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口腔黏膜炎@### 腹泻 同时伴有胃肠道黏膜炎患者可能出现这一症状。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "口腔黏膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "口腔黏膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胃肠道黏膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
由于前驱感染病原体种类的差异和宿主免疫遗传因素的影响,吉兰-巴雷综合征患者周围神经可主要表现为髓鞘脱失或轴索变性，或两者皆有。病前可有腹泻或呼吸道感染史。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病史",
"subject": "吉兰-巴雷综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病史",
"subject": "吉兰-巴雷综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸道感染史"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
类风湿关节炎@### 其他表现 RA偶有累及大关节如膝、肩关节，但少见。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "转移部位",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大关节"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
痛风@别嘌呤醇、非布索坦 (febuxostat)、丙磺舒、雷西纳德 (lesinurad) 或磺吡酮可作为降尿酸药用于长期预防结晶沉积。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "别嘌呤醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非布索坦"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "febuxostat"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "丙磺舒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "雷西纳德"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "lesinurad"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "磺吡酮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
例如糖尿病酮症酸中毒病人同时存在肺气肿，呼吸窘迫综合征（ respiratory distress syndrome ， RDS ）病人有呼吸性酸中毒与代谢性酸中毒同时存在时。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "呼吸窘迫综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "respiratory distress syndrome"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
产后抑郁症@ * 明确的心理社会困境与产后抑郁症轻到中度关联，随后抑郁发作的风险取决于困境的持续。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "产后抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "明确的心理社会困境"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "抑郁发作",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "困境的持续"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗而言，如果治疗后最初 48 小时内肌钙蛋白增高 5 倍以上且有以下任一项，则认为是 NSTEMI： 症状；心电图改变；与手术并发症一致的血管造影发现；或影像学检查显示新的存活心肌损失或新的局部室壁运动异常。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "经皮冠状动脉介入治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心电图"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@## 治疗步骤 ### 一般治疗方法 稳定型缺血性心脏病 (SIHD) 患者的治疗目标是： * 减少过早心血管死亡 * 防止会导致功能状态受损（即非致命性心肌梗死和心力衰竭）的 SIHD 并发症 * 维持或恢复活动耐量和生活质量 * 完全或几乎完全消除心绞痛症状。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "功能状态受损"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "SIHD"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "非致命性心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "功能状态受损"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
麻风病@疾病持续状态 ### 1 型反应（逆向反应） 查看全部 首选 – 泼尼松龙或环孢素，同时联合多种药物持续治疗 #### 第一选择 [ 泼尼松龙 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 1 mg/kg，口服，每日一次 #### 第二选择 [ 环孢素 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 5 mg/kg/日，口服，每日一次，或分两次服用 1 型反应（逆向反应）是会造成麻风相关并发症发病率增加的医学急症。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "泼尼松龙"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "环孢素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
在高渗性脱水，水从细胞内转移至细胞外使细胞内外的渗透压达到平衡，其结果是细胞内容量降低。由于脱水后肾脏负担明显增加，既要尽量回吸收水分，同时又要将体内废物排出体外，如果脱水继续加重，最终将出现氮质血症。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "高渗性脱水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氮质血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "脱水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氮质血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
慢性心房颤动@然而明显的规律性脉搏并不能排除心房颤动。 慢性心房颤动@### 罕见 查看全部 ### 气短 心房颤动相关的心肌病患者可能会出现呼吸困难。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性心房颤动",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "气短"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
腹主动脉瘤@[ 肾绞痛 ](/topics/zh-cn/225) ### 肠易激综合征 (IBS) 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 间歇性腹部不适，发作时持续 2 至 4 天。 腹主动脉瘤@[ 肠易激综合征 (IBS) ](/topics/zh-cn/122) ### 炎性肠病 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 腹痛常为痉挛痛，位于左侧。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肠易激综合征 (IBS)",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹痛常为痉挛痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肠易激综合征 (IBS)",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "间歇性腹部不适"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
基底细胞癌@### 高危亚型 查看全部 首选 – Mohs手术 可以作为高危型基底细胞癌的治疗方案，包括大的硬斑病型基底细胞癌以及边界不清的基底细胞癌。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "基底细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Mohs手术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "高危型基底细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "硬斑病型基底细胞癌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
急性髓性白血病@### 维生素 B12 缺乏 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 可能有与恶性贫血相一致的家族病史。 急性髓性白血病@感觉异常是一种早期症状。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "维生素 B12 缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感觉异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "急性髓性白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "维生素 B12 缺乏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
妊娠胆汁淤积@### HELLP 综合征 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 大多数情况下为先兆子痫典型表现，包括高血压、血小板减少症和蛋白尿。 妊娠胆汁淤积@检查 血小板减少症，转氨酶在50-2000units/L之间。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血小板减少症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "妊娠胆汁淤积",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HELLP 综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "先兆子痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HELLP 综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "蛋白尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
ALL的化疗:儿童ALL均需经历下列阶段的治疗： 诱导治疗诱导缓解治疗是患者能否长期无病生存的关键,需联合数种化疗药物，最大限度地杀灭白血病细胞，从而尽快达到完全缓解。常用CAM方案：环磷酰胺 (CTX)，阿糖胞苷（Ara-C) ,6-硫基嘌呤(6-MP)。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "化疗",
"subject": "ALL",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CAM方案"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
溃疡性结肠炎可按以下情况进行分型： 1.按临床表现程度 轻度、中度、重度和极重度。重度：腹泻每日6次以上，明显黏液血便，体温在37. 5°以上，脉搏加快，血红蛋白＜100g/L，血沉＞30mm/h。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黏液血便"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体温在37. 5°以上"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脉搏加快"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血红蛋白＜100g/L"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血沉＞30mm/h"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "阶段",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "轻度"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "阶段",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中度"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "阶段",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "重度"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "阶段",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "极重度"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
【流行病学】 肺吸虫病分布甚广，亚洲、非洲，北美洲、拉丁美洲及欧洲均有发生。此外尚可有癔症症状，表现为精神失常，记忆力差，有幻觉、幻视等。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "精神失常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "幻视"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发地区",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "分布甚广"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发地区",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "亚洲"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发地区",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非洲"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发地区",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "北美洲"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发地区",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "拉丁美洲"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发地区",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "欧洲"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
疟疾感染@以青蒿素为基础的联合疗法 (ACT) 是妊娠早期之后的首选治疗方法。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "ACT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
麻风病@### 典型皮肤病变 皮肤病变表现各异，但斑疹、丘疹或结节常见。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤病变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "斑疹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "丘疹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "结节"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
根据支气管扩张的形态分为4型：①圆柱状：较局限，常见于轻症；②囊状：分布范围较广，多为重症；③核状：介于两者之间；④混合型：兼有以上两种形态，较常见。近年来支气管造影在很大程度上已被CT、尤其是高分辨CT替代。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "支气管扩张",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "支气管扩张",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "圆柱状"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "支气管扩张",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "核状"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "支气管扩张",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "囊状"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "支气管扩张",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "混合型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
唇腭裂@口腔颌面裂可表现为： * 单侧或双侧 * 完全性，不完全性，或隐性（例如，黏膜下腭裂） * 唇裂伴或不伴有腭裂，或单纯腭裂 * 非典型的颅面部畸形。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "口腔颌面裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "唇裂伴或不伴有腭裂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "口腔颌面裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "单纯腭裂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "口腔颌面裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非典型的颅面部畸形"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
表9-1克罗恩病与溃疬性结肠炎的鉴别 【辅助检査】 实验室检查 包括全血细胞计数、血沉、C反应蛋白（CRP)、血清白蛋白等。活动期白细胞计数可升高，CRP可升高，血沉可加快。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "克罗恩病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白细胞计数可升高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "克罗恩病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CRP可升高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "克罗恩病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血沉可加快"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "溃疬性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白细胞计数可升高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "溃疬性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CRP可升高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "溃疬性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血沉可加快"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "克罗恩病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "溃疬性结肠炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "克罗恩病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "全血细胞计数"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "克罗恩病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血沉"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "克罗恩病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "C反应蛋白"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "克罗恩病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CRP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "克罗恩病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清白蛋白"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "溃疬性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "全血细胞计数"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "溃疬性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血沉"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "溃疬性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "C反应蛋白"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "溃疬性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CRP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "溃疬性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清白蛋白"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "C反应蛋白",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "CRP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
急性淋巴细胞白血病@如果出现纵隔增宽，可以进行胸部CT。急性淋巴细胞白血病@ 。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸部CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
【病因】 癫痫的病因复杂多样，构成癫痫发作的因素包括遗传因素、脑内致痫性损伤因素以及诱发性因素等，不同的年龄往往有不同的病因范围。 （三）隐源性（cryptogenic） 即可能为症状性。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "癫痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "隐源性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "癫痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "遗传因素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "癫痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑内致痫性损伤因素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "癫痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "诱发性因素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
腹主动脉瘤@ESR 和 CRP 升高支持炎症性 AAA 的诊断。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "炎症性 AAA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "ESR 和 CRP 升高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@药物治疗通常包括降低胆固醇药物、降压药物、心脏保护药物、阿司匹林和其他类似药物。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "降低胆固醇药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "降压药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心脏保护药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿司匹林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
急性胰腺炎@### 厌食 急性胰腺炎急性发作时，通常可见恶心、疼痛和全身不适后继发的食欲减退。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "厌食"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶心"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
【并发症】 （一）硬脑膜下积液 常见于1岁以下的肺炎链球菌及流感杆菌脑膜炎患儿，但亦可见于流脑和其他细菌引起的化脑。体格检查见前囟膨隆、颅骨缝裂开、头围增大、叩诊有破壶音。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "硬脑膜下积液",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "前囟膨隆"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "硬脑膜下积液",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颅骨缝裂开"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "硬脑膜下积液",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头围增大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "硬脑膜下积液",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "叩诊有破壶音"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
【治疗】 （一）维持正常脑灌注 大量IVH时，由于动脉压降低和颅内压增高，脑灌流减少，因此必须维持血压在足够的水平，同时避免血压的过度波动和脑血流速度的突然升高，没有必要的过分积极治疗反而会加重已经存在的脑损伤。如腰椎穿刺治疗无效，可考虑暂时直接脑室外部引流，少数患儿由于脑脊液吸收旁路重建而得以恢复。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "IVH",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "暂时直接脑室外部引流"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "IVH",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "维持正常脑灌注"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
【诊断】 找到蛲虫卵或发现蛲虫成虫即可确诊蛲虫病。 （二）局部疗法 每次排便后和每晚睡前，用温水洗肛门和臀部，用2%白降汞软膏或10%氧化锌软膏涂抹于肛门周围皮肤上，或用蛲虫软膏通过塑料管挤入肛门内少许，不但可止痒，且可减少自体重复感染。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "蛲虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "蛲虫软膏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
非小细胞肺癌@ * Ⅰ 期：较小肿瘤 (＜3 cm)，局限于肺部，没有扩散至淋巴结。非小细胞肺癌@ * Ⅳ 期：肿瘤已转移到同侧肺外部。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "阶段",
"subject": "非小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Ⅳ 期"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "外侵部位",
"subject": "非小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "同侧肺外部"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "阶段",
"subject": "非小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Ⅰ 期"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "非小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺部"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@[ 恐慌发作 ](/topics/zh-cn/121) ### 稳定型缺血性心脏病 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 心绞痛可以再发，并且因为劳累而诱发，休息或服用硝酸甘油可以缓解疼痛。非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@冠状动脉导管检查可能显示典型的冠状动脉腔壁固定狭窄。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "内窥镜检查",
"subject": "心绞痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "冠状动脉导管检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "稳定型缺血性心脏病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "心绞痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "劳累"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "心绞痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "硝酸甘油"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心绞痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
肥厚型心肌病@ 美国、日本和中国的患病率为 0.16%-0.29%。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "肥厚型心肌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "0.16%-0.29%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
活产儿发病率为1 : 100 000~1 :400 000，占整个GSD的25%左右（第20版Nelson儿科学）。 DNA分析 基因突变分析是分型最可靠的依据。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "GSD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "DNA分析"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "GSD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "1 : 100 000~1 :400 000"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
病毒性脑膜炎@可能伴有皮疹。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮疹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
新生儿破伤风(neonatal tetanus)是指破伤风杆菌侵入脐部生长繁殖,并产生痉挛毒素而引起以牙关紧闭和全身肌肉强直性痉挛为特征的急性感染性疾病。痉挛期应暂禁食,禁食期间可通过静脉供给营养，症状减轻后试用胃管喂养。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "新生儿破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "禁食"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "新生儿破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "neonatal tetanus"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
转移性乳腺癌@德尼单抗无肾毒性，因此用于肾功能受损患者时可能优于双膦酸盐。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "德尼单抗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
AVP基因结构异常、下丘脑及神经垂体发育缺陷，或下丘脑-神经束-神经垂体区域受到炎症、肿瘤、外伤、手术、自身免疫损伤等均能产生中枢性尿崩症。婴幼儿烦渴时哭闹不安，不肯吃奶，饮水后安静。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中枢性尿崩症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "哭闹不安"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中枢性尿崩症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "不肯吃奶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中枢性尿崩症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "饮水后安静"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "中枢性尿崩症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "AVP基因结构异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
肝硬化@[ 血吸虫病 ](/topics/zh-cn/809) ### 肉状瘤病 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 肺受累特征：干咳、呼吸困难。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "肝硬化",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血吸虫病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "肝硬化",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肉状瘤病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@### 手术治疗 外科手术治疗慢性胰腺炎疼痛及其他并发症的手段主要包括：减压（引流）、去神经支配和切除。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "引流"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "切除"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "去神经支配"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
一、库鲁病（kuru disease） 首先发现于新几内亚。早期体征是轻微震颤，伴平衡障碍及共济失调。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "库鲁病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "轻微震颤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "库鲁病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "平衡障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "库鲁病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "共济失调"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "库鲁病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "kuru disease"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@结果 运动中或运动后ST段水平或下斜型压低≥1 mm，或ST段抬高被认为是阳性（缺血）。稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@高风险疾病：局部室壁运动异常及左心功能不全 ### 负荷超声心动图 检查 结果 检查 下列患者可能需要此项检查：不能以充分程度运动进行心电图负荷试验；存在左束支传导阻滞、起搏室性心律、使用洋地黄类药物、预激或静息时 ST 段压低＞1 mm（例如左心室肥厚或洋地黄效应）；或曾经接受过血运重建和心肌存活检查。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "局部室壁运动异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "左心功能不全"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "负荷超声心动图"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
溃疡性结肠炎@联合 – 口服皮质类固醇 针对经选择患者组全部患者的治疗推荐 #### 第一选择 [ 泼尼松龙 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 30-40 mg，口服，每日1次，一旦诱导缓解，逐渐减量 用于诱导缓解，但不能有效地维持。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮质类固醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "泼尼松龙"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
参考依据:有以下之一者结合临床表现可考虑心肌炎由病毒引起:①自粪便、咽拭子或血液中分离到病毒，且恢复期血清同型抗体滴度较第一份血清升高或降低4倍以上;②病程早期血中特异性IgM抗体阳性;③用病毒核酸探针自患儿血中査到病毒核酸。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
白喉@偶尔，也可以由其他产白喉毒素棒状杆菌引起的，如 _溃疡杆菌_ 或 _假结核棒状杆菌_ 。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "溃疡杆菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "假结核棒状杆菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "产白喉毒素棒状杆菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
脑炎@MRI –显示多发性小梗塞灶，常见于皮质。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MRI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
（三）免疫分型 根据单克隆抗体（McAb）对白血病细胞表面分化抗原、胞质免疫球蛋白链的反应，可将ALL分为T、B二大系列。腹部B型超声或CT可发现部分病例有不同程度的肾脏、肝脏的浸润性病变及腹腔淋巴结肿大。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "ALL",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹部B型超声"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "ALL",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
细菌感染（如大肠埃希菌、志贺痢疾杆菌、肺炎链球菌和沙门菌）及病毒感染［包括柯萨奇病毒、埃可病毒、流感病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）］均可诱发HUS。有资料表明，出血性大肠埃希菌（EHEC）O157：H7是引起一些地区流行性感染性腹泻相关的HUS的主要病原，O157：H7主要存在于家畜肠道、未煮熟透的肉类和未经消毒的牛奶。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "人类免疫缺陷病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "出血性大肠埃希菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "出血性大肠埃希菌",
"subject_type": "社会学",
"object": {
"@value": "EHEC"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "人类免疫缺陷病毒",
"subject_type": "社会学",
"object": {
"@value": "HIV"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "流感病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "埃可病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "柯萨奇病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "病毒感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "沙门菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎链球菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "志贺痢疾杆菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大肠埃希菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "细菌感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@除了对心率和动脉压的直接影响外，原因可能还有可卡因诱发的冠状血管痉挛和血栓形成。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "冠状血管痉挛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "可卡因"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "血栓形成",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "可卡因"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
帕金森病@### 正常压力性脑积水 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 痴呆、尿失禁、明显步态异常。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "帕金森病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "正常压力性脑积水"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "正常压力性脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "痴呆"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "正常压力性脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿失禁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "正常压力性脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "明显步态异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
膀胱癌@最常使用的是丝裂霉素，且灌注时间持续 30 分钟至 2 小时。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "膀胱癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "丝裂霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
小细胞肺癌@胸腔积液可以用肺野叩诊评估，表现出特征性的浊音。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "特征性的浊音"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
中耳炎@可以使用鼓室测量法或声反射检查来检验中耳是否存在渗液，但很少需要这样做，因为通常可以通过耳镜检查作出诊断。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "中耳炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "鼓室测量法"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "中耳炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "声反射检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "内窥镜检查",
"subject": "中耳炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "耳镜检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
【发病机制】 脑脓肿的形成按其机制，可分为血行播散、邻近感染灶蔓延和隐源性感染几类。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病机制",
"subject": "脑脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血行播散"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病机制",
"subject": "脑脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "邻近感染灶蔓延"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病机制",
"subject": "脑脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "隐源性感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
二、先天性肺囊肿 先天性肺囊肿（congenital pulmonary cysts）是常见的肺发育异常，系胚胎期肺芽发育障碍所致。肺部叩诊鼓音或实音，听诊呼吸音减低或消失。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "先天性肺囊肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺部叩诊鼓音或实音"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "先天性肺囊肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸音减低或消失"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "先天性肺囊肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "congenital pulmonary cysts"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
疟疾的主要病理变化是贫血，大量的红细胞被破坏。 （四）出汗退热期 患儿全身大汗淋漓，皮肤变冷，1～2小时内体温降至37℃以下。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "疟疾",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "全身大汗淋漓"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "疟疾",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤变冷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "疟疾",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
（三）肾脏替代治疗 当患者发展到终末肾衰竭时，应行透析或肾移植治疗。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "肾衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "透析"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "肾衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾移植"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
【病因】 基础心脏病变 90%的感染性心内膜炎患者均有基础性心脏病变，其中以先天性心脏病最为多见，约占80% ,室间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭、主动脉瓣狭窄等较常见;后天性心脏病，如风湿性瓣膜病、二尖瓣脱垂综合征等也可并发感染性心内膜炎。 诱发因素 约1/3的患儿在病史中可找到诱发因素,常见的诱发因素为纠治牙病和扁桃体摘 除术。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "纠治牙病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "扁桃体摘 除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "后天性心脏病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感染性心内膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "室间隔缺损",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感染性心内膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "动脉导管未闭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感染性心内膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "主动脉瓣狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感染性心内膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "先天性心脏病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "动脉导管未闭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "后天性心脏病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "风湿性瓣膜病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "后天性心脏病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "二尖瓣脱垂综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "风湿性瓣膜病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "二尖瓣脱垂综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "基础心脏病变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "基础性心脏病变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "先天性心脏病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "室间隔缺损"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "先天性心脏病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "主动脉瓣狭窄"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
细菌性脑膜炎@颅内压升高的患者应对其进行气管插管和通气治疗以维持充足的氧供和正常心肌功能。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "气管插管"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "通气治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
第四节 毛细支气管炎 毛细支气管炎（bronchiolitis）是婴儿期常见的下呼吸道炎症性疾病。 本病主要由病毒引起，呼吸道合胞病毒占50%以上，其次为副流感病毒3型、肺炎支原体、腺病毒等。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸道合胞病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎支原体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腺病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "bronchiolitis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
阿尔茨海默病@诊断不确定时，可进行正式的神经精神病学检查。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "阿尔茨海默病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "神经精神病学检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
抗病毒药物 病原尚未明确的病毒性脑炎应首选阿昔洛韦治疗，因为单纯疱疹病毒脑炎是最严重的病毒性脑炎，阿昔洛韦具有肯定疗效，每次5 ~ 10mg/kg,每8小时1次；如果是巨细胞包涵体病毒脑炎，更昔洛韦治疗有效，每次5mg/kg，每12小时1次。临床病情重（昏迷时间长等）、全脑弥漫性病变者预后差,往往遗留惊厥及智力、运动、心理行为、视力或听力残疾。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预后状况",
"subject": "病毒性脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "差"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "病毒性脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "更昔洛韦"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "病毒性脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿昔洛韦"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
（2）多潘立酮： 此药为外周多巴胺受体拮抗剂，能促进胃排空，协调胃、十二指肠运动，增强食管蠕动和LES张力。 （三）抗反流手术 儿科GERD需要进行手术治疗的比较少见，大约仅占5%～15%，这些患儿往往是由于食管外症状，如反复吸入性肺炎及窒息等呼吸道症状，才需要手术治疗。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "GERD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多潘立酮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "GERD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗反流手术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
广泛性焦虑障碍@ * 脑电图：当怀疑焦虑为癫痫发作的前驱症状时建议完善本检查辅助鉴别。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "广泛性焦虑障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑电图"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
垂体功能减退@ ### 生长激素缺乏 有严重生长激素缺乏临床表现的患者，如疲劳、生活质量差、躯干性肥胖加重、不利的血脂谱、肌肉组织或肌力低以及骨密度低，鼓励使用生长激素治疗。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "生长激素缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疲劳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "生长激素缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生活质量差"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "生长激素缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "躯干性肥胖加重"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "生长激素缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "不利的血脂谱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "生长激素缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌肉组织或肌力低"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "生长激素缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨密度低"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "生长激素缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生长激素治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "垂体功能减退",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生长激素缺乏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
感染性心内膜炎@ 急性期或出现失代偿性心力衰竭体征和症状的患者最难以治疗。感染性心内膜炎@通常，这些患者有侵袭性 _金黄色葡萄球菌_ 定植，并且有很快进展至失代偿的风险。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "金黄色葡萄球菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
产后抑郁症@轻度至中度 – 附加 – 抗抑郁药的使用 针对经选择患者组部分患者的治疗推荐 #### 第一选择 [ 舍曲林 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 口服25~200mg，每日1次 或 [ 帕罗西汀 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 口服10~50mg（常释型），每日1次 如果女性表示偏好药物治疗，拒绝心理干预，或如果她的症状对心理干预无反应，则推荐抗抑郁剂。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "产后抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗抑郁药"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "产后抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "舍曲林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "产后抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "帕罗西汀"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "产后抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗抑郁剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
甲状腺“危象”是甲状腺功能亢进症的一种类型，表现为急性发病、高热、严重的心动过速和不安，可迅速发展为谵妄、昏迷以至死亡。 2.所有患儿都有甲状腺肿大 肿大程度不一，一般为左右对称，质地柔软，表面光滑，边界清楚，可随吞咽动作上、下移动。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "甲状腺功能亢进症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲状腺肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "甲状腺功能亢进症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲状腺“危象”"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "甲状腺“危象”",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性发病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "甲状腺“危象”",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "甲状腺“危象”",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "严重的心动过速"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "甲状腺“危象”",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "不安"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "甲状腺“危象”",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "谵妄"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "甲状腺“危象”",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "昏迷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "甲状腺“危象”",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "死亡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
新生儿黄疸@在某些情况下，脾切除是一种治疗的选择（例如，镰状细胞贫血）。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "镰状细胞贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脾切除"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@[ 肺栓塞 ](/topics/zh-cn/116) ### 气胸 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 通常情况下，呈现急性胸痛、呼吸困难、咳嗽。 稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@检查 立位胸部X线片显示肺尖部胸膜线;注意卧位片的解读。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "气胸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "立位胸部X线片"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "气胸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "气胸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咳嗽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "气胸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性胸痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
第十四节 后尿道瓣膜症 后尿道瓣膜是男性儿童先天性下尿路梗阻中最常见的疾病。羊水过少妨碍胎儿胸廓的正常活动及肺在子宫内的扩张，造成肺发育不良，生后患儿常有呼吸困难、发绀、呼吸窘迫综合征、气胸及纵隔气肿，可死于呼吸衰竭。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "后尿道瓣膜症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "后尿道瓣膜症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发绀"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "后尿道瓣膜症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸窘迫综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "后尿道瓣膜症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "气胸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "后尿道瓣膜症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "纵隔气肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "后尿道瓣膜症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "可死于呼吸衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "后尿道瓣膜症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男性儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
2.对症治疗 对HCMV相关疾病予以相应处理，如肝炎时降酶、退黄、护肝治疗；肺炎有呼吸困难时氧疗法等；注意防治二重感染。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "降酶、退黄、护肝治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氧疗法"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
急性膀胱炎@妊娠期肾盂肾炎可以导致早产或流产。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "妊娠期肾盂肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "早产"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "妊娠期肾盂肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "流产"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
(—)肺炎支原体肺炎（Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia) 是学龄儿童及青年常见的一种肺炎，婴幼儿亦不少见。少数可闻及干、湿啰音,但多很快消失，故体征与剧咳及发热等临床症状不一致，为本病特点之一。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺炎支原体肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "干、湿啰音"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "肺炎支原体肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
2.药物 长春新碱、丝裂霉素、顺铂、氟尿嘧啶、柔红霉素、阿糖胞苷等抗肿瘤药物可引起化疗相关性HUS，环孢霉素等免疫抑制剂也可诱发HUS，偶见奎宁引起HUS的报道。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "奎宁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "环孢霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "化疗相关性HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿糖胞苷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "化疗相关性HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "柔红霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "化疗相关性HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氟尿嘧啶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "化疗相关性HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "顺铂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "化疗相关性HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "丝裂霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "化疗相关性HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "长春新碱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "化疗相关性HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
睾丸癌@结果 分级工具 ### 胸部CT 检查 结果 检查 分级工具。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "睾丸癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸部CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
多发性硬化症@炎性阶段头颅和脊髓 MRI 表现为增强病灶伴轻度水肿，而进展阶段表现为脑实质或脊髓萎缩及 T1 低信号（或黑洞）。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "增强病灶伴轻度水肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
阿尔茨海默病@ ### 影像学及其他检查 头部 CT 或 MRI 放射影像学检查可排除痴呆的器质性原因，可用来评估海马萎缩，从而支持阿尔茨海默病诊断。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "阿尔茨海默病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MRI 放射影像学检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "阿尔茨海默病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头部 CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
颅内肿瘤所致的性早熟患儿在病程早期常仅有性早熟表现，后期始见颅压增髙、视野缺损等定位征象，需加以警惕。 骨龄测定 根据手和腕部X线片评定骨龄。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "性早熟",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨龄测定"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
肝硬化@### 下腔静脉 (inferior vena cava, IVC) 阻塞 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 肾细胞癌的症状和体征：典型血尿、胁腹痛、侧腹/腹部包块三联征，合并体重下降和高血压。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "肝硬化",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "下腔静脉 (inferior vena cava, IVC) 阻塞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "典型血尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "侧腹/腹部包块三联征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体重下降"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胁腹痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
（三）免疫学因素 JIA病人整体与局部的免疫反应异常已有很多研究证明。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "JIA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫学因素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
肾细胞癌@### 黑人/美洲土著民族 在美国，与白人相比，年轻黑人男性的发病率趋于升高，且预后较差。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "肾细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黑人/美洲土著民族"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
唇腭裂@鼓室成形术至少到7岁时才可进行，到那时颅面形态（如颅底坡，腺体回归）会改善咽鼓管功能。 唇腭裂@助听器通常要在手术后咨询耳鼻喉科和听力学家。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "唇腭裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "助听器"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "唇腭裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "鼓室成形术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
川崎病@ 那些有小至中型冠状动脉瘤的患者必须每年复查心脏超声波。川崎病@如压力试验提示有冠脉狭窄，就需要进行血管造影。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血管造影"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "有小至中型冠状动脉瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心脏超声波"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "小至中型冠状动脉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心脏超声波"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "冠脉狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血管造影"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
深反射减弱或消失是由于反射弧损伤，也可见于锥体束急性损害或小脑病变。此外，还可见于低钾血症、深睡、昏迷、休克以及用大量镇静药等。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "低钾血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "深反射减弱或消失"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "昏迷",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "深反射减弱或消失"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "休克",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "深反射减弱或消失"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "锥体束急性损害",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "深反射减弱或消失"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小脑病变",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "深反射减弱或消失"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
胆管癌@## 分类 ### 欧洲肝脏研究协会 欧洲肝脏研究协会 (European Association for the Study of the Liver) 发布的指南建议，应将胆管癌细分为肝内 (iCCA)、肝门周围 (pCCA) 或远端 (dCCA)，其中的 iCCA 源自肝实质。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "胆管癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝门周围 (pCCA)"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "胆管癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "远端 (dCCA)"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "iCCA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
溃疡性结肠炎@对于这类患者，应给予局部治疗、最大剂量口服 5-ASA，以及全身性皮质类固醇治疗。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "5-ASA"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮质类固醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
肥厚型心肌病@β受体阻滞剂对有缺血症状的HCM患者有益。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肥厚型心肌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "β受体阻滞剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
肝癌@有假设认为高雌激素水平和脂质过氧化的丙型肝炎患者可能发生肝癌。肝癌@ 与丙型肝炎相关的肝癌常常因为肝硬化而发生，但是肝癌也可以在没有肝硬化的患者中发生。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "脂质过氧化的丙型肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝癌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
【实验室检查】 （一）梅毒螺旋体检查 取皮肤或黏膜破损的分泌物直接涂片，用暗视野显微镜检查梅毒螺旋体。普鲁卡因青霉素G油剂5万U/kg，肌内注射，每天一次，疗程10天。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "梅毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "普鲁卡因青霉素G油剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "梅毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "梅毒螺旋体检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
【诊断】 找到蛲虫卵或发现蛲虫成虫即可确诊蛲虫病。 3.丙氧咪唑 10mg/kg，每天2次；或15mg/kg，一次顿服，虫卵阴转率97. 7%～98. 3%。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "蛲虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "丙氧咪唑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
阿尔茨海默病@ ### 美国国立神经病、语言交流障碍和卒中研究所-阿尔茨海默病及相关疾病研究学会(National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorder Association, NINCDS-ADRDA) 的阿尔茨海默病诊断标准 确诊 AD：满足拟诊 AD 的标准，并且尸检或脑活检提示有 AD 组织病理学证据。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "AD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尸检"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "AD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑活检"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
肥厚型心肌病@对于慢性心房颤动，β 受体阻滞剂和维拉帕米可有效控制心率。肥厚型心肌病@ 如果患者的肥厚程度明显，地高辛并不常规用于控制心室率。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肥厚型心肌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "维拉帕米"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "房颤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "维拉帕米"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肥厚型心肌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "地高辛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
早产@联合 – 抗生素 针对经选择患者组全部患者的治疗推荐 #### 第一选择 [ 红霉素 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 250 mg，口服，每日四次 或 [ 青霉素V ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 250 mg，口服，每日四次 确诊为未足月胎膜早破 (PPROM) 之后应使用抗生素。早产@可选择红霉素 或青霉素类药物 。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "未足月胎膜早破",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "红霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "未足月胎膜早破",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青霉素类药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "早产",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗生素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "早产",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "红霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "早产",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青霉素V"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "未足月胎膜早破",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗生素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
3个月以内婴儿的发热常提示严重细菌感染性疾病（约10%～15%）或自限性非特异性病毒感染。前者包括脓毒症、脑膜炎、泌尿道感染、胃肠炎、骨关节炎和化脓性关节炎。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "发热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脓毒症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "发热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "发热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "泌尿道感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "发热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胃肠炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "发热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "发热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "化脓性关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "发热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "严重细菌感染性疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
病毒性脑膜炎@### 发热 半数以上肠病毒性脑膜炎病例会出现发热。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肠病毒性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
自身免疫性肝炎@皮质类固醇相关并发症风险较高的患者，也需要给予皮质类固醇联用免疫抑制剂治疗，包括绝经后的女性，以及骨质疏松症、糖尿病、青光眼、白内障、动脉高血压、严重抑郁和情绪不稳患者。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨质疏松症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "糖尿病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白内障"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "动脉高血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
类癌综合征@在克罗恩病中炎症标志物如 C 反应蛋白可能会升高。 类癌综合征@内镜检查证实克罗恩病。
|
[
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "内窥镜检查",
"subject": "克罗恩病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "内镜检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
急性咽喉炎@## 诊断步骤 诊断依赖病史和体格检查，确诊需要快速抗原检测。
|
[
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "急性咽喉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体格检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
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