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麻疹感染@### 危险因素 ### 强 查看全部 ### 暴露于麻疹病毒 易感者暴露于麻疹病毒时，麻疹发病率可达100%。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "麻疹感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "暴露于麻疹病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
【缺锌的原因】 （一）摄入不足 食物中含锌不足为锌缺乏的主要原因，母乳中锌的生物利用率比牛乳或大豆蛋白高，推测这与母乳中一种低分子量成分有关。 （三）丢失过多 钩虫病、疟疾可造成反复失血、溶血，引起锌的丢失。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "缺锌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "丢失过多"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "钩虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "缺锌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "疟疾",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "缺锌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "缺锌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "摄入不足"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "锌缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "含锌不足"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
【影像学诊断】 因脑白质损伤的早期临床表现轻微或缺乏特异性，诊断主要依赖影像学检查。 （三）头颅 MRI 常规MRI在T1加权相上表现为高信号，强度与颅骨相当；在T2加权相上表现为低信号（反映白质丢失、容量减少），如伴有出血可表现为高信号，但总体上对局部早期病变的显示特异性较差。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "脑白质损伤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头颅 MRI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
帕金森病@### 强直 张力增高被定义为在关节的被动运动范围内阻力持续增加。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "帕金森病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "强直"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
病毒性心肌炎(viral myocarditis)是由病毒感染引起的心肌间质炎症细胞浸润和邻近的心肌细胞坏死、变性,有时病变也可累及心包或心内膜。部分患者起病隐匿，有乏力、活动受限、心悸、胸痛等症状，少数重症患者可发生心力衰竭并发严重心律失常、心源性休克,死亡率高。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "乏力"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "活动受限"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心悸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心力衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心律失常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心源性休克"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "病毒性心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心肌间质炎症细胞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "病毒性心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心肌细胞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "病毒性心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "viral myocarditis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "病毒性心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "病毒感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "病毒性心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心包"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "病毒性心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心内膜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
慢性淋巴细胞白血病@ 由于这些因素会影响药物诱导的血球减少的易感性，建议在开始治疗前进行骨髓活组织检查。慢性淋巴细胞白血病@ 结果 可变；白血病细胞可能显示骨髓浸润，造血前体间室比例减少 ### CT 扫描 检查 结果 检查 分期基于体格检查和血细胞计数。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨髓活组织检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
成人哮喘@有必要对茶碱血药浓度进行周期性监测，以维持药物在一个治疗水平，而不是毒性水平。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "成人哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "茶碱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
【病因与发病机制】 屏气发作常有诱因，患儿在发怒、害怕、受挫或疼痛之后易出现症状。其发病机制可能是多种原因所致，目前认为主要是中枢神经系统的调节不良，其他还包括迷走神经的作用引起心率减慢和呼吸抑制、周围血管的反应失调等。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "屏气发作",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "周围血管的反应失调"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
皮肤鳞状细胞癌@PTEN水平下调会降低球形基因组核酸切除修复的能力，这种能力对于修复因为紫外线造成的DNA损伤十分重要。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "PTEN水平下调"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
注意排除继发性肺含铁血黄素沉着症，如继发于二尖瓣狭窄以及任何原因引起的左心衰竭，或肺内毛细血管压力长期增高的心脏病患者及结缔组织疾病如结节性多发性动脉炎、类风湿病、过敏性紫癜。本病尚有两种特殊类型：①Goodpasture综合征：是一种免疫复合物病，具体病因不明，病变同时累及肺和肾脏，病情严重，可见发热、咳嗽、咯血，常发生呼吸困难，有显著贫血，尿中有蛋白质、红细胞、管型。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "肺含铁血黄素沉着症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Goodpasture综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "肺含铁血黄素沉着症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "结节性多发性动脉炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "肺含铁血黄素沉着症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "类风湿病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "肺含铁血黄素沉着症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "过敏性紫癜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Goodpasture综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Goodpasture综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咳嗽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Goodpasture综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咯血，"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Goodpasture综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Goodpasture综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@ 其他非特异性临床特征包括： * 体重下降：与营养不良相同，造成体重下降的原因包括（由于疼痛）惧怕进食、吸收障碍、因酗酒造成的进食减少以及静息能量消耗增加。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体重下降"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
食物中毒@### 腹泻 通常有急性腹泻病史（病程短于 2 周）。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "食物中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
当然许多儿科的心脏病专家都建议对所有有冠状动脉瘤的患者都进行血管造影。除了阿司匹林，华法林治疗也是方法之一。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "冠状动脉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿司匹林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "冠状动脉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "华法林治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "冠状动脉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血管造影"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
胆囊炎@附加 – 早期腹腔镜胆囊切除术 针对经选择患者组部分患者的治疗推荐 对于轻度胆囊炎患者，东京指南指出早期腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (ELC) 为首选治疗。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "早期腹腔镜胆囊切除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "轻度胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "早期腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (ELC)"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
转移性乳腺癌@姑息性放疗会减轻骨转移所致的疼痛。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "放射治疗",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "姑息性放疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
呼吸性酸中毒时常伴有低氧血症及呼吸困难。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "呼吸性酸中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低氧血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "呼吸性酸中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
小细胞肺癌@结果 中央肿块、肺门淋巴结病和胸腔积液 ### 胸部 CT、肝和肾上腺 检查 结果 检查 胸部 X 线检查中新发现的异常需要使用 CT 进一步评估。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中央肿块"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺门淋巴结病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸腔积液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
(二）一般治疗 1.妊娠期高血压患者可在家或住院治疗，轻度子痫前期应住院评估决定是否院内治疗，重度子痫前期及子痫患者应住院治疗。禁止使用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI)和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂（ARB)。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "妊娠期高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "重度子痫前期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "子痫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "轻度子痫前期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "重度子痫前期"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "ARB"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
溃疡性结肠炎@### 罕见 查看全部 ### 发热 在轻型、局限性的病例通常不会出现发热，但是当伴有重叠感染和中毒性巨结肠时，可出现低热到高热。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "重叠感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中毒性巨结肠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
新生儿乳糜胸多见于男性，多数发生在生后1周内，其中半数发生在生后24小时以内，可伴Down综合征及母亲羊水过多等。胸水苏丹乙醇染色可见红色脂肪颗粒。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "乳糜胸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸水苏丹乙醇染色"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "乳糜胸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
慢性阻塞性肺疾病@长期氧疗可以提升重度慢阻肺患者的存活率。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "慢阻肺",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "长期氧疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
由于HCMV致病力弱，免疫正常时无论原发或再发感染，绝大多数无症状，故在免疫正常个体应谨慎诊断HCMV疾病。 在CID时，应与其他宫内感染如先天性风疹，弓形虫、梅毒螺旋体、单纯疱疹病毒等感染相鉴别。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "HCMV",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性风疹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "HCMV",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "弓形虫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "HCMV",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "梅毒螺旋体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "HCMV",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "单纯疱疹病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
心肌病@ （二）心电图及 HOLTER 大多数患儿心电图上呈窦性心动过速。心肌病@常见非特异性ST-T变化，左心室肥大，左右心房扩大及右心室肥大。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心肌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非特异性ST-T变化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心肌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "窦性心动过速"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
银屑病性关节炎(psoriatic arthritis) ：1个或更多的关节炎合并银屑病,或关节炎合并以下任何2项:①指（趾)炎;②指甲凹陷或指甲脱离;③家族史中一级亲属有银屑病。发生骶髂关节炎或强直性脊柱炎者，HLA-B27 阳性。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "银屑病性关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骶髂关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "银屑病性关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "强直性脊柱炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "银屑病性关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "psoriatic arthritis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "银屑病性关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "指甲凹陷或指甲脱离"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "银屑病性关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "指（趾)炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "指（趾)炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "指甲凹陷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "指（趾)炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "指甲脱离"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "骶髂关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HLA-B27 阳性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "强直性脊柱炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HLA-B27 阳性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
自身免疫性肝炎@一项系统性综述发现，与对硫唑嘌呤治疗无反应的患者相比，无法耐受硫唑嘌呤的患者接受麦考酚酯治疗的疗效更佳。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "麦考酚酯"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
传染性单核细胞增多症（infectious mononucleosis,IM)是由 EB 病毒（Epstein-Barr virus,EBV)所致的急性感染性疾病,主要侵犯儿童和青少年,临床上以发热、咽喉痛、肝脾和淋巴结肿大、外周血中淋巴细胞增多并出现异型淋巴细胞等为特征。 【实验室检查】 血常规外周血象改变是本病的重要特征。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "传染性单核细胞增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血常规外周血象改变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "传染性单核细胞增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "infectious mononucleosis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "传染性单核细胞增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "IM"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "infectious mononucleosis",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "IM"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "传染性单核细胞增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "由 EB 病毒（Epstein-Barr virus,EBV)所致"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "传染性单核细胞增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "传染性单核细胞增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "传染性单核细胞增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咽喉痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "传染性单核细胞增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝脾和淋巴结肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "传染性单核细胞增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青少年"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
乙型肝炎@对于体重超过 2000 g 的婴儿，应当测定母亲的 HBsAg 状态，如果为阳性，应当在 7 天内为婴儿尽快接种 HBIG。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "乙型肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HBIG"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
转移性乳腺癌@CDH1 生殖细胞系突变的个体不仅容易发生弥散性胃癌，也容易发生早发型乳腺小叶癌，且具有较低年龄小叶癌既往史或家族史者应做 CDH1 突变筛查。转移性乳腺癌@已经报道了一项乳腺癌和其他癌风险预测模型的综述，根据这些研究探讨了目前这些模型的优点和缺点，并试图建立新模型。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "筛查",
"subject": "乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CDH1 突变筛查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "弥散性胃癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生殖细胞系突变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "早发型乳腺小叶癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生殖细胞系突变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
尤因肉瘤可以发生在全身各个骨骼器，但半数以上的肿瘤发生在肢体的长骨，特别是股骨。 早期的症状有时同病变部位有着较大的关系，肋骨受累的病例可以有胸腔积液，下颌骨受到侵犯时可以有局部区域的感觉麻木，脊柱浸润时也可以因脊髓受压而产生下肢的无力甚至瘫痪。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "尤因肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "下颌骨"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "尤因肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "有局部区域的感觉麻木"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "尤因肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "下肢的无力甚至瘫痪"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "转移部位",
"subject": "尤因肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脊柱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "尤因肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "全身各个骨骼器"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "尤因肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肢体的长骨"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "尤因肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "股骨"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
维生素D不足将导致维生素D缺乏性佝偻病，这是一种慢性营养缺乏病，主要见于3岁以下婴幼儿。佝偻病使小儿抵抗力降低，容易合并肺炎及腹泻等疾病，影响小儿生长发育。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "维生素D不足",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "维生素D不足"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "3岁以下婴幼儿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "3岁以下婴幼儿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "佝偻病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "佝偻病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
（三）抗反流手术 儿科GERD需要进行手术治疗的比较少见，大约仅占5%～15%，这些患儿往往是由于食管外症状，如反复吸入性肺炎及窒息等呼吸道症状，才需要手术治疗。Nissan术应用至今已有40余年，仍被认为是最安全有效的方法，能迅速有效地解除GERD的症状。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "GERD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Nissan术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "GERD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗反流手术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
第一节 感染性口炎 一、细菌感染性口炎 （一）球菌性口炎 （coccigenic stomatitis） 细菌性口炎以球菌感染多见，常以黏膜糜烂、溃疡伴假膜形成为其特征，又称膜性口炎或假膜性口炎。 3.治疗 主要是控制感染，局部涂2%甲紫及金霉素甘油，病情较重者要给予抗生素静脉滴注或肌内注射，如青霉素及红霉素等，也可根据细菌药物敏感实验选用抗生素，则效果更好。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "球菌性口炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "金霉素甘油"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "球菌性口炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗生素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "球菌性口炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "球菌性口炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "红霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "细菌性口炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "球菌感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "细菌性口炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黏膜糜烂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "细菌性口炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "溃疡伴假膜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "细菌性口炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "膜性口炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "细菌性口炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "假膜性口炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
溃疡性结肠炎@### 弱 查看全部 ### 非甾体类抗炎药 使用NSAIDs药物，特别是非选择性的药物，会使一些患者此病突然加重。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非甾体类抗炎药"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "NSAIDs药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
慢性髓性白血病@## 并发症 ### 查看全部 并发症 table 并发症 | 时间表 | 可能性 ---|---|--- ### 全血细胞减少症 | 短期 | 高 是急变期的并发症。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "慢性髓性白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "全血细胞减少症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
PVH-IVH中25% ~ 35%发生出血性脑积水，主要发生于III -IV级PVH-IVH，是由于血液或血液小凝块阻塞中脑导水管，导致中脑导水管以上部位梗阻,双侧侧脑室、第三脑室扩大，脑实质受压、脑皮质变薄。临床上出现头围迅速增大、前囟饱满、颅缝分离，并遗留智力、运动发育障碍等后遗症。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "出血性脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头围迅速增大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "出血性脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "前囟饱满"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "出血性脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颅缝分离"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预后状况",
"subject": "PVH-IVH",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "运动发育障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "PVH-IVH",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "出血性脑积水"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "IV级PVH-IVH",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "出血性脑积水"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
在囟门和颅缝已闭合的较大儿童脑积水，常表现为颅内压增高症（头痛、呕吐和视乳头水肿）。当脑积水发展缓慢、脑室扩大和颅内压增高较慢时，可以只表现为头痛、个性和情绪的改变，或者出现展神经麻痹而使眼球内斜；但病程晚期多有颅内压增高症。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "个性和情绪的改变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "展神经麻痹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "眼球内斜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颅内压增高症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "颅内压增高症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "颅内压增高症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "颅内压增高症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "视乳头水肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
影响子痫前期基因型和表型的其他因素，包括：多基因型、基因种族特点、遗传倾向和选择、基因相互作用及环境，特别是基因和环境相互作用是极重要的。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "遗传因素",
"subject": "子痫前期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多基因型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "遗传因素",
"subject": "子痫前期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "基因种族特点"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "遗传因素",
"subject": "子痫前期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "遗传倾向和选择"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "遗传因素",
"subject": "子痫前期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "基因相互作用及环境"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "遗传因素",
"subject": "子痫前期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "基因和环境相互作用"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
多发性骨髓瘤@### 华氏巨球蛋白血症 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 无骨痛。多发性骨髓瘤@骨髓活组织检查显示淋巴细胞或浆细胞样淋巴细胞，骨骼检查呈阴性。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "华氏巨球蛋白血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨髓活组织检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "华氏巨球蛋白血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨骼检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "华氏巨球蛋白血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
在钩虫病流行地区，要大力开展消灭寄生虫病的卫生防疫工作，防止病儿重复感染，同时需给予口服铁剂，以预防或治疗贫血。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "口服铁剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
卵巢癌@对于绝经前的女性，手术常常推迟2-3个月经周期，以观察病灶是功能性的还是生理性的。 卵巢癌@### 实验室检查 超过80%的晚期卵巢癌患者血浆CA125水平升高；然而，将CA125检测作为一种术前诊断工具的敏感性和特异性均不足。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "卵巢癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血浆CA125水平升高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
骨性关节炎@手部骨性关节炎不包括掌指关节，常累及近指间关节与远指间关节，这可用以和类风湿性关节炎相区别。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "骨性关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "近指间关节"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "骨性关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "远指间关节"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@此外，可卡因可以促进心外膜血管痉挛，导致心绞痛。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "心外膜血管痉挛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心绞痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
胃癌@ ### 男性 男性胃癌患病风险可能是女性的2倍。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "胃癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
ST段抬高型心肌梗死@ 仅在高血压或存在持续缺血的患者中建议 β 受体阻滞剂静脉给药。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "β 受体阻滞剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
唐氏综合征（Down syndrome,DS)又称21三体综合征（trisomy 21 syndrome),是人类最早被确定的染色体病,在活产婴儿中发生率约为1 :000 ~1 :600，母亲年龄越大，发生率越高。 【遗传学基础】 细胞遗传学特征是第21号染色体呈三体征，其发生主要是由于亲代之一的生殖细胞在减数分裂形成配子时,或受精卵在有丝分裂时，21号染色体发生不分离,胚胎体细胞内存在一条额外的21号染色体。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "遗传因素",
"subject": "唐氏综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "第21号染色体呈三体征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "唐氏综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Down syndrome"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "唐氏综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "DS"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "唐氏综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "21三体综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "21三体综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "trisomy 21 syndrome"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "唐氏综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "1 :000 ~1 :600"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "唐氏综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "母亲年龄越大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
许多有恐怖症的儿童往往不寻求医疗，因为患儿采取躲避性行为，不与引起恐怖的事物接触，然而，只有当患儿的恐怖导致拒绝上学才引起父母和教师的关注，要求治疗。在适当情况下用药物辅助治疗，常用的是抗焦虑药和抗抑郁药。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "恐怖症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗焦虑药"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "恐怖症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗抑郁药"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
中耳炎@检查 采用耳镜检查这些患者中耳积液的颜色、气液平面，或正常鼓膜标志是否有气泡。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "内窥镜检查",
"subject": "中耳炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "耳镜检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
【诊断】 近年来，随着诊断技术的发展，骨骼肿瘤的诊断也有了很大的提高。 （三）活组织检查 是骨肿瘤诊断中最具确诊意义的检查手段。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "骨骼肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "活组织检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
卵巢癌@ 对于DVT和非大块肺栓塞，可以应用治疗量低分子肝素来处理， 然而，对于状态不稳定的肺栓塞患者，应当给予静脉用肝素。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "DVT",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "治疗量低分子肝素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肺栓塞",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "静脉用肝素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
类风湿关节炎@## 鉴别诊断 ### 查看全部 ### 银屑病关节炎（PsA） 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 常累及手、足小关节但非对称性。类风湿关节炎@与RA不同的是，银屑病关节炎中远端指间关节（DIP）可能受累。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "转移部位",
"subject": "银屑病关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "手、足小关节"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "银屑病关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "PsA"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "银屑病关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "PsA"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "转移部位",
"subject": "银屑病关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中远端指间关节"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "转移部位",
"subject": "银屑病关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "DIP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
口咽癌@治疗后每月应行体格检查，间接或直接的上呼吸道内镜检查。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "口咽癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体格检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "内窥镜检查",
"subject": "口咽癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "上呼吸道内镜检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
对于梦魇发作频繁或较严重者，首先寻找可能影响梦魇发生的一些因素，如各种紧张、焦虑情绪以及某些药物的应用等，有针对性地进行对因治疗。如果孩子由于恐惧无法自己再次入睡，可以暂时允许其与父母睡在一起。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "梦魇",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "与父母睡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
转移性乳腺癌@ ### 所有患者的其他治疗注意事项 双磷酸盐或德尼单抗（加补充钙剂及维生素 D）是转移性乳腺癌治疗中的重要部分，不管是从保护激素治疗患者骨骼角度、还是从骨骼转移患者的角度，均是如此。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "双磷酸盐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "德尼单抗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
慢性淋巴细胞白血病@流式细胞术检查发现 CLL 典型的细胞表面标志物，且根据特征性免疫表型的检测作出诊断。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "流式细胞术检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
磨牙症@儿童 – 附加 – 软弹性咬合板 针对经选择患者组部分患者的治疗推荐 对于儿童，不得使用硬性或刚性咬合板。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "磨牙症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "软弹性咬合板"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
若怀疑半乳糖血症，无论尿中是否发现还原物质，患儿均应立即停服含半乳糖的饮食，用豆奶或其他不含乳糖的配方奶替代。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "半乳糖血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "豆奶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "半乳糖血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "不含乳糖的配方奶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
急性髓性白血病@AML 在老年人中更为常见。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急性髓性白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "AML"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "急性髓性白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "老年人"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
（3）AMSAN：轴索受损同AMAN。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "AMSAN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "轴索受损"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
肾细胞癌@ 如果在因其他适应症或靶向筛查而进行腹部超声检查时发现病变，接下来则应该行腹部和盆腔CT/MRI 检查，同时行胸部CT以明确分期。肾细胞癌@螺旋或对比增强 CT是首选；MRI 是一种供替代的选择，尤其适用于当患者存在对比增强CT 禁忌症时（过敏或肾功能障碍）。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "肾细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹部和盆腔CT/MRI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "肾细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸部CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
另外，胃灼热是GERD的又一主要症状。当反流已引起食管黏膜损伤甚至溃疡时，患者会诉吞咽痛，体检可发现剑突下压痛。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "GERD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吞咽痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "GERD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "剑突下压痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
三、新生儿出血症 新生儿出血症（hemorrhagic disease of the newborn，HDN）为维生素K依赖的凝血因子Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ减少而引起的出血，又称新生儿自然出血症、维生素K依赖性出血症、新生儿低凝血酶原血症。 【预防】 出生后常规给维生素K11mg肌注1次，可有效防止本病的发生。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "新生儿出血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "给维生素K11mg肌注1次"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "新生儿出血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "hemorrhagic disease of the newborn"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "新生儿出血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HDN"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "新生儿出血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "新生儿自然出血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "新生儿出血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "维生素K依赖性出血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "新生儿出血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "新生儿低凝血酶原血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
食管癌@### IV 期（任何 T，任何 N, M1，任何 G） 转移性食管癌患者通常被给予联合化疗，尽管迄今为止并没有随机对照研究显示化疗相比于支持性疗法，患者可以明确的获益。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "化疗",
"subject": "转移性食管癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "联合化疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
胃炎@### 反射异常或感觉缺失 患有慢性胃炎和黏膜萎缩的老年人或者自身免疫性萎缩性胃炎患者可能出现临床维生素 B12 缺乏和恶性贫血的症状与体征。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "临床维生素 B12 缺乏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "黏膜萎缩",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "临床维生素 B12 缺乏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "自身免疫性萎缩性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "临床维生素 B12 缺乏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶性贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "黏膜萎缩",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶性贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
麻风病@ * 多菌型 (MB) 麻风（≥6 处病变）：使用利福平、氯法齐明和氨苯砜至少 12 个月。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多菌型 (MB) 麻风"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多菌型 (MB) 麻风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "利福平"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多菌型 (MB) 麻风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氯法齐明"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多菌型 (MB) 麻风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氨苯砜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
ST段抬高型心肌梗死@心脏骤停后电活动不稳定 – 附加 – 吗啡 针对经选择患者组部分患者的治疗推荐 #### 第一选择 [ 吗啡 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 每5～15 min静脉注射2～4 mg，直到能有效控制疼痛 吗啡适当镇痛是减轻持续胸痛和交感神经活动相关症状所必须的，这些症状可进一步增加心肌需氧量。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吗啡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
转移性乳腺癌@对于应用化疗加曲妥珠单抗的患者，一个常用的方案是保留曲妥珠单抗、改变化疗药物（如紫杉烷类加曲妥珠单抗治疗中出现进展，则改为长春瑞滨加曲妥珠单抗）。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "曲妥珠单抗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "紫杉烷类加曲妥珠单抗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "长春瑞滨加曲妥珠单抗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
中耳炎@[ 胆脂瘤 ](/topics/zh-cn/1033) 。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "中耳炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆脂瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
（三）替代治疗 首选冷沉淀物，常用的还有新鲜血液、新鲜血浆及新鲜冰冻血浆。 （五）vWF抗体抑制剂 大约10%的3型vWD患者在输入含vWF的血浆制品后会产生vWF抗体。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "vWD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "替代治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "vWD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "冷沉淀物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "vWD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "新鲜血液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "vWD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "新鲜血浆"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "vWD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "新鲜冰冻血浆"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "vWD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "vWF抗体抑制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
患者通常没有明显肌肉外受累表现，但大量研究证实高频性耳聋以及视网膜血管异常在FSHD人群中的发病率正逐渐上升，但常无临床意义。 【治疗】 目前尚无特殊的治疗，支持治疗是主要治疗手段。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "FSHD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支持治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
若怀疑半乳糖血症，要用Benedict试剂和葡萄糖氧化酶方法检测尿液，葡萄糖氧化酶方法测定葡萄糖具有特异性，而Benedict试剂能够检测任何还原物质。尿液化验显示葡萄糖阴性及Benedict试验阳性，提示存在非葡萄糖性还原物质，结合临床表现，这种结果最可能是半乳糖血症。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "半乳糖血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿液化验"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "半乳糖血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
ST段抬高型心肌梗死@### 其他诊断因素 ### 常见 查看全部 ### 恶心和（或）呕吐 与心肌梗死相关的常见表现，并非心肌梗死的特异性表现，但通常与下壁心肌梗死相关，原因是迷走神经张力增高，这可以是下壁心肌梗死的唯一指征。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶心"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "迷走神经张力增高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
成人哮喘@已经证明 ICS 能显著减少运动性哮喘的严重程度。成人哮喘@在运动前可立即使用色甘酸钠、奈多罗米钠或支气管舒张剂（或作为急救药物），直到 ICS 全面起效。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "成人哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "色甘酸钠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "成人哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "奈多罗米钠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "成人哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支气管舒张剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
前置胎盘@预计在剖宫产比例不断增加的其他国家/地区，也会反映出（前置胎盘）发生率的增高。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "前置胎盘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "剖宫产"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
（四）凝血酶原时间和肝促凝血活酶试验 AHF时，凝血酶原时间（prothrombin time，PT）总是延长的。 针对病因治疗或特异性治疗：①对HBV-DNA阳性的肝衰竭患者，在知情同意的基础上可尽早酌情使用核苷类似物如拉米夫定，但应注意后续治疗中病毒变异和停药后病情加重的可能；②对乙酰氨基酚中毒所致者，给予N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）治疗，最好在肝衰竭出现前即用口服活性炭加NAC静脉滴注。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "AHF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "活性炭加NAC"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肝衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "核苷类似物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肝衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "拉米夫定"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肝衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "N-乙酰半胱氨酸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肝衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "活性炭加NAC静脉滴注"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "N-乙酰半胱氨酸",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "NAC"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "AHF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "凝血酶原时间"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "AHF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝促凝血活酶试验"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@部分患者需要额外补充口服营养素，约5%的患者需肠内营养支持。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "营养素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
18-三体综合征@降低这类患儿的出生是优生优育的关键，取羊水细胞进行染色体检查是常用的产前诊断方法，核型分析类同外周血淋巴细胞染色体检查。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "18-三体综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "染色体检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
（三）抗幽门螺杆菌药物的临床疗效评价 1.单一药物治疗 许多抗生素尽管有较好的抗幽门螺杆菌活性，但却不适合幽门螺杆菌感染的治疗。 （2）以质子泵抑制剂（PPI）为主的方案： PPI加两种抗生素。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "幽门螺杆菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "质子泵抑制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "幽门螺杆菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "PPI加两种抗生素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
甲状腺癌@### 气管偏移 由增大的腺体挤压所致。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "甲状腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "气管偏移"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
小儿哮喘@哮喘急性发作天数减少：有低质量证据表明，年龄6-14岁的持续哮喘儿童使用吸入性布地奈德至少6周，增加口服孟鲁司特（白三烯受体拮抗剂）至吸入性布地奈德比增加安慰剂至吸入性布地奈德在4周内适当减少哮喘急性发作天数方面更有效，但不在改善全球评估或减少需要临时医疗措施或口服皮质类固醇的哮喘急性发作上。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白三烯受体拮抗剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "布地奈德"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
乳腺原位癌@ ### 溃疡 表现为皮肤溃疡的乳腺癌易被忽略。乳腺原位癌@ ### 危险因素 ### 强 查看全部 ### 乳腺癌家族史 原位导管癌 (DCIS) 的风险增加 1.5 倍，原位小叶癌 (LCIS) 的风险增加 1.7 倍。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "乳腺原位癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤溃疡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
第三章 甲状腺功能亢进症 【概述】 甲状腺功能亢进症（hyperthyroidism，甲亢）是指由于甲状腺激素分泌过多所致的临床综合征，常伴有甲状腺肿大、眼球外突及基础代谢率增高等表现。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "甲状腺功能亢进症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "hyperthyroidism"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "甲状腺功能亢进症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲亢"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "甲状腺功能亢进症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲状腺激素分泌过多"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "甲状腺功能亢进症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲状腺肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "甲状腺功能亢进症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "眼球外突"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "甲状腺功能亢进症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "基础代谢率增高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
铅中毒@结果 结果多样；可能显示神经传导速度变缓 ### 新兴检查 ### 查看全部 ### 长骨的 X 线荧光检查 检查 结果 检查 可表明长骨铅暴露的程度；用于测量长骨的铅，特别是在胫骨。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "长骨的 X 线荧光检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
缺铁通常经过以下3个阶段才发生贫血:①铁减少期（iron depletion,ID):此阶段体内贮存铁已减少,但供红细胞合成血红蛋白的铁尚未减少;②红细胞生成缺铁期（iron deficient erythropoiesis,IDE):此期贮存铁进一 步耗竭，红细胞生成所需的铁亦不足，但循环中血红蛋白的量尚未减少；③缺铁性贫血期（iron deficiency anemia,IDA):此期出现小细胞低色素性贫血，还有一些非造血系统的症状。 髓外造血表现 由于髓外造血，肝、脾可轻度肿大;年龄越小,病程越久,贫血越重,肝脾大越明显。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "缺铁性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝、脾可轻度肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
隐球菌病@ （一）抗真菌药物 1.两性霉素B 静脉滴注用于中枢神经系统隐球菌病或其他内脏隐球菌病。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "隐球菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "两性霉素B"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
前列腺癌@ ### 尿频 低风险疾病中并不常见，如果出现，可能提示有更高的T分期或BPH。前列腺癌@ ### 排尿踌躇 低风险疾病中并不常见，如果出现，可能提示有更高的T分期或BPH。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "前列腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿频"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
GSDⅪ型 乳酸脱氢酶A缺乏，受累组织为肝脏及肾脏。临床症状和体征：酸中毒倾向，生长显著落后，维生素D抵抗性佝偻病，高血脂，尿糖、氨基酸及磷酸排量增高，肾脏大小正常。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "GSDⅪ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "酸中毒倾向"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "GSDⅪ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生长显著落后"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "GSDⅪ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "维生素D抵抗性佝偻病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "GSDⅪ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高血脂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "GSDⅪ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿糖"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "GSDⅪ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氨基酸及磷酸排量增高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "GSDⅪ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾脏大小正常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "GSDⅪ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝脏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "GSDⅪ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾脏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
脑炎@在第 12 到 13 天时，临床医生应考虑重复进行腰椎穿刺和 PCR 检测，以决定是否停止治疗或继续治疗至第 21 天。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腰椎穿刺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "PCR 检测"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
皮肤鳞状细胞癌@ 美国的年度发病例数大概为＞100,000。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "多发地区",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "美国"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
病毒感染（主要是 EBV)往往是遗传性免疫缺陷相关性HLH的诱发因素,诊断除靠家族史、临床表现和相关实验室检查外，基因序列分析是确诊的依据。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "遗传性免疫缺陷相关性HLH",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "病毒感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "遗传性免疫缺陷相关性HLH",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "EBV"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@### 血脂异常 胆固醇是晚期粥样硬化斑块的主要组成部分。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血脂异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
肥厚型心肌病@### 心尖部收缩期双重搏动或颈动脉双重搏动 最初可以触摸到1次心尖搏动，之后是短暂的陷落，而后又是1次搏动。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肥厚型心肌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心尖部收缩期双重搏动"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肥厚型心肌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颈动脉双重搏动"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
多发性硬化症@开始芬戈莫德治疗 3 至 4 个月后，相应监测应当包括重复眼科检查。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "芬戈莫德"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
癫痫持续状态@脑电图模式常常令人迷惑，尤其是代谢性脑病的病例，比如肝或肾脑病。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "代谢性脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑电图"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
室上性心动过速@在无旁道前传的患儿，地高辛或普萘洛尔是主要的治疗手段。室上性心动过速@这些患儿可长期口服普萘洛尔。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "室上性心动过速",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "普萘洛尔"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "室上性心动过速",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "地高辛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
（八）神经系统症状 狼疮脑炎是SLE严重的并发症，相对发生率约30%（20%～50%），有5%患儿以神经系统症状为首发症状，表现为弥漫性脑功能障碍（意识和定向障碍，智能和记忆力下降，精神异常等）或局限性脑功能障碍，如癫痫和脑血管意外，偏瘫及失语。可出现巩膜炎、虹膜炎及视网膜炎等眼部症状。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "SLE",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "巩膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "SLE",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "虹膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "SLE",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "视网膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "SLE",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "狼疮脑炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "狼疮脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "30%（20%～50%）"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
（三）其他 包括免疫抑制药（环孢霉素、ATG）和DNA甲基化酶抑制药［5-氮杂胞苷（azacytidine，5AC）和地西他滨（decitabine，DAC）］，除有ATG治疗儿童MDS的小系列报道外，其他药物极少有用于儿童MDS的研究报道。全反式维A酸对MDS剂量为每日20～60mg/m2，疗程1～9个月。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "MDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "全反式维A酸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "MDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "ATG"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "MDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "环孢霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "MDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "5-氮杂胞苷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "MDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "地西他滨"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
疟疾感染@或 [ 四环素 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 儿童≥8岁：25mg/kg/d分4次口服，共7天；成人：每次250mg，每日四次，共7天 或 [ 克林霉素 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 儿童和成人：20 mg（基质）/kg，分3次口服，服用7天 #### 第二选择 [ 甲氟喹 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 儿童和成人：剂量咨询专科医生 氯喹在全球大部分地区普遍耐药（除美洲中部的巴拿马运河，海地和多明尼加共和国以及中东部分地区）。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "四环素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "克林霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲氟喹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
卵巢癌@常见的症状是腹胀、恶心呕吐、早饱、消化不良、腹围增加、腹部绞痛或排便习惯改变，这些都提示可能是晚期卵巢癌。卵巢癌@早期患者偶尔也会因为卵巢扭转出现盆腔疼痛或压迫；然而，多数早期患者没有症状。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "卵巢癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "盆腔疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "卵巢癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹胀"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "卵巢癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶心呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "卵巢癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "早饱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "卵巢癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "消化不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "卵巢癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹围增加"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "卵巢癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹部绞痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "卵巢癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "排便习惯改变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
（四）寄生虫 滴虫、梨形鞭毛虫、隐形孢子虫等也可引起新生儿流行性腹泻。 （二）全身症状 常有发热、精神萎靡、哭吵不安，严重者出现嗜睡、面色苍白、唇周发绀。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "新生儿流行性腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "新生儿流行性腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "精神萎靡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "新生儿流行性腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "哭吵不安"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "新生儿流行性腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "嗜睡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "新生儿流行性腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "面色苍白"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "新生儿流行性腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "唇周发绀"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "新生儿流行性腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "滴虫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "新生儿流行性腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "梨形鞭毛虫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "新生儿流行性腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "隐形孢子虫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
急性细菌性脑膜炎（bacterial meningitis)，也称为化脓性脑膜炎（purulent meningitis)，临床上简称化脑，是各种化脓性细菌引起的脑膜炎症，部分患者病变累及脑实质。临床上以急性发热、惊厥、意识障碍、颅内压增高和脑膜刺激征及脑脊液脓性改变为特征。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "惊厥"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "意识障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颅内压增高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑膜刺激征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑脊液脓性改变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急性细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "bacterial meningitis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急性细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "化脓性脑膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急性细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "purulent meningitis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急性细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "化脑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "急性细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑实质"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
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