 150 years of jeans made in the USA. Production of a few higher - end, more expensive styles of jeans resumed in the US several years later.", "title": "Levi Strauss & Co." }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wenn Der Südwind Weht is the seventh solo album by German keyboardist Hans-Joachim Roedelius, best known for his work with Cluster, Harmonia, and Aquarello. All the pieces on the album were composed by Roedelius. It was released by Sky Records in 1981 and has been reissued on CD by Sky Records in Germany by the Gyroscope label in the United States in 1996. The Bureau-B label reissued \"Wenn Der Südwind Weht\" in the European Union on both CD and 180 gram vinyl LP in 2010.", "title": "Wenn Der Südwind Weht" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sergeant Schwenke (German: Oberwachtmeister Schwenke) is a 1935 German drama film directed by Carl Froelich and starring Gustav Fröhlich, Marianne Hoppe and Karl Dannemann. It is based on a novel of the same title by Hans Joachim Freiherr von Reizenstein. It was remade in 1955 as \"Sergeant Borck\"..", "title": "Sergeant Schwenke" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joachim Streich (born 13 April 1951 in Wismar) is a former German footballer, who won the bronze medal with East Germany at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.", "title": "Joachim Streich" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Einstein was born in Chicago; after her birth she was adopted by Hans Albert Einstein. Towards the end of her life, she recounted that as a child she was told she was an illegitimate daughter of Albert Einstein and a ballet dancer; however, she had no documentation supporting this claim. She obtained a Master's degree in Medieval literature at University of California, Berkeley. She was married to Grover Krantz for 13 years from 1964 to about 1977. She then worked briefly as an animal control officer, as a cult deprogrammer, and as a Berkeley, California, reserve police officer.", "title": "Evelyn Einstein" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Archaeological discovery shows that \"Nanjing Man\" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang.", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1997, Nanosurf was awarded the “Start-up-Label” by the Swiss government agency for innovation (KTI). Nanosurf was founded June 4, 1997, in order to design scanning probe microscopes that were accessible for everyone. The Nanosurf founders were inspired by Hans-Joachim Guentherodt, the Director of the Swiss NCCR Nanoscale Science, head of the Institute of Physics of the University of Basel, coordinator of the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, and chairman of the National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) “Nanoscale Science”.", "title": "Nanosurf" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Han Ye - ri as Yoon Jin - myung -- 28 - year - old Han Seung - yeon as Jung Ye - eun -- 22 - year - old Park Eun - bin as Song Ji - won -- 22 - year - old Ryu Hwa - young as Kang Yi - na -- 24 - year - old Park Hye - soo as Yoo Eun - jae -- 20 - year - old Lee Na - yoon as young Eun - jae", "title": "Hello, My Twenties!" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hans-Joachim Veen (born 29 August 1944 in Strasbourg) is a German political scientist who since 1994 works as honorary professor at the University of Trier, Germany.", "title": "Hans-Joachim Veen" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Karel Halíř was born in Hohenelbe, Bohemia (now Vrchlabí, Czech Republic), and studied with Antonín Bennewitz in Prague (1867–73) and with Joseph Joachim in Berlin (1874–76). For the next four years (1876-1879) he was part of the Benjamin BilseKapelle in Berlin. He was concertmaster of the orchestras at Königsberg (1879), Mannheim (1881) and Weimar (1884–94). He first started getting attention as a soloist with his playing of the Bach Double Concerto with Joseph Joachim at the Bach Festival at Eisenach in 1884. In 1893 Halíř took over as concert master with the Berlin opera orchestra, the Königliche Kapelle, and joined the faculty of the Berlin Königliche Hochschule für Musik. At that time he started his own quartet in Berlin with Carl Markees, Adolf Müller, and Hugo Dechert. Later he also founded a Piano Trio group with his Hochschule colleague Georg Schumann on piano and Hugo Dechert on cello. Halíř became the second violinist of the Joachim Quartet in 1897, joining Joachim, Emanuel Wirth on viola, and Robert Hausmann on cello.", "title": "Karel Halíř" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joachim (/ ˈdʒoʊəkɪm /; ``he whom Yahweh has set up '', Hebrew: יְהוֹיָקִים ‬ Yəhôyāqîm, Greek Ἰωακείμ Iōākeím) was the husband of Saint Anne and the father of Mary, the mother of Jesus, according to the Catholic, Orthodox, and Anglican traditions. The story of Joachim and Anne first appears in the apocryphal Gospel of James. Joachim and Anne are not mentioned in the Bible. His feast day is 26 July.", "title": "Joachim" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hans-Joachim Merker (born 7 October 1929 in Merseburg, died 18 August 2014 in Berlin) was a German physician and anatomist. He was Professor of Anatomy at the Free University of Berlin from 1972 to 1998, and served as Dean of the Faculty of Medicine from 1980 to 1981. He was noted for his research on the fine structure of connective tissue, the morphology of hormone effects, and embryological and embryotoxic problems, and his research was central in the development of medical research utilising electron microscopy. Hans Georg Baumgarten noted on his death that he was \"not only a chair-holder, but a philosopher, humanist, anthropologist, developmental biologist, transdisciplinary scholar and scientist\".", "title": "Hans-Joachim Merker" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Princess Athena of Denmark (Athena Marguerite Françoise Marie; born 24 January 2012), is the younger child and only daughter of Prince Joachim and Princess Marie of Denmark.", "title": "Princess Athena of Denmark" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "She was laid down at the Deutsche Werke in Kiel on 19 November 1942 as yard number 310, launched on 14 August 1943 and was commissioned on 27 October 1943 with \"Oberleutnant zur See\" Hans-Joachim Förster, a Knights Cross winner, in command. He was replaced shortly afterwards by \"Oberleutnant\" Friedrich-Wilhelm Sons.", "title": "German submarine U-479" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Han's death is seen again in Furious 7 through archival footage from The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift and Fast & Furious 6, occurring the same time a bomb package delivered to Dominic's house goes off. Han's death was the reason Dominic appeared in Tokyo at the end of Tokyo Drift - to retrieve his body back to Los Angeles for burial. After racing with Sean Boswell, Dominic receives several of Han's personal items, including a photo of Gisele. The crew attended Han's funeral in Los Angeles a few days later, with Dominic spying Han's killer Deckard Shaw watching from a distance, and giving chase, leading to their confrontation.", "title": "Han Lue" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "From 1657 to 1738 Merseburg was the residence of the Dukes of Saxe-Merseburg, after which it fell to the Electorate of Saxony. In 1815 following the Napoleonic Wars, the town became part of the Prussian Province of Saxony.", "title": "Merseburg" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The East Prussian Regional Museum () in Lüneburg, Lower Saxony in Germany, was established 1987 on the basis of the East Prussian Hunting Museum () created by forester Hans Loeffke. It documents and commemorates the history, art and culture, but also the landscape and fauna of the former German province of East Prussia. Since spring 2009 the director of the museum is historian Dr. Joachim Mähnert.", "title": "East Prussian Regional Museum" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hans-Joachim Mack (30 March 1928 – 6 April 2008) was a German general of the Bundeswehr and Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe (DSACEUR) from 1984 to 1987.", "title": "Hans-Joachim Mack" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hans-Joachim Buddecke (22 August 1890 – 10 March 1918) was a German flying ace in World War I, credited with thirteen victories. He was the third ace, after Max Immelmann and Oswald Boelcke, to earn the Blue Max (Pour le Mérite). He saw combat in three theaters during the First World War: Bulgaria, Turkey, and the Western Front.", "title": "Hans-Joachim Buddecke" } ]	What year did the city were Hans-Joachim Merker was born end?	1738	[]	Title: Joachim Streich Passage: Joachim Streich (born 13 April 1951 in Wismar) is a former German footballer, who won the bronze medal with East Germany at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. Title: Karel Halíř Passage: Karel Halíř was born in Hohenelbe, Bohemia (now Vrchlabí, Czech Republic), and studied with Antonín Bennewitz in Prague (1867–73) and with Joseph Joachim in Berlin (1874–76). For the next four years (1876-1879) he was part of the Benjamin BilseKapelle in Berlin. He was concertmaster of the orchestras at Königsberg (1879), Mannheim (1881) and Weimar (1884–94). He first started getting attention as a soloist with his playing of the Bach Double Concerto with Joseph Joachim at the Bach Festival at Eisenach in 1884. In 1893 Halíř took over as concert master with the Berlin opera orchestra, the Königliche Kapelle, and joined the faculty of the Berlin Königliche Hochschule für Musik. At that time he started his own quartet in Berlin with Carl Markees, Adolf Müller, and Hugo Dechert. Later he also founded a Piano Trio group with his Hochschule colleague Georg Schumann on piano and Hugo Dechert on cello. Halíř became the second violinist of the Joachim Quartet in 1897, joining Joachim, Emanuel Wirth on viola, and Robert Hausmann on cello. Title: Hans-Joachim Mack Passage: Hans-Joachim Mack (30 March 1928 – 6 April 2008) was a German general of the Bundeswehr and Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe (DSACEUR) from 1984 to 1987. Title: German submarine U-479 Passage: She was laid down at the Deutsche Werke in Kiel on 19 November 1942 as yard number 310, launched on 14 August 1943 and was commissioned on 27 October 1943 with "Oberleutnant zur See" Hans-Joachim Förster, a Knights Cross winner, in command. He was replaced shortly afterwards by "Oberleutnant" Friedrich-Wilhelm Sons. Title: Nanosurf Passage: In 1997, Nanosurf was awarded the “Start-up-Label” by the Swiss government agency for innovation (KTI). Nanosurf was founded June 4, 1997, in order to design scanning probe microscopes that were accessible for everyone. The Nanosurf founders were inspired by Hans-Joachim Guentherodt, the Director of the Swiss NCCR Nanoscale Science, head of the Institute of Physics of the University of Basel, coordinator of the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, and chairman of the National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) “Nanoscale Science”. Title: Hans-Otto Meissner Passage: The son of prominent German diplomat Otto Meissner, Hans-Otto Meissner studied law at Heidelberg and Trinity College, Cambridge, after which he embarked on a diplomatic career. His postings took him to London, Tokyo, Moscow, and Milan, among other cities. After ending his diplomatic career, Meissner published a series of books, which proved financially successful. Title: Han Lue Passage: Han's death is seen again in Furious 7 through archival footage from The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift and Fast & Furious 6, occurring the same time a bomb package delivered to Dominic's house goes off. Han's death was the reason Dominic appeared in Tokyo at the end of Tokyo Drift - to retrieve his body back to Los Angeles for burial. After racing with Sean Boswell, Dominic receives several of Han's personal items, including a photo of Gisele. The crew attended Han's funeral in Los Angeles a few days later, with Dominic spying Han's killer Deckard Shaw watching from a distance, and giving chase, leading to their confrontation. Title: Princess Athena of Denmark Passage: Princess Athena of Denmark (Athena Marguerite Françoise Marie; born 24 January 2012), is the younger child and only daughter of Prince Joachim and Princess Marie of Denmark. Title: Joachim Passage: Joachim (/ ˈdʒoʊəkɪm /; ``he whom Yahweh has set up '', Hebrew: יְהוֹיָקִים ‬ Yəhôyāqîm, Greek Ἰωακείμ Iōākeím) was the husband of Saint Anne and the father of Mary, the mother of Jesus, according to the Catholic, Orthodox, and Anglican traditions. The story of Joachim and Anne first appears in the apocryphal Gospel of James. Joachim and Anne are not mentioned in the Bible. His feast day is 26 July. Title: Wenn Der Südwind Weht Passage: Wenn Der Südwind Weht is the seventh solo album by German keyboardist Hans-Joachim Roedelius, best known for his work with Cluster, Harmonia, and Aquarello. All the pieces on the album were composed by Roedelius. It was released by Sky Records in 1981 and has been reissued on CD by Sky Records in Germany by the Gyroscope label in the United States in 1996. The Bureau-B label reissued "Wenn Der Südwind Weht" in the European Union on both CD and 180 gram vinyl LP in 2010. Title: Hans-Joachim Buddecke Passage: Hans-Joachim Buddecke (22 August 1890 – 10 March 1918) was a German flying ace in World War I, credited with thirteen victories. He was the third ace, after Max Immelmann and Oswald Boelcke, to earn the Blue Max (Pour le Mérite). He saw combat in three theaters during the First World War: Bulgaria, Turkey, and the Western Front. Title: Hans-Joachim Merker Passage: Hans-Joachim Merker (born 7 October 1929 in Merseburg, died 18 August 2014 in Berlin) was a German physician and anatomist. He was Professor of Anatomy at the Free University of Berlin from 1972 to 1998, and served as Dean of the Faculty of Medicine from 1980 to 1981. He was noted for his research on the fine structure of connective tissue, the morphology of hormone effects, and embryological and embryotoxic problems, and his research was central in the development of medical research utilising electron microscopy. Hans Georg Baumgarten noted on his death that he was "not only a chair-holder, but a philosopher, humanist, anthropologist, developmental biologist, transdisciplinary scholar and scientist". Title: East Prussian Regional Museum Passage: The East Prussian Regional Museum () in Lüneburg, Lower Saxony in Germany, was established 1987 on the basis of the East Prussian Hunting Museum () created by forester Hans Loeffke. It documents and commemorates the history, art and culture, but also the landscape and fauna of the former German province of East Prussia. Since spring 2009 the director of the museum is historian Dr. Joachim Mähnert. Title: Hans-Joachim Veen Passage: Hans-Joachim Veen (born 29 August 1944 in Strasbourg) is a German political scientist who since 1994 works as honorary professor at the University of Trier, Germany. Title: Hello, My Twenties! Passage: Han Ye - ri as Yoon Jin - myung -- 28 - year - old Han Seung - yeon as Jung Ye - eun -- 22 - year - old Park Eun - bin as Song Ji - won -- 22 - year - old Ryu Hwa - young as Kang Yi - na -- 24 - year - old Park Hye - soo as Yoo Eun - jae -- 20 - year - old Lee Na - yoon as young Eun - jae Title: Evelyn Einstein Passage: Einstein was born in Chicago; after her birth she was adopted by Hans Albert Einstein. Towards the end of her life, she recounted that as a child she was told she was an illegitimate daughter of Albert Einstein and a ballet dancer; however, she had no documentation supporting this claim. She obtained a Master's degree in Medieval literature at University of California, Berkeley. She was married to Grover Krantz for 13 years from 1964 to about 1977. She then worked briefly as an animal control officer, as a cult deprogrammer, and as a Berkeley, California, reserve police officer. Title: Levi Strauss & Co. Passage: In 2002, the company closed its Valencia Street plant in San Francisco, which had opened the same year of the city's April 1906 earthquake. By the end of 2003, the closure of Levi's last U.S. factory in San Antonio ended 150 years of jeans made in the USA. Production of a few higher - end, more expensive styles of jeans resumed in the US several years later. Title: Sergeant Schwenke Passage: Sergeant Schwenke (German: Oberwachtmeister Schwenke) is a 1935 German drama film directed by Carl Froelich and starring Gustav Fröhlich, Marianne Hoppe and Karl Dannemann. It is based on a novel of the same title by Hans Joachim Freiherr von Reizenstein. It was remade in 1955 as "Sergeant Borck".. Title: Merseburg Passage: From 1657 to 1738 Merseburg was the residence of the Dukes of Saxe-Merseburg, after which it fell to the Electorate of Saxony. In 1815 following the Napoleonic Wars, the town became part of the Prussian Province of Saxony. Title: Nanjing Passage: Archaeological discovery shows that "Nanjing Man" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang.	[ "Hans-Joachim Merker", "Merseburg" ]
2hop__85993_512508	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Uranium-235 was the first isotope that was found to be fissile. Other naturally occurring isotopes are fissionable, but not fissile. On bombardment with slow neutrons, its uranium-235 isotope will most of the time divide into two smaller nuclei, releasing nuclear binding energy and more neutrons. If too many of these neutrons are absorbed by other uranium-235 nuclei, a nuclear chain reaction occurs that results in a burst of heat or (in special circumstances) an explosion. In a nuclear reactor, such a chain reaction is slowed and controlled by a neutron poison, absorbing some of the free neutrons. Such neutron absorbent materials are often part of reactor control rods (see nuclear reactor physics for a description of this process of reactor control).", "title": "Uranium" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In January 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany and it quickly became unsafe for Jewish scientists to remain in the country. Leó Szilárd fled to London where he proposed, and in 1934 patented, the idea of a nuclear chain reaction via neutrons. The patent also introduced the term critical mass to describe the minimum amount of material required to sustain the chain reaction and its potential to cause an explosion. (British patent 630,726.) He subsequently assigned the patent to the British Admiralty so that it could be covered by the Official Secrets Act. In a very real sense, Szilárd was the father of the atomic bomb academically. Also in 1934, Irène and Frédéric Joliot - Curie discovered that artificial radioactivity could be induced in stable elements by bombarding them with alpha particles; Enrico Fermi reported similar results when bombarding uranium with neutrons.", "title": "History of nuclear weapons" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (that is, the same atomic number, or Z). 118 elements are identified, of which the first 94 occur naturally on Earth with the remaining 24 being synthetic elements. There are 80 elements that have at least one stable isotope and 38 that have exclusively radionuclides, which decay over time into other elements. Iron is the most abundant element (by mass) making up Earth, while oxygen is the most common element in the Earth's crust.", "title": "Chemical element" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A neutron star is a highly dense remnant of a star that is primarily composed of neutrons—a particle that is found in most atomic nuclei and has no net electrical charge. The mass of a neutron star is in the range of 1.2 to 2.1 times the mass of the Sun. As a result of the collapse, a newly formed neutron star can have a very rapid rate of rotation; on the order of a hundred rotations per second.", "title": "Stellar rotation" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An electric field is a field that surrounds electric charges. It represents charges attracting or repelling other electric charges by exerting force. Mathematically the electric field is a vector field that associates to each point in space the force, called the Coulomb force, that would be experienced per unit of charge, by an infinitesimal test charge at that point. The units of the electric field in the SI system are newtons per coulomb (N / C), or volts per meter (V / m). Electric fields are created by electric charges, and by time - varying magnetic fields. Electric fields are important in many areas of physics, and are exploited practically in electrical technology. On an atomic scale, the electric field is responsible for the attractive force between the atomic nucleus and electrons that holds atoms together, and the forces between atoms that cause chemical bonding. The electric field and the magnetic field together form the electromagnetic force, one of the four fundamental forces of nature.", "title": "Electric field" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first charged lepton, the electron, was theorized in the mid-19th century by several scientists and was discovered in 1897 by J. J. Thomson. The next lepton to be observed was the muon, discovered by Carl D. Anderson in 1936, which was classified as a meson at the time. After investigation, it was realized that the muon did not have the expected properties of a meson, but rather behaved like an electron, only with higher mass. It took until 1947 for the concept of \"leptons\" as a family of particle to be proposed. The first neutrino, the electron neutrino, was proposed by Wolfgang Pauli in 1930 to explain certain characteristics of beta decay. It was first observed in the Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment conducted by Clyde Cowan and Frederick Reines in 1956. The muon neutrino was discovered in 1962 by Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, and Jack Steinberger, and the tau discovered between 1974 and 1977 by Martin Lewis Perl and his colleagues from the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The tau neutrino remained elusive until July 2000, when the DONUT collaboration from Fermilab announced its discovery.Leptons are an important part of the Standard Model. Electrons are one of the components of atoms, alongside protons and neutrons. Exotic atoms with muons and taus instead of electrons can also be synthesized, as well as lepton–antilepton particles such as positronium.", "title": "Lepton" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The nucleus was discovered in 1911, as a result of Ernest Rutherford's efforts to test Thomson's ``plum pudding model ''of the atom. The electron had already been discovered earlier by J.J. Thomson himself. Knowing that atoms are electrically neutral, Thomson postulated that there must be a positive charge as well. In his plum pudding model, Thomson suggested that an atom consisted of negative electrons randomly scattered within a sphere of positive charge. Ernest Rutherford later devised an experiment with his research partner Hans Geiger and with help of Ernest Marsden, that involved the deflection of alpha particles (helium nuclei) directed at a thin sheet of metal foil. He reasoned that if Thomson's model were correct, the positively charged alpha particles would easily pass through the foil with very little deviation in their paths, as the foil should act as electrically neutral if the negative and positive charges are so intimately mixed as to make it appear neutral. To his surprise, many of the particles were deflected at very large angles. Because the mass of an alpha particle is about 8000 times that of an electron, it became apparent that a very strong force must be present if it could deflect the massive and fast moving alpha particles. He realized that the plum pudding model could not be accurate and that the deflections of the alpha particles could only be explained if the positive and negative charges were separated from each other and that the mass of the atom was a concentrated point of positive charge. This justified the idea of a nuclear atom with a dense center of positive charge and mass.", "title": "Atomic nucleus" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In nuclear physics, beta decay (β - decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta ray (fast energetic electron or positron) and a neutrino are emitted from an atomic nucleus. For example, beta decay of a neutron transforms it into a proton by the emission of an electron, or conversely a proton is converted into a neutron by the emission of a positron (positron emission), thus changing the nuclide type. Neither the beta particle nor its associated neutrino exist within the nucleus prior to beta decay, but are created in the decay process. By this process, unstable atoms obtain a more stable ratio of protons to neutrons. The probability of a nuclide decaying due to beta and other forms of decay is determined by its nuclear binding energy. The binding energies of all existing nuclides form what is called the nuclear band or valley of stability. For either electron or positron emission to be energetically possible, the energy release (see below) or Q value must be positive.", "title": "Beta decay" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Most nuclear fuels contain heavy fissile elements that are capable of nuclear fission, such as uranium - 235 or plutonium - 239. When the unstable nuclei of these atoms are hit by a slow - moving neutron, they split, creating two daughter nuclei and two or three more neutrons. These neutrons then go on to split more nuclei. This creates a self - sustaining chain reaction that is controlled in a nuclear reactor, or uncontrolled in a nuclear weapon.", "title": "Nuclear fuel" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1931, Walther Bothe and Herbert Becker found that if alpha particle radiation from polonium fell on beryllium, boron, or lithium, an unusually penetrating radiation was produced. The radiation was not influenced by an electric field, so Bothe and Becker assumed it was gamma radiation. The following year Irène Joliot - Curie and Frédéric Joliot in Paris showed that if this ``gamma ''radiation fell on paraffin, or any other hydrogen - containing compound, it ejected protons of very high energy. Neither Rutherford nor James Chadwick at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge were convinced by the gamma ray interpretation. Chadwick quickly performed a series of experiments that showed that the new radiation consisted of uncharged particles with about the same mass as the proton. These particles were neutrons. Chadwick won the Nobel Prize in Physics for this discovery in 1935.", "title": "Neutron" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The weak force is due to the exchange of the heavy W and Z bosons. Its most familiar effect is beta decay (of neutrons in atomic nuclei) and the associated radioactivity. The word \"weak\" derives from the fact that the field strength is some 1013 times less than that of the strong force. Still, it is stronger than gravity over short distances. A consistent electroweak theory has also been developed, which shows that electromagnetic forces and the weak force are indistinguishable at a temperatures in excess of approximately 1015 kelvins. Such temperatures have been probed in modern particle accelerators and show the conditions of the universe in the early moments of the Big Bang.", "title": "Force" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "All of the forces in the universe are based on four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances, and are responsible for the interactions between subatomic particles, including nucleons and compound nuclei. The electromagnetic force acts between electric charges, and the gravitational force acts between masses. All other forces in nature derive from these four fundamental interactions. For example, friction is a manifestation of the electromagnetic force acting between the atoms of two surfaces, and the Pauli exclusion principle, which does not permit atoms to pass through each other. Similarly, the forces in springs, modeled by Hooke's law, are the result of electromagnetic forces and the Exclusion Principle acting together to return an object to its equilibrium position. Centrifugal forces are acceleration forces that arise simply from the acceleration of rotating frames of reference.:12-11:359", "title": "Force" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the first decades of the 20th century, physics was revolutionised with developments in the understanding of the nature of atoms. In 1898, Pierre and Marie Curie discovered that pitchblende, an ore of uranium, contained a substance -- which they named radium -- that emitted large amounts of radioactivity. Ernest Rutherford and Frederick Soddy identified that atoms were breaking down and turning into different elements. Hopes were raised among scientists and laymen that the elements around us could contain tremendous amounts of unseen energy, waiting to be harnessed.", "title": "History of nuclear weapons" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "During the Second World War, Chadwick carried out research as part of the Tube Alloys project to build an atomic bomb, while his Manchester lab and environs were harassed by Luftwaffe bombing. When the Quebec Agreement merged his project with the American Manhattan Project, he became part of the British Mission, and worked at the Los Alamos Laboratory and in Washington, D.C. He surprised everyone by earning the almost-complete trust of project director Leslie R. Groves, Jr. For his efforts, Chadwick received a knighthood in the New Year Honours on 1 January 1945. In July 1945, he viewed the Trinity nuclear test. After this, he served as the British scientific advisor to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. Uncomfortable with the trend toward Big Science, Chadwick became the Master of Gonville and Caius College in 1948. He retired in 1959.", "title": "James Chadwick" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A neutron star is the collapsed core of a large star which before collapse had a total of between 10 and 29 solar masses. Neutron stars are the smallest and densest stars known to exist. Though neutron stars typically have a radius on the order of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), they can have masses of about twice that of the Sun. They result from the supernova explosion of a massive star, combined with gravitational collapse, that compresses the core past the white dwarf star density to that of atomic nuclei. Once formed, they no longer actively generate heat and cool over time; however, they may still evolve further through collision or accretion. Most of the basic models for these objects imply that neutron stars are composed almost entirely of neutrons, which are subatomic particles with no net electrical charge and with slightly larger mass than protons. Neutron stars are supported against further collapse by neutron degeneracy pressure, a phenomenon described by the Pauli exclusion principle, just as white dwarfs are supported against collapse by electron degeneracy pressure. If the remnant star has a mass greater than about 3 solar masses, it continues collapsing to form a black hole.", "title": "Neutron star" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alpha decay or α - decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle (helium nucleus) and thereby transforms or 'decays' into an atom with a mass number that is reduced by four and an atomic number that is reduced by two. An alpha particle is identical to the nucleus of a helium - 4 atom, which consists of two protons and two neutrons. It has a charge of + 2e and a mass of 4u. For example, uranium - 238 decays to form thorium - 234. Alpha particles have a charge + 2, but as a nuclear equation describes a nuclear reaction without considering the electrons -- a convention that does not imply that the nuclei necessarily occur in neutral atoms -- the charge is not usually shown.", "title": "Alpha decay" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "All consideration of nuclear electrons ended with James Chadwick's discovery of the neutron in 1932. An atom of gold now was seen as containing 118 neutrons rather than 118 nuclear electrons, and its positive charge now was realized to come entirely from a content of 79 protons. After 1932, therefore, an element's atomic number Z was also realized to be identical to the proton number of its nuclei.", "title": "Atomic number" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "RRAT J1819-1458 is a Milky Way neutron star and the best studied of the class of rotating radio transients (RRATs) first discovered in 2006.", "title": "RRAT J1819-1458" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At Los Alamos, physicist Robert Serber proposed that instead of relying on spontaneous fission, the chain reaction inside the atomic bomb should be triggered by a neutron initiator. The best - known neutron sources were radium - beryllium and polonium - beryllium. The latter was chosen, as polonium has a 138 - day half - life, which made it intense enough to be useful but not long - lived enough to be stockpiled. Thomas took charge of the development of techniques to industrially refine polonium for use with beryllium in the ``urchin ''internal neutron initiators. This effort became the Dayton Project.", "title": "Dayton Project" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mössbauer effect, or recoilless nuclear resonance fluorescence, is a physical phenomenon discovered by Rudolf Mössbauer in 1958. It involves the resonant and recoil-free emission and absorption of gamma radiation by atomic nuclei bound in a solid. Its main application is in Mössbauer spectroscopy.", "title": "Mössbauer effect" } ]	What was the person who discovered that nuclei of atoms contained neutrons with no charge a participant in?	Manhattan Project	[]	Title: Atomic number Passage: All consideration of nuclear electrons ended with James Chadwick's discovery of the neutron in 1932. An atom of gold now was seen as containing 118 neutrons rather than 118 nuclear electrons, and its positive charge now was realized to come entirely from a content of 79 protons. After 1932, therefore, an element's atomic number Z was also realized to be identical to the proton number of its nuclei. Title: RRAT J1819-1458 Passage: RRAT J1819-1458 is a Milky Way neutron star and the best studied of the class of rotating radio transients (RRATs) first discovered in 2006. Title: History of nuclear weapons Passage: In the first decades of the 20th century, physics was revolutionised with developments in the understanding of the nature of atoms. In 1898, Pierre and Marie Curie discovered that pitchblende, an ore of uranium, contained a substance -- which they named radium -- that emitted large amounts of radioactivity. Ernest Rutherford and Frederick Soddy identified that atoms were breaking down and turning into different elements. Hopes were raised among scientists and laymen that the elements around us could contain tremendous amounts of unseen energy, waiting to be harnessed. Title: Force Passage: The weak force is due to the exchange of the heavy W and Z bosons. Its most familiar effect is beta decay (of neutrons in atomic nuclei) and the associated radioactivity. The word "weak" derives from the fact that the field strength is some 1013 times less than that of the strong force. Still, it is stronger than gravity over short distances. A consistent electroweak theory has also been developed, which shows that electromagnetic forces and the weak force are indistinguishable at a temperatures in excess of approximately 1015 kelvins. Such temperatures have been probed in modern particle accelerators and show the conditions of the universe in the early moments of the Big Bang. Title: Neutron star Passage: A neutron star is the collapsed core of a large star which before collapse had a total of between 10 and 29 solar masses. Neutron stars are the smallest and densest stars known to exist. Though neutron stars typically have a radius on the order of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), they can have masses of about twice that of the Sun. They result from the supernova explosion of a massive star, combined with gravitational collapse, that compresses the core past the white dwarf star density to that of atomic nuclei. Once formed, they no longer actively generate heat and cool over time; however, they may still evolve further through collision or accretion. Most of the basic models for these objects imply that neutron stars are composed almost entirely of neutrons, which are subatomic particles with no net electrical charge and with slightly larger mass than protons. Neutron stars are supported against further collapse by neutron degeneracy pressure, a phenomenon described by the Pauli exclusion principle, just as white dwarfs are supported against collapse by electron degeneracy pressure. If the remnant star has a mass greater than about 3 solar masses, it continues collapsing to form a black hole. Title: Alpha decay Passage: Alpha decay or α - decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle (helium nucleus) and thereby transforms or 'decays' into an atom with a mass number that is reduced by four and an atomic number that is reduced by two. An alpha particle is identical to the nucleus of a helium - 4 atom, which consists of two protons and two neutrons. It has a charge of + 2e and a mass of 4u. For example, uranium - 238 decays to form thorium - 234. Alpha particles have a charge + 2, but as a nuclear equation describes a nuclear reaction without considering the electrons -- a convention that does not imply that the nuclei necessarily occur in neutral atoms -- the charge is not usually shown. Title: Dayton Project Passage: At Los Alamos, physicist Robert Serber proposed that instead of relying on spontaneous fission, the chain reaction inside the atomic bomb should be triggered by a neutron initiator. The best - known neutron sources were radium - beryllium and polonium - beryllium. The latter was chosen, as polonium has a 138 - day half - life, which made it intense enough to be useful but not long - lived enough to be stockpiled. Thomas took charge of the development of techniques to industrially refine polonium for use with beryllium in the ``urchin ''internal neutron initiators. This effort became the Dayton Project. Title: Atomic nucleus Passage: The nucleus was discovered in 1911, as a result of Ernest Rutherford's efforts to test Thomson's ``plum pudding model ''of the atom. The electron had already been discovered earlier by J.J. Thomson himself. Knowing that atoms are electrically neutral, Thomson postulated that there must be a positive charge as well. In his plum pudding model, Thomson suggested that an atom consisted of negative electrons randomly scattered within a sphere of positive charge. Ernest Rutherford later devised an experiment with his research partner Hans Geiger and with help of Ernest Marsden, that involved the deflection of alpha particles (helium nuclei) directed at a thin sheet of metal foil. He reasoned that if Thomson's model were correct, the positively charged alpha particles would easily pass through the foil with very little deviation in their paths, as the foil should act as electrically neutral if the negative and positive charges are so intimately mixed as to make it appear neutral. To his surprise, many of the particles were deflected at very large angles. Because the mass of an alpha particle is about 8000 times that of an electron, it became apparent that a very strong force must be present if it could deflect the massive and fast moving alpha particles. He realized that the plum pudding model could not be accurate and that the deflections of the alpha particles could only be explained if the positive and negative charges were separated from each other and that the mass of the atom was a concentrated point of positive charge. This justified the idea of a nuclear atom with a dense center of positive charge and mass. Title: Mössbauer effect Passage: The Mössbauer effect, or recoilless nuclear resonance fluorescence, is a physical phenomenon discovered by Rudolf Mössbauer in 1958. It involves the resonant and recoil-free emission and absorption of gamma radiation by atomic nuclei bound in a solid. Its main application is in Mössbauer spectroscopy. Title: Stellar rotation Passage: A neutron star is a highly dense remnant of a star that is primarily composed of neutrons—a particle that is found in most atomic nuclei and has no net electrical charge. The mass of a neutron star is in the range of 1.2 to 2.1 times the mass of the Sun. As a result of the collapse, a newly formed neutron star can have a very rapid rate of rotation; on the order of a hundred rotations per second. Title: Electric field Passage: An electric field is a field that surrounds electric charges. It represents charges attracting or repelling other electric charges by exerting force. Mathematically the electric field is a vector field that associates to each point in space the force, called the Coulomb force, that would be experienced per unit of charge, by an infinitesimal test charge at that point. The units of the electric field in the SI system are newtons per coulomb (N / C), or volts per meter (V / m). Electric fields are created by electric charges, and by time - varying magnetic fields. Electric fields are important in many areas of physics, and are exploited practically in electrical technology. On an atomic scale, the electric field is responsible for the attractive force between the atomic nucleus and electrons that holds atoms together, and the forces between atoms that cause chemical bonding. The electric field and the magnetic field together form the electromagnetic force, one of the four fundamental forces of nature. Title: Beta decay Passage: In nuclear physics, beta decay (β - decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta ray (fast energetic electron or positron) and a neutrino are emitted from an atomic nucleus. For example, beta decay of a neutron transforms it into a proton by the emission of an electron, or conversely a proton is converted into a neutron by the emission of a positron (positron emission), thus changing the nuclide type. Neither the beta particle nor its associated neutrino exist within the nucleus prior to beta decay, but are created in the decay process. By this process, unstable atoms obtain a more stable ratio of protons to neutrons. The probability of a nuclide decaying due to beta and other forms of decay is determined by its nuclear binding energy. The binding energies of all existing nuclides form what is called the nuclear band or valley of stability. For either electron or positron emission to be energetically possible, the energy release (see below) or Q value must be positive. Title: Lepton Passage: The first charged lepton, the electron, was theorized in the mid-19th century by several scientists and was discovered in 1897 by J. J. Thomson. The next lepton to be observed was the muon, discovered by Carl D. Anderson in 1936, which was classified as a meson at the time. After investigation, it was realized that the muon did not have the expected properties of a meson, but rather behaved like an electron, only with higher mass. It took until 1947 for the concept of "leptons" as a family of particle to be proposed. The first neutrino, the electron neutrino, was proposed by Wolfgang Pauli in 1930 to explain certain characteristics of beta decay. It was first observed in the Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment conducted by Clyde Cowan and Frederick Reines in 1956. The muon neutrino was discovered in 1962 by Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, and Jack Steinberger, and the tau discovered between 1974 and 1977 by Martin Lewis Perl and his colleagues from the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The tau neutrino remained elusive until July 2000, when the DONUT collaboration from Fermilab announced its discovery.Leptons are an important part of the Standard Model. Electrons are one of the components of atoms, alongside protons and neutrons. Exotic atoms with muons and taus instead of electrons can also be synthesized, as well as lepton–antilepton particles such as positronium. Title: James Chadwick Passage: During the Second World War, Chadwick carried out research as part of the Tube Alloys project to build an atomic bomb, while his Manchester lab and environs were harassed by Luftwaffe bombing. When the Quebec Agreement merged his project with the American Manhattan Project, he became part of the British Mission, and worked at the Los Alamos Laboratory and in Washington, D.C. He surprised everyone by earning the almost-complete trust of project director Leslie R. Groves, Jr. For his efforts, Chadwick received a knighthood in the New Year Honours on 1 January 1945. In July 1945, he viewed the Trinity nuclear test. After this, he served as the British scientific advisor to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. Uncomfortable with the trend toward Big Science, Chadwick became the Master of Gonville and Caius College in 1948. He retired in 1959. Title: Nuclear fuel Passage: Most nuclear fuels contain heavy fissile elements that are capable of nuclear fission, such as uranium - 235 or plutonium - 239. When the unstable nuclei of these atoms are hit by a slow - moving neutron, they split, creating two daughter nuclei and two or three more neutrons. These neutrons then go on to split more nuclei. This creates a self - sustaining chain reaction that is controlled in a nuclear reactor, or uncontrolled in a nuclear weapon. Title: Uranium Passage: Uranium-235 was the first isotope that was found to be fissile. Other naturally occurring isotopes are fissionable, but not fissile. On bombardment with slow neutrons, its uranium-235 isotope will most of the time divide into two smaller nuclei, releasing nuclear binding energy and more neutrons. If too many of these neutrons are absorbed by other uranium-235 nuclei, a nuclear chain reaction occurs that results in a burst of heat or (in special circumstances) an explosion. In a nuclear reactor, such a chain reaction is slowed and controlled by a neutron poison, absorbing some of the free neutrons. Such neutron absorbent materials are often part of reactor control rods (see nuclear reactor physics for a description of this process of reactor control). Title: Neutron Passage: In 1931, Walther Bothe and Herbert Becker found that if alpha particle radiation from polonium fell on beryllium, boron, or lithium, an unusually penetrating radiation was produced. The radiation was not influenced by an electric field, so Bothe and Becker assumed it was gamma radiation. The following year Irène Joliot - Curie and Frédéric Joliot in Paris showed that if this ``gamma ''radiation fell on paraffin, or any other hydrogen - containing compound, it ejected protons of very high energy. Neither Rutherford nor James Chadwick at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge were convinced by the gamma ray interpretation. Chadwick quickly performed a series of experiments that showed that the new radiation consisted of uncharged particles with about the same mass as the proton. These particles were neutrons. Chadwick won the Nobel Prize in Physics for this discovery in 1935. Title: Force Passage: All of the forces in the universe are based on four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances, and are responsible for the interactions between subatomic particles, including nucleons and compound nuclei. The electromagnetic force acts between electric charges, and the gravitational force acts between masses. All other forces in nature derive from these four fundamental interactions. For example, friction is a manifestation of the electromagnetic force acting between the atoms of two surfaces, and the Pauli exclusion principle, which does not permit atoms to pass through each other. Similarly, the forces in springs, modeled by Hooke's law, are the result of electromagnetic forces and the Exclusion Principle acting together to return an object to its equilibrium position. Centrifugal forces are acceleration forces that arise simply from the acceleration of rotating frames of reference.:12-11:359 Title: History of nuclear weapons Passage: In January 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany and it quickly became unsafe for Jewish scientists to remain in the country. Leó Szilárd fled to London where he proposed, and in 1934 patented, the idea of a nuclear chain reaction via neutrons. The patent also introduced the term critical mass to describe the minimum amount of material required to sustain the chain reaction and its potential to cause an explosion. (British patent 630,726.) He subsequently assigned the patent to the British Admiralty so that it could be covered by the Official Secrets Act. In a very real sense, Szilárd was the father of the atomic bomb academically. Also in 1934, Irène and Frédéric Joliot - Curie discovered that artificial radioactivity could be induced in stable elements by bombarding them with alpha particles; Enrico Fermi reported similar results when bombarding uranium with neutrons. Title: Chemical element Passage: A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (that is, the same atomic number, or Z). 118 elements are identified, of which the first 94 occur naturally on Earth with the remaining 24 being synthetic elements. There are 80 elements that have at least one stable isotope and 38 that have exclusively radionuclides, which decay over time into other elements. Iron is the most abundant element (by mass) making up Earth, while oxygen is the most common element in the Earth's crust.	[ "Neutron", "James Chadwick" ]
2hop__57638_615257	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Winters attended academic and athletic powerhouse Archbishop Molloy High School in Queens, New York, graduating in 1970. He then played collegiately with the University of South Carolina and was the 12th pick in the 1974 NBA Draft, taken by the Los Angeles Lakers. He made the NBA All-Rookie Team with the Lakers, and was then traded to the Milwaukee Bucks as part of the trade that brought Kareem Abdul-Jabbar to the Lakers. He had a productive nine-year career that included two appearances in the NBA All-Star Game and playing on six playoffs teams. Winters averaged 16.2 points and 4.1 assists over his career, with his best years coming from 1975 to 1979 when he averaged over 19 points and slightly less than 5 assists per game. His number 32 was retired by the Bucks. In a 2005 interview, Michael Jordan singled out Winters as the best \"pure shooter\" in history, claiming that \"he had the most beautiful stroke of all the people whom [he could] think of.\"", "title": "Brian Winters" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 6' 1\" guard from the University of Tulsa, Bracey played three seasons (1972–1975) in the National Basketball Association as a member of the Atlanta Hawks and Golden State Warriors. He averaged 6.1 points per game and won an NBA Championship with Golden State in 1975.", "title": "Steve Bracey" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2006 -- 07, James's averages declined to 27.3 points, 6.7 rebounds, 6 assists, and 1.6 steals per game. Some analysts attributed the fall to a regression in his passing skills and shot selection, which stemmed from a lack of effort and focus. The Cavaliers finished the season with 50 wins for the second consecutive year and entered the playoffs as the East's second seed. In Game 5 of the NBA Conference Finals, James notched 48 points with 9 rebounds and 7 assists, scoring 29 of Cleveland's last 30 points, including the game - winning layup with two seconds left, against the Pistons. After the game, play - by - play announcer Marv Albert called the performance ``one of the greatest moments in postseason history ''and color commentator Steve Kerr described it as`` Jordan-esque''. In 2012, ESPN ranked the performance the fourth greatest in modern NBA playoff history. The Cavaliers went on to win Game 6 and claim their first - ever Eastern Conference championship, earning them a matchup with the San Antonio Spurs in the NBA Finals. During the championship round, James struggled, averaging 22 points, 7.0 rebounds, and 6.8 assists per game on just 35.6 percent shooting, and Cleveland was eliminated in a sweep.", "title": "LeBron James" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 7'0\" center from Tulane University, Spitzer spent one season (1967-68) with the Chicago Bulls of the NBA. He averaged 1.8 points and 2.4 rebounds.", "title": "Craig Spitzer" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Every year, each of the 30 NBA teams nominates one of its players to compete for this award. From these nominees, one player from each NBA division are selected by a panel as the divisional Sportsmanship Award winners. At the end of the regular season, players in the league cast votes for the award, with eleven points given for each first-place vote, nine for second-place vote, seven points for third, five points for fourth, three points for fifth and one point for each sixth place vote received. The player with the highest point total, regardless of the number of first-place votes, wins the award and presented with the Joe Dumars Trophy; named after the former Detroit Pistons player and the award's inaugural recipient.Grant Hill has won the award three times; the most in NBA history. Kemba Walker, Jason Kidd and Mike Conley are the only other players to have won it multiple times, each having done so twice.", "title": "NBA Sportsmanship Award" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (born Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor Jr.; April 16, 1947) is an American retired professional basketball player who played 20 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Milwaukee Bucks and the Los Angeles Lakers. During his career as a center, Abdul-Jabbar was a record six-time NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP), a record 19-time NBA All-Star, a 15-time All-NBA selection, and an 11-time NBA All-Defensive Team member. A member of six NBA championship teams as a player and two more as an assistant coach, Abdul-Jabbar twice was voted NBA Finals MVP. In 1996, he was honored as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History. NBA coach Pat Riley and players Isiah Thomas and Julius Erving have called him the greatest basketball player of all time.", "title": "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gasol is a double - double machine, having recorded over 550 double - doubles in his NBA career. On April 2, 2016, he became the 36th player in NBA history to reach the 10,000 - point / 10,000 - rebound mark. While Gasol became the 43rd player in NBA history to reach to the 20,000 - point milestone, he is just the fourth with that many points, 10,000 rebounds, 3,500 assists and 1,500 blocks.", "title": "Pau Gasol" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Occupation Sports agent (for Fortitude) Former: Basketball coach (Tree Hill Ravens) Basketball player in the NBA (Point guard for the Charlotte Bobcats)", "title": "Nathan Scott" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stephen Curry Curry in 2016 No. 30 -- Golden State Warriors Position Point guard League NBA (1988 - 03 - 14) March 14, 1988 (age 30) Akron, Ohio Nationality American Listed height 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) Listed weight 190 lb (86 kg) Career information High school Charlotte Christian (Charlotte, North Carolina) College Davidson (2006 -- 2009) NBA draft 2009 / Round: 1 / Pick: 7th overall Selected by the Golden State Warriors Playing career 2009 -- present Career history 2009 -- present Golden State Warriors Career highlights and awards 3 × NBA champion (2015, 2017, 2018) 2 × NBA Most Valuable Player (2015, 2016) 5 × NBA All - Star (2014 -- 2018) 2 × All - NBA First Team (2015, 2016) 2 × All - NBA Second Team (2014, 2017) All - NBA Third Team (2018) NBA scoring champion (2016) NBA steals leader (2016) 50 -- 40 -- 90 club (2016) NBA Three - Point Contest champion (2015) NBA Sportsmanship Award (2011) NBA All - Rookie First Team (2010) AP Athlete of the Year (2015) Consensus first - team All - American (2009) Consensus second - team All - American (2008) NCAA Division I scoring leader (2009) 2 × SoCon Player of the Year (2008, 2009) Stats at NBA.com Stats at Basketball-Reference.com Medals (hide) Men's basketball Representing United States FIBA World Cup 2010 Turkey National team 2014 Spain National team", "title": "Stephen Curry" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The highest - scoring regular season game is the triple - overtime game between the Detroit Pistons and the Denver Nuggets on December 13, 1983. The two teams combined to score 370 points, with the Pistons defeating the Nuggets 186 -- 184. An NBA - record four players scored over 40 points in the game, including the Nuggets' Kiki Vandeweghe with a game - high 51. The two teams also set several other NBA records, including the most points scored by one team (186 points), the most points scored by a losing team (184), the most field goals by two teams (142), most field goals by one team (74) and most assists by two teams (93).", "title": "List of highest-scoring NBA games" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Wilt Chamberlain holds the all - time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961 -- 62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959 -- 60 season. Among active players, Kevin Durant has the highest point total (2,593) and the highest scoring average (32.0) in a season; both were achieved in the 2013 -- 14 season.", "title": "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clint Richardson Jr. (born August 7, 1956) is an American former professional basketball player who was selected by the Philadelphia 76ers in the 2nd round (36th overall) of the 1979 NBA draft. A 6'3\" guard from Seattle University, Richardson played in nine NBA seasons, from 1980 to 1989, with the 76ers and the Indiana Pacers. He also played for one season (European Cup matches only) for one of the top Greek teams, AEK Athens, as well as a season in Italy. During his NBA career, Richardson played in 586 games and scored a total of 4,084 points. His best year as a professional came during the 1985-86 season as a member of the Pacers, appearing in 82 games and averaging 9.7 ppg. Richardson was a member of the team.", "title": "Clint Richardson" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With career averages of 25.0 points, 5.2 rebounds, 4.7 assists, and 1.4 steals per game, he is considered one of the most complete players in NBA history. He was the first player in NBA history to have at least 30,000 career points and 6,000 career assists, and is one of only four players with 25,000 points, 6,000 rebounds and 6,000 assists. Bryant led the NBA in scoring during the 2005 -- 06 and 2006 -- 07 seasons. His 81 - point performance against Toronto in 2006 was the second - highest in NBA history, behind only Chamberlain's 100. He has scored at least 50 points 24 times in his career, which is third in league history behind Jordan (31) and Chamberlain (118); six times Bryant scored at least 60. He was just the third player in NBA history to average 40 points in a calendar month, which he has accomplished four times. Bryant was voted the league MVP in 2008 and led his team to the 2008 NBA Finals as the first seed in the Western Conference. In the 2008 Summer Olympics, he won a gold medal as a member of the U.S. men's basketball team, occasionally referred to as ``The Redeem Team ''. He won another gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He led the Lakers to two more championships in 2009 and 2010, winning the Finals MVP award on both occasions.", "title": "Kobe Bryant" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 6'9\" (2.06 m) forward/center from the University of South Carolina, Boswell played six seasons (1975–1980;1983–1984) in the National Basketball Association as a member of the Boston Celtics, Denver Nuggets, and Utah Jazz. He averaged 7.7 points per game in his NBA career and won an NBA Championship with Boston in 1976.", "title": "Tom Boswell" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ty Cobb holds the record for highest career batting average with. 366, 9 points higher than Rogers Hornsby who has the second highest average in history at. 358. The record for lowest career batting average for a player with more than 2,500 at - bats belongs to Bill Bergen, a catcher who played from 1901 to 1911 and recorded a. 170 average in 3,028 career at - bats. The modern - era record for highest batting average for a season is held by Napoleon Lajoie, who hit. 426 in 1901, the first year of play for the American League. The modern - era record for lowest batting average for a player that qualified for the batting title is held by Rob Deer, who hit. 179 in 1991. While finishing six plate appearances short of qualifying for the batting title, Adam Dunn of the Chicago White Sox hit. 159 for the 2011 season, twenty points (and 11.2%) lower than the record. The highest batting average for a rookie was. 408 in 1911 by Shoeless Joe Jackson.", "title": "Batting average" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "With NBA scoring champion Kevin Durant, second-year point guard Russell Westbrook, and forward Jeff Green leading the way, the Thunder made the playoffs as the youngest team in the NBA with the 28th highest total salary in the league. The team became the youngest NBA playoff team (23.19, using data going back to 1952) based on average age weighted by minutes played. The Thunder were then eliminated by the eventual NBA champions, the Los Angeles Lakers in six games in the First Round. The 2009-10 Oklahoma City Thunder and the 2007-08 Denver Nuggets are tied at 50-32 for having the best 8th seed record in NBA history.", "title": "2009–10 Oklahoma City Thunder season" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center.", "title": "Sacramento Kings" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At 21 years and 197 days, Durant is the youngest scoring leader in NBA history, averaging 30.1 points in the 2009 -- 10 season. Russell Westbrook led the league with an average of 31.6 points in the 2016 -- 17 season, when he also became the second NBA player to average a triple - double in a season. The most recent champion is James Harden.", "title": "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stephen Curry Curry in 2016 No. 30 -- Golden State Warriors Position Point guard League NBA (1988 - 03 - 14) March 14, 1988 (age 29) Akron, Ohio Nationality American Listed height 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) Listed weight 190 lb (86 kg) Career information High school Charlotte Christian (Charlotte, North Carolina) College Davidson (2006 -- 2009) NBA draft 2009 / Round: 1 / Pick: 7th overall Selected by the Golden State Warriors Playing career 2009 -- present Career history 2009 -- present Golden State Warriors Career highlights and awards 2 × NBA champion (2015, 2017) 2 × NBA Most Valuable Player (2015, 2016) 4 × NBA All - Star (2014 -- 2017) 2 × All - NBA First Team (2015, 2016) 2 × All - NBA Second Team (2014, 2017) NBA scoring champion (2016) NBA steals leader (2016) 50 -- 40 -- 90 club (2016) NBA Three - Point Contest champion (2015) NBA Sportsmanship Award (2011) NBA All - Rookie First Team (2010) AP Athlete of the Year (2015) Consensus first - team All - American (2009) Consensus second - team All - American (2008) NCAA Division I scoring leader (2009) 2 × SoCon Player of the Year (2008, 2009) Stats at NBA.com Stats at Basketball-Reference.com Medals (hide) Men's basketball Representing United States FIBA World Cup 2010 Turkey Team 2014 Spain Team", "title": "Stephen Curry" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles. The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Western Conference in the Pacific Division. The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center, an arena shared with the NBA's Los Angeles Clippers, the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association, and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League. The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA, and have won 16 NBA championships (11 in Los Angeles), their most recent being in 2010.", "title": "Los Angeles Lakers" } ]	What team is the person with the highest point average in NBA history on?	Oklahoma City Thunder	[]	Title: Clint Richardson Passage: Clint Richardson Jr. (born August 7, 1956) is an American former professional basketball player who was selected by the Philadelphia 76ers in the 2nd round (36th overall) of the 1979 NBA draft. A 6'3" guard from Seattle University, Richardson played in nine NBA seasons, from 1980 to 1989, with the 76ers and the Indiana Pacers. He also played for one season (European Cup matches only) for one of the top Greek teams, AEK Athens, as well as a season in Italy. During his NBA career, Richardson played in 586 games and scored a total of 4,084 points. His best year as a professional came during the 1985-86 season as a member of the Pacers, appearing in 82 games and averaging 9.7 ppg. Richardson was a member of the team. Title: List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders Passage: Wilt Chamberlain holds the all - time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961 -- 62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959 -- 60 season. Among active players, Kevin Durant has the highest point total (2,593) and the highest scoring average (32.0) in a season; both were achieved in the 2013 -- 14 season. Title: NBA Sportsmanship Award Passage: Every year, each of the 30 NBA teams nominates one of its players to compete for this award. From these nominees, one player from each NBA division are selected by a panel as the divisional Sportsmanship Award winners. At the end of the regular season, players in the league cast votes for the award, with eleven points given for each first-place vote, nine for second-place vote, seven points for third, five points for fourth, three points for fifth and one point for each sixth place vote received. The player with the highest point total, regardless of the number of first-place votes, wins the award and presented with the Joe Dumars Trophy; named after the former Detroit Pistons player and the award's inaugural recipient.Grant Hill has won the award three times; the most in NBA history. Kemba Walker, Jason Kidd and Mike Conley are the only other players to have won it multiple times, each having done so twice. Title: Brian Winters Passage: Winters attended academic and athletic powerhouse Archbishop Molloy High School in Queens, New York, graduating in 1970. He then played collegiately with the University of South Carolina and was the 12th pick in the 1974 NBA Draft, taken by the Los Angeles Lakers. He made the NBA All-Rookie Team with the Lakers, and was then traded to the Milwaukee Bucks as part of the trade that brought Kareem Abdul-Jabbar to the Lakers. He had a productive nine-year career that included two appearances in the NBA All-Star Game and playing on six playoffs teams. Winters averaged 16.2 points and 4.1 assists over his career, with his best years coming from 1975 to 1979 when he averaged over 19 points and slightly less than 5 assists per game. His number 32 was retired by the Bucks. In a 2005 interview, Michael Jordan singled out Winters as the best "pure shooter" in history, claiming that "he had the most beautiful stroke of all the people whom [he could] think of." Title: List of highest-scoring NBA games Passage: The highest - scoring regular season game is the triple - overtime game between the Detroit Pistons and the Denver Nuggets on December 13, 1983. The two teams combined to score 370 points, with the Pistons defeating the Nuggets 186 -- 184. An NBA - record four players scored over 40 points in the game, including the Nuggets' Kiki Vandeweghe with a game - high 51. The two teams also set several other NBA records, including the most points scored by one team (186 points), the most points scored by a losing team (184), the most field goals by two teams (142), most field goals by one team (74) and most assists by two teams (93). Title: Tom Boswell Passage: A 6'9" (2.06 m) forward/center from the University of South Carolina, Boswell played six seasons (1975–1980;1983–1984) in the National Basketball Association as a member of the Boston Celtics, Denver Nuggets, and Utah Jazz. He averaged 7.7 points per game in his NBA career and won an NBA Championship with Boston in 1976. Title: Steve Bracey Passage: A 6' 1" guard from the University of Tulsa, Bracey played three seasons (1972–1975) in the National Basketball Association as a member of the Atlanta Hawks and Golden State Warriors. He averaged 6.1 points per game and won an NBA Championship with Golden State in 1975. Title: Los Angeles Lakers Passage: The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles. The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Western Conference in the Pacific Division. The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center, an arena shared with the NBA's Los Angeles Clippers, the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association, and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League. The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA, and have won 16 NBA championships (11 in Los Angeles), their most recent being in 2010. Title: Batting average Passage: Ty Cobb holds the record for highest career batting average with. 366, 9 points higher than Rogers Hornsby who has the second highest average in history at. 358. The record for lowest career batting average for a player with more than 2,500 at - bats belongs to Bill Bergen, a catcher who played from 1901 to 1911 and recorded a. 170 average in 3,028 career at - bats. The modern - era record for highest batting average for a season is held by Napoleon Lajoie, who hit. 426 in 1901, the first year of play for the American League. The modern - era record for lowest batting average for a player that qualified for the batting title is held by Rob Deer, who hit. 179 in 1991. While finishing six plate appearances short of qualifying for the batting title, Adam Dunn of the Chicago White Sox hit. 159 for the 2011 season, twenty points (and 11.2%) lower than the record. The highest batting average for a rookie was. 408 in 1911 by Shoeless Joe Jackson. Title: LeBron James Passage: In 2006 -- 07, James's averages declined to 27.3 points, 6.7 rebounds, 6 assists, and 1.6 steals per game. Some analysts attributed the fall to a regression in his passing skills and shot selection, which stemmed from a lack of effort and focus. The Cavaliers finished the season with 50 wins for the second consecutive year and entered the playoffs as the East's second seed. In Game 5 of the NBA Conference Finals, James notched 48 points with 9 rebounds and 7 assists, scoring 29 of Cleveland's last 30 points, including the game - winning layup with two seconds left, against the Pistons. After the game, play - by - play announcer Marv Albert called the performance ``one of the greatest moments in postseason history ''and color commentator Steve Kerr described it as`` Jordan-esque''. In 2012, ESPN ranked the performance the fourth greatest in modern NBA playoff history. The Cavaliers went on to win Game 6 and claim their first - ever Eastern Conference championship, earning them a matchup with the San Antonio Spurs in the NBA Finals. During the championship round, James struggled, averaging 22 points, 7.0 rebounds, and 6.8 assists per game on just 35.6 percent shooting, and Cleveland was eliminated in a sweep. Title: Kobe Bryant Passage: With career averages of 25.0 points, 5.2 rebounds, 4.7 assists, and 1.4 steals per game, he is considered one of the most complete players in NBA history. He was the first player in NBA history to have at least 30,000 career points and 6,000 career assists, and is one of only four players with 25,000 points, 6,000 rebounds and 6,000 assists. Bryant led the NBA in scoring during the 2005 -- 06 and 2006 -- 07 seasons. His 81 - point performance against Toronto in 2006 was the second - highest in NBA history, behind only Chamberlain's 100. He has scored at least 50 points 24 times in his career, which is third in league history behind Jordan (31) and Chamberlain (118); six times Bryant scored at least 60. He was just the third player in NBA history to average 40 points in a calendar month, which he has accomplished four times. Bryant was voted the league MVP in 2008 and led his team to the 2008 NBA Finals as the first seed in the Western Conference. In the 2008 Summer Olympics, he won a gold medal as a member of the U.S. men's basketball team, occasionally referred to as ``The Redeem Team ''. He won another gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He led the Lakers to two more championships in 2009 and 2010, winning the Finals MVP award on both occasions. Title: Craig Spitzer Passage: A 7'0" center from Tulane University, Spitzer spent one season (1967-68) with the Chicago Bulls of the NBA. He averaged 1.8 points and 2.4 rebounds. Title: List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders Passage: At 21 years and 197 days, Durant is the youngest scoring leader in NBA history, averaging 30.1 points in the 2009 -- 10 season. Russell Westbrook led the league with an average of 31.6 points in the 2016 -- 17 season, when he also became the second NBA player to average a triple - double in a season. The most recent champion is James Harden. Title: Stephen Curry Passage: Stephen Curry Curry in 2016 No. 30 -- Golden State Warriors Position Point guard League NBA (1988 - 03 - 14) March 14, 1988 (age 29) Akron, Ohio Nationality American Listed height 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) Listed weight 190 lb (86 kg) Career information High school Charlotte Christian (Charlotte, North Carolina) College Davidson (2006 -- 2009) NBA draft 2009 / Round: 1 / Pick: 7th overall Selected by the Golden State Warriors Playing career 2009 -- present Career history 2009 -- present Golden State Warriors Career highlights and awards 2 × NBA champion (2015, 2017) 2 × NBA Most Valuable Player (2015, 2016) 4 × NBA All - Star (2014 -- 2017) 2 × All - NBA First Team (2015, 2016) 2 × All - NBA Second Team (2014, 2017) NBA scoring champion (2016) NBA steals leader (2016) 50 -- 40 -- 90 club (2016) NBA Three - Point Contest champion (2015) NBA Sportsmanship Award (2011) NBA All - Rookie First Team (2010) AP Athlete of the Year (2015) Consensus first - team All - American (2009) Consensus second - team All - American (2008) NCAA Division I scoring leader (2009) 2 × SoCon Player of the Year (2008, 2009) Stats at NBA.com Stats at Basketball-Reference.com Medals (hide) Men's basketball Representing United States FIBA World Cup 2010 Turkey Team 2014 Spain Team Title: Stephen Curry Passage: Stephen Curry Curry in 2016 No. 30 -- Golden State Warriors Position Point guard League NBA (1988 - 03 - 14) March 14, 1988 (age 30) Akron, Ohio Nationality American Listed height 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) Listed weight 190 lb (86 kg) Career information High school Charlotte Christian (Charlotte, North Carolina) College Davidson (2006 -- 2009) NBA draft 2009 / Round: 1 / Pick: 7th overall Selected by the Golden State Warriors Playing career 2009 -- present Career history 2009 -- present Golden State Warriors Career highlights and awards 3 × NBA champion (2015, 2017, 2018) 2 × NBA Most Valuable Player (2015, 2016) 5 × NBA All - Star (2014 -- 2018) 2 × All - NBA First Team (2015, 2016) 2 × All - NBA Second Team (2014, 2017) All - NBA Third Team (2018) NBA scoring champion (2016) NBA steals leader (2016) 50 -- 40 -- 90 club (2016) NBA Three - Point Contest champion (2015) NBA Sportsmanship Award (2011) NBA All - Rookie First Team (2010) AP Athlete of the Year (2015) Consensus first - team All - American (2009) Consensus second - team All - American (2008) NCAA Division I scoring leader (2009) 2 × SoCon Player of the Year (2008, 2009) Stats at NBA.com Stats at Basketball-Reference.com Medals (hide) Men's basketball Representing United States FIBA World Cup 2010 Turkey National team 2014 Spain National team Title: Sacramento Kings Passage: The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center. Title: Pau Gasol Passage: Gasol is a double - double machine, having recorded over 550 double - doubles in his NBA career. On April 2, 2016, he became the 36th player in NBA history to reach the 10,000 - point / 10,000 - rebound mark. While Gasol became the 43rd player in NBA history to reach to the 20,000 - point milestone, he is just the fourth with that many points, 10,000 rebounds, 3,500 assists and 1,500 blocks. Title: Nathan Scott Passage: Occupation Sports agent (for Fortitude) Former: Basketball coach (Tree Hill Ravens) Basketball player in the NBA (Point guard for the Charlotte Bobcats) Title: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Passage: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (born Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor Jr.; April 16, 1947) is an American retired professional basketball player who played 20 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Milwaukee Bucks and the Los Angeles Lakers. During his career as a center, Abdul-Jabbar was a record six-time NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP), a record 19-time NBA All-Star, a 15-time All-NBA selection, and an 11-time NBA All-Defensive Team member. A member of six NBA championship teams as a player and two more as an assistant coach, Abdul-Jabbar twice was voted NBA Finals MVP. In 1996, he was honored as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History. NBA coach Pat Riley and players Isiah Thomas and Julius Erving have called him the greatest basketball player of all time. Title: 2009–10 Oklahoma City Thunder season Passage: With NBA scoring champion Kevin Durant, second-year point guard Russell Westbrook, and forward Jeff Green leading the way, the Thunder made the playoffs as the youngest team in the NBA with the 28th highest total salary in the league. The team became the youngest NBA playoff team (23.19, using data going back to 1952) based on average age weighted by minutes played. The Thunder were then eliminated by the eventual NBA champions, the Los Angeles Lakers in six games in the First Round. The 2009-10 Oklahoma City Thunder and the 2007-08 Denver Nuggets are tied at 50-32 for having the best 8th seed record in NBA history.	[ "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders", "2009–10 Oklahoma City Thunder season" ]
2hop__418941_429437	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The settlement of Plympton, further up the River Plym than the current Plymouth, was also an early trading port, but the river silted up in the early 11th century and forced the mariners and merchants to settle at the current day Barbican near the river mouth. At the time this village was called Sutton, meaning south town in Old English. The name Plym Mouth, meaning \"mouth of the River Plym\" was first mentioned in a Pipe Roll of 1211. The name Plymouth first officially replaced Sutton in a charter of King Henry VI in 1440. See Plympton for the derivation of the name Plym.", "title": "Plymouth" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Bumping River is a tributary of the Naches River, in Washington in the United States. It flows down the east side of the Cascade Range, through Wenatchee National Forest and the William O. Douglas Wilderness. From its source at Fish Lake near Crag Mountain, it flows northeast to Bumping Lake, a natural lake enlarged and regulated by Bumping Lake Dam. Below the dam, the Bumping River continues flowing northeast. It is joined by the American River, its main tributary, a few miles above its mouth where it joins the Little Naches River to form the Naches River.", "title": "Bumping River" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lansdowne River, a watercourse of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast district of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Lansdowne River" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wolli Creek () is an urban watercourse of the Cooks River catchment located in the southern suburbs of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Wolli Creek" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Doubtful Creek, formerly known as Doubtful River, a watercourse that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Snowy Mountains district of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Doubtful Creek" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arado (plow) River in the north of Portugal. The river's source is the Gerês Mountain, and the mouth cascades into the Fafião river, (41°42'10.88\"N; 8° 6'33.50\"W), Fafião place, Cabril village, Montalegre municipality. From Arado cascate (41°43'25.53\"N; 8° 7'46.98\"W) till the mouth, runs .", "title": "Arado River" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Little Yoho River is a short river in British Columbia that flows east from Kiwetinok Lake, which is the highest named lake in Canada, and into the Yoho River about upstream from the mouth of the creek that Takakkaw Falls is on. It is probably best known for Laughing Falls, an impressive plunge just above the river’s mouth that is seen on the way to Twin Falls.", "title": "Little Yoho River" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bardwell Creek, an urban watercourse of the Cooks River catchment, is located in the southern suburbs of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Bardwell Creek" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Kyyjärvi is a medium-sized lake in Finland. It is a starting point of the Saarijärvi Whitewater Route, a continuous watercourse in Central Finland.", "title": "Lake Kyyjärvi" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maryland River is a watercourse of the Clarence River catchment in the Northern Tablelands district of New South Wales, Australia. Its upper reaches run close to the border between New South Wales and Queensland.", "title": "Maryland River" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rinža (German: Rinse, Rinnse) is a river of Slovenia. It is long and flows through Kočevje. It is the main watercourse of the Kočevje Polje and it is a losing stream. A few kilometers downstream of Kočevje, it goes subterranean. It emerges again as the Bilpa, a tributary of the Kolpa.", "title": "Rinža" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Toongabbie Creek, an urban watercourse that is part of the Parramatta River catchment, is located in Greater Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Toongabbie Creek" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Naches River is a tributary of the Yakima River in central Washington in the United States. Beginning as the Little Naches River, it is about 75 miles (121 km) long. After the confluence of the Little Naches and Bumping River the name becomes simply the Naches River. The Naches and its tributaries drain a portion of the eastern side of the Cascade Range, east of Mount Rainier and northeast of Mount Adams. In terms of discharge, the Naches River is the largest tributary of the Yakima River.", "title": "Naches River" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Swift River is a river that begins in Yukon Territory and flows southwest into British Columbia to its mouth at the east side of Teslin Lake on the Teslin River system. The river drains the uppermost portion of the Cassiar Mountains and in its lower reaches traverses the Nisutlin Plateau, which lies along the east side of Teslin Lake north of the mouth of the Jennings River, which is to the south of the Swift.", "title": "Swift River (Teslin Lake)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Coxs Creek, a watercourse of the Cooks River catchment, is located in the Inner West of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Coxs Creek (Belfield, New South Wales)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cabramatta Creek, an urban watercourse of the Georges River catchment, is located in the south-western region of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Cabramatta Creek" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Darling Mills Creek, an urban watercourse that is part of the Parramatta River catchment, is located in Greater Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Darling Mills Creek" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visherka River () is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right tributary of the Kolva River. It is long, and its drainage basin covers . It flows out of lake Chusovskoe in the north of the Cherdynsky District near its border with the Komi Republic. Its mouth is upstream of the uninhabited village of Bogatyryovo, from the mouth of the Kolva River. Its most significant tributaries are:", "title": "Visherka River" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cup and Saucer Creek, an urban watercourse of the Cooks River catchment, is located in the Canterbury-Bankstown region of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Cup and Saucer Creek" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Little River, a watercourse that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Southern Highlands region of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Little River (Wingecarribee)" } ]	What is the mouth of the river which serves as the mouth of the Bumping River?	Yakima River	[]	Title: Toongabbie Creek Passage: Toongabbie Creek, an urban watercourse that is part of the Parramatta River catchment, is located in Greater Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Title: Cup and Saucer Creek Passage: Cup and Saucer Creek, an urban watercourse of the Cooks River catchment, is located in the Canterbury-Bankstown region of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia. Title: Lake Kyyjärvi Passage: Lake Kyyjärvi is a medium-sized lake in Finland. It is a starting point of the Saarijärvi Whitewater Route, a continuous watercourse in Central Finland. Title: Little River (Wingecarribee) Passage: The Little River, a watercourse that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Southern Highlands region of New South Wales, Australia. Title: Swift River (Teslin Lake) Passage: The Swift River is a river that begins in Yukon Territory and flows southwest into British Columbia to its mouth at the east side of Teslin Lake on the Teslin River system. The river drains the uppermost portion of the Cassiar Mountains and in its lower reaches traverses the Nisutlin Plateau, which lies along the east side of Teslin Lake north of the mouth of the Jennings River, which is to the south of the Swift. Title: Wolli Creek Passage: Wolli Creek () is an urban watercourse of the Cooks River catchment located in the southern suburbs of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia. Title: Coxs Creek (Belfield, New South Wales) Passage: Coxs Creek, a watercourse of the Cooks River catchment, is located in the Inner West of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia. Title: Cabramatta Creek Passage: Cabramatta Creek, an urban watercourse of the Georges River catchment, is located in the south-western region of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia. Title: Maryland River Passage: Maryland River is a watercourse of the Clarence River catchment in the Northern Tablelands district of New South Wales, Australia. Its upper reaches run close to the border between New South Wales and Queensland. Title: Lansdowne River Passage: Lansdowne River, a watercourse of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast district of New South Wales, Australia. Title: Plymouth Passage: The settlement of Plympton, further up the River Plym than the current Plymouth, was also an early trading port, but the river silted up in the early 11th century and forced the mariners and merchants to settle at the current day Barbican near the river mouth. At the time this village was called Sutton, meaning south town in Old English. The name Plym Mouth, meaning "mouth of the River Plym" was first mentioned in a Pipe Roll of 1211. The name Plymouth first officially replaced Sutton in a charter of King Henry VI in 1440. See Plympton for the derivation of the name Plym. Title: Rinža Passage: The Rinža (German: Rinse, Rinnse) is a river of Slovenia. It is long and flows through Kočevje. It is the main watercourse of the Kočevje Polje and it is a losing stream. A few kilometers downstream of Kočevje, it goes subterranean. It emerges again as the Bilpa, a tributary of the Kolpa. Title: Bumping River Passage: The Bumping River is a tributary of the Naches River, in Washington in the United States. It flows down the east side of the Cascade Range, through Wenatchee National Forest and the William O. Douglas Wilderness. From its source at Fish Lake near Crag Mountain, it flows northeast to Bumping Lake, a natural lake enlarged and regulated by Bumping Lake Dam. Below the dam, the Bumping River continues flowing northeast. It is joined by the American River, its main tributary, a few miles above its mouth where it joins the Little Naches River to form the Naches River. Title: Bardwell Creek Passage: Bardwell Creek, an urban watercourse of the Cooks River catchment, is located in the southern suburbs of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia. Title: Naches River Passage: The Naches River is a tributary of the Yakima River in central Washington in the United States. Beginning as the Little Naches River, it is about 75 miles (121 km) long. After the confluence of the Little Naches and Bumping River the name becomes simply the Naches River. The Naches and its tributaries drain a portion of the eastern side of the Cascade Range, east of Mount Rainier and northeast of Mount Adams. In terms of discharge, the Naches River is the largest tributary of the Yakima River. Title: Visherka River Passage: Visherka River () is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right tributary of the Kolva River. It is long, and its drainage basin covers . It flows out of lake Chusovskoe in the north of the Cherdynsky District near its border with the Komi Republic. Its mouth is upstream of the uninhabited village of Bogatyryovo, from the mouth of the Kolva River. Its most significant tributaries are: Title: Little Yoho River Passage: The Little Yoho River is a short river in British Columbia that flows east from Kiwetinok Lake, which is the highest named lake in Canada, and into the Yoho River about upstream from the mouth of the creek that Takakkaw Falls is on. It is probably best known for Laughing Falls, an impressive plunge just above the river’s mouth that is seen on the way to Twin Falls. Title: Doubtful Creek Passage: Doubtful Creek, formerly known as Doubtful River, a watercourse that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Snowy Mountains district of New South Wales, Australia. Title: Arado River Passage: Arado (plow) River in the north of Portugal. The river's source is the Gerês Mountain, and the mouth cascades into the Fafião river, (41°42'10.88"N; 8° 6'33.50"W), Fafião place, Cabril village, Montalegre municipality. From Arado cascate (41°43'25.53"N; 8° 7'46.98"W) till the mouth, runs . Title: Darling Mills Creek Passage: The Darling Mills Creek, an urban watercourse that is part of the Parramatta River catchment, is located in Greater Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.	[ "Bumping River", "Naches River" ]
2hop__611178_131968	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Plankton (singular plankter) are the diverse collection of organisms that live in the water column of large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current. They provide a crucial source of food to many large aquatic organisms, such as fish and whales.", "title": "Plankton" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alexey Andreyevich Chernyshyov (; b. March 29, 1939) is the governor of Orenburg Oblast, Russia. He is a member of the Agrarian Party of Russia. He became the head of the oblast government in 1999. Chernyshyov is active in promoting Russia-Kazakhstan trade as Orenburg Oblast shares a long border with Kazakhstan.", "title": "Alexey Chernyshyov" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Potamogeton amplifolius, commonly known as largeleaf pondweed or broad-leaved pondweed, is an aquatic plant of North America. It grows in water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and rivers, often in deep water.", "title": "Potamogeton amplifolius" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Bosworth is located in the Canadian Rockies on the border of Alberta and British Columbia. The mountain is situated immediately northwest of Kicking Horse Pass and straddles the shared border of Banff National Park with Yoho National Park. It was named in 1903 after George Morris Bosworth, an executive and long-time employee of the Canadian Pacific Railway.", "title": "Mount Bosworth" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean.", "title": "Geography of the United States" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Amman Governorate has the largest population of the 12 governorates of Jordan. It borders Zarqa Governorate to the north and north east, the governorates of Balqa and Madaba to the west, Karak and Ma'an governorates to the south. It also shares an international border with Saudi Arabia from the east.", "title": "Amman Governorate" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Smith Island is an island on the Chesapeake Bay, on the border of Maryland and Virginia territorial waters in the United States.", "title": "Smith Island, Maryland" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sea of Sardinia is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea between the Spanish archipelago of Balearic Islands and the Italian island of Sardinia.", "title": "Sea of Sardinia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Major Alfred Charles Leopold (Leo) Bennett, MBE born at West Norwood in London on 31 December 1914, and died at Thames Ditton, Surrey, on 24 September 1971, was a first-class cricketer who played for Northamptonshire for three seasons after the Second World War.", "title": "Leo Bennett" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Norway has a total area of and a population of 5,312,300 (as of August 2018). The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden (1,619 km or 1,006 mi long). Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, and the Skagerrak strait to the south, with Denmark on the other side. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. The maritime influence also dominates Norway's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts, whereas the interior, while colder, also is a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes. Even during polar night in the north, temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline. The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country.", "title": "Norway" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Walker Pond is a body of water in Sturbridge, Massachusetts, situated off Route 49 on the way to Wells State Park.", "title": "Walker Pond" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Poovathani is a small village bordering Malappuram and Palakkad Districts in Kerala, India. It is shared by three grama panchayaths: Thachanattukara, Aliparamba] and Thazhekode.", "title": "Poovathani" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Canada -- United States border (French: Frontière entre le Canada et les États - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary, is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.", "title": "Canada–United States border" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Rythe is a river or stream in north Surrey, England which is generally open and which is a natural woodland feature for approximately half of its course before being variously culverted and a suburban garden feature, passing between Thames Ditton and Long Ditton, then discharging into the Thames, its longest branch is the Arbrook which drains Arbrook Common, a woodland of the mainly wooded Esher Commons.", "title": "The Rythe" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River.", "title": "Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Thames Ditton is a suburban village by and on the River Thames, in the Elmbridge borough of Surrey, England. Apart from a large inhabited island in the river, it lies on the southern bank, centred 12.2 miles (19.6 km) southwest of Charing Cross in central London. Thames Ditton is just outside Greater London but within the Greater London Urban Area as defined by the Office for National Statistics. Its clustered village centre and shopping area on a winding High Street is surrounded by housing, schools and sports areas. Its riverside faces the Thames Path and Hampton Court Palace Gardens and golf course in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Its most commercial area is spread throughout its conservation area and contains restaurants, cafés, shops and businesses.", "title": "Thames Ditton" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The county lies in southern Hungary, on the border with Croatia. The River Drava forms part of its southern border, and the River Danube its eastern border. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Somogy, Tolna, and Bács-Kiskun. The capital of Baranya county is Pécs.", "title": "Baranya County" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Canada -- United States border (French: Frontière entre le Canada et les États - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary (French: Frontière internationale), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.", "title": "Canada–United States border" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Upper Klamath Lake (sometimes called Klamath Lake) (Klamath:? ews, ``lake '') is a large, shallow freshwater lake east of the Cascade Range in south - central Oregon in the United States. The largest body of fresh water by surface area in Oregon, it is approximately 25 miles (40 km) long and 8 miles (13 km) wide and extends northwest from the city of Klamath Falls. It sits at an average elevation of 4,140 feet (1,260 m).", "title": "Upper Klamath Lake" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mono Basin is an endorheic drainage basin located east of Yosemite National Park in California and Nevada. It is bordered to the west by the Sierra Nevada, to the east by the Cowtrack Mountains, to the north by the Bodie Hills, and to the south by the north ridge of the Long Valley Caldera.", "title": "Mono Basin" } ]	Which is the body of water by the village which borders Long Ditton?	River Thames	[]	Title: Leo Bennett Passage: Major Alfred Charles Leopold (Leo) Bennett, MBE born at West Norwood in London on 31 December 1914, and died at Thames Ditton, Surrey, on 24 September 1971, was a first-class cricketer who played for Northamptonshire for three seasons after the Second World War. Title: Amman Governorate Passage: The Amman Governorate has the largest population of the 12 governorates of Jordan. It borders Zarqa Governorate to the north and north east, the governorates of Balqa and Madaba to the west, Karak and Ma'an governorates to the south. It also shares an international border with Saudi Arabia from the east. Title: Potamogeton amplifolius Passage: Potamogeton amplifolius, commonly known as largeleaf pondweed or broad-leaved pondweed, is an aquatic plant of North America. It grows in water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and rivers, often in deep water. Title: Alexey Chernyshyov Passage: Alexey Andreyevich Chernyshyov (; b. March 29, 1939) is the governor of Orenburg Oblast, Russia. He is a member of the Agrarian Party of Russia. He became the head of the oblast government in 1999. Chernyshyov is active in promoting Russia-Kazakhstan trade as Orenburg Oblast shares a long border with Kazakhstan. Title: Walker Pond Passage: Walker Pond is a body of water in Sturbridge, Massachusetts, situated off Route 49 on the way to Wells State Park. Title: Mono Basin Passage: The Mono Basin is an endorheic drainage basin located east of Yosemite National Park in California and Nevada. It is bordered to the west by the Sierra Nevada, to the east by the Cowtrack Mountains, to the north by the Bodie Hills, and to the south by the north ridge of the Long Valley Caldera. Title: Thames Ditton Passage: Thames Ditton is a suburban village by and on the River Thames, in the Elmbridge borough of Surrey, England. Apart from a large inhabited island in the river, it lies on the southern bank, centred 12.2 miles (19.6 km) southwest of Charing Cross in central London. Thames Ditton is just outside Greater London but within the Greater London Urban Area as defined by the Office for National Statistics. Its clustered village centre and shopping area on a winding High Street is surrounded by housing, schools and sports areas. Its riverside faces the Thames Path and Hampton Court Palace Gardens and golf course in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Its most commercial area is spread throughout its conservation area and contains restaurants, cafés, shops and businesses. Title: Smith Island, Maryland Passage: Smith Island is an island on the Chesapeake Bay, on the border of Maryland and Virginia territorial waters in the United States. Title: Plankton Passage: Plankton (singular plankter) are the diverse collection of organisms that live in the water column of large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current. They provide a crucial source of food to many large aquatic organisms, such as fish and whales. Title: Canada–United States border Passage: The Canada -- United States border (French: Frontière entre le Canada et les États - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary (French: Frontière internationale), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border. Title: Upper Klamath Lake Passage: Upper Klamath Lake (sometimes called Klamath Lake) (Klamath:? ews, ``lake '') is a large, shallow freshwater lake east of the Cascade Range in south - central Oregon in the United States. The largest body of fresh water by surface area in Oregon, it is approximately 25 miles (40 km) long and 8 miles (13 km) wide and extends northwest from the city of Klamath Falls. It sits at an average elevation of 4,140 feet (1,260 m). Title: Norway Passage: Norway has a total area of and a population of 5,312,300 (as of August 2018). The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden (1,619 km or 1,006 mi long). Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, and the Skagerrak strait to the south, with Denmark on the other side. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. The maritime influence also dominates Norway's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts, whereas the interior, while colder, also is a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes. Even during polar night in the north, temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline. The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country. Title: Sea of Sardinia Passage: The Sea of Sardinia is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea between the Spanish archipelago of Balearic Islands and the Italian island of Sardinia. Title: Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire) Passage: Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River. Title: The Rythe Passage: The Rythe is a river or stream in north Surrey, England which is generally open and which is a natural woodland feature for approximately half of its course before being variously culverted and a suburban garden feature, passing between Thames Ditton and Long Ditton, then discharging into the Thames, its longest branch is the Arbrook which drains Arbrook Common, a woodland of the mainly wooded Esher Commons. Title: Baranya County Passage: The county lies in southern Hungary, on the border with Croatia. The River Drava forms part of its southern border, and the River Danube its eastern border. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Somogy, Tolna, and Bács-Kiskun. The capital of Baranya county is Pécs. Title: Mount Bosworth Passage: Mount Bosworth is located in the Canadian Rockies on the border of Alberta and British Columbia. The mountain is situated immediately northwest of Kicking Horse Pass and straddles the shared border of Banff National Park with Yoho National Park. It was named in 1903 after George Morris Bosworth, an executive and long-time employee of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Title: Canada–United States border Passage: The Canada -- United States border (French: Frontière entre le Canada et les États - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary, is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border. Title: Geography of the United States Passage: The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean. Title: Poovathani Passage: Poovathani is a small village bordering Malappuram and Palakkad Districts in Kerala, India. It is shared by three grama panchayaths: Thachanattukara, Aliparamba] and Thazhekode.	[ "The Rythe", "Thames Ditton" ]
2hop__72660_319330	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth gave birth to her first child, Prince Charles, on 14 November 1948. One month earlier, the King had issued letters patent allowing her children to use the style and title of a royal prince or princess, to which they otherwise would not have been entitled as their father was no longer a royal prince. A second child, Princess Anne, was born in 1950.", "title": "Elizabeth II" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the tradition of decorating the home with evergreens was long established, the custom of decorating an entire small tree was unknown in Britain until some two centuries ago. At the time of the personal union with Hanover, George III's German - born wife, Charlotte of Mecklenburg - Strelitz, introduced a Christmas tree at a party she gave for children in 1800. The custom did not at first spread much beyond the royal family. Queen Victoria as a child was familiar with it and a tree was placed in her room every Christmas. In her journal for Christmas Eve 1832, the delighted 13 - year - old princess wrote:", "title": "Christmas tree" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579, Holland and Zeeland were granted the right to accept only one religion (in practice, Calvinism). Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and that no person should be prosecuted based on religious choice. William of Orange had been a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion and hoped to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union, and, for him, the Union was a defeat. In practice, Catholic services in all provinces were quickly forbidden, and the Reformed Church became the \"public\" or \"privileged\" church in the Republic.", "title": "Dutch Republic" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lewis Addison Grant (January 17, 1828 – March 20, 1918) was a teacher, lawyer, soldier in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and later United States Assistant Secretary of War. He was among the leading officers from the state of Vermont, and received the Medal of Honor for \"personal gallantry and intrepidity.\"", "title": "Lewis A. Grant" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harold Homer Anderson (October 23, 1897 – February 9, 1990) was an American research professor of psychology at Michigan State University, who published on child psychology, clinical psychology, personality, and cross-national research.", "title": "Harold Homer Anderson" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pikler's third teacher was her own husband, a mathematician and educator through whose experiences she was confirmed in its development physiological considerations. They decided together, at the birth of her first child, to allow the child freedom of movement and to await her development patiently. At first they lived in Trieste and later in Budapest. In 1935 Pikler qualified as a pediatrician in Hungary. Their goal was to promote the healthy development of the child. From the experience with her daughter, she knew that a child must not be stimulated to movement and to games and that every detail in dealing with the child and their environment is important. Pikler wrote and gave lectures about the care and upbringing of infants and young children. She published her first book for parents in 1940 and it went through several editions in Hungary and other countries. The ten years that she worked as a family doctor were difficult for them not only because the family was Jewish, but also because her husband was in prison for political reasons from 1936 to 1945. With the help of the parents of the children she cared for, she and her family survived the persecution of Jews during World War II.", "title": "Emmi Pikler" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The origins of the earlier flag of Great Britain date back to 1606. James VI of Scotland had inherited the English and Irish thrones in 1603 as James I, thereby uniting the crowns of England, Scotland, and Ireland in a personal union, although the three kingdoms remained separate states. On 12 April 1606, a new flag to represent this regal union between England and Scotland was specified in a royal decree, according to which the flag of England (a red cross on a white background, known as St George's Cross), and the flag of Scotland (a white saltire on a blue background, known as the Saltire or St Andrew's Cross), would be joined together, forming the flag of England and Scotland for maritime purposes. King James also began to refer to a ``Kingdom of Great Britaine '', although the union remained a personal one.", "title": "Union Jack" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Addams' cartoons, which first appeared in The New Yorker, Wednesday and other members of the family had no names. When the characters were adapted to the 1964 television series, Charles Addams gave her the name ``Wednesday '', based on the well - known nursery rhyme line,`` Wednesday's child is full of woe''. She is the sister of Pugsley Addams (and, in the movie Addams Family Values, also the sister of Pubert Addams), and she is the only daughter of Gomez and Morticia Addams.", "title": "Wednesday Addams" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Neil Reid (born 1959) is a Scottish former child singing star, winner of ITV's Opportunity Knocks, and the holder of the title youngest person to reach number one on the UK Albums Chart.", "title": "Neil Reid" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lord Loss is the first novel in the \"Demonata\" series written by best-selling teenage horror author Darren Shan. It was originally published in the UK on 6 June 2005. Soon after, it appeared in Japan and America, where Shan's previous series, The Saga of Darren Shan, had sold millions. The novel is set in Ireland and is told in present tense first person through Grubbs Grady, a child whose family are all chess players.", "title": "Lord Loss" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The address fulfills rules in Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution, requiring the President to periodically ``give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient. ''During most of the country's first century, the President primarily only submitted a written report to Congress. After 1913, Woodrow Wilson, the 28th U.S. President, began the regular practice of delivering the address to Congress in person as a way to rally support for his agenda. With the advent of radio and television, the address is now broadcast live across the country on many networks.", "title": "State of the Union" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hagar (/ heɪˈɡɑːr / hay - GAR; Hebrew: הָגָר, Modern Hagar, Tiberian Hāgār, of uncertain origin Arabic: هاجر ‎ ‎ Hājar; Latin: Agar) is a biblical person in the Book of Genesis. She was an Egyptian handmaid of Sarai (Sarah), who gave her to Abraham to bear a child. The product of the union was Abraham's firstborn, Ishmael, the progenitor of the Ishmaelites. Various commentators have connected her to the Hagrites, perhaps as their eponymous ancestor.", "title": "Hagar" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 1 December 1918, the Act of Union, an agreement with Denmark, recognized Iceland as a fully sovereign state, an independent country in personal union with Denmark through a common monarch. The Kingdom of Iceland established its own flag and coat of arms and asked that Denmark represent its foreign affairs and defence interests on its behalf while retaining full control over its foreign affairs and defence. Iceland opened its first Embassy in 1920. The Act would be reviewed in 1940 and could be revoked three years later if agreement to continue it could not be reached.", "title": "Kingdom of Iceland" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The spiritual tradition of Dominic's Order is punctuated not only by charity, study and preaching, but also by instances of mystical union. The Dominican emphasis on learning and on charity distinguishes it from other monastic and mendicant orders. As the order first developed on the European continent, learning continued to be emphasized by these friars and their sisters in Christ. These religious also struggled for a deeply personal, intimate relationship with God. When the order reached England, many of these attributes were kept, but the English gave the order additional, specialized characteristics. This topic is discussed below.", "title": "Dominican Order" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians. What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, and later part of the Southwest Territory. Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1, 1796. Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the U.S. Civil War in 1861. Occupied by Union forces from 1862, it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war.", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre (August 28, 1887 – January 15, 1933) was a daughter of US President Woodrow Wilson and Ellen Louise Axson. She was a political activist, and \"She worked vigorously for women's suffrage, social issues, and to promote her father's call for a League of Nations, and emerged as a force in the Massachusetts Democratic Party.\"", "title": "Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Data Protection Directive (officially Directive 95/46/EC on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data (PII (US)) and on the free movement of such data) was a European Union directive adopted in 1995 which regulates the processing of personal data within the European Union. It is an important component of EU privacy and human rights law.", "title": "Data Protection Directive" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) is a United States labor law requiring covered employers to provide employees with job - protected and unpaid leave for qualified medical and family reasons. These include pregnancy, adoption, foster care placement of a child, personal or family illness, or family military leave. The FMLA is administered by the Wage and Hour Division of the United States Department of Labor.", "title": "Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gone Tomorrow is the thirteenth book in the Jack Reacher series written by Lee Child. It was published on 23 April 2009 in the United Kingdom and 19 May 2009 in the USA. It is written in the first person.", "title": "Gone Tomorrow" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopold, with the aid of the new anaesthetic, chloroform. Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who considered it against biblical teaching, and members of the medical profession, who thought it dangerous. Victoria may have suffered from post-natal depression after many of her pregnancies. Letters from Albert to Victoria intermittently complain of her loss of self-control. For example, about a month after Leopold's birth Albert complained in a letter to Victoria about her \"continuance of hysterics\" over a \"miserable trifle\".", "title": "Queen Victoria" } ]	Who is the child of the first person who gave in person state of the union?	Jessie Woodrow Wilson	[ "Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre" ]	Title: Christmas tree Passage: Although the tradition of decorating the home with evergreens was long established, the custom of decorating an entire small tree was unknown in Britain until some two centuries ago. At the time of the personal union with Hanover, George III's German - born wife, Charlotte of Mecklenburg - Strelitz, introduced a Christmas tree at a party she gave for children in 1800. The custom did not at first spread much beyond the royal family. Queen Victoria as a child was familiar with it and a tree was placed in her room every Christmas. In her journal for Christmas Eve 1832, the delighted 13 - year - old princess wrote: Title: Dutch Republic Passage: In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579, Holland and Zeeland were granted the right to accept only one religion (in practice, Calvinism). Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and that no person should be prosecuted based on religious choice. William of Orange had been a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion and hoped to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union, and, for him, the Union was a defeat. In practice, Catholic services in all provinces were quickly forbidden, and the Reformed Church became the "public" or "privileged" church in the Republic. Title: Neil Reid Passage: Neil Reid (born 1959) is a Scottish former child singing star, winner of ITV's Opportunity Knocks, and the holder of the title youngest person to reach number one on the UK Albums Chart. Title: Lewis A. Grant Passage: Lewis Addison Grant (January 17, 1828 – March 20, 1918) was a teacher, lawyer, soldier in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and later United States Assistant Secretary of War. He was among the leading officers from the state of Vermont, and received the Medal of Honor for "personal gallantry and intrepidity." Title: Data Protection Directive Passage: The Data Protection Directive (officially Directive 95/46/EC on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data (PII (US)) and on the free movement of such data) was a European Union directive adopted in 1995 which regulates the processing of personal data within the European Union. It is an important component of EU privacy and human rights law. Title: Hagar Passage: Hagar (/ heɪˈɡɑːr / hay - GAR; Hebrew: הָגָר, Modern Hagar, Tiberian Hāgār, of uncertain origin Arabic: هاجر ‎ ‎ Hājar; Latin: Agar) is a biblical person in the Book of Genesis. She was an Egyptian handmaid of Sarai (Sarah), who gave her to Abraham to bear a child. The product of the union was Abraham's firstborn, Ishmael, the progenitor of the Ishmaelites. Various commentators have connected her to the Hagrites, perhaps as their eponymous ancestor. Title: State of the Union Passage: The address fulfills rules in Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution, requiring the President to periodically ``give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient. ''During most of the country's first century, the President primarily only submitted a written report to Congress. After 1913, Woodrow Wilson, the 28th U.S. President, began the regular practice of delivering the address to Congress in person as a way to rally support for his agenda. With the advent of radio and television, the address is now broadcast live across the country on many networks. Title: Kingdom of Iceland Passage: On 1 December 1918, the Act of Union, an agreement with Denmark, recognized Iceland as a fully sovereign state, an independent country in personal union with Denmark through a common monarch. The Kingdom of Iceland established its own flag and coat of arms and asked that Denmark represent its foreign affairs and defence interests on its behalf while retaining full control over its foreign affairs and defence. Iceland opened its first Embassy in 1920. The Act would be reviewed in 1940 and could be revoked three years later if agreement to continue it could not be reached. Title: Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre Passage: Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre (August 28, 1887 – January 15, 1933) was a daughter of US President Woodrow Wilson and Ellen Louise Axson. She was a political activist, and "She worked vigorously for women's suffrage, social issues, and to promote her father's call for a League of Nations, and emerged as a force in the Massachusetts Democratic Party." Title: Harold Homer Anderson Passage: Harold Homer Anderson (October 23, 1897 – February 9, 1990) was an American research professor of psychology at Michigan State University, who published on child psychology, clinical psychology, personality, and cross-national research. Title: Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 Passage: The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) is a United States labor law requiring covered employers to provide employees with job - protected and unpaid leave for qualified medical and family reasons. These include pregnancy, adoption, foster care placement of a child, personal or family illness, or family military leave. The FMLA is administered by the Wage and Hour Division of the United States Department of Labor. Title: Tennessee Passage: The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians. What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, and later part of the Southwest Territory. Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1, 1796. Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the U.S. Civil War in 1861. Occupied by Union forces from 1862, it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war. Title: Lord Loss Passage: Lord Loss is the first novel in the "Demonata" series written by best-selling teenage horror author Darren Shan. It was originally published in the UK on 6 June 2005. Soon after, it appeared in Japan and America, where Shan's previous series, The Saga of Darren Shan, had sold millions. The novel is set in Ireland and is told in present tense first person through Grubbs Grady, a child whose family are all chess players. Title: Gone Tomorrow Passage: Gone Tomorrow is the thirteenth book in the Jack Reacher series written by Lee Child. It was published on 23 April 2009 in the United Kingdom and 19 May 2009 in the USA. It is written in the first person. Title: Union Jack Passage: The origins of the earlier flag of Great Britain date back to 1606. James VI of Scotland had inherited the English and Irish thrones in 1603 as James I, thereby uniting the crowns of England, Scotland, and Ireland in a personal union, although the three kingdoms remained separate states. On 12 April 1606, a new flag to represent this regal union between England and Scotland was specified in a royal decree, according to which the flag of England (a red cross on a white background, known as St George's Cross), and the flag of Scotland (a white saltire on a blue background, known as the Saltire or St Andrew's Cross), would be joined together, forming the flag of England and Scotland for maritime purposes. King James also began to refer to a ``Kingdom of Great Britaine '', although the union remained a personal one. Title: Queen Victoria Passage: In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopold, with the aid of the new anaesthetic, chloroform. Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who considered it against biblical teaching, and members of the medical profession, who thought it dangerous. Victoria may have suffered from post-natal depression after many of her pregnancies. Letters from Albert to Victoria intermittently complain of her loss of self-control. For example, about a month after Leopold's birth Albert complained in a letter to Victoria about her "continuance of hysterics" over a "miserable trifle". Title: Dominican Order Passage: The spiritual tradition of Dominic's Order is punctuated not only by charity, study and preaching, but also by instances of mystical union. The Dominican emphasis on learning and on charity distinguishes it from other monastic and mendicant orders. As the order first developed on the European continent, learning continued to be emphasized by these friars and their sisters in Christ. These religious also struggled for a deeply personal, intimate relationship with God. When the order reached England, many of these attributes were kept, but the English gave the order additional, specialized characteristics. This topic is discussed below. Title: Elizabeth II Passage: Elizabeth gave birth to her first child, Prince Charles, on 14 November 1948. One month earlier, the King had issued letters patent allowing her children to use the style and title of a royal prince or princess, to which they otherwise would not have been entitled as their father was no longer a royal prince. A second child, Princess Anne, was born in 1950. Title: Emmi Pikler Passage: Pikler's third teacher was her own husband, a mathematician and educator through whose experiences she was confirmed in its development physiological considerations. They decided together, at the birth of her first child, to allow the child freedom of movement and to await her development patiently. At first they lived in Trieste and later in Budapest. In 1935 Pikler qualified as a pediatrician in Hungary. Their goal was to promote the healthy development of the child. From the experience with her daughter, she knew that a child must not be stimulated to movement and to games and that every detail in dealing with the child and their environment is important. Pikler wrote and gave lectures about the care and upbringing of infants and young children. She published her first book for parents in 1940 and it went through several editions in Hungary and other countries. The ten years that she worked as a family doctor were difficult for them not only because the family was Jewish, but also because her husband was in prison for political reasons from 1936 to 1945. With the help of the parents of the children she cared for, she and her family survived the persecution of Jews during World War II. Title: Wednesday Addams Passage: In Addams' cartoons, which first appeared in The New Yorker, Wednesday and other members of the family had no names. When the characters were adapted to the 1964 television series, Charles Addams gave her the name ``Wednesday '', based on the well - known nursery rhyme line,`` Wednesday's child is full of woe''. She is the sister of Pugsley Addams (and, in the movie Addams Family Values, also the sister of Pubert Addams), and she is the only daughter of Gomez and Morticia Addams.	[ "State of the Union", "Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre" ]
2hop__157737_46621	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kuiper belt (/ ˈkaɪpər / or Dutch pronunciation: ('kœy̯pər)), occasionally called the Edgeworth -- Kuiper belt, is a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System, extending from the orbit of Neptune (at 30 AU) to approximately 50 AU from the Sun. It is similar to the asteroid belt, but is far larger -- 20 times as wide and 20 to 200 times as massive. Like the asteroid belt, it consists mainly of small bodies or remnants from when the Solar System formed. While many asteroids are composed primarily of rock and metal, most Kuiper belt objects are composed largely of frozen volatiles (termed ``ices ''), such as methane, ammonia and water. The Kuiper belt is home to three officially recognized dwarf planets: Pluto, Haumea and Makemake. Some of the Solar System's moons, such as Neptune's Triton and Saturn's Phoebe, may have originated in the region.", "title": "Kuiper belt" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The galactic year, also known as a cosmic year, is the duration of time required for the Sun to orbit once around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. Estimates of the length of one orbit range from 225 to 250 million terrestrial years. The Solar System is traveling at an average speed of 828,000 km / h (230 km / s) or 514,000 mph (143 mi / s) within its trajectory around the galactic center, a speed at which an object could circumnavigate the Earth's equator in 2 minutes and 54 seconds; that speed corresponds to approximately one 1300th of the speed of light.", "title": "Galactic year" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kepler-10c is an exoplanet orbiting the G-type star Kepler-10, located around 568 light-years away in Draco. Its discovery was announced by Kepler in May 2011, although it had been seen as a planetary candidate since January 2011, when Kepler-10b was discovered. The team confirmed the observation using data from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope and a technique called Blender that ruled out most false positives. Kepler-10c was the third transiting planet to be confirmed statistically (based on probability rather than actual observation), after Kepler-9d and Kepler-11g. The Kepler team considers the statistical method that led to the discovery of Kepler-10c as what will be necessary to confirm many planets in Kepler's field of view.", "title": "Kepler-10c" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Newton's First Law of Motion states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force or resultant force. This law is an extension of Galileo's insight that constant velocity was associated with a lack of net force (see a more detailed description of this below). Newton proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia that functions as the fundamental equilibrium \"natural state\" in place of the Aristotelian idea of the \"natural state of rest\". That is, the first law contradicts the intuitive Aristotelian belief that a net force is required to keep an object moving with constant velocity. By making rest physically indistinguishable from non-zero constant velocity, Newton's First Law directly connects inertia with the concept of relative velocities. Specifically, in systems where objects are moving with different velocities, it is impossible to determine which object is \"in motion\" and which object is \"at rest\". In other words, to phrase matters more technically, the laws of physics are the same in every inertial frame of reference, that is, in all frames related by a Galilean transformation.", "title": "Force" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The galactic year, also known as a cosmic year, is the duration of time required for the Sun to orbit once around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. Estimates of the length of one orbit range from 225 to 250 million terrestrial years. The Solar System is traveling at an average speed of 828,000 km / h (230 km / s) or 514,000 mph (143 mi / s) within its trajectory around the galactic center, a speed at which an object could circumnavigate the Earth's equator in 2 minutes and 54 seconds; that speed corresponds to approximately 1 / 1300 of the speed of light.", "title": "Galactic year" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. The concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant. A wide range of concentrating technologies exists; the most developed are the parabolic trough, the concentrating linear fresnel reflector, the Stirling dish and the solar power tower. Various techniques are used to track the Sun and focus light. In all of these systems a working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight, and is then used for power generation or energy storage.", "title": "Solar energy" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NGC 210 is a barred spiral galaxy located roughly 67 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered on October 3, 1785 by William Herschel and later added to the New General Catalogue.", "title": "NGC 210" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are 69 known moons of Jupiter. This gives Jupiter the largest number of moons with reasonably stable orbits of any planet in the Solar System. The most massive of the moons are the four Galilean moons, which were independently discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius and were the first objects found to orbit a body that was neither Earth nor the Sun. From the end of the 19th century, dozens of much smaller Jovian moons have been discovered and have received the names of lovers or daughters of the Roman god Jupiter or his Greek equivalent Zeus. The Galilean moons are by far the largest and most massive objects to orbit Jupiter, with the remaining 65 known moons and the rings together comprising just 0.003% of the total orbiting mass.", "title": "Moons of Jupiter" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Heliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System. Historically, Heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the 3rd century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, but at least in the medieval world, Aristarchus's Heliocentrism attracted little attention -- possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic Era.", "title": "Heliocentrism" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For many thousands of years, astronomers maintained a geocentric world view and did not recognize the existence of a Solar System. Most believed Earth was stationary at the center of the Universe and categorically different from the divine or ethereal objects that moved through the sky. Although the Greek philosopher Aristarchus of Samos had speculated on a heliocentric reordering of the cosmos, Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century developed a mathematically predictive heliocentric system. His 17th - century successors, Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, and Isaac Newton, developed a modern understanding of physics that led to the gradual acceptance of the idea that Earth moves around the Sun and that the planets are governed by the same physical laws that govern Earth. In more recent times, this led to the investigation of geological phenomena such as mountains and craters and seasonal meteorological phenomena such as clouds, dust storms, and ice caps on the other planets.", "title": "Discovery and exploration of the Solar System" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kepler's laws of planetary motion describe the orbits of objects about the Sun. Following Kepler's laws, each object travels along an ellipse with the Sun at one focus. Objects closer to the Sun (with smaller semi-major axes) travel more quickly because they are more affected by the Sun's gravity. On an elliptical orbit, a body's distance from the Sun varies over the course of its year. A body's closest approach to the Sun is called its perihelion, whereas its most distant point from the Sun is called its aphelion. The orbits of the planets are nearly circular, but many comets, asteroids, and Kuiper belt objects follow highly elliptical orbits. The positions of the bodies in the Solar System can be predicted using numerical models.", "title": "Solar System" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wilhelm Schickard (22 April 1592 – 24 October 1635) was a German professor of Hebrew and Astronomy who became famous in the second part of the 20th century after Dr. Franz Hammer, a biographer (along with Max Caspar) of Johannes Kepler, claimed that the drawings of a calculating clock, predating the public release of Pascal's calculator by twenty years, had been discovered in two unknown letters written by Schickard to Johannes Kepler in 1623 and 1624.", "title": "Wilhelm Schickard" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Most planetary orbits are nearly circular, and careful observation and calculation are required in order to establish that they are not perfectly circular. Calculations of the orbit of Mars, whose published values are somewhat suspect, indicated an elliptical orbit. From this, Johannes Kepler inferred that other bodies in the Solar System, including those farther away from the Sun, also have elliptical orbits.", "title": "Kepler's laws of planetary motion" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 14 December 2017, NASA and Google announced the discovery of an eighth planet, Kepler - 90i, in the Kepler - 90 system: the discovery was made using a new machine learning method developed by Google.", "title": "Kepler-90" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles Thomas Kowal (November 8, 1940 – November 28, 2011) was an American astronomer known for his observations and discoveries in the Solar System. As a staff astronomer at Caltech's Mount Wilson and Palomar Mountain observatories between 1961 and 1984, he found the first of a new class of Solar System objects, the centaurs, discovered two moons of the planet Jupiter, and discovered or co-discovered a number of asteroids, comets and supernovae. He was awarded the James Craig Watson Medal for his contributions to astronomy in 1979.", "title": "Charles T. Kowal" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "GD 40 is a white dwarf in the constellation Cetus. The star's spectrum has been found to show traces of external of metal contamination due to disruption of an extrasolar dwarf planet or an asteroid. The disrupted object should have had roughly the same mass of the Solar System asteroid 3 Juno.", "title": "GD 40" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The assumption that black-body radiation is thermal leads to an accurate prediction: the total amount of emitted energy goes up with the temperature according to a definite rule, the Stefan–Boltzmann law (1879–84). But it was also known that the colour of the light given off by a hot object changes with the temperature, so that \"white hot\" is hotter than \"red hot\". Nevertheless, Wilhelm Wien discovered the mathematical relationship between the peaks of the curves at different temperatures, by using the principle of adiabatic invariance. At each different temperature, the curve is moved over by Wien's displacement law (1893). Wien also proposed an approximation for the spectrum of the object, which was correct at high frequencies (short wavelength) but not at low frequencies (long wavelength). It still was not clear why the spectrum of a hot object had the form that it has (see diagram).", "title": "Planck constant" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Valles Marineris (Latin for \"Mariner Valleys\", named after the \"Mariner 9\" Mars orbiter of 1971–72 which discovered it) is a system of canyons that runs along the Martian surface east of the Tharsis region. At more than long, wide and up to deep, Valles Marineris is one of the largest canyons of the Solar System, surpassed in length only by the rift valleys of Earth.", "title": "Valles Marineris" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kepler-4 is a sunlike star located about 1610 light-years away in the constellation Draco. It is in the field of view of the Kepler Mission, a NASA operation purposed with finding Earth-like planets. Kepler-4b, a Neptune-sized planet that orbits extremely close to its star, was discovered in its orbit and made public by the Kepler team on January 4, 2010. Kepler-4b was the first discovery by the Kepler satellite, and its confirmation helped to demonstrate the spacecraft's effectiveness.", "title": "Kepler-4" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kepler-452b (a planet sometimes quoted to be an Earth 2.0 or Earth's Cousin based on its characteristics; known sometimes as Coruscant by NASA, also known by its Kepler Object of Interest designation KOI-7016.01) is an exoplanet orbiting the Sun-like star Kepler-452 about 1,402 light-years (430 pc) from Earth in the constellation Cygnus. It was identified by the Kepler space telescope, and its discovery was announced by NASA on 23 July 2015. However, a study in 2018 by Mullally et al. implied that statistically, Kepler-452b has not been proven to exist and must still be considered a candidate. It is the first potentially rocky super-Earth planet discovered orbiting within the habitable zone of a star very similar to the Sun.The planet is about 1,400 light-years away from the Solar System. At the speed of the New Horizons spacecraft, about 59,000 km/h (37,000 mph), it would take approximately 26 million years to get there.", "title": "Kepler-452b" } ]	When was the celestial body that all objects focus on according to Kepler's laws discovered to be the center of the solar system?	as early as the 3rd century BC	[]	Title: Charles T. Kowal Passage: Charles Thomas Kowal (November 8, 1940 – November 28, 2011) was an American astronomer known for his observations and discoveries in the Solar System. As a staff astronomer at Caltech's Mount Wilson and Palomar Mountain observatories between 1961 and 1984, he found the first of a new class of Solar System objects, the centaurs, discovered two moons of the planet Jupiter, and discovered or co-discovered a number of asteroids, comets and supernovae. He was awarded the James Craig Watson Medal for his contributions to astronomy in 1979. Title: Planck constant Passage: The assumption that black-body radiation is thermal leads to an accurate prediction: the total amount of emitted energy goes up with the temperature according to a definite rule, the Stefan–Boltzmann law (1879–84). But it was also known that the colour of the light given off by a hot object changes with the temperature, so that "white hot" is hotter than "red hot". Nevertheless, Wilhelm Wien discovered the mathematical relationship between the peaks of the curves at different temperatures, by using the principle of adiabatic invariance. At each different temperature, the curve is moved over by Wien's displacement law (1893). Wien also proposed an approximation for the spectrum of the object, which was correct at high frequencies (short wavelength) but not at low frequencies (long wavelength). It still was not clear why the spectrum of a hot object had the form that it has (see diagram). Title: Wilhelm Schickard Passage: Wilhelm Schickard (22 April 1592 – 24 October 1635) was a German professor of Hebrew and Astronomy who became famous in the second part of the 20th century after Dr. Franz Hammer, a biographer (along with Max Caspar) of Johannes Kepler, claimed that the drawings of a calculating clock, predating the public release of Pascal's calculator by twenty years, had been discovered in two unknown letters written by Schickard to Johannes Kepler in 1623 and 1624. Title: Galactic year Passage: The galactic year, also known as a cosmic year, is the duration of time required for the Sun to orbit once around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. Estimates of the length of one orbit range from 225 to 250 million terrestrial years. The Solar System is traveling at an average speed of 828,000 km / h (230 km / s) or 514,000 mph (143 mi / s) within its trajectory around the galactic center, a speed at which an object could circumnavigate the Earth's equator in 2 minutes and 54 seconds; that speed corresponds to approximately 1 / 1300 of the speed of light. Title: Kepler-4 Passage: Kepler-4 is a sunlike star located about 1610 light-years away in the constellation Draco. It is in the field of view of the Kepler Mission, a NASA operation purposed with finding Earth-like planets. Kepler-4b, a Neptune-sized planet that orbits extremely close to its star, was discovered in its orbit and made public by the Kepler team on January 4, 2010. Kepler-4b was the first discovery by the Kepler satellite, and its confirmation helped to demonstrate the spacecraft's effectiveness. Title: Solar energy Passage: Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. The concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant. A wide range of concentrating technologies exists; the most developed are the parabolic trough, the concentrating linear fresnel reflector, the Stirling dish and the solar power tower. Various techniques are used to track the Sun and focus light. In all of these systems a working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight, and is then used for power generation or energy storage. Title: Kepler-10c Passage: Kepler-10c is an exoplanet orbiting the G-type star Kepler-10, located around 568 light-years away in Draco. Its discovery was announced by Kepler in May 2011, although it had been seen as a planetary candidate since January 2011, when Kepler-10b was discovered. The team confirmed the observation using data from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope and a technique called Blender that ruled out most false positives. Kepler-10c was the third transiting planet to be confirmed statistically (based on probability rather than actual observation), after Kepler-9d and Kepler-11g. The Kepler team considers the statistical method that led to the discovery of Kepler-10c as what will be necessary to confirm many planets in Kepler's field of view. Title: GD 40 Passage: GD 40 is a white dwarf in the constellation Cetus. The star's spectrum has been found to show traces of external of metal contamination due to disruption of an extrasolar dwarf planet or an asteroid. The disrupted object should have had roughly the same mass of the Solar System asteroid 3 Juno. Title: Moons of Jupiter Passage: There are 69 known moons of Jupiter. This gives Jupiter the largest number of moons with reasonably stable orbits of any planet in the Solar System. The most massive of the moons are the four Galilean moons, which were independently discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius and were the first objects found to orbit a body that was neither Earth nor the Sun. From the end of the 19th century, dozens of much smaller Jovian moons have been discovered and have received the names of lovers or daughters of the Roman god Jupiter or his Greek equivalent Zeus. The Galilean moons are by far the largest and most massive objects to orbit Jupiter, with the remaining 65 known moons and the rings together comprising just 0.003% of the total orbiting mass. Title: Kepler-90 Passage: On 14 December 2017, NASA and Google announced the discovery of an eighth planet, Kepler - 90i, in the Kepler - 90 system: the discovery was made using a new machine learning method developed by Google. Title: Discovery and exploration of the Solar System Passage: For many thousands of years, astronomers maintained a geocentric world view and did not recognize the existence of a Solar System. Most believed Earth was stationary at the center of the Universe and categorically different from the divine or ethereal objects that moved through the sky. Although the Greek philosopher Aristarchus of Samos had speculated on a heliocentric reordering of the cosmos, Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century developed a mathematically predictive heliocentric system. His 17th - century successors, Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, and Isaac Newton, developed a modern understanding of physics that led to the gradual acceptance of the idea that Earth moves around the Sun and that the planets are governed by the same physical laws that govern Earth. In more recent times, this led to the investigation of geological phenomena such as mountains and craters and seasonal meteorological phenomena such as clouds, dust storms, and ice caps on the other planets. Title: Valles Marineris Passage: Valles Marineris (Latin for "Mariner Valleys", named after the "Mariner 9" Mars orbiter of 1971–72 which discovered it) is a system of canyons that runs along the Martian surface east of the Tharsis region. At more than long, wide and up to deep, Valles Marineris is one of the largest canyons of the Solar System, surpassed in length only by the rift valleys of Earth. Title: Kepler-452b Passage: Kepler-452b (a planet sometimes quoted to be an Earth 2.0 or Earth's Cousin based on its characteristics; known sometimes as Coruscant by NASA, also known by its Kepler Object of Interest designation KOI-7016.01) is an exoplanet orbiting the Sun-like star Kepler-452 about 1,402 light-years (430 pc) from Earth in the constellation Cygnus. It was identified by the Kepler space telescope, and its discovery was announced by NASA on 23 July 2015. However, a study in 2018 by Mullally et al. implied that statistically, Kepler-452b has not been proven to exist and must still be considered a candidate. It is the first potentially rocky super-Earth planet discovered orbiting within the habitable zone of a star very similar to the Sun.The planet is about 1,400 light-years away from the Solar System. At the speed of the New Horizons spacecraft, about 59,000 km/h (37,000 mph), it would take approximately 26 million years to get there. Title: Force Passage: Newton's First Law of Motion states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force or resultant force. This law is an extension of Galileo's insight that constant velocity was associated with a lack of net force (see a more detailed description of this below). Newton proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia that functions as the fundamental equilibrium "natural state" in place of the Aristotelian idea of the "natural state of rest". That is, the first law contradicts the intuitive Aristotelian belief that a net force is required to keep an object moving with constant velocity. By making rest physically indistinguishable from non-zero constant velocity, Newton's First Law directly connects inertia with the concept of relative velocities. Specifically, in systems where objects are moving with different velocities, it is impossible to determine which object is "in motion" and which object is "at rest". In other words, to phrase matters more technically, the laws of physics are the same in every inertial frame of reference, that is, in all frames related by a Galilean transformation. Title: Galactic year Passage: The galactic year, also known as a cosmic year, is the duration of time required for the Sun to orbit once around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. Estimates of the length of one orbit range from 225 to 250 million terrestrial years. The Solar System is traveling at an average speed of 828,000 km / h (230 km / s) or 514,000 mph (143 mi / s) within its trajectory around the galactic center, a speed at which an object could circumnavigate the Earth's equator in 2 minutes and 54 seconds; that speed corresponds to approximately one 1300th of the speed of light. Title: Solar System Passage: Kepler's laws of planetary motion describe the orbits of objects about the Sun. Following Kepler's laws, each object travels along an ellipse with the Sun at one focus. Objects closer to the Sun (with smaller semi-major axes) travel more quickly because they are more affected by the Sun's gravity. On an elliptical orbit, a body's distance from the Sun varies over the course of its year. A body's closest approach to the Sun is called its perihelion, whereas its most distant point from the Sun is called its aphelion. The orbits of the planets are nearly circular, but many comets, asteroids, and Kuiper belt objects follow highly elliptical orbits. The positions of the bodies in the Solar System can be predicted using numerical models. Title: Kuiper belt Passage: The Kuiper belt (/ ˈkaɪpər / or Dutch pronunciation: ('kœy̯pər)), occasionally called the Edgeworth -- Kuiper belt, is a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System, extending from the orbit of Neptune (at 30 AU) to approximately 50 AU from the Sun. It is similar to the asteroid belt, but is far larger -- 20 times as wide and 20 to 200 times as massive. Like the asteroid belt, it consists mainly of small bodies or remnants from when the Solar System formed. While many asteroids are composed primarily of rock and metal, most Kuiper belt objects are composed largely of frozen volatiles (termed ``ices ''), such as methane, ammonia and water. The Kuiper belt is home to three officially recognized dwarf planets: Pluto, Haumea and Makemake. Some of the Solar System's moons, such as Neptune's Triton and Saturn's Phoebe, may have originated in the region. Title: Kepler's laws of planetary motion Passage: Most planetary orbits are nearly circular, and careful observation and calculation are required in order to establish that they are not perfectly circular. Calculations of the orbit of Mars, whose published values are somewhat suspect, indicated an elliptical orbit. From this, Johannes Kepler inferred that other bodies in the Solar System, including those farther away from the Sun, also have elliptical orbits. Title: Heliocentrism Passage: Heliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System. Historically, Heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the 3rd century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, but at least in the medieval world, Aristarchus's Heliocentrism attracted little attention -- possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic Era. Title: NGC 210 Passage: NGC 210 is a barred spiral galaxy located roughly 67 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered on October 3, 1785 by William Herschel and later added to the New General Catalogue.	[ "Heliocentrism", "Solar System" ]
2hop__132929_684936	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I on 31 December 1600, making it the oldest among several similarly formed European East India Companies. Wealthy merchants and aristocrats owned the company's shares. Initially the government owned no shares and had only indirect control.", "title": "East India Company" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "American Stores Company was an American public corporation and a holding company which ran chains of supermarkets and drugstores in the United States from 1917 through 1999. The company was incorporated in 1917 when The Acme Tea Company merged with four small Philadelphia, Pennsylvania area grocery stores \"(Childs, George Dunlap, Bell Company,\" and \"A House That Quality Built)\" to form American Stores. In the following eight decades, the company would expand to 1,575 food and drugstores in 38 states with $20 billion in annual sales in 1998.", "title": "American Stores" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Unbeliever is a 1918 American silent propaganda film made towards the end of World War I. It was directed by Alan Crosland for the Edison Company towards its last days as a functioning film-making company. It stars Raymond McKee and Marguerite Courtot, who married a few years later, and Eric von Stroheim.", "title": "The Unbeliever" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons is classified as homebrewing regardless of where it is made, though most homebrewed beer is made in the home. Brewing beer is subject to legislation and taxation in developed countries, which from the late 19th century largely restricted brewing to a commercial operation only. However, the UK government relaxed legislation in 1963, followed by Australia in 1972 and the US in 1978, allowing homebrewing to become a popular hobby.", "title": "Beer" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tianjin Port (Group) Company (TPG) is the main operator of the Port of Tianjin. It was established in 2004 by the incorporation of the Tianjin Port Authority, part of the process in China of making port authorities into autonomous corporations. It has been a top 500 company in China since 2004.", "title": "Tianjin Port (Group) Company" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Soldiers Live is the ninth novel in Glen Cook's ongoing series, The Black Company. The series combines elements of epic fantasy and dark fantasy as it follows an elite mercenary unit, The Black Company, through roughly forty years of its approximately four hundred year history.", "title": "Soldiers Live" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vestergaard is a company headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland that manufactures public health tools for people in developing countries. Founded as Vestergaard Frandsen in 1957 as a uniform maker, the company evolved into a social enterprise making products for humanitarian aid in the 1990s. It is now best known for inventing the LifeStraw water filter and the PermaNet mosquito net.", "title": "Vestergaard Frandsen" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hirox (ハイロックス) is a lens company in Tokyo, Japan that created the first digital microscope in 1985. This company is now known as Hirox Co Ltd. Hirox's main industry is digital microscopes, but still makes the lenses for a variety of items including rangefinders.", "title": "Hirox" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2005, JC Entertainment pulled out of the development of \"Shenmue Online\", and as they owned 50% of the properties of \"Shenmue Online\", there was legal debate over who had the rights to the game. However, in November 2005, it was confirmed in an interview with Yu Suzuki that even though the Korean company JCE had announced their withdrawal from development, since Shenmue Online is a Sega venture, they would fulfil their duty of completing it. Yu said despite the internet rumours, development was well on its way and following their original goals and target. He added that Sega Sammy would make an official announcement about its progress in the future.", "title": "Shenmue Online" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1657, Oliver Cromwell granted the English East India Company a charter to govern Saint Helena and the following year the company decided to fortify the island and colonise it with planters. The first governor, Captain John Dutton, arrived in 1659, making Saint Helena one of Britain's oldest colonies outside North America and the Caribbean. A fort and houses were built. After the Restoration of the English monarchy in 1660, the East India Company received a royal charter giving it the sole right to fortify and colonise the island. The fort was renamed James Fort and the town Jamestown, in honour of the Duke of York, later James II of England.", "title": "Saint Helena" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Companies including Gap, Primark, Monsanto have been criticised for child labour in their products. The companies claim they have strict policies against selling products made by underage children, but there are many links in a supply chain making it difficult to oversee them all. In 2011, after three years of Primark's effort, BBC acknowledged that its award-winning investigative journalism report of Indian child labour use by Primark was a fake. The BBC apologised to Primark, to Indian suppliers and all its viewers. Another company that has come under much scrutiny was Nike. Nike was under pressure to speak up about alleged sweatshops that harbored children that the company was exploiting to make their sneakers. Since then Nike has come out with a separate web page that specifically points out where they get their products from and where their products are manufactured.", "title": "Child labour in India" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Farmington Canal Trail is a rail trail that will eventually run continuously from downtown New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts. The scenic trail follows the path of the historic New Haven and Northampton Company and the Farmington Canal. Currently, there is a continuous 14-mile (23 km) stretch of the trail from downtown, through Hamden and into Cheshire, making bicycle commuting between New Haven and those suburbs possible. The trail is part of the East Coast Greenway, a proposed 3,000-mile (4,800 km) bike path that would link every major city on the East Coast from Florida to Maine.", "title": "New Haven, Connecticut" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Currensee (or currensee.com) was a financial services company based in Boston to serve as a social network for foreign exchange (FX, Forex or currency) traders. The company provided mirror trading services to its clients that allowed them to make trading decisions based on other traders actions. The company was acquired by Oanda in 2013, who decided to close down the service a year later in October 2014.", "title": "Currensee" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The company originated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) through the consolidation of The Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, the Computing Scale Company and the Bundy Manufacturing Company. CTR was renamed \"International Business Machines\" in 1924, a name which Thomas J. Watson first used for a CTR Canadian subsidiary. The initialism IBM followed. Securities analysts nicknamed the company Big Blue for its size and common use of the color in products, packaging and its logo.", "title": "IBM" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The British Aerospace Skyflash, or Sky Flash in marketing material, was a medium-range semi-active radar homing air-to-air missile derived from the US AIM-7 Sparrow missile and carried by Royal Air Force F-4 Phantoms and Tornado F3s, Italian Aeronautica Militare and Royal Saudi Air Force Tornados and Swedish Flygvapnet Viggens.", "title": "Skyflash" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sea Wolf is a naval guided missile system designed and built by BAC, later to become British Aerospace (BAe) Dynamics (now MBDA). It is an automated point-defence weapon system designed as a final line of defence against both sea-skimming and high angle anti-ship missiles and aircraft. The Royal Navy has fielded two versions, the GWS-25 Conventionally Launched Sea Wolf (CLSW) and the GWS-26 Vertically Launched Sea Wolf (VLSW) forms. In Royal Navy service Sea Wolf is being replaced by Sea Ceptor.", "title": "Sea Wolf (missile)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beautiful Creatures was signed by Little, Brown, and Company for a four - book series, the Caster Chronicles, with the follow - up books titled:", "title": "Beautiful Creatures (novel)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arnold Weinstock, Baron Weinstock, OMRI, (29 July 1924 – 23 July 2002) was an English industrialist and businessman known for making General Electric Company one of Britain's most profitable companies. The City criticized Weinstock for his financial caution, but under his successor a series of ill-judged acquisitions led to catastrophic losses.", "title": "Arnold Weinstock" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Amblimation was the animation production arm of Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment. It only made three films: \"\" (1991), \"We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story\" (1993) and \"Balto\" (1995), which were all distributed by Universal Pictures. The studio was shut down in 1997 and some of the Amblimation staff went on to join DreamWorks Animation, which was later acquired in 2016, by Universal's parent company NBCUniversal for $3.8 billion, making it Universal's third animation unit following Universal Animation Studios and Illumination. The company's mascot, Fievel Mousekewitz (\"An American Tail\"), appears in its production logo. A project to adapt the 1981 Andrew Lloyd Webber musical \"Cats\" was in the making, but was abandoned with the studio's closure.", "title": "Amblimation" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the following decades there was a constant battle between the company lobby and the Parliament. The company sought a permanent establishment, while the Parliament would not willingly allow it greater autonomy and so relinquish the opportunity to exploit the company's profits. In 1712, another act renewed the status of the company, though the debts were repaid. By 1720, 15% of British imports were from India, almost all passing through the company, which reasserted the influence of the company lobby. The licence was prolonged until 1766 by yet another act in 1730.", "title": "East India Company" } ]	What company eventually became the company that made the Skyflash missle?	BAC	[]	Title: Beautiful Creatures (novel) Passage: Beautiful Creatures was signed by Little, Brown, and Company for a four - book series, the Caster Chronicles, with the follow - up books titled: Title: Soldiers Live Passage: Soldiers Live is the ninth novel in Glen Cook's ongoing series, The Black Company. The series combines elements of epic fantasy and dark fantasy as it follows an elite mercenary unit, The Black Company, through roughly forty years of its approximately four hundred year history. Title: Vestergaard Frandsen Passage: Vestergaard is a company headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland that manufactures public health tools for people in developing countries. Founded as Vestergaard Frandsen in 1957 as a uniform maker, the company evolved into a social enterprise making products for humanitarian aid in the 1990s. It is now best known for inventing the LifeStraw water filter and the PermaNet mosquito net. Title: Saint Helena Passage: In 1657, Oliver Cromwell granted the English East India Company a charter to govern Saint Helena and the following year the company decided to fortify the island and colonise it with planters. The first governor, Captain John Dutton, arrived in 1659, making Saint Helena one of Britain's oldest colonies outside North America and the Caribbean. A fort and houses were built. After the Restoration of the English monarchy in 1660, the East India Company received a royal charter giving it the sole right to fortify and colonise the island. The fort was renamed James Fort and the town Jamestown, in honour of the Duke of York, later James II of England. Title: IBM Passage: The company originated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) through the consolidation of The Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, the Computing Scale Company and the Bundy Manufacturing Company. CTR was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924, a name which Thomas J. Watson first used for a CTR Canadian subsidiary. The initialism IBM followed. Securities analysts nicknamed the company Big Blue for its size and common use of the color in products, packaging and its logo. Title: American Stores Passage: American Stores Company was an American public corporation and a holding company which ran chains of supermarkets and drugstores in the United States from 1917 through 1999. The company was incorporated in 1917 when The Acme Tea Company merged with four small Philadelphia, Pennsylvania area grocery stores "(Childs, George Dunlap, Bell Company," and "A House That Quality Built)" to form American Stores. In the following eight decades, the company would expand to 1,575 food and drugstores in 38 states with $20 billion in annual sales in 1998. Title: Hirox Passage: Hirox (ハイロックス) is a lens company in Tokyo, Japan that created the first digital microscope in 1985. This company is now known as Hirox Co Ltd. Hirox's main industry is digital microscopes, but still makes the lenses for a variety of items including rangefinders. Title: Amblimation Passage: Amblimation was the animation production arm of Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment. It only made three films: "" (1991), "We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story" (1993) and "Balto" (1995), which were all distributed by Universal Pictures. The studio was shut down in 1997 and some of the Amblimation staff went on to join DreamWorks Animation, which was later acquired in 2016, by Universal's parent company NBCUniversal for $3.8 billion, making it Universal's third animation unit following Universal Animation Studios and Illumination. The company's mascot, Fievel Mousekewitz ("An American Tail"), appears in its production logo. A project to adapt the 1981 Andrew Lloyd Webber musical "Cats" was in the making, but was abandoned with the studio's closure. Title: East India Company Passage: The company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I on 31 December 1600, making it the oldest among several similarly formed European East India Companies. Wealthy merchants and aristocrats owned the company's shares. Initially the government owned no shares and had only indirect control. Title: New Haven, Connecticut Passage: The Farmington Canal Trail is a rail trail that will eventually run continuously from downtown New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts. The scenic trail follows the path of the historic New Haven and Northampton Company and the Farmington Canal. Currently, there is a continuous 14-mile (23 km) stretch of the trail from downtown, through Hamden and into Cheshire, making bicycle commuting between New Haven and those suburbs possible. The trail is part of the East Coast Greenway, a proposed 3,000-mile (4,800 km) bike path that would link every major city on the East Coast from Florida to Maine. Title: Tianjin Port (Group) Company Passage: Tianjin Port (Group) Company (TPG) is the main operator of the Port of Tianjin. It was established in 2004 by the incorporation of the Tianjin Port Authority, part of the process in China of making port authorities into autonomous corporations. It has been a top 500 company in China since 2004. Title: Currensee Passage: Currensee (or currensee.com) was a financial services company based in Boston to serve as a social network for foreign exchange (FX, Forex or currency) traders. The company provided mirror trading services to its clients that allowed them to make trading decisions based on other traders actions. The company was acquired by Oanda in 2013, who decided to close down the service a year later in October 2014. Title: The Unbeliever Passage: The Unbeliever is a 1918 American silent propaganda film made towards the end of World War I. It was directed by Alan Crosland for the Edison Company towards its last days as a functioning film-making company. It stars Raymond McKee and Marguerite Courtot, who married a few years later, and Eric von Stroheim. Title: Child labour in India Passage: Companies including Gap, Primark, Monsanto have been criticised for child labour in their products. The companies claim they have strict policies against selling products made by underage children, but there are many links in a supply chain making it difficult to oversee them all. In 2011, after three years of Primark's effort, BBC acknowledged that its award-winning investigative journalism report of Indian child labour use by Primark was a fake. The BBC apologised to Primark, to Indian suppliers and all its viewers. Another company that has come under much scrutiny was Nike. Nike was under pressure to speak up about alleged sweatshops that harbored children that the company was exploiting to make their sneakers. Since then Nike has come out with a separate web page that specifically points out where they get their products from and where their products are manufactured. Title: Arnold Weinstock Passage: Arnold Weinstock, Baron Weinstock, OMRI, (29 July 1924 – 23 July 2002) was an English industrialist and businessman known for making General Electric Company one of Britain's most profitable companies. The City criticized Weinstock for his financial caution, but under his successor a series of ill-judged acquisitions led to catastrophic losses. Title: Shenmue Online Passage: In 2005, JC Entertainment pulled out of the development of "Shenmue Online", and as they owned 50% of the properties of "Shenmue Online", there was legal debate over who had the rights to the game. However, in November 2005, it was confirmed in an interview with Yu Suzuki that even though the Korean company JCE had announced their withdrawal from development, since Shenmue Online is a Sega venture, they would fulfil their duty of completing it. Yu said despite the internet rumours, development was well on its way and following their original goals and target. He added that Sega Sammy would make an official announcement about its progress in the future. Title: Sea Wolf (missile) Passage: Sea Wolf is a naval guided missile system designed and built by BAC, later to become British Aerospace (BAe) Dynamics (now MBDA). It is an automated point-defence weapon system designed as a final line of defence against both sea-skimming and high angle anti-ship missiles and aircraft. The Royal Navy has fielded two versions, the GWS-25 Conventionally Launched Sea Wolf (CLSW) and the GWS-26 Vertically Launched Sea Wolf (VLSW) forms. In Royal Navy service Sea Wolf is being replaced by Sea Ceptor. Title: Skyflash Passage: The British Aerospace Skyflash, or Sky Flash in marketing material, was a medium-range semi-active radar homing air-to-air missile derived from the US AIM-7 Sparrow missile and carried by Royal Air Force F-4 Phantoms and Tornado F3s, Italian Aeronautica Militare and Royal Saudi Air Force Tornados and Swedish Flygvapnet Viggens. Title: East India Company Passage: In the following decades there was a constant battle between the company lobby and the Parliament. The company sought a permanent establishment, while the Parliament would not willingly allow it greater autonomy and so relinquish the opportunity to exploit the company's profits. In 1712, another act renewed the status of the company, though the debts were repaid. By 1720, 15% of British imports were from India, almost all passing through the company, which reasserted the influence of the company lobby. The licence was prolonged until 1766 by yet another act in 1730. Title: Beer Passage: The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons is classified as homebrewing regardless of where it is made, though most homebrewed beer is made in the home. Brewing beer is subject to legislation and taxation in developed countries, which from the late 19th century largely restricted brewing to a commercial operation only. However, the UK government relaxed legislation in 1963, followed by Australia in 1972 and the US in 1978, allowing homebrewing to become a popular hobby.	[ "Skyflash", "Sea Wolf (missile)" ]
2hop__808562_72813	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The funeral and burial for Donda West was held in Oklahoma City on November 20, 2007. West played his first concert following the funeral at The O2 in London on November 22. He dedicated a performance of \"Hey Mama\", as well as a cover of Journey's \"Don't Stop Believin'\", to his mother, and did so on all other dates of his Glow in the Dark tour.", "title": "Kanye West" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``I Do n't Care ''is a 1905 song, words by Jean Lenox, music by Harry O. Sutton, originally performed by Eva Tanguay, becoming her most famous song. It was published by Jerome H. Remick & Co., New York, performed in the Ziegfeld Follies of 1909 and recorded by Eva Tanguay in 1922. It was also recorded by Judy Garland, Mitzi Gaynor and Eydie Gorme among others, sometimes with additional lyrics.`` I DON'T CARE'' (1905) Words by Jean Lenox", "title": "I Don't Care (Eva Tanguay song)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cruel Zinc Melodies is the twelfth novel in Glen Cook's ongoing Garrett P.I. series. The series combines elements of mystery and fantasy as it follows the adventures of private investigator Garrett.", "title": "Cruel Zinc Melodies" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Philippe Petit (French pronunciation: (filip pəti); born 13 August 1949) is a French high - wire artist who gained fame for his high - wire walk between the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, on the morning of August 7, 1974 as well as his high wire walk between the towers of Notre Dame cathedral in Paris, 1971. For his unauthorized feat 400 metres (1,000 feet) above the ground -- which he referred to as ``le coup ''-- he rigged a 200 - kilogram (440 - pound) cable and used a custom - made 8 - metre (30 - foot) long, 25 - kilogram (55 - pound) balancing pole. He performed for 45 minutes, making eight passes along the wire. The following week, he celebrated his 25th birthday. All charges were dismissed in exchange for him doing a performance in Central Park for children.", "title": "Philippe Petit" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The standard dartboard is divided into 20 numbered sections, scoring from 1 to 20 points, by wires running from the small central circle to the outer circular wire. Circular wires within the outer wire subdivide each section into single, double and triple areas. The dartboard featured on the ``Indoor League ''television show of the 1970s did not feature a triple section, and according to host Fred Trueman during the first episode, this is the traditional Yorkshire board.", "title": "Darts" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bobby Brown is a Western District uniformed officer. He was the first officer on scene at the shooting of William Gant. He was also at the Brandon Wright crime scene. Detective Jimmy McNulty later enlisted Brown to help watch the home of Wallace. In season 3 when Major Colvin institutes the Hamsterdam initiative Brown is one of the officers freed up to be assigned to investigate complaints rather than perform radio car patrols and he solves a church burglary case.", "title": "Police of The Wire" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Don't Be Cruel\" is a song recorded by American singer Bobby Brown. Taken from his second and most successful album as its title track, the song was written and produced by the songwriting and production duo Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds and Antonio \"L.A.\" Reid, with additional writing by Daryl Simmons.", "title": "Don't Be Cruel (Bobby Brown song)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Private Romeo is an adaptation of William Shakespeare's \"Romeo and Juliet\" by Alan Brown made in 2011. The film is a reenactment of the play exclusively spoken in an all-male high school military academy called McKinley Military Academy. Amidst this recitation is a gay love blossoming between the two cadets, Sam Singleton / Romeo played by Seth Numrich and Glenn Mangan / Juliet played by Matt Doyle. The film was Brown's take on Don't ask, don't tell, the official United States policy on gays serving in the military from December 21, 1993, to September 20, 2011 (the law was repealed after the production of the film).", "title": "Private Romeo" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Non andare più lontano\" (\"Don't go far away anymore\") was the Italian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1967, performed in Italian by Claudio Villa.", "title": "Non andare più lontano" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Up All Night\" is Matt Willis's debut single as a solo artist. It was released as a single on 22 May 2006 and appears on his debut album, \"Don't Let It Go to Waste\". Its style marks a move towards more rock-influenced music than the songs Willis released when performing as part of Busted and could possibly be categorized as stadium pop.", "title": "Up All Night (Matt Willis song)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Philippe Petit (French pronunciation: (filip pəti); born 13 August 1949) is a French high - wire artist who gained fame for his high - wire walk between the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, on the morning of August 7, 1974 as well as his high wire walk between the Notre Dame cathedral in Paris, 1971. For his unauthorized feat 400 metres (1,000 feet) above the ground -- which he referred to as ``le coup ''-- he rigged a 200 - kilogram (440 - pound) cable and used a custom - made 8 - metre (30 - foot) long, 25 - kilogram (55 - pound) balancing pole. He performed for 45 minutes, making eight passes along the wire. The following week, he celebrated his 25th birthday. All charges were dismissed in exchange for him doing a performance in Central Park for children.", "title": "Philippe Petit" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Don't Ask Me Why\" is a Billy Joel song released in 1980. The track contains all acoustic and Latin percussion instruments performing in an Afro-Cuban rhythmic style. An eclectic, instrumental \"Latin Ballroom\" piano solo, played over the bridge section after the second verse, is also featured in part of the song; Joel states that the mix for the midsection includes \"fifteen pianos overdubbed on top of each other.\" The song spent two weeks at number one on the Adult Contemporary chart and peaked at number nineteen on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "title": "Don't Ask Me Why (Billy Joel song)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I Don't Wanna Take This Pain\" is a single performed by Australian singer Dannii Minogue for her debut album \"Love and Kisses\" (1991). A personal favourite of Minogue's, its original mix was released as the third single in Australia, where it peaked at #92 on the ARIA singles chart in December 1990. A re-recorded and remixed version of the song (by L.A. Mix) was released in the United Kingdom as the fifth and final single in the fourth quarter of 1991, and received a mixed reception from music critics. \"I Don't Wanna Take This Pain\" became one of Minogue's least successful singles, only just reaching the top forty in the United Kingdom.", "title": "I Don't Wanna Take This Pain" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Like a G6 ''is a 2010 song written and performed by Far East Movement, The Cataracs, and Dev, with the latter two being credited as featured artists. It is the lead single from Far East Movement's third studio album Free Wired, and production was handled by The Cataracs. For the chorus, Dev samples a verse from her own single`` Booty Bounce'', which was also written and produced by the Cataracs.", "title": "Like a G6" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Despite competition from other materials, copper remains the preferred electrical conductor in nearly all categories of electrical wiring with the major exception being overhead electric power transmission where aluminium is often preferred. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distribution, telecommunications, electronics circuitry, and countless types of electrical equipment. Electrical wiring is the most important market for the copper industry. This includes building wire, communications cable, power distribution cable, appliance wire, automotive wire and cable, and magnet wire. Roughly half of all copper mined is used to manufacture electrical wire and cable conductors. Many electrical devices rely on copper wiring because of its multitude of inherent beneficial properties, such as its high electrical conductivity, tensile strength, ductility, creep (deformation) resistance, corrosion resistance, low thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity, solderability, and ease of installation.", "title": "Copper" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Eighth Amendment (Amendment VIII) of the United States Constitution prohibits the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishment. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that this amendment's Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause also applies to the states. The phrases in this amendment originated in the English Bill of Rights of 1689. This amendment was adopted on December 15, 1791, along with the rest of the United States Bill of Rights.", "title": "Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Every Little Step\" is a 1989 single by American singer Bobby Brown, written by L.A. Reid and Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds and released by MCA Records. Released as the fourth single on his second album \"Don't Be Cruel\" it reached number three on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, number one on the Hot Black Singles chart, and number six on the UK Singles Chart in 1989. The song also appears on Brown's remix album \"Dance!...Ya Know It!\". The single garnered Brown's first career Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance at the 32nd Grammy Awards in 1990.", "title": "Every Little Step" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The song was used as the theme for HBO's The Wire. A different recording was used each season. Versions, in series order, were recorded by The Blind Boys of Alabama, Tom Waits, The Neville Brothers, DoMaJe, and Steve Earle. Season four's version, performed by the Baltimore teenagers Ivan Ashford, Markel Steele, Cameron Brown, Tariq Al - Sabir and Avery Bargasse, was arranged and recorded specifically for the show. An extended version of the Blind Boys of Alabama recording was played over a montage in the series finale.", "title": "Way Down in the Hole" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Haoui Montaug (1952 – June 7, 1991) was a doorman of the New York City nightclubs Hurrah, Danceteria, Studio 54 and the Palladium. Montaug also ran a roving cabaret revue called \"No Entiendes\" (\"You Don't Understand\") (originally named \"I Dunno\"), which showcased a young Madonna and early performances by the Beastie Boys.", "title": "Haoui Montaug" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Johnny Kidd & the Pirates were an English rock and roll group led by singer/songwriter Johnny Kidd. They scored numerous hit songs from the late 1950s to the early 1960s, including \"Shakin' All Over\" and \"Please Don't Touch\", but their musical influence far outshines their chart performance.", "title": "Johnny Kidd & the Pirates" } ]	Who does the performer of Don't Be Cruel play in the wire?	a Western District uniformed officer	[]	Title: Philippe Petit Passage: Philippe Petit (French pronunciation: (filip pəti); born 13 August 1949) is a French high - wire artist who gained fame for his high - wire walk between the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, on the morning of August 7, 1974 as well as his high wire walk between the Notre Dame cathedral in Paris, 1971. For his unauthorized feat 400 metres (1,000 feet) above the ground -- which he referred to as ``le coup ''-- he rigged a 200 - kilogram (440 - pound) cable and used a custom - made 8 - metre (30 - foot) long, 25 - kilogram (55 - pound) balancing pole. He performed for 45 minutes, making eight passes along the wire. The following week, he celebrated his 25th birthday. All charges were dismissed in exchange for him doing a performance in Central Park for children. Title: Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution Passage: The Eighth Amendment (Amendment VIII) of the United States Constitution prohibits the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishment. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that this amendment's Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause also applies to the states. The phrases in this amendment originated in the English Bill of Rights of 1689. This amendment was adopted on December 15, 1791, along with the rest of the United States Bill of Rights. Title: Kanye West Passage: The funeral and burial for Donda West was held in Oklahoma City on November 20, 2007. West played his first concert following the funeral at The O2 in London on November 22. He dedicated a performance of "Hey Mama", as well as a cover of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'", to his mother, and did so on all other dates of his Glow in the Dark tour. Title: Way Down in the Hole Passage: The song was used as the theme for HBO's The Wire. A different recording was used each season. Versions, in series order, were recorded by The Blind Boys of Alabama, Tom Waits, The Neville Brothers, DoMaJe, and Steve Earle. Season four's version, performed by the Baltimore teenagers Ivan Ashford, Markel Steele, Cameron Brown, Tariq Al - Sabir and Avery Bargasse, was arranged and recorded specifically for the show. An extended version of the Blind Boys of Alabama recording was played over a montage in the series finale. Title: Every Little Step Passage: "Every Little Step" is a 1989 single by American singer Bobby Brown, written by L.A. Reid and Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds and released by MCA Records. Released as the fourth single on his second album "Don't Be Cruel" it reached number three on the "Billboard" Hot 100, number one on the Hot Black Singles chart, and number six on the UK Singles Chart in 1989. The song also appears on Brown's remix album "Dance!...Ya Know It!". The single garnered Brown's first career Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance at the 32nd Grammy Awards in 1990. Title: Copper Passage: Despite competition from other materials, copper remains the preferred electrical conductor in nearly all categories of electrical wiring with the major exception being overhead electric power transmission where aluminium is often preferred. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distribution, telecommunications, electronics circuitry, and countless types of electrical equipment. Electrical wiring is the most important market for the copper industry. This includes building wire, communications cable, power distribution cable, appliance wire, automotive wire and cable, and magnet wire. Roughly half of all copper mined is used to manufacture electrical wire and cable conductors. Many electrical devices rely on copper wiring because of its multitude of inherent beneficial properties, such as its high electrical conductivity, tensile strength, ductility, creep (deformation) resistance, corrosion resistance, low thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity, solderability, and ease of installation. Title: Haoui Montaug Passage: Haoui Montaug (1952 – June 7, 1991) was a doorman of the New York City nightclubs Hurrah, Danceteria, Studio 54 and the Palladium. Montaug also ran a roving cabaret revue called "No Entiendes" ("You Don't Understand") (originally named "I Dunno"), which showcased a young Madonna and early performances by the Beastie Boys. Title: I Don't Care (Eva Tanguay song) Passage: ``I Do n't Care ''is a 1905 song, words by Jean Lenox, music by Harry O. Sutton, originally performed by Eva Tanguay, becoming her most famous song. It was published by Jerome H. Remick & Co., New York, performed in the Ziegfeld Follies of 1909 and recorded by Eva Tanguay in 1922. It was also recorded by Judy Garland, Mitzi Gaynor and Eydie Gorme among others, sometimes with additional lyrics.`` I DON'T CARE'' (1905) Words by Jean Lenox Title: Don't Be Cruel (Bobby Brown song) Passage: "Don't Be Cruel" is a song recorded by American singer Bobby Brown. Taken from his second and most successful album as its title track, the song was written and produced by the songwriting and production duo Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds and Antonio "L.A." Reid, with additional writing by Daryl Simmons. Title: Don't Ask Me Why (Billy Joel song) Passage: "Don't Ask Me Why" is a Billy Joel song released in 1980. The track contains all acoustic and Latin percussion instruments performing in an Afro-Cuban rhythmic style. An eclectic, instrumental "Latin Ballroom" piano solo, played over the bridge section after the second verse, is also featured in part of the song; Joel states that the mix for the midsection includes "fifteen pianos overdubbed on top of each other." The song spent two weeks at number one on the Adult Contemporary chart and peaked at number nineteen on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Title: Philippe Petit Passage: Philippe Petit (French pronunciation: (filip pəti); born 13 August 1949) is a French high - wire artist who gained fame for his high - wire walk between the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, on the morning of August 7, 1974 as well as his high wire walk between the towers of Notre Dame cathedral in Paris, 1971. For his unauthorized feat 400 metres (1,000 feet) above the ground -- which he referred to as ``le coup ''-- he rigged a 200 - kilogram (440 - pound) cable and used a custom - made 8 - metre (30 - foot) long, 25 - kilogram (55 - pound) balancing pole. He performed for 45 minutes, making eight passes along the wire. The following week, he celebrated his 25th birthday. All charges were dismissed in exchange for him doing a performance in Central Park for children. Title: Up All Night (Matt Willis song) Passage: "Up All Night" is Matt Willis's debut single as a solo artist. It was released as a single on 22 May 2006 and appears on his debut album, "Don't Let It Go to Waste". Its style marks a move towards more rock-influenced music than the songs Willis released when performing as part of Busted and could possibly be categorized as stadium pop. Title: Darts Passage: The standard dartboard is divided into 20 numbered sections, scoring from 1 to 20 points, by wires running from the small central circle to the outer circular wire. Circular wires within the outer wire subdivide each section into single, double and triple areas. The dartboard featured on the ``Indoor League ''television show of the 1970s did not feature a triple section, and according to host Fred Trueman during the first episode, this is the traditional Yorkshire board. Title: Like a G6 Passage: ``Like a G6 ''is a 2010 song written and performed by Far East Movement, The Cataracs, and Dev, with the latter two being credited as featured artists. It is the lead single from Far East Movement's third studio album Free Wired, and production was handled by The Cataracs. For the chorus, Dev samples a verse from her own single`` Booty Bounce'', which was also written and produced by the Cataracs. Title: Johnny Kidd & the Pirates Passage: Johnny Kidd & the Pirates were an English rock and roll group led by singer/songwriter Johnny Kidd. They scored numerous hit songs from the late 1950s to the early 1960s, including "Shakin' All Over" and "Please Don't Touch", but their musical influence far outshines their chart performance. Title: Police of The Wire Passage: Bobby Brown is a Western District uniformed officer. He was the first officer on scene at the shooting of William Gant. He was also at the Brandon Wright crime scene. Detective Jimmy McNulty later enlisted Brown to help watch the home of Wallace. In season 3 when Major Colvin institutes the Hamsterdam initiative Brown is one of the officers freed up to be assigned to investigate complaints rather than perform radio car patrols and he solves a church burglary case. Title: Non andare più lontano Passage: "Non andare più lontano" ("Don't go far away anymore") was the Italian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1967, performed in Italian by Claudio Villa. Title: Cruel Zinc Melodies Passage: Cruel Zinc Melodies is the twelfth novel in Glen Cook's ongoing Garrett P.I. series. The series combines elements of mystery and fantasy as it follows the adventures of private investigator Garrett. Title: I Don't Wanna Take This Pain Passage: "I Don't Wanna Take This Pain" is a single performed by Australian singer Dannii Minogue for her debut album "Love and Kisses" (1991). A personal favourite of Minogue's, its original mix was released as the third single in Australia, where it peaked at #92 on the ARIA singles chart in December 1990. A re-recorded and remixed version of the song (by L.A. Mix) was released in the United Kingdom as the fifth and final single in the fourth quarter of 1991, and received a mixed reception from music critics. "I Don't Wanna Take This Pain" became one of Minogue's least successful singles, only just reaching the top forty in the United Kingdom. Title: Private Romeo Passage: Private Romeo is an adaptation of William Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet" by Alan Brown made in 2011. The film is a reenactment of the play exclusively spoken in an all-male high school military academy called McKinley Military Academy. Amidst this recitation is a gay love blossoming between the two cadets, Sam Singleton / Romeo played by Seth Numrich and Glenn Mangan / Juliet played by Matt Doyle. The film was Brown's take on Don't ask, don't tell, the official United States policy on gays serving in the military from December 21, 1993, to September 20, 2011 (the law was repealed after the production of the film).	[ "Police of The Wire", "Don't Be Cruel (Bobby Brown song)" ]
2hop__806869_56873	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barcelona is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never been relegated from the top division, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the UEFA Champions League, and also became the first football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year, completing the sextuple in also winning the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup. In 2011, the club became European champions again and won five trophies. This Barcelona team, which reached a record six consecutive Champions League semi-finals and won 14 trophies in just four years under Pep Guardiola, is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time. In June 2015, Barcelona became the first European club in history to achieve the continental treble twice.", "title": "FC Barcelona" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Games played 43 (38 Premier League) (2 FA Cup) (3 League Cup) Games won 25 (23 Premier League) (0 FA Cup) (2 League Cup) Games drawn 12 (12 Premier League) (1 FA Cup) (1 League Cup) Games lost 4 (3 Premier League) (1 FA Cup) Goals scored 76 (67 Premier League) (2 FA Cup) (7 League Cup) Goals conceded 42 (35 Premier League) (4 FA Cup) (3 League Cup) Goal difference + 34 (+ 32 Premier League) (- 2 FA Cup) (+ 4 League Cup) Clean sheets 14 (14 Premier League) Most appearances 42 Appearances (Marc Albrighton) Top scorer 24 Goals (Jamie Vardy) Winning Percentage Overall: 21 / 36 (58.33%)", "title": "2015–16 Leicester City F.C. season" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2005 FA Cup Final was a football match played between Arsenal and Manchester United on 21 May 2005 at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff. It was the final match of the 2004 -- 05 FA Cup, the 124th season of English football's primary cup competition, the FA Cup. Arsenal became the first team to win the FA Cup via a penalty shoot - out, despite being outplayed throughout the game, after neither side managed to score in the initial 90 minutes or in 30 minutes of extra time. The shoot - out finished 5 -- 4 to Arsenal, with Patrick Vieira scoring the winning penalty after Paul Scholes' shot was saved by Arsenal goalkeeper Jens Lehmann.", "title": "2005 FA Cup Final" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Premier League Founded 20 February 1992 Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Chelsea (5th title) (2016 -- 17) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2017 -- 18 Premier League", "title": "Premier League" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1923 FA Cup Final was an association football match between Bolton Wanderers and West Ham United on 28 April 1923 at the original Wembley Stadium in London. The showpiece match of English football's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (better known as the FA Cup), it was the first football match to be played at Wembley Stadium. King George V was in attendance to present the trophy to the winning team.", "title": "1923 FA Cup Final" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Terry made his Chelsea debut on 28 October 1998 as a late substitute in a League Cup tie with Aston Villa; his first start came later that season in an FA Cup third round match, a 2 -- 0 win over Oldham Athletic. He spent a brief period on loan with Nottingham Forest in 2000 to build up his first team experience and was the subject of interest from both Forest manager David Platt and Huddersfield Town manager Steve Bruce.", "title": "John Terry" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Premier League Founded 20 February 1992; 26 years ago (1992 - 02 - 20) Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Manchester City (3rd title) (2017 -- 18) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) Most appearances Gareth Barry (653) Top goalscorer Alan Shearer (260 goals) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2018 -- 19 Premier League", "title": "Premier League" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Formed in 1878, Everton were founding members of The Football League in 1888 and won their first league championship two seasons later. Following four league titles and two FA Cup wins, Everton experienced a lull in the immediate post World War Two period until a revival in the 1960s which saw the club win two league championships and an FA Cup. The mid-1980s represented their most recent period of sustained success, with two League Championship successes, an FA Cup, and the 1985 European Cup Winners' Cup. The club's most recent major trophy was the 1995 FA Cup. The club's supporters are known as Evertonians.", "title": "Everton F.C." }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He was the first Italian to play in the Premier League, when he signed with Nottingham Forest in 1995. Over the course of six seasons Silenzi amassed Serie A totals of 132 games and 32 goals, with Napoli and Torino.", "title": "Andrea Silenzi" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Singapore Cup and League Cup, the Singapore FA Cup is the next major cup competition in Singapore. For a number of years, the FA Cup was solely restricted to NFL Clubs. In 2006, S.League clubs were once again allowed in the competition, but were only permitted to field their developmental Prime League teams. The team matchups were drawn out of a hat against one another for the initial 2006 and 2007 seasons before being seeded into two groups after 2008.", "title": "Singapore FA Cup" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Forest were founder members of the Football Alliance in 1889 before joining the Football League in 1892. They have since mostly competed in the top two League tiers except five seasons in the third tier. Forest won the FA Cup in 1898 and 1959. Their most successful period was in the management reign of Brian Clough and Peter Taylor between 1976 and 1982. With Forest they won the 1977 -- 78 Football League title followed by the 1979 and 1980 European Cups. They also won two Football League Cups at Forest together. After Taylor left Clough won two more League Cups and two Full Members Cups.", "title": "Nottingham Forest F.C." }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The club has been a member of the Premier League for all but three years of the competition's history, spending 85 seasons in the top tier as of May 2016, and has never dropped below English football's second tier since joining the Football League in 1893. They have won four League Championship titles, six FA Cups and a Charity Shield, as well as the 1969 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and the 2006 UEFA Intertoto Cup. Newcastle United has the ninth highest total of trophies won by an English club. The club's most successful period was between 1904 and 1910, when they won an FA Cup and three of their First Division titles. The club were highly successful in the Premier League in the 1990s and early 2000s without winning any trophies, but have been mostly struggling since the 2006 -- 07 season, and were relegated in 2009 and 2016. They returned to the Premiership for the 2017 -- 18 season after winning the Championship title the preceding year.", "title": "Newcastle United F.C." }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Current manager, Roberto Martínez, is the fourteenth permanent holder of the position since it was established in 1939. There have also been four caretaker managers, and before 1939 the team was selected by either the club secretary or by committee. The club's longest-serving manager has been Harry Catterick, who was in charge of the team from 1961–73, taking in 594 first team matches. The Everton manager to win most domestic and international trophies is Howard Kendall, who won two Division One championships, the 1984 FA Cup, the 1984 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, and three Charity Shields.", "title": "Everton F.C." }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ITV lost the rights to the FA Cup beginning with the 2014 -- 15 FA Cup, terrestrial rights will return to BBC Sport, with the final being shown on BBC One while BT Sport hold the pay TV rights. Under this deal, the BBC will show around the same number of games as ITV and still having the first pick for each round.", "title": "FA Cup" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Competition Manchester United wins Draws Liverpool wins League 67 46 55 FA Cup 9 League Cup 0 Europa League 0 Other Total 79 54 65", "title": "Liverpool F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1931 FA Cup Final was a football match between West Bromwich Albion and Birmingham, played on 25 April 1931 at the original Wembley Stadium in London. The showpiece event was the final match of the 1930–31 staging of English football's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (better known as the FA Cup). The match was the 56th FA Cup Final, the ninth to be played at Wembley.", "title": "1931 FA Cup Final" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Name Nat Tenure Honours Ted Drake England 1952 -- 1961 1955 First Division 1955 FA Charity Shield Tommy Docherty Scotland 1961 -- 1967 1965 Football League Cup Dave Sexton England 1967 -- 1974 1970 FA Cup 1971 European Cup Winners' Cup John Neal England 1981 -- 1985 1984 Second Division John Hollins England 1985 -- 1988 1986 Full Members Cup Bobby Campbell England 1988 -- 1991 1989 Second Division 1990 Full Members Cup Ruud Gullit Netherlands 1996 -- 1998 1997 FA Cup Gianluca Vialli Italy 1998 -- 2000 1998 Football League Cup 1998 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1998 UEFA Super Cup 2000 FA Cup 2000 FA Charity Shield José Mourinho Portugal 2004 -- 2007 2013 -- 2015 2005 Football League Cup 2005 Premier League 2005 FA Community Shield 2006 Premier League 2007 Football League Cup 2007 FA Cup 2015 Football League Cup 2015 Premier League Guus Hiddink Netherlands 2009 2015 -- 2016 2009 FA Cup Carlo Ancelotti Italy 2009 -- 2011 2009 FA Community Shield 2010 Premier League 2010 FA Cup Roberto Di Matteo Italy 2012 2012 FA Cup 2012 UEFA Champions League Rafael Benítez Spain 2012 -- 2013 2013 UEFA Europa League Antonio Conte Italy 2016 -- 2018 2017 Premier League 2018 FA Cup", "title": "List of Chelsea F.C. managers" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The FA Cup winners qualify for the following season's UEFA Europa League (formerly named the UEFA Cup; until 1998 they entered the Cup Winners' Cup instead). This European place applies even if the team is relegated or is not in the English top flight. In the past, if the FA Cup winning team also qualified for the following season's Champions League or Europa League through their league position, then the losing FA Cup finalist was given the Europa League place instead. FA Cup winners enter the Europa League at the group stage. Losing finalists, if they entered the Europa League, began earlier, at the play-off or third qualifying round stage. From the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League season, however, UEFA will not allow the runners-up to qualify for the Europa League through the competition.", "title": "FA Cup" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He won the League Cup with both Aston Villa and Middlesbrough (in 1995 -- 96 and 2003 -- 04 respectively), and captained Crystal Palace to win the First Division championship in 1993 -- 94. He also played in the 2000 FA Cup Final for Villa and the 2006 UEFA Cup Final for Middlesbrough. Internationally, Southgate made 57 appearances for the England national team between 1995 and 2004, featuring in the 1998 FIFA World Cup and both the 1996 and 2000 European Championships. His playing career ended in May 2006 at the age of 35, and after more than 500 league appearances.", "title": "Gareth Southgate" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1914 FA Cup Final was a football match between Burnley and Liverpool on 25 April 1914 at Crystal Palace, London. It was the final match of the 1913–14 FA Cup, the 43rd season of the country's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, better known as the FA Cup. Both teams were appearing in their first final.", "title": "1914 FA Cup Final" } ]	When did Andrea Silenzi's team win the FA cup?	1898 and 1959	[]	Title: 1914 FA Cup Final Passage: The 1914 FA Cup Final was a football match between Burnley and Liverpool on 25 April 1914 at Crystal Palace, London. It was the final match of the 1913–14 FA Cup, the 43rd season of the country's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, better known as the FA Cup. Both teams were appearing in their first final. Title: 2005 FA Cup Final Passage: The 2005 FA Cup Final was a football match played between Arsenal and Manchester United on 21 May 2005 at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff. It was the final match of the 2004 -- 05 FA Cup, the 124th season of English football's primary cup competition, the FA Cup. Arsenal became the first team to win the FA Cup via a penalty shoot - out, despite being outplayed throughout the game, after neither side managed to score in the initial 90 minutes or in 30 minutes of extra time. The shoot - out finished 5 -- 4 to Arsenal, with Patrick Vieira scoring the winning penalty after Paul Scholes' shot was saved by Arsenal goalkeeper Jens Lehmann. Title: FA Cup Passage: The FA Cup winners qualify for the following season's UEFA Europa League (formerly named the UEFA Cup; until 1998 they entered the Cup Winners' Cup instead). This European place applies even if the team is relegated or is not in the English top flight. In the past, if the FA Cup winning team also qualified for the following season's Champions League or Europa League through their league position, then the losing FA Cup finalist was given the Europa League place instead. FA Cup winners enter the Europa League at the group stage. Losing finalists, if they entered the Europa League, began earlier, at the play-off or third qualifying round stage. From the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League season, however, UEFA will not allow the runners-up to qualify for the Europa League through the competition. Title: FA Cup Passage: ITV lost the rights to the FA Cup beginning with the 2014 -- 15 FA Cup, terrestrial rights will return to BBC Sport, with the final being shown on BBC One while BT Sport hold the pay TV rights. Under this deal, the BBC will show around the same number of games as ITV and still having the first pick for each round. Title: Nottingham Forest F.C. Passage: Forest were founder members of the Football Alliance in 1889 before joining the Football League in 1892. They have since mostly competed in the top two League tiers except five seasons in the third tier. Forest won the FA Cup in 1898 and 1959. Their most successful period was in the management reign of Brian Clough and Peter Taylor between 1976 and 1982. With Forest they won the 1977 -- 78 Football League title followed by the 1979 and 1980 European Cups. They also won two Football League Cups at Forest together. After Taylor left Clough won two more League Cups and two Full Members Cups. Title: Singapore FA Cup Passage: After the Singapore Cup and League Cup, the Singapore FA Cup is the next major cup competition in Singapore. For a number of years, the FA Cup was solely restricted to NFL Clubs. In 2006, S.League clubs were once again allowed in the competition, but were only permitted to field their developmental Prime League teams. The team matchups were drawn out of a hat against one another for the initial 2006 and 2007 seasons before being seeded into two groups after 2008. Title: List of Chelsea F.C. managers Passage: Name Nat Tenure Honours Ted Drake England 1952 -- 1961 1955 First Division 1955 FA Charity Shield Tommy Docherty Scotland 1961 -- 1967 1965 Football League Cup Dave Sexton England 1967 -- 1974 1970 FA Cup 1971 European Cup Winners' Cup John Neal England 1981 -- 1985 1984 Second Division John Hollins England 1985 -- 1988 1986 Full Members Cup Bobby Campbell England 1988 -- 1991 1989 Second Division 1990 Full Members Cup Ruud Gullit Netherlands 1996 -- 1998 1997 FA Cup Gianluca Vialli Italy 1998 -- 2000 1998 Football League Cup 1998 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1998 UEFA Super Cup 2000 FA Cup 2000 FA Charity Shield José Mourinho Portugal 2004 -- 2007 2013 -- 2015 2005 Football League Cup 2005 Premier League 2005 FA Community Shield 2006 Premier League 2007 Football League Cup 2007 FA Cup 2015 Football League Cup 2015 Premier League Guus Hiddink Netherlands 2009 2015 -- 2016 2009 FA Cup Carlo Ancelotti Italy 2009 -- 2011 2009 FA Community Shield 2010 Premier League 2010 FA Cup Roberto Di Matteo Italy 2012 2012 FA Cup 2012 UEFA Champions League Rafael Benítez Spain 2012 -- 2013 2013 UEFA Europa League Antonio Conte Italy 2016 -- 2018 2017 Premier League 2018 FA Cup Title: 1923 FA Cup Final Passage: The 1923 FA Cup Final was an association football match between Bolton Wanderers and West Ham United on 28 April 1923 at the original Wembley Stadium in London. The showpiece match of English football's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (better known as the FA Cup), it was the first football match to be played at Wembley Stadium. King George V was in attendance to present the trophy to the winning team. Title: FC Barcelona Passage: Barcelona is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never been relegated from the top division, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the UEFA Champions League, and also became the first football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year, completing the sextuple in also winning the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup. In 2011, the club became European champions again and won five trophies. This Barcelona team, which reached a record six consecutive Champions League semi-finals and won 14 trophies in just four years under Pep Guardiola, is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time. In June 2015, Barcelona became the first European club in history to achieve the continental treble twice. Title: Newcastle United F.C. Passage: The club has been a member of the Premier League for all but three years of the competition's history, spending 85 seasons in the top tier as of May 2016, and has never dropped below English football's second tier since joining the Football League in 1893. They have won four League Championship titles, six FA Cups and a Charity Shield, as well as the 1969 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and the 2006 UEFA Intertoto Cup. Newcastle United has the ninth highest total of trophies won by an English club. The club's most successful period was between 1904 and 1910, when they won an FA Cup and three of their First Division titles. The club were highly successful in the Premier League in the 1990s and early 2000s without winning any trophies, but have been mostly struggling since the 2006 -- 07 season, and were relegated in 2009 and 2016. They returned to the Premiership for the 2017 -- 18 season after winning the Championship title the preceding year. Title: Everton F.C. Passage: Current manager, Roberto Martínez, is the fourteenth permanent holder of the position since it was established in 1939. There have also been four caretaker managers, and before 1939 the team was selected by either the club secretary or by committee. The club's longest-serving manager has been Harry Catterick, who was in charge of the team from 1961–73, taking in 594 first team matches. The Everton manager to win most domestic and international trophies is Howard Kendall, who won two Division One championships, the 1984 FA Cup, the 1984 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, and three Charity Shields. Title: 2015–16 Leicester City F.C. season Passage: Games played 43 (38 Premier League) (2 FA Cup) (3 League Cup) Games won 25 (23 Premier League) (0 FA Cup) (2 League Cup) Games drawn 12 (12 Premier League) (1 FA Cup) (1 League Cup) Games lost 4 (3 Premier League) (1 FA Cup) Goals scored 76 (67 Premier League) (2 FA Cup) (7 League Cup) Goals conceded 42 (35 Premier League) (4 FA Cup) (3 League Cup) Goal difference + 34 (+ 32 Premier League) (- 2 FA Cup) (+ 4 League Cup) Clean sheets 14 (14 Premier League) Most appearances 42 Appearances (Marc Albrighton) Top scorer 24 Goals (Jamie Vardy) Winning Percentage Overall: 21 / 36 (58.33%) Title: Premier League Passage: Premier League Founded 20 February 1992 Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Chelsea (5th title) (2016 -- 17) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2017 -- 18 Premier League Title: 1931 FA Cup Final Passage: The 1931 FA Cup Final was a football match between West Bromwich Albion and Birmingham, played on 25 April 1931 at the original Wembley Stadium in London. The showpiece event was the final match of the 1930–31 staging of English football's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (better known as the FA Cup). The match was the 56th FA Cup Final, the ninth to be played at Wembley. Title: Everton F.C. Passage: Formed in 1878, Everton were founding members of The Football League in 1888 and won their first league championship two seasons later. Following four league titles and two FA Cup wins, Everton experienced a lull in the immediate post World War Two period until a revival in the 1960s which saw the club win two league championships and an FA Cup. The mid-1980s represented their most recent period of sustained success, with two League Championship successes, an FA Cup, and the 1985 European Cup Winners' Cup. The club's most recent major trophy was the 1995 FA Cup. The club's supporters are known as Evertonians. Title: Gareth Southgate Passage: He won the League Cup with both Aston Villa and Middlesbrough (in 1995 -- 96 and 2003 -- 04 respectively), and captained Crystal Palace to win the First Division championship in 1993 -- 94. He also played in the 2000 FA Cup Final for Villa and the 2006 UEFA Cup Final for Middlesbrough. Internationally, Southgate made 57 appearances for the England national team between 1995 and 2004, featuring in the 1998 FIFA World Cup and both the 1996 and 2000 European Championships. His playing career ended in May 2006 at the age of 35, and after more than 500 league appearances. Title: Andrea Silenzi Passage: He was the first Italian to play in the Premier League, when he signed with Nottingham Forest in 1995. Over the course of six seasons Silenzi amassed Serie A totals of 132 games and 32 goals, with Napoli and Torino. Title: Premier League Passage: Premier League Founded 20 February 1992; 26 years ago (1992 - 02 - 20) Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Manchester City (3rd title) (2017 -- 18) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) Most appearances Gareth Barry (653) Top goalscorer Alan Shearer (260 goals) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2018 -- 19 Premier League Title: John Terry Passage: Terry made his Chelsea debut on 28 October 1998 as a late substitute in a League Cup tie with Aston Villa; his first start came later that season in an FA Cup third round match, a 2 -- 0 win over Oldham Athletic. He spent a brief period on loan with Nottingham Forest in 2000 to build up his first team experience and was the subject of interest from both Forest manager David Platt and Huddersfield Town manager Steve Bruce. Title: Liverpool F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry Passage: Competition Manchester United wins Draws Liverpool wins League 67 46 55 FA Cup 9 League Cup 0 Europa League 0 Other Total 79 54 65	[ "Andrea Silenzi", "Nottingham Forest F.C." ]
2hop__485221_544917	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Washington Island is an uninhabited island in Lake Superior. It is within the boundary of Keweenaw County and Isle Royale National Park, a national park located within the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the westernmost point marked on most maps of the elongated archipelago that makes up this park. However, a small islet called \"Bottle Island\" and an even smaller shoal that breaks the lake surface, Rock of Ages, are located further westward.", "title": "Washington Island (Michigan)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Carroll County in eastern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Madison. The village of Silver Lake within Madison lies at the north end of the lake. Water from Silver Lake flows via the West Branch, through the Ossipee Pine Barrens to Ossipee Lake and ultimately to the Saco River in Maine.", "title": "Silver Lake (Madison, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Powwow Pond is a water body in Rockingham County in southeastern New Hampshire, United States. The outlet of the pond is located in the town of East Kingston, but most of the lake lies in the town of Kingston. The Powwow River, the outlet of the pond, flows to the Merrimack River in Amesbury, Massachusetts.", "title": "Powwow Pond" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "What's Eating Gilbert Grape was shot in Texas, in various towns and cities; Austin and Pflugerville were primary locations, as well as Manor, where the water tower featured in the film was located.", "title": "What's Eating Gilbert Grape" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Candaba Swamp is located in the Candaba, Pampanga province, 60 km northeast of Manila in the Philippines. It encompasses about 32,000 ha, made of freshwater ponds, swamps and marshes surrounded by seasonally flooded grasslands. The entire area becomes submerged underwater during the wet season. It dries out during the months of November to April. Then the swamp is converted to farmland by the locals. Watermelon and rice are usually planted, comprising the vegetation of the floodplain, together with patches of Nipa palm and some mangrove species.", "title": "Candaba Swamp" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Metropolis Coffee Company is a coffee roasting company, wholesaler and retailer with locations at 1039 W. Granville Avenue and 3057 N. Rockwell Avenue in Chicago, Illinois. The company supplies coffee to hundreds of cafes and restaurants throughout the US, Canada, and Korea. In 2005, they were named by \"Newcity\" as the best place in Chicago to buy coffee beans and noted for their donation of $2 to Oxfam for Tsunami for each pound of beans purchased. Metropolis is also a back-to-back winner of the Good Food Awards, and winner of Roast Magazine's Roaster of the Year - A national roasting competition.", "title": "Metropolis Coffee Company" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River.", "title": "Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Splash Kingdom Waterpark (formerly known as Pharaoh's Lost Kingdom) is an Egyptian-beach themed water park, trampoline park, and concert venue located in Redlands, California, United States. Splash Kingdom is the largest water park in the Inland Empire. The park is known for having the world's tallest enclosed body-flume waterslide, and the world's tallest free-standing water slide tower. Splash Kingdom also has a Fun Park which includes three race cart tracks, bumper boats, and mini golf. The park also boasts a concert amphitheater, sports bar, and arcade.", "title": "Splash Kingdom Waterpark" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lake District is located entirely within the county of Cumbria. All the land in England higher than 3,000 feet (914 m) above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and longest bodies of water in England, Wast Water and Windermere.", "title": "Lake District" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arecibo Catena (Arecibo Vallis until March 2013) is a catena on Mercury. It is located at latitude 27.5 S, longitude 28.4 W, in the hilly and chaotic terrain antipodal to Caloris Basin. It is named after Arecibo Observatory.", "title": "Arecibo Catena" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Coffee Day Global Limited Cafe Coffee Day logo Trading name Café Coffee Day Type Subsidiary of Coffee Day Enterprises Limited Traded as BSE: 539436 NSE: COFFEEDAY (parent company) ISIN INE335K01011 Industry Coffeehouse Founded 1996; 22 years ago (1996) Headquarters Coffee Day Square, Vittal Mallya Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Number of locations 1,556 (17 October 2015) Area served India, Austria, Czech Republic, Malaysia and Egypt Key people V.G. Siddhartha (Chairman) Products Coffee Tea Pastries cappuccino beverages Smoothies Revenue ₹13.26 billion (US $210 million) (2015) Number of employees 5000 + Parent Coffee Day Enterprises Limited Subsidiaries Café Emporio Coffee Day Fresh 'n Ground Coffee Day Xpress Coffee Day Take Away Coffee Day Exports Coffee Day Perfect Coffee Day Beverages Website www.cafecoffeeday.com", "title": "Café Coffee Day" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kuramo Beach is a sandy beach in Lagos, Nigeria, located at the south side of Victoria Island, just east of Bar Beach and south of the Kuramo Waters lagoon. It was the location of numerous illegal shanties and cabins, some of them being used for music entertainment, bars and prostitution. In August 2012, a surge of the Atlantic Ocean hit Kuramo Beach, destroying some of these shacks and killing 16 people. The next day government authorities evacuated the area, demolished the remaining shacks and began to refill the sand.", "title": "Kuramo Beach" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Contoocook Lake () is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Jaffrey and Rindge. The lake, along with Pool Pond, forms the headwaters of the Contoocook River, which flows north to the Merrimack River in Penacook, New Hampshire.", "title": "Contoocook Lake" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nughu is an island in the Solomon Islands; it is located in Guadalcanal Province. The estimated terrain elevation above sea level is some 12 metres.", "title": "Nughu" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Coffee Swamp is a two acre freshwater swamp located on the northern edge of Washington Island, in Door County Wisconsin and is a designated state natural area since 1994. The swamp represents a boreal forest, and hosts a number of plant species including various sedges, ferns and other rare plants.", "title": "Coffee Swamp" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Starbucks Corporation Starbucks headquarters at Starbucks Center in Seattle, Washington Type Public Traded as NASDAQ: SBUX NASDAQ - 100 Component S&P 100 Component S&P 500 Component Industry Coffee shop Founded March 31, 1971; 46 years ago (1971 - 03 - 31) Pike Place Market, Elliott Bay, Seattle, Washington, U.S. Founder Jerry Baldwin Zev Siegl Gordon Bowker Headquarters 2401 Utah Avenue South, Seattle, Washington, U.S. Number of locations 26,696 (2017) Area served Worldwide Key people Howard Schultz (Executive Chairman) Kevin Johnson (President and CEO) Products Coffee beverages smoothies tea baked goods sandwiches Revenue US $19.16 billion (2015) Operating income US $3.6 billion (2015) Net income US $2.76 billion (2015) Total assets US $12.45 billion (2015) Total equity US $5.82 billion (2015) Number of employees 238,000 (2016) Subsidiaries Starbucks Coffee Company Ethos Water Evolution Fresh Hear Music La Boulange Bakery Seattle's Best Coffee Tazo Teavana Torrefazione Italia Website www.starbucks.com", "title": "Starbucks" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fountain of the Mermaid of Lleida is a fountain located in the Parc des Champs Elysees in Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. It features a mermaid holding in a hand a conch, which released the water. The fountain is surrounded by a garden.", "title": "Fountain of the Mermaid of Lleida" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wapizagonke Lake is one of the bodies of water located the sector \"Lac-Wapizagonke\", in the city of Shawinigan, in the La Mauricie National Park, in the region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Wapizagonke Lake" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the Coffea plant. The genus Coffea is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean. The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world. Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India, and Africa. The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and hardier robusta. Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried. Dried coffee seeds (referred to as beans) are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor. Roasted beans are ground and brewed with near - boiling water to produce coffee as a beverage.", "title": "Coffee" } ]	What body of water includes the terrain feature where Coffee Swamp is located?	Lake Superior	[ "Superior" ]	Title: Silver Lake (Madison, New Hampshire) Passage: Silver Lake is a water body located in Carroll County in eastern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Madison. The village of Silver Lake within Madison lies at the north end of the lake. Water from Silver Lake flows via the West Branch, through the Ossipee Pine Barrens to Ossipee Lake and ultimately to the Saco River in Maine. Title: Café Coffee Day Passage: Coffee Day Global Limited Cafe Coffee Day logo Trading name Café Coffee Day Type Subsidiary of Coffee Day Enterprises Limited Traded as BSE: 539436 NSE: COFFEEDAY (parent company) ISIN INE335K01011 Industry Coffeehouse Founded 1996; 22 years ago (1996) Headquarters Coffee Day Square, Vittal Mallya Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Number of locations 1,556 (17 October 2015) Area served India, Austria, Czech Republic, Malaysia and Egypt Key people V.G. Siddhartha (Chairman) Products Coffee Tea Pastries cappuccino beverages Smoothies Revenue ₹13.26 billion (US $210 million) (2015) Number of employees 5000 + Parent Coffee Day Enterprises Limited Subsidiaries Café Emporio Coffee Day Fresh 'n Ground Coffee Day Xpress Coffee Day Take Away Coffee Day Exports Coffee Day Perfect Coffee Day Beverages Website www.cafecoffeeday.com Title: Nughu Passage: Nughu is an island in the Solomon Islands; it is located in Guadalcanal Province. The estimated terrain elevation above sea level is some 12 metres. Title: Splash Kingdom Waterpark Passage: Splash Kingdom Waterpark (formerly known as Pharaoh's Lost Kingdom) is an Egyptian-beach themed water park, trampoline park, and concert venue located in Redlands, California, United States. Splash Kingdom is the largest water park in the Inland Empire. The park is known for having the world's tallest enclosed body-flume waterslide, and the world's tallest free-standing water slide tower. Splash Kingdom also has a Fun Park which includes three race cart tracks, bumper boats, and mini golf. The park also boasts a concert amphitheater, sports bar, and arcade. Title: Kuramo Beach Passage: Kuramo Beach is a sandy beach in Lagos, Nigeria, located at the south side of Victoria Island, just east of Bar Beach and south of the Kuramo Waters lagoon. It was the location of numerous illegal shanties and cabins, some of them being used for music entertainment, bars and prostitution. In August 2012, a surge of the Atlantic Ocean hit Kuramo Beach, destroying some of these shacks and killing 16 people. The next day government authorities evacuated the area, demolished the remaining shacks and began to refill the sand. Title: Washington Island (Michigan) Passage: Washington Island is an uninhabited island in Lake Superior. It is within the boundary of Keweenaw County and Isle Royale National Park, a national park located within the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the westernmost point marked on most maps of the elongated archipelago that makes up this park. However, a small islet called "Bottle Island" and an even smaller shoal that breaks the lake surface, Rock of Ages, are located further westward. Title: What's Eating Gilbert Grape Passage: What's Eating Gilbert Grape was shot in Texas, in various towns and cities; Austin and Pflugerville were primary locations, as well as Manor, where the water tower featured in the film was located. Title: Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire) Passage: Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River. Title: Coffee Passage: Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the Coffea plant. The genus Coffea is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean. The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world. Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India, and Africa. The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and hardier robusta. Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried. Dried coffee seeds (referred to as beans) are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor. Roasted beans are ground and brewed with near - boiling water to produce coffee as a beverage. Title: Lake District Passage: The Lake District is located entirely within the county of Cumbria. All the land in England higher than 3,000 feet (914 m) above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and longest bodies of water in England, Wast Water and Windermere. Title: Starbucks Passage: Starbucks Corporation Starbucks headquarters at Starbucks Center in Seattle, Washington Type Public Traded as NASDAQ: SBUX NASDAQ - 100 Component S&P 100 Component S&P 500 Component Industry Coffee shop Founded March 31, 1971; 46 years ago (1971 - 03 - 31) Pike Place Market, Elliott Bay, Seattle, Washington, U.S. Founder Jerry Baldwin Zev Siegl Gordon Bowker Headquarters 2401 Utah Avenue South, Seattle, Washington, U.S. Number of locations 26,696 (2017) Area served Worldwide Key people Howard Schultz (Executive Chairman) Kevin Johnson (President and CEO) Products Coffee beverages smoothies tea baked goods sandwiches Revenue US $19.16 billion (2015) Operating income US $3.6 billion (2015) Net income US $2.76 billion (2015) Total assets US $12.45 billion (2015) Total equity US $5.82 billion (2015) Number of employees 238,000 (2016) Subsidiaries Starbucks Coffee Company Ethos Water Evolution Fresh Hear Music La Boulange Bakery Seattle's Best Coffee Tazo Teavana Torrefazione Italia Website www.starbucks.com Title: Powwow Pond Passage: Powwow Pond is a water body in Rockingham County in southeastern New Hampshire, United States. The outlet of the pond is located in the town of East Kingston, but most of the lake lies in the town of Kingston. The Powwow River, the outlet of the pond, flows to the Merrimack River in Amesbury, Massachusetts. Title: Coffee Swamp Passage: Coffee Swamp is a two acre freshwater swamp located on the northern edge of Washington Island, in Door County Wisconsin and is a designated state natural area since 1994. The swamp represents a boreal forest, and hosts a number of plant species including various sedges, ferns and other rare plants. Title: Contoocook Lake Passage: Contoocook Lake () is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Jaffrey and Rindge. The lake, along with Pool Pond, forms the headwaters of the Contoocook River, which flows north to the Merrimack River in Penacook, New Hampshire. Title: Wapizagonke Lake Passage: The Wapizagonke Lake is one of the bodies of water located the sector "Lac-Wapizagonke", in the city of Shawinigan, in the La Mauricie National Park, in the region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada. Title: Arecibo Catena Passage: Arecibo Catena (Arecibo Vallis until March 2013) is a catena on Mercury. It is located at latitude 27.5 S, longitude 28.4 W, in the hilly and chaotic terrain antipodal to Caloris Basin. It is named after Arecibo Observatory. Title: Metropolis Coffee Company Passage: Metropolis Coffee Company is a coffee roasting company, wholesaler and retailer with locations at 1039 W. Granville Avenue and 3057 N. Rockwell Avenue in Chicago, Illinois. The company supplies coffee to hundreds of cafes and restaurants throughout the US, Canada, and Korea. In 2005, they were named by "Newcity" as the best place in Chicago to buy coffee beans and noted for their donation of $2 to Oxfam for Tsunami for each pound of beans purchased. Metropolis is also a back-to-back winner of the Good Food Awards, and winner of Roast Magazine's Roaster of the Year - A national roasting competition. Title: Fountain of the Mermaid of Lleida Passage: The Fountain of the Mermaid of Lleida is a fountain located in the Parc des Champs Elysees in Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. It features a mermaid holding in a hand a conch, which released the water. The fountain is surrounded by a garden. Title: Candaba Swamp Passage: Candaba Swamp is located in the Candaba, Pampanga province, 60 km northeast of Manila in the Philippines. It encompasses about 32,000 ha, made of freshwater ponds, swamps and marshes surrounded by seasonally flooded grasslands. The entire area becomes submerged underwater during the wet season. It dries out during the months of November to April. Then the swamp is converted to farmland by the locals. Watermelon and rice are usually planted, comprising the vegetation of the floodplain, together with patches of Nipa palm and some mangrove species.	[ "Washington Island (Michigan)", "Coffee Swamp" ]
2hop__754826_7292	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leo Wright (December 14, 1933 in Wichita Falls, Texas – January 4, 1991 in Vienna) was an American jazz musician who played alto saxophone, flute and clarinet. He played with Charles Mingus, Kenny Burrell, Johnny Coles, Blue Mitchell and Dizzy Gillespie in the late 1950s, early 1960s and in the late 1970s.", "title": "Leo Wright" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Reese and the Smooth Ones is a 1969 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded in Paris for the French BYG Actuel label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell and Malachi Favors Maghostut.", "title": "Reese and the Smooth Ones" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label.", "title": "Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "M.F. Horn Two is a 1972 big band jazz album by Canadian jazz trumpeter Maynard Ferguson. It features cover versions of many songs that were popular in the years leading up to its production, including: \"Theme from Shaft\" by Isaac Hayes, \"Country Road\" by James Taylor, \"Mother\" by John Lennon, \"Spinning Wheel\" by David Clayton-Thomas and \"Hey Jude\" by The Beatles. It also features a track called \"Free Wheeler\" written by another highly regarded jazz trumpeter and flugelhorn player, Kenny Wheeler.", "title": "M.F. Horn Two" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In its early years of existence, the smooth jazz format was considered to be a form of AC, although it was mainly instrumental, and related a stronger resemblance to the soft AC-styled music. For many years, artists like George Benson, Kenny G and Dave Koz had crossover hits that were played on both smooth jazz and soft AC stations.", "title": "Adult contemporary music" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hans Mathisen (born 27 July 1967 in Sandefjord, Norway) is a Norwegian Jazz guitarist, educated on the Jazzprogram at Trondheim musikkonservatorium (1988–90), well known for his Pat Metheny and Wes Montgomery inspired performances. He is the brother of Jazz musicians Per Mathisen (bass), Nils Mathisen (keyboards, guitar and violon) and Ole Mathisen (saxophone and clarinet).", "title": "Hans Mathisen" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bob Franceschini (born 1961) is an American jazz saxophonist, songwriter, and arranger. He also plays clarinet and ethnic flutes. He has appeared on more than eighty albums of other recording artists, including those of Mike Stern, Paul Simon, and Willie Colón. He, Bob Reynolds and Bob Hemenger have hosted two saxophone retreats in Nashville called the Inside Outside Saxophone Retreat.", "title": "Bob Franceschini" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barefoot on the Beach is a smooth jazz album by American singer-songwriter Michael Franks, released in 1999 by Windham Hill Records.", "title": "Barefoot on the Beach" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label. The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn.", "title": "Jazz Contemporary" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Golden 8 is an album by American jazz drummer Kenny Clarke and Belgian jazz composer and pianist Francy Boland recorded in Köln in 1961 and released on the Blue Note label. The album established the relationship which led to the formation of the Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band.", "title": "The Golden 8" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Saxophonic is the seventh studio album by saxophone player Dave Koz. It was released by Capitol Records on October 7, 2003. The album peaked at number 2 on Billboard Jazz Albums chart.", "title": "Saxophonic" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seeds from the Underground is a studio album by Kenny Garrett. It was released on April 10, 2012, on Mack Avenue Records and received two Grammy nominations in Best Jazz Instrumental Album and Best Improvised Jazz Solo categories, as well as a NAACP Image Award nomination in Outstanding Jazz Album category, a Soul Train Award nomination in Best Traditional Jazz Artist/Group category, a Jazz Awards nomination for Alto Saxophonist of the Year and an Echo Award win in the Saxophonist of the Year category.", "title": "Seeds from the Underground" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seattle is considered the home of grunge music, having produced artists such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Mudhoney, all of whom reached international audiences in the early 1990s. The city is also home to such varied artists as avant-garde jazz musicians Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz, hot jazz musician Glenn Crytzer, hip hop artists Sir Mix-a-Lot, Macklemore, Blue Scholars, and Shabazz Palaces, smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G, classic rock staples Heart and Queensrÿche, and alternative rock bands such as Foo Fighters, Harvey Danger, The Presidents of the United States of America, The Posies, Modest Mouse, Band of Horses, Death Cab for Cutie, and Fleet Foxes. Rock musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, Duff McKagan, and Nikki Sixx spent their formative years in Seattle.", "title": "Seattle" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Multidirection is the second album by American jazz pianist Kenny Cox featuring performances recorded in 1969 and released on the Blue Note label. The album was reissued as bonus tracks with Cox's first Blue Note album \"Introducing Kenny Cox\".", "title": "Multidirection" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances with Ernie Henry recorded in 1957 and released on the Riverside label. This was Henry's last recording session.", "title": "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WUOT (91.9 FM) is the National Public Radio member station in Knoxville, Tennessee. Owned by the University of Tennessee, it airs a mix of news, classical music and jazz, along with programming from NPR, American Public Media and Public Radio International. The station is also broadcast on HD radio. It primarily features classical music programming, but carries NPR news programs daily, as well as jazz music for ninety minutes every weeknight and all evening on Fridays and folk music Saturday evenings. Its studios are located in the Communications Building on the UT campus.", "title": "WUOT" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Firebirds is a 1968 album by two American jazz musicians, Prince Lasha (alto saxophone, flute, alto clarinet) and Sonny Simmons (alto saxophone, English horn). Other participating musicians in this album were bassist Buster Williams, drummer Charles Moffett and vibraphonist Bobby Hutcherson.", "title": "Firebirds (album)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arturo Tappin is a smooth jazz and jazz/reggae saxophonist from Barbados. He has performed with Roberta Flack, Monty Alexander, and on an album by Luther Vandross.", "title": "Arturo Tappin" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541.", "title": "Tijuana Jazz" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Don Hassler (June 6, 1929 – August 20, 2013) was an American composer, musician, and A&R representative. He is known for his membership and performances in jazz bands and symphonic orchestras, in which he played the saxophone and bassoon. He also served in military bands for seventeen years, including as the commander of the 63rd Infantry Division Band.", "title": "Don Hassler" } ]	Which artist was featured on smooth jazz stations, along with Kenny G and the performer of Saxophonic?	George Benson	[]	Title: 2 Horns / 2 Rhythm Passage: 2 Horns / 2 Rhythm is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances with Ernie Henry recorded in 1957 and released on the Riverside label. This was Henry's last recording session. Title: Multidirection Passage: Multidirection is the second album by American jazz pianist Kenny Cox featuring performances recorded in 1969 and released on the Blue Note label. The album was reissued as bonus tracks with Cox's first Blue Note album "Introducing Kenny Cox". Title: The Golden 8 Passage: The Golden 8 is an album by American jazz drummer Kenny Clarke and Belgian jazz composer and pianist Francy Boland recorded in Köln in 1961 and released on the Blue Note label. The album established the relationship which led to the formation of the Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band. Title: Adult contemporary music Passage: In its early years of existence, the smooth jazz format was considered to be a form of AC, although it was mainly instrumental, and related a stronger resemblance to the soft AC-styled music. For many years, artists like George Benson, Kenny G and Dave Koz had crossover hits that were played on both smooth jazz and soft AC stations. Title: Bob Franceschini Passage: Bob Franceschini (born 1961) is an American jazz saxophonist, songwriter, and arranger. He also plays clarinet and ethnic flutes. He has appeared on more than eighty albums of other recording artists, including those of Mike Stern, Paul Simon, and Willie Colón. He, Bob Reynolds and Bob Hemenger have hosted two saxophone retreats in Nashville called the Inside Outside Saxophone Retreat. Title: Saxophonic Passage: Saxophonic is the seventh studio album by saxophone player Dave Koz. It was released by Capitol Records on October 7, 2003. The album peaked at number 2 on Billboard Jazz Albums chart. Title: M.F. Horn Two Passage: M.F. Horn Two is a 1972 big band jazz album by Canadian jazz trumpeter Maynard Ferguson. It features cover versions of many songs that were popular in the years leading up to its production, including: "Theme from Shaft" by Isaac Hayes, "Country Road" by James Taylor, "Mother" by John Lennon, "Spinning Wheel" by David Clayton-Thomas and "Hey Jude" by The Beatles. It also features a track called "Free Wheeler" written by another highly regarded jazz trumpeter and flugelhorn player, Kenny Wheeler. Title: WUOT Passage: WUOT (91.9 FM) is the National Public Radio member station in Knoxville, Tennessee. Owned by the University of Tennessee, it airs a mix of news, classical music and jazz, along with programming from NPR, American Public Media and Public Radio International. The station is also broadcast on HD radio. It primarily features classical music programming, but carries NPR news programs daily, as well as jazz music for ninety minutes every weeknight and all evening on Fridays and folk music Saturday evenings. Its studios are located in the Communications Building on the UT campus. Title: Hans Mathisen Passage: Hans Mathisen (born 27 July 1967 in Sandefjord, Norway) is a Norwegian Jazz guitarist, educated on the Jazzprogram at Trondheim musikkonservatorium (1988–90), well known for his Pat Metheny and Wes Montgomery inspired performances. He is the brother of Jazz musicians Per Mathisen (bass), Nils Mathisen (keyboards, guitar and violon) and Ole Mathisen (saxophone and clarinet). Title: Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album) Passage: Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label. Title: Reese and the Smooth Ones Passage: Reese and the Smooth Ones is a 1969 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded in Paris for the French BYG Actuel label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell and Malachi Favors Maghostut. Title: Seeds from the Underground Passage: Seeds from the Underground is a studio album by Kenny Garrett. It was released on April 10, 2012, on Mack Avenue Records and received two Grammy nominations in Best Jazz Instrumental Album and Best Improvised Jazz Solo categories, as well as a NAACP Image Award nomination in Outstanding Jazz Album category, a Soul Train Award nomination in Best Traditional Jazz Artist/Group category, a Jazz Awards nomination for Alto Saxophonist of the Year and an Echo Award win in the Saxophonist of the Year category. Title: Tijuana Jazz Passage: Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541. Title: Don Hassler Passage: Don Hassler (June 6, 1929 – August 20, 2013) was an American composer, musician, and A&R representative. He is known for his membership and performances in jazz bands and symphonic orchestras, in which he played the saxophone and bassoon. He also served in military bands for seventeen years, including as the commander of the 63rd Infantry Division Band. Title: Arturo Tappin Passage: Arturo Tappin is a smooth jazz and jazz/reggae saxophonist from Barbados. He has performed with Roberta Flack, Monty Alexander, and on an album by Luther Vandross. Title: Leo Wright Passage: Leo Wright (December 14, 1933 in Wichita Falls, Texas – January 4, 1991 in Vienna) was an American jazz musician who played alto saxophone, flute and clarinet. He played with Charles Mingus, Kenny Burrell, Johnny Coles, Blue Mitchell and Dizzy Gillespie in the late 1950s, early 1960s and in the late 1970s. Title: Jazz Contemporary Passage: Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label. The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn. Title: Seattle Passage: Seattle is considered the home of grunge music, having produced artists such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Mudhoney, all of whom reached international audiences in the early 1990s. The city is also home to such varied artists as avant-garde jazz musicians Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz, hot jazz musician Glenn Crytzer, hip hop artists Sir Mix-a-Lot, Macklemore, Blue Scholars, and Shabazz Palaces, smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G, classic rock staples Heart and Queensrÿche, and alternative rock bands such as Foo Fighters, Harvey Danger, The Presidents of the United States of America, The Posies, Modest Mouse, Band of Horses, Death Cab for Cutie, and Fleet Foxes. Rock musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, Duff McKagan, and Nikki Sixx spent their formative years in Seattle. Title: Firebirds (album) Passage: Firebirds is a 1968 album by two American jazz musicians, Prince Lasha (alto saxophone, flute, alto clarinet) and Sonny Simmons (alto saxophone, English horn). Other participating musicians in this album were bassist Buster Williams, drummer Charles Moffett and vibraphonist Bobby Hutcherson. Title: Barefoot on the Beach Passage: Barefoot on the Beach is a smooth jazz album by American singer-songwriter Michael Franks, released in 1999 by Windham Hill Records.	[ "Adult contemporary music", "Saxophonic" ]
2hop__21104_16334	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyborg anthropology originated as a sub-focus group within the American Anthropological Association's annual meeting in 1993. The sub-group was very closely related to STS and the Society for the Social Studies of Science. Donna Haraway's 1985 Cyborg Manifesto could be considered the founding document of cyborg anthropology by first exploring the philosophical and sociological ramifications of the term. Cyborg anthropology studies humankind and its relations with the technological systems it has built, specifically modern technological systems that have reflexively shaped notions of what it means to be human beings.", "title": "Anthropology" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Before 2006, geneticists had largely attributed the ethnogenesis of most of the world's Jewish populations, including Ashkenazi Jews, to Israelite Jewish male migrants from the Middle East and \"the women from each local population whom they took as wives and converted to Judaism.\" Thus, in 2002, in line with this model of origin, David Goldstein, now of Duke University, reported that unlike male Ashkenazi lineages, the female lineages in Ashkenazi Jewish communities \"did not seem to be Middle Eastern\", and that each community had its own genetic pattern and even that \"in some cases the mitochondrial DNA was closely related to that of the host community.\" In his view this suggested \"that Jewish men had arrived from the Middle East, taken wives from the host population and converted them to Judaism, after which there was no further intermarriage with non-Jews.\"", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries. In comparison with data available from other relevant populations in the region, Jews were found to be more closely related to groups in the north of the Fertile Crescent. The authors also report on Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes, which are very frequent in Central and Eastern Europeans (54%–60%) at elevated frequency (12.7%) in Ashkenazi Jews. They hypothesized that the differences among Ashkenazim Jews could reflect low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation. A later 2005 study by Nebel et al., found a similar level of 11.5% of male Ashkenazim belonging to R1a1a (M17+), the dominant Y-chromosome haplogroup in Central and Eastern Europeans.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi make up less than 74% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ashkenazi Jews represent the bulk of modern Jewry, with at least 70% of Jews worldwide (and up to 90% prior to World War II and the Holocaust). As a result of their emigration from Europe, Ashkenazim also represent the overwhelming majority of Jews in the New World continents, in countries such as the United States, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and Brazil. In France, the immigration of Jews from Algeria (Sephardim) has led them to outnumber the Ashkenazim. Only in Israel is the Jewish population representative of all groups, a melting pot independent of each group's proportion within the overall world Jewish population.", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationships among all major Jewish groups, including Ashkenazim, as well as the genetic relationship between these Jewish groups and non-Jewish ethnic populations. The study found that contemporary Jews (excluding Indian and Ethiopian Jews) have a close genetic relationship with people from the Levant. The authors explained that \"the most parsimonious explanation for these observations is a common genetic origin, which is consistent with an historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant\".", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Despite their soft, gelatinous bodies, fossils thought to represent ctenophores, apparently with no tentacles but many more comb-rows than modern forms, have been found in lagerstätten as far back as the early Cambrian, about 515 million years ago. The position of the ctenophores in the evolutionary family tree of animals has long been debated, and the majority view at present, based on molecular phylogenetics, is that cnidarians and bilaterians are more closely related to each other than either is to ctenophores. A recent molecular phylogenetics analysis concluded that the common ancestor of all modern ctenophores was cydippid-like, and that all the modern groups appeared relatively recently, probably after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago. Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that the \"cydippids\" are not monophyletic, in other words do not include all and only the descendants of a single common ancestor, because all the other traditional ctenophore groups are descendants of various cydippids.", "title": "Ctenophora" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are more than 900 million Protestants worldwide,[ad] among approximately 2.4 billion Christians.[ae] In 2010, a total of more than 800 million included 300 million in Sub-Saharan Africa, 260 million in the Americas, 140 million in Asia-Pacific region, 100 million in Europe and 2 million in Middle East-North Africa. Protestants account for nearly forty percent of Christians worldwide and more than one tenth of the total human population. Various estimates put the percentage of Protestants in relation to the total number of world's Christians at 33%, 36%, 36.7%, and 40%, while in relation to the world's population at 11.6% and 13%.", "title": "Protestantism" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "58.1% of the population described themselves in the 2011 census return as being at least nominally Christian and 0.8% as Muslim with all other religions represented by less than 0.5% each. The portion of people without a religion is 32.9%; above the national average of 24.7%. 7.1% did not state their religious belief. Since the 2001 Census, the number of Christians and Jews has decreased (-16% and -7% respectively), while all other religions have increased and non-religious people have almost doubled in number.", "title": "Plymouth" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 2013 trans-genome study carried out by 30 geneticists, from 13 universities and academies, from 9 countries, assembling the largest data set available to date, for assessment of Ashkenazi Jewish genetic origins found no evidence of Khazar origin among Ashkenazi Jews. \"Thus, analysis of Ashkenazi Jews together with a large sample from the region of the Khazar Khaganate corroborates the earlier results that Ashkenazi Jews derive their ancestry primarily from populations of the Middle East and Europe, that they possess considerable shared ancestry with other Jewish populations, and that there is no indication of a significant genetic contribution either from within or from north of the Caucasus region\", the authors concluded.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Genetic studies on Jews show that most Jews worldwide bear a common genetic heritage which originates in the Middle East, and that they bear their strongest resemblance to the peoples of the Fertile Crescent. The genetic composition of different Jewish groups shows that Jews share a common genetic pool dating back 4,000 years, as a marker of their common ancestral origin. Despite their long-term separation and beside their shared genetic origin, Jews also maintained a common culture, tradition, and language.", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates \"the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity.\"[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the claim that present-day Jews are more closely related to one another than to neighbouring non-Jewish populations. Hammer et al. found that the degree of genetic similarity among Jews shifted depending on the locus investigated, and suggested that this was the result of natural selection acting on particular loci. They focused on the non-recombining Y-chromosome to \"circumvent some of the complications associated with selection\".", "title": "Race (human categorization)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A study of haplotypes of the Y-chromosome, published in 2000, addressed the paternal origins of Ashkenazi Jews. Hammer et al. found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population. This suggested that the male ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to the Middle East. The proportion of male genetic admixture in Ashkenazi Jews amounts to less than 0.5% per generation over an estimated 80 generations, with \"relatively minor contribution of European Y chromosomes to the Ashkenazim,\" and a total admixture estimate \"very similar to Motulsky's average estimate of 12.5%.\" This supported the finding that \"Diaspora Jews from Europe, Northwest Africa, and the Near East resemble each other more closely than they resemble their non-Jewish neighbors.\" \"Past research found that 50–80 percent of DNA from the Ashkenazi Y chromosome, which is used to trace the male lineage, originated in the Near East,\" Richards said.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group. The research demonstrates the endogamy of the Jewish population in Europe and lends further credence to the idea of Ashkenazi Jews as an ethnic group. Moreover, though intermarriage among Jews of Ashkenazi descent has become increasingly common, many Haredi Jews, particularly members of Hasidic or Hareidi sects, continue to marry exclusively fellow Ashkenazi Jews. This trend keeps Ashkenazi genes prevalent and also helps researchers further study the genes of Ashkenazi Jews with relative ease. It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 2010 study by Bray et al., using SNP microarray techniques and linkage analysis found that when assuming Druze and Palestinian Arab populations to represent the reference to world Jewry ancestor genome, between 35 to 55 percent of the modern Ashkenazi genome can possibly be of European origin, and that European \"admixture is considerably higher than previous estimates by studies that used the Y chromosome\" with this reference point. Assuming this reference point the linkage disequilibrium in the Ashkenazi Jewish population was interpreted as \"matches signs of interbreeding or 'admixture' between Middle Eastern and European populations\". On the Bray et al. tree, Ashkenazi Jews were found to be a genetically more divergent population than Russians, Orcadians, French, Basques, Italians, Sardinians and Tuscans. The study also observed that Ashkenazim are more diverse than their Middle Eastern relatives, which was counterintuitive because Ashkenazim are supposed to be a subset, not a superset, of their assumed geographical source population. Bray et al. therefore postulate that these results reflect not the population antiquity but a history of mixing between genetically distinct populations in Europe. However, it's possible that the relaxation of marriage prescription in the ancestors of Ashkenazim that drove their heterozygosity up, while the maintenance of the FBD rule in native Middle Easterners have been keeping their heterozygosity values in check. Ashkenazim distinctiveness as found in the Bray et al. study, therefore, may come from their ethnic endogamy (ethnic inbreeding), which allowed them to \"mine\" their ancestral gene pool in the context of relative reproductive isolation from European neighbors, and not from clan endogamy (clan inbreeding). Consequently, their higher diversity compared to Middle Easterners stems from the latter's marriage practices, not necessarily from the former's admixture with Europeans.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A 2010 study on Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. stated \"Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation of Ashkenazi Jewry\", as both groups – the Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews – shared common ancestors in the Middle East about 2500 years ago. The study examines genetic markers spread across the entire genome and shows that the Jewish groups (Ashkenazi and non Ashkenazi) share large swaths of DNA, indicating close relationships and that each of the Jewish groups in the study (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek and Ashkenazi) has its own genetic signature but is more closely related to the other Jewish groups than to their fellow non-Jewish countrymen. Atzmon's team found that the SNP markers in genetic segments of 3 million DNA letters or longer were 10 times more likely to be identical among Jews than non-Jews. Results of the analysis also tally with biblical accounts of the fate of the Jews. The study also found that with respect to non-Jewish European groups, the population most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews are modern-day Italians. The study speculated that the genetic-similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be due to inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire. It was also found that any two Ashkenazi Jewish participants in the study shared about as much DNA as fourth or fifth cousins.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Y DNA studies tend to imply a small number of founders in an old population whose members parted and followed different migration paths. In most Jewish populations, these male line ancestors appear to have been mainly Middle Eastern. For example, Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with other Jewish and Middle Eastern groups than with non-Jewish populations in areas where Jews lived in Eastern Europe, Germany and the French Rhine Valley. This is consistent with Jewish traditions in placing most Jewish paternal origins in the region of the Middle East. Conversely, the maternal lineages of Jewish populations, studied by looking at mitochondrial DNA, are generally more heterogeneous. Scholars such as Harry Ostrer and Raphael Falk believe this indicates that many Jewish males found new mates from European and other communities in the places where they migrated in the diaspora after fleeing ancient Israel. In contrast, Behar has found evidence that about 40% of Ashkenazi Jews originate maternally from just four female founders, who were of Middle Eastern origin. The populations of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jewish communities \"showed no evidence for a narrow founder effect.\" Subsequent studies carried out by Feder et al. confirmed the large portion of non-local maternal origin among Ashkenazi Jews. Reflecting on their findings related to the maternal origin of Ashkenazi Jews, the authors conclude \"Clearly, the differences between Jews and non-Jews are far larger than those observed among the Jewish communities. Hence, differences between the Jewish communities can be overlooked when non-Jews are included in the comparisons.\"", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Build - A-Bear Workshop was founded by Maxine Clark in 1997, with its first store in the Saint Louis Galleria. By 2010, the store had sold over 50 million bears and had over 400 stores in operation worldwide in Australia, Bahrain, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Japan, Kuwait, Mexico, Norway, Qatar, Singapore, South Africa, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and the United Kingdom. The chain also originally had at least one store in Brazil and one in Oman, but both have since closed for reasons undisclosed.", "title": "Build-A-Bear Workshop" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Haysville is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, U.S., along the Ohio River. The population was 70 according to the 2010 census, making it the least-populated municipality (out of 130) in Allegheny County.", "title": "Haysville, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of April 1, 2010, the date of the 2010 United States Census, the nine most populous U.S. states contain slightly more than half of the total population. The 25 least populous states contain less than one - sixth of the total population. California, the most populous state, contains more people than the 21 least populous states combined.", "title": "List of states and territories of the United States by population" } ]	The 2010 study found that what modern population is most closely related to the group that represents at least 70% of Jews worldwide?	modern-day Italians	[]	Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: Before 2006, geneticists had largely attributed the ethnogenesis of most of the world's Jewish populations, including Ashkenazi Jews, to Israelite Jewish male migrants from the Middle East and "the women from each local population whom they took as wives and converted to Judaism." Thus, in 2002, in line with this model of origin, David Goldstein, now of Duke University, reported that unlike male Ashkenazi lineages, the female lineages in Ashkenazi Jewish communities "did not seem to be Middle Eastern", and that each community had its own genetic pattern and even that "in some cases the mitochondrial DNA was closely related to that of the host community." In his view this suggested "that Jewish men had arrived from the Middle East, taken wives from the host population and converted them to Judaism, after which there was no further intermarriage with non-Jews." Title: Plymouth Passage: 58.1% of the population described themselves in the 2011 census return as being at least nominally Christian and 0.8% as Muslim with all other religions represented by less than 0.5% each. The portion of people without a religion is 32.9%; above the national average of 24.7%. 7.1% did not state their religious belief. Since the 2001 Census, the number of Christians and Jews has decreased (-16% and -7% respectively), while all other religions have increased and non-religious people have almost doubled in number. Title: Anthropology Passage: Cyborg anthropology originated as a sub-focus group within the American Anthropological Association's annual meeting in 1993. The sub-group was very closely related to STS and the Society for the Social Studies of Science. Donna Haraway's 1985 Cyborg Manifesto could be considered the founding document of cyborg anthropology by first exploring the philosophical and sociological ramifications of the term. Cyborg anthropology studies humankind and its relations with the technological systems it has built, specifically modern technological systems that have reflexively shaped notions of what it means to be human beings. Title: Protestantism Passage: There are more than 900 million Protestants worldwide,[ad] among approximately 2.4 billion Christians.[ae] In 2010, a total of more than 800 million included 300 million in Sub-Saharan Africa, 260 million in the Americas, 140 million in Asia-Pacific region, 100 million in Europe and 2 million in Middle East-North Africa. Protestants account for nearly forty percent of Christians worldwide and more than one tenth of the total human population. Various estimates put the percentage of Protestants in relation to the total number of world's Christians at 33%, 36%, 36.7%, and 40%, while in relation to the world's population at 11.6% and 13%. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group. The research demonstrates the endogamy of the Jewish population in Europe and lends further credence to the idea of Ashkenazi Jews as an ethnic group. Moreover, though intermarriage among Jews of Ashkenazi descent has become increasingly common, many Haredi Jews, particularly members of Hasidic or Hareidi sects, continue to marry exclusively fellow Ashkenazi Jews. This trend keeps Ashkenazi genes prevalent and also helps researchers further study the genes of Ashkenazi Jews with relative ease. It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2013 trans-genome study carried out by 30 geneticists, from 13 universities and academies, from 9 countries, assembling the largest data set available to date, for assessment of Ashkenazi Jewish genetic origins found no evidence of Khazar origin among Ashkenazi Jews. "Thus, analysis of Ashkenazi Jews together with a large sample from the region of the Khazar Khaganate corroborates the earlier results that Ashkenazi Jews derive their ancestry primarily from populations of the Middle East and Europe, that they possess considerable shared ancestry with other Jewish populations, and that there is no indication of a significant genetic contribution either from within or from north of the Caucasus region", the authors concluded. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi make up less than 74% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide. Title: Haysville, Pennsylvania Passage: Haysville is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, U.S., along the Ohio River. The population was 70 according to the 2010 census, making it the least-populated municipality (out of 130) in Allegheny County. Title: Race (human categorization) Passage: Abu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates "the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity."[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the claim that present-day Jews are more closely related to one another than to neighbouring non-Jewish populations. Hammer et al. found that the degree of genetic similarity among Jews shifted depending on the locus investigated, and suggested that this was the result of natural selection acting on particular loci. They focused on the non-recombining Y-chromosome to "circumvent some of the complications associated with selection". Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2010 study on Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. stated "Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation of Ashkenazi Jewry", as both groups – the Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews – shared common ancestors in the Middle East about 2500 years ago. The study examines genetic markers spread across the entire genome and shows that the Jewish groups (Ashkenazi and non Ashkenazi) share large swaths of DNA, indicating close relationships and that each of the Jewish groups in the study (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek and Ashkenazi) has its own genetic signature but is more closely related to the other Jewish groups than to their fellow non-Jewish countrymen. Atzmon's team found that the SNP markers in genetic segments of 3 million DNA letters or longer were 10 times more likely to be identical among Jews than non-Jews. Results of the analysis also tally with biblical accounts of the fate of the Jews. The study also found that with respect to non-Jewish European groups, the population most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews are modern-day Italians. The study speculated that the genetic-similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be due to inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire. It was also found that any two Ashkenazi Jewish participants in the study shared about as much DNA as fourth or fifth cousins. Title: Ctenophora Passage: Despite their soft, gelatinous bodies, fossils thought to represent ctenophores, apparently with no tentacles but many more comb-rows than modern forms, have been found in lagerstätten as far back as the early Cambrian, about 515 million years ago. The position of the ctenophores in the evolutionary family tree of animals has long been debated, and the majority view at present, based on molecular phylogenetics, is that cnidarians and bilaterians are more closely related to each other than either is to ctenophores. A recent molecular phylogenetics analysis concluded that the common ancestor of all modern ctenophores was cydippid-like, and that all the modern groups appeared relatively recently, probably after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago. Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that the "cydippids" are not monophyletic, in other words do not include all and only the descendants of a single common ancestor, because all the other traditional ctenophore groups are descendants of various cydippids. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2010 study by Bray et al., using SNP microarray techniques and linkage analysis found that when assuming Druze and Palestinian Arab populations to represent the reference to world Jewry ancestor genome, between 35 to 55 percent of the modern Ashkenazi genome can possibly be of European origin, and that European "admixture is considerably higher than previous estimates by studies that used the Y chromosome" with this reference point. Assuming this reference point the linkage disequilibrium in the Ashkenazi Jewish population was interpreted as "matches signs of interbreeding or 'admixture' between Middle Eastern and European populations". On the Bray et al. tree, Ashkenazi Jews were found to be a genetically more divergent population than Russians, Orcadians, French, Basques, Italians, Sardinians and Tuscans. The study also observed that Ashkenazim are more diverse than their Middle Eastern relatives, which was counterintuitive because Ashkenazim are supposed to be a subset, not a superset, of their assumed geographical source population. Bray et al. therefore postulate that these results reflect not the population antiquity but a history of mixing between genetically distinct populations in Europe. However, it's possible that the relaxation of marriage prescription in the ancestors of Ashkenazim that drove their heterozygosity up, while the maintenance of the FBD rule in native Middle Easterners have been keeping their heterozygosity values in check. Ashkenazim distinctiveness as found in the Bray et al. study, therefore, may come from their ethnic endogamy (ethnic inbreeding), which allowed them to "mine" their ancestral gene pool in the context of relative reproductive isolation from European neighbors, and not from clan endogamy (clan inbreeding). Consequently, their higher diversity compared to Middle Easterners stems from the latter's marriage practices, not necessarily from the former's admixture with Europeans. Title: Build-A-Bear Workshop Passage: Build - A-Bear Workshop was founded by Maxine Clark in 1997, with its first store in the Saint Louis Galleria. By 2010, the store had sold over 50 million bears and had over 400 stores in operation worldwide in Australia, Bahrain, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Japan, Kuwait, Mexico, Norway, Qatar, Singapore, South Africa, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and the United Kingdom. The chain also originally had at least one store in Brazil and one in Oman, but both have since closed for reasons undisclosed. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationships among all major Jewish groups, including Ashkenazim, as well as the genetic relationship between these Jewish groups and non-Jewish ethnic populations. The study found that contemporary Jews (excluding Indian and Ethiopian Jews) have a close genetic relationship with people from the Levant. The authors explained that "the most parsimonious explanation for these observations is a common genetic origin, which is consistent with an historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant". Title: Jews Passage: Genetic studies on Jews show that most Jews worldwide bear a common genetic heritage which originates in the Middle East, and that they bear their strongest resemblance to the peoples of the Fertile Crescent. The genetic composition of different Jewish groups shows that Jews share a common genetic pool dating back 4,000 years, as a marker of their common ancestral origin. Despite their long-term separation and beside their shared genetic origin, Jews also maintained a common culture, tradition, and language. Title: Jews Passage: Ashkenazi Jews represent the bulk of modern Jewry, with at least 70% of Jews worldwide (and up to 90% prior to World War II and the Holocaust). As a result of their emigration from Europe, Ashkenazim also represent the overwhelming majority of Jews in the New World continents, in countries such as the United States, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and Brazil. In France, the immigration of Jews from Algeria (Sephardim) has led them to outnumber the Ashkenazim. Only in Israel is the Jewish population representative of all groups, a melting pot independent of each group's proportion within the overall world Jewish population. Title: Jews Passage: Y DNA studies tend to imply a small number of founders in an old population whose members parted and followed different migration paths. In most Jewish populations, these male line ancestors appear to have been mainly Middle Eastern. For example, Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with other Jewish and Middle Eastern groups than with non-Jewish populations in areas where Jews lived in Eastern Europe, Germany and the French Rhine Valley. This is consistent with Jewish traditions in placing most Jewish paternal origins in the region of the Middle East. Conversely, the maternal lineages of Jewish populations, studied by looking at mitochondrial DNA, are generally more heterogeneous. Scholars such as Harry Ostrer and Raphael Falk believe this indicates that many Jewish males found new mates from European and other communities in the places where they migrated in the diaspora after fleeing ancient Israel. In contrast, Behar has found evidence that about 40% of Ashkenazi Jews originate maternally from just four female founders, who were of Middle Eastern origin. The populations of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jewish communities "showed no evidence for a narrow founder effect." Subsequent studies carried out by Feder et al. confirmed the large portion of non-local maternal origin among Ashkenazi Jews. Reflecting on their findings related to the maternal origin of Ashkenazi Jews, the authors conclude "Clearly, the differences between Jews and non-Jews are far larger than those observed among the Jewish communities. Hence, differences between the Jewish communities can be overlooked when non-Jews are included in the comparisons." Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries. In comparison with data available from other relevant populations in the region, Jews were found to be more closely related to groups in the north of the Fertile Crescent. The authors also report on Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes, which are very frequent in Central and Eastern Europeans (54%–60%) at elevated frequency (12.7%) in Ashkenazi Jews. They hypothesized that the differences among Ashkenazim Jews could reflect low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation. A later 2005 study by Nebel et al., found a similar level of 11.5% of male Ashkenazim belonging to R1a1a (M17+), the dominant Y-chromosome haplogroup in Central and Eastern Europeans. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A study of haplotypes of the Y-chromosome, published in 2000, addressed the paternal origins of Ashkenazi Jews. Hammer et al. found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population. This suggested that the male ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to the Middle East. The proportion of male genetic admixture in Ashkenazi Jews amounts to less than 0.5% per generation over an estimated 80 generations, with "relatively minor contribution of European Y chromosomes to the Ashkenazim," and a total admixture estimate "very similar to Motulsky's average estimate of 12.5%." This supported the finding that "Diaspora Jews from Europe, Northwest Africa, and the Near East resemble each other more closely than they resemble their non-Jewish neighbors." "Past research found that 50–80 percent of DNA from the Ashkenazi Y chromosome, which is used to trace the male lineage, originated in the Near East," Richards said. Title: List of states and territories of the United States by population Passage: As of April 1, 2010, the date of the 2010 United States Census, the nine most populous U.S. states contain slightly more than half of the total population. The 25 least populous states contain less than one - sixth of the total population. California, the most populous state, contains more people than the 21 least populous states combined.	[ "Jews", "Ashkenazi Jews" ]
2hop__153532_72380	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kevin Lee Brown (born April 21, 1973) is a former Major League Baseball catcher who spent parts of seven seasons ( to ) with four MLB teams but who never got into more than a handful of MLB games each season except for with the Toronto Blue Jays, for whom he played 52 games that season. He finished his career with a .254 batting average with a .311 on base average and .450 slugging percentage in 85 games.", "title": "Kevin Brown (catcher)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Coming of Shadows\" is a key episode from the second season of the science fiction television series \"Babylon 5\". It won the 1996 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation.", "title": "The Coming of Shadows" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Albert Earley (born January 30, 1956 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is a former pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the St. Louis Cardinals during the 1986 season. Listed at 6' 4\", 200 lb., he batted right handed and threw left handed.", "title": "Bill Earley" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "37 ``Girl with Guitar ''Liev Schreiber David Hollander June 20, 2016 (2016 - 06 - 20) (online) June 26, 2016 (2016 - 06 - 26) (Showtime) 1.11", "title": "List of Ray Donovan episodes" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The native of Pisgah, Iowa, was first signed by the New York Yankees in 1945 and was a longtime player and manager in the Bombers' minor league organization. During his two seasons in Major League Baseball, he played for the Yankees and the Philadelphia Athletics. He was traded back to the Yankees after the 1953 season but did not play another major league game. He registered 85 hits in 382 at bats, yielding a .223 batting average. He batted left-handed, threw right-handed, stood tall and weighed .", "title": "Loren Babe" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The War Prayer\" is an episode from the first season of the science fiction television series \"Babylon 5\". The title of the episode comes from the Mark Twain story \"The War Prayer\".", "title": "The War Prayer (Babylon 5)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"The Bag or the Bat\" is the pilot episode of the Showtime original series \"Ray Donovan\", and premiered on June 30, 2013. The series premiere was directed by Allen Coulter and written by series creator Ann Biderman. Prior to the premiere television airing, the episode was uploaded to YouTube by Showtime and was previewed over 150,000 times.", "title": "The Bag or the Bat" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ty Cobb holds the record for highest career batting average with. 366, 9 points higher than Rogers Hornsby who has the second highest average in history at. 358. The record for lowest career batting average for a player with more than 2,500 at - bats belongs to Bill Bergen, a catcher who played from 1901 to 1911 and recorded a. 170 average in 3,028 career at - bats. The modern - era record for highest batting average for a season is held by Napoleon Lajoie, who hit. 426 in 1901, the first year of play for the American League. The modern - era record for lowest batting average for a player that qualified for the batting title is held by Rob Deer, who hit. 179 in 1991. While finishing six plate appearances short of qualifying for the batting title, Adam Dunn of the Chicago White Sox hit. 159 for the 2011 season, twenty points (and 11.2%) lower than the record. The highest batting average for a rookie was. 408 in 1911 by Shoeless Joe Jackson.", "title": "Batting average" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The sixth and final season of the HBO drama series The Sopranos was broadcast in two parts, the first beginning on March 12, 2006 and ending after twelve episodes on June 4, 2006. The first of the final nine episodes premiered on April 8, 2007 with the series finale airing on June 10, 2007. The season was initially meant to consist of twenty episodes, but creator David Chase asked for one more to properly round out the story. The first part was released on DVD in region 1 on November 7, 2006, and on Blu - ray on December 19, 2006. The second part was released on DVD and Blu - ray on October 23, 2007.", "title": "The Sopranos (season 6)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roberto Clemente Clemente in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, 1958 Right fielder Born: (1934 - 08 - 18) August 18, 1934 Barrio San Antón, Carolina, Puerto Rico Died: December 31, 1972 (1972 - 12 - 31) (aged 38) San Juan, Puerto Rico Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB debut April 17, 1955, for the Pittsburgh Pirates Last MLB appearance October 3, 1972, for the Pittsburgh Pirates MLB statistics Batting average. 317 Hits 3,000 Home runs 240 Runs batted in 1,305 Teams Pittsburgh Pirates (1955 -- 1972) Career highlights and awards 15 × All - Star (1960 -- 1967, 1969 -- 1972) 2 × World Series champion (1960, 1971) NL MVP (1966) World Series MVP (1971) 12 × Gold Glove Award (1961 -- 1972) 4 × NL batting champion (1961, 1964, 1965, 1967) Pittsburgh Pirates # 21 retired Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame Inducted 1973 Vote 92.7% (first ballot)", "title": "Roberto Clemente" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bat Masterson is an American Western television series which showed a fictionalized account of the life of real - life marshal / gambler / dandy Bat Masterson. The title character was played by Gene Barry and the half - hour black - and - white shows ran on NBC from 1958 to 1961. The series was produced by Ziv Television Productions.", "title": "Bat Masterson (TV series)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A second 13 - episode season premiered on March 4, 2018. On May 2, 2018, the series was renewed for a third season.", "title": "The Good Fight" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bat Masterson is an American Western television series which showed a fictionalized account of the life of real - life marshal / gambler / dandy Bat Masterson. The title character was played by Gene Barry and the half - hour black - and - white shows ran on NBC from 1958 to 1961. The series was produced by Ziv Television Productions. Bat is a nickname for Masterson's first name, Bartholemew.", "title": "Bat Masterson (TV series)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bước nhảy hoàn vũ (literally \"Universal Steps\") is a reality show produced by Vietnam Television and Cát Tiên Sa Production. The show originates from the BBC series \"Strictly Come Dancing\" and is a part of the international \"Dancing with the Stars\" franchise. The first season aired from April 11 to June 20, 2010 with 8 pairs of celebrities and professional dancers. The show returned for its second season on April 17, 2011 and the third season on mid March, 2012.", "title": "Bước nhảy hoàn vũ" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The sixth and final season of the HBO drama series \"The Sopranos\" was broadcast in two parts, the first beginning on March 12, 2006 and ending after twelve episodes on June 4, 2006. The first of the final nine episodes premiered on April 8, 2007 with the series finale airing on June 10, 2007. The season was initially meant to consist of twenty episodes, but creator David Chase asked for one more to properly round out the story. The first part was released on DVD in region 1 on November 7, 2006, and on Blu-ray on December 19, 2006. The second part was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 23, 2007.", "title": "The Sopranos (season 6)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harry William Parker (September 14, 1947 – May 29, 2012) was an American professional pitcher in Major League Baseball who played in parts of six seasons spanning 1970 to 1976. Listed at , , Parker batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Highland, Illinois and attended Collinsville High School.", "title": "Harry Parker (baseball)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The third season of Fear the Walking Dead, an American horror - drama television series on AMC, premiered on June 4, 2017 and consisted of 16 episodes. The season is split into two eight - episode parts, with the first half concluding on July 9, 2017; the second half premiered on September 10, 2017. The series is a companion series and prequel to The Walking Dead.", "title": "Fear the Walking Dead (season 3)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henley would appear in 41 games, starting 30 at catcher, for the 1998 Expos, as he and Mike Hubbard backed up regular Chris Widger. He amassed 35 hits and 11 walks in 132 plate appearances, batting .304 and collecting three homers (off Pedro Astacio, Kirt Ojala and Bobby Jones) and eight doubles. On September 25, his penultimate appearance of the season, Henley went 4-for-4 with two doubles and three runs batted in against the St. Louis Cardinals.", "title": "Bob Henley" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paul Augustus Maloy (June 4, 1892 – March 18, 1976) was a relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played briefly for the Boston Red Sox during the season. Listed at , 185 lb., Maloy batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Bascom, Ohio.", "title": "Paul Maloy" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It was announced in June 2012 that the series had been renewed for a second season, which debuted March 24, 2013. Season 4 premiered April 4, 2014 and Season 5 in February 2015.", "title": "My Big Fat American Gypsy Wedding" } ]	When does season 4 of the series that The Bag or the Bat is a part of come out?	June 20, 2016	[]	Title: Bước nhảy hoàn vũ Passage: Bước nhảy hoàn vũ (literally "Universal Steps") is a reality show produced by Vietnam Television and Cát Tiên Sa Production. The show originates from the BBC series "Strictly Come Dancing" and is a part of the international "Dancing with the Stars" franchise. The first season aired from April 11 to June 20, 2010 with 8 pairs of celebrities and professional dancers. The show returned for its second season on April 17, 2011 and the third season on mid March, 2012. Title: Batting average Passage: Ty Cobb holds the record for highest career batting average with. 366, 9 points higher than Rogers Hornsby who has the second highest average in history at. 358. The record for lowest career batting average for a player with more than 2,500 at - bats belongs to Bill Bergen, a catcher who played from 1901 to 1911 and recorded a. 170 average in 3,028 career at - bats. The modern - era record for highest batting average for a season is held by Napoleon Lajoie, who hit. 426 in 1901, the first year of play for the American League. The modern - era record for lowest batting average for a player that qualified for the batting title is held by Rob Deer, who hit. 179 in 1991. While finishing six plate appearances short of qualifying for the batting title, Adam Dunn of the Chicago White Sox hit. 159 for the 2011 season, twenty points (and 11.2%) lower than the record. The highest batting average for a rookie was. 408 in 1911 by Shoeless Joe Jackson. Title: Kevin Brown (catcher) Passage: Kevin Lee Brown (born April 21, 1973) is a former Major League Baseball catcher who spent parts of seven seasons ( to ) with four MLB teams but who never got into more than a handful of MLB games each season except for with the Toronto Blue Jays, for whom he played 52 games that season. He finished his career with a .254 batting average with a .311 on base average and .450 slugging percentage in 85 games. Title: Bat Masterson (TV series) Passage: Bat Masterson is an American Western television series which showed a fictionalized account of the life of real - life marshal / gambler / dandy Bat Masterson. The title character was played by Gene Barry and the half - hour black - and - white shows ran on NBC from 1958 to 1961. The series was produced by Ziv Television Productions. Bat is a nickname for Masterson's first name, Bartholemew. Title: The Bag or the Bat Passage: "The Bag or the Bat" is the pilot episode of the Showtime original series "Ray Donovan", and premiered on June 30, 2013. The series premiere was directed by Allen Coulter and written by series creator Ann Biderman. Prior to the premiere television airing, the episode was uploaded to YouTube by Showtime and was previewed over 150,000 times. Title: Loren Babe Passage: The native of Pisgah, Iowa, was first signed by the New York Yankees in 1945 and was a longtime player and manager in the Bombers' minor league organization. During his two seasons in Major League Baseball, he played for the Yankees and the Philadelphia Athletics. He was traded back to the Yankees after the 1953 season but did not play another major league game. He registered 85 hits in 382 at bats, yielding a .223 batting average. He batted left-handed, threw right-handed, stood tall and weighed . Title: List of Ray Donovan episodes Passage: 37 ``Girl with Guitar ''Liev Schreiber David Hollander June 20, 2016 (2016 - 06 - 20) (online) June 26, 2016 (2016 - 06 - 26) (Showtime) 1.11 Title: Bob Henley Passage: Henley would appear in 41 games, starting 30 at catcher, for the 1998 Expos, as he and Mike Hubbard backed up regular Chris Widger. He amassed 35 hits and 11 walks in 132 plate appearances, batting .304 and collecting three homers (off Pedro Astacio, Kirt Ojala and Bobby Jones) and eight doubles. On September 25, his penultimate appearance of the season, Henley went 4-for-4 with two doubles and three runs batted in against the St. Louis Cardinals. Title: My Big Fat American Gypsy Wedding Passage: It was announced in June 2012 that the series had been renewed for a second season, which debuted March 24, 2013. Season 4 premiered April 4, 2014 and Season 5 in February 2015. Title: Roberto Clemente Passage: Roberto Clemente Clemente in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, 1958 Right fielder Born: (1934 - 08 - 18) August 18, 1934 Barrio San Antón, Carolina, Puerto Rico Died: December 31, 1972 (1972 - 12 - 31) (aged 38) San Juan, Puerto Rico Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB debut April 17, 1955, for the Pittsburgh Pirates Last MLB appearance October 3, 1972, for the Pittsburgh Pirates MLB statistics Batting average. 317 Hits 3,000 Home runs 240 Runs batted in 1,305 Teams Pittsburgh Pirates (1955 -- 1972) Career highlights and awards 15 × All - Star (1960 -- 1967, 1969 -- 1972) 2 × World Series champion (1960, 1971) NL MVP (1966) World Series MVP (1971) 12 × Gold Glove Award (1961 -- 1972) 4 × NL batting champion (1961, 1964, 1965, 1967) Pittsburgh Pirates # 21 retired Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame Inducted 1973 Vote 92.7% (first ballot) Title: The Good Fight Passage: A second 13 - episode season premiered on March 4, 2018. On May 2, 2018, the series was renewed for a third season. Title: Fear the Walking Dead (season 3) Passage: The third season of Fear the Walking Dead, an American horror - drama television series on AMC, premiered on June 4, 2017 and consisted of 16 episodes. The season is split into two eight - episode parts, with the first half concluding on July 9, 2017; the second half premiered on September 10, 2017. The series is a companion series and prequel to The Walking Dead. Title: Paul Maloy Passage: Paul Augustus Maloy (June 4, 1892 – March 18, 1976) was a relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played briefly for the Boston Red Sox during the season. Listed at , 185 lb., Maloy batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Bascom, Ohio. Title: Bill Earley Passage: William Albert Earley (born January 30, 1956 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is a former pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the St. Louis Cardinals during the 1986 season. Listed at 6' 4", 200 lb., he batted right handed and threw left handed. Title: The Sopranos (season 6) Passage: The sixth and final season of the HBO drama series "The Sopranos" was broadcast in two parts, the first beginning on March 12, 2006 and ending after twelve episodes on June 4, 2006. The first of the final nine episodes premiered on April 8, 2007 with the series finale airing on June 10, 2007. The season was initially meant to consist of twenty episodes, but creator David Chase asked for one more to properly round out the story. The first part was released on DVD in region 1 on November 7, 2006, and on Blu-ray on December 19, 2006. The second part was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 23, 2007. Title: Harry Parker (baseball) Passage: Harry William Parker (September 14, 1947 – May 29, 2012) was an American professional pitcher in Major League Baseball who played in parts of six seasons spanning 1970 to 1976. Listed at , , Parker batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Highland, Illinois and attended Collinsville High School. Title: The Coming of Shadows Passage: "The Coming of Shadows" is a key episode from the second season of the science fiction television series "Babylon 5". It won the 1996 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation. Title: Bat Masterson (TV series) Passage: Bat Masterson is an American Western television series which showed a fictionalized account of the life of real - life marshal / gambler / dandy Bat Masterson. The title character was played by Gene Barry and the half - hour black - and - white shows ran on NBC from 1958 to 1961. The series was produced by Ziv Television Productions. Title: The War Prayer (Babylon 5) Passage: "The War Prayer" is an episode from the first season of the science fiction television series "Babylon 5". The title of the episode comes from the Mark Twain story "The War Prayer". Title: The Sopranos (season 6) Passage: The sixth and final season of the HBO drama series The Sopranos was broadcast in two parts, the first beginning on March 12, 2006 and ending after twelve episodes on June 4, 2006. The first of the final nine episodes premiered on April 8, 2007 with the series finale airing on June 10, 2007. The season was initially meant to consist of twenty episodes, but creator David Chase asked for one more to properly round out the story. The first part was released on DVD in region 1 on November 7, 2006, and on Blu - ray on December 19, 2006. The second part was released on DVD and Blu - ray on October 23, 2007.	[ "List of Ray Donovan episodes", "The Bag or the Bat" ]
2hop__31124_31122	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The fable is made the subject of a poem by the first century CE Greek Poet Bianor, was included in the 2nd century fable collection of pseudo-Dositheus and later appears in the 4th -- 5th - century Latin verse collection by Avianus. The history of this fable in antiquity and the Middle Ages is tracked in A.E. Wright's Hie lert uns der meister: Latin Commentary and the Germany Fable.", "title": "The Crow and the Pitcher" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint Mars sur la Futaie is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France. It is notable as the site of the oldest known tree in France, a Hawthorn growing alongside the church, and reputedly planted in the 3rd century.", "title": "Saint-Mars-sur-la-Futaie" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Campagnoli was a virtuoso violinist who toured Europe propagating the 18th Century Italian violin style. He also has a number of compositions to his name, notably:", "title": "Bartolomeo Campagnoli" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other subjects that lent themselves to visual depiction included the name of battles (e.g. Trafalgar), explorers, local notables, discoveries, sporting heroes and members of the royal family. Some pub signs are in the form of a pictorial pun or rebus. For example, a pub in Crowborough, East Sussex called The Crow and Gate has an image of a crow with gates as wings.", "title": "Pub" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jyoti Amge (born 16 December 1993) is an Indian woman notable for being the world's smallest living woman according to Guinness World Records.", "title": "Jyoti Amge" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hitler Lives (also known as Hitler Lives?) is a 1945 American short documentary film directed by Don Siegel, who was uncredited. The film won an Oscar at the 18th Academy Awards in 1946 for Documentary Short Subject. Earlier the same year, Siegel made his directorial debut on another short film \"Star in the Night\" (1945), which also won an Academy Award.", "title": "Hitler Lives" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shotei Ibata is a Japanese calligrapher and performance artist living in Kyoto, Japan. He is perhaps best known for his public demonstrations of Japanese calligraphy using a huge (up to 6 feet long) brush. He is also notable for his work, \"to move calligraphy deeper into the modern world of art.\": Japanese calligraphy is usually a very private activity, but he would work in front of large audiences, holding many performances in a variety of countries around the world. He is the subject of the book, \"Shotei Ibata: Rock Music And Big Brush\", written by Ildegarda E. Scheidegger.", "title": "Shotei Ibata" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gorleston Psalter (British Library Manuscript Additional 49622) is a 14th-century manuscript notable for containing early music instruction and for its humorous marginalia.", "title": "Gorleston Psalter" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oliver Twist is notable for its unromantic portrayal by Dickens of criminals and their sordid lives, as well as for exposing the cruel treatment of the many orphans in London in the mid-19th century. The alternative title, The Parish Boy's Progress, alludes to Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, as well as the 18th-century caricature series by William Hogarth, A Rake's Progress and A Harlot's Progress.In this early example of the social novel, Dickens satirises the hypocrisies of his time, including child labour, the recruitment of children as criminals, and the presence of street children. The novel may have been inspired by the story of Robert Blincoe, an orphan whose account of working as a child labourer in a cotton mill was widely read in the 1830s. It is likely that Dickens's own youthful experiences contributed as well.Oliver Twist has been the subject of numerous adaptations for various media, including a highly successful musical play, Oliver!, and the multiple Academy Award-winning 1968 motion picture. Disney also put its spin on the novel with the animated film called Oliver & Company in 1988.", "title": "Oliver Twist" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Subjective idealists like George Berkeley are anti-realists in terms of a mind-independent world, whereas transcendental idealists like Immanuel Kant are strong skeptics of such a world, affirming epistemological and not metaphysical idealism. Thus Kant defines idealism as \"the assertion that we can never be certain whether all of our putative outer experience is not mere imagining\". He claimed that, according to idealism, \"the reality of external objects does not admit of strict proof. On the contrary, however, the reality of the object of our internal sense (of myself and state) is clear immediately through consciousness.\" However, not all idealists restrict the real or the knowable to our immediate subjective experience. Objective idealists make claims about a transempirical world, but simply deny that this world is essentially divorced from or ontologically prior to the mental. Thus Plato and Gottfried Leibniz affirm an objective and knowable reality transcending our subjective awareness—a rejection of epistemological idealism—but propose that this reality is grounded in ideal entities, a form of metaphysical idealism. Nor do all metaphysical idealists agree on the nature of the ideal; for Plato, the fundamental entities were non-mental abstract forms, while for Leibniz they were proto-mental and concrete monads.", "title": "Idealism" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Conquest of Granada is a Restoration era stage play, a two-part tragedy written by John Dryden that was first acted in 1670 and 1671 and published in 1672. It is notable both as a defining example of the \"heroic drama\" pioneered by Dryden, and as the subject of later satire.", "title": "The Conquest of Granada" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Death of Procris, A Satyr mourning over a Nymph or simply A Mythological Subject are names given to an unsigned, undated panel painting in the National Gallery in London, United Kingdom, securely attributed to Piero di Cosimo (who never signed his works). Its date is uncertain, and its subject has been a matter of dispute. The name \"The Death of Procris\" (Italian: \"Morte di Procri\") has been used since the 19th century, and is supposed to have been inspired by Ovid's tale of the death of Procris at the hands of her husband Cephalus, in \"Metamorphoses\" VII. The National Gallery has rejected this title since at least Cecil Gould's catalogue of 1951, since when it has preferred to describe the subject as \"\"A Mythological Subject\"\" or \"\"A Satyr mourning over a Nymph\"\".", "title": "The Death of Procris" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Colgate Comedy Hour was an American comedy-musical variety series that aired live on the NBC network from 1950 to 1955. The show featured many notable comedians and entertainers of the era as guest stars.", "title": "The Colgate Comedy Hour" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elliot Sperling, a specialist of Indian studies and the director of the Tibetan Studies program at Indiana University’s Department of Central Eurasia Studies, writes that \"the idea that Tibet became part of China in the 13th century is a very recent construction.\" He writes that Chinese writers of the early 20th century were of the view that Tibet was not annexed by China until the Manchu Qing dynasty invasion during the 18th century. He also states that Chinese writers of the early 20th century described Tibet as a feudal dependency of China, not an integral part of it. Sperling states that this is because \"Tibet was ruled as such, within the empires of the Mongols and the Manchus\" and also that \"China's intervening Ming dynasty ... had no control over Tibet.\" He writes that the Ming relationship with Tibet is problematic for China’s insistence of its unbroken sovereignty over Tibet since the 13th century. As for the Tibetan view that Tibet was never subject to the rule of the Yuan or Qing emperors of China, Sperling also discounts this by stating that Tibet was \"subject to rules, laws and decisions made by the Yuan and Qing rulers\" and that even Tibetans described themselves as subjects of these emperors.", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ymir Fritz (ユミル・フリッツ, Yumiru Furittsu) A mythical figure tied to the origins of the Titans who lived around 1,800 years ago, mentioned only in fairy tales. In the stories, Ymir became the first Founding Titan (始祖の巨人, Shiso no Kyojin) when she made a deal with the devil and used her gained power to protect her people from the Marley government. In time, the deceased Ymir's power was divided into nine of her Subjects whose families used the Nine Titans to establish Eldia as an empire for centuries until the reign of Karl Fritz.", "title": "List of Attack on Titan characters" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The earliest extant arguments that the world of experience is grounded in the mental derive from India and Greece. The Hindu idealists in India and the Greek Neoplatonists gave panentheistic arguments for an all-pervading consciousness as the ground or true nature of reality. In contrast, the Yogācāra school, which arose within Mahayana Buddhism in India in the 4th century CE, based its \"mind-only\" idealism to a greater extent on phenomenological analyses of personal experience. This turn toward the subjective anticipated empiricists such as George Berkeley, who revived idealism in 18th-century Europe by employing skeptical arguments against materialism.", "title": "Idealism" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jean Delville (19 January 1867, Leuven – 19 January 1953, Forest, Brussels) was a Belgian symbolist painter, author, poet, polemicist, teacher, and Theosophist. Delville was the leading exponent of the Belgian Idealist movement in art during the 1890s. He held, throughout his life, the belief that art should be the expression of a higher spiritual truth and that it should be based on the principle of Ideal, or spiritual Beauty. He executed a great number of paintings during his active career from 1887 to the end of the second World War (many now lost or destroyed) expressing his Idealist aesthetic. Delville was trained at the \"Académie des Beaux-arts\" in Brussels and proved to be a highly precocious student, winning most of the prestigious competition prizes at the Academy while still a young student. He later won the Belgian Prix de Rome which allowed him to travel to Rome and Florence and study at first hand the works of the artists of the Renaissance. During his time in Italy he created his celebrated masterpiece \"L'Ecole de Platon\" (1898), which stands as a visual summary of his Idealist aesthetic which he promoted during the 1890s in his writings, poetry and exhibitions societies, notably the \"Salons d'Art Idéaliste\".", "title": "Jean Delville" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Times Magazine features columns touching on various subjects such as celebrities, fashion and beauty, food and drink, homes and gardens or simply writers' anecdotes. Notable contributors include Giles Coren, Food and Drink Writer of the Year in 2005 and Nadiya Hussain, winner of BBC's The Great British Bake Off.", "title": "The Times" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As Muslim institutions of higher learning, the madrasa had the legal designation of waqf. In central and eastern Islamic lands, the view that the madrasa, as a charitable endowment, will remain under the control of the donor (and their descendent), resulted in a \"spurt\" of establishment of madaris in the 11th and 12th centuries. However, in Western Islamic lands, where the Maliki views prohibited donors from controlling their endowment, madaris were not as popular. Unlike the corporate designation of Western institutions of higher learning, the waqf designation seemed to have led to the exclusion of non-orthodox religious subjects such a philosophy and natural science from the curricula. The madrasa of al-Qarawīyīn, one of the two surviving madaris that predate the founding of the earliest medieval universities and are thus claimed to be the \"first universities\" by some authors, has acquired official university status as late as 1947. The other, al-Azhar, did acquire this status in name and essence only in the course of numerous reforms during the 19th and 20th century, notably the one of 1961 which introduced non-religious subjects to its curriculum, such as economics, engineering, medicine, and agriculture. It should also be noted that many medieval universities were run for centuries as Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools prior to their formal establishment as universitas scholarium; evidence of these immediate forerunners of the university dates back to the 6th century AD, thus well preceding the earliest madaris. George Makdisi, who has published most extensively on the topic concludes in his comparison between the two institutions:", "title": "Madrasa" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mavro Orbini (1563–1614) was a Ragusan chronicler, notable for his work \"The Realm of the Slavs\" (1601) which influenced Slavic ideology and historiography in the later centuries.", "title": "Mavro Orbini" } ]	What century did a notable subjective idealist live in?	18th	[ "18th-century", "18th century" ]	Title: Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty Passage: Elliot Sperling, a specialist of Indian studies and the director of the Tibetan Studies program at Indiana University’s Department of Central Eurasia Studies, writes that "the idea that Tibet became part of China in the 13th century is a very recent construction." He writes that Chinese writers of the early 20th century were of the view that Tibet was not annexed by China until the Manchu Qing dynasty invasion during the 18th century. He also states that Chinese writers of the early 20th century described Tibet as a feudal dependency of China, not an integral part of it. Sperling states that this is because "Tibet was ruled as such, within the empires of the Mongols and the Manchus" and also that "China's intervening Ming dynasty ... had no control over Tibet." He writes that the Ming relationship with Tibet is problematic for China’s insistence of its unbroken sovereignty over Tibet since the 13th century. As for the Tibetan view that Tibet was never subject to the rule of the Yuan or Qing emperors of China, Sperling also discounts this by stating that Tibet was "subject to rules, laws and decisions made by the Yuan and Qing rulers" and that even Tibetans described themselves as subjects of these emperors. Title: Jean Delville Passage: Jean Delville (19 January 1867, Leuven – 19 January 1953, Forest, Brussels) was a Belgian symbolist painter, author, poet, polemicist, teacher, and Theosophist. Delville was the leading exponent of the Belgian Idealist movement in art during the 1890s. He held, throughout his life, the belief that art should be the expression of a higher spiritual truth and that it should be based on the principle of Ideal, or spiritual Beauty. He executed a great number of paintings during his active career from 1887 to the end of the second World War (many now lost or destroyed) expressing his Idealist aesthetic. Delville was trained at the "Académie des Beaux-arts" in Brussels and proved to be a highly precocious student, winning most of the prestigious competition prizes at the Academy while still a young student. He later won the Belgian Prix de Rome which allowed him to travel to Rome and Florence and study at first hand the works of the artists of the Renaissance. During his time in Italy he created his celebrated masterpiece "L'Ecole de Platon" (1898), which stands as a visual summary of his Idealist aesthetic which he promoted during the 1890s in his writings, poetry and exhibitions societies, notably the "Salons d'Art Idéaliste". Title: Idealism Passage: Subjective idealists like George Berkeley are anti-realists in terms of a mind-independent world, whereas transcendental idealists like Immanuel Kant are strong skeptics of such a world, affirming epistemological and not metaphysical idealism. Thus Kant defines idealism as "the assertion that we can never be certain whether all of our putative outer experience is not mere imagining". He claimed that, according to idealism, "the reality of external objects does not admit of strict proof. On the contrary, however, the reality of the object of our internal sense (of myself and state) is clear immediately through consciousness." However, not all idealists restrict the real or the knowable to our immediate subjective experience. Objective idealists make claims about a transempirical world, but simply deny that this world is essentially divorced from or ontologically prior to the mental. Thus Plato and Gottfried Leibniz affirm an objective and knowable reality transcending our subjective awareness—a rejection of epistemological idealism—but propose that this reality is grounded in ideal entities, a form of metaphysical idealism. Nor do all metaphysical idealists agree on the nature of the ideal; for Plato, the fundamental entities were non-mental abstract forms, while for Leibniz they were proto-mental and concrete monads. Title: Jyoti Amge Passage: Jyoti Amge (born 16 December 1993) is an Indian woman notable for being the world's smallest living woman according to Guinness World Records. Title: The Times Passage: The Times Magazine features columns touching on various subjects such as celebrities, fashion and beauty, food and drink, homes and gardens or simply writers' anecdotes. Notable contributors include Giles Coren, Food and Drink Writer of the Year in 2005 and Nadiya Hussain, winner of BBC's The Great British Bake Off. Title: The Colgate Comedy Hour Passage: The Colgate Comedy Hour was an American comedy-musical variety series that aired live on the NBC network from 1950 to 1955. The show featured many notable comedians and entertainers of the era as guest stars. Title: Gorleston Psalter Passage: The Gorleston Psalter (British Library Manuscript Additional 49622) is a 14th-century manuscript notable for containing early music instruction and for its humorous marginalia. Title: The Crow and the Pitcher Passage: The fable is made the subject of a poem by the first century CE Greek Poet Bianor, was included in the 2nd century fable collection of pseudo-Dositheus and later appears in the 4th -- 5th - century Latin verse collection by Avianus. The history of this fable in antiquity and the Middle Ages is tracked in A.E. Wright's Hie lert uns der meister: Latin Commentary and the Germany Fable. Title: Saint-Mars-sur-la-Futaie Passage: Saint Mars sur la Futaie is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France. It is notable as the site of the oldest known tree in France, a Hawthorn growing alongside the church, and reputedly planted in the 3rd century. Title: List of Attack on Titan characters Passage: Ymir Fritz (ユミル・フリッツ, Yumiru Furittsu) A mythical figure tied to the origins of the Titans who lived around 1,800 years ago, mentioned only in fairy tales. In the stories, Ymir became the first Founding Titan (始祖の巨人, Shiso no Kyojin) when she made a deal with the devil and used her gained power to protect her people from the Marley government. In time, the deceased Ymir's power was divided into nine of her Subjects whose families used the Nine Titans to establish Eldia as an empire for centuries until the reign of Karl Fritz. Title: Hitler Lives Passage: Hitler Lives (also known as Hitler Lives?) is a 1945 American short documentary film directed by Don Siegel, who was uncredited. The film won an Oscar at the 18th Academy Awards in 1946 for Documentary Short Subject. Earlier the same year, Siegel made his directorial debut on another short film "Star in the Night" (1945), which also won an Academy Award. Title: Idealism Passage: The earliest extant arguments that the world of experience is grounded in the mental derive from India and Greece. The Hindu idealists in India and the Greek Neoplatonists gave panentheistic arguments for an all-pervading consciousness as the ground or true nature of reality. In contrast, the Yogācāra school, which arose within Mahayana Buddhism in India in the 4th century CE, based its "mind-only" idealism to a greater extent on phenomenological analyses of personal experience. This turn toward the subjective anticipated empiricists such as George Berkeley, who revived idealism in 18th-century Europe by employing skeptical arguments against materialism. Title: The Conquest of Granada Passage: The Conquest of Granada is a Restoration era stage play, a two-part tragedy written by John Dryden that was first acted in 1670 and 1671 and published in 1672. It is notable both as a defining example of the "heroic drama" pioneered by Dryden, and as the subject of later satire. Title: Shotei Ibata Passage: Shotei Ibata is a Japanese calligrapher and performance artist living in Kyoto, Japan. He is perhaps best known for his public demonstrations of Japanese calligraphy using a huge (up to 6 feet long) brush. He is also notable for his work, "to move calligraphy deeper into the modern world of art.": Japanese calligraphy is usually a very private activity, but he would work in front of large audiences, holding many performances in a variety of countries around the world. He is the subject of the book, "Shotei Ibata: Rock Music And Big Brush", written by Ildegarda E. Scheidegger. Title: Bartolomeo Campagnoli Passage: Campagnoli was a virtuoso violinist who toured Europe propagating the 18th Century Italian violin style. He also has a number of compositions to his name, notably: Title: Madrasa Passage: As Muslim institutions of higher learning, the madrasa had the legal designation of waqf. In central and eastern Islamic lands, the view that the madrasa, as a charitable endowment, will remain under the control of the donor (and their descendent), resulted in a "spurt" of establishment of madaris in the 11th and 12th centuries. However, in Western Islamic lands, where the Maliki views prohibited donors from controlling their endowment, madaris were not as popular. Unlike the corporate designation of Western institutions of higher learning, the waqf designation seemed to have led to the exclusion of non-orthodox religious subjects such a philosophy and natural science from the curricula. The madrasa of al-Qarawīyīn, one of the two surviving madaris that predate the founding of the earliest medieval universities and are thus claimed to be the "first universities" by some authors, has acquired official university status as late as 1947. The other, al-Azhar, did acquire this status in name and essence only in the course of numerous reforms during the 19th and 20th century, notably the one of 1961 which introduced non-religious subjects to its curriculum, such as economics, engineering, medicine, and agriculture. It should also be noted that many medieval universities were run for centuries as Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools prior to their formal establishment as universitas scholarium; evidence of these immediate forerunners of the university dates back to the 6th century AD, thus well preceding the earliest madaris. George Makdisi, who has published most extensively on the topic concludes in his comparison between the two institutions: Title: Oliver Twist Passage: Oliver Twist is notable for its unromantic portrayal by Dickens of criminals and their sordid lives, as well as for exposing the cruel treatment of the many orphans in London in the mid-19th century. The alternative title, The Parish Boy's Progress, alludes to Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, as well as the 18th-century caricature series by William Hogarth, A Rake's Progress and A Harlot's Progress.In this early example of the social novel, Dickens satirises the hypocrisies of his time, including child labour, the recruitment of children as criminals, and the presence of street children. The novel may have been inspired by the story of Robert Blincoe, an orphan whose account of working as a child labourer in a cotton mill was widely read in the 1830s. It is likely that Dickens's own youthful experiences contributed as well.Oliver Twist has been the subject of numerous adaptations for various media, including a highly successful musical play, Oliver!, and the multiple Academy Award-winning 1968 motion picture. Disney also put its spin on the novel with the animated film called Oliver & Company in 1988. Title: Mavro Orbini Passage: Mavro Orbini (1563–1614) was a Ragusan chronicler, notable for his work "The Realm of the Slavs" (1601) which influenced Slavic ideology and historiography in the later centuries. Title: Pub Passage: Other subjects that lent themselves to visual depiction included the name of battles (e.g. Trafalgar), explorers, local notables, discoveries, sporting heroes and members of the royal family. Some pub signs are in the form of a pictorial pun or rebus. For example, a pub in Crowborough, East Sussex called The Crow and Gate has an image of a crow with gates as wings. Title: The Death of Procris Passage: The Death of Procris, A Satyr mourning over a Nymph or simply A Mythological Subject are names given to an unsigned, undated panel painting in the National Gallery in London, United Kingdom, securely attributed to Piero di Cosimo (who never signed his works). Its date is uncertain, and its subject has been a matter of dispute. The name "The Death of Procris" (Italian: "Morte di Procri") has been used since the 19th century, and is supposed to have been inspired by Ovid's tale of the death of Procris at the hands of her husband Cephalus, in "Metamorphoses" VII. The National Gallery has rejected this title since at least Cecil Gould's catalogue of 1951, since when it has preferred to describe the subject as ""A Mythological Subject"" or ""A Satyr mourning over a Nymph"".	[ "Idealism", "Idealism" ]

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